{"question_number": "Q_0001", "coqa_story": "Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In some languages, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, participles, prepositions, numerals, articles and their modifiers take different inflected forms depending on what case they are in. As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in Ancient Greek, the locative case merged with the dative), a phenomenon formally called syncretism. \n\nEnglish has largely lost its case system, although personal pronouns still have three cases that are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative and genitive cases: subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever), objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) and possessive case (my, mine; your, yours; his; her, hers; its; our, ours; their, theirs; whose; whosever). Forms such as \"I\", \"he\" and \"we\" are used for the subject (\"I kicked the ball\"), whereas forms such as \"me\", \"him\" and \"us\" are used for the object (\"John kicked me\"). \n\nLanguages such as Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin, Armenian, Hungarian, Tibetan, Czech, Slovak, Turkish, Tamil, Romanian, Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Estonian, Finnish, Icelandic, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Basque, Esperanto and the majority of Caucasian languages have extensive case systems, with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners all inflecting (usually by means of different suffixes) to indicate their case. The number of cases differs between languages: German and Icelandic have four; Turkish, Latin and Russian each have at least six; Armenian, Czech, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian have seven; Sanskrit has eight; Estonian and Finnish have fifteen, Hungarian has eighteen and Tsez has sixty-four.", "question": "What is its simplified form?", "context": "Subjective Case is a simplified form of Nominative. Objective Case is a simplified form of Accusative. Possessive Case is a simplified form of Genitive.", "based_on_pattern": "(Subjective Case)-[is simplified form of]->(Nominative) || (Objective Case)-[is simplified form of]->(Accusative) || (Possessive Case)-[is simplified form of]->(Genitive)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0002", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "What did he author?", "context": "Peter Mark Roget authored Thesaurus Of English Words And Phrases. James Thurber authored You Could Look It Up!.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Mark Roget)-[authored]->(Thesaurus Of English Words And Phrases) || (James Thurber)-[authored]->(You Could Look It Up!)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0003", "coqa_story": "\"Mobile phones killed our man,\"screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain. \n\nFor anyone who uses a moblie phone, these are worring times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scared and you will hear a different story. \n\nWhat we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones'emission have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can't be explained by the general radiation biology. And it's only when the questions raised by these experients are answered that we'll be able to say for sure what moblie phones might be doing to the brain. \n\nOne of the odd effects comes from the now famous\"merrory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the prefix = st1 /UniversityofBristolplaced a device that imitated the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were all goood at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities.\"I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,\" he says. \n\nAnother expert, Tatterasll, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more----rather than less-----receptive to under-going changes linked to the memory formation. \n\nIt would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California, found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical. \n\nSo should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and scrambling our minds? \n\n\"If it doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,\"says William. And while there's still no evidence that mobile phone does mangle your memories or give your cancer, the _ is:Don't panic.", "question": "Who is he affiliated with?", "context": "William Adey is affiliated with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Alan Preece is affiliated with the University Of Bristol.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Adey)-[affiliated with]->(Veterans Affairs Medical Center) || (Alan Preece)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Bristol)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0004", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "Who was Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers named after?", "context": "Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers was named after Wendy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wendy'S Old Fashioned Hamburgers)-[NAMED_AFTER]->(Wendy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0005", "coqa_story": "Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday. Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was \"supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games\", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress. Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through _ . \"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points,\" he said, \"and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping.\" Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. \"Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles,\" he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London. Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. \"Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution,\" he said. \"The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars.\" Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games. \"We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,\" said Wetzel.", "question": "What position does Liu Xiaoming hold at the Beijing Traffic Committee?", "context": "Liu Xiaoming is the Deputy Director of the Beijing Traffic Committee.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liu Xiaoming)-[DEPUTY_DIRECTOR_OF]->(Beijing Traffic Committee)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0006", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \n\n\"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. \n\nA siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. \n\nWe stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. \n\nJust before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" \n\nWe let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "What did the Russian Tanks roll into?", "context": "The Russian Tanks rolled into Afghanistan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Russian Tanks)-[ROLLED_INTO]->(Afghanistan)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0007", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER III--SOAMES PREPARES TO TAKE STEPS \n\nWhen Soames entered his sister's little Louis Quinze drawing-room, with its small balcony, always flowered with hanging geraniums in the summer, and now with pots of Lilium Auratum, he was struck by the immutability of human affairs. It looked just the same as on his first visit to the newly married Darties twenty-one years ago. He had chosen the furniture himself, and so completely that no subsequent purchase had ever been able to change the room's atmosphere. Yes, he had founded his sister well, and she had wanted it. Indeed, it said a great deal for Winifred that after all this time with Dartie she remained well-founded. From the first Soames had nosed out Dartie's nature from underneath the plausibility, savoir faire, and good looks which had dazzled Winifred, her mother, and even James, to the extent of permitting the fellow to marry his daughter without bringing anything but shares of no value into settlement. \n\nWinifred, whom he noticed next to the furniture, was sitting at her Buhl bureau with a letter in her hand. She rose and came towards him. Tall as himself, strong in the cheekbones, well tailored, something in her face disturbed Soames. She crumpled the letter in her hand, but seemed to change her mind and held it out to him. He was her lawyer as well as her brother. \n\nSoames read, on Iseeum Club paper, these words: \n\n'You will not get chance to insult in my own again. I am leaving country to-morrow. It's played out. I'm tired of being insulted by you. You've brought on yourself. No self-respecting man can stand it. I shall not ask you for anything again. Good-bye. I took the photograph of the two girls. Give them my love. I don't care what your family say. It's all their doing. I'm going to live new life. 'M.D.' ", "question": "Who are they married to?", "context": "Dartie is married to Winifred. Winifred is married to Dartie.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dartie)-[married to]->(Winifred) || (Winifred)-[married to]->(Dartie)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0008", "coqa_story": "Much has been said and written recently about heroes, mainly because many people think we have too few of them. There are many different kinds of heroes, but they all seem to have two things in common. First, heroes, by their actions, show the great possibilities of human nature. Second, heroes can also stand the test of time, and their achievements will not be easily forgotten. Because of these good points, we need to choose our heroes carefully. Olympic sports star Jackie Joyner-Kersee, who is believed to be a hero, warns young people to be careful of making athletes heroes. She hopes that if someone tries to copy her, it will be because she has achieved her goals by working hard. Joyner-Kersee says that a hero should be someone who has an influence on another person's life. Poet Maya Angelou believes that a hero encourages people to treat others well and to be concerned about the greater good. A hero should show politeness, courage, patience, and strength all the time. A hero should encourage others to follow him with actions that improve the world, even if only in small ways. Author Daniel Boorstin suggests that, \" _ are people who make news, but heroes are people who make history.\" Thus, if a person is truly worthy to be called a hero, he or she will not be soon forgotten. We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day -- relatives , friends, and neighbors -- who will keep going when it is easier to give up. The parent who puts her or his family ahead of herself or himself, the teacher who will make more money at another job but chooses to help others -- all these people can be considered as heroes. A hero quietly and continuously sets a good example, an example that inspires others to follow.", "question": "What is Jackie Joyner-Kersee's occupation?", "context": "Jackie Joyner-Kersee's occupation is an Olympic Sports Star.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jackie Joyner-Kersee)-[HAS_OCCUPATION]->(Olympic Sports Star)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0009", "coqa_story": "Buck did not read the newspapers,or he would have known that trouble was coming,not only for himself,but for every big dog,strong of muscle and with long,warm hair in California.Men had found gold in the Yukon,and these men wanted big,strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north. \n\nBuck lived at a big house in the sunkissed Santa Clara valley.Judge Miller's place,it was called.There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house,and a river nearby.In a big place like this,of course,there were many dogs.There were house dogs and farm dogs,but they were not important.Over this great land Buck ruled.Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life.He was not so large--he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds.But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere housedog.Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles.He went swimming with Judge Miller's sons,and walking with his daughters.He carried the grandchildren on his back,and he sat at Judge Miller's feet in front of the warm library fire in winter.During the four years,he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect.He was king of Judge Miller's place. \n\nBut this was 1897,and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look for gold.And he did not know that Manuel,one of the gardener's helpers,was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling and for his large family.One day,the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club.No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk.Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station.This man talked to Manuel,and gave him some money.Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck. \n\nBuck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity .He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit.But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger's hands,Buck roared,and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck,shutting off his breath.In extreme anger,he jumped at the man.The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back.Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled,his tongue out of his mouth.Never in all his life had he been so badly treated.Never in all his life had he been so angry.For a few moments he was unable to move,and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train. \n\nWhen Buck woke up,the train was still moving.The man was sitting and watching him,but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard.Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go. \n\nThat evening,the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco.The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood. \n\n\"How much are they paying you for this?\"he asked. \n\n\"Only get fifty dollars.\" \n\n\"And the man who stole him--how much did he get?\"asked the barman. \n\n\"A hundred.He wouldn't take less.\" \n\n\"That makes a hundred and fifty.It's a good price for a dog like him.\" \n\nBuck spent that night in a cagelike box.He could not understand what it all meant.What did they want with him,these strange men?And where were Judge Miller and the boys? \n\nThe next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.", "question": "In what valley is Judge Miller's Place located?", "context": "Judge Miller's Place is located in the Santa Clara Valley.", "based_on_pattern": "(Judge Miller'S Place)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Santa Clara Valley)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0010", "coqa_story": "Below are reviews for three books and two book series. Each has been read and loved by students across the country. \n\nThe Outsiders \n\nThis book, first published in 1967. has become a classic for teens across the nation. It focuses on Ponyboy , who has been labeled all his life as a greaser. The greaser's opposing group is the \" socs \". kids who have lots of money and can break any rules without getting in trouble. As the novel develops, S. E. Hinton allows the reader to see exactly how these labels affect teens in both the greaser and the soc group. \n\nIf you've ever watched the movie The Outsiders, this story may sound familiar, as the movie was based on the book . The Outsiders gives teens a look into life in the 50's and 60's, offering timeless lessons that still apply to today's youth. \n\nOut of the Dust \n\nAny student interested in the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl should read Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse. Hesse is able to capture the mood and spirit of this era through the use of poetry. The main character of the book, Billie Jo, is growing up in Oklahoma, the heart of the Dust Bowl. Through free verse poetry, Billie Jo narrates her tale of poverty and survival during this difficult time. \n\nOut of the Dust is an excellent lesson in history . Due to the short length and writing style, the book is a quick but worthwhile read. By the end of the book, the reader is eager to start the story over again . Hesse is able to pack a lot of emotions and details into her short book , making the story very real and believable. \n\nThe Giver \n\nThe Giver depicts a perfect society in which citizens experience no pain, have never felt fear, and life is completely under control. However, as the reader progresses through the story, it's easy to see that this community is far from utopia . Instead, through the experiences felt by the main character Jonas, the reader learns there is a missing from life in this world.. \n\nDuring the Ceremony of the Twelves, each 12--year --old is assigned their life --long career in the community . Jonas is chosen to be the Receiver of Memories, a very special job assigned to one person at a time . When Jonas receives his training . he learns many truths about his community that change how he feels about his life, making him determined to do something to change it . \n\nThe Giver is a good book for teens who enjoy science fiction and fantasy. The book makes you examine your own life, values, and beliefs, striving to find how you would define the perfect society. \n\nAnne of Green Gables \n\nThis eight-book series depicts the life of Anne Shirley, an orphan that is adopted in Prince Edward Island, Canada . The books are set in the 1800s to the 1900s, the last one taking place during World War I. Anne is a loveable spirit who has many misfortunes and laughable experiences when growing up and going to college. \n\nThe Anne of Green Gables series is fun to read. creating a strong attachment to the reader and making the last book a bitter -sweet experience. Teenage girls who are looking for a female role model will love Anne Shirley. \n\nHarry Potter \n\nJ. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series has sold more copies than any other series in history. The series , which includes seven books in all , fallows a boy wizard named Harry Potter. \n\nHarry attends Hogwarts School of Witcheraft and Wizardy. The seven books follow Harry through seven years of wizarding school . During this time , readers experience the wizarding world through Harry's eyes and watch him make friends. Learn magic and fight a wizard. \n\nThe Harry Potter books are an enchanting read for all ages. No matter who you are. you will find yourself absorbed in the magical world created by J. K. Rowling.", "question": "What is a character that it features?", "context": "Anne Of Green Gables has character Anne Shirley. The Outsiders has character Ponyboy. The Giver has character Jonas. Out Of The Dust has character Billie Jo. Harry Potter has character Harry Potter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne Of Green Gables)-[has character]->(Anne Shirley) || (The Outsiders)-[has character]->(Ponyboy) || (The Giver)-[has character]->(Jonas) || (Out Of The Dust)-[has character]->(Billie Jo) || (Harry Potter)-[has character]->(Harry Potter)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0011", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER III--SOAMES PREPARES TO TAKE STEPS \n\nWhen Soames entered his sister's little Louis Quinze drawing-room, with its small balcony, always flowered with hanging geraniums in the summer, and now with pots of Lilium Auratum, he was struck by the immutability of human affairs. It looked just the same as on his first visit to the newly married Darties twenty-one years ago. He had chosen the furniture himself, and so completely that no subsequent purchase had ever been able to change the room's atmosphere. Yes, he had founded his sister well, and she had wanted it. Indeed, it said a great deal for Winifred that after all this time with Dartie she remained well-founded. From the first Soames had nosed out Dartie's nature from underneath the plausibility, savoir faire, and good looks which had dazzled Winifred, her mother, and even James, to the extent of permitting the fellow to marry his daughter without bringing anything but shares of no value into settlement. \n\nWinifred, whom he noticed next to the furniture, was sitting at her Buhl bureau with a letter in her hand. She rose and came towards him. Tall as himself, strong in the cheekbones, well tailored, something in her face disturbed Soames. She crumpled the letter in her hand, but seemed to change her mind and held it out to him. He was her lawyer as well as her brother. \n\nSoames read, on Iseeum Club paper, these words: \n\n'You will not get chance to insult in my own again. I am leaving country to-morrow. It's played out. I'm tired of being insulted by you. You've brought on yourself. No self-respecting man can stand it. I shall not ask you for anything again. Good-bye. I took the photograph of the two girls. Give them my love. I don't care what your family say. It's all their doing. I'm going to live new life. 'M.D.' ", "question": "Besides being her brother, what is Soames' professional relationship to Winifred?", "context": "Soames is the lawyer for Winifred.", "based_on_pattern": "(Soames)-[LAWYER_FOR]->(Winifred)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0012", "coqa_story": "Psychiatrists who work with older parents say that maturity can be an advantage in child raising--older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, decreasing energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken fear. \"Having late-life children often means parents, particularly fathers, end up retiring much later. For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.\" says Brandy Gabrielle, an economics professor. \n\nHenry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy. \"My body is aging,\" says Metcalf. \"You can't get away from that.\" \n\nOften, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. \"They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,\" says Joann Gals, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: \"that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their children,\" she says. \n\nMany late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of pregnancy treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. \"We both wanted children,\" says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years -- a sense of family. Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. \"The dads are older, more mature,\" says Dr. Silber, \"and more ready to focus on parenting.\"", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Dr. Silber is a Doctor. Brandy Gabrielle is an Economics Professor. Henry Metcalf is a Journalist. Joann Gals is a Psychologist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dr. Silber)-[has occupation]->(Doctor) || (Brandy Gabrielle)-[has occupation]->(Economics Professor) || (Henry Metcalf)-[has occupation]->(Journalist) || (Joann Gals)-[has occupation]->(Psychologist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0013", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "Which television network aired the show True Blood?", "context": "True Blood aired on the HBO network.", "based_on_pattern": "(True Blood)-[HAS_NETWORK]->(Hbo)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0014", "coqa_story": "Twenty years are just a blink in time. But 20 years is also long enough for a man to grow up. It is always painful. For Andre Agassi, maturing in the spotlight of international tennis competition was even harder. \n\nOn September 3, the American tennis player said a tearful goodbye to his 21-year career after a third-round defeat in the US Open. The 36-year-old tried his best, but was unable to keep up with German Benjamin Becker, _ years his _ \n\n\"The scoreboard said I lost today, but what the scoreboard doesn't say is what I've found,\" Agassi said to the fans. \"I have found inspiration and you willed me to succeed.\" It was an emotional speech at the end of a long career. \n\nAgassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he loves it now. His father made him play when he was a child. He got bored, and became a rebel . The strict training that his father pushed upon him got in the way of his wild lifestyle. He grew hair long, wore colourful clothes and spat at a judge. Over the years, he has made bad jokes during news conferences Asked what he would say to his 17-year-old self, Agassi answered, \"I would say, I understand you a lot more than I want to be you.\" \n\nThe turning point in Agassi's career came in 1992 when he unexpectedly won his first Grand Slam at Wimbledon. It was the first time Agassi understood what real champions finally understand: winning is a test of courage and not just power, it's a marathon, not a sprint . \n\nAnd what a marathon Agassi was about to begin. He cut his long hair, got fitter and tightened up emotionally. On the court, he was ranked No. 1 for almost two years. His lowest point came in 1997 when his ranking dropped to No. 141. He didn't quit though. \"I knew that I would try to get the most out of myself every day from that day forward. That was my promise,\" he said. \"That never stopped.\"", "question": "What is his nationality?", "context": "Benjamin Becker is German. Andre Agassi is American.", "based_on_pattern": "(Benjamin Becker)-[has nationality]->(German) || (Andre Agassi)-[has nationality]->(American)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0015", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "Where is it made?", "context": "Hardware is made in China. Software is made in India.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hardware)-[made in]->(China) || (Software)-[made in]->(India)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0016", "coqa_story": "Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, the largest in Germany. Cologne is about 45\u00c2\u00a0km southwest of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of Dusseldorf and 25\u00c2\u00a0km northwest of Bonn. \n\nCologne is located on both sides of the Rhine, near Germany's borders with Belgium and the Netherlands. The city's famous Cologne Cathedral (\"K\u00c3\u00b6lner Dom\") is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne (\"Universit\u00c3\u00a4t zu K\u00c3\u00b6ln\") is one of Europe's oldest and largest universities. \n\nCologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman \"Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium\", from which it gets its name. \"Cologne\", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of \"Germania Inferior\" and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. During the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. Prior to World War II the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (1918\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1926). Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, with the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping of bombs on the city. The bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many historic buildings as possible, the successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape.", "question": "What ancient Roman province was Cologne the capital of?", "context": "Cologne was the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cologne)-[CAPITAL_OF]->(Germania Inferior)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0017", "coqa_story": "For most South Africans, Nelson Mandela is the father of their nation - many even called him \"Tata\", a local word for father. It was sometimes forgotten that he was also a real father of six, grandfather of 18, great-grandfather of eight, and husband to three women. \n\nHe earned a place in history just like another father of a nation, Mahatma Gandhi. But there was a fundamental difference between these beloved men. While Gandhi was thought to be a depressed family man, Mandela was a strong and loving family man. Even so, Mandela and his family paid dearly for his devotion to his country's freedom. \n\nMandela himself offered a glimpse into his personal war. \"To be the father of a nation is a great honor, but to be the father of a family is a greater joy. _ \" he said in April 1992, announcing his separation from Winnie. \n\nIn 1944, Nelson Mandela married Evelyn. \"I could not give up my life in the struggle,\" Mandela explained in his autobiography , Long Walk to Freedom, \"and she (Evelyn) could not live with my devotion to something other than herself and her family... I never lost my admiration for her, but in the end we could not make our marriage work.\" They divorced in 1958. \n\nWhen Evelyn died in 2004, Mandela stood at her graveside with his third wife, Graca. Winnie also attended the funeral. \n\nMandela married Winnie in 1958. But Winnie bore the hardship of life as Mandela, enduring her husband's 27-year imprisonment. From prison, Mandela wrote some of the greatest love letters to Winnie. \"I dust it (your photo) carefully every morning - I even touch your nose with mine to regain the electric current that used to run through my blood whenever I did so.\" \n\nFor many South Africans, it was the end of a fairytale love story when their separation was made public in 1992. \"Tensions\" had arisen and they had agreed on a separation. The hurt in his words was clear: \"Perhaps I was blinded to certain things because of the pain I felt for not being able to play my role as a husband to my wife and a father to my children.\" \n\n\"Unstable personal lives seemed freedom fighters' destiny ,\" he said. \"When your life is the struggle, as mine was, there is little room left for family. That has always been my greatest regret, and the most painful aspect of the choice I made.\" The couple divorced in 1996.", "question": "What characteristic did he have?", "context": "Mahatma Gandhi was a Depressed Family Man. Nelson Mandela was a Strong And Loving Family Man.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mahatma Gandhi)-[had characteristic]->(Depressed Family Man) || (Nelson Mandela)-[had characteristic]->(Strong And Loving Family Man)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0018", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XII \n\nTHE FEVER PATIENT \n\nWhen Harding scrambled to his feet, with his pistol still aimed, Clarke laughed. \n\n\"You're not only very rash--and very clumsy--but you're lucky. That's the only vacant tepee in the whole village. And my friends don't seem to have heard you.\" \n\nThey moved on very quickly and cautiously, and when they reached the thick willow bluff, where they were comparatively safe, Harding felt easier. \n\nIt was noon when they stumbled into camp, Harding ragged and exhausted, and Clarke limping after him in an even more pitiable state. The doctor had suffered badly from the hurried march; but his conductor would brook no delay, and the grim hints he had been given encouraged him to put forth his utmost exertion. \n\nBlake was alive, but when Harding bent over him he feared that help had come too late. His skin looked harsh and dry, his face had grown hollow, and his thick, strong hair had turned lank and was falling out. His eyes were vacant and unrecognizing when he turned them upon Harding. \n\n\"Here's your patient,\" the American said to Clarke. \"We expect you to cure him, and you had better get to work at once.\" \n\nThen his face grew troubled as he turned to Benson. \n\n\"How long has he been like that?\" he asked. \n\n\"The last two days. I'm afraid he's very bad.\" \n\nHarding sat down with a smothered groan. Every muscle seemed to ache; he could scarcely hold himself upright; and his heart was very heavy. He would miss Blake terribly. It was hard to think of going on without him; but he feared that this was inevitable. He was filled with a deep pity for the helpless man; but after a few moments his weary face grew stern. He had done all that he was able, and now Clarke, whom he believed to be a man of high medical skill, must do his part. If he were unsuccessful, it would be the worse for him. ", "question": "What are they?", "context": "Harding is an American. Clarke is a Doctor. Blake is a Patient.", "based_on_pattern": "(Harding)-[is a]->(American) || (Clarke)-[is a]->(Doctor) || (Blake)-[is a]->(Patient)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0019", "coqa_story": "The Great Gatsby was not well received when it was published in 1926. F. Scott Fitzgerald appeared to destroy the American Dream, where in anyone, with enough hard work, could get rich and have whatever they wanted from life. He exposed the truth about such myths in this classic book. Basically, the plot could be described as follows: Poor boy goes East in search of wealth, bored and dissatisfied with inactive Mid West country life. He meets the super-rich there, attends parties and makes friends with one man in particular, a lonely millionaire of uncertain origins, Jay Gatsby. He becomes involved with these rich but immoral people, the worst of whom are his own cousin Daisy Buchanan, and her husband Tom. He observes, with dawning recognition, the corruption in their lives, how lacking in human values or ethical beliefs they seem to be. He watches tragedy unfold, brought about by the handlings of the wealthy, and visited on the poorer characters. He remains the only friend of Gatsby, arranging his funeral and mourning his death, and possibly the death of his own American Dream. He wakes up to the reality of what is important in life, and decides to choose what is of value to him. He returns to his origins, having recognized the worth of his up-bringing and the moral values it instilled. He sees that money is not everything. But let us look at this in a little more depth, because the novel is much more complicated than those simple outlines above suggest. The young man, Nick Caraway, aged 29, lived in a cottage on Long Island. He was an apprentice Wall Street trader, and in 1920s, when the novel is set, this job represented a way to get rich, the core value of the American Dream. Gatsby was a millionaire, who chased a dream too, one of rekindling love with Daisy, Nick's cousin, a bored, rich, totally unfeeling and spoilt woman. Her rich husband, Tom Buchanan, a businessman, was also less than moral, flattering his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, the wife of a garage owner. It was George Wilson's love for Myrtle that brought about the tragedy contained in the Gatsby plot. Gatsby wanted to recapture his dream of love. So he began an affair with Daisy; she was flattered and bored. This action helped to erode Nick's illusions, and show what wealth can do to people. Gatsby suffered from the realization that Daisy was not the wonderful person he dreamed of, but a shallow and materialistic person. Eventually, Tom Buchanan suspected what was happening between Gatsby and Daisy, and confronted Gatsby. It was soon after this that Daisy ran Myrtle Wilson down, while driving Gatsby's yellow automobile. The tragedy was begun, when Tom Buchanan put the idea into head of George Wilson, that Gatsby had killed Myrtle. In fact, Daisy was secure in the belief that superior status and wealth made her immune, and also, her character was such that she cared little for another human being. Tom Buchanan was the catalyst that sent the emotionally disturbed George to shoot Gatsby for killing Myrtle, then committing suicide. Two dreams turned to dust:George's of love and the chance to pursue the dream of capitalist endeavor and success, Gatsby's of recapturing romantic love and the more innocent past, when, in his mind, Daisy was golden and true. The complete destruction was symbolically expressed when none of Gatsby's rich \"friends\" were touched by his death. It was left to Nick, a relative stranger, to make the funeral arrangements. This highlighted the total shallowness of that wealthy, corrupt society, and showed what a worthless person Daisy herself was. At the end, Nick returned to the beliefs of his Mid Western upbringing. After one last meeting with Tom Buchanan, one last look at Gatsby's mansion, having buried his friend, he left for home. As Gatsby lost his dream and his life, Fitzgerald drew a portrait of the death of the American Dream.", "question": "Who is she married to?", "context": "Myrtle Wilson is married to George Wilson. Daisy Buchanan is married to Tom Buchanan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Myrtle Wilson)-[married to]->(George Wilson) || (Daisy Buchanan)-[married to]->(Tom Buchanan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0020", "coqa_story": "The Korean language (, see below) is the official and national language of both Koreas: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), with different standardized official forms used in each territory. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of the People's Republic of China. Approximately 80 million people worldwide speak Korean. \n\nHistorical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate; however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language (spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct) form the Koreanic language family. This implies that Korean is not an isolate, but a member of a small family. The idea that Korean belongs to the controversial Altaic language family is discredited in academic research. There is still debate about a relation to Dravidian languages and on whether Korean and Japanese are related to each other. The Korean language is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax. \n\nModern Korean descends from Middle Korean, which in turn descends from Old Korean, which descends from the language spoken in Prehistoric Korea (labeled Proto-Korean), whose nature is debated, in part because Korean genetic origins are controversial. A relation of Korean (together with its extinct relatives which form the Koreanic family) with Japonic languages has been proposed by linguists such as William George Aston and Samuel Martin. Roy Andrew Miller and others suggested or supported the inclusion of Koreanic and Japonic languages in the purported Altaic family (a macro-family that would comprise Tungusic, Mongolian and Turkic families); the Altaic hypothesis has since been largely rejected by most linguistic specialists.", "question": "What does it descend from?", "context": "Old Korean descends from Proto-Korean. Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean. Middle Korean descends from Old Korean.", "based_on_pattern": "(Old Korean)-[descends from]->(Proto-Korean) || (Modern Korean)-[descends from]->(Middle Korean) || (Middle Korean)-[descends from]->(Old Korean)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0021", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"Beware the fury of the patient man.\" -- John Dryden \n\nIn January, 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser was pledging to take over Palestine. In the United States, a \"sensational new RCA Victor Star,\" just days away from cracking the music charts with his first hit, \"Heartbreak Hotel,\" was touring with Hank Snow and the stars of Grand Old Opry. Norma Jeane Mortenson was preparing to change her name. \n\nAlso that month, a fresh-faced U.S. senator gave Richard Nixon an autographed copy of his second book, \"Profiles in Courage\". \n\nIn that best-seller, John F. Kennedy applauded leaders with the courage to represent \"the actual sentiments of the silent majority of their constituents in opposition to the screams of a vocal minority.\" That \"silent majority\" was a constituency neither Nixon nor the country would forget: Fifty-six years later, Mitt Romney is counting on it to win the presidency. \n\nNixon could have thanked Kennedy's hardcover for one of his many resurrections. His appeal to the \"silent majority\" turned around his political fortunes, driving his approval ratings from the mid-50s to more than 80%. \n\nOpinion: Both parties have a huge race problem \n\nHis pivotal speech contrasted a \"vocal minority\" of idealistic but impractical, young, anti-Vietnam protestors, cultural elites and intellectuals with their stodgy parents, older, blue-collar, working-class Americans. Until Nixon drew the silent majority from the shadows, their simmering outrage at the left's lack of respect for time-tested American values was undetected. \n\nPolitical historian Teddy White characterized the split between \"what the silent people think\" and what the country's \"more important thinkers think.\" He wrote, \"Never have America's leading cultural media, its university thinkers, its influence makers been more intrigued by experiment and change; but in no election have the mute masses more completely separated themselves from such leadership and thinking.\" ", "question": "What did he author?", "context": "John F. Kennedy authored Profiles In Courage. John Dryden authored Beware The Fury Of The Patient Man..", "based_on_pattern": "(John F. Kennedy)-[authored]->(Profiles In Courage) || (John Dryden)-[authored]->(Beware The Fury Of The Patient Man.)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0022", "coqa_story": "The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. \n\nMembers of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked representation in Parliament. Protests steadily escalated to the burning of the \"Gaspee\" in Rhode Island in 1772, followed by the Boston Tea Party in 1773, during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea. The British responded by closing Boston Harbor, then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony's rights of self-government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts. In late 1774, the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories. \n\nTensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775\u00e2\u20ac\u201c83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.", "question": "Whose authority did the American Patriots reject?", "context": "The American Patriots rejected the authority of the British Parliament.", "based_on_pattern": "(American Patriots)-[REJECTED_AUTHORITY_OF]->(British Parliament)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0023", "coqa_story": "Women had a significant part to play during World War II,which was the time when women also made their own contributions.Some women's great efforts and their names have been recorded in history.Here's a look at some of the strong figures of women in World War II. \n\nTatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov of Russia on December 12,1919.In 1943,she was sent to the Central Women's Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April,she was further sent to the front.She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months!Unfortunately,she was captured by the enemies and was killed on the fifth of July in 1944.Today,the street where she grew up has been renamed in her memory. \n\nAnne Frank was a Germanborn Jewish girl who was wellknown for the publication of her diary that described all her experiences when the Germans occupied Holland in World War II.Anne was born on June 12,1929 and she,along with her family,went into hiding in July 1942.Two years later,her family was captured and seven months from her arrest,Anne Frank died of illness in early March 1945. \n\nMargaret Ringenberg was born on 17 June,1921,in Indiana of America.She began her career during World War II when she became a ferry pilot for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.After that she turned a flight instructor in 1945.She even wrote her own book named Girls Can't Be Pilots.She passed away on 28 July,2008,after flying for 40,000 hours in the air. \n\nHannah Szenes was born on 17th July,1921 and was trained to parachute by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II.This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary.Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured following her arrest at the Hungarian border.Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures,yet she did not lose heart.She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high!She also kept a record of events in her diary till 7th November,1944,when she was finally killed. \n\nThese names are just a few of the women who played a significant part in World War II.Their stories go a long way in showing the kind of lifestyles they led and their struggles and sacrifices.", "question": "Where was she born?", "context": "Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov. Margaret Ringenberg was born in Indiana.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina)-[born in]->(Glazov) || (Margaret Ringenberg)-[born in]->(Indiana)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0024", "coqa_story": "Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754\u00e2\u20ac\u201c63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War. \n\nBy far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812. With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleon's France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who became president and the Americans who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain.", "question": "Who did they have a war with?", "context": "Great Britain had war with Napoleon'S France. United States had war with Native Americans.", "based_on_pattern": "(Great Britain)-[had war with]->(Napoleon'S France) || (United States)-[had war with]->(Native Americans)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0025", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "What was it known as?", "context": "Lotharingia was known as Lorraine. Mulhouse was known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lotharingia)-[known as]->(Lorraine) || (Mulhouse)-[known as]->(Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00a3\u00c2\u00bcLhausen)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0026", "coqa_story": "Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were expensive, more than they could really afford, but...when you love your art, nothing is too much. But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn't afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to pay her $ 50 an hour. \"Delia,\" Joe said, \"I'll be much happier if you keep up your lessons,\" Delia said it didn't matter. \"When I've had some money, I'll continue.\" But Joe also decided to stop his lessons, to draw pictures and sell them. A few days later, Joe came home and proudly took $ 200 from his pocket. \"I met a man from Vermont,\" he said, \"who bought one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!\" _ .They didn't have to worry any more about money. Then, one day, Joe came home and saw that Delia's hand was wrapped in a bandage . He asked her what had happened. \"Oh,\" said Delia. \"My student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her. I dropped the coffee and burned my hand. Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. \" \"Delia, what have you been doing the last two weeks?\" Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears came. \"Oh Joe, I couldn't get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today, I burned my hand with hot water. So I can't work any more. But we'll still have money from the man in Vermont, won't we?\" Joe looked at her. \"There's no man in Vermont, \" he said. \"I've been working in a drugstore, and today someone came in to buy bandages for a woman who's burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed.\" They both laughed. [A story by O. Henry--adapted ]", "question": "Knowing that Delia is a pianist, who did she study under to perfect her craft?", "context": "Delia studied under the Great Pianist From Germany.", "based_on_pattern": "(Delia)-[IS_STUDENT_OF]->(Great Pianist From Germany)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0027", "coqa_story": "As kids spend more time online chatting with friends or researching homework, parents are questioning how the Internet is affecting children's lives, a recent study shows. \n\nFrom 2006 to 2007, the number of parents who think the Internet beneficial to their children declined, according to the study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. But parents don' t see it as a bad influence, either. \n\nAmanda Lenhart, a senior researcher said, \"Technology is not so magic as to make your child get straight A and improve all aspects of your life. As you grow to know it, you realize its power and disadvantages.\" \n\nBut as with the emergence of television in American homes in the 1950s and 1960s, the Internet continues to cause strong reactions from parents. \n\n\"There's too much garbage online for kids,\" said Patrick Thomas as he picked up his 15-year-old son from school. \"It's like a kid walking down the street. He's got to watch out. He never knows who he might come across.\" \n\nThomas used to have Internet service at home but got rid of it a year ago because he was worried about viruses infecting his computer and strangers taking advantage of his son Zachary. He has purchased a series of educational software to help him with his schoolwork. \n\n\"It was a great place to explore, and the information you gathered was great,\" Zachary said. \"Now it's dangerous.\" But Zachary Thomas still sees benefits from going online and says he can do it at the library or at school. \"It can be a good thing for kids,\" Zachary said. But he wasn't upset when his father pulled the plug . \n\nZachary's attitude to the Internet is in line with the study's findings, confirming that teens, who have never known a world without online access, generally have a more positive view of the Internet than their parents. \n\nMore parents are getting online themselves, making them know about their children's online activities, Lenhart said. \n\nBut that doesn't mean they understand everything. It also doesn't mean they needn't monitor the websites their children visit or set limits on the amount of time they spend online. \n\n\"I'm still trying to figure out the role of it,\" said John Horgan, whose daughters are 11, 12 and 15. \"If their grades were to go down, that would be it.\" \n\nThe majority of parents surveyed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project said the Internet is a positive influence in their children's lives.", "question": "Who is he the father of?", "context": "Patrick Thomas is father of Zachary. John Horgan is father of Daughters.", "based_on_pattern": "(Patrick Thomas)-[is father of]->(Zachary) || (John Horgan)-[is father of]->(Daughters)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0028", "coqa_story": "\"I wish our bank would be robbed,\" said George Pickens, the bank clerk, to himself. \"If one day a robber holds up me. And if I have to give him a certain amount of money. What is to prevent me keeping all the money left and claiming that the robber had taken it?\" Just then a tall and strong man walked in, wearing a mask. \"This is a holdup!\" the man said. Roughly, taking a gun from his pocket and stepping over to George's cage. \"All right, hand it over!\" \n\n\"Yes, sir,\" said George. \"Would you like it in ten-or twenty-dollar bills?\" \n\n\"Just hand it over!\" said the robber. George took all the bills from the top section close to six thousand dollars. He passed them through the window. The robber snatched them, stuffed them into his pocket, and turned to leave. Then, while everyone was watching the robber, George calmly lifted off the top section of the cashbox and slipped bills from the bottom section into his pockets. The door swung and the robber was gone. George fell down and fainted. When he came to he smiled up at the worried faces looking down at him. \"I'm all right,\" he stated bravely. \n\n\"You might just as well go home, George.\" Mr. Bell, the chief accountant, said. \n\nAs soon as he was safely behind his bedroom door, George took the money from his pockets and counted it. Seven thousand dollars! \n\nThe next morning when George arrived at the bank, it was not open for business, but everyone was there, helping to check the bank's accounts. George was called into Mr. Burrows' office. The bank president seemed strangely cheerful. \"George,\" he said, \"I want you to meet Mr. Charles, who used to be president of our bank.\" \n\n\"Good morning, George,\" said the former president. \"I was extremely sorry to hear you fainted yesterday. Are you all right now?\" \n\n\"Yes, sir, just fine, thanks.\" \n\n\"I was sorry to give you a hard time yesterday, but with all the banks being robbed these days, I played my little game yesterday, just to keep everybody on his toes.\" \n\n\"I don't understand,\" said George. \"What game?\" \n\nThe old man laughed and quickly took out a mask. He placed it over his face and said, \"All right. Hand it over!\" Mr. Burrows laughed but George didn't. \n\n\"And the money?\" George asked in a faint voice. \n\n\"Don't worry,\" Mr. Charles said. \"I put it all back in your cashbox--- all six thousand. We're just finishing up the check-up now.\" Behind them, the door opened and Mr. Bell put his head into the room. \"Mr. Burrows,\" he said gravely, \"may I see you a moment?\"", "question": "What is his occupation?", "context": "George Pickens is a Bank Clerk. Mr. Bell is a Chief Accountant. Mr. Burrows is a Bank President. Mr. Charles is a Former Bank President.", "based_on_pattern": "(George Pickens)-[has occupation]->(Bank Clerk) || (Mr. Bell)-[has occupation]->(Chief Accountant) || (Mr. Burrows)-[has occupation]->(Bank President) || (Mr. Charles)-[has occupation]->(Former Bank President)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0029", "coqa_story": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade \u00e2\u20ac\u201c this war on terrorism \u00e2\u20ac\u201c is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\" \n\nU.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated \"Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.\" In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from \"Global War on Terror\" to \"Overseas Contingency Operation\" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using \"Overseas Contingency Operation\". Basic objectives of the Bush administration \"war on terror\", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been \"effectively destroyed\", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is \"to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America\"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from \"Overseas Contingency Operations\" to \"Countering Violent Extremism\" in 2010.", "question": "What was it renamed to?", "context": "Global War On Terror was renamed to Overseas Contingency Operation. Overseas Contingency Operation was renamed to Countering Violent Extremism.", "based_on_pattern": "(Global War On Terror)-[renamed to]->(Overseas Contingency Operation) || (Overseas Contingency Operation)-[renamed to]->(Countering Violent Extremism)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0030", "coqa_story": "For most caffeine consumers, its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine. \"Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money,\" he adds. \"What makes it different from other drugs is that it's used as a productivity tool -- not for pleasure.\" Many of history's creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption. According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day. \"Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live,\" he once insisted. For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee \"with lots of sugar\" in one sitting, which he said would guarantee that \"lots of ideas\" arrived. Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed coffee. Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams, who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day. It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. \"A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process,\" he adds. \"You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus.\" One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently -- it is impossible to work out a \"safe\" limit that works for everyone. \"Eventually, you have to become your own scientist -- there isn't an alternative to careful self-experimentation,\" he says.", "question": "What book is he the author of?", "context": "Mason Currey is the author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. Stephen Braun is the author of Buzz: The Science And Lore Of Alcohol And Caffeine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mason Currey)-[is author of]->(Daily Rituals: How Artists Work) || (Stephen Braun)-[is author of]->(Buzz: The Science And Lore Of Alcohol And Caffeine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0031", "coqa_story": "I was doing a weekend seminar at the Deerhurst Lodge, north of Toronto. On Friday night a tornado swept through a town north of us called Barrie, killing dozens of people and doing millions of dollars worth of damage. Sunday night, as I was coming home, I stopped the car when I got to Barrie. I got out on the side of the highway and looked around. It was a mess. Everywhere I looked there were smashed houses and cars turned upside down. \n\nThat same night Bob Templeton was driving down the same highway. He stopped to look at the disaster just as I had; only his thoughts were different than my own. Bob was the vice-president of Telemedia Communications, which owns a string of radio stations in Ontario and Quebec. He thought there must be something we could do for these people with the radio stations they had. \n\nThe following night I was doing another seminar in Toronto. Bob Templeton and Bob Johnson, another vice-president from Telemedia, came in and stood in the back of the room. They shared their conviction that there had to be something they could do for the people in Barrie. \n\nAfter the seminar we went back to Bob's office. He was now committed to the idea of helping the people who had been caught in the tornado. \n\nThe following Friday he called all the executives at Telemedia into his office. At the top of a flip chart he wrote three 3s. He said to his executives, \"How would you like to raise 3 million dollars 3 days from now in just 3 hours and give the money to the people in Barrie?\" There was nothing but silence in the room. \n\nFinally someone said, \"Templeton, you're crazy. There is no way we could do that.\" \n\nBob said, \"Wait a minute. I didn't ask you if we could or even if we should. I just asked you if you'd like to.\" \n\nThey all said, \"Sure we'd like to.\" He then drew a large 'T' underneath the 333. On one side he wrote, \"Why we can't.\" On the other side he wrote, \"How we can.\" \n\n\"I'm going to put a big X on the 'Why we can't' side. We're not going to spend any time on the ideas of why we can't. That's of no value. On the other side we're going to write down every idea that we can come up with on how we can. We're not going to leave the room until we figure it out.\" There was silence again. \n\nFinally, someone said, \"We could do a radio show across Canada.\" \n\nBob said, \"That's a great idea,\" and wrote it down. Before he had it written, someone said, \"You can't do a radio show across Canada. We don't have radio stations across Canada.\" That was a pretty valid objection. They only had stations in Ontario and Quebec. \n\nTempleton replied, \" _ .\" But this was a real strong objection because radio stations are not very compatible . They usually don't work together. They are very cutthroat. They fight each other. To get them to work together would be virtually impossible according to the standard way of thinking. \n\nAll of a sudden someone said, \"We could get Harvey Kirk and Lloyd Robertson, the biggest names in Canadian broadcasting, to anchor the show.\" (That would be like getting Tom Brokaw and Sam Donaldson to anchor the show. They are anchors on national TV. They are not going to go on radio.) At that point, it was absolutely amazing how fast and furious the creative ideas began to flow. \n\nThat was on a Friday. The following Tuesday they had a radiothon . They had fifty radio stations all across the country that agreed to broadcast it. It didn't matter who got the credit as long as the people in Barrie got the money. Harvey Kirk and Lloyd Robertson anchored the show and they succeeded in raising three million dollars in three hours within three business days! \n\nYou see, you can do anything if you put your focus on how to do it rather than on why you can't.", "question": "What position did Bob Templeton hold at Telemedia Communications?", "context": "Bob Templeton was the Vice President of Telemedia Communications.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bob Templeton)-[VICE_PRESIDENT_OF]->(Telemedia Communications)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0032", "coqa_story": "Why are we addicted to upgrades? According to Donald Norman, American author of the book The Design of Everyday Things, \"planned obsolescence\" is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today's consumer electronics industry. \n\nThe New York Times cited Norman last month, saying that electronics manufactures strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version. \n\n\"This is an old-time trick- they're not inventing anything new,\" he said. \n\nThomas Wensma, a Dutch designer, despises the \"planned obsolescence\" of companies, as recently reported by UK-based The Guardian. \n\nWensma said this is a wasteful system through which companies - many of them producing personal electronics - release shoddy products simply because \"they know that, in six months or a year, they'll put out a new one\". \n\nBut the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Wensma said to the newspaper: \"We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.\" \n\n_ \n\n\"It's to the damage of the consumer and the environment,\" as the New York Times quoted Norman. \"But perhaps to the betterment of the stockholder.\" \n\nIn its most recent fiscal year, Apple's profit margin was more than 21 percent, reported the Los Angeles Times. At Hewlett-Packard, the world's biggest PC manufacturer, it was only 7 percent. \n\n\"Steven Jobs pushed the principle of 'planned obsolescence' to new heights,\" the newspaper commented on the company's profits and marketing strategy. \"Apple's annual upgrades of its products generate sales of millions of units as owners of one year's MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version, even when the changes are incremental.\" \n\nPeer pressure \n\nAs to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When the majority of friends are switching to the latest devices, he worries about feeling left out. \n\n\"Some apps and games require better hardware to run,\" said Li. \"If you don't join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.\"", "question": "In what industry is planned obsolescence considered a trick?", "context": "Planned obsolescence is considered a trick in the Consumer Electronics Industry.", "based_on_pattern": "(Planned Obsolescence)-[IS_TRICK_IN]->(Consumer Electronics Industry)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0033", "coqa_story": "An inventor seeks to create a new product that serves a specific need and fulfills a role that other products do not. Sometimes an inventor comes up with a wholly new idea, but more often inventions are simply improvements on an older design. With a little imagination and creativity , an old idea can suddenly become something new. \n\nHowever, creating a new invention means much more than having a brilliant idea. A good designer follows the design process: identifying the challenge, researching and brainstorming ideas , designing a solution, testing and evaluating the ideas, and finally building the product. Designers also use science, math, technology, and engineering to design a tool that satisfies the need they identified. \n\nAnyone can be an inventor --even kids! For example, Chester Greenwood was just fifteen years old when he invented a product that changed his life. In fact, his idea was so good that his invention supported him for the rest of his life. You may not know his name, but you probably know his invention --earmuffs ! \n\nThe inspiration for his earmuff design came to Chester when he was ice-skating. His ears were cold, and he decided to find a way to keep them warm. With the help of his grandmother, he made a new product to protect his ears and at the age of eighteen, Chester patented his earmuff design. \n\nMany other famous inventors started young as well. Margaret Knight --the inventor of the flat-bottomed brown paper bag --is said to have created a safety device for textile looms when she was just twelve years old. Another example is Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, who applied for his first patent when he was just twenty-one years old. Over the course of his life, Thomas Edison patented a total of 1,093 inventions!", "question": "What specific device for textile looms did Margaret Knight create?", "context": "Margaret Knight created the Safety Device For Textile Looms.", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Knight)-[CREATED]->(Safety Device For Textile Looms)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0034", "coqa_story": "Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has died at the age of 82. Many people paid tribute to the former astronaut. But other people feel regret that no human has been back to the moon since 1972, just three years after Armstrong landed on it and gave his famous \"giant leap for mankind\" speech. \n\nElliot Pulham, Chief Executive of the Space Foundation, thinks that America's space agency NASA should get more money, like in the 1960s, during the moon landings programme, when astronauts went to the moon. \"In this age of limited goals and tiny NASA budgets, Armstrong is a reminder of what our nation was once capable of,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong died because of heart problems after surgery. His recovery seemed to be going well, and his death was a surprise to many people. His family described him as a \"reluctant American hero\" and said: \"Honour his example of service, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.\" \n\nSpeaking from the White House, Barack Obama said Armstrong was \"among the greatest of \n\nAmerican heroes - not just of his time, but of all time\". He added: \"And when Neil stepped on the \n\nmoon for the first time, it was a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten.\" \n\nBuzz Aldrin flew with Armstrong on Apollo 11. He was the second man to walk on the moon. He said he was very sad at the death of his good friend and companion. \n\n\"When I look at the moon I remember that special moment, over forty years ago, when Neil and I stood on the moon,\" he said. \"Looking back at our brilliant blue planet Earth hanging in the darkness of space, I realized that even though we were farther away from Earth than two humans \n\nhad ever been, we were not alone. Almost the entire world took that memorable journey with us. I know many millions of people around the world will join me in mourning the death of a true \n\nAmerican hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will always be remembered as a historic moment in human history.\" \n\nIn the US, people felt that he represented the achievement of a past age of American greatness. Today, things are very different: NASA has cancelled a number of missions because they don't have enough money. \n\nFormer astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last man on the moon, said: \"Neil did something that people thought was impossible.\" Others complained about the state of the US. Journalist Andrew Pasternak wrote: \"It will take longer to rebuild lower Manhattan after 9/11 than it took to build an entire space program and send a man to the moon.\" \n\nOf course, NASA has its modern successes. Its engineers have landed a nuclear-powered robot on Mars. There will also be another Mars mission. It will drill below the planet's surface. But these achievements are not as exciting as Armstrong's. NASA administrator Charles Bolden expressed that in his tribute. \"As we enter this next era of space exploration, we are standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong was disappointed by what NASA has become. Blogger Eric Berger saw an email from Armstrong and other former astronauts. It expressed frustration at the current problems at NASA and quoted Yogi Berra, an American baseball legend: \"If you don't know where you are \n\ngoing, you might not get there.\"", "question": "Who did Barack Obama describe as a hero?", "context": "Barack Obama described Neil Armstrong as a hero.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[DESCRIBED_AS_HERO]->(Neil Armstrong)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0035", "coqa_story": "(CNN)Thousands gathered in Riyadh on Friday to say farewell to Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al Saud, a cautious reformer who succeeded in securing broader freedoms in the conservative kingdom, but fell short in gaining greater independence for women. \n\nAbdullah died early Friday, several weeks after the state-run Saudi Press Agency said he was suffering from pneumonia and had been admitted to a hospital. The royal court didn't release an exact cause of death. He was 90. \n\nTo ensure a smooth transition, the kingdom quickly appointed his 79-year-old half-brother, Salman bin Abdulaziz, to the throne. His half-brother Prince Muqrin, a decade younger, is the new crown prince. \n\nWho is Salman bin Abdulaziz? \n\nAfter Friday afternoon prayers at Riyadh's Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Grand Mosque, the body of Abdullah, wrapped in a pale shroud, was carried from the mosque toward a cemetery, followed by a solemn procession of Saudi men in traditional dress. \n\nHe was later laid to rest after a simple, swift ceremony. Those present at the graveside -- the royals closest to the late king -- were then to move on to a royal palace, where they were to pay their respects to the new monarch. \n\nThe ceremony of \"al Bayaah,\" or pledging of allegiance to the new king, followed the funeral. \n\nCondolences and remembrances poured in from all corners of the globe. \n\n\"To God we belong and indeed to him we shall return,\" said the homepage of the English-language Saudi newspaper Arab News. \n\nBahrain, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, among others, declared days of mourning. The U.N. secretary-general praised Abdullah for his Arab Peace Initiative to end the Arab-Israeli conflict. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden said he would lead a delegation \"in the coming days\" to pay respects. ", "question": "What illness did King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud suffer from?", "context": "King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud suffered from Pneumonia.", "based_on_pattern": "(King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud)-[SUFFERED_FROM]->(Pneumonia)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0036", "coqa_story": "The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger\u00e2\u20ac\u201cCongo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family. \n\nSimilarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific Ocean were first observed in 1706 by the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the comparative method to the Austronesian languages, but the first comprehensive and extensive study on the phonological history of the Austronesian language family including a reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian lexicon was made by the German linguist Otto Dempwolff. The term Austronesian itself was coined by Wilhelm Schmidt (German \"austronesisch\") which comes from Latin \"auster\" \"south wind\" plus Greek \"n\u00c3\u00aasos\" \"island\". The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one Austronesian language, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), is spoken by 250 million people, making it the 8th most spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries (see the list of major and official Austronesian languages).", "question": "Who was responsible for coining the term 'Austronesian Languages'?", "context": "Wilhelm Schmidt coined the term 'Austronesian Languages'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wilhelm Schmidt)-[COINED_TERM]->(Austronesian Languages)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0037", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine being a prisoner of your own body, unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot, based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown, can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental institution didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received s even Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates accomplish their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \" 90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "What is it based on?", "context": "My Left Foot is based on Christy Brown. Shine is based on David Helfgott. Stand And Deliver is based on Jaime Escalante.", "based_on_pattern": "(My Left Foot)-[based on]->(Christy Brown) || (Shine)-[based on]->(David Helfgott) || (Stand And Deliver)-[based on]->(Jaime Escalante)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0038", "coqa_story": "Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox. \n\nThe first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called \"The First Hundred Years.\" Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read. \n\nHub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention. \n\nIn 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter. \n\nSoon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Republican National Convention is located in Chicago. Chicago is located in Usa.", "based_on_pattern": "(Republican National Convention)-[located in]->(Chicago) || (Chicago)-[located in]->(Usa)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0039", "coqa_story": "\"Lizzie, there's a letter for you!\" Emily called up the stairs to her sister. Elizabeth looked down. \"Is it from Harvard? They refused my application once.\" Emily answered, \"No, it's from Yale.\" Quickly, Elizabeth walked downstairs. She took the letter and opened it. \"Rejected again,\" Elizabeth said unhappily. \"Who says women can't be doctors?\" \n\n\"They are fools not to accept you. You can't let them stop you, Lizzie,\" Emily said. \n\n\"I won't. I'll apply to Geneva Medical College,\" Elizabeth told her sister. As it turned out, the professors at Geneva Medical College were not fools. They allowed Elizabeth Blackwell to study medicine. \n\nIn 1848, a year before Elizabeth would graduate, a typhoid epidemic broke out in New York. Elizabeth wrote to Emily. \"There's an outbreak of typhoid, and I am going to help. It is dangerous, so if I should not survive, please do me the honor of studying medicine yourself.\" \n\nEmily replied, \"Encouraged by your dream and success, I have decided to study in medical school, as well.\" \n\nHaving survived the disease, Elizabeth tried to set up a private medical practice. \"I graduated first in my class but no one believes a woman can be a good doctor,\" she said to Emily one day. \"All I hear is that doctors should be men, while women should stay home to cook and clean.\" \n\nEmily said worriedly, \"I will graduate in June with my medical degree. What shall we do?\" Elizabeth thought for a while and replied, \"There's a big house in the poor part of our town. We can practice medicine there for people who couldn't afford care.\" \n\nSoon with the help of some friends, Elizabeth and Emily bought the house and opened a hospital for poor women and children. \"We'll have an all-women staff ,\" Elizabeth said. \"And later, we'll add a medical college for women!\" Emily added. At last, Elizabeth realized her dream of being a doctor.", "question": "Who is she the sister of?", "context": "Elizabeth Blackwell is the sister of Emily Blackwell. Emily Blackwell is the sister of Elizabeth Blackwell.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elizabeth Blackwell)-[is sister of]->(Emily Blackwell) || (Emily Blackwell)-[is sister of]->(Elizabeth Blackwell)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0040", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "Who were they interviewed by?", "context": "Latoya Jackson was interviewed by Daily Mail. William Bratton was interviewed by Cnn.", "based_on_pattern": "(Latoya Jackson)-[interviewed by]->(Daily Mail) || (William Bratton)-[interviewed by]->(Cnn)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0041", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "What was his nationality?", "context": "Bram Stoker had the nationality of Irish. Henry Irving had the nationality of British.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bram Stoker)-[has nationality]->(Irish) || (Henry Irving)-[has nationality]->(British)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0042", "coqa_story": "Los Angeles, California (CNN) -- A Los Angeles County grand jury has indicted the former city administrator of Vernon, California, an industrial city that borders scandal-plagued Bell, on three felony counts after an investigation into questionable business practices. \n\nCourt documents show that Donal O'Callaghan has been indicted on two counts of conflict of interest and a count of public officer crime related to the misappropriation of public funds. \n\nThe Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office says the counts against O'Callaghan, 54, involve an alleged misappropriation of more than $140,000. \n\n\"The law prevents public officials from making contracts the have a personal interest in and Mr. O'Callaghan made a contract that paid his wife money,\" said deputy District Attorney Max Huntsman. \"We're alleging he paid her more than $140,000.\" \n\nThe grand jury was looking into business deals between O'Callaghan and his wife, Kimberly McBride. \n\nAccording to Vernon city records, the city hired McBride in 2009 as a $40-per-hour consultant and for \"administrative account services.\" \n\n\"It's preposterous that he was indicted for the hiring of his wife, which was done with the knowledge and consent of the city attorney and the City Council of Vernon,\" defense lawyer Mark Werksman told CNN. \n\n\"We are seeing an overreaction and hysterical response to the scandal in neighboring Bell,\" he said. \"They are looking for examples of municipal government corruption behind every bush. But it isn't here.\" \n\nHuntsman disagreed with Werksman's contention. \n\n'I think it's a reaction to Vernon, which has a long history of criminal behavior by public officials. We heard complaints against Mister O'Callaghan, looked into the law and found a basis for the charges,\" Huntsman said. \"The fact that it coincides with criminal charges against officials in Bell has to do with raised public awareness about corruption in municipal governments.\" ", "question": "Who is their spouse?", "context": "Donal O'Callaghan is the spouse of Kimberly Mcbride. Kimberly Mcbride is the spouse of Donal O'Callaghan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Donal O'Callaghan)-[spouse of]->(Kimberly Mcbride) || (Kimberly Mcbride)-[spouse of]->(Donal O'Callaghan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0043", "coqa_story": "All antidepressant drugs are not created equal, according to the authors of one of the few studies that have ever systematically analyzed and compared \"new generation\" medicines for treating depression. \n\nWhat qualities are important in an anti-depressant? Efficacy? Tolerance? Side effects? Cost? \n\nIn the analysis of 12 drugs, two came out on top as the most effective and best tolerated as first-line treatments: sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) rounded out the top four for effectiveness, but venlafaxine was also among the four drugs patients were most likely to quit taking because of side effects. Reboxetine (Edronax) was less effective than the rest. \n\nWhile psychiatrists treating depressed patients every day have had a sense of which medications are best, the current study \"nails it,\" says Sagar V. Parikh, M.D., of the University of Toronto. Parikh, who wrote a comment accompanying the study that is published in the current issue of The Lancet, says the findings have \"enormous implications\" because, for the first time, they offer doctors an evidence-based, unbiased way to recommend treatment. And, he adds, they give patients a \"gold standard of reliable information,\" especially since the study's authors plan to make their findings available free on the Web. \n\nNot so fast, says Gerald Gartlehner, M.D., M.P.H., who coauthored a review of the benefits and risks of the same 12 drugs published last November in the Annals of Internal Medicine. He and his colleagues concluded, based on their review done while Gartlehner was at the RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina., that there was no clinically meaningful evidence that any one of the drugs was better than the rest. Instead, they argued, decisions on which drug to use should be based on factors such as cost and side effects. ", "question": "Which institution is Gerald Gartlehner affiliated with?", "context": "Gerald Gartlehner is affiliated with the Rti-Unc Evidence-Based Practice Center.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gerald Gartlehner)-[AFFILIATED_WITH]->(Rti-Unc Evidence-Based Practice Center)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0044", "coqa_story": "Connecting with Patients \n\nDr. Paris often treats several generations of a family over many years. \"He's seen us through two births, one operation, multiple earaches, a broken wrist and a recovery from a serious traffic crash,\" says Jill Farrow, a 43-year-old lawyer whose first visit to Dr. Paris was as a teenager. During the birth of her younger son, Farrow began bleeding badly. Dr. Paris managed to solve the problem in a delicate procedure. \"Twenty years ago, she probably would have died,\" he says. Today, when he performs school sports physical examinations for the Farrow boys, 10 and 11, he is always reminded that lives are changed forever by doctors just doing their jobs. \n\nTo be a mix of country doc and somewhat adventurer, the 55-year-old family physician moved to Hailey after completing his residency . He hoped to practice medicine there and ski at nearby Sun Valley. Unfortunately, the only job opening was for an emergency-room doctor in Missoula, Montana, 300 miles away. Dr. Paris took it. \"I'd ski all day and then drive all night to be in Missoula for a 48-hour shift,\" he recalls. \"I'm lucky to be alive.\" Knowing he couldn't keep up with his eight-hour commute , he began taking flying lessons. \n\nIn 1981, Dr. Paris joined a small medical practice in Hailey, a former mining town with a population at the time of 2,109. As Hailey grew in the shadow of Sun Valley's booming popularity, Dr. Paris's own practice expanded to seven physicians, including his wife, Kathryn Woods, who is also a family doctor. They met in 1986 at a certification exam in Denver when, in a room full of men in stodgy suits, Woods arrived wearing a Lycra biking outfit and carrying the front wheel of her bicycle (which she couldn't lock up outside). Dr. Paris asked her out on the spot. In 1989, they married.", "question": "Who are they married to?", "context": "Kathryn Woods is married to Dr. Paris. Dr. Paris is married to Kathryn Woods.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kathryn Woods)-[is married to]->(Dr. Paris) || (Dr. Paris)-[is married to]->(Kathryn Woods)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0045", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is Monica Inzer's professional role at Hamilton College?", "context": "Monica Inzer holds the position of Dean of Admission and Financial Aid at Hamilton College.", "based_on_pattern": "(Monica Inzer)-[DEAN_OF_ADMISSION_AND_FINANCIAL_AID_AT]->(Hamilton College)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0046", "coqa_story": "The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better. \n\nEleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like \"guy\" and \"you know\" now appear in research papers. \n\nProfessor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet. \n\nDavid Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past. \n\nErin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression. \n\nAnd what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them? \n\nErin Jansen said, \"I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating.\" \n\nBut Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language.", "question": "What is their opinion on it?", "context": "Eleanor Johnson has opinion on Text Messaging. Erin Jansen has opinion on Technology. David Crystal has opinion on The Internet.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eleanor Johnson)-[has opinion on]->(Text Messaging) || (Erin Jansen)-[has opinion on]->(Technology) || (David Crystal)-[has opinion on]->(The Internet)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0047", "coqa_story": "War Horseis a historical story by Michael Morpurgo. It is written for kids ages 8 to 12. Now just sit and get through the introduction to the plot. \n\nIn 1914, a young horse named Joey is sold to a farmer. The farmer' s son, Albert, is thrilled. He cares for Joey. When the family begins to feel the financial impact of war, Albert' s father secretly sells Joey to an army officer named Captain Nicholls. Albert begs the captain to let him join the army. Albert is too young, but Nicholls promises to take good care of Joey for him. \n\nNicholls treats Joey well. Though Joey still remembers Albert, he grows to like his new master. He develops a friendship with another horse, Topthorn., who belongs to Nicholls' friend, Captain Stewart. The horses and men are shipped overseas for battle. They soon face their own battle in France, and Captain Nicholls is killed. \n\nA young soldier named Warren becomes Joey's new owner. Joey and Topthorn do well in battle, but the Germans capture Warren and Stewart and their horses. The horses' duty of pulling carts full of wounded German soldiers earns them praise. An old farmer and his granddaughter, Emilie, _ the horses as well. When the German army moves out of the area, Emilie and her grandfather keep the two horses. Joey and Topthorn are content to work the farm until another band of soldiers takes them. They become workhorses under bad conditions. Joey is very upset when Topthorn dies of exhaustion. \n\nAlone and frightened, Joey wanders into \"no-man's-land\" between the German and English camps. An English soldier takes him back to camp. \n\nJoey is reunited with Albert. As the war ends, Albert' s officer announces the horses will be sold in France. An old Frenchman buys Joey. The man, Emilie' s grandfather, tells Albert how Emilie lost the will to live after the horses were taken. However, he eventually sells Joey to Albert for one penny, as long as Albert promises to share Emilie' s story so her life will not be in vain. Joey and Albert return home.", "question": "For which specific age group was the book 'War Horse' written?", "context": "The book 'War Horse' was written for kids ages 8 to 12.", "based_on_pattern": "(War Horse)-[WRITTEN_FOR]->(Kids Ages 8 To 12)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0048", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "Which high school did Dave Thomas graduate from?", "context": "Dave Thomas graduated from Coconut Greek High School.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dave Thomas)-[GRADUATED_FROM]->(Coconut Greek High School)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0049", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who was Rufus Johnson raised by?", "context": "Rufus Johnson was raised by his grandfather.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rufus Johnson)-[WAS_RAISED_BY]->(Rufus Johnson'S Grandfather)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0050", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II: The Jacobite Agent. \n\nSo twelve years passed. Ronald Leslie grew up a sturdy lad, full of fun and mischief in spite of the sober atmosphere of the bailie's house; and neither flogging at school nor lecturing at home appeared to have the slightest effect in reducing him to that state of sober tranquillity which was in Mrs. Anderson's eyes the thing to be most desired in boys. Andrew was less deeply shocked than his wife at the discovery of Ronald's various delinquencies, but his sense of order and punctuality was constantly outraged. He was, however, really fond of the lad; and even Mrs. Anderson, greatly as the boy's ways constantly disturbed and ruffled her, was at heart as fond of him as was her husband. She considered, and not altogether wrongly, that his wilderness, as she called it, was in no slight degree due to his association with her husband's brother. \n\nRonald looked forward to the periodical visits of the drover with intense longing. He was sure of a sympathetic listener in Malcolm, who listened with approval to the tales of the various scrapes into which he had got since his last visit; of how, instead of going to school, he had played truant and with another boy his own age had embarked in a fisherman's boat and gone down the river and had not been able to get back until next day; how he had played tricks upon his dominie, and had conquered in single combat the son of Councillor Duff, the butcher, who had spoken scoffing words at the Stuarts. Malcolm was, in fact, delighted to find, that in spite of repression and lectures his young charge was growing up a lad of spirit. He still hoped that some day Leslie might return, and he knew how horrified he would be were he to find that his son was becoming a smug and well conducted citizen. No small portion of his time on each of his visits to Glasgow Malcolm spent in training the boy in the use of arms. ", "question": "What is his occupation?", "context": "Malcolm has the occupation of Drover. Councillor Duff has the occupation of Butcher.", "based_on_pattern": "(Malcolm)-[has occupation]->(Drover) || (Councillor Duff)-[has occupation]->(Butcher)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0051", "coqa_story": "(EW) -- After four years off of the silver screen, James Bond made his triumphant return this weekend in \"Skyfall\" \u00e2\u20ac\u201d and the British spy's appeal was bigger than ever. \n\nThe action thriller grossed a truly massive $87.8 million in its first three days (and an additional $2.2 million during Thursday night previews), making its debut the very best in the Bond series' 23-film history \u00e2\u20ac\u201d by a huge margin. \n\n\"Skyfall\" shattered the previous opening weekend record for a Bond film, which was set in 2008 when \"Quantum of Solace\" bowed with $67.5 million. With the lucrative Thanksgiving holiday on the horizon and a straight \"A\" CinemaScore grade, it's likely that \"Skyfall\" will also become the first Bond movie to ever pass the $200 million mark at the domestic box office. (Of course, this is not accounting for inflation.) \n\nEW critics disagree on 'Skyfall' \n\n\"Skyfall's\" debut marks the seventh-best November opening weekend of all time \u00e2\u20ac\u201d behind two \"Twilight\" films and four \"Harry Potter\" titles \u00e2\u20ac\u201d and the film, which Sony and MGM spent about $200 million to make, garnered an impressive $25,050 per theater average from 3,505 theaters. \"Skyfall's\" per-theater average was even more impressive in IMAX locations, where the film found $13.1 million (15 percent of its weekend gross) from 320 screens, good for a $40,938 average. \n\nDaniel Craig, the sixth man to play Bond, has seen his popularity as the character surge since taking over the iconic role in 2006. His first Bond film, \"Casino Royale,\" debuted with $40.8 million on the way to a $167.4 million finish. Two years later, \"Quantum of Solace\" opened 65 percent higher with $67.5 million on the way to $168.5 million total. (Reception for the film was tepid, which is why its endurance at the box office was so much weaker than \"Casino Royale's.\") And now \"Skyfall\" has improved upon \"Quantum's\" opening weekend by 30 percent. At this rate, Craig's next turn as Bond (due in 2014) could garner well over $100 million in its debut frame. ", "question": "What was its total domestic gross?", "context": "Quantum Of Solace has total domestic gross $168.5 Million. Casino Royale has total domestic gross $167.4 Million.", "based_on_pattern": "(Quantum Of Solace)-[has total domestic gross]->($168.5 Million) || (Casino Royale)-[has total domestic gross]->($167.4 Million)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0052", "coqa_story": "Wide awake in Aunt Bet's Southern house, Annie Van Lew shivered at the sounds of distant guns. It was bad enough that America was at war, but the young Virginia girl was not used to battles being fought this close. _ .Annie sat up in bed and listened.Had a stranger broken in? Earlier, the family had heard that captured officers recently escaped from a prison nearby. \n\nQuietly opening her bedroom door, Annie walked out. A figure in a black gown was walking down the hall. It was Aunt Bet, carrying a candle in one hand and a plate of fried chicken in the other. \n\nAnnie followed her aunt to a stairway at the far end of the house. Aunt Bet climbed to the top, and opened a door leading to the attic . Annie followed closely behind. \n\nIn the attic, Aunt Bet stopped at a chest of drawers, moved it aside, and felt along the wall behind it. Slowly a door sprang open, revealing a hidden room. A thin man stepped out of the opening. As Aunt Bet handed him the plate of food, the young man saw Annie in the doorway and froze. \n\nDesperately shaking her head \"no\", the girl raised one finger to her lips. The officer understood and shifted his look. Quickly Annie went back downstairs and hid, waiting until after Aunt Bet left to return. Back inside the attic,Annie called softly to the man inside, who told her where to find the hidden spring. \n\nSoon the young officer stood in the open doorway. A small candle burned on a table behind him and, in its soft light, Annie studied his face. Clear eyes reflected the calm of one who faced death bravely. \n\nSmiling, he said,\"What trouble you should have gotten into if your aunt had turned around!\" That night, Annie learned Aunt Bet was one of many daring Southerners whose hatred of slavery drove them to risk their lives by spying for the North. The girl chatted as she dared, wishing her new friend luck when he said he would leave at dawn. \n\nBack in her room, Annie felt proud and was determined to guard her family's secret to the end.", "question": "What does it have as a part?", "context": "Aunt Bet'S Southern House has part Attic. Attic has part Hidden Room.", "based_on_pattern": "(Aunt Bet'S Southern House)-[has part]->(Attic) || (Attic)-[has part]->(Hidden Room)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0053", "coqa_story": "As weather cools across the United States, a growing number of Americans visit farms. They harvest fruits, enjoy hay wagon rides and walk in the fields. These people are called \"agri-tourists.\" They improve the economy of rural areas and help farmers increase their profits. \n\nSchool children are walking in a corn field _ . The corn is cut into tricky passageways that make it difficult to find a way out. The children are from Yorktown Elementary School in Bowie Maryland. They have traveled to Montpelier Farms in Prince George's County which is also in Maryland. The farm is about 40 kilometers from The White House. \n\nDebbie Pierson is the student's teacher. \"We go on these kind of field trips so that the children will have a hands-on experience of what it's like to be on a farm,\" Pierson said. \n\nIn Loudoun County Virginia, there are farms where grapes are grown for use in making wine. Many of the farms let people visit, and drink the wine that is made there. Bill Hatch owns the Zephaniah Farm Vineyard. He holds wine tastings in his home. \"We are doubling the number of visitors to our farm every year. We have an average of 250 people on a weekend,\" Hatch said. \n\nAs more people visit farms, more farmers are adding activities in which visitors can take part. \n\nMalcolm Baldwin owns WeatherLea Farm and Vineyard in Loudoun County. Six years ago, he began letting people be married at his farm. They can also sleep at the farm overnight. Mr. Baldwin says the money he makes from these activities let him keep his small farm operating. \"But without the animals, and without the vines, the wedding business wouldn't be as profitable , because people like to see the vines. They like to see the animals and without which I don't think this will be a popular place,\" Baldwin said.", "question": "Who is the owner of Zephaniah Farm Vineyard?", "context": "Bill Hatch is the owner of Zephaniah Farm Vineyard.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bill Hatch)-[OWNS]->(Zephaniah Farm Vineyard)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0054", "coqa_story": "Long ago, Bluebird's feathers were the colour of dust. She did not like her ugly colour. She was attracted by the colour of the lake near her home. It was as blue as the sky after a storm. Bluebird wanted to be the colour of that beautiful lake very much. Flapping her wings one morning, Bluebird flew from her tree to the blue lake. Then she bathed in the water three times. After each bath, she sang, \"Blue water. Still water. I went in. I am blue.\" Bluebird repeated this every morning. On the third day, she came out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Now Coyote was a trickster --and hungry too. He stayed behind Bluebird's tree for a long time every day and watched her go to the lake. He pretended to be interested in everything she did. He wanted Bluebird for lunch, but he was afraid of the blue water. On the third morning, Coyote saw Bluebird come out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Impressed, he sat next to Bluebird's tree and waited for her. When she returned, he asked, \"How did you get blue feathers? I want to be blue like the mountains too.\" Bluebird didn't believe Coyote, but she taught him how to bathe three times each morning and how to sing her song. Coyote did what she said, and after three days of bathing in the lake, his white fur turned deep blue. Convinced that blue fur was even more beautiful than blue feathers, Coyote forgot all about being hungry. He ran as fast as he could to the top of the hill. Standing on his back legs, he raised his front legs off the ground and howled. But Coyote slipped and rolled down the hill. He couldn't stop himself, and the dust and dirt covered his new blue fur. He rolled and rolled until he hit into Bluebird's tree heavily. No matter how much he tried, foolish Coyote could not shake the dust from his fur. And so the fur of all coyotes had the dull colour of dust to this very day.", "question": "What was its color?", "context": "The Fur had the color White. The Feathers had the color Dust.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fur)-[had color]->(White) || (Feathers)-[had color]->(Dust)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0055", "coqa_story": "Simply by analyzing a drop of blood, a doctor will be able to diagnose a birth defect or even cancer when it is in the early stage; using new technology, a material lighter but much stronger than steel can be produced. \n\nThese may sound like dreams at present. But the dreams may soon come true as research findings in laboratories are being turned into products more rapidly in the new century, according to experts participating in the fourth Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Technomart, a technology exhibition and trade fair in Suzhou. \n\n\"Most people think nano-technology is too far-fetched to be real. But in fact nano-technology has been applied in a wide range of fields, such as medicine. It is coming into our daily life,\" said Cheng Jiachong from a Hong Kong-based nano-technology firm. \n\nNano-technology based on the nanometer, the unit of which is a billionth of a meter, enables scientists to have new concepts of disease diagnosis and treatment on a molecular and atomic scale, Cheng said. \n\nBy using nanometer particles, a doctor can separate the fetus cells from the blood of a pregnant woman to see if the development of the fetus is normal. This method is also being used in the early diagnosis of cancer and heart disease, he said. \n\nOne of the most significant impacts of nano-technology is at the bio-inorganic materials interface, according to Greg Tegart, executive advisor of the APEC Center for Technology Foresight. \n\n\"By combining enzymes and silicon chips we can produce biosensors. These could be implanted in humans or animals to monitor health and to deliver corrective doses of drugs,\" he told the participants a technology forum during the exhibition. \n\n\"Nano-technology could affect the production of nearly every man-made object, from automobiles, tires and computer circuits , to advanced medicines and tissue replacement, and lead to the invention of objects yet to be imagined,\" said David Minns, a special advisor to the National Research Council of Canada. \n\nIt has been shown that carbon nano-tubes are ten times as strong as steel, with one sixth of the weight, and nano-scale systems have the potential to make supersonic transport cost- effective and to increase computer efficiency by millions of times, he said. \n\nThe experts agreed that the APEC technology exhibition and trade fair provided many chances for exchanges of innovative ideas and products.", "question": "How does the weight of Carbon Nano-Tubes compare to the weight of Steel?", "context": "Carbon Nano-Tubes have one-sixth the weight of Steel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Carbon Nano-Tubes)-[HAS_ONE_SIXTH_THE_WEIGHT_OF]->(Steel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0056", "coqa_story": "A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office,a street urchin was walking around the shining car.\"Is this your car,Paul?\"he asked. \n\nPaul answered,\"Yes,my brother gave it to me for Christmas.\" The boy was surprised.\"You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing?Boy,I wish...\" He hesitated. \n\nOf course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly. \n\n\"I wish,\" the boy went on,\"that I could be a brother like that.\" Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, \"Would you like to take a ride in my car?\" \n\n\"Oh yes,I'd love that.\" \n\nAfter a short ride,the boy turned and with his eyes shining,said,\"Paul,would you mind driving in front of my house?\" \n\nPaul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. \"Will you stop where those two steps are?\" the boy asked. \n\nHe ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car. \n\n\"There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it...then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.\" \n\nPaul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride. \n\n:urchin hesitate neighbour crippled cent", "question": "For what occasion was the Expensive Car intended as a present?", "context": "The Expensive Car was intended as a present for Christmas.", "based_on_pattern": "(Expensive Car)-[IS_PRESENT_FOR]->(Christmas)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0057", "coqa_story": "Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities. This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed] \n\nFrom 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed, causing nearly 4,000 deaths within the Merseyside area during the war. The North Sea port of Hull, a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets, was subjected to 86 raids in the Hull Blitz during the war, with a conservative estimate of 1,200 civilians killed and 95 percent of its housing stock destroyed or damaged. Other ports including Bristol, Cardiff, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Southampton and Swansea were also bombed, as were the industrial cities of Birmingham, Belfast, Coventry, Glasgow, Manchester and Sheffield. Birmingham and Coventry were chosen because of the Spitfire and tank factories in Birmingham and the many munitions factories in Coventry. The city centre of Coventry was almost destroyed, as was Coventry Cathedral.", "question": "To what extent was Coventry Cathedral damaged?", "context": "Coventry Cathedral was almost destroyed.", "based_on_pattern": "(Coventry Cathedral)-[WAS_DAMAGED]->(Almost Destroyed)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0058", "coqa_story": "Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables. Analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation. \n\nA \"cable channel\" (sometimes known as a \"cable network\") is a television network available via cable television. When available through satellite television, including direct broadcast satellite providers such as DirecTV, Dish Network and BSkyB, as well as via IPTV providers such as Verizon FIOS and AT&T U-verse is referred to as a \"satellite channel\". Alternative terms include \"non-broadcast channel\" or \"programming service\", the latter being mainly used in legal contexts. Examples of cable/satellite channels/cable networks available in many countries are HBO, MTV, Cartoon Network, E!, Eurosport and CNN International. \n\nThe abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood for \"Community Access Television\" or \"Community Antenna Television\", from cable television's origins in 1948. In areas where over-the-air TV reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large \"community antennas\" were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. The origins of cable \"broadcasting\" for radio are even older as radio programming was distributed by cable in some European cities as far back as 1924.", "question": "What is it transmitted through?", "context": "Radio Frequency (Rf) Signals is transmitted through Coaxial Cables. Light Pulses is transmitted through Fiber-Optic Cables.", "based_on_pattern": "(Radio Frequency (Rf) Signals)-[transmitted through]->(Coaxial Cables) || (Light Pulses)-[transmitted through]->(Fiber-Optic Cables)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0059", "coqa_story": "In 2004, three young men went to a dinner party in San Francisco. Afterward ,they wanted to share a video from the party with their friends. They wanted to send it over the Internet. But at the time, the process of sharing videos that way was difficult. Using e-mail did not work and the friends complained that there, was no website to help them. So they created their own. They called their website YouTube. It made sharing videos easy, so the website soon became very popular. People watched 2.500 million videos in the first six months! Today, more than 70,000 new videos go up on YouTube each day. People watch more than 1,000 million videos a day. Many last no more than 10 minutes. These videos show all kinds of things, from sleeping cats to earthquakes. Most of the filmmakers are not professionals. They are just everyday people making videos, and they use the website in many interesting ways. First many people use YouTube to entertain others. One example is Judson Laipply. He made a funny dance video and put it on YouTube in 2006. People watched the video more than 10 million times in the first two weeks. Now people stop Judson on the street to ask, \"Are you the dance guy on Youtube?\" Some people have invited him to dance at their parties. A few women even asked to marry him. Judson wants to make more dance videos, and people look forward to seeing them. Other people use YouTube to advertise a business. David Taub does this. He is a guitar teacher and he sells videos of guitar lessons on his own website. He wanted to increase his business, so he put short videos with free lessons on YouTube. People enjoyed watching the lessons on YouTube, and afterward, many decided to go to David's own website. Now David sells hundreds of guitar lesson videos each week. People also use YouTube to help others. Ryan Fitzgerald is one example. Ryan is friendly young man who knows that some people are lonely and have no one to talk to. One day, he made a video of himself for YouTube. In the video, he gave his phone number and invited people to call him. In less than a week, he had more than 5,000 calls and messages from all over the world. These days, he is very busy talking on the phone. He helps people when he can, but mostly, he just listens, like a friend. Finally, some filmmakers use YouTube in a more serious way. They want to inform people about important events happening in the world. For example, they show clips of videos from countries at war, or they show people in need of help after a storm. Sometimes TV news shows do not give enough information about these events. Thanks to YouTube filmmakers, people can go to their computers and learn more. For many people, YouTube is more than just another website to visit. It is a way to communicate with others. More and more people are using it every day, and they will probably find even more ways to use it.", "question": "For what purpose do filmmakers use YouTube, based on the information provided?", "context": "Filmmakers use YouTube to inform people.", "based_on_pattern": "(Filmmakers)-[USES_TO_INFORM]->(Youtube)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0060", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- If George Orwell and Lucille Ball had a love child, his name would be Stephen Colbert. \n\nIn the last century, the great critics of corrupt political language were British authors who wrote dystopian novels. In \"1984,\" Orwell described a totalitarian society in which meaningless political language, dubbed Newspeak, veiled horrible truths. \n\nEarlier, In \"Brave New World,\" Aldous Huxley described toddlers conditioned in laboratories to be afraid of books. And in \"A Clockwork Orange,\" Anthony Burgess imagined a world in which ultraviolent teens rampaged in a distinctive English-Russian patois that defined their alienation from society and authority. \n\nNow in the 21st century, there is Colbert's \"truthiness\" -- political half-truths, quarter-truths and what the website Politifact describes as \"Pants-on-Fire\" prevarications. \n\nOn his Comedy Central show, \"The Colbert Report,\" he introduced \"The Word,\" a regular deconstruction of language contortion designed, in Orwell's notion, to defend the indefensible. (One example: \"A Perfect World,\" as in, journalists should demand to investigate torture, but it's not a perfect world.) \n\nIt's sharp political humor and a canny critique of American culture, language and iconography. And it's helped the comic emerge as this nation's court jester, licensed by the youthful cable TV audience to speak truth to power. \n\nSuch is Colbert's power and influence that he has been invited to testify before Congress today on the issue of illegal immigration -- and to testify in character. It's as if the Congress of the Eisenhower years invited Harpo Marx to offer testimony by beeping his bicycle horn. \n\nColbert has long been on to something important about the nature of our political discourse at the beginning of a new postmodern millennium: that ideology has become the lens through which Americans found their particular truth, let the evidence be damned. ", "question": "What famous novel did he write?", "context": "Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World. Anthony Burgess wrote A Clockwork Orange. George Orwell wrote 1984.", "based_on_pattern": "(Aldous Huxley)-[wrote]->(Brave New World) || (Anthony Burgess)-[wrote]->(A Clockwork Orange) || (George Orwell)-[wrote]->(1984)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0061", "coqa_story": "Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew . And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency. \n\nCharles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection. \n\nFrenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine. \n\nAmerican inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe's machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines. \n\nIsaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer's hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical. It could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals. \n\nHowever, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement . Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties . In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.", "question": "What did he patent?", "context": "Charles Wiesenthal patented the Double-Pointed Needle. Elias Howe patented the Lockstitch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Wiesenthal)-[patented]->(Double-Pointed Needle) || (Elias Howe)-[patented]->(Lockstitch)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0062", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER III--SOAMES PREPARES TO TAKE STEPS \n\nWhen Soames entered his sister's little Louis Quinze drawing-room, with its small balcony, always flowered with hanging geraniums in the summer, and now with pots of Lilium Auratum, he was struck by the immutability of human affairs. It looked just the same as on his first visit to the newly married Darties twenty-one years ago. He had chosen the furniture himself, and so completely that no subsequent purchase had ever been able to change the room's atmosphere. Yes, he had founded his sister well, and she had wanted it. Indeed, it said a great deal for Winifred that after all this time with Dartie she remained well-founded. From the first Soames had nosed out Dartie's nature from underneath the plausibility, savoir faire, and good looks which had dazzled Winifred, her mother, and even James, to the extent of permitting the fellow to marry his daughter without bringing anything but shares of no value into settlement. \n\nWinifred, whom he noticed next to the furniture, was sitting at her Buhl bureau with a letter in her hand. She rose and came towards him. Tall as himself, strong in the cheekbones, well tailored, something in her face disturbed Soames. She crumpled the letter in her hand, but seemed to change her mind and held it out to him. He was her lawyer as well as her brother. \n\nSoames read, on Iseeum Club paper, these words: \n\n'You will not get chance to insult in my own again. I am leaving country to-morrow. It's played out. I'm tired of being insulted by you. You've brought on yourself. No self-respecting man can stand it. I shall not ask you for anything again. Good-bye. I took the photograph of the two girls. Give them my love. I don't care what your family say. It's all their doing. I'm going to live new life. 'M.D.' ", "question": "Who is he the father of?", "context": "James is the father of Winifred. Dartie is the father of The Two Girls.", "based_on_pattern": "(James)-[father of]->(Winifred) || (Dartie)-[father of]->(The Two Girls)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0063", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "What special ability does Sookie Stackhouse have?", "context": "Sookie Stackhouse has the ability to be telepathic.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sookie Statckhouse)-[HAS_ABILITY]->(Telepathic)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0064", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI.--The Night of Adventures. \n\nA cold March wind whistled and yelled round the twisted chimneys of the _Hit or Miss_. The day had been a trial to every sense. First there would come a long-drawn distant moan, a sigh like that of a querulous woman; then the sigh grew nearer and became a shriek, as if the same woman were working herself up into a passion; and finally a gust of rainy hail, mixed with dust and small stones, was dashed, like a parting insult, on the windows of the _Hit or Miss_. \n\nThen the shriek died away again into a wail and a moan, and so _da capo_. \n\n\"Well, Eliza, what do you do now that the pantomime season is over?\" said Barton to Miss Gullick, who was busily dressing a doll, as she perched on the table in the parlor of the _Hit or Miss_. \n\nBarton occasionally looked into the public-house, partly to see that Maitland's investment was properly managed, partly because the place was near the scene of his labors; not least, perhaps, because he had still an unacknowledged hope that light on the mystery of Margaret would come from the original centre of the troubles. \n\n\"I'm in no hurry to take an engagement,\" answered the resolute Eliza, holding up and examining her doll. It was a fashionable doll, in a close-fitting tweed ulster, which covered a perfect panoply of other female furniture, all in the latest mode. As the child worked, she looked now and then at the illustrations in a journal of the fashions. \"There's two or three managers in treaty with me,\" said Eliza. \"There's the _Follies and Frivolities_ down Norwood way, and the _Varieties_ in the 'Ammersmith Road. Thirty shillings a week and my dresses, that's what I ask for, and I'll get it too! Just now I'm taking a vacation, and making an honest penny with these things,\" and she nodded at a little basket full of the wardrobe of dolls. ", "question": "Whose investment is managed by Barton?", "context": "Barton manages Maitland's investment.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barton)-[MANAGES_INVESTMENT_OF]->(Maitland)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0065", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV \n\nTHE PLACE CALLED CALIFANO \n\nThere is no mistake about it, Alvina was a lost girl. She was cut off from everything she belonged to. Ovid isolated in Thrace might well lament. The soul itself needs its own mysterious nourishment. This nourishment lacking, nothing is well. \n\nAt Pescocalascio it was the mysterious influence of the mountains and valleys themselves which seemed always to be annihilating the Englishwoman: nay, not only her, but the very natives themselves. Ciccio and Pancrazio clung to her, essentially, as if she saved them also from extinction. It needed all her courage. Truly, she had to support the souls of the two men. \n\nAt first she did not realize. She was only stunned with the strangeness of it all: startled, half-enraptured with the terrific beauty of the place, half-horrified by its savage annihilation of her. But she was stunned. The days went by. \n\nIt seems there are places which resist us, which have the power to overthrow our psychic being. It seems as if every country has its potent negative centres, localities which savagely and triumphantly refuse our living culture. And Alvina had struck one of them, here on the edge of the Abruzzi. \n\nShe was not in the village of Pescocalascio itself. That was a long hour's walk away. Pancrazio's house was the chief of a tiny hamlet of three houses, called Califano because the Califanos had made it. There was the ancient, savage hole of a house, quite windowless, where Pancrazio and Ciccio's mother had been born: the family home. Then there was Pancrazio's villa. And then, a little below, another newish, modern house in a sort of wild meadow, inhabited by the peasants who worked the land. Ten minutes' walk away was another cluster of seven or eight houses, where Giovanni lived. But there was no shop, no post nearer than Pescocalascio, an hour's heavy road up deep and rocky, wearying tracks. ", "question": "What characteristic is associated with Alvina?", "context": "Alvina has the characteristic of being a Lost Girl.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alvina)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(Lost Girl)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0066", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "What is their nationality?", "context": "Three Pakistani Paramilitary Soldiers are from Pakistan. Indian Soldier is from India.", "based_on_pattern": "(Three Pakistani Paramilitary Soldiers)-[nationality]->(Pakistan) || (Indian Soldier)-[nationality]->(India)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0067", "coqa_story": "In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on\" said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. \"Too little sleep and more accidents,\" he said. \n\nSadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development. \n\n\"When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. \" Sadeh said. \"Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it's more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. \" \n\nIn earlier studies, Sadeh's team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours. \n\n\"Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious. \n\n\"A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,\" Hunt said. \"And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. \"Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance. \n\n\"This is an important extension of what we already know, \" Hunt said of Sadeh's research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition and exercise to good health. \n\n\"To put it into reality,\" Hunt said, \"parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. \"", "question": "How long do they sleep for?", "context": "Sixth Grader sleeps for 7.7 Hours. Fourth Grader sleeps for 8.2 Hours.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sixth Grader)-[sleeps for]->(7.7 Hours) || (Fourth Grader)-[sleeps for]->(8.2 Hours)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0068", "coqa_story": "No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer. \n\nOne of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah. \n\nThey did not find much long-term \"organizational learning\" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them. \n\nThe study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites--and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights. \n\nIn two thousand two, a piece of insulating material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success. \n\nThen, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes. \n\nProfessor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past. \n\nHe advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal. \n\nThe mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly. \n\nFabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me \"Did you try plugging it'? I'm just dusting, Mum!\"So she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes! \n\nBruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in hispocket. He wrote: I always promise I will never do it again, but after-a few weeks,where is mywallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place.", "question": "Where does he work?", "context": "Vinit Desai works at University Of Colorado Denver Business School. Peter Madsen works at Marriott School Of Management At Brigham Young University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vinit Desai)-[works at]->(University Of Colorado Denver Business School) || (Peter Madsen)-[works at]->(Marriott School Of Management At Brigham Young University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0069", "coqa_story": "London (CNN) -- It's a scene straight out of Cinderella: a princess in her royal wedding dress, riding in a horse-drawn carriage through majestic streets. \n\nThat's just what Kate Middleton may look like on her wedding day next month. Buckingham Palace announced Tuesday that a century-old gold-trimmed royal carriage will carry the new princess and her prince, William, from Westminster Abbey through central London to the palace. \n\nThe same carriage -- called the 1902 State Landau -- has carried previous royal brides on their wedding days. William's mother, Lady Diana Spencer, rode in it in 1981 after her marriage to Prince Charles, and Sarah Ferguson traveled in it five years later after she wed Prince Andrew. \n\nIt was specifically built for King Edward VII in 1902 to be used at his coronation, and it remains the most-used carriage in the Royal Mews, usually used these days by Queen Elizabeth II when she meets foreign heads of state. \n\nIt is an open-top carriage, so if it rains, the new royal couple will instead travel in the enclosed Glass Coach, another historic carriage, the palace announced. \n\nThe Glass Coach was built in 1881 and purchased for use at King George V's coronation in 1911. Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson used it on their way to their weddings, along with three other brides: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who married the future King George VI in 1923; Princess Alexandra in 1963; and Princess Anne in 1973. \n\nThe wedding procession will take in some of central London's most famous sights. After leaving the abbey, it will pass the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the prime minister's residence at Downing Street, the Horse Guards Parade and the Mall: the long avenue that stretches from Trafalgar Square past St. James's Park, straight to Buckingham Palace. ", "question": "For whose coronation was the Glass Coach purchased?", "context": "The Glass Coach was purchased for the coronation of King George V.", "based_on_pattern": "(Glass Coach)-[PURCHASED_FOR_CORONATION_OF]->(King George V)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0070", "coqa_story": "An organic compound is virtually any chemical compound that contains carbon, although a consensus definition remains elusive and likely arbitrary. Organic compounds are rare terrestrially, but of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. The most basic petrochemicals are considered the building blocks of organic chemistry. \n\nFor historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds, such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon (for example, CO and CO), and cyanides are considered inorganic. The distinction between \"organic and inorganic\" carbon compounds, while \"useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry... is somewhat arbitrary\". \n\nOrganic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation. \n\nFor many centuries, Western physicians and chemists believed in vitalism. This was the widespread conception that substances found in organic nature are created from the chemical elements by the action of a \"vital force\" or \"life-force\" (\"vis vitalis\") that only living organisms possess. Vitalism taught that these \"organic\" compounds were fundamentally different from the \"inorganic\" compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulations. \n\nVitalism survived for a while even after the rise of modern ideas about the atomic theory and chemical elements. It first came under question in 1824, when Friedrich W\u00c3\u00b6hler synthesized oxalic acid, a compound known to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen. A more decisive experiment was W\u00c3\u00b6hler's 1828 synthesis of urea from the inorganic salts potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate. Urea had long been considered an \"organic\" compound, as it was known to occur only in the urine of living organisms. W\u00c3\u00b6hler's experiments were followed by many others, in which increasingly complex \"organic\" substances were produced from \"inorganic\" ones without the involvement of any living organism.", "question": "What does it occur in?", "context": "Oxalic Acid occurs in Living Organisms. Urea occurs in Urine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oxalic Acid)-[occurs in]->(Living Organisms) || (Urea)-[occurs in]->(Urine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0071", "coqa_story": "prefix = st1 /PITTSBURGH, Sept. 7 -- At 26, many people haven't even decided on a career. Luke Ravenstahl, cashing in on his family's political tradition, is already the mayor of Pittsburgh, the youngest mayor of any major city in the country. Although mayors elsewhere have been younger, Jeff Dunkel was 18 in 2001 when he was elected mayor of Mount Carbon, small towns inNew York, and elsewhere have also elected teenagers as mayors. But,Tallahassee, is the only other city with a population over 100,000 that has had a mayor as young as Mr. Ravenstahl. A supporter of Mr. Ravenstahl said concerns about Mr. Ravenstahl's age would _ once the city saw his work ethic. But now comes the hard part. As he strives to be taken seriously and take charge of a city only recently back from the brink of bankruptcy, the baby-faced mayor said that even the smallest decisions felt weighty, even what to wear in the Steelers game matters. And another pressing issue is to strengthen the city's economy. Pittsburghhas lost all its mills, nearly half its population and much of its downtown commercial district in the last several decades. \"ButPittsburghhas 50,000 college students, and our challenge is to figure out how to retain them and to increase downtown development.\" He said. But one of the biggest uncertainties is how long he will remain in office. According to the city charter, Mayor Ravenstahl's term will not expire until November 2009. Some city lawyers, however, have argued that he must face the electorate next year. And residents in Pittsburghare still withholding judgment on him. Deli, Jimmy Cvetic, a sandwich shop owner, said \"I call him Cool Hand Luke. He'll be all right, but he's going to need a cool hand to get through this.\" Mayor Ravenstahl said he was still coming to terms with the challenge he faced.", "question": "Who is the mayor of the city of Pittsburgh?", "context": "Luke Ravenstahl is the mayor of Pittsburgh.", "based_on_pattern": "(Luke Ravenstahl)-[MAYOR_OF]->(Pittsburgh)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0072", "coqa_story": "Charles I (19 November 1600\u00c2\u00a0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c 30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. \n\nCharles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the English, Irish, and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead. \n\nAfter his succession, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church ecclesiastics, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.", "question": "Who was he the brother of?", "context": "Charles I was the brother of Henry Frederick, Prince Of Wales. Henry Frederick, Prince Of Wales was the brother of Charles I.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles I)-[brother of]->(Henry Frederick, Prince Of Wales) || (Henry Frederick, Prince Of Wales)-[brother of]->(Charles I)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0073", "coqa_story": "Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country. It spans approximately and has a population of 45.7 million (as of 2009). The capital of the province is Kunming, formerly also known as Yunnan. The province borders the Chinese provinces Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the countries Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. \n\nYunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17,000 or more. Yunnan's reserves of aluminium, lead, zinc and tin are the largest in China, and there are also major reserves of copper and nickel. \n\nThe Han Empire first recorded diplomatic relations with the province at the end of the 2nd century BC. It became the seat of a Sino-Tibetan-speaking kingdom of Nanzhao in the 8th century AD. Nanzhao was multi-ethnic, but the elite most-likely spoke a northern dialect of Yi. The Mongols conquered the region in the 13th century, with local control exercised by warlords until the 1930s. From the Yuan dynasty onward, the area was part of a central-government sponsored population movement towards the Southwestern frontier, with 2 major waves of migrants arriving from Han-majority areas in northern and southeast China. As with other parts of China's southwest, Japanese occupation in the north during World War II forced another migration of majority Han people into the region. These two waves of migration contributed to Yunnan being one of the most ethnically diverse provinces of China, with ethnic minorities accounting for about 34 percent of its total population. Major ethnic groups include Yi, Bai, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Miao.", "question": "What is its plant diversity?", "context": "Yunnan has a plant diversity of 17,000, and the People'S Republic Of China has a plant diversity of 30,000 Species Of Higher Plants.", "based_on_pattern": "(Yunnan)-[has plant diversity]->(17,000) || (People'S Republic Of China)-[has plant diversity]->(30,000 Species Of Higher Plants)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0074", "coqa_story": "The wedding between Prince Wiliam and Kate Middleton on April 29 has focused the world's camera lenses on the UK. \n\nIn Britain, there is a constant debate about the relevance of the royal family to modern British society. However, Windsor (the family name of the British Royal Family) and Middleton have been seen to represent a more modern, forward-looking nation. \n\nNigel Baker, the British ambassador to Bolivia, believes that the royal wedding is \"about modern Britain\". \"The estimated 2 billion spectators across the world will see that Britain is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse nations in the world, home to 270 nationalities speaking 300 different languages, founded on tolerance and respect for difference,\" wrote Baker on his blog. \n\nAccording to Baker, the wedding could help viewers to see \"why Britain is one of the most dynamic and creative countries in the world\": The television on which most people watched the event was invented by John Logie Baird, a Briton, and the World Wide Web that broadcast the event to millions more was invented by another Briton, Tim Berners-Lee. \n\nThe guests who attended the wedding ceremony gave more than a few clues as to the nature of modern Britain. David and Victoria Beckham represent Britain's obsession with football and celebrity. \n\nLeaders from different religious backgrounds supported Baker's comments on the multicultural nature of modern British society. \n\nBefore the wedding, David Elliott, arts director of the British Council China, agreed that the wedding would be a showcase for modern Britain: \"I think, and hope, that it (modern British influence) would be values like openness, multiculturalism, creativity, sense of humor and the traditional British sense of fair play,\" he said. \n\nFurthermore, events such as the Olympics in London in 2012 may also increase people's sense of Britishness. \n\nAccording to a poll published in Daily Telegraph, more than a third of people in the UK admitted they felt \"very British\" when watching the Olympics.", "question": "What did he invent?", "context": "Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. John Logie Baird invented the Television.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tim Berners-Lee)-[invented]->(World Wide Web) || (John Logie Baird)-[invented]->(Television)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0075", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- President James K. Polk holds a distinction among those who have sought the nation's top job: He's the only major candidate to win the White House despite losing the vote in the state where he was born and the state where he lived. \n\nIt happened in 1844, and now 168 years later, Republican nominee Mitt Romney may need to duplicate Polk's feat if he wants to defeat President Barack Obama in Tuesday's election. \n\nAccording to polls, Romney faces the prospect of losing both the state of his birth, Michigan, and the state where he lives and served as governor, Massachusetts. \n\nCNN Polling Center \n\nObama holds a double digit lead in Massachusetts, but the race is closer in Michigan, with the polls tightening, though the president remains in front. \n\nUnder the Electoral College system, each state is worth a certain number of electoral votes based on population. There are a total of 538 electoral votes available, meaning 270 are required to win. \n\nRomney has many plausible paths to victory on Tuesday without winning Michigan or Massachusetts. \n\nYet the prospect that he might lose either or both raises the question of how many other presidential candidates in U.S. history also were unable to win their birth or home states? \n\nWinners who overcame the loss of a state with strong personal ties included Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon and both George H.W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush. \n\nNew national poll shows Obama, Romney virtually tied \n\nHonest Abe won his home state of Illinois, but lost his birth state of Kentucky in both of his presidential runs in 1860 and 1864. In 1968, Nixon won his birth state of California, where he also ran unsuccessfully as governor, but lost his home state of New York, where he had been working as a lawyer for a few years. ", "question": "Where was he born?", "context": "Mitt Romney was born in Michigan. Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky. Richard Nixon was born in California.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mitt Romney)-[born in]->(Michigan) || (Abraham Lincoln)-[born in]->(Kentucky) || (Richard Nixon)-[born in]->(California)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0076", "coqa_story": "The connection shared by grandparents and grandchildren is something very special and despite the changing family situation, it still remains strong across generations. For most of us, our grandparents were our first best friends, the ones with whom we shared our secrets and our pain. \n\nIn majority of the cases, grandparents would have babysat their grandchildren while parents were busy working and didn't have much time for their children. Even as a kid grows up, the love and affection for grandparents never dies, and for many teens, visiting grandparents or living with them in the same house is a pleasure. Kedar Patwary, a mass communication student, says, \"I often end up having long conversations with my grandfather about the evolution of Indian society and I really admire him for the patience with which he answers all my questions. \" \n\nMany teenagers feel that their parents treat them as grown-ups, while their grandparents give them much freedom. \n\nLeela Narayanan, a grandmother. says that she loves to \n\nher grandchildren and cook favorite dishes for them. She further adds that her eldest granddaughter, who is now 19, was brought up by her till she was four and the closeness they shared remains the same even now. \n\nAt times, the gap m generations plays a negative role, when grandparents find it difficult adjusting to the modern lifestyle. Technology is what works against this relationship. Youngsters' eing crazy about with gadgets leaves them with no time for their loved ones. \n\nMaria Kutty, is a grandmother t0 12 kids. Her face lights up every time her grandchildren are mentioned. But she has one complaint. \"All my children stay close to me but when they come to visit and I want to spend time with them, I can't find them anywhere. They only have time for clickety-clackety things in their hands. Sometimes they listen to loud music and talk about things I don't understand. I feel very sad when I think of all those times,\" she says.", "question": "What subject does Kedar Patwary discuss the evolution of?", "context": "Kedar Patwary discusses the evolution of Indian society.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kedar Patwary)-[DISCUSSES_EVOLUTION_OF]->(Indian Society)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0077", "coqa_story": "Connecting with Patients \n\nDr. Paris often treats several generations of a family over many years. \"He's seen us through two births, one operation, multiple earaches, a broken wrist and a recovery from a serious traffic crash,\" says Jill Farrow, a 43-year-old lawyer whose first visit to Dr. Paris was as a teenager. During the birth of her younger son, Farrow began bleeding badly. Dr. Paris managed to solve the problem in a delicate procedure. \"Twenty years ago, she probably would have died,\" he says. Today, when he performs school sports physical examinations for the Farrow boys, 10 and 11, he is always reminded that lives are changed forever by doctors just doing their jobs. \n\nTo be a mix of country doc and somewhat adventurer, the 55-year-old family physician moved to Hailey after completing his residency . He hoped to practice medicine there and ski at nearby Sun Valley. Unfortunately, the only job opening was for an emergency-room doctor in Missoula, Montana, 300 miles away. Dr. Paris took it. \"I'd ski all day and then drive all night to be in Missoula for a 48-hour shift,\" he recalls. \"I'm lucky to be alive.\" Knowing he couldn't keep up with his eight-hour commute , he began taking flying lessons. \n\nIn 1981, Dr. Paris joined a small medical practice in Hailey, a former mining town with a population at the time of 2,109. As Hailey grew in the shadow of Sun Valley's booming popularity, Dr. Paris's own practice expanded to seven physicians, including his wife, Kathryn Woods, who is also a family doctor. They met in 1986 at a certification exam in Denver when, in a room full of men in stodgy suits, Woods arrived wearing a Lycra biking outfit and carrying the front wheel of her bicycle (which she couldn't lock up outside). Dr. Paris asked her out on the spot. In 1989, they married.", "question": "What is the name of the medical practice that Dr. Paris joined?", "context": "Dr. Paris joined the Small Medical Practice In Hailey.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dr. Paris)-[JOINED]->(Small Medical Practice In Hailey)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0078", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "What type of dog is it?", "context": "Tiger is a type of Pomeranian. Sonya is a type of Boxer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tiger)-[is type of]->(Pomeranian) || (Sonya)-[is type of]->(Boxer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0079", "coqa_story": "Two Chinese farmers who became an overnight hit when their heart-rending version of a famous pop song appeared on the Internet took to the stage in front of thousands of fans in Shanghai last Saturday. \n\nWang Xu, 44,and Liu Gang, 29, sang \"In the Spring\" alongside the song's star composer Wang Feng, in front of about 80,000 people at the Shanghai Stadium. The audience buzzed with excitement and let out deafening cheers, the moment as they were introduced on the stage and then when Liu started the first sentence of their parts of the song. \n\nThe two migrant workers became stars after singing the tearjerker song during an evening drinking session in a 6-square-meter rented room in a late August evening. A friend recorded the performance on a cell phone and posted it on the Internet. \n\n\"If someday I am dead, please bury me in the spring,\" they sing. Wang's penetrating chorus, delivered with his eyes closed, has moved thousands to tears. \n\nWang and Liu consider the song a true portrait of lower-class groups like themselves. \"With no credit card, no girlfriend, or a home with hot water, but only a guitar, I am singing happily, on streets, under bridges or in wild country, though nobody pays attention to the music,\" they sing. \n\nTo support his wife and two sons, Wang came to Beijing in 2000 from the countryside and has worked as a boiler man, and street peddler, before becoming a medical warehouse keeper, with a monthly pay of around 1,500 yuan. Little is left after he pays 600 yuan for rent and buys food. \n\nLiu came to Beijing in 2002. \"I wanted to try my luck in the big city, \" he said. He had worked as a guard, roadside peddler, and porter, but never had a stable job. Street performing was his main income, even after he married and became a father three years ago. \n\nWang and Liu are still uncertain where their fame will lead. Wang has started learning to use a computer. They even have a micro blog account to communicate with fans.", "question": "Who composed the song 'In The Spring'?", "context": "Wang Feng composed the song 'In The Spring'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wang Feng)-[COMPOSED]->(In The Spring)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0080", "coqa_story": "The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. \n\nSeeking to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the \"Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie\" (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Smith (1824\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the \"Cornhill Magazine\", owned by Smith, to become editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus on subjects from the UK and its present and former colonies only. An early working title was the \"Biographia Britannica\", the name of an earlier eighteenth-century reference work. \n\nThe first volume of the \"Dictionary of National Biography\" appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor. A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the \"DNB\" also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63. The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given below.", "question": "Who did Sidney Lee serve as an assistant editor to?", "context": "Sidney Lee served as an assistant editor to Leslie Stephen.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sidney Lee)-[ASSISTANT_EDITOR_TO]->(Leslie Stephen)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0081", "coqa_story": "At just six years old, Joey Kilpatrick is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion after he hid in a bedroom cupboard for eight hours while playing his favorite game,causing a big rescue operation. The determined little boy's disappearing act led to a careful search, including nice police officers, five State Emergency Service volunteers, tracker dogs and almost all of the people of the town of Goombungee. His mother, Chris, says she called the police when Joey disappeared one afternoon after telling his older brother, Lachlan, 14, that he was off to play hide-and-seek. \"I called the two boys for dinner,\" Chris says. \"After about 20 minutes I started to worry, I was shouting to Joey, 'OK, we can't find you, time to come out!'\" But there was no sign of her little boy. Within minutes of Chris calling the police, the policemen started one of the biggest ground searches in the town's history. \"I was really frightened. I rang my husband, Kris, who works out of town, and he immediately hit the road, calling me every 10 minutes.\" Chris recalls.\"They searched the house from top to bottom; everyone was out looking for him. When a neighbor asked if I'd checked the water tank, that's when reality hit. I was afraid.\" After hours of searching the town, confused police decided to search the house one more time. \"I just sat there waiting,\" Chris says, \"Then a strange feeling came over me, and I rushed into the bedroom and put my hand on a pile of blankets in the cupboard. As I pulled then out,there he was---asleep and completely not realizing what was going on! I've never held him in my arms so hard.\" Senior officer, Chris Brameld,from Goombungee police,says he is glad that Joey's game had a happy ending: \"When we realized he was safe, we agreed that it didn't get much better than that!\" And young Joey promises that next time he won't be so intent on finding the best hiding place. \"I want to say sorry to the policemen and to Mummy for scaring them,\" he says, \"I promise next time I'll hide where they can find me and I won't fall asleep!\"", "question": "Who is he the brother of?", "context": "Lachlan is the brother of Joey Kilpatrick. Joey Kilpatrick is the brother of Lachlan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lachlan)-[brother of]->(Joey Kilpatrick) || (Joey Kilpatrick)-[brother of]->(Lachlan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0082", "coqa_story": "Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of the greatest British writers. February 7 marked the 200th anniversary of his birthday. Yet for many, his language is old-fashioned and his stories often improbable. So why do so many people know and read Dickens today? \n\nOne reason is the British government's insistence that every child studies a Dickens novel at school. Alongside William Shakespeare, Dickens is on every English literature school reading list. \n\nHis stories, though often long by today's standards, are great moral tales. They are filled with colorful characters. \n\nEarlier this month, a ceremony was held in Portsmouth, where Dickens was born. Prince Charles said at the ceremony, \"Dickens used his creative genius to campaign passionately for social justice... His characterization is as fresh today as on the day it was written.\" \n\nHis books stand out from many other writers because of his insight into human nature. Dickens, like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behavior. They are as true in the 21st century as they were to his readers in the 19th century. \n\nReaders have returned to Dickens' books again and again over the years to see what he has to say about their own times. \n\nNo surprise then that it was Dickens whom Britons turned to during the economic crisis in the last couple of years. Dickens helped them make sense of a world that was rapidly falling apart. The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama that introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time. A dark story about greed and money, it was the perfect illustration of bad times. \n\nAs long as Dickens's novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of Britain's best-loved writers.", "question": "What is it?", "context": "Charles Dickens is a Writer. Little Dorrit is a Television Drama.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Dickens)-[is a]->(Writer) || (Little Dorrit)-[is a]->(Television Drama)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0083", "coqa_story": "Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8\u00c2\u00a0million (2.6\u00c2\u00a0million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3\u00c2\u00a0million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger. \n\nApart from being regarded as the \"City of Music\" because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be \"The City of Dreams\" because it was home to the world's first psycho-analyst \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstra\u00c3\u0178e lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.", "question": "What is the combined metropolitan population of Vienna and Bratislava?", "context": "The combined metropolitan population of Vienna and Bratislava is 3 million.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vienna)-[HAS_METROPOLITAN_POPULATION_WITH_BRATISLAVA]->(3 Million)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0084", "coqa_story": "The revolution was over by the time Tom Ford started working in the fashion world. The expensive fashion design houses such as Channel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Christian Dior, which earned money by designing and making very expensive custom clothes, had lost many of their wealthy customers. To stay in business, they started selling more reasonably priced ready-to-wear clothing along with a wide range of accessories , that is, related products such as shoes, bags, watches. All of these products needed to blend with the clothing and with each other so that they made up a brand that everyone would recognize and wanted to buy. Though they did not use that name, each company needed a \"master designer.\" \n\nBorn in Texas and growing up in Santa Fe, New Mexico, Ford had a diverse background in the arts. Soon after completing high school, he moved to New York, where he studied art history, trained as an actor, and worked as a model. Following that, Ford completed a program in indoor design, but later decided that he was more interested in designing clothes than in decorating house. He was hired by the firm Cathy Hardwick in 1986, where he began to work as a fashion designer. His talent stood out from the rest and soon he moved to Perry Ellis, where he became design director. Then in 1990 he made an important move by taking a position with the New York branch of Gucci, the famous design house based in Milan, Italy. \n\nDuring his first years at Gucci, the company was going through a very difficult period. Its products were once considered highly desirable, and were worn by famous women such as Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and Jacqueline Kennedy. However, by the early 1990s they had lost their reputation for quality. Other producers had started making cheap, widely available imitations of the brand, and the sales of Gucci's own products had dropped. Things were so bad at one point that Ford was almost fired. However, some people at the company believed in his talent, and in 1994 they hired him to work in Milan as the creative director for the entire company. In this position Ford had artistic control over all of the company's products, as well as its advertising and the design of its stores. Under Ford's direction, Gucci's reputation for cutting-edge style soon returned, and the company began to recover. The style shows starting in 1994 were wildly successful. People loved the low-cut velvet pants, unbuttoned silk shirts, and shiny boots in metallic color1s. By 1999 Gucci, which had almost gone out of business, was worth over $4 billion. \n\nWhen Gucci bought Yves Saint Laurent , Ford became creative director for that fashion house while continuing to design for Gucci. When asked how he would be able to keep the two styles apart, Ford said it wasn't a problem and offered a comparison. Yves Saint Laurent was like Catherine Deneuve, he said while Gucci was more like Sophia Loren. Both are sexy and beautiful women, but with very different styles. \n\nFord left Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent in 2004 to form his own company called simply \"Tom Ford\". Not long after, he was working together with cosmetics producer Estee Lauder to bring out new beauty products, and then developed and sold a perfume under his own name. His plans for the future? Ford says that someday he'd definitely like to make a film. He puts it his way: \"That is the main design project. You don't just get to design what people wear, but you design the whole world and whether characters get to live or die. There is what fashion lacks.", "question": "What major fashion house did the Gucci brand acquire?", "context": "The Gucci brand acquired Yves Saint Laurent.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gucci)-[ACQUIRED]->(Yves Saint Laurent)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0085", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at the age of 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. \"As long as it works\", he said in 1991, \"I'll continue to do those commercials.\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. \"He fed me,\" Thomas said, \"and if I got out of line, he'd beat me.\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. \"I thought if I owned a restaurant,\" he said, \"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales. \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed. \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friend Pat Williams. \"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker . _ .\"", "question": "Who did Dave Thomas meet in 1956?", "context": "In 1956, Dave Thomas met Harland Sanders.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dave Thomas)-[MET_IN_1956]->(Harland Sanders)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0086", "coqa_story": "The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. \n\nIndoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass and coal stoves. \n\nThese findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO' s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. \"New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.\" \n\nThe United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. \n\nNigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.\"There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.\" In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.", "question": "Where is it available?", "context": "Induction Stove is available in India. Solar Lamp is available in Africa.", "based_on_pattern": "(Induction Stove)-[available in]->(India) || (Solar Lamp)-[available in]->(Africa)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0087", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "The Beach is located in California. The Seaside Town is located in England. Barmouth is located in North Wales.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beach)-[located in]->(California) || (Seaside Town)-[located in]->(England) || (Barmouth)-[located in]->(North Wales)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0088", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "With whom does Max Black develop a friendship?", "context": "Max Black develops a friendship with Caroline Channing.", "based_on_pattern": "(Max Black)-[DEVELOPS_FRIENDSHIP_WITH]->(Caroline Channing)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0089", "coqa_story": "Smart Exercise \n\nDoctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and prefix = st1 /ScienceUniversity, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: \"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.\" \n\nThe effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. \"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,\" says Margaret. \n\nOlder people can beef uptheir brains as well.CornellUniversitystudied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. \n\nFor most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.", "question": "What condition has been traced to a lack of movement?", "context": "Learning Disabilities have been traced to a lack of movement.", "based_on_pattern": "(Learning Disabilities)-[TRACED_TO_LACK_OF]->(Movement)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0090", "coqa_story": "More college graduates in China are seeking for work experience instead of advanced degrees, a survey shows. The practical approach, coupled with a record number of students graduating from college, is expected to strengthen competition in the job market, analysts said. \n\nMore than 76 percent of university students said they wanted to work after earning their degrees this summer, up from 68.5 percent in 2012 and 73.6 percent last year, according to poll results from Zhaopin.com, a major online agency, Zhu Bo. \n\nThe annual survey also shows that about 20 percent university graduates chose to further education after graduation, while about 3 percent wanted to start their own businesses. \n\nZeng Hao ,a 25-year-old media major, managed to land a job in a publishing company in Zhongshan, Guangdong province, before he received his master's degree from the University of Macau in June. \" Work experience really matters in the publishing industry\" he said. \n\nWei Guihong , a program administrator at Nanjing University, said about 60 percent of the school's graduates entered the labor market every year. \"More and more students majoring in a foreign language choose to go abroad to continue their studies to improve their language skills,\" she said continuously, \"That's perhaps a bright future.\" \n\nLiu Junsheng , a researcher at the Labor and Wage Institute of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, believes that economic conditions play a vital role in shaping college graduates' choices .\"There were fewer job opportunities in the market. \" he said. \"Although academic degrees still matter, more and more employers value job seekers' work experience.\" he said. \n\nThe Zhaopin.com survey shows that each of the graduates sent resumes on average to about 28 potential employers and received five interview opportunities.", "question": "At which institution does Liu Junsheng work?", "context": "Liu Junsheng works at the Labor And Wage Institute Of The Ministry Of Human Resources And Social Security.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liu Junsheng)-[WORKS_AT]->(Labor And Wage Institute Of The Ministry Of Human Resources And Social Security)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0091", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "When was it spoken?", "context": "Middle Armenian was spoken during 12Th To 15Th Century. Early Modern Armenian was spoken during 16Th To 18Th Centuries.", "based_on_pattern": "(Middle Armenian)-[spoken during]->(12Th To 15Th Century) || (Early Modern Armenian)-[spoken during]->(16Th To 18Th Centuries)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0092", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Great Wall Of China is located in China. Omaha Beach is located in France. Mount Horeb Mustard Museum is located in Mount Horeb, Wis.. Paper House is located in Rockport, Mass.. World'S Largest Ball Of Paint is located in Alexandria, Ind.. The Museum Of Dirt is located in Boston, Mass..", "based_on_pattern": "(Great Wall Of China)-[located in]->(China) || (Omaha Beach)-[located in]->(France) || (Mount Horeb Mustard Museum)-[located in]->(Mount Horeb, Wis.) || (Paper House)-[located in]->(Rockport, Mass.) || (World'S Largest Ball Of Paint)-[located in]->(Alexandria, Ind.) || (The Museum Of Dirt)-[located in]->(Boston, Mass.)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0093", "coqa_story": "Robinson Diaz lives in a small cottage high in the Andes Mountains of South America. Diaz is a \"cable racer\", and every morning he faces the difficult task of taking the local teacher to her school. To do this, he first walks for an hour up to a place the locals call Los Pinos, right at the edge of the 400-foot deep gorge of the Negro valley. Here, one end of a thick metal cable has been fixed to a wooden post. The cable stretches right across the deep valley to the other side, a kilometer away. \n\nA metal hook is fixed to the cable, with leather straps hanging from it. Diaz fastens the straps around his shoulders and waist, does a quick safety check and then, without hesitating, throws himself off the edge of the mountain. Attached to the cable by only the metal hook, he rapidly picks up speed and soon he is racing through the air. Crossing the valley by wire takes him 30 seconds, instead of the two hours it would take him to walk down through the rain forest and climb up the steep muddy slopes on the other side. \n\nAs Diaz begins his trip, Diana Rios, a 23-year-old elementary teacher, is waiting on the other side of the gorge for the moment when he will come racing through the mist towards her at 100 mph. She will then return with him, hanging on to him as he goes back along the cable. Diana had no idea when she took the teaching job that just getting to work in the village school would be dangerous. \"At first I wanted to cry,\" she says, clutching her hook as the metal cable starts to rattle violently at Diaz's approach. \"But I soon got used to it.\" She still prefers to go with Diaz, though, rather than making the frightening and dangerous crossing on her own. \n\nFor the inhabitants of Los Pinos, the wire cable is a lifeline. For more than 50 years, it has served the community as a form of transport to and from the rest of the world. Everything that comes arrives via the cable----bricks and wood for building, sacks of rice and corn. Pregnant mothers, who must get to the nearest clinic, cross the wire during the darkness of the night, returning with their newborn babies. It is dangerous, but they have no choice. \n\nThis time Robinson Diaz makes a perfect landing on Diana's side of the gorge. For him, the dangers of this daily journey are insignificant. \"What I'm really scared of are snakes,\" he says. \"This is nothing in comparison.\" Then Dianna straps herself into her harness and hooks herself up to the wire behind Diaz, holding on to him tightly. He turns, flashes her a smile, releases the brake and kicks away. Within seconds, the teacher and the cable-racer have disappeared back into the mist.", "question": "What occupation do they have?", "context": "Robinson Diaz has the occupation Cable Racer. Diana Rios has the occupation Teacher.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robinson Diaz)-[has occupation]->(Cable Racer) || (Diana Rios)-[has occupation]->(Teacher)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0094", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Who is its manufacturer?", "context": "The manufacturer of Apple Ipad Mini is Apple. The manufacturer of Google Nexus 7 is Google.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple Ipad Mini)-[manufacturer]->(Apple) || (Google Nexus 7)-[manufacturer]->(Google)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0095", "coqa_story": "The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. \n\nMembers of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked representation in Parliament. Protests steadily escalated to the burning of the \"Gaspee\" in Rhode Island in 1772, followed by the Boston Tea Party in 1773, during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea. The British responded by closing Boston Harbor, then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony's rights of self-government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts. In late 1774, the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories. \n\nTensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775\u00e2\u20ac\u201c83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.", "question": "When did it start?", "context": "The American Revolutionary War starts in April 1775. The American Revolution starts in 1765.", "based_on_pattern": "(American Revolutionary War)-[starts in]->(April 1775) || (American Revolution)-[starts in]->(1765)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0096", "coqa_story": "The wedding between Prince Wiliam and Kate Middleton on April 29 has focused the world's camera lenses on the UK. \n\nIn Britain, there is a constant debate about the relevance of the royal family to modern British society. However, Windsor (the family name of the British Royal Family) and Middleton have been seen to represent a more modern, forward-looking nation. \n\nNigel Baker, the British ambassador to Bolivia, believes that the royal wedding is \"about modern Britain\". \"The estimated 2 billion spectators across the world will see that Britain is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse nations in the world, home to 270 nationalities speaking 300 different languages, founded on tolerance and respect for difference,\" wrote Baker on his blog. \n\nAccording to Baker, the wedding could help viewers to see \"why Britain is one of the most dynamic and creative countries in the world\": The television on which most people watched the event was invented by John Logie Baird, a Briton, and the World Wide Web that broadcast the event to millions more was invented by another Briton, Tim Berners-Lee. \n\nThe guests who attended the wedding ceremony gave more than a few clues as to the nature of modern Britain. David and Victoria Beckham represent Britain's obsession with football and celebrity. \n\nLeaders from different religious backgrounds supported Baker's comments on the multicultural nature of modern British society. \n\nBefore the wedding, David Elliott, arts director of the British Council China, agreed that the wedding would be a showcase for modern Britain: \"I think, and hope, that it (modern British influence) would be values like openness, multiculturalism, creativity, sense of humor and the traditional British sense of fair play,\" he said. \n\nFurthermore, events such as the Olympics in London in 2012 may also increase people's sense of Britishness. \n\nAccording to a poll published in Daily Telegraph, more than a third of people in the UK admitted they felt \"very British\" when watching the Olympics.", "question": "What significant contribution to the internet is Tim Berners-Lee known for inventing?", "context": "Tim Berners-Lee is known for inventing the World Wide Web.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tim Berners-Lee)-[INVENTED]->(World Wide Web)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0097", "coqa_story": "Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. \"I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.\" So he took a \"gap year\", from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania. \n\n\"Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,\" said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. \"In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,\" she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the potential American market for gap years as a \"sleeping giant.\" \n\n\"A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.\" said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine \"assured the reasons I went into health care,\" said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. \"I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,\" he added. \"And I listen better than I did before.\" \n\nGeorge Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.", "question": "What is his title?", "context": "George Garritan is a Chairman. Dennis Sinar is a Doctor. Holly Bull is a President. American Market is a Sleeping Giant.", "based_on_pattern": "(George Garritan)-[is a]->(Chairman) || (Dennis Sinar)-[is a]->(Doctor) || (Holly Bull)-[is a]->(President) || (American Market)-[is a]->(Sleeping Giant)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0098", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II: The Jacobite Agent. \n\nSo twelve years passed. Ronald Leslie grew up a sturdy lad, full of fun and mischief in spite of the sober atmosphere of the bailie's house; and neither flogging at school nor lecturing at home appeared to have the slightest effect in reducing him to that state of sober tranquillity which was in Mrs. Anderson's eyes the thing to be most desired in boys. Andrew was less deeply shocked than his wife at the discovery of Ronald's various delinquencies, but his sense of order and punctuality was constantly outraged. He was, however, really fond of the lad; and even Mrs. Anderson, greatly as the boy's ways constantly disturbed and ruffled her, was at heart as fond of him as was her husband. She considered, and not altogether wrongly, that his wilderness, as she called it, was in no slight degree due to his association with her husband's brother. \n\nRonald looked forward to the periodical visits of the drover with intense longing. He was sure of a sympathetic listener in Malcolm, who listened with approval to the tales of the various scrapes into which he had got since his last visit; of how, instead of going to school, he had played truant and with another boy his own age had embarked in a fisherman's boat and gone down the river and had not been able to get back until next day; how he had played tricks upon his dominie, and had conquered in single combat the son of Councillor Duff, the butcher, who had spoken scoffing words at the Stuarts. Malcolm was, in fact, delighted to find, that in spite of repression and lectures his young charge was growing up a lad of spirit. He still hoped that some day Leslie might return, and he knew how horrified he would be were he to find that his son was becoming a smug and well conducted citizen. No small portion of his time on each of his visits to Glasgow Malcolm spent in training the boy in the use of arms. ", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Ronald Leslie is the son of Leslie. Son Of Councillor Duff is the son of Councillor Duff.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ronald Leslie)-[son of]->(Leslie) || (Son Of Councillor Duff)-[son of]->(Councillor Duff)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0099", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "Who is their spouse?", "context": "Lorraine Thomas is the spouse of Dave Thomas. Dave Thomas is the spouse of Lorraine Thomas.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lorraine Thomas)-[spouse of]->(Dave Thomas) || (Dave Thomas)-[spouse of]->(Lorraine Thomas)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0100", "coqa_story": "Chapter 61 \n\nHappy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters. With what delighted pride she afterwards visited Mrs. Bingley, and talked of Mrs. Darcy, may be guessed. I wish I could say, for the sake of her family, that the accomplishment of her earnest desire in the establishment of so many of her children produced so happy an effect as to make her a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman for the rest of her life; though perhaps it was lucky for her husband, who might not have relished domestic felicity in so unusual a form, that she still was occasionally nervous and invariably silly. \n\nMr. Bennet missed his second daughter exceedingly; his affection for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do. He delighted in going to Pemberley, especially when he was least expected. \n\nMr. Bingley and Jane remained at Netherfield only a twelvemonth. So near a vicinity to her mother and Meryton relations was not desirable even to _his_ easy temper, or _her_ affectionate heart. The darling wish of his sisters was then gratified; he bought an estate in a neighbouring county to Derbyshire, and Jane and Elizabeth, in addition to every other source of happiness, were within thirty miles of each other. \n\nKitty, to her very material advantage, spent the chief of her time with her two elder sisters. In society so superior to what she had generally known, her improvement was great. She was not of so ungovernable a temper as Lydia; and, removed from the influence of Lydia's example, she became, by proper attention and management, less irritable, less ignorant, and less insipid. From the further disadvantage of Lydia's society she was of course carefully kept, and though Mrs. Wickham frequently invited her to come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, her father would never consent to her going. ", "question": "Who was denied consent by Mr. Bennet to visit Lydia?", "context": "Mr. Bennet denied Kitty consent to visit Lydia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Bennet)-[DENIED_CONSENT_TO_VISIT_LYDIA]->(Kitty)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0101", "coqa_story": "Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. \n\nSome RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function where RNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form proteins. \n\nLike DNA, most biologically active RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, contain self-complementary sequences that allow parts of the RNA to fold and pair with itself to form double helices. Analysis of these RNAs has revealed that they are highly structured. Unlike DNA, their structures do not consist of long double helices, but rather collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins. In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis (like enzymes). For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome\u00e2\u20ac\u201dan enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation\u00e2\u20ac\u201drevealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA.", "question": "On which cellular structure does protein synthesis take place?", "context": "Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosome.", "based_on_pattern": "(Protein Synthesis)-[OCCURS_ON]->(Ribosome)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0102", "coqa_story": "Delia was a young pianist. Her husband, Joe, was a young artist. Each of them was taking lessons: Joe with a famous art teacher, and Delia with a great pianist from Germany. Their teachers were the very best, so lessons were expensive, more than they could really afford, but...when you love your art, nothing is too much. But soon the money began to run out, and they couldn't afford the lessons any more. Then one day Delia came back home and told Joe that she had met a man whose daughter, Sally, wanted to learn the piano, and he was going to pay her $ 50 an hour. \"Delia,\" Joe said, \"I'll be much happier if you keep up your lessons,\" Delia said it didn't matter. \"When I've had some money, I'll continue.\" But Joe also decided to stop his lessons, to draw pictures and sell them. A few days later, Joe came home and proudly took $ 200 from his pocket. \"I met a man from Vermont,\" he said, \"who bought one of my pictures. And he wants to buy more!\" _ .They didn't have to worry any more about money. Then, one day, Joe came home and saw that Delia's hand was wrapped in a bandage . He asked her what had happened. \"Oh,\" said Delia. \"My student, Sally, asked me to make some coffee for her. I dropped the coffee and burned my hand. Sally went straight to the drugstore and got this bandage for me. \" \"Delia, what have you been doing the last two weeks?\" Joe asked. She tried not to tell him, but the tears came. \"Oh Joe, I couldn't get any students, so I worked as a waitress in a restaurant. Today, I burned my hand with hot water. So I can't work any more. But we'll still have money from the man in Vermont, won't we?\" Joe looked at her. \"There's no man in Vermont, \" he said. \"I've been working in a drugstore, and today someone came in to buy bandages for a woman who's burned her hand. So when I saw you, well, I guessed.\" They both laughed. [A story by O. Henry--adapted ]", "question": "What is their profession?", "context": "Delia is a Pianist. Joe is an Artist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Delia)-[has profession]->(Pianist) || (Joe)-[has profession]->(Artist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0103", "coqa_story": "Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox. \n\nThe first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called \"The First Hundred Years.\" Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read. \n\nHub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention. \n\nIn 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter. \n\nSoon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts.", "question": "What is his occupation?", "context": "Fred Barton's occupation is Actor. Hubert Joseph Schlafly's occupation is Electrical Engineer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fred Barton)-[has occupation]->(Actor) || (Hubert Joseph Schlafly)-[has occupation]->(Electrical Engineer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0104", "coqa_story": "Rob Kalin learned the secret to success while he was still in his baby bed. At age one, the Boston-bom teacher's son dragged around a stuffed rabbit that had been lovingly sewn by one of his mother's students. True, one of the ears was sewn on backward, but that just added to its magic. \"It was always special to me,\" Kalin remembers of his first handmade craft . \n\nKalin's appreciation for the simple and the simply eccentric inspired him to create etsy. com, an online craft fair, probably the largest market for handmade goods in the world. Last year, 350,000 woodworkers and other craftsmen sold their one-of-a-kind crafts on the four-year-old site. \n\nThey sell everything from hand-knit sleeves for Macbooks ($32) to myrtle-wood electric guitars ($3,200). And in an age of chain stores, it seems there's still a big market. More than three million consumers in 150 countries purchased about $87.5 million worth of crafts on Etsy last year. \n\nEmily Worden, founder of Elemental Threads, a custom handbag and jewelry company, signed up with Etsy when she started her company two years ago. She pays Etsy a 20-cent standard fee for each item she lists on the site, plus a 3.5 percent commission on everything sold. Etsy allows her to track the number of times customers click on a particular item to view it. \"We can see that our necklaces are a popularly viewed item and which color1s and sizes get the most views,\" she says. \"That is a guide to evolving our product lines.\" \n\nToday, Etsy's staff has ballooned to 70 employees, and the company reportedly earns more than $12 million a year. \n\nKalin's father was a carpenter and taught him early on how to use his hands. Indeed, in high school, he put his skills to work -- developing the photos of his classmates and handcrafting a graduate ID to attend design classes. Eventually, he was admitted to New York University, studying classics and working as a carpenter. \n\nKalin has also started sewing some of his own clothes. \"I have to make something physical at least once a month,\" says Kalin, \"or I go crazy.\"", "question": "Which university was Rob Kalin admitted to?", "context": "Rob Kalin was admitted to New York University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rob Kalin)-[ADMITTED_TO]->(New York University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0105", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "What company was it published by?", "context": "And Two Boys Booed was published by Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Planet Kindergarten was published by Chronicle. The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade was published by Putnam. Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School was published by Christy Ottaviano/Holt.", "based_on_pattern": "(And Two Boys Booed)-[published by]->(Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux) || (Planet Kindergarten)-[published by]->(Chronicle) || (The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)-[published by]->(Putnam) || (Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School)-[published by]->(Christy Ottaviano/Holt)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0106", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "The phrase 'Vocabula Vernacula' is the translation of what other phrase?", "context": "'Vocabula Vernacula' is the translation of the phrase 'Termes De La Langue Nationale'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vocabula Vernacula)-[IS_TRANSLATION_OF]->(Termes De La Langue Nationale)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0107", "coqa_story": "When elephants retire, many head for the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tenn. They arrive one by one, but they tend to live out their lives two-by-two. \"Every elephant that comes here searches out someone that she then spends most all of her time with,\" says sanctuary co-founder Carol Buckley. It's likely having a best girlfriend, Buckley says - \"Somebody they can relate to, they have something in common with.\" \n\nDebbie has Ronnie. Misty can't live without Dulary. _ But perhaps the closest friends of all are Tarra and Bella. Tarra, an 8,700 pound Asian elephant; Bella, a stray dog, are closest friends. \n\nBella is one of more than a dozen stray dogs that have found a home at the sanctuary. Most want nothing to do with the elephants and vice versa. But not this odd couple. \"Bella knows she's not an elephant. Tarra knows she's not a dog,\" Buckley adds. \"But that's not a problem for them.\" \"When it's time to eat they both eat together. They drink together. They sleep together. They play together,\" Buckley says. \n\nTarra and Bella have been close for years -- but no one really knew how close they were until recently. A few months ago Bella suffered a spinal cord injury. She couldn't move her legs, couldn't even wag her tail. For three weeks the dog lay motionless up in the sanctuary office. And for three weeks the elephant held vigil: 2,700 acres to roam free, and Tarra just stood in the corner, beside a gate, right outside that sanctuary office. \"She just stood outside the balcony - just stood there and waited,\" says Buckley. \"She was concerned about her friend.\" Then one day, sanctuary co-founder Scott Blais carried Bella onto the balcony so she and Tarra could at least see each other. \n\n\"Bella's tail started wagging. And we had no choice but to bring Bella down to see Tarra,\" Blais says. \n\nThey visited like that every day until Bella could walk. Today, their love -- and trust -- is stronger than ever. Bella even lets Tarra pet her tummy - with the bottom of her enormous foot. They harbor no fears, no secrets, no prejudices. Just two living creatures who somehow managed to look past their immense differences. \n\nTake a good look at this couple, human beings. Take a good look at the world. If they can do it -- what's our excuse?", "question": "Who is she a friend of?", "context": "Misty is a friend of Dulary. Tarra is a friend of Bella. Debbie is a friend of Ronnie.", "based_on_pattern": "(Misty)-[friend of]->(Dulary) || (Tarra)-[friend of]->(Bella) || (Debbie)-[friend of]->(Ronnie)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0108", "coqa_story": "There was once a beautiful nymph called Echo. But Echo had one failing; she was fond of talking, and whether in chat or argument, would have the last word. As she was good company, she and Zeus became good friends. However, Zeus' wife, Hera, became jealous. She followed Zeus to the earth to find out what he was doing and Zeus asked Echo to distract Hera until he could escape. Later when Hera discovered she had been tricked, she became very angry. She turned on Echo and said, \"You shall lose the use of your tongue because you cheated me. You'll have the last word, bur no longer have the power to speak first.\" So from that moment on, Beautiful Echo was hardly able to hold a conversation because she could only repeat the last words of those around her. She became very embarrassed and hid herself deep in the woods. \n\nOne day a handsome young man called Narcissus came into the woods. He had been hunting deer and lost his way. However, the moment Echo saw him, she fell in love with him. She followed him, wishing to tell him but unable to begin a conversation. Oh, how she wished she could speak first. Unfortunately, Narcissus was far too busy worrying about where his companions might be and how he could find his way home. \n\nEventually Narcissus, with Echo following behind along, came to a pool of water in the middle of the woods. Feeling thirsty, Narcissus bent down to drink. As he did so, he saw a beautiful creature in the water staring up at him. He immediately bent over and said to him, \"I love you!\" Echo, nearby, and seeing her chance, immediately responded \".... I love you!\" But it was too late. Narcissus was already in love, with himself. \n\nThe stranger seemed to rise up closer to Narcissus who was so involved that he entirely failed to notice Echo. \"I want to stay and look at this beautiful sight forever,\" he whispered dreamily to himself.\"... Forever,\" repeated Echo sadly. \"Come here,\" called Narcissus to his reflection as he moved his head and the creature seemed to move away. \"...Here.\" responded Echo. Narcissus bent back down to see his reflection more clearly. \"So beautiful! I've never seen anything so beautiful!\" \"....So beautiful!\" responded Echo truthfully. \n\nNarcissus remained by the water refusing all Echo's silent offers of food and drink until he died. Where he had been, a flower grew in his place, as beautiful as Narcissus himself. As for Echo, from that time forward, she also didn't eat or drink till she turned to rocks and all that was left was her voice. Even now you can still hear Echo trying to attract Narcissus' attention by repeating his words and still see Narcissus as a beautiful flower growing near a pool.", "question": "What task did Zeus ask the nymph Echo to perform?", "context": "Zeus asked Echo to be a distraction.", "based_on_pattern": "(Zeus)-[ASKED_TO_DISTRACT]->(Echo)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0109", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "Who is his enemy?", "context": "Anne is an enemy of Gilbert. Gilbert is an enemy of Anne.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne)-[enemy of]->(Gilbert) || (Gilbert)-[enemy of]->(Anne)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0110", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "He was the author of which famous work?", "context": "William Shakespeare was the author of Hamlet. Bram Stoker was the author of Dracula.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Shakespeare)-[author of]->(Hamlet) || (Bram Stoker)-[author of]->(Dracula)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0111", "coqa_story": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall. \n\nUniversity of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.", "question": "Where did the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction take place?", "context": "The world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction took place at Stagg Field.", "based_on_pattern": "(World'S First Man-Made, Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction)-[OCCURRED_AT]->(Stagg Field)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0112", "coqa_story": "Intel Corporation (also known as Intel, stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California (colloquially referred to as \"Silicon Valley\") that was founded by Gordon Moore (of Moore's law fame) and Robert Noyce. It is the world's second largest and second highest valued semiconductor chip makers based on revenue after being overtaken by Samsung, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. \n\nIntel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove. The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words \"int\"egrated and \"el\"ectronics, with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit (microchip). The fact that \"intel\" is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate. Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.", "question": "During which decade did Intel invest heavily in microprocessor designs?", "context": "Intel invested heavily in microprocessor designs during the 1990s.", "based_on_pattern": "(Intel)-[INVESTED_HEAVILY_IN_MICROPROCESSOR_DESIGNS_DURING]->(1990S)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0113", "coqa_story": "There's nothing like experiencing history to understand it.So instead of reading about the U.S.Civil War in textbooks,some schoolchildren in Virginia are creating videos related to the conflict,in which the northern Union and southern Confederate states fought over several issues,including slavery,from l861--1865. \n\nIn one scene, children act as two Union generals, meeting at the Kaploan Klver in central Virginia.The l2-and l3-year-olds are producing a mini--video on the key role temporary pontoon bridges played during the war.After building and crossing a pontoon bridge,Union soldiers defeated a Confederate army in the Battle of the Wilderness. \n\nIn another scene,students act as soldiers who are marching to the river with guns.Today,the area is part of a national military park.Park Educational Coordinator Peter Maugle shows the children how to hold the fake guns.\"Hopefully they will understand why these places are important through projects and programs like this,and they will make an effort to keep these places preserved for future generations,''he said. \n\nAnother background is a plantation where much of the Battle of the Wilderness was fought. At this location,another group of children is focusing on the diary of a woman who lived in the region during the war.Student director John Ashley says the experience has made him think more about the human aspect of the war.Filmmaker Ghil Hong donated his time to help the students, who have understood it quickly.\"They are trying to convey the emotions during the Civil War.They really focus on wanting the story to be accurate,''Hong added. \n\nWith help from advisors,the children also research,write,and edit the videos.Alexis Albert got a chance to try out directing and learned a lot about Civil War history in the process. \"It helps me more as a student understand it more than reading a book and looking at words,\"he said. \n\nThe project is sponsored by the Journey Through Hallowed Ground,which raises awareness of historical sites from Pennsylvania to Virginia, including many Civil War battlegrounds.", "question": "What role does he have?", "context": "Peter Maugle has the role of Park Educational Coordinator. John Ashley has the role of Student Director. Ghil Hong has the role of Filmmaker.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Maugle)-[has role]->(Park Educational Coordinator) || (John Ashley)-[has role]->(Student Director) || (Ghil Hong)-[has role]->(Filmmaker)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0114", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police said authorities Friday took a fourth person into custody in their ongoing investigation into domestic terrorism. \n\nThe RCMP said its Integrated National Security Enforcement Team executed a search warrant in Ottawa and took one person into custody. No charges have been filed. \n\nEarlier Friday, a Canadian government source close to the investigation said the three men arrested previously \"are not card-carrying members of al Qaeda but they follow in the movement and show common trends.\" \n\nRCMP Chief Superintendent Serge Therriault said Thursday the three suspects are Canadian citizens living in Ontario -- Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh, 30, of Ottawa; Misbahuddin Ahmed, 26, of Ottawa; and Khurram Syed Sher, 28, of London. \n\nThe name of the suspect arrested Friday has not been released. \n\nAlizadeh faces three charges: conspiracy, committing an act for a terrorist group and providing or making available property for terrorist purposes. Canadian federal prosecutor David McKercher told CNN the three charges carry maximum sentences ranging from ten years to life in prison. \n\nAhmed has been charged with conspiracy, but he could face more charges, according to his defense attorney. Ian Carter told CNN he met with Ahmed for half an hour. Asked how the suspect was feeling, Carter said, \"He is in shock.\" Ahmed is married and has a 7-month-old daughter. \n\nSher also is charged with conspiracy, officials said. \n\nThe RCMP said the three suspects were arrested under Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act, passed in 2001. \n\nTherriault said that a yearlong investigation found that in addition to forming part of a terror cell, the suspects possessed schematics, videos, drawings, instructions, books and electrical components designed specifically for the construction of improvised explosive devices. He said authorities seized more than 50 circuit boards designed to remotely detonate IEDs. ", "question": "What was the intended purpose of the 50 circuit boards?", "context": "The 50 circuit boards were designed to detonate Improvised Explosive Devices.", "based_on_pattern": "(50 Circuit Boards)-[DESIGNED_TO_DETONATE]->(Improvised Explosive Devices)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0115", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "Besides creating a famous thesaurus, at which university did Peter Mark Roget study?", "context": "Peter Mark Roget studied at the University Of Edinburgh.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Mark Roget)-[STUDIED_AT]->(University Of Edinburgh)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0116", "coqa_story": "The Bilateria or bilaterians, or triploblasts, are animals with bilateral symmetry, i.e., they have a head (\"anterior\") and a tail (\"posterior\") as well as a back (\"dorsal\") and a belly (\"ventral\"); therefore they also have a left side and a right side. In contrast, radially symmetrical animals like jellyfish have a topside and a downside, but no identifiable front or back. \n\nThe bilateria are a major group of animals, including the majority of phyla but not sponges, cnidarians, placozoans and ctenophores. For the most part, bilateral embryos are triploblastic, having three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Nearly all are bilaterally symmetrical, or approximately so; the most notable exception is the echinoderms, which achieve near-radial symmetry as adults, but are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae. \n\nExcept for a few phyla (i.e. flatworms and gnathostomulids), bilaterians have complete digestive tracts with a separate mouth and anus. Some bilaterians lack body cavities (acoelomates, i.e. Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha and Gnathostomulida), while others display primary body cavities (deriving from the blastocoel, as pseudocoel) or secondary cavities (that appear \"de novo\", for example the coelom). \n\nThe hypothetical most recent common ancestor of all bilateria is termed the \"Urbilaterian\". The nature of the first bilaterian is a matter of debate. One side suggests that acoelomates gave rise to the other groups (planuloid-aceloid hypothesis by Graff, Metchnikoff, Hyman, or ), while the other poses that the first bilaterian was a coelomate organism and the main acoelomate phyla (flatworms and gastrotrichs) have lost body cavities secondarily (the Archicoelomata hypothesis and its variations such as the Gastrea by Haeckel or Sedgwick, the Bilaterosgastrea by G\u00c3\u00b6sta J\u00c3\u00a4gersten , or the Trochaea by Nielsen).", "question": "What is it also known as?", "context": "Secondary Cavities is also known as Coelom. Head is also known as Anterior. Belly is also known as Ventral. Tail is also known as Posterior. Primary Body Cavities is also known as Pseudocoel. Back is also known as Dorsal.", "based_on_pattern": "(Secondary Cavities)-[is also known as]->(Coelom) || (Head)-[is also known as]->(Anterior) || (Belly)-[is also known as]->(Ventral) || (Tail)-[is also known as]->(Posterior) || (Primary Body Cavities)-[is also known as]->(Pseudocoel) || (Back)-[is also known as]->(Dorsal)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0117", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "Who is he an acquaintance of?", "context": "Harland Sanders is an acquaintance of Dave Thomas. Dave Thomas is an acquaintance of Harland Sanders.", "based_on_pattern": "(Harland Sanders)-[acquaintance of]->(Dave Thomas) || (Dave Thomas)-[acquaintance of]->(Harland Sanders)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0118", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes cxan be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\"", "question": "Who is he affiliated with?", "context": "Geoffrey Nunberg is affiliated with Stanford University. David Crystal is affiliated with University Of Wales.", "based_on_pattern": "(Geoffrey Nunberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University) || (David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0119", "coqa_story": "There was once a beautiful nymph called Echo. But Echo had one failing; she was fond of talking, and whether in chat or argument, would have the last word. As she was good company, she and Zeus became good friends. However, Zeus' wife, Hera, became jealous. She followed Zeus to the earth to find out what he was doing and Zeus asked Echo to distract Hera until he could escape. Later when Hera discovered she had been tricked, she became very angry. She turned on Echo and said, \"You shall lose the use of your tongue because you cheated me. You'll have the last word, bur no longer have the power to speak first.\" So from that moment on, Beautiful Echo was hardly able to hold a conversation because she could only repeat the last words of those around her. She became very embarrassed and hid herself deep in the woods. \n\nOne day a handsome young man called Narcissus came into the woods. He had been hunting deer and lost his way. However, the moment Echo saw him, she fell in love with him. She followed him, wishing to tell him but unable to begin a conversation. Oh, how she wished she could speak first. Unfortunately, Narcissus was far too busy worrying about where his companions might be and how he could find his way home. \n\nEventually Narcissus, with Echo following behind along, came to a pool of water in the middle of the woods. Feeling thirsty, Narcissus bent down to drink. As he did so, he saw a beautiful creature in the water staring up at him. He immediately bent over and said to him, \"I love you!\" Echo, nearby, and seeing her chance, immediately responded \".... I love you!\" But it was too late. Narcissus was already in love, with himself. \n\nThe stranger seemed to rise up closer to Narcissus who was so involved that he entirely failed to notice Echo. \"I want to stay and look at this beautiful sight forever,\" he whispered dreamily to himself.\"... Forever,\" repeated Echo sadly. \"Come here,\" called Narcissus to his reflection as he moved his head and the creature seemed to move away. \"...Here.\" responded Echo. Narcissus bent back down to see his reflection more clearly. \"So beautiful! I've never seen anything so beautiful!\" \"....So beautiful!\" responded Echo truthfully. \n\nNarcissus remained by the water refusing all Echo's silent offers of food and drink until he died. Where he had been, a flower grew in his place, as beautiful as Narcissus himself. As for Echo, from that time forward, she also didn't eat or drink till she turned to rocks and all that was left was her voice. Even now you can still hear Echo trying to attract Narcissus' attention by repeating his words and still see Narcissus as a beautiful flower growing near a pool.", "question": "What did it become?", "context": "Narcissus became a Flower. Echo became a Voice.", "based_on_pattern": "(Narcissus)-[became]->(Flower) || (Echo)-[became]->(Voice)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0120", "coqa_story": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle Price: PS28.00 Publication Date: 30/11/2006 Publisher's description: Collect Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in late-nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies of Doyle, Holmes, and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society. Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:11/10/2006 Brief description: This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope. For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience. Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future. This biology of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision. In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:02/09/2006 Brief description: On 11th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the world Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe---in her school at the foot of the burning towers---he returned home, to mediate on the trauma , and to work on a comic strip . In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of \"the hijacking on 9.11 and the following hijacking of those events\" by America. Light on Snow by Anita Shreve Price: PS14.00 Publication Date:07/10/2006 Publisher's description: This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller. A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself. Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv Price: PS20.99 Publication Date:11/08/2006 Brief description: Camping in the garden, riding bikes through the woods, climbing trees, picking wildflowers, running through piles of autumn leaves... these are the things childhood memories are made of. But for a whole generation of today's children the pleasures of a free-range childhood are missing, and their indoor habits contribute to obesity, attention disorder and childhood depression. This book shows how our children have become increasingly distanced from nature, why this matters and how we can make a difference. Richard Louv is chairman of the Children and Nature Network and co-chair of the National Forum on Children and Nature. He is the author of seven other books and has written for newspapers and magazines including the New York Times and the Washington Post.", "question": "What role does Richard Louv, the author of 'Last Child In The Woods', hold at the National Forum On Children And Nature?", "context": "Richard Louv is the co-chair of the National Forum On Children And Nature.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Louv)-[IS_CO_CHAIR_OF]->(National Forum On Children And Nature)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0121", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "What larger language family does the Armenian language belong to?", "context": "The Armenian language is a branch of the Indo-European language tree.", "based_on_pattern": "(Armenian Language)-[BRANCH_OF]->(Indo-European Language Tree)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0122", "coqa_story": "The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. \n\nSeeking to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the \"Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie\" (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Smith (1824\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the \"Cornhill Magazine\", owned by Smith, to become editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus on subjects from the UK and its present and former colonies only. An early working title was the \"Biographia Britannica\", the name of an earlier eighteenth-century reference work. \n\nThe first volume of the \"Dictionary of National Biography\" appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor. A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the \"DNB\" also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63. The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given below.", "question": "What was he the editor of?", "context": "Sidney Lee was the editor of the Dictionary Of National Biography. Leslie Stephen was the editor of the Cornhill Magazine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sidney Lee)-[editor of]->(Dictionary Of National Biography) || (Leslie Stephen)-[editor of]->(Cornhill Magazine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0123", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St, Chicago \n\nBasic Photography \n\nThis is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50. Jan.10,12,17,19, Tues. & Thurs. 6:00~8:00 p.m. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers \n\nThis twelve-hour course is for people who don't know very much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge:$75. Equipment charge:$10. Jan.14,21,28, Sat. 6:00~10:00 p.m. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nTyping \n\nThis course on week-days is for typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge:$125. Materials charge:$25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have effectively taught typing courses before. \n\nOil Painting \n\nOil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll in this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together--with the teacher's knowledge and your passion--we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5,12,19,26, Thurs. 2:00---5:00pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here.", "question": "How much does it cost?", "context": "The course charge for Basic Photography is 50. The course charge for Understanding Computers is 75. The course charge for Typing is 125. The course charge for Oil Painting is 35.", "based_on_pattern": "(Basic Photography)-[has course charge]->(50) || (Understanding Computers)-[has course charge]->(75) || (Typing)-[has course charge]->(125) || (Oil Painting)-[has course charge]->(35)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0124", "coqa_story": "Children's Storybooks and Tales: This site is dedicated to Children's Story Books and how to tell Children's Stories. If you enjoy a child's story or have kids of your own then please browse this site to find some great stories and how to read them. \n\nThe Cat in the Hat---Dr. Seuss \n\nIn the first book featuring the character (The Cat in the Hat, 1957), the Cat brings chaos to a household of two young children on one rainy day while their mother is out. Bringing with him two creatures appropriately named Thing One and Thing Two, the Cat performs all sorts of tricks to amuse the children, with mixed results. The Cat's tricks are vainly opposed by the family pet, who is a conscious goldfish. The children (Sally and her older brother) finally prove good ones, capturing the Things and bringing the Cat under control. He cleans up the house on his way out, disappearing seconds before the mother comes back. \n\nThe Famous Fire---Enid Blyton \n\nThe Famous Fire is Enid Blyton's most popular and celebrated series of children's books. The sequence began life in 1942, when the first book, Fire on a Treasure Island was published and it has won great praise from both fans and critics. The series has gone on to become amongst the best-loved stories ever to have been written for children. \n\nTom and Pippo in the Garden---Helen Oxenbury \n\nIn 1988 Helen Oxenbury created a series of books featuring Tom, a naughty young boy, and his beloved stuffed monkey, Pippo. Ms. Oxenbury remarked that Tom was very much like her son \"when he was a little boy\". Like Tom, her son would often blame his misdeeds on his trusted buddy, the friendly family dog. \n\nThe BFG---Roald Dahl \n\nThe story is about an orphan girl named Sophie. One night when Sophie cannot sleep during the \"witching hour\" and sees a giant blowing something into bedroom windows down the street. The giant sees her, and although she tries to hide in the bed, he reaches through the window and carries her away to his home.", "question": "Who is the author of it?", "context": "The Bfg was authored by Roald Dahl. The Cat In The Hat was authored by Dr. Seuss. The Famous Fire was authored by Enid Blyton. Tom And Pippo In The Garden was authored by Helen Oxenbury.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Bfg)-[author]->(Roald Dahl) || (The Cat In The Hat)-[author]->(Dr. Seuss) || (The Famous Fire)-[author]->(Enid Blyton) || (Tom And Pippo In The Garden)-[author]->(Helen Oxenbury)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0125", "coqa_story": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall. \n\nUniversity of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.", "question": "How many students does it have?", "context": "The College has 5,000 students. University Of Chicago has 15,000 students.", "based_on_pattern": "(The College)-[has students]->(5,000) || (University Of Chicago)-[has students]->(15,000)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0126", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine being a prisoner of your own body, unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot, based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown, can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental institution didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received s even Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates accomplish their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \" 90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "For which specific test did Jaime Escalante prepare his students?", "context": "Jaime Escalante prepared his students for the AP Exam.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jaime Escalante)-[PREPARED_STUDENTS_FOR]->(Ap Exam)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0127", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "What was Ed Winter's official title in Los Angeles?", "context": "Ed Winter was the Assistant Chief Coroner of Los Angeles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ed Winter)-[ASSISTANT_CHIEF_CORONER_OF]->(Los Angeles)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0128", "coqa_story": "Educators across the U.S. are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education. \n\nThe National Center for Educational Statistics (or NCES) reported that U.S. colleges and universities received more than 9 million applications between 2013 and 2014 and admitted more than 5 million students. But the problem is not in the number of students, a new report says. The report is called \"Turning the Tide -- Making Caring Common.\" \n\nThe report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems. David Hawkins is the Executive Director for Educational Content and Policy. He says that most colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply. \n\nSchools usually require an essay describing a student's interests or why they want to study at that school. The schools also ask for letters from teachers describing why a student is a good candidate. But, Hawkins says, schools are most concerned with a student's high school grades and standardized test results. \n\nThe Education Conservancy is an organization that fights to make higher education equal and available. Lloyd Thacker is the Executive Director of the Education Conservancy, saying that the college admission process has changed a lot. \n\n\"Over the past 30 years, college admissions have become more complex.\" He says that ranking systems for colleges and universities are a big part of the problem. \n\nU.S. News and World Report is a media company that creates a list of what it calls \"America's Best Colleges.\" The company bases the list on information collected from colleges and universities across the country. This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT from all of a school's students. Higher average test results help put schools higher on the list. \n\nThacker claims, \"Too many students are learning to do whatever it takes in order to get ahead, even if that means sacrificing their own individuality, their health, their happiness and behavior...\" \n\n\"The impact on students and on parents is that college is all about where you go. The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the college.\" \n\nThe Harvard report states that the best way to change the admission process is by changing college applications.", "question": "He is the executive director of which organization?", "context": "David Hawkins is executive director of Educational Content And Policy. Lloyd Thacker is executive director of The Education Conservancy.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Hawkins)-[is executive director of]->(Educational Content And Policy) || (Lloyd Thacker)-[is executive director of]->(The Education Conservancy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0129", "coqa_story": "Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. \n\nHistorically, manganese is named for pyrolusite and other black minerals from the region of Magnesia in Greece, which also gave its name to magnesium and the iron ore magnetite. By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite (now known to be manganese dioxide) contained a new element, but they were unable to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, which he did by reducing the dioxide with carbon. \n\nManganese phosphating is used for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Ionized manganese is used industrially as pigments of various colors, which depend on the oxidation state of the ions. The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries. \n\nIn biology, manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions. Manganese enzymes are particularly essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals in organisms that must deal with elemental oxygen. Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants. While the element is a required trace mineral for all known living organisms, it also acts as a neurotoxin in larger amounts. Especially through inhalation, it can cause manganism, a condition in mammals leading to neurological damage that is sometimes irreversible.", "question": "What is it used as?", "context": "Ionized Manganese is used as Pigments. Manganese Dioxide is used as Cathode Material.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ionized Manganese)-[used as]->(Pigments) || (Manganese Dioxide)-[used as]->(Cathode Material)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0130", "coqa_story": "Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. However, monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass. \n\nMany major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water. It is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation and consequently the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog. At even higher low earth orbit altitudes, sufficient atomic oxygen is present to cause erosion for spacecraft.", "question": "Why are oxygen levels in the Earth's atmosphere decreasing?", "context": "Oxygen levels in the Earth's atmosphere are decreasing due to fossil-fuel burning.", "based_on_pattern": "(Earth'S Atmosphere)-[HAS_DECREASING_OXYGEN_LEVELS_DUE_TO]->(Fossil-Fuel Burning)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0131", "coqa_story": "John and Booby joined a wholesale company together just after graduation from college the same year. Both worked very hard. After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to the position of manager but John remained an ordinary employee . John could not take it any more, so he sent his resignation and complained that the boss did not value hard working workers but only promoted those who said good words of him. \n\nThe boss knew that John worked very hard for the years. He thought for a moment and said, \"Thank you for telling me, but I have a request. I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you will change your mind and take back your resignation.\" \n\nJohn agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelons in the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelons. The boss asked how much per kg, John shook his head and went back to the market to ask and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kg. \n\nThe boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market. Bobby went, returned and said only one person sold watermelons. $1.2 for a kg, $10 for 10kg and his watermelons added up to 340. On the table 58 melons, every melon weighs about 2 kg, bought from the south two days ago and they were fresh, red and good quality. \n\nJohn was surprised and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to go away but to learn from Bobby. \n\nThe story tells us that a more successful person is more concerned and thinks more. Chances are there in the daily details. For the same thing, a person sees one year ahead, while another sees only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, how could you win?", "question": "How many items are on the Watermelon Seller's table?", "context": "There are 58 items on the Watermelon Seller's table.", "based_on_pattern": "(Watermelon Seller)-[HAS_ON_TABLE]->(58)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0132", "coqa_story": "(EW.com ) -- Back in 1977, Ron Howard made his directorial debut with a low-budget, high-octane car-crash comedy called \"Grand Theft Auto.\" \n\nAs first impressions go, it did not signal the second coming of Orson Welles. But the freckle-faced former \"Happy Days\" star radiated an infectious delight in smashing as many roaring muscle cars as he could get away with. \n\nSince then, of course, Howard has become one of Hollywood's most consistent and respected filmmakers, crafting well-made crowd-pleasers that tackle more highbrow subjects. But judging from his white-knuckle new film, \"Rush,\" he hasn't outgrown his youthful sweet tooth for four-wheeled mayhem. He still has hot rods and the death-defying men who drive them on his mind. \n\nBased on the real-life rivalry between Formula One racing legends James Hunt and Niki Lauda, \"Rush\" is a tale of two opposite personalities eyeing the same checkered-flag goal: winning the 1976 world championship. Chris Hemsworth draws the flashier role in Hunt, a fast-burning British bad boy with flowing blond locks, silk shirts unbuttoned to his navel, and a rakish playboy swagger. \n\nOn and off the track, he's wild, cocky, and undisciplined \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a deadly combination when you're strapped into a coffin on wheels going 170 miles an hour. ''The closer you are to death, the more alive you feel,'' Hemsworth's Hunt says. And it's thanks to the \"Thor\" star's champagne-spraying charisma that he makes risking your neck look like the coolest job on the planet. \n\nAs Lauda, \"Inglourious Basterds'\" Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl buries his boyish good looks behind ratlike prosthetic teeth. With his clipped Austrian accent, everything that comes out of his mouth sounds like a brusque insult. And it usually is. He may not be a particularly likable fellow, but he's a methodical grinder with the unshakable conviction of someone who's calculated the odds on what it takes to win. Pitted against each other, they're like Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. It's not just about beating the other guy, it's about humiliating him in the process. ", "question": "In a comparison, which cartoon character is Niki Lauda likened to?", "context": "Niki Lauda is compared to The Road Runner.", "based_on_pattern": "(Niki Lauda)-[COMPARED_TO]->(The Road Runner)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0133", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Sasha works for Bennie Salazar. Bennie Salazar works for Record Company.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sasha)-[works for]->(Bennie Salazar) || (Bennie Salazar)-[works for]->(Record Company)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0134", "coqa_story": "An inventor seeks to create a new product that serves a specific need and fulfills a role that other products do not. Sometimes an inventor comes up with a wholly new idea, but more often inventions are simply improvements on an older design. With a little imagination and creativity , an old idea can suddenly become something new. \n\nHowever, creating a new invention means much more than having a brilliant idea. A good designer follows the design process: identifying the challenge, researching and brainstorming ideas , designing a solution, testing and evaluating the ideas, and finally building the product. Designers also use science, math, technology, and engineering to design a tool that satisfies the need they identified. \n\nAnyone can be an inventor --even kids! For example, Chester Greenwood was just fifteen years old when he invented a product that changed his life. In fact, his idea was so good that his invention supported him for the rest of his life. You may not know his name, but you probably know his invention --earmuffs ! \n\nThe inspiration for his earmuff design came to Chester when he was ice-skating. His ears were cold, and he decided to find a way to keep them warm. With the help of his grandmother, he made a new product to protect his ears and at the age of eighteen, Chester patented his earmuff design. \n\nMany other famous inventors started young as well. Margaret Knight --the inventor of the flat-bottomed brown paper bag --is said to have created a safety device for textile looms when she was just twelve years old. Another example is Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, who applied for his first patent when he was just twenty-one years old. Over the course of his life, Thomas Edison patented a total of 1,093 inventions!", "question": "What did they invent?", "context": "Chester Greenwood invented Earmuffs. Margaret Knight invented the Flat-Bottomed Brown Paper Bag.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chester Greenwood)-[invented]->(Earmuffs) || (Margaret Knight)-[invented]->(Flat-Bottomed Brown Paper Bag)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0135", "coqa_story": "Central America () is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate). \n\nCentral America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently; these natural disasters have resulted in the loss of many lives and much property. \n\nIn the Pre-Columbian era, Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east. Soon after Christopher Columbus's voyages to the Americas, the Spanish began to colonize the Americas. From 1609 until 1821, most of the territory within Central America\u00e2\u20ac\u201dexcept for the lands that would become Belize and Panama\u00e2\u20ac\u201dwas governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala. After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821, some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire, but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1823 to 1838. The seven states finally became independent autonomous states: beginning with Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala (1838); followed by El Salvador (1841); then Panama (1903); and finally Belize (1981). Even today, though, people in Central America sometimes still refer to their nations as though they are provinces of a Central American state (e.g. it is still common to write \"C.A.\" after the country names, in formal and informal contexts).", "question": "In which year was it estimated?", "context": "41,739,000 was estimated in 2009. 42,688,190 was estimated in 2012.", "based_on_pattern": "(41,739,000)-[estimated in]->(2009) || (42,688,190)-[estimated in]->(2012)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0136", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "What role did Keith Richards take on within The Rolling Stones?", "context": "Keith Richards assumed leadership of The Rolling Stones.", "based_on_pattern": "(Keith Richards)-[ASSUMED_LEADERSHIP_OF]->(The Rolling Stones)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0137", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "Where is she located?", "context": "Caryn Ruiz is located in Raleigh, North Carolina. Jennifer Merritt is located in Greenbrier, Arkansas.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caryn Ruiz)-[located in]->(Raleigh, North Carolina) || (Jennifer Merritt)-[located in]->(Greenbrier, Arkansas)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0138", "coqa_story": "Today we bring you an old tale. It's the story of the three little pigs and the big bad wolf that blew down a house made of straw and one made of sticks. The only house left standing was the one made of bricks. Now there is new evidence to suggest that houses built with bales of straw can be very strong. They are also very environmental. \n\nPete Walker is a professor at the University of Bath in Britain. He and a team of researchers there have built a house made out of straw bales and hemp material. During the next twelve months the team will study the effectiveness of these materials in home building. Professor Walker says there are many good reasons for using straw. \n\nProfessor Walker: \"One of the benefits is it's a relatively inexpensive renewable material that's readily available.\" He also agrees that straw takes in carbon dioxide as it grows and helps the environment in other ways. So it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment. \n\nProfessor Walker: \"The straw bale walls are relatively thick and so all that straw provides very good thermal insulation. So we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer. So they require very little additional energy.\" \n\nProfessor Walker says this reduces home operating expenses. It also reduces the effect on the environment. He says the current interest in straw bale houses is a direct response to the problem of climate change. \n\nDavid Lanfear owns an eco-friendly home building service in the United States called Bale on Bale Construction. He says he laughed when some friends first told him about houses built of straw. But after doing his own research, he learned that building with straw bales made a lot of sense. He has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted. \n\nTo build the houses, he fills a wood frame with tightly packed bales of straw. Next he coats the walls inside and out with layers of clay plaster. He says the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire. Mr. Lanfear says straw bale houses have done well when tested for fire resistance. And he says his builders use the same building methods as traditional builders to keep out rain. \n\nDavid Lanfear: \"We use what we call good shoes and a good hat, and that would be a solid foundation and a really good roof.\"", "question": "What is it made of?", "context": "House Made Of Sticks is made of Sticks. House Made Of Straw is made of Straw. House Made Of Bricks is made of Bricks.", "based_on_pattern": "(House Made Of Sticks)-[made of]->(Sticks) || (House Made Of Straw)-[made of]->(Straw) || (House Made Of Bricks)-[made of]->(Bricks)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0139", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "George Washington University is located in Washington, D.C. Allegheny College is located in Meadville, Pa. Hamilton College is located in Clinton, N.Y. Emory University is located in Atlanta.", "based_on_pattern": "(George Washington University)-[located in]->(Washington, D.C.) || (Allegheny College)-[located in]->(Meadville, Pa.) || (Hamilton College)-[located in]->(Clinton, N.Y.) || (Emory University)-[located in]->(Atlanta)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0140", "coqa_story": "It was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed, Bunny couldn't fall asleep. He still couldn't think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present. He wondered how Santa -- Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn't know himself.,. . As he was sitting up in bed, Bunny heard a big noise on the roof and a sound downstairs. It was Santa Claus, he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop. By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs, everything was silent again. Lots of presents were put under the Christmas tree, but Santa was gone. A little disappointed , Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry. \"Hello,\" said Bunny. \"Is somebody there?\" He was answered by another cry. Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal with big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for a dog. \"Are you a reindeer?\" asked Bunny. \"Yes,\" replied the brown animal with antlers. \"My name is Ralph.\" \"And you were pulling Santa's sled ?\" \"I was until I got air-sick,\" replied Ralph. \"Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven reindeer.\" \"Isn't it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get air-sick? I mean, isn't flying what reindeer are famous for?\" \"Not me, I'm afraid. It makes me scared. I always feel sick when it comes to flying,\" replied Ralph. \"But everyone wanted me to pull Santa's sled, so when it was my turn I gave it a try. I'm afraid I just wasn't _ for the job. Now I'm stuck here and I don't know how to get back to the North Pole.\" \"Well, if you like, you can stay with us as a friend,\" said Bunny. As he made the offer, Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted from Santa was a new friend!", "question": "Who is he a friend of?", "context": "Bunny is a friend of Ralph. Ralph is a friend of Bunny.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bunny)-[is friend of]->(Ralph) || (Ralph)-[is friend of]->(Bunny)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0141", "coqa_story": "World Book Day is a celebration of all things wonderful about books for all ages, with author events, school fancy-dress parades and a PS1 book token given to all school children under 18. It is a yearly event on 23rd April, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) to promote reading. \n\nIn the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. On 3rd March 2016 children of all ages in the UK will come together to appreciate reading. Sometimes, reading a modern novel can be tough ( Booker Prize winner The Luminaries runs to 832 pages! ), especially if reading is not your strong suit. In fact, one in six people in the UK never pick up a book because they've experienced difficulties or are out of the habit of reading for pleasure. \n\nThe Galaxy Quick Reads series are designed to introduce reluctant readers to bestselling short funny novels, which bring the joy of reading without demanding hours of concentrated time. They cover a range of subjects, from romance to comedy. \n\nJojo Moyes's Paris For One is a romantic adventure in which 26-year-old Nell books a weekend away to Paris with her lazy, neglectful boyfriend. When he fails to turn up, she is alone in the city. That is, until she meets Fabien, who shows her the charms of the French capital -- in more ways than one. \n\nAdele Geras's moving story Out In The Dark was set in World War I, in which young Rob came back from the battlefields. Determined to find the officer's widow to return the photo of her and their daughter that the captain kept with him, he traveled several thousand miles but never gave up. \n\nDead Man Talking is a fantastic tale of Pat, who had a terrible fight with his best friend, Joe, ten years ago -- but now hears that Joe is dead, and he must attend his funeral. But Joe is not going quietly that very night -- he's lying in his coffin being very chatty indeed.", "question": "What book did she write?", "context": "Adele Geras is author of Out In The Dark. Jojo Moyes is author of Paris For One.", "based_on_pattern": "(Adele Geras)-[is author of]->(Out In The Dark) || (Jojo Moyes)-[is author of]->(Paris For One)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0142", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "What nationality are they?", "context": "Karen Blixen has nationality Danish. Sophie has nationality Polish. Abba has nationality Swedish. Meryl Streep has nationality American. Francesca Johnson has nationality Italian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karen Blixen)-[has nationality]->(Danish) || (Sophie)-[has nationality]->(Polish) || (Abba)-[has nationality]->(Swedish) || (Meryl Streep)-[has nationality]->(American) || (Francesca Johnson)-[has nationality]->(Italian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0143", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "In which book can the character Sally be found?", "context": "The character Sally can be found in the book 'The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sally)-[CHARACTER_IN]->(The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0144", "coqa_story": "Library and Archives Canada (LAC) (in ) is a federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving and making Canada's documentary heritage accessible. LAC reports to Parliament through M\u00c3\u00a9lanie Joly, the Minister of Canadian Heritage since November 4, 2015. \n\nThe Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture and was transformed into the autonomous Public Archives of Canada in 1912 and renamed the National Archives of Canada in 1987. The National Library of Canada was founded in 1953. Freda Farrell Waldon contributed to the writing of the brief which led to the founding of the National Library of Canada. In 2004, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) combined the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. It was established by the \"Library and Archives of Canada Act\" (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004. A subsequent Order in Council dated May 21, 2004 united the collections, services and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Since inception LAC has reported to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. \n\nLAC's stated mandate is: \n\nLAC is expected to maintain \"effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability\". \n\nLAC's holdings include the archival records of the Government of Canada, representative private archives, 20 million books acquired largely through legal deposit, 24 million photographs, and more than a petabyte of digital content. Some of this content, primarily the book collection, university theses and census material, is available online. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013 only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing \"about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items\".", "question": "By which act was Library and Archives Canada established?", "context": "Library and Archives Canada was established by the Library and Archives of Canada Act.", "based_on_pattern": "(Library And Archives Canada)-[ESTABLISHED_BY]->(Library And Archives Of Canada Act)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0145", "coqa_story": "On the bus, on the subway, every head is lowered to a cell phone, iPad, or other digital device. But does this mean more and more people are getting into reading the digital way? According to the National Reading Survey, before the 17thWorld Reading Day on April 23, only 1.2 percent of Chinese people said they read a lot. But 38.6 percent said they read on digital devices like cell phone and e-books. This is a 17.7 percent increase from 2010. Many experts are talking about a trend toward fragmented reading --reading many short messages or items on a digital device like a cell phone instead of one long text in a book. Zhao jianmin, a professor at Shanghai University, said fragmented reading was part of modern life. \"The fast _ of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book,\" he said. \"So making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend\" Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can enjoy large amounts of information, knowledge and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster than traditional deep reading. However, some experts fear the trend of digital reading will lead people to read in a simple way. Xu Guosheng, at a Chinese Academy of Press and Publication, says fragmented reading makes it harder for people to think more about what they read. He also warned fragmented reading could make people lazy about remembering facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. \"Fragmented reading is sometimes good, but don't let it take all your time,\" suggested Tian Zhilng, an editor. He said it was important to read quality books in a deeper way, and we should read for knowledge, for practical use and for pleasure. He suggested people choose easy books first, then move onto more difficult ones.", "question": "According to Xu Guosheng, what kind of reading makes people lazy?", "context": "Xu Guosheng warned that Fragmented Reading makes people lazy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Xu Guosheng)-[WARNED_MAKES_PEOPLE_LAZY]->(Fragmented Reading)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0146", "coqa_story": "SAN FRANCISCO--A phone app in San Francisco gives information about open parking spots. City officials in San Francisco introduced the app to try to reduce traffic jams in the city, but some say it raises safety concerns. \n\nIn this city, drivers searching for parking spots lead to 30 percent of all downtown jams, city officials think. Now San Francisco has found a solution--a phone app for spot-seekers that displays information about areas with available spaces. The system, introduced last month, relies on wireless sensors fixed in streets and city garages that can tell within seconds if a spot has opened up. \n\nMonique Soltani, a TV reporter, said she and her sister spent 25 minutes on Friday trying to park. \"We were praying to the parking god that we'd find a spot,\" she said. \"If we had the app, we would not have to pray to the parking god.\" But the system could come with serious consequences. \n\nSome people say that drivers searching for parking could end up focusing on their phones, not the road. \"It could be really distracting ,\" said Daniel Simons, a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. \n\nCity officials acknowledge the potential problem. They are urging drivers to pull over before they use the city's iPhone app, or to do so before they leave home. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said safety could actually improve if drivers quickly found a spot instead of circling and getting frustrated. \n\nSan Francisco has put sensors into 7,000 parking spots and 12,250 spots in city garages. If spaces in an area open up, the sensors communicate wirelessly with computers that in turn make the information available to app users within a minute, said Mr. Ford, of the transportation agency. On the app, a map shows which blocks have lots of places (blue) and which are full (red). \n\nMore than 12,000 people have downloaded San Francisco's app, which is available now only for the iPhone but which city officials say they hope to bring to all similar devices. \n\nWhen it is started up, the city's parking app warns drivers not to use the system while in motion. But safety advocates said that might not be sufficient. After all, they say, texting while driving is illegal in California and in many states, but a number of surveys, including one by the Pew Research Center, show that many Americans do it anyway. \n\nElizabeth Stampe, executive director of Walk San Francisco, a pedestrian advocacy group, said she hoped the new parking app would lead to fewer accidents. \n\n\"It's an innovative idea,\" she said. \"The safe way for people to use the device is for them to pull over, which they know they should do. The question is whether they will.\" \n\nBut Ms. Soltani, the TV reporter, said using the app would probably join the group of activities already performed by drivers. \n\n\"We're already looking at Google Maps and Facebook on the phone while we drive,\" she said. \"Aren't we always looking at something on our phone, or changing the radio, or drinking coffee? You're always slightly distracted when you're driving.\"", "question": "What organization are they affiliated with?", "context": "Elizabeth Stampe is affiliated with Walk San Francisco. Nathaniel Ford is affiliated with San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. Daniel Simons is affiliated with University Of Illinois.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elizabeth Stampe)-[affiliated with]->(Walk San Francisco) || (Nathaniel Ford)-[affiliated with]->(San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency) || (Daniel Simons)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Illinois)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0147", "coqa_story": "The West Indies or Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago. \n\nThe region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf Coast, and then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America. \n\nBermuda is also included within the region even though it is in the west-central Atlantic, due to its common cultural history created by European colonization of the region, and in most of the region by the presence of a significant group of African descent. \n\nIndigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies. In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands, where he is believed by historians to have first stepped foot in the Bahamas. After the first of the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas, Europeans began to use the term \"West Indies\" to distinguish the region from the East Indies of South Asia and Southeast Asia. \n\nIn the late sixteenth century, French, English and Dutch merchants and privateers began their operations in the Caribbean Sea, attacking Spanish and Portuguese shipping and coastal areas. They often took refuge and refitted their ships in the areas the Spanish could not conquer, including the islands of the Lesser Antilles, the northern coast of South America including the mouth of the Orinoco, and the Atlantic Coast of Central America. In the Lesser Antilles they managed to establish a foothold following the colonization of St Kitts in 1624 and Barbados in 1626, and when the Sugar Revolution took off in the mid-seventeenth century, they brought in thousands of Africans to work the fields and mills as slave laborers. These Africans wrought a demographic revolution, replacing or joining with either the indigenous Caribs or the European settlers who were there as indentured servants.", "question": "Who were the first inhabitants of the West Indies?", "context": "The Indigenous Peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies.", "based_on_pattern": "(Indigenous Peoples)-[FIRST_INHABITANTS_OF]->(West Indies)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0148", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "What was the original name given to the invention we now know as Liquid Paper?", "context": "Liquid Paper was originally called Mistake Out.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liquid Paper)-[ORIGINALLY_CALLED]->(Mistake Out)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0149", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VIII: PASSING THE OUBLIETTE \n\n\n\nWho can describe the dreariness of being snowed-up all the winter with such a mother-in-law as Freiherrinn Kunigunde? \n\nYet it was well that the snow came early, for it was the best defence of the lonely castle from any attack on the part of the Schlangenwaldern, the Swabian League, or the next heir, Freiherr Kasimir von Adlerstein Wildschloss. The elder Baroness had, at least, the merit of a stout heart, and, even with her sadly-reduced garrison, feared none of them. She had been brought up in the faith that Adlerstein was impregnable, and so she still believed; and, if the disaster that had cut off her husband and son was to happen at all, she was glad that it had befallen before the homage had been paid. Probably the Schlangenwald Count knew how tough a morsel the castle was like to prove, and Wildschloss was serving at a distance, for nothing was heard of either during the short interval while the roads were still open. During this time an attempt had been made through Father Norbert to ascertain what had become of the corpses of the two Barons and their followers, and it had appeared that the Count had carried them all off from the inn, no doubt to adorn his castle with their limbs, or to present them to the Emperor in evidence of his zeal for order. The old Baron could not indeed have been buried in consecrated ground, nor have masses said for him; but for the weal of her son's soul Dame Kunigunde gave some of her few ornaments, and Christina added her gold earrings, and all her scanty purse, that both her husband and father might be joined in the prayers of the Church--trying with all her might to put confidence in Hugh Sorel's Loretto relic, and the Indulgence he had bought, and trusting with more consolatory thoughts to the ever stronger dawnings of good she had watched in her own Eberhard. ", "question": "To whom did the Schlangenwald Count intend to present corpses?", "context": "The Schlangenwald Count intended to present corpses to the Emperor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Schlangenwald Count)-[INTENDED_TO_PRESENT_CORPSES_TO]->(Emperor)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0150", "coqa_story": "John Steinbeck once said, \"All Americans believe they are born fishermen. For a man to admit to a distaste in fishing would be like denouncing mother - love or hating moonlight.\" \n\nI can't say that I'm the biggest John Steinbeck fan. Actually, the only thing I can ever remember reading by him was \"The pearl\" when I was in middle school, but I couldn't agree more with the man when it comes to fishing. Whether I am on a boat in the middle of the Lay Lake, fishing off the shores of the Florida Keys for tarpon or catching rainbow trout in the Shoshone River of Wyoming, fishing is my life. \n\nAccording to the American Sports Fishing Association, the fishing industry brings in more than $ 116 billion per year from fishermen across the country. \n\nThough a beautiful picture to imagine, fishing is much more than that. Fishing is a way of life for many people and a way to escape everyday stress. Being a fisherman makes me a member of a wonderful group of people extending to all walks of life. Even President Obama can be found fishing on his farm in Texas with his good friend Roland Martin when the job gets too stressful. \n\nI can remember fishing with my grandfather when I was 5 years old on his boat at Lake Mitchell. Although I didn't understand what I was doing, I did know that my grandfather was happy and that made me happy. Since then I've spent the past 16 years on the rivers and lakes of Alabama. \n\nAfter days of practice, before and after work, I slowly developed an understanding of fishing. My boss, Ric Horst, took me back to the Shoshone, and I managed to bring in a 19-inch cutthroat trout. Fishing with Ric was a life-changing experience for me. He not only showed me how to fish correctly, but also told me how fishing could be a way to escape your problems. \n\nSince then, prime-time season seems to take forever to arrive. \n\nNow, with the ending of February and beginning of March in sight, the excitement of heading out Lake Tuscaloosa or Lake Lurleen before classes and catching something has finally returned.", "question": "What book did John Steinbeck author?", "context": "John Steinbeck authored The Pearl.", "based_on_pattern": "(John Steinbeck)-[AUTHOR_OF]->(The Pearl)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0151", "coqa_story": "Robert Frost was one of America's best known and most honored serious writers. But his fame came late in his life. He was born in San Francisco, California in 1874. He lived in California during his early childhood. He was named after the chief Southern general in America's Civil War. The general's name was Robert Edward Lee. The poet was named Robert Lee Frost, because his father wanted to honor the general. Someone once asked another American writer, Ernest Hemingway, how to become a writer. The best thing, he said, was to have an unhappy childhood. If this is true, Robert Frost's childhood was unhappy enough to make him a very good writer. Robert Frost's father was a reporter who wanted to be a politician. He often drank too much wine and became angry. Robert was the victim of his anger. Robert Frost finished high school in 1891. After high school, Robert's grandfather offered to pay his costs at Dartmouth College. But Robert left the school after a few months. He did not like it. He spent the next few years working at different jobs. At one time, he worked in a factory. Later, he repaired shoes. He was a teacher. He was a reporter. Always, he wrote poetry. Robert Frost attended Harvard University for two years. After that, he returned to the many jobs he held before. For a while, Frost tried to take care of a farm in the state of New Hampshire. He was not a successful farmer. And he continued to write poetry. He said that until 1930, he earned only about ten dollars a year from writing. In 1912, he decided to try to make a new start. He took his family to Britain. The cost of living was low. In Britain, Frost found a publisher for his first book of poems. The book was called A Boy's Will. When it appeared in 1913. Frost received high praise from British readers. Praise was something he had not received in his own country. Ezra Pound, another American poet living in Britain, read the poems and liked them very much. He wrote a magazine article about Frost. He also helped get Frost's second book of poems published in America. That book was called North of Boston.", "question": "Which fellow poet was a subject of Ezra Pound's writing?", "context": "Ezra Pound wrote about the poet Robert Frost.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ezra Pound)-[WROTE_ABOUT]->(Robert Frost)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0152", "coqa_story": "On a Saturday morning earlier this September, the world got its first look at the Strati. This electric vehicle is unlike any other currently on the road. It rolls on four wheels, but its body and chassis weren't built in a factory. Instead, Strati's designers used a technology called 3-D printing. It created those parts of the car in one piece, from the ground up. \"Compared to a typical vehicle on the road, the Strati definitely looks different,\" says Greg Schroeder, a senior research engineer at the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, Mich. He did not work on the new car. His organization studies trends and changes in the auto industry. It took 44 hours to print the new car at the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago. Over the next few days, the car's designers installed additional parts. These included the car's engine, brakes and tires. Then, early on September 13, Jay Rogers climbed into the car, started its engine and drove the vehicle onto the street. Rogers helped found Local Motors. It's the Arizona-based company behind the Strati. Two weeks later, his team printed a second Strati, and just as fast, at a fair in New York City. Justin Fishkin, a local Motors official, sees the Strati as a window into the future. Today, car buyers are limited in their choice of a vehicle. They can order only what car companies have already designed. But in the future, he says, you may be able to design your own car online and then get it printed to order. Manufacturing experts say 3-D printing has begun to revolutionize how they make things. The technology has been around for decades. But these machines used to be so expensive that only large companies could afford them. In the last few years, though, that has changed. Many of the machines are now inexpensive enough for small companies--or even individuals --to own. Some local libraries make them available to the public. High Schools are beginning to use them in classrooms. Wide access to these printers means people can now design and print a wide variety of new things. The car's printer is a one-of-a-kind device. The technology behind the 3-D printer used in Chicago is an example of additive manufacturing. This process builds solid objects, slice by slice, from the bottom up. (\"Strati\" means layers, in Italian.) A mechanical arm moves a _ from one side to another, back and forth. As it moves, the nozzle deposits a liquid--often melted plastic or metal (but it could be food, concrete or even cells) --that quickly hardens or bonds to become solid or semi-solid. This creates a single, thin layer. Once a layer is complete, the printer starts depositing the next one. \"There's a lot of interest in 3-D printing in the auto industry,\" says Schroeder. Right now, the technology is particularly useful for building models of cars or car parts. To compete with current auto manufacturers, the 3-D printer would have to increase in a hurry, Schroeder says. By contrast, he notes, a Ford F-150 pickup truck rolls off an assembly line at a rate of roughly one per minute. To print as many Stratis would require many more printers. Schroeder says he doesn't see 3-D printing soon taking over for such high-volume manufacturing. But, he adds, \"Who knows what will happen in the long term?\" Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee designed the 3-D printer used in Chicago. Lonnie Love, a research scientist at the lab, led the effort. Additive manufacturing often is slow and expensive. It also may produce materials that are unreliable, Love says. So for two years, his team searched for ways to make 3-D printing better. They built new machines and tested them over and over. All of that work paid off: their new machine is fast and uses less expensive material than earlier printers. In addition, it prints a plastic embedded with fibers of carbon to produce a stronger material. This helps ensure the material won't crack or break under pressure.", "question": "What type of manufacturing process is 3-D Printing considered to be?", "context": "3-D Printing is a type of Additive Manufacturing.", "based_on_pattern": "(3-D Printing)-[IS_TYPE_OF]->(Additive Manufacturing)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0153", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"L.A. Law\" had buzz right from the moment it premiered in 1986. \n\nCo-created by Steven Bochco, hot off his success with \"Hill Street Blues,\" the series was set at the high-priced Los Angeles law firm of McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak. \n\nThe cast was glossy and diverse, including Jimmy Smits, Blair Underwood, Jill Eikenberry, Michael Tucker, Susan Dey, Richard Dysart, Alan Rachins and Corbin Bernsen. \n\nMost of all, it pushed the boundaries of the legal show the way \"Hill Street\" did with cop shows. \n\n\"L.A. Law's\" principals argued cases involving rape, capital punishment, big business, child molestation, AIDS and medical malpractice at a time when such subjects were seldom mentioned on prime-time television, and certainly not in such detail. This was no \"Perry Mason,\" or even \"The Defenders.\" \n\nBochco being Bochco, the hard stuff was paired with moments of silly humor and steamy sex (or silly sex and steamy humor), making for a high-wire balance of drama and comedy. \n\nOne first-season episode got people talking about a fictional sex act called the \"Venus Butterfly\"; later, the show actually killed off a character by dropping her down an elevator shaft. \n\nThe big hair and big-shouldered suits of the '80s may be gone, but the show remains influential. David E. Kelley, a real-life lawyer who later created \"Picket Fences,\" \"The Practice\" and \"Ally McBeal,\" got his television start as a writer on \"L.A. Law.\" \n\nThe show's first season is finally out on DVD, with the second expected to follow in a few months. CNN spoke to Smits, now a star of \"Sons of Anarchy\" who played idealistic Hispanic attorney Victor Sifuentes, and Alan Rachins, who played bottom-line-oriented partner Douglas Brackman Jr. and later starred on \"Dharma and Greg,\" about the show and its impact. ", "question": "Who was a writer for the television show L.A. Law?", "context": "David E. Kelley was a writer for L.A. Law.", "based_on_pattern": "(David E. Kelley)-[WAS_WRITER_FOR]->(L.A. Law)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0154", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Mohamed Morsi is an American-educated engineer who vows to stand for democracy, women's rights, and peaceful relations with Israel if he wins the Egyptian presidency. \n\nHe's also an Islamist figure who has argued for barring women from the Egyptian presidency and called Israeli leaders \"vampires\" and \"killers.\" One analyst describes him as an \"icon\" of those seeking an \"extreme agenda.\" \n\nAs Morsi, 60, battles to win the presidency, questions surround how much of a hard line he would take, and what direction he would steer the country. \n\nMorsi leads the Freedom and Justice Party, the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood -- the most powerful political movement in the new Egyptian government, controlling about half of parliament. \n\nHis party notes that he was arrested several times under President Hosni Mubarak's regime for protesting \"repressive measures and oppressive practices,\" as well as \"rigged elections.\" At one point he spent seven months in jail. \n\nAnalysts say Morsi is focusing his campaign on appealing to the broadest possible audience. \n\nBut he \"represents the older, more conservative wing of the Brotherhood and openly endorses a strict Islamic vision,\" Isobel Coleman of the Council on Foreign Relations wrote in a column for CNN.com. \n\n\"A vote for Mohamed Morsi will consolidate the Brotherhood's political influence, which could translate into a constitution with weaker provisions for protection of minority and women's rights.\" \n\nA slogan associated with his campaign, \"Islam is the solution,\" is sparking concerns Morsi could introduce a fundamentalist Islamic theocracy. \n\nHe told CNN he has no such plans. His party seeks \"an executive branch that represents the people's true will and implements their public interests,\" Morsi told CNN's Christiane Amanpour. ", "question": "Who does she work for?", "context": "Isobel Coleman works for Council On Foreign Relations. Christiane Amanpour works for Cnn.", "based_on_pattern": "(Isobel Coleman)-[works for]->(Council On Foreign Relations) || (Christiane Amanpour)-[works for]->(Cnn)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0155", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. \n\nTELLS OF DESPAIR AND A WILD PURSUIT. \n\nOn discovering that Nunaga and the children were not at Moss Bay, and that there were no fresh sledge tracks in that region to tell of their whereabouts, Simek drove back to the village at a wild scamper, in a state of mind very much the reverse of jovial. His hope was that the girl might have been to some other locality, and had perhaps returned during his absence; but the first glance at Nuna put that hope to flight, for the poor woman was in a state of terrible anxiety. \n\nCheery little Kunelik and her mild son did their best to comfort her, but without success, for she knew well the determined character of the man who had probably carried off her children. \n\n\"Has she not come back?\" demanded Simek, appearing, like an infuriated Polar bear, at the inside opening of the passage to Okiok's mansion. \n\n\"No,\" gasped Nuna. \n\nSimek said no more, but backed out faster than he had come in. Ippegoo followed him. \n\n\"Run, Ippe; tell all the men to get all their sledges and dogs ready, and come here to me.\" \n\nIppegoo ran off at once, while the energetic hunter rearranged the fastenings of his own sledge and team as if for a long journey. \n\nHe was thus engaged when Okiok and Angut were seen approaching the village at an easy trot. Evidently they knew nothing of what had occurred. Simek ran out to meet them. A few words sufficed to explain. The news seemed to stun both men at first, but the after-effect on each was wonderfully different. The blood rushed to Okiok's face like a torrent. He clenched his hands and teeth, glared and stamped, and went on like one deranged--as indeed for the moment he was. Angut, on the other hand, was perfectly self-possessed and subdued, but his heaving chest, quivering nostrils, compressed lips, and frowning brows told that a volcano of emotion raged within. ", "question": "Who is she the mother of?", "context": "Nuna is mother of Children. Kunelik is mother of Kunelik'S Son.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nuna)-[is mother of]->(Children) || (Kunelik)-[is mother of]->(Kunelik'S Son)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0156", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "What role did Keith Richards play in the band Rolling Stones?", "context": "Keith Richards was the guitarist of the Rolling Stones.", "based_on_pattern": "(Keith Richards)-[GUITARIST_OF]->(Rolling Stones)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0157", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER X. \n\nA BOLD ATTEMPT. \n\nDuring the next ten or eleven months poor Mrs. Trevennack had but one abiding terror--that a sudden access of irrepressible insanity might attack her husband before Cleer and Eustace could manage to get married. Trevennack, however, with unvarying tenderness, did his best in every way to calm her fears. Though no word on the subject passed between them directly, he let her feel with singular tact that he meant to keep himself under proper control. Whenever a dangerous topic cropped up in conversation, he would look across at her affectionately, with a reassuring smile. \"For Cleer's sake,\" he murmured often, if she was close by his side; \"for Cleer's sake, dearest!\" and his wife, mutely grateful, knew at once what he meant, and smiled approval sadly. \n\nHer heart was very full; her part was a hard one to play with fitting cheerfulness; but in his very madness itself she couldn't help loving, admiring, and respecting that strong, grave husband who fought so hard against his own profound convictions. \n\nTen months passed away, however, and Eustace Le Neve didn't seem to get much nearer any permanent appointment than ever. He began to tire at last of applying unsuccessfully for every passing vacancy. Now and then he got odd jobs, to be sure; but odd jobs won't do for a man to marry upon; and serious work seemed always to elude him. Walter Tyrrel did his best, no doubt, to hunt up all the directors of all the companies he knew; but no posts fell vacant on any line they were connected with. It grieved Walter to the heart, for he had always had the sincerest friendship for Eustace Le Neve; and now that Eustace was going to marry Cleer Trevennack, Walter felt himself doubly bound in honor to assist him. It was HE who had ruined the Trevennacks' hopes in life by his unintentional injury to their only son; the least he could do in return, he thought, and felt, was to make things as easy as possible for their daughter and her intended husband. ", "question": "Who are they married to?", "context": "Cleer Trevennack is married to Eustace Le Neve. Eustace Le Neve is married to Cleer Trevennack.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cleer Trevennack)-[to be married to]->(Eustace Le Neve) || (Eustace Le Neve)-[to be married to]->(Cleer Trevennack)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0158", "coqa_story": "Sikhism (), or Sikhi ( \"\", , from \"Sikh\", meaning a \"disciple\", or a \"learner\"), is a monotheistic Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab. \n\nSikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru, and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, impersonal spiritual guide for Sikhs. Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. \n\nSikhism emphasises simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to avoid the \"Five Thieves\" (lust, rage, greed, attachment and conceit). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life. Guru Nanak taught that living an \"active, creative, and practical life\" of \"truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity\" is above the metaphysical truth, and that the ideal man is one who \"establishes union with God, knows His Will, and carries out that Will\". Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru, established the political/temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms to be mutually coexistent.", "question": "Who did Guru Gobind Singh name as the successor to the Guruship?", "context": "Guru Gobind Singh named the Guru Granth Sahib as the successor to the Guruship.", "based_on_pattern": "(Guru Gobind Singh)-[NAMED_AS_SUCCESSOR]->(Guru Granth Sahib)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0159", "coqa_story": "For most caffeine consumers, its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine. \"Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money,\" he adds. \"What makes it different from other drugs is that it's used as a productivity tool -- not for pleasure.\" Many of history's creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption. According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day. \"Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live,\" he once insisted. For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee \"with lots of sugar\" in one sitting, which he said would guarantee that \"lots of ideas\" arrived. Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed coffee. Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams, who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day. It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. \"A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process,\" he adds. \"You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus.\" One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently -- it is impossible to work out a \"safe\" limit that works for everyone. \"Eventually, you have to become your own scientist -- there isn't an alternative to careful self-experimentation,\" he says.", "question": "Who is the author of the book 'Daily Rituals: How Artists Work'?", "context": "Mason Currey is the author of 'Daily Rituals: How Artists Work'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mason Currey)-[IS_AUTHOR_OF]->(Daily Rituals: How Artists Work)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0160", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "According to the provided information, which company is a competitor of Apple?", "context": "Google is a competitor of Apple.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple)-[IS_COMPETITOR_OF]->(Google)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0161", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II: The Jacobite Agent. \n\nSo twelve years passed. Ronald Leslie grew up a sturdy lad, full of fun and mischief in spite of the sober atmosphere of the bailie's house; and neither flogging at school nor lecturing at home appeared to have the slightest effect in reducing him to that state of sober tranquillity which was in Mrs. Anderson's eyes the thing to be most desired in boys. Andrew was less deeply shocked than his wife at the discovery of Ronald's various delinquencies, but his sense of order and punctuality was constantly outraged. He was, however, really fond of the lad; and even Mrs. Anderson, greatly as the boy's ways constantly disturbed and ruffled her, was at heart as fond of him as was her husband. She considered, and not altogether wrongly, that his wilderness, as she called it, was in no slight degree due to his association with her husband's brother. \n\nRonald looked forward to the periodical visits of the drover with intense longing. He was sure of a sympathetic listener in Malcolm, who listened with approval to the tales of the various scrapes into which he had got since his last visit; of how, instead of going to school, he had played truant and with another boy his own age had embarked in a fisherman's boat and gone down the river and had not been able to get back until next day; how he had played tricks upon his dominie, and had conquered in single combat the son of Councillor Duff, the butcher, who had spoken scoffing words at the Stuarts. Malcolm was, in fact, delighted to find, that in spite of repression and lectures his young charge was growing up a lad of spirit. He still hoped that some day Leslie might return, and he knew how horrified he would be were he to find that his son was becoming a smug and well conducted citizen. No small portion of his time on each of his visits to Glasgow Malcolm spent in training the boy in the use of arms. ", "question": "Who is responsible for training Ronald Leslie in the use of arms?", "context": "Malcolm trains Ronald Leslie in the use of arms.", "based_on_pattern": "(Malcolm)-[TRAINS_IN_USE_OF_ARMS]->(Ronald Leslie)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0162", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "What institution is Rufus Johnson's Mother in?", "context": "Rufus Johnson's Mother is in the State Penitentiary.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rufus Johnson'S Mother)-[IS_IN]->(State Penitentiary)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0163", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "What role does he have?", "context": "Keith Richards has the role of Backing Vocals. Mick Jagger has the role of Lead Vocals.", "based_on_pattern": "(Keith Richards)-[has role]->(Backing Vocals) || (Mick Jagger)-[has role]->(Lead Vocals)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0164", "coqa_story": "Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. However, monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass. \n\nMany major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water. It is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation and consequently the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog. At even higher low earth orbit altitudes, sufficient atomic oxygen is present to cause erosion for spacecraft.", "question": "What is its formula?", "context": "Dioxygen has the formula O 2. Ozone has the formula O 3.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dioxygen)-[has formula]->(O 2) || (Ozone)-[has formula]->(O 3)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0165", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "Over which territory did Pakistan fight a war?", "context": "Pakistan fought a war over Kashmir.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pakistan)-[FOUGHT_WAR_OVER]->(Kashmir)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0166", "coqa_story": "Long ago, Bluebird's feathers were the colour of dust. She did not like her ugly colour. She was attracted by the colour of the lake near her home. It was as blue as the sky after a storm. Bluebird wanted to be the colour of that beautiful lake very much. Flapping her wings one morning, Bluebird flew from her tree to the blue lake. Then she bathed in the water three times. After each bath, she sang, \"Blue water. Still water. I went in. I am blue.\" Bluebird repeated this every morning. On the third day, she came out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Now Coyote was a trickster --and hungry too. He stayed behind Bluebird's tree for a long time every day and watched her go to the lake. He pretended to be interested in everything she did. He wanted Bluebird for lunch, but he was afraid of the blue water. On the third morning, Coyote saw Bluebird come out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Impressed, he sat next to Bluebird's tree and waited for her. When she returned, he asked, \"How did you get blue feathers? I want to be blue like the mountains too.\" Bluebird didn't believe Coyote, but she taught him how to bathe three times each morning and how to sing her song. Coyote did what she said, and after three days of bathing in the lake, his white fur turned deep blue. Convinced that blue fur was even more beautiful than blue feathers, Coyote forgot all about being hungry. He ran as fast as he could to the top of the hill. Standing on his back legs, he raised his front legs off the ground and howled. But Coyote slipped and rolled down the hill. He couldn't stop himself, and the dust and dirt covered his new blue fur. He rolled and rolled until he hit into Bluebird's tree heavily. No matter how much he tried, foolish Coyote could not shake the dust from his fur. And so the fur of all coyotes had the dull colour of dust to this very day.", "question": "After the Dust covered the Fur, what color did the Fur become?", "context": "The Fur became the color Blue.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fur)-[BECAME_COLOR]->(Blue)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0167", "coqa_story": "When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up . Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, toldThe Sunday Timesthat he's happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to \"finally being free, being my own person\" - a change signaled by her new haircut. Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he \"did cry like a little girl\" when the last movie finished. \"It's like the ending of a relationship,\" he toldThe Vancouver Sun. \"There's a sense of, 'God, what am I going to do now?'\" He said he was eager to see \"what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts\". Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling's characters. For them, the last film isn't just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods. \"We are the Harry Potter generation,\" Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, toldThe Vancouver Sun.\"We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.\" For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. \"That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything - really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,\" she said. \"I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.\" Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US. Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams - players ride broomsticks. \"We're not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,\" Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. \"We're still engaged in that magical world.\"", "question": "In which country can Carleton University be found?", "context": "Carleton University can be found in Canada.", "based_on_pattern": "(Carleton University)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Canada)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0168", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "What profession did Bram Stoker, the author of Dracula, have?", "context": "Besides being an author, Bram Stoker's profession was a Civil Servant.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bram Stoker)-[HAS_PROFESSION]->(Civil Servant)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0169", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "What film was it for?", "context": "Best Actress Oscar was for film Sophie'S Choice. Oscar was for film Kramer Vs. Kramer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Best Actress Oscar)-[for film]->(Sophie'S Choice) || (Oscar)-[for film]->(Kramer Vs. Kramer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0170", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "What was William Bratton's official role in Los Angeles?", "context": "William Bratton was the Police Chief of Los Angeles.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Bratton)-[POLICE_CHIEF_OF]->(Los Angeles)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0171", "coqa_story": "It never occurred to Sun Yukun that the decision he made four years ago would have an impact on his career. When the 22-year-old entered college in 2009, he decided not to change his rural residence to a students' collective one. But when he finished college and was offered a job with a state-owned enterprise in Beijing, Sun was told that he couldn't accept the offer unless he had an urban hukou (household registration record). This time, he had no choice but to change his residence status. Transferring hukou to a university became optional in 2003, and many students are confronted with the dilemma of whether to do so or not. Professionals suggest they make the decision based on their current situation and future plans. 'I regret transferring my hukou' Wang Jinbi, 20, is an accounting major at Beijing Union University. Coming from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, she transferred her hukou when she enrolled at university. \"I didn't think it was a big deal,\" Wang says. \"Since I'm registering under an urban hukou, it doesn't matter whether it's in Beijing or Inner Mongolia, I thought.\" What Wang didn't expect, however, is that she would regret her decision later. \"After two years of study, I've figured out my future plans. I want to return to my hometown and make a living there,\" she says. That means Wang needs to transfer her hukou back again, which she worries will be a troublesome procedure. \"I have a friend who graduated last year. She spent a lot of time and energy transferring her hukou back to her hometown again due to complicated paperworks,\" says Wang. Guidelines for transferring hukou Wang's experience is not uncommon. Many students don't know what their decision means for their future. In order to help these students, Xie Yongqiang, from the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Justice, posted a guideline for transferring hukou on a micro blog. According to Xie, students should firstly think about where they're going to stay. \"If you like the city where you're studying and are considering staying there after graduation, then you should transfer your hukou,\" he wrote. Students should also transfer their hukou if they intend to participate in an exchange program. According to Ju Haojie, deputy director of the household registration department at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, when applying for exchange programs, it saves a lot of trouble if students have a collective hukou registered under the university. But Xie also made suggestions for students with a rural registration. \"If your family has land and a house, it's possible that you'll get a share of compensation in the event of a forced relocation. For those students, I would recommend them not to transfer their hukou,\" he wrote. This doesn't affect students in terms of receiving medical insurance and other benefits at university. 'I want to stay in Beijing' Sometimes, students abandon their rural hukou for the prospect of a better future. Tang Yanwei is one of them. The 23-year-old from Yantai, Shandong province, had a rural hukou but transferred it after enrolling at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. Although there are a lot of preferential policies for rural residents, for Tang, an urban hukou in Beijing is attractive. \"I want to stay in Beijing, so a students' collective Beijing urban hukou is a promising start,\" he says. \"I'll do anything that could help me stay here. After all, there's no turning back for me now.\"", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Ju Haojie works for Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Xie Yongqiang works for Chengdu Municipal Bureau Of Justice.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ju Haojie)-[works for]->(Shanghai Jiao Tong University) || (Xie Yongqiang)-[works for]->(Chengdu Municipal Bureau Of Justice)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0172", "coqa_story": "James lives in Hawaii and his mother lives in Korea. James speaks English (he never learned Korean), and his mom only speaks Korean. They communicate perfectly. \n\nEric is from Honduras, but he lives in the U.S. Eric just started learning English and speaks very little. But, everyday Eric reads the latest local US news on the Web, with no problem. \n\nWhat these people (and close to 60 million others around the world) share is a remarkable, free software program called Babylon. \n\nBabylon may well be the most advanced translation software in the world, and it's a must-have for anyone whose life goes beyond the borders of their own language or those who want it to. \n\nOnce you download it, you can simply highlight the part in practically any format, and it's instantly translated into the language of your choice. You can use it to translate a website, email, word doc, pdf, and actually any document in any format you can think of. \n\nYou can write a document in your native language, and Babylon will instantly translate it into another before you send it. \n\nThe program translates 75 languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Indian, and Russian. It also includes up-to-date encyclopedias , dictionaries, and spell checkers. \n\nBabylon is a long way from early translation software that would, more often than not, make an unreadable text with grammar errors that was better suited for making laughs than comprehension. Babylon's ability to understand and translate is perfect. In fact, businesses are adopting Babylon as the standard when it comes to translating commercial communications and other important documents. \n\nBabylon is also a great tool for people who are learning another language. Use it anytime you come across a word or passage you don't understand. \n\nWhat users enjoy most is the program's ability to open up a different world to them. Whether it's surfing a news site in a different country, or being able to properly communicate with a family member or friend overseas, Babylon can make it happen. \n\nBest of all, Babylon is free! To get your free copy, visit Babylon.com.", "question": "What language do they speak?", "context": "James speaks English. James'S Mother speaks Korean.", "based_on_pattern": "(James)-[speaks]->(English) || (James'S Mother)-[speaks]->(Korean)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0173", "coqa_story": "Feeding a crowd of hundreds doesn't make Kenny Seals-Nutt nervous. In fact, he _ in the kitchen. He's in his perfect place when dicing tomatoes, making salads and baking cakes. By the time Kenny, 16, reached his third year of high school at Hickory Grove, North Carolina, US, he had become vice president of his school's cooking club. He also opened his own food company, called Modern Fusion. Kenny said he developed his love of cooking by watching his mother, and his grandmother, who owned a catering business herself. Kenny helped them both in order to remember their tips: how long to cook chicken so it stays wet, and the right amount of tomatoes to add to a spaghetti dish. At the age of 5, he cooked his first dish of shrimp and broccoli. Taking it for his school lunch, he warmed it up in the school's microwave, while the other kids ate their sandwiches. \"I love to eat, and it started to become more fun to cook than to use a microwave,\" he said. Cooking came easy to Kenny, and he enjoyed adding new ingredients into common dishes. \"It started with a passion and I wanted to know more,\" he said. He began to watch the Food Network and read chef blogs. Last summer, Kenny put his skills to the test by working with his grandmother to cater his uncle's wedding. While she cooked traditional dishes, Kenny wanted to add new to the expected flavors . Now Kenny spends his weekends catering his own events: weddings, birthday parties, baby showers. Kenny's dishes are always a hit. Chef Frederick Mookie Hicks, owner of a catering business, said Kenny's success comes from his ability to multitask in the kitchen. Hicks said he has asked Kenny to cook with him on jobs three times now, and he presents Kenny as a positive example of a passionate chef to the students in his cooking classes. \"He's so vigorous about cooking that he doesn't let anything stop him,\" Hicks said. \"I knew in the first five minutes of working with the kid that he is something special.\"", "question": "Who did he work with?", "context": "Frederick Mookie Hicks worked with Kenny Seals-Nutt. Kenny Seals-Nutt worked with Kenny'S Grandmother.", "based_on_pattern": "(Frederick Mookie Hicks)-[worked with]->(Kenny Seals-Nutt) || (Kenny Seals-Nutt)-[worked with]->(Kenny'S Grandmother)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0174", "coqa_story": "What Is Today's American Dream \n\nThey may not have called it the American Dream, but for centuries people have gone to America in search of freer, happier, and richer lives. But is today's American Dream a mythical concept or still a reality? \n\nIsabel Belarsky's tiny Brooklyn apartment fills with the sound of her father's voice. Sidor Belarsky sings an Aria in Russian and 90-year-old Isabel, her lips painted an elegant red, sways gently to the song coming from her stereo. \n\nIsabel speaks with pride about her father's talent and his success as an opera singer: Albert Einstein was such a fan she says that he invited Sidor to accompany him on his speaking engagements and would ask him to sing to the audience. \n\nHow the Belarskys came to be in America is an extraordinary tale that Isabel loves to tell. It was the offer of a six-month job by a Mormon college president, who had seen Sidor singing in Leningrad, that enabled the Belarskys to escape from Stalin's Russia in 1930. \"Our dream was being in America,\" Isabel says. \"They loved it. My mother could never think of Russia, it was her enemy and my father, he made such a wonderful career here.\" \n\nLike generations of immigrants before them, the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom--to them the American Dream meant liberty. But Isabel says it promised even more. \"The dream is to work, to have a home and to get ahead. You can start as a janitor and become the owner of the building.\" \n\nThe American Dream is not written into the constitution but it is so ingrained in the national psyche that it might as well be. Many point to the second sentence in the Declaration of Independence--the \"certain unalienable rights\" that include \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\" as the \"official\" version of the phrase. But it was actually in 1931 that the term was popularized, when historian James Truslow Adams wrote in The Epic of America that the Dream means \"a better, richer, and happier life for all our citizens of every rank\". \n\nThe concept of the American Dream has not stayed static. For European immigrants, like Isabel, fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century, the Dream was about a life without persecution. \n\nBut somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed. As America's post war economy boomed, the new arrivals wanted more than freedom--they wanted a share of the prosperity as well. \n\nIn the 1950s, TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances. The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola. As the century wore on, the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side. Dallas and Dynasty suggested this was a country where it was possible to become not just rich, but filthily rich. \n\nCheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America. She arrived in New York from the Caribbean seven years ago. Having watched endless American TV shows as a child, she thought she knew what to expect when her family moved to Brooklyn. Instead, the deprivation of one of New York's poorest neighbourhoods shocked her. \n\n\"I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television,\" she says. Like Cheyanne, 18-year-old Franscisco Curiel is also ambitious. He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education. \"The system is broken; we can't get the superior education that they supposedly want to give us,\" he says. \n\nThrough the centuries America's immigrants have endured terrible hardship and sacrifice so that they and their children can get ahead. Perhaps it's not surprising to hear the members of the Bushwick youth group lament the multiple, low paid jobs that their parents must do simply to get the rent paid and put food on the table. What is startling is that these bright, ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream.", "question": "What concept is defined in the book 'The Epic Of America'?", "context": "The book 'The Epic Of America' defines the American Dream.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Epic Of America)-[DEFINES]->(American Dream)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0175", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "What language did it have?", "context": "Latium had the language Latin. Tuscany had the language Hetruscane. Liguria had the language Mesapian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Latium)-[had language]->(Latin) || (Tuscany)-[had language]->(Hetruscane) || (Liguria)-[had language]->(Mesapian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0176", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "For which publication did Bram Stoker work?", "context": "Bram Stoker worked for the Dublin Evening Mail.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bram Stoker)-[WORKED_FOR]->(Dublin Evening Mail)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0177", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, WE USED 2go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ KIDS FTF. ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps, we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Text is just for fun.\"", "question": "What does James Milroy argue is something that cannot be corrupted?", "context": "James Milroy argues that Language cannot be corrupted.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Milroy)-[ARGUES_CANNOT_BE_CORRUPTED]->(Language)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0178", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "What specific technology do Wireless Speaker Systems utilize for connectivity?", "context": "Wireless Speaker Systems utilize Bluetooth technology for connectivity.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wireless Speaker Systems)-[USES_TECHNOLOGY]->(Bluetooth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0179", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The man accused of hacking celebrities' online accounts -- from which private images were ultimately posted on the Internet -- says he became \"addicted\" to the intrusion and \"didn't know how to stop.\" \n\n\"I deeply apologize. I know what I did was probably one of the worst invasions of privacy someone could experience,\" Christopher Chaney told CNN affiliate WAWS/WTEV in Jacksonville, Florida, Wednesday. \n\n\"And these people don't have privacy to begin with. And I was in that little sliver of privacy they do have.\" \n\nFederal authorities accuse the 35-year-old of hacking into accounts on computers and other devices belonging to more than 50 people, including movie stars Scarlett Johansson and Mila Kunis and singer Christina Aguilera. \n\nChaney was indicted on charges of accessing protected computers without authorization, damaging protected computers, wiretapping and aggravated identity theft, officials said. \n\n\"Unfortunately, Mr. Chaney was able to access nude photos of some of the celebrities and some of them were uploaded on the Internet,\" U.S. Attorney Andre Birotte Jr. said Wednesday. \n\nA recently circulated nude photo of Johannsson is part of the investigation, he said. \n\nChaney allegedly \"also took financial information, movie scripts and conversations that the celebrities believed to be private,\" Birotte told reporters. \n\nThe FBI's Los Angeles office said he was arrested as part of \"Operation Hackerazzi,\" which looked into computer intrusions targeting individuals associated with the entertainment industry. \n\nIn the interview with WAWS/WTEV, Chaney said the hacking \"started as curiosity and it turned into just being, you know, addicted to seeing the behind-the-scenes of what's going on with these people you see on the big screen every day.\" ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Waws/Wtev is located in Jacksonville. Jacksonville is located in Florida.", "based_on_pattern": "(Waws/Wtev)-[located in]->(Jacksonville) || (Jacksonville)-[located in]->(Florida)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0180", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "What did he create?", "context": "Barry Levenson created Mount Horeb Mustard Museum. Michael Carmichael created World'S Largest Ball Of Paint. Glenn Johnson created The Museum Of Dirt.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barry Levenson)-[created]->(Mount Horeb Mustard Museum) || (Michael Carmichael)-[created]->(World'S Largest Ball Of Paint) || (Glenn Johnson)-[created]->(The Museum Of Dirt)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0181", "coqa_story": "Volleyball has become a worldwide sport that is popular with all age groups, but when did this fun sport start? The history of volleyball dates back to 1895 when William G.Morgan met a Canadian James Naismith, inventor of basketball and was influenced by him and basketball.Then he wanted to invent a new game that was fit for middle-aged men. \n\nMorgan enjoyed the game of basketball, but soon he realized that it was too fast paced for some of the older men.So, he decided to invent a game that was still played on a court , but the players were not required to run up and down--he created the game of \"mintonette.\" Volleyball history shows that the original game of mintonette was played on a full court with a net in the middle.Two teams tossed the ball back and forth over the net, similar to the game of badminton.In order to cut down the equipment costs, the players played the ball with their hands. \n\nThe game quickly became popular, and everyone wanted to learn how to play volleyball.It quickly spread to other areas, across the United States, and even to other countries.Several changes were made to the game. \n\nThen specific volleyball rules were set into place.Some of the rules of volleyball included the court size, number of players, and number of hits per team.The rules also stated that players must rotate around the court so that everyone had a turn to serve the ball.Also, a standard volleyball size and shape were decided within a few years.The rules continued to change and adjust throughout the history of volleyball, until the game became what we have today. \n\nEven though volleyball history says that the game was originally created for middle-aged men, the game has become so popular among all kinds of people.Today there are many different kinds of competitive volleyball teams: high school volleyball, college volleyball, women volleyball, men, children, mixed teams, etc.There is an endless amount of possibilities with this game because it is easy to learn, many people can play together, and it can by played indoors or outside.", "question": "What did he invent?", "context": "William G. Morgan invented Mintonette. James Naismith invented Basketball.", "based_on_pattern": "(William G.Morgan)-[invented]->(Mintonette) || (James Naismith)-[invented]->(Basketball)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0182", "coqa_story": "On an August afternoon last year, Pamela Rivers, 40, and her friend Rita Graham, 38, were stopped at a red light on Cobb's Creek Parkway in South Philadelphia when a white SUV traveling in the opposite direction turned across traffic in front of them. It then jumped the curb and rushed through a grassy expanse before plunging down an embankment toward Cobb's Creek. Pamela quickly pulled over, jumped out of her car, and dialed 911. \n\nKenny Gibson, 23, and his friend Taron Green, 25, were driving home from a job when Rita flagged them down. Kenny stopped, and the men got out of the car and looked over the cliff. The SUV had landed upside down in five feet of water. A woman's leg could be seen swinging out the driver's side window. \n\n\"I have a fear of water,\" Kenny said now. \"I almost drowned when I was nine.\" Even so, he and Taron hurried down the 50-foot embankment into the muddy water. \"I couldn't just leave her,\" he adds. \n\nThe men waded out to the car and saw that the woman, Cheryl Allison, 61, was partially in water. Kenny tried unsuccessfully to open the door. Then he broke the window. But when he reached in to pull out Cheryl, he found she was trapped by the seat belt. \n\n\"Run back to the truck and grab a box cutter ,\" Kenny yelled to Taron. Meanwhile, Kenny tried in vain to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl. \n\nThat's when mechanic Marcell Porter approached the site. \"I flipped into rescue mode,\" he said. When Taron returned, Kenny cut through the seat belt with the box cutter. He and Marcell tried to pull Cheryl out, but she wouldn't come out. \n\nMarcell broke the rear window with a rock, hoping to rescue her from the back. Then he saw that she was still strapped in by her shoulder belt. Marcell reached for the box cutter and cut the remaining strap in two. Kenny leaned in, grabbed Cheryl by the waist, and pulled her out feet first. Marcell grasped Cheryl's legs, and they managed to drag her lifeless body onto a rock. \n\n\"Give her CPR!\" Pamela yelled down to them. But the two men had no idea what to do. \"Put your mouth on her mouth and breathe,\" she shouted to Marcell. And to Kenny, \"Pump her chest!\" \n\n\"We tried three times,\" said Marcell. Finally, Cheryl brought up water and started moving her fingers. The men rolled her over onto her stomach to let out more water. \n\nSoon an ambulance arrived and transported Cheryl to the hospital, where doctors treated her. They never discovered what caused her to pass out, but she assumes it had something to do with the burning summer heat. \n\nOver the next few days, they took turns visiting Cheryl in the hospital, where they shared hugs and tears. \"We couldn't believe she was all right,\" said Pamela. \n\n\"It's just amazing that these people came together,\" said Cheryl. She stays in touch with her \"angels\" via frequent phone calls. \"They are really beautiful people,\" she said.", "question": "What medical procedure did Kenny Gibson perform on Cheryl Allison?", "context": "Kenny Gibson performed CPR on Cheryl Allison.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kenny Gibson)-[PERFORMED_CPR_ON]->(Cheryl Allison)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0183", "coqa_story": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle Price: PS28.00 Publication Date: 30/11/2006 Publisher's description: Collect Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in late-nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies of Doyle, Holmes, and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society. Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:11/10/2006 Brief description: This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope. For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience. Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future. This biology of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision. In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:02/09/2006 Brief description: On 11th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the world Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe---in her school at the foot of the burning towers---he returned home, to mediate on the trauma , and to work on a comic strip . In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of \"the hijacking on 9.11 and the following hijacking of those events\" by America. Light on Snow by Anita Shreve Price: PS14.00 Publication Date:07/10/2006 Publisher's description: This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller. A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself. Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv Price: PS20.99 Publication Date:11/08/2006 Brief description: Camping in the garden, riding bikes through the woods, climbing trees, picking wildflowers, running through piles of autumn leaves... these are the things childhood memories are made of. But for a whole generation of today's children the pleasures of a free-range childhood are missing, and their indoor habits contribute to obesity, attention disorder and childhood depression. This book shows how our children have become increasingly distanced from nature, why this matters and how we can make a difference. Richard Louv is chairman of the Children and Nature Network and co-chair of the National Forum on Children and Nature. He is the author of seven other books and has written for newspapers and magazines including the New York Times and the Washington Post.", "question": "What position does Richard Louv hold at the National Forum On Children And Nature?", "context": "Richard Louv is the co-chair of the National Forum On Children And Nature.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Louv)-[IS_CO_CHAIR_OF]->(National Forum On Children And Nature)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0184", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"L.A. Law\" had buzz right from the moment it premiered in 1986. \n\nCo-created by Steven Bochco, hot off his success with \"Hill Street Blues,\" the series was set at the high-priced Los Angeles law firm of McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak. \n\nThe cast was glossy and diverse, including Jimmy Smits, Blair Underwood, Jill Eikenberry, Michael Tucker, Susan Dey, Richard Dysart, Alan Rachins and Corbin Bernsen. \n\nMost of all, it pushed the boundaries of the legal show the way \"Hill Street\" did with cop shows. \n\n\"L.A. Law's\" principals argued cases involving rape, capital punishment, big business, child molestation, AIDS and medical malpractice at a time when such subjects were seldom mentioned on prime-time television, and certainly not in such detail. This was no \"Perry Mason,\" or even \"The Defenders.\" \n\nBochco being Bochco, the hard stuff was paired with moments of silly humor and steamy sex (or silly sex and steamy humor), making for a high-wire balance of drama and comedy. \n\nOne first-season episode got people talking about a fictional sex act called the \"Venus Butterfly\"; later, the show actually killed off a character by dropping her down an elevator shaft. \n\nThe big hair and big-shouldered suits of the '80s may be gone, but the show remains influential. David E. Kelley, a real-life lawyer who later created \"Picket Fences,\" \"The Practice\" and \"Ally McBeal,\" got his television start as a writer on \"L.A. Law.\" \n\nThe show's first season is finally out on DVD, with the second expected to follow in a few months. CNN spoke to Smits, now a star of \"Sons of Anarchy\" who played idealistic Hispanic attorney Victor Sifuentes, and Alan Rachins, who played bottom-line-oriented partner Douglas Brackman Jr. and later starred on \"Dharma and Greg,\" about the show and its impact. ", "question": "What was his profession?", "context": "David E. Kelley was a Lawyer. Victor Sifuentes was an Attorney.", "based_on_pattern": "(David E. Kelley)-[has profession]->(Lawyer) || (Victor Sifuentes)-[has profession]->(Attorney)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0185", "coqa_story": "Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend \"Venite Ad Me Omnes\". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. \n\nAs at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "question": "Why was the Irish Rover newspaper first published?", "context": "The Irish Rover was published in response to The Observer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Irish Rover)-[PUBLISHED_IN_RESPONSE_TO]->(The Observer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0186", "coqa_story": "Bum rate is the speed at which a startup business consumes money. My rate would be $ 50,000 a month when my new media company started. So, I began looking around for individuals who would be my first investors. \"Angel money\" it was called. But when I reviewed my list of acquaintances to find those who might be able to help, I found the number got small. \n\nWith no other choices, I began meeting with the venture-capital companies. But I was warned they took a huge share of your company for the money they put in. And if you struggled, they could drop you cold. \n\nAs I was searching for \"angel money\", I started to build a team who trusted me even though I didn't have money for paychecks yet. \n\nBill Becker was an expert in computer programming and image processing at a very famous Media Lab at M. I.T. With his arrival, my company suddenly had a major technology \"guy\" in-house. \n\nKatherine Henderson, a filmmaker and a former real-estate dealer, joined us as our director of market research. Steve White came on as operating officer. He had worked for the developer of a home-finance software, Quicken. We grabbed him. \n\nWe had some really good people, but we still didn't have enough money. One night, my neighbor, Louise Johnson, came for a visit. She and I were only nodding acquaintances, but her boys and ours were constant companions. She ran a very good business at the time. \n\nLouise was brilliant and missed nothing. She had been watching my progress closely. She knew I was dying for money and I had prospects but could offer no guarantees of success. \n\nShe told me that her attorney had talked to mine and the terms had been agreed upon. She handed me an envelope. Inside was a check for $ 500,000. \n\nI almost fell down. I heard her voice as if from heaven. \n\n\"I have confidence in your plan,\" she said. \"You' 11 do well. You're going to work hard for it, but it' s satisfying when you build your own company.\" \n\nWho would have thought I'd find an angel so close to home? There were no words sufficient for the moment. We just said good night. She left and I just stood there, completely humbled and completely committed.", "question": "What role do they have?", "context": "Katherine Henderson has the role of Director Of Market Research. Steve White has the role of Operating Officer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Katherine Henderson)-[has role]->(Director Of Market Research) || (Steve White)-[has role]->(Operating Officer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0187", "coqa_story": "At just six years old, Joey Kilpatrick is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion after he hid in a bedroom cupboard for eight hours while playing his favorite game,causing a big rescue operation. The determined little boy's disappearing act led to a careful search, including nice police officers, five State Emergency Service volunteers, tracker dogs and almost all of the people of the town of Goombungee. His mother, Chris, says she called the police when Joey disappeared one afternoon after telling his older brother, Lachlan, 14, that he was off to play hide-and-seek. \"I called the two boys for dinner,\" Chris says. \"After about 20 minutes I started to worry, I was shouting to Joey, 'OK, we can't find you, time to come out!'\" But there was no sign of her little boy. Within minutes of Chris calling the police, the policemen started one of the biggest ground searches in the town's history. \"I was really frightened. I rang my husband, Kris, who works out of town, and he immediately hit the road, calling me every 10 minutes.\" Chris recalls.\"They searched the house from top to bottom; everyone was out looking for him. When a neighbor asked if I'd checked the water tank, that's when reality hit. I was afraid.\" After hours of searching the town, confused police decided to search the house one more time. \"I just sat there waiting,\" Chris says, \"Then a strange feeling came over me, and I rushed into the bedroom and put my hand on a pile of blankets in the cupboard. As I pulled then out,there he was---asleep and completely not realizing what was going on! I've never held him in my arms so hard.\" Senior officer, Chris Brameld,from Goombungee police,says he is glad that Joey's game had a happy ending: \"When we realized he was safe, we agreed that it didn't get much better than that!\" And young Joey promises that next time he won't be so intent on finding the best hiding place. \"I want to say sorry to the policemen and to Mummy for scaring them,\" he says, \"I promise next time I'll hide where they can find me and I won't fall asleep!\"", "question": "Which organization does Chris Brameld work for?", "context": "Chris Brameld works for the Goombungee Police.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chris Brameld)-[WORKS_FOR]->(Goombungee Police)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0188", "coqa_story": "The West Indies or Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago. \n\nThe region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf Coast, and then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America. \n\nBermuda is also included within the region even though it is in the west-central Atlantic, due to its common cultural history created by European colonization of the region, and in most of the region by the presence of a significant group of African descent. \n\nIndigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies. In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands, where he is believed by historians to have first stepped foot in the Bahamas. After the first of the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas, Europeans began to use the term \"West Indies\" to distinguish the region from the East Indies of South Asia and Southeast Asia. \n\nIn the late sixteenth century, French, English and Dutch merchants and privateers began their operations in the Caribbean Sea, attacking Spanish and Portuguese shipping and coastal areas. They often took refuge and refitted their ships in the areas the Spanish could not conquer, including the islands of the Lesser Antilles, the northern coast of South America including the mouth of the Orinoco, and the Atlantic Coast of Central America. In the Lesser Antilles they managed to establish a foothold following the colonization of St Kitts in 1624 and Barbados in 1626, and when the Sugar Revolution took off in the mid-seventeenth century, they brought in thousands of Africans to work the fields and mills as slave laborers. These Africans wrought a demographic revolution, replacing or joining with either the indigenous Caribs or the European settlers who were there as indentured servants.", "question": "When was it colonized?", "context": "St Kitts was colonized in 1624. Barbados was colonized in 1626.", "based_on_pattern": "(St Kitts)-[colonized in]->(1624) || (Barbados)-[colonized in]->(1626)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0189", "coqa_story": "It is a novel that is probably more talked about than read. People think: \"It's such a big book! It has such a serious theme!\" The feeling that they are going to be taught a long, hard lesson often puts readers off. But really, War and Peace (1869), which tells the stories of five upper-class families in Russia at the time of the 1812 French invasion, is not to be missed. Reading this novel is one of those once-in-a-lifetime experiences, like climbing the Great Wall: You will regret it if you do not try. \n\nEarlier this month, USA Today reported that a six-episode War and Peace miniseries produced by the BBC would air next year. \n\nWith a complex plot and so many characters, readers unfamiliar with the work might be most interested in the characters from the financially-troubled Rostov family of Moscow. Count Rostov has four teenage children. Natasha is in love with Boris Drubetskoy, who is about to become an army officer. Nikolai Ilyich loves the poor Sonya, a ward of the family, but his family is not happy with their relationship. The proud Vera is about to start a happy marriage with a German-Russian officer. The youngest Rostov is the 9-year-old Petya, who, like his brother Nikolai, has his heart set on fighting for his country. \n\nThe lives of all are about to be changed by the upcoming great war that involves many other major characters of War and Peace, such as Prince Andrei, who goes into a military career partly in order to get away from his unhappy marriage to the socialite Lise. \n\nThe novel has a great reputation among many kinds of writers and millions of readers. US writer Ernest Hemingway wrote: \"I don't know anybody who could write about war better than Tolstoy did.\" A comment by the great 20th-century Russian short-story writer Isaak Babel shows the rich sense of history that Tolstoy's work conveys. \"If the world itself could write, it would write like Tolstoy,\" Babel commented.", "question": "Which major historical event is featured in the novel War and Peace?", "context": "The novel War and Peace features the 1812 French Invasion.", "based_on_pattern": "(War And Peace)-[FEATURES]->(1812 French Invasion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0190", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II. THE PATH OF PHILANTHROPY \n\nMrs. Cecil Grainger may safely have been called a Personality, and one of the proofs of this was that she haunted people who had never seen her. Honora might have looked at her, it is true, on the memorable night of the dinner with Mrs. Holt and Trixton Brent; but--for sufficiently obvious reasons--refrained. It would be an exaggeration to say that Mrs. Grainger became an obsession with our heroine; yet it cannot be denied that, since Honora's arrival at Quicksands, this lady had, in increasing degrees, been the subject of her speculations. The threads of Mrs. Grainger's influence were so ramified, indeed, as to be found in Mrs. Dallam, who declared she was the rudest woman in New York and yet had copied her brougham; in Mr. Cuthbert and Trixton Brent; in Mrs. Kame; in Mrs. Holt, who proclaimed her a tower of strength in charities; and lastly in Mr. Grainger himself, who, although he did not spend much time in his wife's company, had for her an admiration that amounted to awe. \n\nElizabeth Grainger, who was at once modern and tenaciously conservative, might have been likened to some of the Roman matrons of the aristocracy in the last years of the Republic. Her family, the Pendletons, had traditions: so, for that matter, had the Graingers. But Senator Pendleton, antique homo virtute et fide, had been a Roman of the old school who would have preferred exile after the battle of Philippi; and who, could he have foreseen modern New York and modern finance, would have been more content to die when he did. He had lived in Washington Square. His daughter inherited his executive ability, many of his prejudices (as they would now be called), and his habit of regarding favourable impressions with profound suspicion. She had never known the necessity of making friends: hers she had inherited, and for some reason specially decreed, they were better than those of less fortunate people. ", "question": "Who is the husband of Mrs. Cecil Grainger?", "context": "Mr. Grainger is the husband of Mrs. Cecil Grainger.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Grainger)-[IS_HUSBAND_OF]->(Mrs. Cecil Grainger)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0191", "coqa_story": "Two young artists named Sue and Joanna shared a studio apartment in the Greenwich Village area of New York, trying to realize their dreams. In November pneumonia killed many people. Unluckily, Joanna fell ill, too. One morning, a doctor examined Joanna and then spoke with Sue in another room. \"She has decided that she has no chance. All we can do is give her a strong will to live.\" \n\nHolding back her tears, Sue went to Joanna's room. Joanna lay with her face toward the window, eyes wide open. She was counting something backward. \"Twelve,\" she said, and a little later \"eleven\" until \"five,\" almost together. Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was a wall covered with an old ivy vine growing half way up it. The cold breath of autumn has stricken the leaves from the vine until it was almost bare. \n\n\"Five what, dear?\" asked Sue. \n\n\"Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too.\" \n\n\"Oh, Don't be silly.\" Said Sue, \"You will get better.\" \n\n\"There goes another one. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.\" \n\n\"Try to sleep.\" said Sue. \"I must call Mr. Behrman up to be my model for my drawing of an old miner. Don't try to move until I come back.\" \n\nOld Behrman was a poor painter who lived in the building. For years he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model to artists who could not pay for a professional model. \n\nSue found Behrman in his room. In one area was a blank canvas that had been waiting twenty-five years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Joanna and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf. \n\n\"What!\" Old Behrman was angered at such an idea. \"How silly! Just take me to her room.\" \n\nJoanna was sleeping when they went in. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. \n\nThe next morning, Sue awoke after an hour's sleep. She found Joanna staring at the covered window. \"Pull up the shade; I want to see.\" Sue obeyed. \n\n\"It's the last leaf,\" said Joanna. \"It will fall today, and I will go with it.\" \n\nWhen night came, the rain began to fall again with a strong wind. \n\nThe next morning, Joanna demanded that the window shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there. Joanna lay for a long time, looking at it. And then she called Sue, \"I have been a bad girl. I'm so wrong. Now I want to get well and paint again.\" \n\nThe doctor came to see Joanna in the afternoon. He told Sue \"Joanna is improving. Now I must see Behrman. Pneumonia, too, very ill. Little hope for him.\" \n\nLater that day, Sue came to Joanna, and put one arm around her. \n\n\"Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia in the hospital today. He was sick only two days. When someone went into his room, Behrman was lying there with his shoes on. His shoes and clothes were all wet. Nobody knew why.\" \n\n\"Oh, poor Behrman!\" Cried Joanna. \n\n\"See the last leaf on the wall,\" said Sue, \" It looks like a real leaf, doesn't it? \" \n\n\"A real leaf ? \" \n\n\"Ah, darling, it is Behrman's masterpiece -- he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.\"", "question": "What was the subject of Sue's drawing?", "context": "Sue was drawing an old miner.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sue)-[WAS_DRAWING]->(Old Miner)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0192", "coqa_story": "On the bus, on the subway, every head is lowered to a cell phone, iPad, or other digital device. But does this mean more and more people are getting into reading the digital way? According to the National Reading Survey, before the 17thWorld Reading Day on April 23, only 1.2 percent of Chinese people said they read a lot. But 38.6 percent said they read on digital devices like cell phone and e-books. This is a 17.7 percent increase from 2010. Many experts are talking about a trend toward fragmented reading --reading many short messages or items on a digital device like a cell phone instead of one long text in a book. Zhao jianmin, a professor at Shanghai University, said fragmented reading was part of modern life. \"The fast _ of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book,\" he said. \"So making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend\" Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can enjoy large amounts of information, knowledge and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster than traditional deep reading. However, some experts fear the trend of digital reading will lead people to read in a simple way. Xu Guosheng, at a Chinese Academy of Press and Publication, says fragmented reading makes it harder for people to think more about what they read. He also warned fragmented reading could make people lazy about remembering facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. \"Fragmented reading is sometimes good, but don't let it take all your time,\" suggested Tian Zhilng, an editor. He said it was important to read quality books in a deeper way, and we should read for knowledge, for practical use and for pleasure. He suggested people choose easy books first, then move onto more difficult ones.", "question": "What does it occur on?", "context": "17Th World Reading Day occurs on April 23. Fragmented Reading occurs on Digital Device.", "based_on_pattern": "(17Th World Reading Day)-[occurs on]->(April 23) || (Fragmented Reading)-[occurs on]->(Digital Device)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0193", "coqa_story": "Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, England. It is a division of Thomson Reuters. \n\nUntil 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. Reuters transmits news in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Urdu, and Chinese. It was established in 1851. \n\nThe Reuter agency was established in 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter in Britain at the London Royal Exchange. Paul Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions in 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen. \n\nUpon moving to England, he founded Reuter's Telegram Company in 1851. Headquartered in London, the company initially covered commercial news, serving banks, brokerage houses, and business firms. The first newspaper client to subscribe was the London \"Morning Advertiser\" in 1858. Afterwards more newspapers signed up, with \"Britannica Encyclopedia\" writing that \"the value of Reuters to newspapers lay not only in the financial news it provided but in its ability to be the first to report on stories of international importance.\" Reuter's agency built a reputation in Europe and the rest of the world as the first to report news scoops from abroad. Reuters was the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe, for instance, in 1865. In 1872, Reuters expanded into the far east, followed by South America in 1874. Both expansions were made possible by advances in overland telegraphs and undersea cables. In 1883, Reuters began transmitting messages electrically to London newspapers.", "question": "What was the name of the first newspaper to become a client of Reuter's Telegram Company?", "context": "The London \"Morning Advertiser\" was the first newspaper client of Reuter's Telegram Company.", "based_on_pattern": "(London \"Morning Advertiser\")-[FIRST_NEWSPAPER_CLIENT_OF]->(Reuter'S Telegram Company)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0194", "coqa_story": "Fred Astaire was born in Nebraska in 1899. Fred and his sister, Adele, learned to dance when they were very young. Their mother took them to New York to study dance. They performed in their first professional show when Fred was ten years old and Adele was twelve. Later, as teenagers, the two danced in many shows throughout the United States. Their first big success was on Broadway in 1917. The Astaires -- as they were known --- became Broadway stars. However, in 1932, Adele Astaire married a British man, and stopped performing. But Fred did not give up his dream. He would go on alone, in the movies. Fred said, \"Dancing is a sweaty job. You cannot just sit down and do it. You have to get up on your feet. It takes time to get a dance right, to create something memorable. I always try to get to know my dance so well that I do not have to think.\" In 1949, Fred Astaire won a special award for his film work from America's Motion Picture Academy. He also won awards from the television industry for a number of his television programs.[:ZXXK] Fred stopped dancing in 1970. He was more than seventy years old at the time. He said a dancer could not continue dancing forever. He said he did not want to disappoint anyone, even himself. He danced again in public only once after that. It was with another great male dancer, Gene Kelly, in the movie \"That's Entertainment, Part Two\". Fred Astaire and his first wife, Phyllis, had three children. Phyllis died in 1954. Twenty-five years later, Fred married race horse rider Robyn Smith. Fred Astaire died on June 22, 1987. He was eighty-eight years old. He was called the greatest dancer in the world. His dancing was called perfect. And moviegoers everywhere will remember him as a great performer whose work will live forever in his films.", "question": "From which organization did Fred Astaire win an award?", "context": "Fred Astaire won an award from America's Motion Picture Academy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fred Astaire)-[WON_AWARD_FROM]->(America'S Motion Picture Academy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0195", "coqa_story": "Chapter XII. -- OF ALBERT FRIEDRICH, THE SECOND DUKE OF PREUSSEN. \n\nDuke Albert died in 1568, laden with years, and in his latter time greatly broken down by other troubles. His Prussian RATHS (Councillors) were disobedient, his Osianders and Lutheran-Calvinist Theologians were all in fire and flame against each other: the poor old man, with the best dispositions, but without power to realize them, had much to do and to suffer. Pious, just and honorable, intending the best; but losing his memory, and incapable of business, as he now complained. In his sixtieth year he had married a second time, a young Brunswick Princess, with whose foolish Brother, Eric, he had much trouble; and who at last herself took so ill with the insolence and violence of these intrusive Councillors and Theologians, that the household-life she led beside her old Husband and them became intolerable to her; and she withdrew to another residence,--a little Hunting-seat at Neuhausen, half a dozen miles from Konigsberg;--and there, or at Labiau still farther off, lived mostly, in a separate condition, for the rest of her life. Separate for life:--nevertheless they happened to die on the same day; 20th March, 1568, they were simultaneously delivered from their troubles in this world. [Hubner, t. 181; Stenzel, i. 342.] \n\nAlbert left one Son; the second child of this last Wife: his one child by the former Wife, a daughter now of good years, was married to the Duke of Mecklenburg. Son's name was Albert Friedrich; age, at his Father's death, fifteen. A promising young Prince, but of sensitive abstruse temper;--held under heavy tutelage by his Raths and Theologians; and spurting up against them, in explosive rebellion, from time to time. He now (1568) was to be sovereign Duke of Preussen, and the one representative of the Culmbach Line in that fine Territory; Margraf George Friedrich of Anspach, the only other Culmbacher, being childless, though wedded. ", "question": "On what date did the Brunswick Princess die?", "context": "The Brunswick Princess died on the 20th of March, 1568.", "based_on_pattern": "(Brunswick Princess)-[DIED_ON]->(20Th March, 1568)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0196", "coqa_story": "The Korean language (, see below) is the official and national language of both Koreas: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), with different standardized official forms used in each territory. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of the People's Republic of China. Approximately 80 million people worldwide speak Korean. \n\nHistorical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate; however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language (spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct) form the Koreanic language family. This implies that Korean is not an isolate, but a member of a small family. The idea that Korean belongs to the controversial Altaic language family is discredited in academic research. There is still debate about a relation to Dravidian languages and on whether Korean and Japanese are related to each other. The Korean language is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax. \n\nModern Korean descends from Middle Korean, which in turn descends from Old Korean, which descends from the language spoken in Prehistoric Korea (labeled Proto-Korean), whose nature is debated, in part because Korean genetic origins are controversial. A relation of Korean (together with its extinct relatives which form the Koreanic family) with Japonic languages has been proposed by linguists such as William George Aston and Samuel Martin. Roy Andrew Miller and others suggested or supported the inclusion of Koreanic and Japonic languages in the purported Altaic family (a macro-family that would comprise Tungusic, Mongolian and Turkic families); the Altaic hypothesis has since been largely rejected by most linguistic specialists.", "question": "Who supported the inclusion of the Koreanic and Japonic languages into the Altaic language family?", "context": "Roy Andrew Miller supported the inclusion of the Koreanic and Japonic languages into the Altaic language family.", "based_on_pattern": "(Roy Andrew Miller)-[SUPPORTED_INCLUSION_OF_KOREANIC_AND_JAPONIC_IN]->(Altaic Language Family)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0197", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Former U.S. Sen. Arlen Specter, who embodied a vanishing breed of liberal Republicanism before switching to the Democratic Party at the twilight of his political career, died Sunday after a long battle with cancer, his family announced. \n\nSpecter died of complications from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at his home in Philadelphia, his family said. He was 82. \n\nThe veteran Pennsylvania politician had overcome numerous serious illnesses over the past two decades, including a brain tumor. He had been in the public eye since serving as a member of the Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. \n\nSpecter was elected to the Senate in 1980 and represented Pennsylvania for 30 years, longer than anyone in the state's history. His politically moderate image fit hand-in-glove in the politically blue Northeast, both with its Democratic centrists and its liberal Republicans. \n\nHe was also one of America's most prominent Jewish politicians, a rare Republican in a category dominated by Democrats over the decades. And his name is synonymous with Pennsylvania, an idiosyncratic state that pushes and pulls between the two parties, and his home, the staunchly Democratic city of Philadelphia. \n\nIn 2006, Philadelphia magazine called him \"one of the few true wild cards of Washington politics ... reviled by those on both the right and the left.\" \n\n\"Charming and churlish, brilliant and pedantic, he can be fiercely independent, entertainingly eccentric and simply maddening,\" the profile read. \n\nFormer Gov. Ed Rendell, a Democrat, called Specter \"a mentor, colleague and a political institution\" who \"did more for the people of Pennsylvania over his more than 30-year career with the possible exception of Benjamin Franklin.\" And Pat Toomey, the Republican who now holds Specter's old Senate seat, praised him as \"a man of sharp intelligence and dogged determination.\" ", "question": "Whose assassination was the subject of the Warren Commission's investigation?", "context": "The Warren Commission investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Warren Commission)-[INVESTIGATED_ASSASSINATION_OF]->(John F. Kennedy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0198", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "What kind of performer is Justin Roberts?", "context": "Justin Roberts is a Children's Music Performer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Justin Roberts)-[IS_A]->(Children'S Music Performer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0199", "coqa_story": "Soccer star David Beckham will be there with his pop star wife Victoria. Elton John is attending with partner David Furnish. \n\nThe guest list for the April 29 union of Prince William and Kate Middleton is still being kept secret, but details have begun to leak out, with some coming forward to say they are attending and the Mail on Sunday newspaper claiming to have the official invitation roster . \n\nThe palace dismissed the newspaper's list as speculation Sunday. \n\nIt won't be clear until the day how the royal couple has balanced the protocol demands that they invite statesmen, diplomats, religious leaders, politicians and the like with invitations to the people they really want to see, particularly the crowd they made friends with when they met and fell in love at St. Andrews University in Scotland. \n\nKate Reardon, editor of high-society magazine Tatler, said many _ Britons acted as if they didn't really care about receiving an invitation while secretly checking the mail every day to see if the invitation had arrived. \n\n\"Everyone's been hoping,\" she said. \n\nWilliam and Middleton have showed their modern side by inviting a number of close friends, including some former sweethearts, the newspaper said. \n\nThe wedding is not technically a state event, which somewhat limits the protocol requirements applied to the guest list. But royal obligations still order that a large number of the 1,900 or so seats go to guests from the world of politics, not actual friends of the couple. \n\nThe couple have also invited many guests from the charities they work with, and Middleton has used her influence to invite the butcher, shopkeeper and pub owner from her home village of Bucklebury. \n\nPresident Barack Obama and his wife Michelle were not invited and many other international leaders are also expected to be watching on TV, not from a seat at Westminster Abbey. \n\nIt is not clear if treasured Brits from the world of stage and screen and pop music will be on the list.", "question": "What publication has Kate Reardon served as the editor for?", "context": "Kate Reardon is the editor of Tatler.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kate Reardon)-[IS_EDITOR_OF]->(Tatler)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0200", "coqa_story": "Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers? \n\nOnce upon a time - July 20, 1969, to be specific - two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while.Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. \n\nUnfortunately, not quite.A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really isa fairy tale.They believe that the landings were a big hoax staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S.technology was the \"best\" in the whole wide world. \n\nWhich is the harder thing to do: Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple.You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp.I know you can because we did. \n\nHowever, last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon.That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax.The show's creator is a publicity hound who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon.Mr.X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him \"a thief, liar and coward\" until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr.X in the face. \n\nAnyway, NASA's publicity campaign began to slow down.The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA's effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round -- I mean, that we had gone to the moon -- was simply a waste of money.(Actually, the $15,000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E.Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.) \n\nIf NASA not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house.Armstrong is an extremely private man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience.Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque for his recent touch on the face of Mr.X.", "question": "What personal characteristic is mentioned about Neil Armstrong?", "context": "Neil Armstrong is described as being an extremely private man.", "based_on_pattern": "(Neil Armstrong)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(Extremely Private Man)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0201", "coqa_story": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u00c4\u00b1 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "question": "What major global conflict was sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria?", "context": "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria sparked World War I.", "based_on_pattern": "(Assassination Of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Of Austria)-[SPARKED]->(World War I)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0202", "coqa_story": "Zapata, Texas (CNN) -- The wife of an American man missing since a reported pirate attack on a U.S.-Mexico border lake said Thursday it's \"hard being judged\" by people who have questioned her story, but \"I know what happened that day.\" \n\nTiffany Hartley told authorities her husband David was shot and killed by pirates on Falcon Lake during a sightseeing trip last week. His body has yet to be found, leading to questions about the accuracy of her account. \n\nBut Hartley told HLN's \"Issues with Jane Velez-Mitchell\" on Thursday that \"I know what I know.\" \n\n\"It's hard being judged and thought of that I might have done something to him,\" she said. But she added, \"As long as I know the truth, God knows the truth. And other than that, it almost doesn't really matter to me, because I know what happened that day.\" \n\nMexican authorities said earlier this week that they could not verify the shooting, and Hartley was asked point-blank on NBC's \"Today\" show Wednesday whether she had anything to do with her husband's disappearance. \n\nPam Hartley, David Hartley's mother, said Tuesday that any suggestion that her daughter-in-law's account was inaccurate is \"insane.\" \n\nInvestigators have found some evidence that backs up Hartley's account, including blood on her life vest, Zapata County, Texas, Sheriff Sigifredo Gonzalez Jr. said Thursday. And the incident was similar to other attacks reported by boaters on Falcon Lake, about 70 miles west of the Hartley's home in McAllen. \n\nGonzalez has said the gunmen are typically teenagers hired by a drug cartel in the neighboring Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Mexican authorities have said the lake is controlled on their side by \"organized criminals,\" and the sheriff called on the Zeta cartel to turn over Hartley's remains if they have them. ", "question": "On which television network was the program 'Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell' broadcast?", "context": "The program 'Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell' was broadcast on Hln.", "based_on_pattern": "(Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell)-[BROADCAST_ON]->(Hln)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0203", "coqa_story": "Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday. Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was \"supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games\", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress. Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through _ . \"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points,\" he said, \"and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping.\" Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. \"Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles,\" he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London. Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. \"Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution,\" he said. \"The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars.\" Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games. \"We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,\" said Wetzel.", "question": "What does he support limiting?", "context": "Wetzel supports limiting Company Cars. Nigel Wilson supports limiting Private Cars.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wetzel)-[supports limiting]->(Company Cars) || (Nigel Wilson)-[supports limiting]->(Private Cars)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0204", "coqa_story": "Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as \"the most powerful woman in America.\" She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country. \n\nKatharine Meyer was born in New York City in 1917. Her father was a successful investment banker and became an important financial official. Her family was very rich. Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working, Katharine was often lonely. Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in 1938. In 1933, her father bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful one of five newspapers in Washington. \n\nKatharine Graham returned to Washington and got a job editing letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter but soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper. Mr. Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mr. Graham treated his wife badly. He had an affair with a young reporter. For many years, Mr. Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in 1963. \n\nKatharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was only concerned about finding a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough. She did not think she had the ability to do an important job. She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to look after their homes and children. \n\nKatharine Graham met with officials of The Washington Post. She was elected president of The Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin C.Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mr. Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In 1969, Mrs. Graham became publisher as well as president of The Washington Post Company. In the 1970s, The Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes.", "question": "From which university did Katharine Meyer Graham graduate?", "context": "Katharine Meyer Graham graduated from the University Of Chicago.", "based_on_pattern": "(Katharine Meyer Graham)-[GRADUATED_FROM]->(University Of Chicago)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0205", "coqa_story": "The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples: kilohertz (10 Hz, kHz), megahertz (10 Hz, MHz), gigahertz (10 Hz, GHz), and terahertz (10 Hz, THz). \n\nSome of the unit's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. \n\nThe hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i.e., \"1/second\" or formula_1. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as \"the duration of 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom\" and then adds the obvious conclusion: \"It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 hertz, \u00ce\u00bd(hfs Cs) = 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 Hz.\" \n\nIn English, \"hertz\" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz), MHz (megahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz), GHz (gigahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz) and THz (terahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz). One hertz simply means \"one cycle per second\" (typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle); 100\u00c2\u00a0Hz means \"one hundred cycles per second\", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event\u00e2\u20ac\u201dfor example, a clock might be said to tick at 1\u00c2\u00a0Hz, or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2\u00c2\u00a0Hz. The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second (1/s or s) in general or, in the specific case of radioactive decay, in becquerels. Whereas 1\u00c2\u00a0Hz is 1 cycle per second, 1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second.", "question": "What is it defined as?", "context": "Hertz is defined as One Cycle Per Second. 1 Bq is defined as 1 Aperiodic Radionuclide Event Per Second.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hertz)-[is defined as]->(One Cycle Per Second) || (1 Bq)-[is defined as]->(1 Aperiodic Radionuclide Event Per Second)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0206", "coqa_story": "Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In some languages, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, participles, prepositions, numerals, articles and their modifiers take different inflected forms depending on what case they are in. As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in Ancient Greek, the locative case merged with the dative), a phenomenon formally called syncretism. \n\nEnglish has largely lost its case system, although personal pronouns still have three cases that are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative and genitive cases: subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever), objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) and possessive case (my, mine; your, yours; his; her, hers; its; our, ours; their, theirs; whose; whosever). Forms such as \"I\", \"he\" and \"we\" are used for the subject (\"I kicked the ball\"), whereas forms such as \"me\", \"him\" and \"us\" are used for the object (\"John kicked me\"). \n\nLanguages such as Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin, Armenian, Hungarian, Tibetan, Czech, Slovak, Turkish, Tamil, Romanian, Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Estonian, Finnish, Icelandic, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Basque, Esperanto and the majority of Caucasian languages have extensive case systems, with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners all inflecting (usually by means of different suffixes) to indicate their case. The number of cases differs between languages: German and Icelandic have four; Turkish, Latin and Russian each have at least six; Armenian, Czech, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian have seven; Sanskrit has eight; Estonian and Finnish have fifteen, Hungarian has eighteen and Tsez has sixty-four.", "question": "How many grammatical cases are there in the Tsez language?", "context": "The Tsez language has 64 grammatical cases.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tsez)-[HAS_NUMBER_OF_CASES]->(64)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0207", "coqa_story": "The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger\u00e2\u20ac\u201cCongo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family. \n\nSimilarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific Ocean were first observed in 1706 by the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the comparative method to the Austronesian languages, but the first comprehensive and extensive study on the phonological history of the Austronesian language family including a reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian lexicon was made by the German linguist Otto Dempwolff. The term Austronesian itself was coined by Wilhelm Schmidt (German \"austronesisch\") which comes from Latin \"auster\" \"south wind\" plus Greek \"n\u00c3\u00aasos\" \"island\". The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one Austronesian language, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), is spoken by 250 million people, making it the 8th most spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries (see the list of major and official Austronesian languages).", "question": "Who is credited with coining the term 'Austronesian Languages'?", "context": "Wilhelm Schmidt is credited with coining the term 'Austronesian Languages'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wilhelm Schmidt)-[COINED_TERM]->(Austronesian Languages)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0208", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "With which character does Caroline Channing develop a friendship?", "context": "Caroline Channing develops a friendship with Max Black.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caroline Channing)-[DEVELOPS_FRIENDSHIP_WITH]->(Max Black)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0209", "coqa_story": "prefix = st1 /PITTSBURGH, Sept. 7 -- At 26, many people haven't even decided on a career. Luke Ravenstahl, cashing in on his family's political tradition, is already the mayor of Pittsburgh, the youngest mayor of any major city in the country. Although mayors elsewhere have been younger, Jeff Dunkel was 18 in 2001 when he was elected mayor of Mount Carbon, small towns inNew York, and elsewhere have also elected teenagers as mayors. But,Tallahassee, is the only other city with a population over 100,000 that has had a mayor as young as Mr. Ravenstahl. A supporter of Mr. Ravenstahl said concerns about Mr. Ravenstahl's age would _ once the city saw his work ethic. But now comes the hard part. As he strives to be taken seriously and take charge of a city only recently back from the brink of bankruptcy, the baby-faced mayor said that even the smallest decisions felt weighty, even what to wear in the Steelers game matters. And another pressing issue is to strengthen the city's economy. Pittsburghhas lost all its mills, nearly half its population and much of its downtown commercial district in the last several decades. \"ButPittsburghhas 50,000 college students, and our challenge is to figure out how to retain them and to increase downtown development.\" He said. But one of the biggest uncertainties is how long he will remain in office. According to the city charter, Mayor Ravenstahl's term will not expire until November 2009. Some city lawyers, however, have argued that he must face the electorate next year. And residents in Pittsburghare still withholding judgment on him. Deli, Jimmy Cvetic, a sandwich shop owner, said \"I call him Cool Hand Luke. He'll be all right, but he's going to need a cool hand to get through this.\" Mayor Ravenstahl said he was still coming to terms with the challenge he faced.", "question": "He is the mayor of which city?", "context": "Luke Ravenstahl is the mayor of Pittsburgh. Jeff Dunkel is the mayor of Mount Carbon.", "based_on_pattern": "(Luke Ravenstahl)-[mayor of]->(Pittsburgh) || (Jeff Dunkel)-[mayor of]->(Mount Carbon)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0210", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IX. \n\nCOUSINS. \n\n\"Come in,\" called Beth, answering a knock at her door. \n\nLouise entered, and with a little cry ran forward and caught Beth in her arms, kissing her in greeting. \n\n\"You must be my new cousin--Cousin Elizabeth--and I'm awfully glad to see you at last!\" she said, holding the younger girl a little away, that she might examine her carefully. \n\nBeth did not respond to the caress. She eyed her opponent sharply, for she knew well enough, even in that first moment, that they were engaged in a struggle for supremacy in Aunt Jane's affections, and that in the battles to come no quarter could be asked or expected. \n\nSo they stood at arm's length, facing one another and secretly forming an estimate each of the other's advantages and accomplishments. \n\n\"She's pretty enough, but has no style whatever,\" was Louise's conclusion. \"Neither has she tact nor self-possession, or even a prepossessing manner. She wears her new gown in a dowdy manner and one can read her face easily. There's little danger in this quarter, I'm sure, so I may as well be friends with the poor child.\" \n\nAs for Beth, she saw at once that her \"new cousin\" was older and more experienced in the ways of the world, and therefore liable to prove a dangerous antagonist. Slender and graceful of form, attractive of feature and dainty in manner, Louise must be credited with many advantages; but against these might be weighed her evident insincerity--the volubility and gush that are so often affected to hide one's real nature, and which so shrewd and suspicious a woman as Aunt Jane could not fail to readily detect. Altogether, Beth was not greatly disturbed by her cousin's appearance, and suddenly realizing that they had been staring at one another rather rudely, she said, pleasantly enough: ", "question": "Besides Beth, what is another name that this person is known by?", "context": "Beth is also known as Cousin Elizabeth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beth)-[ALSO_KNOWN_AS]->(Cousin Elizabeth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0211", "coqa_story": "Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. \n\nHistorically, manganese is named for pyrolusite and other black minerals from the region of Magnesia in Greece, which also gave its name to magnesium and the iron ore magnetite. By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite (now known to be manganese dioxide) contained a new element, but they were unable to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, which he did by reducing the dioxide with carbon. \n\nManganese phosphating is used for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Ionized manganese is used industrially as pigments of various colors, which depend on the oxidation state of the ions. The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries. \n\nIn biology, manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions. Manganese enzymes are particularly essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals in organisms that must deal with elemental oxygen. Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants. While the element is a required trace mineral for all known living organisms, it also acts as a neurotoxin in larger amounts. Especially through inhalation, it can cause manganism, a condition in mammals leading to neurological damage that is sometimes irreversible.", "question": "What chemical property is characteristic of permanganates?", "context": "Permanganates are powerful oxidizers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Permanganates)-[ARE_POWERFUL]->(Oxidizers)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0212", "coqa_story": "It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man.Over the phone ,his mother told him,\"Mr.Belser died last night ,The funeral is Wednesday.\"Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. \n\nWhen Jack was very young ,his father died.Mr Belser,who lived in the same neighborhood with them,spent as much time as he could to make sure Jack had a man's influence in his life.He spent a lot of time teachimg Jack he thought what was important in his following life.If Mr.Belser hadn' taught him how to weave,he wouldn't be in this business now.So he promised his mother he would attend Mr.Belser's funeral. \n\n\"You'd better not drive your car.It's a long way.\"his mother warned him. \n\nBusy as he was,he kept his word.Though tired from the earliest flight,Jack tried his best to help.Mr.Belser's funeral was small because he had no children of his own and most of his s had passed away. \n\nThe night before he had to return home,Jack and his mother stopped by to see the old house Mr.Belser once lived.Now it belonged to him.He bought the house from one of his s. \n\nThe house was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories.Every picture,every piece of furniture... Jadk stopped suddenly. \n\nThe box on his desk was gone!He once asked the old man what was inside.He just smiled and said it was the most valuable thing to him,though it almost cost nothing to others.He figured that someone from the Belser family had taken it .\"I will never know what was so valuable to him.\"Jack thought disappotntedly. \n\nThree days later returning home from work,Jack discovered a small package in his mailbox. \n\nThe handwriting was difficult to read,but the return address caught his attention.\"Mr.Harold Belser\"it read. \n\nJack couldn't wait to open it .Inside lay the familiar small box.His heart racing,Jack unlocked the box.Inside he found a gold pocket watch with these words engraved:\"Jack,Thanks for your time!Harold Belser.\" \n\n\"The thing he valued most was my time.\"Jack held the watch before his chest,tears filling his eyes.", "question": "What special skill did Mr. Belser teach to Jack?", "context": "Mr. Belser taught weaving to Jack.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Belser)-[TAUGHT_WEAVING_TO]->(Jack)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0213", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER C - DOWN IN SUFFOLK \n\nIt need hardly be said that Paul Montague was not long in adjusting his affairs with Hetta after the visit which he received from Roger Carbury. Early on the following morning he was once more in Welbeck Street, taking the brooch with him; and though at first Lady Carbury kept up her opposition, she did it after so weak a fashion as to throw in fact very little difficulty in his way. Hetta understood perfectly that she was in this matter stronger than her mother and that she need fear nothing, now that Roger Carbury was on her side. 'I don't know what you mean to live on,' Lady Carbury said, threatening future evils in a plaintive tone. Hetta repeated, though in other language, the assurance which the young lady made who declared that if her future husband would consent to live on potatoes, she would be quite satisfied with the potato-peelings; while Paul made some vague allusion to the satisfactory nature of his final arrangements with the house of Fisker, Montague, and Montague. 'I don't see anything like an income,' said Lady Carbury; 'but I suppose Roger will make it right. He takes everything upon himself now it seems.' But this was before the halcyon day of Mr Broune's second offer. \n\nIt was at any rate decided that they were to be married, and the time fixed for the marriage was to be the following spring. When this was finally arranged Roger Carbury, who had returned to his own home, conceived the idea that it would be well that Hetta should pass the autumn and if possible the winter also down in Suffolk, so that she might get used to him in the capacity which he now aspired to fill; and with that object he induced Mrs Yeld, the Bishop's wife, to invite her down to the palace. Hetta accepted the invitation and left London before she could hear the tidings of her mother's engagement with Mr Broune. ", "question": "What business is Paul Montague associated with?", "context": "Paul Montague is associated with Fisker, Montague, And Montague.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul Montague)-[ASSOCIATED_WITH]->(Fisker, Montague, And Montague)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0214", "coqa_story": "Diane Arbus is known for creating intense black and white photographs of very unusual people. She used a special camera that produced square shaped images. One art expert said Diane Arbus turned photography inside out. Instead of looking at her subjects, she made them look at her. \n\nDiane Arbus was born in 1923 to a wealthy family in New York City. After finishing high school at the age of 18, Diane married Allan Arbus. Mr. Arbus worked in the advertising department of her father's store. \n\nIt was Mr. Arbus who gave Diane her first camera. Diane soon decided to take a class with the famous photographer Berenice Abbott. The Arbuses eventually started taking photographs of clothing. These images were used as advertisements for Diane's father's store. After the birth of their daughter, Doon, the Arbuses started a business together. Their purpose was to photograph clothing fashions. Diane Arbus was the stylist. She would prepare the hair and faces of the fashion models who wore the clothing being photographed. Allan Arbus took the pictures. \n\nThe couple soon had jobs from important fashion magazines such as \"Vogue\" and \"Harper's Bazaar\". Their work was very successful during the 1950s. They became part of a group of artists that were helping to redefine visual culture. They were breaking with past traditions to create a new look for a new decade, the sixties. \n\nBut Diane was not satisfied with her secondary role. She wanted a more active part in making photographs. She wanted to explore her own artistic expression and freedom. To do this, she stopped working with her husband. Then she started taking photography classes at the New School in New York City. \n\nArbus' teacher, Lisette Model, influenced her in many ways. She showed Diane how to use a camera like an expert. She also taught Diane to use her art to face her doubts and fears. Miss Model once said that Diane soon started \"not listening to me but suddenly listening to herself.\"", "question": "Who was their spouse?", "context": "Diane Arbus was the spouse of Allan Arbus. Allan Arbus was the spouse of Diane Arbus.", "based_on_pattern": "(Diane Arbus)-[spouse of]->(Allan Arbus) || (Allan Arbus)-[spouse of]->(Diane Arbus)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0215", "coqa_story": "On an August afternoon last year, Pamela Rivers, 40, and her friend Rita Graham, 38, were stopped at a red light on Cobb's Creek Parkway in South Philadelphia when a white SUV traveling in the opposite direction turned across traffic in front of them. It then jumped the curb and rushed through a grassy expanse before plunging down an embankment toward Cobb's Creek. Pamela quickly pulled over, jumped out of her car, and dialed 911. \n\nKenny Gibson, 23, and his friend Taron Green, 25, were driving home from a job when Rita flagged them down. Kenny stopped, and the men got out of the car and looked over the cliff. The SUV had landed upside down in five feet of water. A woman's leg could be seen swinging out the driver's side window. \n\n\"I have a fear of water,\" Kenny said now. \"I almost drowned when I was nine.\" Even so, he and Taron hurried down the 50-foot embankment into the muddy water. \"I couldn't just leave her,\" he adds. \n\nThe men waded out to the car and saw that the woman, Cheryl Allison, 61, was partially in water. Kenny tried unsuccessfully to open the door. Then he broke the window. But when he reached in to pull out Cheryl, he found she was trapped by the seat belt. \n\n\"Run back to the truck and grab a box cutter ,\" Kenny yelled to Taron. Meanwhile, Kenny tried in vain to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl. \n\nThat's when mechanic Marcell Porter approached the site. \"I flipped into rescue mode,\" he said. When Taron returned, Kenny cut through the seat belt with the box cutter. He and Marcell tried to pull Cheryl out, but she wouldn't come out. \n\nMarcell broke the rear window with a rock, hoping to rescue her from the back. Then he saw that she was still strapped in by her shoulder belt. Marcell reached for the box cutter and cut the remaining strap in two. Kenny leaned in, grabbed Cheryl by the waist, and pulled her out feet first. Marcell grasped Cheryl's legs, and they managed to drag her lifeless body onto a rock. \n\n\"Give her CPR!\" Pamela yelled down to them. But the two men had no idea what to do. \"Put your mouth on her mouth and breathe,\" she shouted to Marcell. And to Kenny, \"Pump her chest!\" \n\n\"We tried three times,\" said Marcell. Finally, Cheryl brought up water and started moving her fingers. The men rolled her over onto her stomach to let out more water. \n\nSoon an ambulance arrived and transported Cheryl to the hospital, where doctors treated her. They never discovered what caused her to pass out, but she assumes it had something to do with the burning summer heat. \n\nOver the next few days, they took turns visiting Cheryl in the hospital, where they shared hugs and tears. \"We couldn't believe she was all right,\" said Pamela. \n\n\"It's just amazing that these people came together,\" said Cheryl. She stays in touch with her \"angels\" via frequent phone calls. \"They are really beautiful people,\" she said.", "question": "How old are they?", "context": "Kenny Gibson has age 23. Cheryl Allison has age 61. Pamela Rivers has age 40. Rita Graham has age 38. Taron Green has age 25.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kenny Gibson)-[has age]->(23) || (Cheryl Allison)-[has age]->(61) || (Pamela Rivers)-[has age]->(40) || (Rita Graham)-[has age]->(38) || (Taron Green)-[has age]->(25)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0216", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- When Paul Ryan struggled to explain a budget-balancing timeline under Mitt Romney, he highlighted the difficulty of trying to run a substantive campaign without being too specific. \n\nWhile Ryan's interview Tuesday with Fox News' Brit Hume was no Sarah Palin-Katie Couric moment, the Republican vice presidential candidate's discomfort in answering when Romney's proposal would balance the budget was evident. \n\nRyan, a seven-term congressman from Wisconsin and chairman of the House Budget Committee, said he was unsure when Romney's proposals would balance the federal budget. Romney's plans say he would \"put the federal government on a course toward a balanced budget\" but does not say when. \n\nMitt Romney's 5-point plan for the economy \n\nHume repeatedly pressed Ryan on the question of \"when\" Romney's budget would balance. \n\nHume: \"The budget plan you're now supporting would get to balance when?\" \n\nRyan: \"Well, there are different -- the budget plan that Mitt Romney is supporting gets us down to 20% of GDP (gross domestic product) government spending by 2016. That means get the size of government back to where it historically has been. What President Obama has done is he brought the size of government to as high as it hasn't been since World War II. We want to reduce the size of government to have more economic freedom.\" \n\nHume: \"I get that. What about balance?\" \n\nRyan: \"I don't know exactly what the balance is. I don't want to get wonky on you, but we haven't run the numbers on that specific plan. The plan we offer in the House balances the budget. I'd put a contrast. President Obama, never once, ever, has offered a plan to ever balance the budget. The United States Senate, they haven't even balanced, they haven't passed a budget in three years.\" ", "question": "What committee is Paul Ryan the chairman of?", "context": "Paul Ryan is the chairman of the House Budget Committee.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul Ryan)-[IS_CHAIRMAN_OF]->(House Budget Committee)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0217", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- In most of the country, employers can force pregnant workers out of the workplace when their pregnancy interferes with their normal job duties. \n\nHeather Wiseman, a retail sales associate, lost her job because consuming water while working, an activity necessary to maintain a healthy pregnancy, violated store policy. \n\nVictoria Serednyj, a nursing home activity director, lost her job because her pregnancy interfered with her ability to lift heavy tables. Her employer terminated her employment even though lifting tables \"took up a small part, roughly five to 10 minutes\" of her day and her co-workers volunteered to perform this task. \n\nWorkers covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act, by contrast, can continue working despite their physical limitations. \n\nThe Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008 broadened the ADA to include many short-term and relatively minor physical conditions. Pregnant women who experience comparable physical limitations should also have the opportunity to receive accommodations that will enable them to continue working. \n\nAccording to EEOC regulations issued in 2011, the amended ADA requires employers to accommodate persons who experience \"shortness of breath and fatigue when walking distances that most people could walk without experiencing such effects.\" \n\nIt also requires employers to accommodate persons with back injuries resulting in a \"20-pound lifting restriction that lasts or is expected to last for several months.\" In some circumstances, even a far more common 50-pound lifting restriction may qualify an individual for ADA coverage. \n\nTo date, courts have balked at including pregnancy within the Americans with Disabilities Act. They've reasoned the physical limitations accompanying pregnancy are too short-term and minor to qualify as disabilities. ", "question": "Why did Heather Wiseman lose her job?", "context": "Heather Wiseman lost her job due to pregnancy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Heather Wiseman)-[LOST_JOB_DUE_TO]->(Pregnancy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0218", "coqa_story": "\"Mobile phone killed my man,\" screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones could cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones could heat the brain. \n\nFor anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you hear a different story. \n\nOne of the oddest effects comes from the now famous\"memory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave radiation of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. \"I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,\" he says. \n\nAnother expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more -- rather than less -- receptive to undergoing changes linked to memory formation. \n\nAn even happier outcome would be that microwaves turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical. \n\n\"If _ doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,\" says William. And while there's still no absolute evidence that mobile phone use does damage your memories or give you cancer, the conclusion is: don't be afraid.", "question": "According to the study, what condition were mice found to be less likely to develop?", "context": "Mice were found to be less likely to develop brain tumours.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mice)-[LESS_LIKELY_TO_DEVELOP]->(Brain Tumours)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0219", "coqa_story": "Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America. \n\nDuring the 1940's and the 1950's, Gwendolyn Brooks used her poems to describe conditions among the poor,racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. \n\nBut her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience. \n\nGwendolyn Brooks once said that she wrote about what she saw and heard in the street. She said she found most of her materials through looking out of the window of her second-floor apartment in Chicago, Illinois. \n\nIn her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago, where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was \"A Street in Bronzeville\" that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skills and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection. \n\nIn 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called \"Annie Allen\". \"Annie Allen\" is a collection of poetry about a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death andpoverty . \n\nGwendolyn Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life. \n\nHer next work was a novel written in 1953 called \"Maud Martha\". \"Maud Martha\" attracted little attention when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult lives of many women are popular among female writers today.", "question": "What was the title of Gwendolyn Brooks' first published collection?", "context": "The first published collection of Gwendolyn Brooks was 'A Street In Bronzeville'.", "based_on_pattern": "(A Street In Bronzeville)-[FIRST_PUBLISHED_COLLECTION_OF]->(Gwendolyn Brooks)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0220", "coqa_story": "My mother, Marisol Torres, came with her family to Australia in the early 1960s. Then my parents' marriage ended and Mum began the study of precious stones. Her interest in opals took her to the New South Wales remote town of Lightning Ridge. There were no luxuries , but she was closer to nature and had a chance to find black opals and make some money. My mother was beautiful with dark hair and brown eyes, but she was also quiet and shy. Early in the Ridge years, she kept to herself, but later, she started going to the neighbourhood centre to make friends. It was her dream to mine, but her get-rich-quick thinking was unrealistic. She was cheated and she was never very successful. But she kept a sense of humour and a charming smile. Then, just as friendships began to blossom, she was diagnosed with cancer and had to return south for treatment. She had the intention of cooking Spanish food as special treat for her Ridge friends, but died too soon. In her honour, my aunt, Marisa, and I fulfilled her desire when we visited the Ridge in March last year. People who mine the Ridge come from a cross section of society, from lawyers to travels. Looks don't mean much: it can be hard to tell who is millionaire and who is poor. Opals attracted Sebastian and Hanna Deisenberger to Lightning Ridge. They planned a two-year stay, but became permanent residents. Then there's Neil Schellnegger, 45, who moved to the area with his parents when he was a child. He lives with his son, Luke. Luke is a shy 19-year-old boy who enjoys helping his dad. They haven't had much luck over the past couple of years, but their passion for opals conquers disappointment. They love the peaceful lifestyle. Danny Hatcher, 38, is a second-generation miner and president of the Lightning Ridge Miners' Association. He is an optimistic man, driven by the desire to find the perfect opal. \"It's magic,\" he explains. \"Once you start opal mining you don't want to do anything else... There is always the potential for finding a million dollars. Nothing beats it.\" It's a place where dreams --- spiritual or material --- can be fulfilled; a place, for one last bet in life.", "question": "Based on the provided information, who is Neil Schellnegger's son?", "context": "Neil Schellnegger's son is Luke.", "based_on_pattern": "(Neil Schellnegger)-[FATHER_OF]->(Luke)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0221", "coqa_story": "The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. \n\nIndoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass and coal stoves. \n\nThese findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO' s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. \"New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.\" \n\nThe United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. \n\nNigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.\"There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.\" In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.", "question": "What specific public health issue does The World Health Organization issue warnings about?", "context": "The World Health Organization issues warnings about Indoor Air Pollution.", "based_on_pattern": "(The World Health Organization)-[WARNS_ABOUT]->(Indoor Air Pollution)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0222", "coqa_story": "The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. \n\nMembers of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked representation in Parliament. Protests steadily escalated to the burning of the \"Gaspee\" in Rhode Island in 1772, followed by the Boston Tea Party in 1773, during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea. The British responded by closing Boston Harbor, then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony's rights of self-government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts. In late 1774, the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories. \n\nTensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775\u00e2\u20ac\u201c83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.", "question": "Who was the leader of the Continental Army?", "context": "The Continental Army was led by General George Washington.", "based_on_pattern": "(Continental Army)-[LED_BY]->(General George Washington)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0223", "coqa_story": "The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the \u00c5\u0161rama\u00e1\u00b9\u2021a movement; the decline of \u00c5\u0161rauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. \n\nEvidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.", "question": "During which period were the Shramanic Philosophies propagated?", "context": "The Shramanic Philosophies were propagated during the Fifth And Sixth Century Bce.", "based_on_pattern": "(Shramanic Philosophies)-[PROPAGATED_DURING]->(Fifth And Sixth Century Bce)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0224", "coqa_story": "Microbiology (from Greek , \"m\u00c4\u00abkros\", \"small\"; , \"bios\", \"life\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology. \n\nEukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound cell organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms\u00e2\u20ac\u201dall of which are microorganisms\u00e2\u20ac\u201dare conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include eubacteria and archaebacteria. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences. \n\nViruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search\u00e2\u20ac\u201ddiscovering \"infectious proteins\". \n\nThe existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome. The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch.", "question": "What place were they in?", "context": "Jains were in India. Marcus Terentius Varro was in Ancient Rome.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jains)-[in]->(India) || (Marcus Terentius Varro)-[in]->(Ancient Rome)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0225", "coqa_story": "Charles I (19 November 1600\u00c2\u00a0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c 30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. \n\nCharles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the English, Irish, and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead. \n\nAfter his succession, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church ecclesiastics, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.", "question": "What conflict is noted as contributing to the downfall of Charles I?", "context": "The Bishops' Wars are noted as contributing to the downfall of Charles I.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bishops' Wars)-[DOWNFALL_OF]->(Charles I)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0226", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "What was Ed Winter's official role in the city of Los Angeles?", "context": "Ed Winter served as the assistant chief coroner of Los Angeles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ed Winter)-[ASSISTANT_CHIEF_CORONER_OF]->(Los Angeles)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0227", "coqa_story": "Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America. \n\nDuring the 1940's and the 1950's, Gwendolyn Brooks used her poems to describe conditions among the poor,racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. \n\nBut her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience. \n\nGwendolyn Brooks once said that she wrote about what she saw and heard in the street. She said she found most of her materials through looking out of the window of her second-floor apartment in Chicago, Illinois. \n\nIn her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago, where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was \"A Street in Bronzeville\" that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skills and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection. \n\nIn 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called \"Annie Allen\". \"Annie Allen\" is a collection of poetry about a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death andpoverty . \n\nGwendolyn Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life. \n\nHer next work was a novel written in 1953 called \"Maud Martha\". \"Maud Martha\" attracted little attention when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult lives of many women are popular among female writers today.", "question": "What is it in?", "context": "Drug Use is in the Black Community. Black Culture is in America.", "based_on_pattern": "(Drug Use)-[in]->(Black Community) || (Black Culture)-[in]->(America)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0228", "coqa_story": "John Steinbeck once said, \"All Americans believe they are born fishermen. For a man to admit to a distaste in fishing would be like denouncing mother - love or hating moonlight.\" \n\nI can't say that I'm the biggest John Steinbeck fan. Actually, the only thing I can ever remember reading by him was \"The pearl\" when I was in middle school, but I couldn't agree more with the man when it comes to fishing. Whether I am on a boat in the middle of the Lay Lake, fishing off the shores of the Florida Keys for tarpon or catching rainbow trout in the Shoshone River of Wyoming, fishing is my life. \n\nAccording to the American Sports Fishing Association, the fishing industry brings in more than $ 116 billion per year from fishermen across the country. \n\nThough a beautiful picture to imagine, fishing is much more than that. Fishing is a way of life for many people and a way to escape everyday stress. Being a fisherman makes me a member of a wonderful group of people extending to all walks of life. Even President Obama can be found fishing on his farm in Texas with his good friend Roland Martin when the job gets too stressful. \n\nI can remember fishing with my grandfather when I was 5 years old on his boat at Lake Mitchell. Although I didn't understand what I was doing, I did know that my grandfather was happy and that made me happy. Since then I've spent the past 16 years on the rivers and lakes of Alabama. \n\nAfter days of practice, before and after work, I slowly developed an understanding of fishing. My boss, Ric Horst, took me back to the Shoshone, and I managed to bring in a 19-inch cutthroat trout. Fishing with Ric was a life-changing experience for me. He not only showed me how to fish correctly, but also told me how fishing could be a way to escape your problems. \n\nSince then, prime-time season seems to take forever to arrive. \n\nNow, with the ending of February and beginning of March in sight, the excitement of heading out Lake Tuscaloosa or Lake Lurleen before classes and catching something has finally returned.", "question": "Where does he fish?", "context": "President Obama fishes in Texas. Ric Horst fishes in the Shoshone River.", "based_on_pattern": "(President Obama)-[fishes in]->(Texas) || (Ric Horst)-[fishes in]->(Shoshone River)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0229", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty and Golden Gate Bridge are normal tourist sites. But if you prefer offbeat destinations, check out the following road-side attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as a center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness world Records. Visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johanson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hot dog lovers! This museum claims to have world's largest collection of prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and Tibet. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much, he even puts it on ice cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much--if any --thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a Word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers of newspaper. In all ,he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "Who created it?", "context": "World'S Largest Ball Of Paint was created by Michael Carmichael. The Museum Of Dirt was created by Glenn Johanson. Mount Horeb Mustard Museum was created by Barry Levenson. Paper House was created by Ellis Stenman.", "based_on_pattern": "(World'S Largest Ball Of Paint)-[created by]->(Michael Carmichael) || (The Museum Of Dirt)-[created by]->(Glenn Johanson) || (Mount Horeb Mustard Museum)-[created by]->(Barry Levenson) || (Paper House)-[created by]->(Ellis Stenman)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0230", "coqa_story": "MARIANNA, Florida (CNN) -- Leaning against his cane, Bryant Middleton shuffled toward the makeshift cemetery. Tears welled in his eyes as he leaned down to touch one of the crosses. \n\nBryant Middleton kneels by a row of white crosses on the grounds of a former reform school he attended. \n\n\"This shouldn't be,\" he said. \"This shouldn't be.\" \n\nThirty-one crosses made of tubular steel and painted white line up unevenly in the grass and weeds of what used to be the grounds of a reform school in Marianna, Florida. The anonymous crosses are rusting away but their secrets may soon be exposed. \n\nWhen boys disappeared from the school, administrators explained it away, said former student Roger Kiser. \n\nThey'd say, \"Well, he ran away and the swamp got him,\" Kiser recalled. Or, \"The gators got him.\" Or, 'Water moccasins got him.\" \n\nKiser and other former students believe authorities will soon find the remains of children and teens sent to the Florida School for Boys half a century ago. Watch Middleton kneel by the crosses \u00c2\u00bb \n\nOn the orders of Gov. Charlie Crist, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement last week opened an investigation to determine if anyone is buried here, whether crimes were committed, and if so, who was responsible. \n\nA group of men in their 60s, who once attended the school, have told investigators they believe the bodies are classmates who disappeared after being savagely beaten by administrators and workers. \n\nThe FDLE is just beginning its investigation, so there is no way to know if there is any truth to the allegations. The investigation will be challenging. Finding records and witnesses from nearly half a century ago will be difficult if not impossible. Many of the administrators and employees of the reform school are dead. Read more about the investigation ", "question": "What was located on the grounds of the Florida School for Boys?", "context": "A makeshift cemetery was located on the grounds of the Florida School for Boys.", "based_on_pattern": "(Makeshift Cemetery)-[LOCATED_ON_GROUNDS_OF]->(Florida School For Boys)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0231", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XVII. EXCLUDED \n\n\n\nBut I needn't tell you what to do, only do it out of hand, And charge whatever you like to charge, my lady won't make a stand. -\u00e2\u20ac\u201dT. HOOD. \n\nThe ladies' committee could not but meet over and over again, wandering about the gardens, which were now trimmed into order, to place the stalls and decide on what should and should not be. \n\nThere was to be an art stall, over which Mrs. Henderson was to preside. Here were to be the very graceful and beautiful articles of sculpture and Italian bijouterie that the Whites had sent home, and that were spared from the marble works; also Mrs. Grinstead's drawings, Captain Henderson's, those of others, screens and scrap- books and photographs. Jasper and a coadjutor or two undertook to photograph any one who wished it; and there too were displayed the Mouse-traps. Mrs. Henderson, sure to look beautiful, quite Madonna- like in her costume, would have the charge of the stall, with Gillian and two other girls, in Italian peasant-dresses, sent home by Aunt Ada. \n\nGillian was resolved on standing by her. \"Kalliope wants some one to give her courage,\" she said. \"Besides, I am the mother of the Mouse- trap, and I must see how it goes off.\" \n\nLady Flight and a bevy of young ladies of her selection were to preside over the flowers; Mrs. Yarley undertook the refreshments; Lady Merrifield the more ordinary bazaar stall. Her name was prized, and Anna was glad to shelter herself under her wing. The care of Valetta and Primrose, to say nothing of Dolores, was enough inducement to overcome any reluctance, and she was glad to be on the committee when vexed questions came on, such as Miss Pettifer's offer of a skirt-dance, which could not be so summarily dismissed as it had been at Beechcroft, for Lady Flight and Mrs. Varley wished for it, and even Mrs. Harper was ready to endure anything to raise the much- needed money, and almost thought Lady Merrifield too particular when she discontinued the dancing-class for Valetta and Primrose. ", "question": "What does she manage?", "context": "Mrs. Yarley manages Refreshments. Lady Merrifield manages the Bazaar Stall.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. Yarley)-[manages]->(Refreshments) || (Lady Merrifield)-[manages]->(Bazaar Stall)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0232", "coqa_story": "A barangay (Brgy. or Bgy.; Filipino: \"baranggay\", ; also pronounced the same in Spanish), formerly referred to as barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In metropolitan areas, the term often refers to an inner city neighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood. The word \"barangay\" originated from \"balangay\", a kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to the Philippines. \n\nMunicipalities and cities in the Philippines are subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan, Palawan which each contain only one barangay. The barangay itself is sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called \"purok\" (\"English: \"), barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses, and \"sitios\", which are territorial enclaves\u00e2\u20ac\u201dusually rural\u00e2\u20ac\u201dfar from the barangay center. , there were 42,029 barangays throughout the Philippines. \n\nWhen the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, they found well-organized independent villages called \"barangays\". The name \"barangay\" originated from \"balangay\", a Malay word meaning \"sailboat\". \n\nThe first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with Spaniards, many barangays have developed into large communities. The \"encomienda\" of 1604 shows that many affluent and powerful coastal barangays in Sulu, Butuan, Panay, Leyte and Cebu, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasig, Laguna, and Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000 inhabitants; Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with less number of people. But these were generally inland communities; or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas which were good for business pursuits. These smaller barangays had around thirty to one hundred houses only, and the population varies from one hundred to five hundred persons. According to Legazpi, he found communities with twenty to thirty people only.", "question": "What was its population?", "context": "Panay had a population of 20,000. Leyte had a population of 15,000. Cebu had a population of 3,500. Pampanga had a population of 7,000. Pangasinan had a population of 4,000.", "based_on_pattern": "(Panay)-[had population]->(20,000) || (Leyte)-[had population]->(15,000) || (Cebu)-[had population]->(3,500) || (Pampanga)-[had population]->(7,000) || (Pangasinan)-[had population]->(4,000)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0233", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Where does he work?", "context": "Steve Koenig works at Consumer Electronics Association. Brian Tong works at Cnet.Com. Elman Chacon works at Best Buy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steve Koenig)-[works at]->(Consumer Electronics Association) || (Brian Tong)-[works at]->(Cnet.Com) || (Elman Chacon)-[works at]->(Best Buy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0234", "coqa_story": "Birmingham is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County. The city's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census. In the 2010 US Census, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population. \n\nBirmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It was named for Birmingham, England, the UK's second largest city and then major industrial city. The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center, based on mining, the new iron and steel industry, and railroading. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city was developed as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast. \n\nFrom its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States. Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as \"The Magic City\" and \"The Pittsburgh of the South\". Its major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry. Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. Since the 1860s, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham. The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century. Banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have become major economic activities. Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast.", "question": "What was its population in 2010?", "context": "Birmingham had a population of 212,237 in 2010. Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,128,047 in 2010.", "based_on_pattern": "(Birmingham)-[has population in 2010]->(212,237) || (Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area)-[has population in 2010]->(1,128,047)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0235", "coqa_story": "Universal Music Group (also known in the United States as UMG Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the French media conglomerate Vivendi. UMG's global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica, California. It is considered one of the \"Big Three\" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. \n\nUniversal Music was once the record company attached to film studio Universal Pictures. Its origins go back to the formation of the American branch of Decca Records in September 1934. The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939. MCA Inc. merged with American Decca in 1962. The present organization was formed when its parent company Seagram purchased PolyGram in May 1998 and merged it with Universal Music Group in early 1999. However, the name had first appeared in 1996 when MCA Music Entertainment Group was renamed Universal Music Group. The PolyGram acquisition included Deutsche Grammophon which traces its ancestry to Berliner Gramophone making Deutsche Grammophon UMG's oldest unit. UMG's Canadian unit traces its ancestry to a Berliner Gramophone breakaway firm the Compo Company. \n\nBetween 1995 and 2000, music companies were found to have artificially inflated compact disc prices through the use of illegal marketing practices such as minimum advertised pricing, doing so in order to end price wars that began in the early 1990s by discounters such as Best Buy and Target. A settlement in 2002 included the music publishers and distributors; Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music and Universal Music Group. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing. It is estimated suppliers/customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album which conflicts with proof of sale and purchase interests.", "question": "What did it merge with?", "context": "Mca Inc. merged with Decca Records. Polygram merged with Universal Music Group.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mca Inc.)-[merged with]->(Decca Records) || (Polygram)-[merged with]->(Universal Music Group)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0236", "coqa_story": "Simply by analyzing a drop of blood, a doctor will be able to diagnose a birth defect or even cancer when it is in the early stage; using new technology, a material lighter but much stronger than steel can be produced. \n\nThese may sound like dreams at present. But the dreams may soon come true as research findings in laboratories are being turned into products more rapidly in the new century, according to experts participating in the fourth Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Technomart, a technology exhibition and trade fair in Suzhou. \n\n\"Most people think nano-technology is too far-fetched to be real. But in fact nano-technology has been applied in a wide range of fields, such as medicine. It is coming into our daily life,\" said Cheng Jiachong from a Hong Kong-based nano-technology firm. \n\nNano-technology based on the nanometer, the unit of which is a billionth of a meter, enables scientists to have new concepts of disease diagnosis and treatment on a molecular and atomic scale, Cheng said. \n\nBy using nanometer particles, a doctor can separate the fetus cells from the blood of a pregnant woman to see if the development of the fetus is normal. This method is also being used in the early diagnosis of cancer and heart disease, he said. \n\nOne of the most significant impacts of nano-technology is at the bio-inorganic materials interface, according to Greg Tegart, executive advisor of the APEC Center for Technology Foresight. \n\n\"By combining enzymes and silicon chips we can produce biosensors. These could be implanted in humans or animals to monitor health and to deliver corrective doses of drugs,\" he told the participants a technology forum during the exhibition. \n\n\"Nano-technology could affect the production of nearly every man-made object, from automobiles, tires and computer circuits , to advanced medicines and tissue replacement, and lead to the invention of objects yet to be imagined,\" said David Minns, a special advisor to the National Research Council of Canada. \n\nIt has been shown that carbon nano-tubes are ten times as strong as steel, with one sixth of the weight, and nano-scale systems have the potential to make supersonic transport cost- effective and to increase computer efficiency by millions of times, he said. \n\nThe experts agreed that the APEC technology exhibition and trade fair provided many chances for exchanges of innovative ideas and products.", "question": "What can they be combined with?", "context": "Enzymes can be combined with Silicon Chips. Silicon Chips can be combined with Enzymes.", "based_on_pattern": "(Enzymes)-[can be combined with]->(Silicon Chips) || (Silicon Chips)-[can be combined with]->(Enzymes)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0237", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "When did he leave the band?", "context": "Bill Wyman left the band in 1993. Mick Taylor left the band in 1974.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bill Wyman)-[left band in]->(1993) || (Mick Taylor)-[left band in]->(1974)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0238", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"L.A. Law\" had buzz right from the moment it premiered in 1986. \n\nCo-created by Steven Bochco, hot off his success with \"Hill Street Blues,\" the series was set at the high-priced Los Angeles law firm of McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak. \n\nThe cast was glossy and diverse, including Jimmy Smits, Blair Underwood, Jill Eikenberry, Michael Tucker, Susan Dey, Richard Dysart, Alan Rachins and Corbin Bernsen. \n\nMost of all, it pushed the boundaries of the legal show the way \"Hill Street\" did with cop shows. \n\n\"L.A. Law's\" principals argued cases involving rape, capital punishment, big business, child molestation, AIDS and medical malpractice at a time when such subjects were seldom mentioned on prime-time television, and certainly not in such detail. This was no \"Perry Mason,\" or even \"The Defenders.\" \n\nBochco being Bochco, the hard stuff was paired with moments of silly humor and steamy sex (or silly sex and steamy humor), making for a high-wire balance of drama and comedy. \n\nOne first-season episode got people talking about a fictional sex act called the \"Venus Butterfly\"; later, the show actually killed off a character by dropping her down an elevator shaft. \n\nThe big hair and big-shouldered suits of the '80s may be gone, but the show remains influential. David E. Kelley, a real-life lawyer who later created \"Picket Fences,\" \"The Practice\" and \"Ally McBeal,\" got his television start as a writer on \"L.A. Law.\" \n\nThe show's first season is finally out on DVD, with the second expected to follow in a few months. CNN spoke to Smits, now a star of \"Sons of Anarchy\" who played idealistic Hispanic attorney Victor Sifuentes, and Alan Rachins, who played bottom-line-oriented partner Douglas Brackman Jr. and later starred on \"Dharma and Greg,\" about the show and its impact. ", "question": "At which fictional law firm is the television series L.A. Law set?", "context": "The television series L.A. Law is set at the law firm Mckenzie, Brackman, Chaney And Kuzak.", "based_on_pattern": "(L.A. Law)-[SET_AT]->(Mckenzie, Brackman, Chaney And Kuzak)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0239", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Coconut Greek High School is located in Florida. Kalamazoo is located in Michigan. Columbus is located in Ohio.", "based_on_pattern": "(Coconut Greek High School)-[located in]->(Florida) || (Kalamazoo)-[located in]->(Michigan) || (Columbus)-[located in]->(Ohio)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0240", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3:-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad; neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To new comers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the translation of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . \"Everyone should just relax\", say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing, has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mails, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than their parents.\" Linguist James says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents. They too will think this way. James argues that languages do not and cannot become corrupted. They simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, aged 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun. \"", "question": "For what reason do languages evolve or change?", "context": "Languages change to meet new needs.", "based_on_pattern": "(Languages)-[CHANGE_TO_MEET]->(New Needs)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0241", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What official title does David Laird hold at the Minnesota Private College Council?", "context": "David Laird is the President of the Minnesota Private College Council.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Laird)-[PRESIDENT_OF]->(Minnesota Private College Council)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0242", "coqa_story": "Soccer star David Beckham will be there with his pop star wife Victoria. Elton John is attending with partner David Furnish. \n\nThe guest list for the April 29 union of Prince William and Kate Middleton is still being kept secret, but details have begun to leak out, with some coming forward to say they are attending and the Mail on Sunday newspaper claiming to have the official invitation roster . \n\nThe palace dismissed the newspaper's list as speculation Sunday. \n\nIt won't be clear until the day how the royal couple has balanced the protocol demands that they invite statesmen, diplomats, religious leaders, politicians and the like with invitations to the people they really want to see, particularly the crowd they made friends with when they met and fell in love at St. Andrews University in Scotland. \n\nKate Reardon, editor of high-society magazine Tatler, said many _ Britons acted as if they didn't really care about receiving an invitation while secretly checking the mail every day to see if the invitation had arrived. \n\n\"Everyone's been hoping,\" she said. \n\nWilliam and Middleton have showed their modern side by inviting a number of close friends, including some former sweethearts, the newspaper said. \n\nThe wedding is not technically a state event, which somewhat limits the protocol requirements applied to the guest list. But royal obligations still order that a large number of the 1,900 or so seats go to guests from the world of politics, not actual friends of the couple. \n\nThe couple have also invited many guests from the charities they work with, and Middleton has used her influence to invite the butcher, shopkeeper and pub owner from her home village of Bucklebury. \n\nPresident Barack Obama and his wife Michelle were not invited and many other international leaders are also expected to be watching on TV, not from a seat at Westminster Abbey. \n\nIt is not clear if treasured Brits from the world of stage and screen and pop music will be on the list.", "question": "Who is his spouse?", "context": "David Beckham has spouse Victoria. Barack Obama has spouse Michelle.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Beckham)-[has spouse]->(Victoria) || (Barack Obama)-[has spouse]->(Michelle)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0243", "coqa_story": "Gone with the Wind is a novel written by Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. It was popular with American readers from the onset and was the top American fiction bestseller in the year it was published and in 1937 on the row. As of 2014, a Harris poll found it to be the second favorite book of American readers, just behind the Bible. More than 30 million copies have been printed worldwide. The sales of Margaret Mitchell's novel in the summer of 1936, at the virtually unprecedented price of three dollars, reached about one million by the end of December. Because it was released in the era of the Great Depression and Mitchell worried the high $3.00 price would ruin its chance for success. Actually the book was a bestseller by the time reviews began to appear in national magazines. \n\nHerschel Brickell, a critic for the New York Evening Post, praised Mitchell for the way she \"tosses out the window all the thousands of technical tricks our novelists have been playing with for the past twenty years.\" \n\nOne criticism by literary scholar Patricia Yaeger, leveled at Gone with the Wind, is for its portrayal of African Americans in the 19th century South. Former field hands during the early days of Reconstruction are described behaving \"as creatures of small intelligence might naturally be expected to do. Like monkeys or small children turned loose among treasured objects whose value is beyond their comprehension, they ran wild~either from wrong pleasure in destruction or simply because of their ignorance.\" In Gone with the Wind Mitchell is blind to racial oppression and 'the inseparability of race and gender\" that defines the southern belle character of Scarlett, according to Patricia Yaeger. \n\nYet there are complexities in the way that Mitchell dealt with racial issues. Scarlett was asked by a Yankee woman for advice on who to appoint as a nurse for her children; Scarlett suggested a \"darky\", much to the disgust of the Yankee woman who was seeking an Irish maid, a \"Bridget\". African Americans and Irish Americans are treated \"in precisely the same way\" in Gone with the Wind, writes David O'Connell in his 1996 book, The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchells Gone with the Wind. Ethnic slurs on the Irish and Irish stereotypes spread in every part of the novel, O'Connell claims, and Scarlett is not an exception to the insults. And apparently in the novel, the Irish American O'Haras were slaveholders whereas African Americans were held as slaves. \n\nSpeaking on the subject of whether Gone with the Wind should be taught in schools, James Loewen, author of Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, says the novel should be taught in schools. Students should be told that Gone with the Wind presents the wrong view of slavery, Loewen states. Besides, the main complaint was that the racial slur \"nigger\" appears repeatedly in the novel. In the same complaint were several other books: The Nigger of the 'Narcissus', Uncle Tom's Cabin, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. \n\nAnother criticism of the novel is that it promotes plantation values. Mitchell biographer Marianne Walker, author of Margaret Mitchell & John Marsh: The Love Story Behind Gone with the Wind, is of the opinion that those who believe Gone with the Wind promotes plantation values have not read the book. Walker states it is the popular 1939 film that \"promotes a false notion of the Old South\". She goes on to add that Mitchell had no involvement in the production of the film. Perhaps the most enduring legacy of Gone with the Wind is that people worldwide would incorrectly think it was the true story of the Old South and how it was changed by the American Civil War and Reconstruction. The film version of the novel \"amplified this effect\". Scholars of the period have written in recent years about the negative effects the novel has had on race relations.", "question": "He is the author of which book?", "context": "David O'Connell is the author of The Irish Roots Of Margaret Mitchells Gone With The Wind. James Loewen is the author of Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. Marianne Walker is the author of Margaret Mitchell & John Marsh: The Love Story Behind Gone With The Wind.", "based_on_pattern": "(David O'Connell)-[author of]->(The Irish Roots Of Margaret Mitchells Gone With The Wind) || (James Loewen)-[author of]->(Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong) || (Marianne Walker)-[author of]->(Margaret Mitchell & John Marsh: The Love Story Behind Gone With The Wind)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0244", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "Where do they work?", "context": "Sandy Baum works at Skidmore College. Monica Inzer works at Hamilton College. David Laird works at Minnesota Private College Council. Scott Friedhoff works at Allegheny College. Tom Lancaster works at Emory University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sandy Baum)-[works at]->(Skidmore College) || (Monica Inzer)-[works at]->(Hamilton College) || (David Laird)-[works at]->(Minnesota Private College Council) || (Scott Friedhoff)-[works at]->(Allegheny College) || (Tom Lancaster)-[works at]->(Emory University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0245", "coqa_story": "A couple who held hands at breakfast every morning even after 70 years of marriage have died 15 hours apart. Helen Felumlee, died at 92 on April 12. Her husband, 91-year-old Kenneth Felumlee, died the next morning. \n\nThe couple's eight children say the two had been inseparable since meeting as teenagers, once sharing the bottom of a bunk bed on a ferry rather than sleeping on night apart. \n\nThey remained deeply in love until the very end, even eating breakfast together while holding hands, said their daughter, Linda Cody. \"We knew when one went, the other was going to go,\" she said. According to Cody, about 12 hours after Helen died, Kenneth looked at his children and said, \"Mon's dead.\" He quickly began to fade, surrounded by 24 of his closest family members and friends when he died the next morning. \"He was ready,\" Cody said, \"He just didn't want to leave her here by herself.\" \n\nSon Dick said his parents died of old age, surrounded by family. \n\nThe pair had known each other for several years when they eloped in Newport across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, on Feb. 20, 1994. At two days shy of his 21stbirthday, Kenneth-who went by Kenny-was too young to marry in Ohio. \"He couldn't wait.' son Jim said. \n\nKenneth worked as a railroad car inspector and mechanic before becoming a mail carrier for the Post Office. He was active in the church as a Sunday teacher. \n\nHelen stayed at home, not only cooking and cleaning for her own family but also for other families in need in the area. She taught Sunday school, too, but was known more for her greeting card ministry, sending cards for birthdays, sympathy and the holidays to everyone in her community, each with a personal note inside. \"She kept Hallmark in business,\" daughter-in-law Debbie joked. \n\nWhen Kenneth retired in 1983 and the children began to leave the house, the Felumlees began to explore their love of travel, visiting almost all 50 states by bus. \"He didn't want to fly anywhere because you couldn't see anything as you were going,\" Jim said. \n\nAlthough both experienced declining health in recent years, Cody said, each tried to stay strong for the other. \"That's what kept them going,\" she said.", "question": "At what age did they die?", "context": "Helen Felumlee died at 92. Kenneth Felumlee died at 91.", "based_on_pattern": "(Helen Felumlee)-[died at]->(92) || (Kenneth Felumlee)-[died at]->(91)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0246", "coqa_story": "Matt Haimovitz is 42 and a renowned cellist in the world. He rushed into the classical music scene at the age of 12 after Itzhak Perlman, the famed violinist, heard him play. But nothing in his family history explains where Haimovitz got his extraordinary talent. And that's typical, Ellen Winner, a professor says. \"People are fascinated by these children because they don't understand where their talent came from. You will see parents who say, 'I wasn't like this, and my husband wasn't like this.' It seems to sometimes just come out of the blue,\" Winner says. It's not clear whether a prodigy's brain is any different from the brains of other children, in part because there have been no study comparing the brains of prodigies to those of average people. \"But I believe that anything that shows up so early, without training, has got to be either a genetic or some other biological basis,\" Winner says. \"If a child suddenly at the age of 3 goes to the piano and picks out a tune and does it beautifully, that has to be because that child has a different brain.\" Children who are extremely gifted tend to be socially different, too, Winner says. \"They feel like they can't find other kids like themselves, so they feel strange, maybe even like a freak, and feel like they don't have anybody to connect with. On the other hand, they also long to connect with other kids, and they can't find other kids like themselves.\" As Haimovitz got older, he became frustrated. He wanted to play other kinds of music but felt constricted by the image and the expectations of the boy prodigy who played classical music and filled concert halls. \"When you start that early, you suddenly start to grow up in public, and I wanted to experiment,\" Haimovitz says. So he took his cello into punk rock clubs and coffee houses. He played Bach, Haydn and Hendrix. \"My teacher was Leonard Rose, and we never played any 20th-century music. He didn't like it. But once I was exposed to James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix, Miles Dewey Davis El and others, I couldn't really turn back. I wanted to know more,\" he says.", "question": "What is their profession?", "context": "Matt Haimovitz is a Cellist. Itzhak Perlman is a Violinist. Ellen Winner is a Professor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Matt Haimovitz)-[is a]->(Cellist) || (Itzhak Perlman)-[is a]->(Violinist) || (Ellen Winner)-[is a]->(Professor)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0247", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XII \n\nVivian read the note over a thousand times. He could not retire to rest. He called Essper George, and gave him all necessary directions for the morning. About three o'clock Vivian lay down on a sofa, and slept for a few hours. He started often in his short and feverish slumber. His dreams were unceasing and inexplicable. At first von Sohnspeer was their natural hero; but soon the scene shifted. Vivian was at Ems, walking under the well-remembered lime-trees, and with the Baroness. Suddenly, although it was mid-day, the Sun became large, blood-red, and fell out of the heavens; his companion screamed, a man rushed forward with a drawn sword. It was the idiot Crown Prince of Reisenburg. Vivian tried to oppose him, but without success. The infuriated ruffian sheathed his weapon in the heart of the Baroness. Vivian shrieked, and fell upon her body, and, to his horror, found himself embracing the cold corpse of Violet Fane! \n\nVivian and Essper mounted their horses about seven o'clock. At eight they had reached a small inn near the Forest Councillor's house, where Vivian was to remain until Essper had watched the entrance of the Minister. It was a few minutes past nine when Essper returned with the joyful intelligence that Owlface and his master had been seen to enter the Courtyard. Vivian immediately mounted Max, and telling Essper to keep a sharp watch, he set spurs to his horse. \n\n\"Now, Max, my good steed, each minute is golden; serve thy master well!\" He patted the horse's neck, the animal's erected ears proved how well it understood its master's wishes; and taking advantage of the loose bridle, which was confidently allowed it, the horse sprang rather than galloped to the Minister's residence. Nearly an hour, however, was lost in gaining the private road, for Vivian, after the caution in the Baroness's letter, did not dare the high road. ", "question": "What establishment is located near the Forest Councillor's House?", "context": "The Small Inn is located near the Forest Councillor's House.", "based_on_pattern": "(Small Inn)-[NEAR]->(Forest Councillor'S House)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0248", "coqa_story": "As a young boy, I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mill carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: There were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did. \n\nIn the spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when 1 was a boy it was such a fun to stick your finger 'through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers. \n\nOn Dad' s final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailbox to thank him for his friendship and his years of service. \"Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route.\" he used to say, \"and a story at every one. \" One lady had no mailbox, so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. Once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills. \n\nMailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. One note left in a mailbox read. \"Nat, take these eggs to Marian; she's baking a cake and doesn't have any eggs. \" Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the groom:. bat the mail was always delivered On cold days Dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. A young wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few button on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came to 8 32,000. \n\nA dozen years ago, when I traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad's death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. I thought I knew them all, but that wasn't the case. \n\nAs I drove home, I noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. When my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. One box was painted green and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: SANTA CLAUS, NORTH POLE. For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes. \n\nI made a turn at the comer and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. Mom and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps. There, at the door, stood Frank Townsend, Dad's postmaster and great friend for many years. So we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories. \n\nAt one point Frank looked at me with tears in his eyes. \" What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?\" he asked. \n\n\"The letters?\" \n\n'I guess you never knew. \" \n\n\"Knew what?\" \n\n\" Remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and red boxes on Main Street? It was your dad who answered all those letters every year. \" \n\nI just sat there with tears in my eyes. It wasn't hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one. I have since spoken with several of the people who received Christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families. \n\nFor me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.", "question": "What did Dad deliver to Marian?", "context": "Dad delivered eggs to Marian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dad)-[DELIVERED_EGGS_TO]->(Marian)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0249", "coqa_story": "Roman Britain ( or, later, \"\", \"the Britains\") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410\u00c2\u00a0AD. \n\nJulius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54\u00c2\u00a0BC as part of his Gallic Wars. The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25\u00c2\u00a0BC. In 40\u00c2\u00a0AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells. Three years later, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain (). By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward. \n\nUnder the 2nd century emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, two walls were built to defend the Roman province from the Caledonians, whose realms in the Scottish Highlands were never directly controlled. Around 197, the Severan Reforms divided Britain into two provinces: Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior. During the Diocletian Reforms, at the end of the 3rd century, Britannia was divided into four provinces under the direction of a vicarius, who administered the . A fifth province, Valentia, is attested in the later 4th century. For much of the later period of the Roman occupation, Britannia was subject to barbarian invasions and often came under the control of imperial usurpers and imperial pretenders. The final Roman withdrawal from Britain occurred around 410; the native kingdoms are considered to have formed Sub-Roman Britain after that.", "question": "Where were they located?", "context": "The Caledonians were located in the Scottish Highlands. Roman Britain was located in Great Britain.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caledonians)-[located in]->(Scottish Highlands) || (Roman Britain)-[located in]->(Great Britain)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0250", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "Who do they develop a friendship with?", "context": "Max Black develops friendship with Caroline Channing. Caroline Channing develops friendship with Max Black. King Arthur develops friendship with Merlin. Merlin develops friendship with King Arthur.", "based_on_pattern": "(Max Black)-[develops friendship with]->(Caroline Channing) || (Caroline Channing)-[develops friendship with]->(Max Black) || (King Arthur)-[develops friendship with]->(Merlin) || (Merlin)-[develops friendship with]->(King Arthur)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0251", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "What meaning does it have?", "context": "Vernaculus has the meaning Native. Vernus has the meaning Male Slave. Verna has the meaning Female Slave. Vocabula Vernacula has the meaning Vocabulary Of The National Language.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vernaculus)-[has meaning]->(Native) || (Vernus)-[has meaning]->(Male Slave) || (Verna)-[has meaning]->(Female Slave) || (Vocabula Vernacula)-[has meaning]->(Vocabulary Of The National Language)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0252", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"L.A. Law\" had buzz right from the moment it premiered in 1986. \n\nCo-created by Steven Bochco, hot off his success with \"Hill Street Blues,\" the series was set at the high-priced Los Angeles law firm of McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak. \n\nThe cast was glossy and diverse, including Jimmy Smits, Blair Underwood, Jill Eikenberry, Michael Tucker, Susan Dey, Richard Dysart, Alan Rachins and Corbin Bernsen. \n\nMost of all, it pushed the boundaries of the legal show the way \"Hill Street\" did with cop shows. \n\n\"L.A. Law's\" principals argued cases involving rape, capital punishment, big business, child molestation, AIDS and medical malpractice at a time when such subjects were seldom mentioned on prime-time television, and certainly not in such detail. This was no \"Perry Mason,\" or even \"The Defenders.\" \n\nBochco being Bochco, the hard stuff was paired with moments of silly humor and steamy sex (or silly sex and steamy humor), making for a high-wire balance of drama and comedy. \n\nOne first-season episode got people talking about a fictional sex act called the \"Venus Butterfly\"; later, the show actually killed off a character by dropping her down an elevator shaft. \n\nThe big hair and big-shouldered suits of the '80s may be gone, but the show remains influential. David E. Kelley, a real-life lawyer who later created \"Picket Fences,\" \"The Practice\" and \"Ally McBeal,\" got his television start as a writer on \"L.A. Law.\" \n\nThe show's first season is finally out on DVD, with the second expected to follow in a few months. CNN spoke to Smits, now a star of \"Sons of Anarchy\" who played idealistic Hispanic attorney Victor Sifuentes, and Alan Rachins, who played bottom-line-oriented partner Douglas Brackman Jr. and later starred on \"Dharma and Greg,\" about the show and its impact. ", "question": "What genre is it?", "context": "L.A. Law is a Legal Show. Hill Street Blues is a Cop Show.", "based_on_pattern": "(L.A. Law)-[is genre]->(Legal Show) || (Hill Street Blues)-[is genre]->(Cop Show)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0253", "coqa_story": "A university graduate described as a \"respectable and intelligent\" woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of (......)shoplifting for the second time in six months. \n\nAna Luz, recently studying for her Phd, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops . \n\nLuz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road ,Cambridge ,admitted stealing clothes worth PS9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street ,London ,on March 9. \n\nPhillip Lemoyne ,prosecuting ,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies' toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected ,having taken off the anti-theft security alarms . \n\nShe was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying , Mr. Lemoyne said. \n\nHe added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions. \n\nLuz,28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October ,but Morag Duff, defending ,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that . \n\n\"She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn't really have any explanation why she did this ,\" Miss Duff said . \"She didn't intend to steal when she went into the store . _ She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.\" \n\nJudge David Azan fined Luz PS 50, and warned : \"You've got a criminal record .If you carry on like this ,you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have.\" \n\nLuz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain ,went on to a famous university in Berlin , Germany for her master's degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University ,UK.", "question": "What crime was Ana Luz convicted of?", "context": "Ana Luz was convicted of shoplifting.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ana Luz)-[CONVICTED_OF]->(Shoplifting)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0254", "coqa_story": "(EW.com ) -- Back in 1977, Ron Howard made his directorial debut with a low-budget, high-octane car-crash comedy called \"Grand Theft Auto.\" \n\nAs first impressions go, it did not signal the second coming of Orson Welles. But the freckle-faced former \"Happy Days\" star radiated an infectious delight in smashing as many roaring muscle cars as he could get away with. \n\nSince then, of course, Howard has become one of Hollywood's most consistent and respected filmmakers, crafting well-made crowd-pleasers that tackle more highbrow subjects. But judging from his white-knuckle new film, \"Rush,\" he hasn't outgrown his youthful sweet tooth for four-wheeled mayhem. He still has hot rods and the death-defying men who drive them on his mind. \n\nBased on the real-life rivalry between Formula One racing legends James Hunt and Niki Lauda, \"Rush\" is a tale of two opposite personalities eyeing the same checkered-flag goal: winning the 1976 world championship. Chris Hemsworth draws the flashier role in Hunt, a fast-burning British bad boy with flowing blond locks, silk shirts unbuttoned to his navel, and a rakish playboy swagger. \n\nOn and off the track, he's wild, cocky, and undisciplined \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a deadly combination when you're strapped into a coffin on wheels going 170 miles an hour. ''The closer you are to death, the more alive you feel,'' Hemsworth's Hunt says. And it's thanks to the \"Thor\" star's champagne-spraying charisma that he makes risking your neck look like the coolest job on the planet. \n\nAs Lauda, \"Inglourious Basterds'\" Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl buries his boyish good looks behind ratlike prosthetic teeth. With his clipped Austrian accent, everything that comes out of his mouth sounds like a brusque insult. And it usually is. He may not be a particularly likable fellow, but he's a methodical grinder with the unshakable conviction of someone who's calculated the odds on what it takes to win. Pitted against each other, they're like Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. It's not just about beating the other guy, it's about humiliating him in the process. ", "question": "Who was he compared to?", "context": "James Hunt was compared to Wile E. Coyote. Niki Lauda was compared to The Road Runner.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Hunt)-[compared to]->(Wile E. Coyote) || (Niki Lauda)-[compared to]->(The Road Runner)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0255", "coqa_story": "Authorities will continue to take a hard line on Internet-based rumors and punish those creating fake information, a senior official said on Thursday. \n\nAuthorities have removed more than 210,000 online posts and shut down 42 websites since mid-March in their latest crackdown on online rumors, said Liu Zhengrong, a senior official with the State Internet Information Office. \n\nFake information or rumors spread through the Internet, especially on micro blogs, have harmed social order and residents' daily lives, he said at a news briefing in Beijing. \n\nBefore the crackdown, six people who allegedly fabricated rumors about \"military vehicles entering Beijing\" had been detained and 16 websites closed for \n\nfake online information, according to police authorities. \n\n\"What we've done and will do is to make sure residents can know what they want to know, say what they think and supervise our management in a reliable and useful network environment,\" Liu said. \n\nLiu disagreed that the Internet can police itself against rumors, and told China Daily that some netizens can't distinguish truth from fiction, \"requiring government departments and website companies to take measures\". \n\nOn Monday, the Internet Society of China posted a proposal calling on Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors. \n\nIn response, three main Internet companies in the country - Sina, Baidu and Tencent - said they will target fake information with advanced technology and invest in manpower to supervise online information. \n\nZhao Zhiguo, deputy director of the Telecommunications Administration under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said stricter self-management of websites will help banish online rumors. \n\n\"Internet companies should take legal responsibility when operating their websites. They should not become a hotbed for rumors and provide opportunities for fake information,\" Zhao said, adding they will launch similar crackdowns to close illegal website companies and punish those responsible. \n\nCurrently, people who make or spread rumors related to terrorism and securities trading, or information affecting State security and companies' commercial reputations, will face criminal punishment. \n\nLiu Honghui, a Beijing lawyer specializing in online cases, said he welcomed the government's action to curb online rumors. \n\n\"Residents used online banks to shop or book flights, which needs a safe platform without fake information,\" he said. \n\nYu Guofu, another lawyer from Sheng Feng Law Firm, said the key to reducing rumors is netizens themselves. \n\n\"If micro-bloggers think twice before forwarding information, rumors will decrease.\"", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Yu Guofu works for Sheng Feng Law Firm. Liu Zhengrong works for the State Internet Information Office. Zhao Zhiguo works for the Telecommunications Administration.", "based_on_pattern": "(Yu Guofu)-[works for]->(Sheng Feng Law Firm) || (Liu Zhengrong)-[works for]->(State Internet Information Office) || (Zhao Zhiguo)-[works for]->(Telecommunications Administration)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0256", "coqa_story": "War Horseis a historical story by Michael Morpurgo. It is written for kids ages 8 to 12. Now just sit and get through the introduction to the plot. \n\nIn 1914, a young horse named Joey is sold to a farmer. The farmer' s son, Albert, is thrilled. He cares for Joey. When the family begins to feel the financial impact of war, Albert' s father secretly sells Joey to an army officer named Captain Nicholls. Albert begs the captain to let him join the army. Albert is too young, but Nicholls promises to take good care of Joey for him. \n\nNicholls treats Joey well. Though Joey still remembers Albert, he grows to like his new master. He develops a friendship with another horse, Topthorn., who belongs to Nicholls' friend, Captain Stewart. The horses and men are shipped overseas for battle. They soon face their own battle in France, and Captain Nicholls is killed. \n\nA young soldier named Warren becomes Joey's new owner. Joey and Topthorn do well in battle, but the Germans capture Warren and Stewart and their horses. The horses' duty of pulling carts full of wounded German soldiers earns them praise. An old farmer and his granddaughter, Emilie, _ the horses as well. When the German army moves out of the area, Emilie and her grandfather keep the two horses. Joey and Topthorn are content to work the farm until another band of soldiers takes them. They become workhorses under bad conditions. Joey is very upset when Topthorn dies of exhaustion. \n\nAlone and frightened, Joey wanders into \"no-man's-land\" between the German and English camps. An English soldier takes him back to camp. \n\nJoey is reunited with Albert. As the war ends, Albert' s officer announces the horses will be sold in France. An old Frenchman buys Joey. The man, Emilie' s grandfather, tells Albert how Emilie lost the will to live after the horses were taken. However, he eventually sells Joey to Albert for one penny, as long as Albert promises to share Emilie' s story so her life will not be in vain. Joey and Albert return home.", "question": "Who was he sold to?", "context": "Joey was sold to Captain Nicholls. Emilie'S Grandfather was sold to Albert.", "based_on_pattern": "(Joey)-[sold to]->(Captain Nicholls) || (Emilie'S Grandfather)-[sold to]->(Albert)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0257", "coqa_story": "To some, it's a dream job---eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But _ \n\nKaren Fernau, a food writer for The Arisona Republic, said when she first started her job -she began to gain weight. \"I always looked forward to lunch before this job, then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day. \" she says. Nine years later, keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle. If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four-course meal, she usually eats fruits or salads throughout the day. Now she is always keeping track of what's in the food she eats and she says most people don't even look at or consider it. At one tasting task alone, she says, upward of l,000 calories is often added to her day. That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. \n\nBut even though she's thought of a special eating method, Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle. And food editors, writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more. \"When I'm at home or not eating for work, it's healthy food to the extreme,\" says Phil Vettel, who's been a restaurant critic for the Chicago Tribune for 19 years. \n\nVettle, who eats dinner at four restaurants each week, says unlike most professions, he has no right to choose. \"If I'm going out to eat, I can't choose the healthiest thing on the menu, I have to eat when they're bringing me. \" While Vettel exercises when he can, Joe Yonan, a food editor at The Washington Post, has strengthened his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago. Yonan says he realized early on that he was gaining weight and immediately hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week, on top of his body training three to five times a week. \n\nStill, it's a struggle that many Americans might envy. After all, it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails or a delicate chocolate cookie and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.", "question": "Which publication employs the food editor Joe Yonan?", "context": "Joe Yonan works for The Washington Post.", "based_on_pattern": "(Joe Yonan)-[WORKS_FOR]->(The Washington Post)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0258", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Last Saturday, Sarah Palin stood before the huge crowd at the 2014 National Rifle Association annual meeting and condemned liberals for coddling terrorists. She loaded her speech with religious metaphors, claiming that true leaders would put \"the fear of God in our enemies.\" She said, \"They obviously have information on plots to carry out jihad. Oh, but you can't offend them, can't make them feel uncomfortable, not even a smidgen. Well, if I were in charge, they would know that waterboarding is how we baptize terrorists.\" \n\nPalin's invocation of forced baptism shocked both conservatives and liberals, inspiring few defenders. Christian commentators, in particular, focused on her link between torture and baptism. \n\nOn Wednesday, the National Religious Campaign against Torture released a powerful condemnation of the speech. To Palin, the organization's executive director wrote, \"Your statements play into a false narrative conveying that somehow, the conflict between the United States and the terrorist cells is a conflict between Christianity and Islam, or Islam and 'the West.' \" \n\nThe group's letter to the NRA, signed by 17 faith leaders from many different religions and denominations, reads, \"For Christians, baptism is a profoundly holy act. It is in stark contrast to the abhorrent act of waterboarding. Equating baptism to an act of torture like waterboarding is sacrilegious -- and particularly surprising coming from a person who prides herself on her Christian faith.\" \n\nBut it's not actually all that surprising. Palin's public rhetoric relies on crafting existential binaries between \"us\" and \"them,\" creating a kind of sacred empowered victimhood among her listeners. She draws from the language of militant Christianity to claim the status of both persecutor and persecuted. This is not an accident, and I do not believe she will repudiate her remarks. ", "question": "What are they in conflict with?", "context": "United States is in conflict with Terrorists. Christianity is in conflict with Islam.", "based_on_pattern": "(United States)-[in conflict with]->(Terrorists) || (Christianity)-[in conflict with]->(Islam)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0259", "coqa_story": "The discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.[: \n\nA Chinese-US research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in south China's Cuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2001. \n\nThe six fossils unearthed in Jinyin Cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an influential US journal. \n\nJin Changzhu, of the chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and lead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than today's pandas. \n\nResearchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked ,and then gradually became smaller. \n\nJin, a paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology attached to the CAS, said the size _ was a basic rule of evolution. \n\n\"A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,\" he said. \n\nThe dental remains of the skull, which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to today's pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch mountains of bamboo. A panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day. \n\nPaleoanthropologist Russell Ciochon, the US co-author at the University of lowa, said the panda's focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years. \n\n\"Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,\" he said. \"As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators due to their larger body size.\"", "question": "Who is he affiliated with?", "context": "Jin Changzhu is affiliated with the Chinese Academy Of Sciences. Russell Ciochon is affiliated with the University Of Iowa.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jin Changzhu)-[affiliated with]->(Chinese Academy Of Sciences) || (Russell Ciochon)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Iowa)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0260", "coqa_story": "Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. \"I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.\" So he took a \"gap year\", from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania. \n\n\"Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,\" said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. \"In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,\" she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the potential American market for gap years as a \"sleeping giant.\" \n\n\"A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.\" said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine \"assured the reasons I went into health care,\" said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. \"I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,\" he added. \"And I listen better than I did before.\" \n\nGeorge Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.", "question": "Which industry does Dennis Sinar work in?", "context": "Dennis Sinar works in the Health Care industry.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dennis Sinar)-[WORKS_IN]->(Health Care)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0261", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER TWO. \n\nSTRONG EMOTIONS ARE SUCCEEDED BY SUPPER, AND FOLLOWED BY DISCUSSIONS ON DISCOVERY, WHICH END IN A WILD ALARM! \n\nWhen Karlsefin had been introduced to Leif Ericsson, the former turned round and presented to him and Biarne his friend Thorward, the captain of the other ship. Thorward was not a tall man, but was very broad and stout, and had a firm yet pleasing cast of countenance. Both Thorward and Karlsefin were men of about thirty-five years of age. \n\n\"Are you not on viking-cruise?\" asked Leif as they walked up to the house together, while the male members of his household and the men of the settlement assisted the crews to moor the ships. \n\n\"No; my friend Thorward and I are not men of war. We prefer the peaceful occupation of the merchant, and, to say truth, it is not unprofitable.\" \n\n\"I would that more were of your way of thinking,\" said Leif. \"I do not love the bloody game of war, and glad am I that we have got into a quiet corner here in Greenland, where there is small occasion for it. Biarne, too, is of our way of thinking, as no doubt you already know.\" \n\n\"He has often told me so, and, if I mistake not, has feathered his nest well by merchanting.\" \n\n\"He has,\" answered Biarne for himself, with a laugh. \n\nWhile they thus advanced, talking, little Olaf had kept walking in front of the tall stranger, looking up into his face with unbounded admiration. He had never before seen any man so magnificent. His father and Biarne, whom he had hitherto regarded as perfect specimens of mankind, were quite eclipsed. Looking backward and walking forward is an unsafe process at any time. So Olaf found it on the present occasion, for he tripped over a stone and in falling hit his little nose with such violence that it soon became a big nose, and bled profusely. ", "question": "What is the relationship between Olaf and Leif Ericsson?", "context": "Olaf is the son of Leif Ericsson.", "based_on_pattern": "(Olaf)-[SON_OF]->(Leif Ericsson)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0262", "coqa_story": "ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO. Established in 1967 as Greenwood Press, Inc. and based in Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Publishing Group publishes reference works under its Greenwood Press imprint, and scholarly, professional, and general interest books under its related imprint, Praeger Publishers. Also part of GPG is Libraries Unlimited, which publishes professional works for librarians and teachers. \n\nThe company was founded as Greenwood Press, Inc. in 1967 by Harold Mason, a librarian and antiquarian bookseller, and Harold Schwartz who had a background in trade publishing. The company initially focused on reprinting out-of-print works, particularly titles listed in the American Library Association's first edition of \"Books for College Libraries\" (1967), under the Greenwood Press imprint, and out-of-print periodicals published as \"American Radical Periodicals\" under the Greenwood Reprint imprint. In 1969 the company was sold to Williamhouse-Regency, a company then on the American Stock Exchange, which led to further expanding its reprint activities as well as starting a microform publishing imprint, Greenwood Microforms. \n\nBy 1970 a small scholarly monograph program was established and Robert Hagelstein, formerly with the Johnson Reprint Corporation, a division of Academic Press, was hired as Vice President. In 1973, Mason and Schwartz left the company, and Hagelstein was named President, a position he would hold until his retirement at the end of 1999. During those twenty-seven years, the press wound down its reprint activities diverting its focus to new scholarly, reference, and professional books. This large-scale redirection of the company resulted in the publication of more than 10,000 titles during those years.", "question": "On which stock exchange is Williamhouse-Regency listed?", "context": "Williamhouse-Regency is listed on the American Stock Exchange.", "based_on_pattern": "(Williamhouse-Regency)-[LISTED_ON]->(American Stock Exchange)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0263", "coqa_story": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties. The region is traditionally described as \"eight counties\", based on demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura. The more extensive 10-county definition, including Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is also used based on historical political divisions. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States. \n\nThe 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana. \n\nSouthern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard\u00e2\u20ac\u201cThousand Oaks\u00e2\u20ac\u201cVentura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.", "question": "What percentage of California's total population lives in Southern California?", "context": "Southern California contains 60 percent of California's total population.", "based_on_pattern": "(Southern California)-[HAS_POPULATION_PERCENTAGE_OF]->(60 Percent)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0264", "coqa_story": "The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. \n\nSeeking to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the \"Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie\" (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Smith (1824\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the \"Cornhill Magazine\", owned by Smith, to become editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus on subjects from the UK and its present and former colonies only. An early working title was the \"Biographia Britannica\", the name of an earlier eighteenth-century reference work. \n\nThe first volume of the \"Dictionary of National Biography\" appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor. A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the \"DNB\" also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63. The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given below.", "question": "What was the working title for the Dictionary Of National Biography?", "context": "The working title for the Dictionary Of National Biography was Biographia Britannica.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dictionary Of National Biography)-[HAD_WORKING_TITLE]->(Biographia Britannica)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0265", "coqa_story": "Istanbul (CNN) -- A Turkish prosecutor has openly accused police of interfering with a high-level corruption investigation. \n\n\"Court orders have not been carried out and there has been open pressure on the judicial process from both the chief prosecutor's office and from the police force, which is supposed to carry out the decisions of the courts,\" Muammer Akkas said in a Thursday statement. \n\nHe spoke one day after three Cabinet ministers resigned their posts, after their sons were arrested or temporarily detained in an anti-graft sting, semiofficial news agency Anadolu reported. \n\nOne of them, Urbanization and Environment Minister Erdogan Bayraktar, went further than the other two, not just resigning his Cabinet position but also calling on Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan to step down. \n\nTurkish media reported a possible second wave of detentions as imminent late Wednesday, but the raids did not materialize. \n\nInstead, an apparent deadlock within the judiciary emerged as Akkas, the prosecutor, issued his statement saying the judiciary was under the heel of the government. \n\nAkkas accused police and prosecutors of ignoring a decision of the courts by refusing to carry out more raids. \n\nIn a televised statement, Chief Istanbul Prosecutor Turan Colakkadi fired back, saying that Akkas had mishandled the investigation and leaked information to the press, leading to his removal from the case. \n\nEconomy Minister Zafer Caglayan and Interior Minister Muammer Guler, whose sons were also arrested in the investigation, also resigned Wednesday. Erdogan accepted the resignations, Anadolu reported. \n\nThe sons were detained in a roundup that included the head of a public bank, several bureaucrats and high-profile businessmen. The roundup came after a two-year investigation by the Istanbul Prosecutor's Office into allegations of corruption including money laundering, gold smuggling and bribery. ", "question": "What action did he take?", "context": "Zafer Caglayan resigned. Erdogan Bayraktar resigned. Muammer Guler resigned.", "based_on_pattern": "(Zafer Caglayan)-[resigned]->(Zafer Caglayan) || (Erdogan Bayraktar)-[resigned]->(Erdogan Bayraktar) || (Muammer Guler)-[resigned]->(Muammer Guler)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0266", "coqa_story": "Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of the greatest British writers. February 7 marked the 200th anniversary of his birthday. Yet for many, his language is old-fashioned and his stories often improbable. So why do so many people know and read Dickens today? \n\nOne reason is the British government's insistence that every child studies a Dickens novel at school. Alongside William Shakespeare, Dickens is on every English literature school reading list. \n\nHis stories, though often long by today's standards, are great moral tales. They are filled with colorful characters. \n\nEarlier this month, a ceremony was held in Portsmouth, where Dickens was born. Prince Charles said at the ceremony, \"Dickens used his creative genius to campaign passionately for social justice... His characterization is as fresh today as on the day it was written.\" \n\nHis books stand out from many other writers because of his insight into human nature. Dickens, like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behavior. They are as true in the 21st century as they were to his readers in the 19th century. \n\nReaders have returned to Dickens' books again and again over the years to see what he has to say about their own times. \n\nNo surprise then that it was Dickens whom Britons turned to during the economic crisis in the last couple of years. Dickens helped them make sense of a world that was rapidly falling apart. The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama that introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time. A dark story about greed and money, it was the perfect illustration of bad times. \n\nAs long as Dickens's novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of Britain's best-loved writers.", "question": "What social cause did Charles Dickens advocate for during his lifetime?", "context": "Charles Dickens campaigned for social justice.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Dickens)-[CAMPAIGNED_FOR]->(Social Justice)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0267", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "What is the destination of the Space Transporter?", "context": "The destination of the Space Transporter is Mars.", "based_on_pattern": "(Space Transporter)-[HAS_DESTINATION]->(Mars)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0268", "coqa_story": "Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as \"the most powerful woman in America.\" She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country. \n\nKatharine Meyer was born in New York City in 1917. Her father was a successful investment banker and became an important financial official. Her family was very rich. Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working, Katharine was often lonely. Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in 1938. In 1933, her father bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful one of five newspapers in Washington. \n\nKatharine Graham returned to Washington and got a job editing letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter but soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper. Mr. Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mr. Graham treated his wife badly. He had an affair with a young reporter. For many years, Mr. Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in 1963. \n\nKatharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was only concerned about finding a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough. She did not think she had the ability to do an important job. She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to look after their homes and children. \n\nKatharine Graham met with officials of The Washington Post. She was elected president of The Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin C.Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mr. Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In 1969, Mrs. Graham became publisher as well as president of The Washington Post Company. In the 1970s, The Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes.", "question": "Who is the person they are the spouse of?", "context": "Katharine Meyer Graham is the spouse of Philip Graham. Philip Graham is the spouse of Katharine Meyer Graham.", "based_on_pattern": "(Katharine Meyer Graham)-[spouse of]->(Philip Graham) || (Philip Graham)-[spouse of]->(Katharine Meyer Graham)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0269", "coqa_story": "Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels , including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, \"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.\" \n\nThe effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. \"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,\" says Margaret. \n\nOlder people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants , exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. \n\nFor most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.", "question": "According to the provided information, how does exercise impact blood vessels?", "context": "Exercise strengthens blood vessels.", "based_on_pattern": "(Exercise)-[STRENGTHENS]->(Blood Vessels)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0270", "coqa_story": "The revolution was over by the time Tom Ford started working in the fashion world. The expensive fashion design houses such as Channel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Christian Dior, which earned money by designing and making very expensive custom clothes, had lost many of their wealthy customers. To stay in business, they started selling more reasonably priced ready-to-wear clothing along with a wide range of accessories , that is, related products such as shoes, bags, watches. All of these products needed to blend with the clothing and with each other so that they made up a brand that everyone would recognize and wanted to buy. Though they did not use that name, each company needed a \"master designer.\" \n\nBorn in Texas and growing up in Santa Fe, New Mexico, Ford had a diverse background in the arts. Soon after completing high school, he moved to New York, where he studied art history, trained as an actor, and worked as a model. Following that, Ford completed a program in indoor design, but later decided that he was more interested in designing clothes than in decorating house. He was hired by the firm Cathy Hardwick in 1986, where he began to work as a fashion designer. His talent stood out from the rest and soon he moved to Perry Ellis, where he became design director. Then in 1990 he made an important move by taking a position with the New York branch of Gucci, the famous design house based in Milan, Italy. \n\nDuring his first years at Gucci, the company was going through a very difficult period. Its products were once considered highly desirable, and were worn by famous women such as Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and Jacqueline Kennedy. However, by the early 1990s they had lost their reputation for quality. Other producers had started making cheap, widely available imitations of the brand, and the sales of Gucci's own products had dropped. Things were so bad at one point that Ford was almost fired. However, some people at the company believed in his talent, and in 1994 they hired him to work in Milan as the creative director for the entire company. In this position Ford had artistic control over all of the company's products, as well as its advertising and the design of its stores. Under Ford's direction, Gucci's reputation for cutting-edge style soon returned, and the company began to recover. The style shows starting in 1994 were wildly successful. People loved the low-cut velvet pants, unbuttoned silk shirts, and shiny boots in metallic color1s. By 1999 Gucci, which had almost gone out of business, was worth over $4 billion. \n\nWhen Gucci bought Yves Saint Laurent , Ford became creative director for that fashion house while continuing to design for Gucci. When asked how he would be able to keep the two styles apart, Ford said it wasn't a problem and offered a comparison. Yves Saint Laurent was like Catherine Deneuve, he said while Gucci was more like Sophia Loren. Both are sexy and beautiful women, but with very different styles. \n\nFord left Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent in 2004 to form his own company called simply \"Tom Ford\". Not long after, he was working together with cosmetics producer Estee Lauder to bring out new beauty products, and then developed and sold a perfume under his own name. His plans for the future? Ford says that someday he'd definitely like to make a film. He puts it his way: \"That is the main design project. You don't just get to design what people wear, but you design the whole world and whether characters get to live or die. There is what fashion lacks.", "question": "Who is it compared to?", "context": "Yves Saint Laurent is compared to Catherine Deneuve. Gucci is compared to Sophia Loren.", "based_on_pattern": "(Yves Saint Laurent)-[compared to]->(Catherine Deneuve) || (Gucci)-[compared to]->(Sophia Loren)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0271", "coqa_story": "Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables, or in more recent systems, light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables. Analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation. \n\nA \"cable channel\" (sometimes known as a \"cable network\") is a television network available via cable television. When available through satellite television, including direct broadcast satellite providers such as DirecTV, Dish Network and BSkyB, as well as via IPTV providers such as Verizon FIOS and AT&T U-verse is referred to as a \"satellite channel\". Alternative terms include \"non-broadcast channel\" or \"programming service\", the latter being mainly used in legal contexts. Examples of cable/satellite channels/cable networks available in many countries are HBO, MTV, Cartoon Network, E!, Eurosport and CNN International. \n\nThe abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood for \"Community Access Television\" or \"Community Antenna Television\", from cable television's origins in 1948. In areas where over-the-air TV reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large \"community antennas\" were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. The origins of cable \"broadcasting\" for radio are even older as radio programming was distributed by cable in some European cities as far back as 1924.", "question": "In which locations was Radio Programming distributed by cable?", "context": "Radio Programming was distributed by cable in European Cities.", "based_on_pattern": "(Radio Programming)-[DISTRIBUTED_BY_CABLE_IN]->(European Cities)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0272", "coqa_story": "To some, it's a dream job---eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But _ \n\nKaren Fernau, a food writer for The Arisona Republic, said when she first started her job -she began to gain weight. \"I always looked forward to lunch before this job, then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day. \" she says. Nine years later, keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle. If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four-course meal, she usually eats fruits or salads throughout the day. Now she is always keeping track of what's in the food she eats and she says most people don't even look at or consider it. At one tasting task alone, she says, upward of l,000 calories is often added to her day. That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. \n\nBut even though she's thought of a special eating method, Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle. And food editors, writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more. \"When I'm at home or not eating for work, it's healthy food to the extreme,\" says Phil Vettel, who's been a restaurant critic for the Chicago Tribune for 19 years. \n\nVettle, who eats dinner at four restaurants each week, says unlike most professions, he has no right to choose. \"If I'm going out to eat, I can't choose the healthiest thing on the menu, I have to eat when they're bringing me. \" While Vettel exercises when he can, Joe Yonan, a food editor at The Washington Post, has strengthened his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago. Yonan says he realized early on that he was gaining weight and immediately hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week, on top of his body training three to five times a week. \n\nStill, it's a struggle that many Americans might envy. After all, it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails or a delicate chocolate cookie and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.", "question": "Who do they work for?", "context": "Karen Fernau works for The Arisona Republic. Phil Vettel works for Chicago Tribune. Joe Yonan works for The Washington Post.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karen Fernau)-[works for]->(The Arisona Republic) || (Phil Vettel)-[works for]->(Chicago Tribune) || (Joe Yonan)-[works for]->(The Washington Post)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0273", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Treasure hunter Christian Hanisch told CNN Thursday that the hunt for Nazi Gold and possibly the legendary Amber Room will end Friday after the two men leading the expedition had a disagreement. \n\nTreasure hunters began drilling again Tuesday to try to locate the lost Nazi gold. \n\nHeinz-Peter Haustein, the other treasure hunter, told Germany's Bild newspaper that geophysicists will now re-evaluate the situation and that digging may resume in two weeks. CNN has so far not been able to reach Haustein for confirmation. \n\n\"Haustein told me to get out of here immediately,\" an angry Hanisch told CNN in a telephone interview. \n\nHe said Haustein, who is also the mayor of the village Deutschneudorf, where the digging is taking place, told him he wanted to make the expedition more credible by calling in the scientists. See photos from hunt for lost Nazi gold \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"It can't get any more credible than now,\" said Hanisch, whose measurements had allegedly pinpointed the treasure. \n\nHe said the drilling taking place at the site never focused on the exact coordinates he had provided. \"They just always dug around there, but never at the exact location where I wanted them to dig,\" he said. \n\nThe two treasure hunters had said geological surveying had revealed an underground cave holding large amounts of precious metal. They said it could be a holding area dug by the Nazis who used it to stash valuables in World War II. \n\nHaustein said he also believes the legendary Amber Room, an interior made of gold and amber that the Nazis had looted from a palace in St. Petersburg, after Adolf Hitler's forces invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, was also hidden somewhere in the mountains around Deutschneudorf -- and that finding a stash of gold could give clues as to the whereabouts of the Amber Room. ", "question": "Who did he tell?", "context": "Christian Hanisch told Cnn. Heinz-Peter Haustein told Germany'S Bild Newspaper.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christian Hanisch)-[told]->(Cnn) || (Heinz-Peter Haustein)-[told]->(Germany'S Bild Newspaper)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0274", "coqa_story": "Will you want me to read a whole book in English? \n\nYes. Believe it or not, that may be easier than you think. Not all classics are so difficult or complicated. So you're not limited to the simplified versions. And the easier books are not all for children. \n\nIn the original versions ,books may send you to the dictionary. And you might not understand everything you read. But reading one from cover to cover will give you a real sense of accomplishment. \n\nThe key is to find the right books. Let's take a look at these. \n\nThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis) \n\nStepping into an old wardrobe, four English schoolchildren find themselves in the magical world of Narnia. On this delightful land, they find friends among the many talking creatures. \n\nThe children soon discover, however, that Narnia is ruled by the White Witch. Edmund, one of the children, falls under her power. Who can free Narnia? Only Aslan, the great and noble lion. He alone knows the Deeper Magic. But the children themselves must help fight the battle against the White Witch and those who serve her. \n\nThe Old Man and the Sea (Ernest Hemingway) \n\nSantiago, an old Cuban fisherman, hasn't caught any fish in more than 80 days. Sailing far out from land, the old man hooks an enormous fish. That begins an agonizing three-day battle. First he struggles against the great fish. Then he must fight off the sharks that circle the little boat and threaten to eat his fish. Exhausted and bleeding, the old man arrives back at shore. But his fish, his beautiful fish . . . \n\nHemingway won the Nobel Prize for this superb story of strength and courage, of victory and regret. \n\nA Wrinkle in Time (Madeleine Lingle) \n\nMeg's father, a U.S. government scientist, has been missing for many months. He had been experimenting with time travel when he mysteriously disappeared. \n\nNow Meg, her little brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin will try to rescue him. But first they must _ the forces of evil they encounter on their journey through time and space. Can they find Meg's father before it's too late? \n\nThis novel is more than just a science-fiction adventure. It's an exploration of the nature of our universe. \n\nThe Pearl (John Steinbeck) \n\nOne day Kino, a poor Mexican pearl diver, finds a magnificent pearl. With it he dreams of buying a better life, new clothes and schooling for his son. Instead, it brings only evil. His wife pleads with him to get rid of it. \"No,\" says Kino. \"I will have my chance. I am a man.\" But when he kills a man who is trying to steal the pearl, Kino and his wife must run for their lives. \n\nThis tale of dreams, justice and the power of greed is told simply and beautifully.", "question": "Under whose power does Edmund fall?", "context": "Edmund falls under the power of the White Witch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Edmund)-[FALLS_UNDER_POWER_OF]->(White Witch)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0275", "coqa_story": "The nickelodeon was the first type of indoor exhibition space dedicated to showing projected motion pictures. Usually set up in converted storefronts, these small, simple theaters charged five cents for admission and flourished from about 1905 to 1915. \n\n\"Nickelodeon\" was concocted from \"nickel\", the name of the U.S. five-cent coin, and the ancient Greek word \"odeion\", a roofed-over theater, the latter indirectly by way of the \"Od\u00c3\u00a9on\" in Paris, emblematic of a very large and luxurious theater much as \"Ritz\" was of a grand hotel. For unknown reasons, in 1949 the lyricist of a popular song, \"Music! Music! Music!\", incorporated the refrain \"Put another nickel in, in the nickelodeon\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6\", evidently referring to either a jukebox or a mechanical musical instrument such as a coin-operated player piano or orchestrion. The meaning of the word has been muddied ever since. In fact, when it was current in the early 20th century, it was used only to refer to a small five-cent theater and not to any coin-in-the-slot machine, including amusement arcade motion picture viewers such as the Kinetoscope and Mutoscope. \n\nThe earliest films had been shown in \"peep show\" machines or projected in vaudeville theaters as one of the otherwise live acts. Nickelodeons drastically altered film exhibition practices and the leisure-time habits of a large segment of the American public. Although they were characterized by continuous performances of a selection of short films, added attractions such as illustrated songs were sometimes an important feature. Regarded as disreputable and dangerous by some civic groups and municipal agencies, crude, ill-ventilated nickelodeons with hard wooden seats were outmoded as longer films became common and larger, more comfortably furnished motion picture theaters were built, a trend that culminated in the lavish \"movie palaces\" of the 1920s.", "question": "How much was the admission price for a Nickelodeon?", "context": "The admission price for a Nickelodeon was five cents.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nickelodeon)-[HAD_ADMISSION_PRICE]->(Five Cents)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0276", "coqa_story": "Smart Exercise \n\nDoctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and prefix = st1 /ScienceUniversity, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: \"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.\" \n\nThe effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. \"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,\" says Margaret. \n\nOlder people can beef uptheir brains as well.CornellUniversitystudied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. \n\nFor most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.", "question": "What is her profession?", "context": "Margaret Barnes is a Pediatrician. Judy Cameron is a Scientist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Barnes)-[is a]->(Pediatrician) || (Judy Cameron)-[is a]->(Scientist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0277", "coqa_story": "Once upon a time, there was a family with eighteen children in a small village not far from Nuremberg. Eighteen! In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children had a dream. They both wanted to pursue their talent for art. After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement. They would toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy. Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy. \n\nThey tossed a coin on a Sunday morning after church. Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, financed his brother, whose work at the academy was excellent. By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his works. \n\nWhen the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht's triumphant homecoming, where Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to fulfill his ambition. His closing words were, \"Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you.\" \n\nTears streaming down his pale face, shaking his lowered head from side to side, Albert sobbed, \"No... no... no...no. It is too late for me. Look...look at what four years in the mines has done to my hands! I have been suffering from arthritis so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush... For me, it is too late.\" \n\nTo show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother's abused hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward. He called his powerful drawing simply \"Hands\", but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it \"The Praying Hands\". \n\nThe next time you see a copy of that touching creation, take a second look. Let it be your reminder, if you still need one, that no one - no one - no one ever makes it alone!", "question": "Who was he the brother of?", "context": "Albrecht Durer was the brother of Albert. Albert was the brother of Albrecht Durer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Albrecht Durer)-[brother of]->(Albert) || (Albert)-[brother of]->(Albrecht Durer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0278", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IV \n\nTHE WAY INTO PRINT \n\nSam Cotting's General Store at Millville divided importance with Bob West's hardware store but was a more popular loafing place for the sparse population of the tiny town. The post office was located in one corner and the telephone booth in another, and this latter institution was regarded with much awe by the simple natives. Once in awhile some one would telephone over to the Junction on some trivial business, but the long-distance call was never employed except by the \"nabobs\"--the local name for John Merrick and his nieces--or by the manager of the new mill at Royal, who had extended the line to his own office in the heart of the pine forest. \n\nSo, when Uncle John and the girls entered Cotting's store and the little gentleman shut himself up in the telephone booth, a ripple of excitement spread throughout the neighborhood. Skim Clark, the youthful hope of the Widow Clark, who \"run the Emporium,\" happened to be in the store and he rushed out to spread the news that \"the nabob's talkin' to New Yoruk!\" \n\nThis information demanded immediate attention. Marshall McMahon McNutt, familiarly known as \"Peggy\" McNutt--because he had once lost a foot in a mowing machine--and who was alleged to be a real estate agent, horse doctor, fancy poultry breeder and palmist, and who also dabbled in the sale of subscription books, life insurance, liniment and watermelons, quickly slid off his front porch across the way and sauntered into Cotting's to participate in the excitement. Seth Davis, the blacksmith, dropped his tools and hurried to the store, and the druggist three doors away--a dapper gentleman known as Nib Corkins--hurriedly locked his door and attended the meeting. Presently the curious group was enlarged by the addition of Nick Thome the liveryman, Lon Taft, a carpenter and general man-of-all-work, and Silas Caldwell the miller, the latter a serious individual who had \"jest happened to come acrost from the mill in the nick o' time.\" ", "question": "What is the nickname for Marshall McMahon Mcnutt?", "context": "The nickname for Marshall McMahon Mcnutt is Peggy Mcnutt.", "based_on_pattern": "(Marshall Mcmahon Mcnutt)-[HAS_NICKNAME]->(Peggy Mcnutt)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0279", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The man accused of hacking celebrities' online accounts -- from which private images were ultimately posted on the Internet -- says he became \"addicted\" to the intrusion and \"didn't know how to stop.\" \n\n\"I deeply apologize. I know what I did was probably one of the worst invasions of privacy someone could experience,\" Christopher Chaney told CNN affiliate WAWS/WTEV in Jacksonville, Florida, Wednesday. \n\n\"And these people don't have privacy to begin with. And I was in that little sliver of privacy they do have.\" \n\nFederal authorities accuse the 35-year-old of hacking into accounts on computers and other devices belonging to more than 50 people, including movie stars Scarlett Johansson and Mila Kunis and singer Christina Aguilera. \n\nChaney was indicted on charges of accessing protected computers without authorization, damaging protected computers, wiretapping and aggravated identity theft, officials said. \n\n\"Unfortunately, Mr. Chaney was able to access nude photos of some of the celebrities and some of them were uploaded on the Internet,\" U.S. Attorney Andre Birotte Jr. said Wednesday. \n\nA recently circulated nude photo of Johannsson is part of the investigation, he said. \n\nChaney allegedly \"also took financial information, movie scripts and conversations that the celebrities believed to be private,\" Birotte told reporters. \n\nThe FBI's Los Angeles office said he was arrested as part of \"Operation Hackerazzi,\" which looked into computer intrusions targeting individuals associated with the entertainment industry. \n\nIn the interview with WAWS/WTEV, Chaney said the hacking \"started as curiosity and it turned into just being, you know, addicted to seeing the behind-the-scenes of what's going on with these people you see on the big screen every day.\" ", "question": "As part of which operation was Christopher Chaney arrested?", "context": "Christopher Chaney was arrested as part of Operation Hackerazzi.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christopher Chaney)-[ARRESTED_AS_PART_OF]->(Operation Hackerazzi)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0280", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Who is it manufactured by?", "context": "Apple Ipad Mini is manufactured by Apple. Google Nexus 7 is manufactured by Google.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple Ipad Mini)-[manufactured by]->(Apple) || (Google Nexus 7)-[manufactured by]->(Google)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0281", "coqa_story": "A university graduate described as a \"respectable and intelligent\" woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of (......)shoplifting for the second time in six months. \n\nAna Luz, recently studying for her Phd, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops . \n\nLuz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road ,Cambridge ,admitted stealing clothes worth PS9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street ,London ,on March 9. \n\nPhillip Lemoyne ,prosecuting ,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies' toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected ,having taken off the anti-theft security alarms . \n\nShe was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying , Mr. Lemoyne said. \n\nHe added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions. \n\nLuz,28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October ,but Morag Duff, defending ,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that . \n\n\"She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn't really have any explanation why she did this ,\" Miss Duff said . \"She didn't intend to steal when she went into the store . _ She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.\" \n\nJudge David Azan fined Luz PS 50, and warned : \"You've got a criminal record .If you carry on like this ,you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have.\" \n\nLuz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain ,went on to a famous university in Berlin , Germany for her master's degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University ,UK.", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Phillip Lemoyne has occupation Prosecutor. Morag Duff has occupation Defense Attorney. Judge David Azan has occupation Judge.", "based_on_pattern": "(Phillip Lemoyne)-[has occupation]->(Prosecutor) || (Morag Duff)-[has occupation]->(Defense Attorney) || (Judge David Azan)-[has occupation]->(Judge)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0282", "coqa_story": "The Roaring Twenties was the period of Western society and Western culture that occurred during and around the 1920s. It was a period of sustained economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States and Western Europe, particularly in major cities such as Berlin, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, New York City, Paris, and Sydney. In the French Third Republic, the decade was known as the \"\"ann\u00c3\u00a9es folles\"\" (\"Crazy Years\"), emphasizing the era's social, artistic and cultural dynamism. Jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined the modern look for British and American women, and Art Deco peaked. Not everything roared: in the wake of the hyper-emotional patriotism of World War I, Warren G. Harding brought back normalcy to the politics of the United States. This era saw the large-scale use of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, radio, and electric appliances. Aviation became a business. The economies saw rapid industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand, plus significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media focused on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home teams and filled the new palatial cinemas and gigantic sports stadiums. In most major democratic states, women won the right to vote. \n\nThe social and cultural features known as the Roaring Twenties began in leading metropolitan centers, then spread widely in the aftermath of World War I. The United States gained dominance in world finance. Thus, when Germany could no longer afford to pay World War I reparations to the United Kingdom, France and the other Allied Powers, the United States came up with the Dawes Plan; named after banker, and later 30th Vice President Charles G. Dawes, respectively. Wall Street invested heavily in Germany, which repaid its reparations to countries that, in turn, used the dollars to pay off their war debts to Washington. By the middle of the decade, prosperity was widespread, with the second half of the decade known, especially in Germany, as the \"Golden Twenties\".", "question": "Which country did Wall Street heavily invest in during the post-war period?", "context": "Wall Street invested heavily in Germany.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wall Street)-[INVESTED_HEAVILY_IN]->(Germany)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0283", "coqa_story": "Nora, a 17-year-old American, notices that when she has to do a paper for school and researches it on the Internet, she rarely reads a whole page and does deep reading. \"I'll read the beginning of a paragraph and then I'll skip the rest,\" she says. While Nora's mother, Martha, loves sitting down with a good book and reading carefully, her daughter may be the wave of the future. \"Deep reading\", or slow reading, is a process in which people think carefully while they read. With most, that means slowing down --- even stopping and rereading a page or paragraph to really understand what the author is trying to say. Last summer, Google CEO Eric Schmidt said he was concerned about what he sees as a decline in slow reading. Instant messages and 140-character tweets appear to be reducing out ability to concentrate on a single idea or theme of a book, he told Foreign Policy Magazine. It's easy to forget the benefits of deep reading in an age when anything worth doing is done fast. Experts warn that without deep reading, it is impossible to be an educated person of the world, a knowledgeable voter or even an imaginative thinker. \"If you want to have a deep relationship with a text and understand a complex idea, then slow reading is a preferred style. It is good for pleasure, too. It is not a rushed experience and you can lose yourself in a text,\" said Canadian writer John Miedema, the author of the book Slow Reading. US' Ohlone College English professor Cynthia Lee Katona says reading is a highly social activity that builds the mind and social connections. If you read, she says, you simply know more and have more to talk about with friends, partners and people you know. Deep reading can also take a reader on a trip around the world even if they are sitting in a living room armchair, Katona says. Also, deep reading helps people develop thinking, writing and conversation skills. \"If you like beautiful things, authors put words together that are really beautiful and expressive,\" she says. \"If you want to write well--- and there are lots of reasons to express yourself clearly --- you should read.\"", "question": "According to the information provided, what specific ability is negatively impacted by the use of instant messages?", "context": "The use of instant messages reduces the ability for deep reading.", "based_on_pattern": "(Instant Messages)-[REDUCES_ABILITY_FOR]->(Deep Reading)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0284", "coqa_story": "Time:2017-01-24 From:kekenet.com Editor: clover \n\nThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump administration. \n\nJack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, he said, \"China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time. He's open-minded, he's listening.\" \n\n_ said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse. \n\nLast week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform. \n\nDuring the campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan. \n\nTrump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies. \n\nAccording to theSouth China Morning Post, Ma said, \"American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization.\" He added that the U.S. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization. \n\nHowever, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way. \n\nThe American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies. \n\nWilliam Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, \"we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market.\" \n\nAnother major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year. \n\nMa defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem. \n\n\"Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness,\" Ma said. \n\nI'm Mario Ritter.", "question": "Who serves as the chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce in China?", "context": "William Zarit is the chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce in China.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Zarit)-[IS_CHAIRMAN_OF]->(American Chamber Of Commerce In China)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0285", "coqa_story": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall. \n\nUniversity of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.", "question": "At which location did the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction occur?", "context": "The world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction occurred at Stagg Field.", "based_on_pattern": "(World'S First Man-Made, Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction)-[OCCURRED_AT]->(Stagg Field)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0286", "coqa_story": "Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2016, Madison's estimated population of 252,551 made it the second largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 82nd largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties. The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593. \n\nFounded in 1829 on an isthmus between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota, Madison was named the capital of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and became the capital of the state of Wisconsin when it was admitted to the Union in 1848. That same year, the University of Wisconsin was founded in Madison and the state government and university have become the city's two largest employers. The city is also known for its lakes, restaurants, and extensive network of parks and bike trails, with much of the park system designed by landscape architect John Nolen. \n\nSince the 1960s, Madison has been a center of political liberalism, influenced in part by the presence of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. \n\nMadison's origins begin in 1829, when former federal judge James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres (4\u00c2\u00a0km\u00c2\u00b2) of swamp and forest land on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, with the intention of building a city in the Four Lakes region. He purchased 1,261 acres for $1,500. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to select a permanent location for the territory's capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and promising choice Madison lots at discount prices to undecided voters. He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and \"The City of Four Lakes\", near present-day Middleton.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Madison is located in United States. University Of Wisconsin is located in Madison.", "based_on_pattern": "(Madison)-[located in]->(United States) || (University Of Wisconsin)-[located in]->(Madison)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0287", "coqa_story": "The 1912 Summer Olympics (Swedish: \"Olympiska sommarspelen 1912\"), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports. With the exception of tennis (starting on 5 May) and football and shooting (both starting on 29 June), the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July. It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and, with Japan's debut, the first time an Asian nation participated. Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. \n\nThe games were the first to have art competitions, women's diving, women's swimming, and the first to feature both the decathlon and the new pentathlon, both won by Jim Thorpe. Electric timing was introduced in athletics, while the host country disallowed boxing. Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games. United States won the most gold medals (25), while Sweden won the most medals overall (65). \n\nFollowing the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, the authorities in Sweden immediately sought to ensure that the next games would be held there. There were two Swedish members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the time, Viktor Balck and Clarence von Rosen. The pair proposed to the Swedish governing bodies of athletics and gymnastics in order to ensure that they backed any potential bid. Support was given by the national associations on 18 April 1909 for a bid to host the Olympics in Stockholm on the basis that suitable financial arrangements could be made. King Gustaf V was petitioned on 6 May 1909 following the publication of preliminary plans for the Stockholm bid that the expected cost of hosting the Games would be 415,000 kronor (\u00c2\u00a323,050 or $115,250). The Government accepted the petition on behalf of the King and supported the bid.", "question": "Where was it held?", "context": "The 1912 Summer Olympics was held in Stockholm. The 1908 Summer Olympics was held in London.", "based_on_pattern": "(1912 Summer Olympics)-[held in]->(Stockholm) || (1908 Summer Olympics)-[held in]->(London)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0288", "coqa_story": "Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels of the 19th century. These were Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. The youngest sister, Anne, was also a gifted novelist, and her books have the same extraordinary quality as her sisters'. \n\nTheir father was Patrick Bronte, born in Ireland. He moved with his wife, Maria Bronte, and their six small children to Haworth in Yorkshire in 1820. Soon after, Mrs. Bronte and the two eldest children died, leaving the father to care of the remaining three girls and a boy. \n\nCharlotte was born in 1816. Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. Left to themselves, the children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated. Branwell showed a great interest in drawing. The girls were determined to earn money for his art education. They took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes. \n\nAs children they had all written many stories. Charlotte, as a young girl, alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey. After much difficulty Anne and Emily found a publisher , but there was no interest shown in Charlotte's book. (It was not published until 1859.) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her works. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847. \n\nJane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. People did not like Wuthering Heights. They said it was too wild, too animal-like. But gradually it came to be considered one of the finest novels in the English language. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of the book, and Anne died in 1849. \n\nCharlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis as her sisters had.", "question": "Who wrote the novel Wuthering Heights?", "context": "Emily Bronte wrote the novel Wuthering Heights.", "based_on_pattern": "(Emily Bronte)-[AUTHOR_OF]->(Wuthering Heights)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0289", "coqa_story": "Between 7 September 1940 and 21 May 1941, 16 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 100 long tons of high explosives. Over a period of 267 days, London was attacked 71 times, Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities. This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 24 August 1940, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night.[clarification needed] \n\nFrom 7 September 1940, one year into the war, London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 57 consecutive nights. More than one million London houses were destroyed or damaged and more than 40,000 civilians were killed, almost half of them in London. Ports and industrial centres outside London were also attacked. The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed, causing nearly 4,000 deaths within the Merseyside area during the war. The North Sea port of Hull, a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets, was subjected to 86 raids in the Hull Blitz during the war, with a conservative estimate of 1,200 civilians killed and 95 percent of its housing stock destroyed or damaged. Other ports including Bristol, Cardiff, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Southampton and Swansea were also bombed, as were the industrial cities of Birmingham, Belfast, Coventry, Glasgow, Manchester and Sheffield. Birmingham and Coventry were chosen because of the Spitfire and tank factories in Birmingham and the many munitions factories in Coventry. The city centre of Coventry was almost destroyed, as was Coventry Cathedral.", "question": "How many civilian deaths did it have?", "context": "London had civilian deaths of More Than 40,000 Civilians. Hull had civilian deaths of 1,200 Civilians.", "based_on_pattern": "(London)-[had civilian deaths]->(More Than 40,000 Civilians) || (Hull)-[had civilian deaths]->(1,200 Civilians)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0290", "coqa_story": "The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true \"HDTV\" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems. \n\nThe British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term \"sequential\") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.", "question": "What was it?", "context": "819 Lines was Monochrome. 240-Line System was Progressive.", "based_on_pattern": "(819 Lines)-[was]->(Monochrome) || (240-Line System)-[was]->(Progressive)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0291", "coqa_story": "Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (), is a federal republic in the southern portion of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (, singular \"provincia\") and one autonomous city (\"ciudad aut\u00c3\u00b3noma\"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation () as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. \n\nArgentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the R\u00c3\u00ado de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century.", "question": "When did it occur?", "context": "Spanish Colonization Of The Region occured in 16Th Century. Independence occured in 1810\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1818.", "based_on_pattern": "(Spanish Colonization Of The Region)-[occured in]->(16Th Century) || (Independence)-[occured in]->(1810\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1818)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0292", "coqa_story": "Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country. It spans approximately and has a population of 45.7 million (as of 2009). The capital of the province is Kunming, formerly also known as Yunnan. The province borders the Chinese provinces Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the countries Vietnam, Laos, and Burma. \n\nYunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17,000 or more. Yunnan's reserves of aluminium, lead, zinc and tin are the largest in China, and there are also major reserves of copper and nickel. \n\nThe Han Empire first recorded diplomatic relations with the province at the end of the 2nd century BC. It became the seat of a Sino-Tibetan-speaking kingdom of Nanzhao in the 8th century AD. Nanzhao was multi-ethnic, but the elite most-likely spoke a northern dialect of Yi. The Mongols conquered the region in the 13th century, with local control exercised by warlords until the 1930s. From the Yuan dynasty onward, the area was part of a central-government sponsored population movement towards the Southwestern frontier, with 2 major waves of migrants arriving from Han-majority areas in northern and southeast China. As with other parts of China's southwest, Japanese occupation in the north during World War II forced another migration of majority Han people into the region. These two waves of migration contributed to Yunnan being one of the most ethnically diverse provinces of China, with ethnic minorities accounting for about 34 percent of its total population. Major ethnic groups include Yi, Bai, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Miao.", "question": "Who conquered Yunnan during the 13th century?", "context": "The Mongols conquered Yunnan during the 13th century.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mongols)-[CONQUERED_IN_13TH_CENTURY]->(Yunnan)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0293", "coqa_story": "In a surprising result, the No. 69 Middle School girls' football team yesterday beat their school's boys' team. The boys' team often helped the girls with their training . They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4 -- 3. After the game, Wu Nai, head of the boys' team, was very unhappy. \"We all thought this would be an easy game,\" he said. \"We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the saddest day of my life. \" But Mr Hu, the boys' PE teacher, said he thought the girls should win. \"The boys were too confident ,\" he said. \"I told them before the match that they needed to play well. They all thought that girls' football was a joke. Now they know better. They didn't play carefully, and they lost.\" The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2 - 0. Their best player, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the mid-field player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only the second minute of the match. After the first half hour, the boys seemed to become too confident. At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous , but then they became more and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin made the score 2 - 1. In the second half, the boys were the first to score. It was from Lu Ming. After that the boys became lazy, but the girls kept on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th minute, to make the score 3 -- 2. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the last score 4-3. It was a surprising finish. The girls' PE teacher, Miss Wang, was very pleased with their work. \"They were great!\" She said. \"I told them they could win. I told them that the most important thing was teamwork. The boys' team had some good players, but my girls were a better team!\"", "question": "Who are they the PE teacher of?", "context": "Mr Hu is the pe teacher of No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team. Miss Wang is the pe teacher of No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr Hu)-[pe teacher of]->(No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team) || (Miss Wang)-[pe teacher of]->(No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0294", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "Who was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw?", "context": "Mr. Earnshaw adopted Heathcliff.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Earnshaw)-[ADOPTS]->(Heathcliff)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0295", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Who is it a competitor of?", "context": "Apple is a competitor of Google. Google Nexus 7 is a competitor of Apple Ipad Mini.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple)-[is competitor of]->(Google) || (Google Nexus 7)-[is competitor of]->(Apple Ipad Mini)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0296", "coqa_story": "What would you do if you found a snake in your house? Many people might be afraid or try to kill it. However, if you live in North Carolina in the USA, one thing you can do is to call the Snake Catchers. The Snake Catchers are four men who love snakes, even poisonous ones. Their newspaper advertisement says, \"Snake Catchers: free snake removal Please do not kill them -- Call us. \" The Snake Catchers, who started their service in 1998, don't charge anything for helping people. \"We do this as a hobby,\" explained Fred Johnson, one of the Snake Catchers. Because of their love of snakes, the Snake Catchers try to keep them alive. \"One man asked us to kill a python , so he could make a pair of boots from the skin. We refused, because we like snakes, and we don't want to see them killed, \" said Fred. Some of the snakes that they catch are kept as pets; some are given to the North Carolina State University. Most, including the poisonous snakes, are set free in the wild, usually in a national park. Fred suggests that people should treat snakes with care. \"Actually snakes are very shy and gentle creatures. They only attack if they are frightened. However, you have to know how to treat a snake properly!\" According to one happy family, the Snake Catchers are good. One day, the Greenwood family found a snake skin in the kitchen. They looked very carefully and saw a snake sleeping behind a cupboard. They thought about what to do. Then Steve Greenwood remembered the advertisement for the Snake Catchers. He called them. \"The Snake Catchers arrived within an hour and they finished the job quickly too,\" said Steve Greenwood. \"One of them went into the kitchen, found the snake and took it out alive. The Snake Catchers did a very good job.\" Last year, the Snake Catchers removed more than seventy snakes from houses in North Carolina.", "question": "How many snakes did the Snake Catchers remove last year?", "context": "The Snake Catchers removed seventy snakes last year.", "based_on_pattern": "(Snake Catchers)-[REMOVED_LAST_YEAR]->(Seventy Snakes)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0297", "coqa_story": "War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called \"peace\". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. \n\nWhile some scholars see war as a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural or ecological circumstances. \n\nThe deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, from 1939 to 1945, with 60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 million deaths, followed by the Mongol conquests at up to 60 million. As concerns a belligerent's losses in proportion to its prewar population, the most destructive war in modern history may have been the Paraguayan War (see Paraguayan War casualties). In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths, down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. In 2003, Richard Smalley identified war as the sixth (of ten) biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years. War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending, famine, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of prisoners of war or civilians. For instance, of the nine million people who were on the territory of Soviet Belarus in 1941, some 1.6 million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians). Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of propaganda by some or all parties in the conflict, and increased revenues by weapons manufacturers.", "question": "It resulted in over 60 million deaths, what was it?", "context": "Second World War resulted in 60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 Million Deaths. Mongol Conquests resulted in 60 Million Deaths.", "based_on_pattern": "(Second World War)-[resulted in]->(60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 Million Deaths) || (Mongol Conquests)-[resulted in]->(60 Million Deaths)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0298", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IX. \n\nCOUSINS. \n\n\"Come in,\" called Beth, answering a knock at her door. \n\nLouise entered, and with a little cry ran forward and caught Beth in her arms, kissing her in greeting. \n\n\"You must be my new cousin--Cousin Elizabeth--and I'm awfully glad to see you at last!\" she said, holding the younger girl a little away, that she might examine her carefully. \n\nBeth did not respond to the caress. She eyed her opponent sharply, for she knew well enough, even in that first moment, that they were engaged in a struggle for supremacy in Aunt Jane's affections, and that in the battles to come no quarter could be asked or expected. \n\nSo they stood at arm's length, facing one another and secretly forming an estimate each of the other's advantages and accomplishments. \n\n\"She's pretty enough, but has no style whatever,\" was Louise's conclusion. \"Neither has she tact nor self-possession, or even a prepossessing manner. She wears her new gown in a dowdy manner and one can read her face easily. There's little danger in this quarter, I'm sure, so I may as well be friends with the poor child.\" \n\nAs for Beth, she saw at once that her \"new cousin\" was older and more experienced in the ways of the world, and therefore liable to prove a dangerous antagonist. Slender and graceful of form, attractive of feature and dainty in manner, Louise must be credited with many advantages; but against these might be weighed her evident insincerity--the volubility and gush that are so often affected to hide one's real nature, and which so shrewd and suspicious a woman as Aunt Jane could not fail to readily detect. Altogether, Beth was not greatly disturbed by her cousin's appearance, and suddenly realizing that they had been staring at one another rather rudely, she said, pleasantly enough: ", "question": "Who is she an opponent of?", "context": "Beth is an opponent of Louise. Louise is an opponent of Beth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beth)-[is opponent of]->(Louise) || (Louise)-[is opponent of]->(Beth)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0299", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "What is his profession?", "context": "David Hansco is a Robotics Designer. Pete Singer is a Researcher.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Hansco)-[is a]->(Robotics Designer) || (Pete Singer)-[is a]->(Researcher)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0300", "coqa_story": "At just six years old, Joey Kilpatrick is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion after he hid in a bedroom cupboard for eight hours while playing his favorite game,causing a big rescue operation. The determined little boy's disappearing act led to a careful search, including nice police officers, five State Emergency Service volunteers, tracker dogs and almost all of the people of the town of Goombungee. His mother, Chris, says she called the police when Joey disappeared one afternoon after telling his older brother, Lachlan, 14, that he was off to play hide-and-seek. \"I called the two boys for dinner,\" Chris says. \"After about 20 minutes I started to worry, I was shouting to Joey, 'OK, we can't find you, time to come out!'\" But there was no sign of her little boy. Within minutes of Chris calling the police, the policemen started one of the biggest ground searches in the town's history. \"I was really frightened. I rang my husband, Kris, who works out of town, and he immediately hit the road, calling me every 10 minutes.\" Chris recalls.\"They searched the house from top to bottom; everyone was out looking for him. When a neighbor asked if I'd checked the water tank, that's when reality hit. I was afraid.\" After hours of searching the town, confused police decided to search the house one more time. \"I just sat there waiting,\" Chris says, \"Then a strange feeling came over me, and I rushed into the bedroom and put my hand on a pile of blankets in the cupboard. As I pulled then out,there he was---asleep and completely not realizing what was going on! I've never held him in my arms so hard.\" Senior officer, Chris Brameld,from Goombungee police,says he is glad that Joey's game had a happy ending: \"When we realized he was safe, we agreed that it didn't get much better than that!\" And young Joey promises that next time he won't be so intent on finding the best hiding place. \"I want to say sorry to the policemen and to Mummy for scaring them,\" he says, \"I promise next time I'll hide where they can find me and I won't fall asleep!\"", "question": "Who is their spouse?", "context": "Kris is the spouse of Chris. Chris is the spouse of Kris.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kris)-[spouse of]->(Chris) || (Chris)-[spouse of]->(Kris)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0301", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant ,it might not be love at first sniff. When Jennifer brought her baby home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her Boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming. \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them,\" says the Greenbrier, mom. In the eyes of a pet, there's a new star in home who's stealing his spotlight. Even the gentlest animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust and keep your baby safe. \n\nIntroduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and per's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz:\"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog probably wants to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your baby away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nLearn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow. Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture. You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate .", "question": "Who is Caryn Ruiz's child?", "context": "Devon is the child of Caryn Ruiz.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caryn Ruiz)-[HAS_CHILD]->(Devon)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0302", "coqa_story": "Volleyball has become a worldwide sport that is popular with all age groups, but when did this fun sport start? The history of volleyball dates back to 1895 when William G.Morgan met a Canadian James Naismith, inventor of basketball and was influenced by him and basketball.Then he wanted to invent a new game that was fit for middle-aged men. \n\nMorgan enjoyed the game of basketball, but soon he realized that it was too fast paced for some of the older men.So, he decided to invent a game that was still played on a court , but the players were not required to run up and down--he created the game of \"mintonette.\" Volleyball history shows that the original game of mintonette was played on a full court with a net in the middle.Two teams tossed the ball back and forth over the net, similar to the game of badminton.In order to cut down the equipment costs, the players played the ball with their hands. \n\nThe game quickly became popular, and everyone wanted to learn how to play volleyball.It quickly spread to other areas, across the United States, and even to other countries.Several changes were made to the game. \n\nThen specific volleyball rules were set into place.Some of the rules of volleyball included the court size, number of players, and number of hits per team.The rules also stated that players must rotate around the court so that everyone had a turn to serve the ball.Also, a standard volleyball size and shape were decided within a few years.The rules continued to change and adjust throughout the history of volleyball, until the game became what we have today. \n\nEven though volleyball history says that the game was originally created for middle-aged men, the game has become so popular among all kinds of people.Today there are many different kinds of competitive volleyball teams: high school volleyball, college volleyball, women volleyball, men, children, mixed teams, etc.There is an endless amount of possibilities with this game because it is easy to learn, many people can play together, and it can by played indoors or outside.", "question": "What was the original name for the sport of Volleyball?", "context": "The original name for Volleyball was Mintonette.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mintonette)-[IS_ORIGINAL_NAME_OF]->(Volleyball)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0303", "coqa_story": "We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells --but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn' t we know who they are? \n\nJoan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she' s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning \"who\" invented \"what\" , however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the \"why\" and \"how\" questions. According to Mclean, \"When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try. \" \n\nHer students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement. \"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper' s invention,\" said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major. \"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rain storm into something so constructive. \" Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. \n\nSo, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn' t be a built - in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. \n\nToday we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It' s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan' s traffic light. It' s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett' s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?", "question": "What did they invent?", "context": "Katherine J. Blodgett invented Invisible Glass. Tommy Lee invented the Unbreakable Umbrella. Mary Anderson invented the Windshield Wiper. Garrett A. Morgan invented the Traffic Light.", "based_on_pattern": "(Katherine J. Blodgett)-[invented]->(Invisible Glass) || (Tommy Lee)-[invented]->(Unbreakable Umbrella) || (Mary Anderson)-[invented]->(Windshield Wiper) || (Garrett A. Morgan)-[invented]->(Traffic Light)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0304", "coqa_story": "To some, it's a dream job---eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But _ \n\nKaren Fernau, a food writer for The Arisona Republic, said when she first started her job -she began to gain weight. \"I always looked forward to lunch before this job, then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day. \" she says. Nine years later, keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle. If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four-course meal, she usually eats fruits or salads throughout the day. Now she is always keeping track of what's in the food she eats and she says most people don't even look at or consider it. At one tasting task alone, she says, upward of l,000 calories is often added to her day. That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. \n\nBut even though she's thought of a special eating method, Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle. And food editors, writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more. \"When I'm at home or not eating for work, it's healthy food to the extreme,\" says Phil Vettel, who's been a restaurant critic for the Chicago Tribune for 19 years. \n\nVettle, who eats dinner at four restaurants each week, says unlike most professions, he has no right to choose. \"If I'm going out to eat, I can't choose the healthiest thing on the menu, I have to eat when they're bringing me. \" While Vettel exercises when he can, Joe Yonan, a food editor at The Washington Post, has strengthened his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago. Yonan says he realized early on that he was gaining weight and immediately hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week, on top of his body training three to five times a week. \n\nStill, it's a struggle that many Americans might envy. After all, it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails or a delicate chocolate cookie and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.", "question": "What is Phil Vettel's profession?", "context": "Phil Vettel's profession is a Restaurant Critic.", "based_on_pattern": "(Phil Vettel)-[IS_A]->(Restaurant Critic)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0305", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "Who do they work for?", "context": "Caroline Graham works for Daily Mail. Ed Winter works for Los Angeles Coroner. William Bratton works for Los Angeles Police.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caroline Graham)-[works for]->(Daily Mail) || (Ed Winter)-[works for]->(Los Angeles Coroner) || (William Bratton)-[works for]->(Los Angeles Police)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0306", "coqa_story": "Roman Britain ( or, later, \"\", \"the Britains\") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410\u00c2\u00a0AD. \n\nJulius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54\u00c2\u00a0BC as part of his Gallic Wars. The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25\u00c2\u00a0BC. In 40\u00c2\u00a0AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells. Three years later, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain (). By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward. \n\nUnder the 2nd century emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, two walls were built to defend the Roman province from the Caledonians, whose realms in the Scottish Highlands were never directly controlled. Around 197, the Severan Reforms divided Britain into two provinces: Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior. During the Diocletian Reforms, at the end of the 3rd century, Britannia was divided into four provinces under the direction of a vicarius, who administered the . A fifth province, Valentia, is attested in the later 4th century. For much of the later period of the Roman occupation, Britannia was subject to barbarian invasions and often came under the control of imperial usurpers and imperial pretenders. The final Roman withdrawal from Britain occurred around 410; the native kingdoms are considered to have formed Sub-Roman Britain after that.", "question": "For what reason did Antoninus Pius build a wall?", "context": "Antoninus Pius built a wall to defend from the Caledonians.", "based_on_pattern": "(Antoninus Pius)-[BUILT_WALL_TO_DEFEND_FROM]->(Caledonians)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0307", "coqa_story": "Once upon a time, there was a family with eighteen children in a small village not far from Nuremberg. Eighteen! In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children had a dream. They both wanted to pursue their talent for art. After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement. They would toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy. Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy. \n\nThey tossed a coin on a Sunday morning after church. Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, financed his brother, whose work at the academy was excellent. By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his works. \n\nWhen the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht's triumphant homecoming, where Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to fulfill his ambition. His closing words were, \"Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you.\" \n\nTears streaming down his pale face, shaking his lowered head from side to side, Albert sobbed, \"No... no... no...no. It is too late for me. Look...look at what four years in the mines has done to my hands! I have been suffering from arthritis so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush... For me, it is too late.\" \n\nTo show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother's abused hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward. He called his powerful drawing simply \"Hands\", but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it \"The Praying Hands\". \n\nThe next time you see a copy of that touching creation, take a second look. Let it be your reminder, if you still need one, that no one - no one - no one ever makes it alone!", "question": "What was the artwork named 'Hands' eventually renamed to?", "context": "The artwork 'Hands' was renamed to 'The Praying Hands'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hands)-[RENAMED_TO]->(The Praying Hands)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0308", "coqa_story": "Women had a significant part to play during World War II,which was the time when women also made their own contributions.Some women's great efforts and their names have been recorded in history.Here's a look at some of the strong figures of women in World War II. \n\nTatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov of Russia on December 12,1919.In 1943,she was sent to the Central Women's Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April,she was further sent to the front.She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months!Unfortunately,she was captured by the enemies and was killed on the fifth of July in 1944.Today,the street where she grew up has been renamed in her memory. \n\nAnne Frank was a Germanborn Jewish girl who was wellknown for the publication of her diary that described all her experiences when the Germans occupied Holland in World War II.Anne was born on June 12,1929 and she,along with her family,went into hiding in July 1942.Two years later,her family was captured and seven months from her arrest,Anne Frank died of illness in early March 1945. \n\nMargaret Ringenberg was born on 17 June,1921,in Indiana of America.She began her career during World War II when she became a ferry pilot for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.After that she turned a flight instructor in 1945.She even wrote her own book named Girls Can't Be Pilots.She passed away on 28 July,2008,after flying for 40,000 hours in the air. \n\nHannah Szenes was born on 17th July,1921 and was trained to parachute by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II.This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary.Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured following her arrest at the Hungarian border.Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures,yet she did not lose heart.She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high!She also kept a record of events in her diary till 7th November,1944,when she was finally killed. \n\nThese names are just a few of the women who played a significant part in World War II.Their stories go a long way in showing the kind of lifestyles they led and their struggles and sacrifices.", "question": "What is the title of the book authored by Margaret Ringenberg?", "context": "Margaret Ringenberg authored the book titled 'Girls Can't Be Pilots'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Ringenberg)-[AUTHORED]->(Girls Can'T Be Pilots)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0309", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- President James K. Polk holds a distinction among those who have sought the nation's top job: He's the only major candidate to win the White House despite losing the vote in the state where he was born and the state where he lived. \n\nIt happened in 1844, and now 168 years later, Republican nominee Mitt Romney may need to duplicate Polk's feat if he wants to defeat President Barack Obama in Tuesday's election. \n\nAccording to polls, Romney faces the prospect of losing both the state of his birth, Michigan, and the state where he lives and served as governor, Massachusetts. \n\nCNN Polling Center \n\nObama holds a double digit lead in Massachusetts, but the race is closer in Michigan, with the polls tightening, though the president remains in front. \n\nUnder the Electoral College system, each state is worth a certain number of electoral votes based on population. There are a total of 538 electoral votes available, meaning 270 are required to win. \n\nRomney has many plausible paths to victory on Tuesday without winning Michigan or Massachusetts. \n\nYet the prospect that he might lose either or both raises the question of how many other presidential candidates in U.S. history also were unable to win their birth or home states? \n\nWinners who overcame the loss of a state with strong personal ties included Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon and both George H.W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush. \n\nNew national poll shows Obama, Romney virtually tied \n\nHonest Abe won his home state of Illinois, but lost his birth state of Kentucky in both of his presidential runs in 1860 and 1864. In 1968, Nixon won his birth state of California, where he also ran unsuccessfully as governor, but lost his home state of New York, where he had been working as a lawyer for a few years. ", "question": "Where did he win?", "context": "Abraham Lincoln won in Illinois. Richard Nixon won in California.", "based_on_pattern": "(Abraham Lincoln)-[won in]->(Illinois) || (Richard Nixon)-[won in]->(California)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0310", "coqa_story": "The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front. \n\nPlanning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal, but postponing would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days in each month were deemed suitable. Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion. \n\nThe amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe landing of 24,000 American, British, and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight. Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06:30. The target stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions, particularly at Utah and Omaha. The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches, and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Casualties were heaviest at Omaha, with its high cliffs. At Gold, Juno, and Sword, several fortified towns were cleared in house-to-house fighting, and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled, using specialised tanks.", "question": "What was it a part of?", "context": "Allied Invasion Of Normandy was part of Operation Overlord. Normandy Landings was part of Allied Invasion Of Normandy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Allied Invasion Of Normandy)-[part of]->(Operation Overlord) || (Normandy Landings)-[part of]->(Allied Invasion Of Normandy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0311", "coqa_story": "Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels of the 19th century. These were Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. The youngest sister, Anne, was also a gifted novelist, and her books have the same extraordinary quality as her sisters'. \n\nTheir father was Patrick Bronte, born in Ireland. He moved with his wife, Maria Bronte, and their six small children to Haworth in Yorkshire in 1820. Soon after, Mrs. Bronte and the two eldest children died, leaving the father to care of the remaining three girls and a boy. \n\nCharlotte was born in 1816. Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. Left to themselves, the children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated. Branwell showed a great interest in drawing. The girls were determined to earn money for his art education. They took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes. \n\nAs children they had all written many stories. Charlotte, as a young girl, alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey. After much difficulty Anne and Emily found a publisher , but there was no interest shown in Charlotte's book. (It was not published until 1859.) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her works. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847. \n\nJane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. People did not like Wuthering Heights. They said it was too wild, too animal-like. But gradually it came to be considered one of the finest novels in the English language. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of the book, and Anne died in 1849. \n\nCharlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis as her sisters had.", "question": "Who were they married to?", "context": "Charlotte Bronte was married to Arthur Bell Nicholls. Arthur Bell Nicholls was married to Charlotte Bronte.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charlotte Bronte)-[married to]->(Arthur Bell Nicholls) || (Arthur Bell Nicholls)-[married to]->(Charlotte Bronte)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0312", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty and Golden Gate Bridge are great tourist sites. But if you prefer _ destinations, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Records. Visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum claims to have the world's largest collection of prepared mustard . Its more than 4, 100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much, if any, thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers. ks5u", "question": "Who is credited with creating the Mount Horeb Mustard Museum?", "context": "Barry Levenson created the Mount Horeb Mustard Museum.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barry Levenson)-[CREATED]->(Mount Horeb Mustard Museum)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0313", "coqa_story": "Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. \n\nKnowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as \"justified true belief\", though this definition is now thought by some analytic philosophers to be problematic because of the Gettier problems while others defend the platonic definition. However, several definitions of knowledge and theories to explain it exist. \n\nKnowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of \"acknowledgment\" in human beings. \n\nThe definition of knowledge is a matter of ongoing debate among philosophers in the field of epistemology. The classical definition, described but not ultimately endorsed by Plato, specifies that a statement must meet three in order to be considered knowledge: it must be justified, true, and believed. Some claim that these conditions are not sufficient, as Gettier case examples allegedly demonstrate. There are a number of alternatives proposed, including Robert Nozick's arguments for a requirement that knowledge 'tracks the truth' and Simon Blackburn's additional requirement that we do not want to say that those who meet any of these conditions 'through a defect, flaw, or failure' have knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggests that our definition of knowledge requires that the evidence for the belief necessitates its truth.", "question": "What is it challenged by?", "context": "Classical Definition is challenged by Gettier Case Examples. Justified True Belief is challenged by Gettier Problems.", "based_on_pattern": "(Classical Definition)-[challenged by]->(Gettier Case Examples) || (Justified True Belief)-[challenged by]->(Gettier Problems)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0314", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nMr. Barbecue-Smith was gone. The motor had whirled him away to the station; a faint smell of burning oil commemorated his recent departure. A considerable detachment had come into the courtyard to speed him on his way; and now they were walking back, round the side of the house, towards the terrace and the garden. They walked in silence; nobody had yet ventured to comment on the departed guest. \n\n\"Well?\" said Anne at last, turning with raised inquiring eyebrows to Denis. \n\n\"Well?\" It was time for someone to begin. \n\nDenis declined the invitation; he passed it on to Mr Scogan. \"Well?\" he said. \n\nMr. Scogan did not respond; he only repeated the question, \"Well?\" \n\nIt was left for Henry Wimbush to make a pronouncement. \"A very agreeable adjunct to the week-end,\" he said. His tone was obituary. \n\nThey had descended, without paying much attention where they were going, the steep yew-walk that went down, under the flank of the terrace, to the pool. The house towered above them, immensely tall, with the whole height of the built-up terrace added to its own seventy feet of brick facade. The perpendicular lines of the three towers soared up, uninterrupted, enhancing the impression of height until it became overwhelming. They paused at the edge of the pool to look back. \n\n\"The man who built this house knew his business,\" said Denis. \"He was an architect.\" \n\n\"Was he?\" said Henry Wimbush reflectively. \"I doubt it. The builder of this house was Sir Ferdinando Lapith, who flourished during the reign of Elizabeth. He inherited the estate from his father, to whom it had been granted at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries; for Crome was originally a cloister of monks and this swimming-pool their fish-pond. Sir Ferdinando was not content merely to adapt the old monastic buildings to his own purposes; but using them as a stone quarry for his barns and byres and outhouses, he built for himself a grand new house of brick--the house you see now.\" ", "question": "During which monarch's reign did Sir Ferdinando Lapith live?", "context": "Sir Ferdinando Lapith lived during the reign of Elizabeth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sir Ferdinando Lapith)-[LIVED_DURING_REIGN_OF]->(Elizabeth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0315", "coqa_story": "Donna Ashlock, a 14-year-old girl from California, was very sick. She had a bad heart. \"Donna needs a new heart,\" her doctor said, \"she must have a new heart, or she will die soon.\" Felipe Carza, 15, was worried about Donna. Felipe was Donna's friend. He liked Donna very much. He liked her freckles, and he liked her smile. Felipe didn't want Donna to die. Felipe talked to his mother about Donna. \"I am going to die,\" Felipe told his mother, \"and I am going to give my heat to Donna.\" Felipe's mother didn't pay much attention to Felipe. \"Felipe is just kidding,\" she thought, \"Felipe is not going to die. He's strong and healthy.\" But Felipe was not healthy. He had terrible headaches sometimes. \"my head hurts,\" he often told his friends. Felipe never told his parents about his headaches. One morning Felipe woke up with a sharp pain in his head. He was dizzy , and he couldn't breathe. His parents rushed Felipe to the hospital. Doctors at the hospital had terrible news for them. \"Felipe' s brain is dead,\" the doctors said, \"we can't save him.\" The parents were very sad. But they remembered Felipe's words. \"Felipe wanted to give his heart to Donna,\" they told the doctors. The doctors did several tests. Then they told the parents, \"we can give Felipe's heart to Donna.\" The doctors took out Felipe's heart and rushed the heart to Donna. Other doctors took out Donna's heart and put Felipe's heart in her chest. In a short time the heart began to beat. The operation was a success. Felipe's heart was beating in Donna's chest, but Donna didn't know it. Her parents and doctors didn't tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe. \"I feel very sad,\" Donna said, \"but I am thankful to Felipe.\" Three months later the operation Donna went back to school. She has to have regular checkups, and she has to take medicine every day. But she is living a normal life. Felipe's brother John says, \"Every time we see Donna, we think of Felipe. She has Felipe's heart in her. That gives us great peace.\"", "question": "Who are they a friend of?", "context": "Felipe Carza is a friend of Donna Ashlock. Donna Ashlock is a friend of Felipe Carza.", "based_on_pattern": "(Felipe Carza)-[friend of]->(Donna Ashlock) || (Donna Ashlock)-[friend of]->(Felipe Carza)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0316", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "What was her profession?", "context": "Bette Nesmith Graham was a Typist. Stephanie Kwolek was a Research Chemist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bette Nesmith Graham)-[has profession]->(Typist) || (Stephanie Kwolek)-[has profession]->(Research Chemist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0317", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3:-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad; neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To new comers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the translation of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . \"Everyone should just relax\", say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing, has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mails, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than their parents.\" Linguist James says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents. They too will think this way. James argues that languages do not and cannot become corrupted. They simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, aged 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun. \"", "question": "Which university is he affiliated with?", "context": "Geoffrey Nurberg is affiliated with Stanford University. David Crystal is affiliated with University Of Wales.", "based_on_pattern": "(Geoffrey Nurberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University) || (David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0318", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- Sen. John Cornyn, welcome to the club. \n\nThe two-term Texas lawmaker is now the seventh Republican Senator up for re-election next year to face a primary challenge from his right. \n\nThat club also includes the top Republican in the chamber, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, Thad Cochran of Mississippi, Mike Enzi of Wyoming, Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, and Pat Roberts of Kansas. \n\nIf this seems like deja vu all over again, it is. \n\nSince the birth of the tea party movement in 2009, primary challenges from the right have made major headlines, and have hurt the GOP's efforts in the last two elections in their attempts win back control of the Senate from the Democrats. \n\n\"Republicans effectively gave away five Senate seats the last two cycles because of candidates who weren't capable of winning in November,\" said Brian Walsh, who served as communications director for the National Republican Senatorial Committee, which provides support, advice and funding to Republican candidates, during the 2010 and 2012 cycles. \n\nDems defending 21 seats \n\nWith Democrats holding a 55-45 majority in the Senate but defending 21 of the 35 Senate seats up for grabs in the 2014 midterms, the GOP has another opportunity to try and retake the chamber. \n\nBut Walsh said that he doesn't see a repeat of what occurred in recent years even though a majority of Republican Senators running for re-election are facing primary challenges. \n\n\"With the exception of perhaps Georgia, it's difficult to see that repeat itself even with the large number of primaries because many are not serious at this point. But Republicans have a tremendous opportunity to win back control of the Senate next year and it's a critical reminder to Republican primary voters that candidate quality matters,\" he told CNN. ", "question": "Which state does he represent?", "context": "John Cornyn represents Texas. Mitch Mcconnell represents Kentucky. Thad Cochran represents Mississippi. Lamar Alexander represents Tennessee. Mike Enzi represents Wyoming. Lindsey Graham represents South Carolina. Pat Roberts represents Kansas.", "based_on_pattern": "(John Cornyn)-[represents state]->(Texas) || (Mitch Mcconnell)-[represents state]->(Kentucky) || (Thad Cochran)-[represents state]->(Mississippi) || (Lamar Alexander)-[represents state]->(Tennessee) || (Mike Enzi)-[represents state]->(Wyoming) || (Lindsey Graham)-[represents state]->(South Carolina) || (Pat Roberts)-[represents state]->(Kansas)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0319", "coqa_story": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Previously known as simply \"George Bush\", since 2001, Bush has often been referred to as \"George H. W. Bush\", \"Bush 41\", \"Bush the Elder\", or \"George Bush Senior\" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. \n\nBush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday, and became the youngest aviator in the U.S. Navy at the time. He served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, becoming a millionaire by the age of 40. Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, and he won election to the House of Representatives in 1966. In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations, and in 1973, Bush became the Chairman of the Republican National Committee. The following year, President Gerald Ford appointed Bush as the ambassador to the People's Republic of China, and later reassigned Bush to the position of Director of Central Intelligence. Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican primary by Ronald Reagan. Reagan chose Bush as his running mate, and Bush became vice president after the Reagan\u00e2\u20ac\u201cBush ticket won the 1980 election. During his eight-year tenure as vice president, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting the \"War on Drugs\".", "question": "Who is he the father of?", "context": "Prescott Bush is the father of George Herbert Walker Bush. George Herbert Walker Bush is the father of George W. Bush.", "based_on_pattern": "(Prescott Bush)-[father of]->(George Herbert Walker Bush) || (George Herbert Walker Bush)-[father of]->(George W. Bush)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0320", "coqa_story": "ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the \"Mona Lisa\" a self-portrait in disguise ? \n\nA group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing. \n\nIf the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the \"Mona Lisa.\" Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting. \n\n\"We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust,\" says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. \"But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death.\" Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that _ in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week. \n\nLeonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him \"first painter to the king.\" He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle. \n\n\"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark,\" said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down. \n\nThe group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of \"solving the great mysteries of the past,\" said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature. \n\nArguably the world's most famous painting, the \"Mona Lisa\" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother. \n\nThat Leonardo intended the \"Mona Lisa\" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover. \n\nIf granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing. \n\nAt the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with DNA testing. \n\nVezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives. \n\nGruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva , meaning DNA might be found on his paintings. \n\nEven in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old. \n\nEven within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the \"Mona Lisa.\" \n\nVinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated with Leonardo. \n\nVezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as \"baseless and senseless\" the idea that the \"Mona Lisa\" could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name \"Mona Lisa\" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: \"La Gioconda.\"", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "The Louvre is located in Paris. The Museum Dedicated To Leonardo is located in Vinci.", "based_on_pattern": "(Louvre)-[located in]->(Paris) || (Museum Dedicated To Leonardo)-[located in]->(Vinci)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0321", "coqa_story": "As a young boy, I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mill carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: There were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did. \n\nIn the spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when 1 was a boy it was such a fun to stick your finger 'through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers. \n\nOn Dad' s final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailbox to thank him for his friendship and his years of service. \"Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route.\" he used to say, \"and a story at every one. \" One lady had no mailbox, so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. Once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills. \n\nMailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. One note left in a mailbox read. \"Nat, take these eggs to Marian; she's baking a cake and doesn't have any eggs. \" Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the groom:. bat the mail was always delivered On cold days Dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. A young wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few button on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came to 8 32,000. \n\nA dozen years ago, when I traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad's death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. I thought I knew them all, but that wasn't the case. \n\nAs I drove home, I noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. When my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. One box was painted green and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: SANTA CLAUS, NORTH POLE. For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes. \n\nI made a turn at the comer and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. Mom and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps. There, at the door, stood Frank Townsend, Dad's postmaster and great friend for many years. So we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories. \n\nAt one point Frank looked at me with tears in his eyes. \" What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?\" he asked. \n\n\"The letters?\" \n\n'I guess you never knew. \" \n\n\"Knew what?\" \n\n\" Remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and red boxes on Main Street? It was your dad who answered all those letters every year. \" \n\nI just sat there with tears in my eyes. It wasn't hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one. I have since spoken with several of the people who received Christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families. \n\nFor me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.", "question": "Who is he a friend of?", "context": "Dad is a friend of Frank Townsend. Frank Townsend is a friend of Dad.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dad)-[friend of]->(Frank Townsend) || (Frank Townsend)-[friend of]->(Dad)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0322", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- It has been a rocky couple of years for the people of Egypt. Since the 2011 revolution, the economy has tanked, street protests are an almost daily occurrence and the political situation remains volatile. \n\nHowever, a handful of young Egyptians have found that the best way to take a stand against the turmoil is with stand-up comedy. \n\n\"We are like a little beam of sunlight, coming through and reminding people, 'Don't worry! When this cloud passes, it will be brighter. It will be happier,'\" says Rami Borai, a comedian in one of Egypt's first home-grown comedy troupes, Hezb El Comedy. \n\nThe group, whose name means \"The Comedy Party,\" was formed in 2009 by Hashim Al Gahry, who admits he started up with \"zero capital.\" Al Gahry and some friends pooled their savings, and started marketing the group through social media. When they're not performing, Hezb El Comedy teaches the art of stand-up to other aspiring comics, instructing them on things like timing and body language. \n\n\"We're not the funniest people in the world, but it's the experience that has put us in a position to give them advice and tell them, 'These are our mistakes, and this is what you can do to avoid what we did,'\" says Al Gahry. \n\nRead more: Book shows collection of Iran's political cartoons \n\nOther Arab nations are similarly investing in grassroots comedy. In Qatar, a few young comics have come together to form SUCQ (an acronym for Stand Up Comedy Qatar). \n\n\"It's an American art. We took it from the Americans. We have reshaped it to adapt to our culture and society and people,\" says Hamad Al Amri, 24, a comedian who is also a banker by day. Mohamed Kamal, who also performs stand-up with SUCQ, notes that given Qatar's political climate, there are limits to what he can joke about. ", "question": "What does the acronym Sucq stand for?", "context": "The acronym Sucq stands for Stand Up Comedy Qatar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sucq)-[IS_ACRONYM_FOR]->(Stand Up Comedy Qatar)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0323", "coqa_story": "Istanbul (CNN) -- A Turkish prosecutor has openly accused police of interfering with a high-level corruption investigation. \n\n\"Court orders have not been carried out and there has been open pressure on the judicial process from both the chief prosecutor's office and from the police force, which is supposed to carry out the decisions of the courts,\" Muammer Akkas said in a Thursday statement. \n\nHe spoke one day after three Cabinet ministers resigned their posts, after their sons were arrested or temporarily detained in an anti-graft sting, semiofficial news agency Anadolu reported. \n\nOne of them, Urbanization and Environment Minister Erdogan Bayraktar, went further than the other two, not just resigning his Cabinet position but also calling on Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan to step down. \n\nTurkish media reported a possible second wave of detentions as imminent late Wednesday, but the raids did not materialize. \n\nInstead, an apparent deadlock within the judiciary emerged as Akkas, the prosecutor, issued his statement saying the judiciary was under the heel of the government. \n\nAkkas accused police and prosecutors of ignoring a decision of the courts by refusing to carry out more raids. \n\nIn a televised statement, Chief Istanbul Prosecutor Turan Colakkadi fired back, saying that Akkas had mishandled the investigation and leaked information to the press, leading to his removal from the case. \n\nEconomy Minister Zafer Caglayan and Interior Minister Muammer Guler, whose sons were also arrested in the investigation, also resigned Wednesday. Erdogan accepted the resignations, Anadolu reported. \n\nThe sons were detained in a roundup that included the head of a public bank, several bureaucrats and high-profile businessmen. The roundup came after a two-year investigation by the Istanbul Prosecutor's Office into allegations of corruption including money laundering, gold smuggling and bribery. ", "question": "What accusation did Turan Colakkadi make against Muammer Akkas regarding the investigation?", "context": "Turan Colakkadi accused Muammer Akkas of mishandling the investigation.", "based_on_pattern": "(Turan Colakkadi)-[ACCUSED_OF_MISHANDLING_INVESTIGATION]->(Muammer Akkas)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0324", "coqa_story": "Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952. He was in his first school play when he was eight and he started to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college. He made many successful films and TV shows but he is most famous for his Superman films. Unfortunately, disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back. The doctors did not expect him to live. However, he made amazing progress. At first, he couldn't breathe without a machine, but he learnt to breathe on his own. He would never walk again but he started a new life with great courage. The second year after his accident, Christopher returned to film making. He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries. He made speeches all over the USA about his experiences. This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems. From their home, Christopher and his wife Dana spoke about their life after the accident. Could you say something about your life after the accident? \"Four days after the accident, I came to understand my situation. The doctors said I was not going to pull through. Those days were terrible. But my wife Dana said, \"You are still you and I love you. Be confident in yourself.\" And that saved my life. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up.\" What do you think of your family? \"Great! Dana is so wonderful.We have always got on really well.My parents often quarreled with each other when I was young.But they've got closer since the accident.\" How do you spend your time? \"I spend most of my time on charity work to improve the life for all disabled people.I think they need my help. With the progress of new medical research, I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. So you can see _ !\" Christopher Reeve died on October 10, 2004. But people all over the world will always remember him as a superhero.", "question": "In what year did Christopher Reeve have his accident?", "context": "Christopher Reeve had his accident in 1995.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christopher Reeve)-[HAD_ACCIDENT_IN]->(1995)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0325", "coqa_story": "Isabella Stewart was born in New York City in 1 840.Her father made a great deal of money in the trade.During school,her parents took her to Italy to explore the country's many cultural treasures. \n\nOne of the private art collections Isabella visited in Milan had a deep influence on her.She wrote to her friends about her dream of owning a house one day with an art collection like the one she had seen in Italy. \n\nIn Paris,Isabella became close friends with one of her classmates,Julia Gardner,whose family was from Boston.Julia would later introduce Isabella to her brother,Jack.In 1 860,Isabella Stewart married Jack Gardner. \n\nThe couple had too much art to fit inside their home.So they decided to start planning a museum.Mrs. Gardner didn't like the cold and empty.spaces of many museums during her time.She wanted a warm museum filled with light.She once said that she decided years ago that the greatest need in her country was art.America was a young country developing quickly in other areas.But the country needed more chances for people to See beautiful examples of art. \n\nAfter her husband's death in 1 898.Isabella knew she had no time to lose in building her museum.She bought land,hired a building designer,and supervised every detail of her museum's construction. \n\nMrs.Gardner opened her museum on January 1,1 903,which was then called Fenway Court.She invited her friends that night for a special musical performance.The next month,she opened the museum to the public.At first,visits were limited to twenty days out of the year.Visitors paid one dollar to enter. \n\nIsabella Stewart Gardner died in 1 924 in Boston.In her will,she left the museum a million dollars and a series of requirements about how it should be managed, one that the permanent collection cannot be changed.", "question": "Where did Isabella Stewart Gardner believe there was a significant need for art?", "context": "Isabella Stewart Gardner believed there was a significant need for art in America.", "based_on_pattern": "(Isabella Stewart Gardner)-[BELIEVED_IN_NEED_FOR_ART_IN]->(America)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0326", "coqa_story": "In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, the truer figure of the Earth, or other planetary body. Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined. \n\nIn 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he included a proof that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution which he termed an oblate spheroid. Current practice uses the word 'ellipsoid' alone in preference to the full term 'oblate ellipsoid of revolution' or the older term 'oblate spheroid'. In the rare instances (some asteroids and planets) where a more general ellipsoid shape is required as a model the term used is triaxial (or scalene) ellipsoid. A great many ellipsoids have been used with various sizes and centres but modern (post-GPS) ellipsoids are centred at the actual center of mass of the Earth or body being modeled. \n\nThe shape of an (oblate) ellipsoid (of revolution) is determined by the shape parameters of that ellipse which generates the ellipsoid when it is rotated about its minor axis. The semi-major axis of the ellipse, \"a\", is identified as the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid: the semi-minor axis of the ellipse, \"b\", is identified with the polar distances (from the centre). These two lengths completely specify the shape of the ellipsoid but in practice geodesy publications classify reference ellipsoids by giving the semi-major axis and the \"inverse \"flattening, , The flattening, \"f\", is simply a measure of how much the symmetry axis is compressed relative to the equatorial radius: For the Earth, \"f\" is around corresponding to a difference of the major and minor semi-axes of approximately . Some precise values are given in the table below and also in Figure of the Earth. For comparison, Earth's Moon is even less elliptical, with a flattening of less than , while Jupiter is visibly oblate at about and one of Saturn's triaxial moons, Telesto, is nearly to .", "question": "What is it also known as?", "context": "Triaxial Ellipsoid is also known as Scalene Ellipsoid. Oblate Ellipsoid Of Revolution is also known as Oblate Spheroid.", "based_on_pattern": "(Triaxial Ellipsoid)-[also known as]->(Scalene Ellipsoid) || (Oblate Ellipsoid Of Revolution)-[also known as]->(Oblate Spheroid)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0327", "coqa_story": "Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223). \n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u20308,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203010 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203014 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203018 The digits 0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.", "question": "What position does it have?", "context": "Space has position 20Hex. A has position 41Hex.", "based_on_pattern": "(Space)-[has position]->(20Hex) || (A)-[has position]->(41Hex)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0328", "coqa_story": "Library and Archives Canada (LAC) (in ) is a federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving and making Canada's documentary heritage accessible. LAC reports to Parliament through M\u00c3\u00a9lanie Joly, the Minister of Canadian Heritage since November 4, 2015. \n\nThe Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture and was transformed into the autonomous Public Archives of Canada in 1912 and renamed the National Archives of Canada in 1987. The National Library of Canada was founded in 1953. Freda Farrell Waldon contributed to the writing of the brief which led to the founding of the National Library of Canada. In 2004, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) combined the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. It was established by the \"Library and Archives of Canada Act\" (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004. A subsequent Order in Council dated May 21, 2004 united the collections, services and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Since inception LAC has reported to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. \n\nLAC's stated mandate is: \n\nLAC is expected to maintain \"effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability\". \n\nLAC's holdings include the archival records of the Government of Canada, representative private archives, 20 million books acquired largely through legal deposit, 24 million photographs, and more than a petabyte of digital content. Some of this content, primarily the book collection, university theses and census material, is available online. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013 only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing \"about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items\".", "question": "When was it formed?", "context": "Library And Archives Canada was formed in 2004. Public Archives Of Canada was formed in 1912.", "based_on_pattern": "(Library And Archives Canada)-[formed in]->(2004) || (Public Archives Of Canada)-[formed in]->(1912)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0329", "coqa_story": "The University of California, Berkeley (also referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, and Cal ) is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, Berkeley is the oldest of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system (although UCSF was founded in 1864 and predates the establishment of the UC system) and is\u00c2\u00a0ranked\u00c2\u00a0as one of the world's leading research universities and the top\u00c2\u00a0public university\u00c2\u00a0in the United States. \n\nEstablished in 1868 as the University of California, resulting from the merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining and Mechanical Arts College in Oakland, Berkeley offers approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The Dwinelle Bill of March 5, 1868 (California Assembly Bill No. 583) stated that the \"University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and profession[al] pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions\". In the 1960s, Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. \n\nBerkeley is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and continues to have very high research activity with $789 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015. It also co-manages three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, including Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy, as well as being home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Through its partner institution University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center, the top hospital in California, which is also part of the UC system.", "question": "When was it founded?", "context": "University Of California, Berkeley was founded in 1868. Ucsf was founded in 1864.", "based_on_pattern": "(University Of California, Berkeley)-[founded in]->(1868) || (Ucsf)-[founded in]->(1864)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0330", "coqa_story": "The Canadian Hot 100 is a music industry record chart in Canada for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated June 16, 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada; a new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. \n\nThe chart is similar to \"Billboard\"s US-based Hot 100 in that it combines physical and digital sales as measured by Nielsen SoundScan, streaming activity data provided by online music sources, and radio airplay as measured by Nielsen BDS. Canada's airplay chart is the result of monitoring more than 100 stations representing rock, country, adult contemporary and Top 40 genres. \n\nThe first number-one song of the Canadian Hot 100 was \"Umbrella\" by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z on June 16, 2007. As of the issue for the week ending October 7, 2017, the Canadian Hot 100 has had 117 different number-one hits. The current number-one is \"Rockstar\" by Post Malone featuring 21 Savage. \n\nThe chart was made available for the first time via \"Billboard\" online services on June 7, 2007 (issue dated June 16, 2007). With this launch, it marked the first time that \"Billboard\" created a Hot 100 chart for a country outside the United States. \"Billboard\" charts manager Geoff Mayfield announced the premiere of the chart, explaining \"the new \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 will serve as the definitive measure of Canada's most popular songs, continuing our magazine's longstanding tradition of using the most comprehensive resources available to provide the world's most authoritative music charts.\" The \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 is managed by Paul Tuch, director of Canadian operations for Nielsen BDS, in consultation with Silvio Pietroluongo, \"Billboard\"s associate director of charts and manager of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "question": "What professional role does Paul Tuch hold at Nielsen BDS?", "context": "Paul Tuch is the Director of Canadian Operations for Nielsen BDS.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul Tuch)-[DIRECTOR_OF_CANADIAN_OPERATIONS_FOR]->(Nielsen Bds)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0331", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "What role did Bonnie Beaver, Dvm previously hold at the American Veterinary Medical Association?", "context": "Bonnie Beaver, Dvm was a past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bonnie Beaver, Dvm)-[PAST_PRESIDENT_OF]->(American Veterinary Medical Association)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0332", "coqa_story": "The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. \n\nSeeking to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the \"Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie\" (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Smith (1824\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the \"Cornhill Magazine\", owned by Smith, to become editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus on subjects from the UK and its present and former colonies only. An early working title was the \"Biographia Britannica\", the name of an earlier eighteenth-century reference work. \n\nThe first volume of the \"Dictionary of National Biography\" appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor. A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the \"DNB\" also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63. The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given below.", "question": "How many volumes does it have?", "context": "The Dictionary Of National Biography has 63 volumes. The Oxford Dictionary Of National Biography has 60 volumes.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dictionary Of National Biography)-[has volumes]->(63) || (Oxford Dictionary Of National Biography)-[has volumes]->(60)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0333", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Henry Joseph Madden was a good student and track team member in high school, but he had a secret: He sometimes wore his mother's pantyhose and underwear under his clothes. \n\nDr. Jennifer Madden, a family physician, began her transition to being female at age 48. \n\n\"I really wanted to be a girl so bad, and that was one way for me to satisfy those feelings,\" Madden said. \"I always felt like someone was looking over my shoulder.\" \n\nThe desire to be female never went away. At age 48, Madden confessed these feelings to a doctor, and started seeing a gender therapist who suggested Madden was transgendered. \n\nThrough reconstructive surgeries, electrolysis, laser procedures and voice lessons, Henry Joseph became Jennifer Elizabeth, known as Jenny. She is a practicing family physician in Nashua, New Hampshire. Watch Jenny's story \u00c2\u00bb \n\nChastity Bono, child of performer Cher and the late entertainer and politician Sonny Bono, announced Thursday the beginning of a transition from female to a male. \n\nWhile still relatively rare -- one advocate estimates that 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the American population is transgendered -- the idea of changing gender identity has become more widespread in recent years. The term \"LGBT\" (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) is more commonly recognized, and transgendered people have been portrayed in the 1999 film \"Boys Don't Cry\" as well as the 2002 book \"Middlesex\" by Jeffrey Eugenides. \n\nMany people who have transitioned, including Madden, say they knew they had been born into the wrong gender from childhood. As early as age 3, Dr. Julie Praus, born male, didn't understand why her father wanted to play catch. As a boy, Praus learned how to fish and hunt, but enjoyed collecting Depression-era glassware vases. Praus, 48, a psychiatrist in Brattleboro, Vermont, started living as a woman in March 2008. ", "question": "When did Julie Praus start living as a woman?", "context": "Julie Praus started living as a woman in March 2008.", "based_on_pattern": "(Julie Praus)-[STARTED_LIVING_AS_WOMAN_IN]->(March 2008)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0334", "coqa_story": "Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is the main character in the fictional Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname. \n\nIn the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter, who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback. The hunter supposedly walked more than a hundred miles back to civilization and miraculously survived his injuries. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten-off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still _ by the idea of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his old-fashioned views, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. \n\nFeeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how, despite his expert knowledge of living outdoors, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's boyfriend, Richard, but they do not get along. By the end of the film, Mick is on his way home, lovesick, when Sue realizes she loves Mick, too, and not Richard. She runs to the subway station to stop Mick from leaving and, by passing on messages through the packed-to-the-gills crowd, she tells him she won't marry Richard, and she loves him instead. With the help of the other people in the subway, Mick and Sue have a loving reunion as the film ends.", "question": "Who did Sue Charlton break up with to be with Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\"?", "context": "Sue Charlton broke up with Richard.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sue Charlton)-[BREAKS_UP_WITH]->(Richard)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0335", "coqa_story": "Diane Arbus is known for creating intense black and white photographs of very unusual people. She used a special camera that produced square shaped images. One art expert said Diane Arbus turned photography inside out. Instead of looking at her subjects, she made them look at her. \n\nDiane Arbus was born in 1923 to a wealthy family in New York City. After finishing high school at the age of 18, Diane married Allan Arbus. Mr. Arbus worked in the advertising department of her father's store. \n\nIt was Mr. Arbus who gave Diane her first camera. Diane soon decided to take a class with the famous photographer Berenice Abbott. The Arbuses eventually started taking photographs of clothing. These images were used as advertisements for Diane's father's store. After the birth of their daughter, Doon, the Arbuses started a business together. Their purpose was to photograph clothing fashions. Diane Arbus was the stylist. She would prepare the hair and faces of the fashion models who wore the clothing being photographed. Allan Arbus took the pictures. \n\nThe couple soon had jobs from important fashion magazines such as \"Vogue\" and \"Harper's Bazaar\". Their work was very successful during the 1950s. They became part of a group of artists that were helping to redefine visual culture. They were breaking with past traditions to create a new look for a new decade, the sixties. \n\nBut Diane was not satisfied with her secondary role. She wanted a more active part in making photographs. She wanted to explore her own artistic expression and freedom. To do this, she stopped working with her husband. Then she started taking photography classes at the New School in New York City. \n\nArbus' teacher, Lisette Model, influenced her in many ways. She showed Diane how to use a camera like an expert. She also taught Diane to use her art to face her doubts and fears. Miss Model once said that Diane soon started \"not listening to me but suddenly listening to herself.\"", "question": "What significant item did Allan Arbus give to Diane Arbus?", "context": "Allan Arbus gave a camera to Diane Arbus.", "based_on_pattern": "(Allan Arbus)-[GAVE_CAMERA_TO]->(Diane Arbus)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0336", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \" \" From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \" is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets.", "question": "During which time of year are Consumer Electronics considered the most wanted gift?", "context": "Consumer Electronics are considered the most wanted gift during the Holiday Season.", "based_on_pattern": "(Consumer Electronics)-[IS_MOST_WANTED_GIFT_DURING]->(Holiday Season)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0337", "coqa_story": "There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century. \n\nIn 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India.In order to reduce fraud , he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist . Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called \"Fingerprints\", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system--the first existence. \n\nAround the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, _ matched Rojas' exactly.She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy . It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries. \n\nSir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.", "question": "Who is he a cousin of?", "context": "Henry Faulds is cousin of Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin is cousin of Sir Francis Galton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry Faulds)-[is cousin of]->(Charles Darwin) || (Charles Darwin)-[is cousin of]->(Sir Francis Galton)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0338", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XIX \n\nDEFEAT OF THE ENGLISH \n\nThe explosion of the musket had been so unexpected that for the moment Dave and Henry hardly knew what had happened. Dave felt something hit him on the bottom of his left cheek and putting up his hand withdrew it covered with blood. Henry, too, was hit by a flying fragment of the gun barrel which clipped off a lock of his hair. Poor Barringford lay like one dead. \n\nBefore Dave could recover the Indians were on them, whooping as if their very lives depended upon it. One threw a tomahawk at Dave, but the aim was poor and the weapon buried itself in the log which had sheltered our friends. \n\nBut just at this moment, when all seemed lost, the battleground shifted and instantly thirty or forty English red-coats burst from the woods directly behind the Indians. A volley rang out and four of the redmen pitched forward, shot through the back. Other bullets hit the log behind which our friends lay, but Dave, Henry, and Barringford were not touched. \n\nAttacked so unexpectedly from a new quarter, the Indians appeared dazed. They attempted to turn upon the English soldiers, but when two more were laid low, they fled to one side, where there was a dense growth of walnuts. The soldiers at once made after them, and another skirmish took place in the forest. \n\n\"Are you hurt much, Sam?\" asked Henry, when he had recovered sufficiently to speak. \n\n\"I--I reckon not,\" was the gasped-out answer, after a long silence. Barringford opened his eyes and gazed ruefully at the gun stock which lay at his feet. \"Busted! Well, by gum! Didn't think Old Trusty would do it nohow. Ain't ye ashamed?\" And he shook his head dolefully. He had carried the firearm for many years, as our old readers know, and to have it \"go back on him\" like this hurt him more than had the explosion. ", "question": "Where did the English Red-Coats emerge from?", "context": "The English Red-Coats emerged from the woods.", "based_on_pattern": "(English Red-Coats)-[EMERGED_FROM]->(Woods)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0339", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "What function does mosquito netting serve in relation to a cat and a bassinet?", "context": "Mosquito netting keeps a cat out of the bassinet.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mosquito Netting)-[KEEPS_OUT_OF_BASSINET]->(Cat)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0340", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St, Chicago \n\nBasic Photography \n\nThis is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50. Jan.10,12,17,19, Tues. & Thurs. 6:00~8:00 p.m. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers \n\nThis twelve-hour course is for people who don't know very much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge:$75. Equipment charge:$10. Jan.14,21,28, Sat. 6:00~10:00 p.m. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nTyping \n\nThis course on week-days is for typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge:$125. Materials charge:$25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have effectively taught typing courses before. \n\nOil Painting \n\nOil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll in this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together--with the teacher's knowledge and your passion--we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5,12,19,26, Thurs. 2:00---5:00pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here.", "question": "What is the equipment charge for the Understanding Computers course?", "context": "The equipment charge for the Understanding Computers course is $10.", "based_on_pattern": "(Understanding Computers)-[HAS_EQUIPMENT_CHARGE]->(10)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0341", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "Who wrote it?", "context": "Unbroken was written by Laura Hillenbrand. Freedom was written by Jonathan Franzen. Just Kids was written by Patti Smith. Cleopatra: A Life was written by Stacy Schiff. A Visit From The Goon Squad was written by Jennifer Egan. The Imperfectionists was written by Tom Rachman.", "based_on_pattern": "(Unbroken)-[written by]->(Laura Hillenbrand) || (Freedom)-[written by]->(Jonathan Franzen) || (Just Kids)-[written by]->(Patti Smith) || (Cleopatra: A Life)-[written by]->(Stacy Schiff) || (A Visit From The Goon Squad)-[written by]->(Jennifer Egan) || (The Imperfectionists)-[written by]->(Tom Rachman)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0342", "coqa_story": "There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century. \n\nIn 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India.In order to reduce fraud , he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist . Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called \"Fingerprints\", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system--the first existence. \n\nAround the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, _ matched Rojas' exactly.She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy . It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries. \n\nSir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.", "question": "What was his profession?", "context": "Juan Vucetich was a Police Officer. Sir Francis Galton was a Eugenicist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Juan Vucetich)-[was a]->(Police Officer) || (Sir Francis Galton)-[was a]->(Eugenicist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0343", "coqa_story": "Nora, a 17-year-old American, notices that when she has to do a paper for school and researches it on the Internet, she rarely reads a whole page and does deep reading. \"I'll read the beginning of a paragraph and then I'll skip the rest,\" she says. While Nora's mother, Martha, loves sitting down with a good book and reading carefully, her daughter may be the wave of the future. \"Deep reading\", or slow reading, is a process in which people think carefully while they read. With most, that means slowing down --- even stopping and rereading a page or paragraph to really understand what the author is trying to say. Last summer, Google CEO Eric Schmidt said he was concerned about what he sees as a decline in slow reading. Instant messages and 140-character tweets appear to be reducing out ability to concentrate on a single idea or theme of a book, he told Foreign Policy Magazine. It's easy to forget the benefits of deep reading in an age when anything worth doing is done fast. Experts warn that without deep reading, it is impossible to be an educated person of the world, a knowledgeable voter or even an imaginative thinker. \"If you want to have a deep relationship with a text and understand a complex idea, then slow reading is a preferred style. It is good for pleasure, too. It is not a rushed experience and you can lose yourself in a text,\" said Canadian writer John Miedema, the author of the book Slow Reading. US' Ohlone College English professor Cynthia Lee Katona says reading is a highly social activity that builds the mind and social connections. If you read, she says, you simply know more and have more to talk about with friends, partners and people you know. Deep reading can also take a reader on a trip around the world even if they are sitting in a living room armchair, Katona says. Also, deep reading helps people develop thinking, writing and conversation skills. \"If you like beautiful things, authors put words together that are really beautiful and expressive,\" she says. \"If you want to write well--- and there are lots of reasons to express yourself clearly --- you should read.\"", "question": "What is their nationality?", "context": "Nora is American. John Miedema is Canadian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nora)-[has nationality]->(American) || (John Miedema)-[has nationality]->(Canadian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0344", "coqa_story": "It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man.Over the phone ,his mother told him,\"Mr.Belser died last night ,The funeral is Wednesday.\"Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. \n\nWhen Jack was very young ,his father died.Mr Belser,who lived in the same neighborhood with them,spent as much time as he could to make sure Jack had a man's influence in his life.He spent a lot of time teachimg Jack he thought what was important in his following life.If Mr.Belser hadn' taught him how to weave,he wouldn't be in this business now.So he promised his mother he would attend Mr.Belser's funeral. \n\n\"You'd better not drive your car.It's a long way.\"his mother warned him. \n\nBusy as he was,he kept his word.Though tired from the earliest flight,Jack tried his best to help.Mr.Belser's funeral was small because he had no children of his own and most of his s had passed away. \n\nThe night before he had to return home,Jack and his mother stopped by to see the old house Mr.Belser once lived.Now it belonged to him.He bought the house from one of his s. \n\nThe house was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories.Every picture,every piece of furniture... Jadk stopped suddenly. \n\nThe box on his desk was gone!He once asked the old man what was inside.He just smiled and said it was the most valuable thing to him,though it almost cost nothing to others.He figured that someone from the Belser family had taken it .\"I will never know what was so valuable to him.\"Jack thought disappotntedly. \n\nThree days later returning home from work,Jack discovered a small package in his mailbox. \n\nThe handwriting was difficult to read,but the return address caught his attention.\"Mr.Harold Belser\"it read. \n\nJack couldn't wait to open it .Inside lay the familiar small box.His heart racing,Jack unlocked the box.Inside he found a gold pocket watch with these words engraved:\"Jack,Thanks for your time!Harold Belser.\" \n\n\"The thing he valued most was my time.\"Jack held the watch before his chest,tears filling his eyes.", "question": "Besides being his neighbor and mentor, what specific skill did Mr. Belser teach Jack?", "context": "Mr. Belser taught weaving to Jack.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Belser)-[TAUGHT_WEAVING_TO]->(Jack)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0345", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3:-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad; neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To new comers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the translation of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . \"Everyone should just relax\", say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing, has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mails, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than their parents.\" Linguist James says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents. They too will think this way. James argues that languages do not and cannot become corrupted. They simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, aged 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun. \"", "question": "Which university is Geoffrey Nurberg affiliated with?", "context": "Geoffrey Nurberg is affiliated with Stanford University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Geoffrey Nurberg)-[AFFILIATED_WITH]->(Stanford University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0346", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who is she the mother of?", "context": "Rufus Johnson'S Mother is mother of Rufus Johnson. Sheppard'S Wife is mother of Norton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rufus Johnson'S Mother)-[is mother of]->(Rufus Johnson) || (Sheppard'S Wife)-[is mother of]->(Norton)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0347", "coqa_story": "Soccer star David Beckham will be there with his pop star wife Victoria. Elton John is attending with partner David Furnish. \n\nThe guest list for the April 29 union of Prince William and Kate Middleton is still being kept secret, but details have begun to leak out, with some coming forward to say they are attending and the Mail on Sunday newspaper claiming to have the official invitation roster . \n\nThe palace dismissed the newspaper's list as speculation Sunday. \n\nIt won't be clear until the day how the royal couple has balanced the protocol demands that they invite statesmen, diplomats, religious leaders, politicians and the like with invitations to the people they really want to see, particularly the crowd they made friends with when they met and fell in love at St. Andrews University in Scotland. \n\nKate Reardon, editor of high-society magazine Tatler, said many _ Britons acted as if they didn't really care about receiving an invitation while secretly checking the mail every day to see if the invitation had arrived. \n\n\"Everyone's been hoping,\" she said. \n\nWilliam and Middleton have showed their modern side by inviting a number of close friends, including some former sweethearts, the newspaper said. \n\nThe wedding is not technically a state event, which somewhat limits the protocol requirements applied to the guest list. But royal obligations still order that a large number of the 1,900 or so seats go to guests from the world of politics, not actual friends of the couple. \n\nThe couple have also invited many guests from the charities they work with, and Middleton has used her influence to invite the butcher, shopkeeper and pub owner from her home village of Bucklebury. \n\nPresident Barack Obama and his wife Michelle were not invited and many other international leaders are also expected to be watching on TV, not from a seat at Westminster Abbey. \n\nIt is not clear if treasured Brits from the world of stage and screen and pop music will be on the list.", "question": "Who is his spouse?", "context": "Barack Obama has spouse Michelle Obama. David Beckham has spouse Victoria.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[has spouse]->(Michelle Obama) || (David Beckham)-[has spouse]->(Victoria)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0348", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "Which university did Noah Webster graduate from?", "context": "Noah Webster graduated from Yale University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Noah Webster)-[GRADUATED_FROM]->(Yale University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0349", "coqa_story": "Birmingham is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County. The city's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census. In the 2010 US Census, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population. \n\nBirmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It was named for Birmingham, England, the UK's second largest city and then major industrial city. The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center, based on mining, the new iron and steel industry, and railroading. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city was developed as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast. \n\nFrom its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States. Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as \"The Magic City\" and \"The Pittsburgh of the South\". Its major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry. Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. Since the 1860s, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham. The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century. Banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have become major economic activities. Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast.", "question": "After which city in England was Birmingham named?", "context": "Birmingham was named after Birmingham, England.", "based_on_pattern": "(Birmingham)-[NAMED_AFTER]->(Birmingham, England)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0350", "coqa_story": "Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. \n\nSome RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function where RNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) then links amino acids together to form proteins. \n\nLike DNA, most biologically active RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, contain self-complementary sequences that allow parts of the RNA to fold and pair with itself to form double helices. Analysis of these RNAs has revealed that they are highly structured. Unlike DNA, their structures do not consist of long double helices, but rather collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins. In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis (like enzymes). For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome\u00e2\u20ac\u201dan enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation\u00e2\u20ac\u201drevealed that its active site is composed entirely of RNA.", "question": "What does it catalyze?", "context": "Ribosome catalyzes Peptide Bond Formation. Ribonucleic Acid catalyzes Biological Reaction.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ribosome)-[catalyzes]->(Peptide Bond Formation) || (Ribonucleic Acid)-[catalyzes]->(Biological Reaction)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0351", "coqa_story": "Chapter XVII \n\nThe King's Blood Hound \n\nThe only other event which occurred throughout the winter was the arrival of a fishing boat with a messenger from one of the king's adherents, and the news which he brought filled them with sorrow and dismay. Kildrummy had been threatened with a siege, and the queen, Bruce's sisters Christine and Mary, his daughter Marjory, and the other ladies accompanying them, deemed it prudent to leave the castle and take refuge in the sanctuary of St. Duthoc, in Ross shire. \n\nThe sanctuary was violated by the Earl of Ross and his followers, and the ladies and their escort delivered up to Edward's lieutenants and sent to England. The knights and squires who formed the escort were all executed, and the ladies committed to various places of confinement, where most of them remained in captivity of the strictest and most rigorous kind until after the battle of Bannockburn, eight years later. The Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Bruce at Scone, and who was one of the party captured at St. Duthoc, received even fouler treatment, by Edward's especial orders, being placed in a cage on one of the turrets of Berwick Castle so constructed that she could be seen by all who passed; and in this cruel imprisonment she was kept like a wild beast for seven long years by a Christian king whom his admirers love to hold up as a model of chivalry. \n\nKildrummy had been besieged and taken by treachery. The king's brother, Nigel Bruce, was carried to Berwick, and was there hanged and beheaded. Christopher Seaton and his brother Alexander, the Earl of Athole, Sir Simon Fraser, Sir Herbert de Moreham, Sir David Inchmartin, Sir John Somerville, Sir Walter Logan, and many other Scotchmen of noble degree, had also been captured and executed, their only offence being that they had fought for their country. ", "question": "Who is he the brother of?", "context": "Alexander Seaton is brother of Christopher Seaton. Nigel Bruce is brother of Bruce.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alexander Seaton)-[is brother of]->(Christopher Seaton) || (Nigel Bruce)-[is brother of]->(Bruce)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0352", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "What did he discover?", "context": "Ralph Steinman discovered Dendritic Cell. Robin Warren discovered Helicobacter Pylori.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ralph Steinman)-[discovered]->(Dendritic Cell) || (Robin Warren)-[discovered]->(Helicobacter Pylori)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0353", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- A second former co-owner of the California slaughterhouse involved in a recall of nearly nine million pounds of meat was charged with knowingly processing and distributing meat from cancerous cows, court documents released this week say. \n\nRobert Singleton, co-owner of the Rancho Feeding Corporation in Petaluma, was primarily responsible for purchasing cattle and loading shipments for distribution, prosecutors say. \n\nHe is charged with distributing \"adulterated, misbranded, and uninspected\" meat, according to the documents. \n\nSingleton jointly owned the meat plant with Jesse J. Amaral Jr., the former president and general manager who is also known as also known as \"Babe Amaral.\" \n\nAmaral and his former employees, Felix Sandoval Cabrera and Eugene Corda, have all been charged with unlawful sale and distribution of contaminated meat. \n\nProsecutors allege that Amaral and Singleton directed Corda and Cabrera to circumvent inspection procedures for certain cows with signs of epithelioma of the eye, also known as \"cancer eye.\" \n\nWhile Singleton is accused of knowingly purchasing cattle with signs of epithelioma, Amaral allegedly directed employees to carve \"USDA Condemned\" stamps out of certain cow carcasses and to process them for sale and distribution, despite having been rejected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian. \n\nAmaral is also charged with sending false invoices to farmers, telling them that their cattle had died or been condemned and charging them \"handling fees\" for disposal of the carcasses, instead of compensating them for the sale price, prosecutors said. \n\nIf convicted, Singleton faces up to three years imprisonment, with one year of supervised release, and a $10,000 fine. Amaral, Cabrera and Corda could receive up to 20 years in prison and $250,000 in fines. ", "question": "What is it also known as?", "context": "Jesse J. Amaral Jr. is also known as Babe Amaral. Epithelioma Of The Eye is also known as Cancer Eye.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jesse J. Amaral Jr.)-[also known as]->(Babe Amaral) || (Epithelioma Of The Eye)-[also known as]->(Cancer Eye)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0354", "coqa_story": "\"It's this time of year when the weather starts warming up and frogs start breeding - but they haven't been breeding,\" says John Wilkinson, research and monitoring officer at the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC). \n\nAmphibians are just one of the groups of animals that nature observers fear may have problems reproducing this year, as groundwater levels are even lower now than in the infamously dry summer of 1976, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). According to the UK's Centre for Hydrology and Ecology the average rainfall so far this winter has been the lowest since 1972. \n\n\"If ponds dry up totally,\" says Mr. Wilkinson, \"you could have lots of dead tadpoles.\" Drier and windier conditions could also make it more difficult for juvenile amphibians to survive their journeys between wet habitats. \n\nBut Peter Brotherton, the biodiversity manager for Natural England, says that \"drought is part of nature's cycle\", and, at present, a lot of animals, plants and insects are still in hibernation. This means that the population picture is unclear. \"However, when we get extreme events, we get animals dying,\" he says. \"And what is worrying is that normally at this time of year we expect soil to be near saturation after winter.\" \n\nCharlie Kitchin, the RSPB's site manager of the Nene Washes in Cambridgeshire, says the 2,000-acre wetland and grassland area is now struggling following two winters with relatively little winter rain and no flooding. One species that could suffer, he says, is the black-tailed godwit . \"There are only 50 breeding pairs in the country, and we have 40 of them, and everything is bone-dry,\" Mr Kitchin says. \n\nBut one bad nesting season, he says, is \"not the end of the world\". \"One of the features of flood plains is that they're _ anyway,\" he adds. \"But if they fail to breed another year, the population is likely to dip again.\"", "question": "What is his role?", "context": "Charlie Kitchin has the role of Site Manager. Peter Brotherton has the role of Biodiversity Manager. John Wilkinson has the role of Research And Monitoring Officer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charlie Kitchin)-[has role]->(Site Manager) || (Peter Brotherton)-[has role]->(Biodiversity Manager) || (John Wilkinson)-[has role]->(Research And Monitoring Officer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0355", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "What is their profession?", "context": "Kurt Maetzig is a Director. Heesters is an Opera Singer. Oscar Niemeyer is an Architect. Oliveira is a Film Director. Rita Levi-Montalcini is a Scientist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kurt Maetzig)-[has profession]->(Director) || (Heesters)-[has profession]->(Opera Singer) || (Oscar Niemeyer)-[has profession]->(Architect) || (Oliveira)-[has profession]->(Film Director) || (Rita Levi-Montalcini)-[has profession]->(Scientist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0356", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- The Virginia governor's race has often been looked to as an off-year barometer of national political sentiment. \n\nThis year's grind-it-out race, an acrimonious spitball contest between two candidates only slightly more likeable than Walter White, is anything but. \n\nIn a lesser-of-two-evils campaign, Terry McAuliffe, the longtime Democratic fundraiser and confidante to former President Bill Clinton, is clinging to a modest but sturdy lead over Republican Ken Cuccinelli, the state's attorney general. \n\nRepublicans have pilloried McAuliffe as a sleazy political operator and failed businessman who exploited his Washington connections to help his sputtering car company, GreenTech Automotive. Cuccinelli has been targeted as a far-right social crusader who would curb abortion rights and access to contraception. Democrats on Twitter are fond of calling him #creepyken. \n\nMcAuliffe is leading Cuccinelli among likely voters by an eight-point margin, 47% to 39%, according to a Washington Post poll out this week. \n\nMcAuliffe is hardly bulletproof: A federal investigation into GreenTech has sullied his reputation, and only two-thirds of Democrats -- his own party -- consider him \"honest and trustworthy.\" \n\nBut Cuccinelli is on much shakier ground. While Republicans are slightly more fired up about voting for him than Democrats are for McAuliffe, Cuccinelli's favorable ratings are next-to-toxic: More than half of likely voters view him unfavorably. \n\nEnter Robert Sarvis. \n\nAs public dismay with the two main candidates calcifies, the baby-faced 37-year old Libertarian candidate from Fairfax has quietly crept northward in the polls, reaching 10% in the Post poll. \n\nThat's not nearly enough to win in November -- with just five weeks until Election Day, even Sarvis admits \"we have to get a lot higher\" -- but he looks increasingly likely to play the role of spoiler by siphoning conservative votes away from Cuccinelli. ", "question": "How did the investigation into Greentech Automotive affect Terry McAuliffe's reputation?", "context": "The investigation into Greentech Automotive sullied Terry McAuliffe's reputation.", "based_on_pattern": "(Greentech Automotive)-[INVESTIGATION_SULLIED_REPUTATION_OF]->(Terry Mcauliffe)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0357", "coqa_story": "After much thought,I came up with a brilliant plan.I worked out a way for Rich to meet my mother and win her over.In fact,I arranged it so my mother would want to cook a meal especially for him. \n\nRich was not only not Chinese and he was a few years younger than I was.And unfortunately,he looked much younger with his curly red hair,smooth pale skin,and the splash of orange freckles across his nose.He was a bit on the short side,compactly built.In his dark business suits,he looked nice but easily forgettable,which was why I didn't notice him the first year we worked together at the firm.But my mother noticed everything. \n\n\"So what do you think of Rich?\"I finally asked,holding my breath. \n\nShe tossed the eggplant in the hot oil,angry hissing sound.\"So many spots on his face,\"she said. \n\n\"They are freckles.Freckles are good luck.\"I said a bit too heatedly in trying to raise my voice above the noise of the kitchen. \n\n\"Oh?\"She said innocently. \n\n\"Yes,the more spots the better.\" \n\nShe considered this a moment and then smiled and spoke in Chinese:\"When you were young,you got the chicken pox.So many spots,you had to stay home for ten days.So lucky,you thought.\" \n\nI couldn't save Rich in the kitchen.And I couldn't save him later at the dinner table. \n\nWhen I offered Rich a fork,he insisted on using the slippery ivory chopsticks.Halfway between his plate and his open mouth,a large chunk of redcooked eggplant fell on his brand new white shirt. \n\nAnd then he helped himself to big portions of the shrimp and snow peas,not realizing he should have taken only a polite spoonful. \n\nHe declined the new greens,the tender and expensive leaves of bean plants.He thought he was being polite by refusing seconds,when he should have followed my father's example,who made a big show of taking small portions of seconds,thirds and even fourths,always saying he couldn't resist another bite and then groaning he was so full he thought he would burst. \n\nBut the worst was when Rich criticized my mother's cooking and he didn't even know what he had done.As is the Chinese cook's custom,my mother always made modest remarks about her own cooking.That night she chose to direct it toward her famous steamed pork and preserved vegetable dish,which she always served with special pride. \n\n\"Ai!This dish not salty enough,no flavor,\"she complained,after tasting a small bite. \n\nThis was our family's cue to eat more and proclaim it the best she had ever made.But before we could do so,Rich said,\"You know,all it needs is a little soy sauce.\"And he proceeded to pour a riverful of the salty black stuff on the china plate,right before my mother's horrified eyes. \n\nAnd even though I was hoping throughout the dinner that my mother would somehow see Rich's kindness,his sense of humor and boyish charm.I knew he had failed miserably in her eyes. \n\nRich obviously had a different opinion on how the evening had gone.When we got home,I was still shuddering, _ remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents'hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients.\"Linda,Tim,\"he said,\"we'll see you again.\"My parents'names are Lindo and Tin Jong,and nobody except a few older family friends ever calls them by their first names. \n\n\"What did she say when you told her?\"I knew he was referring to our getting married. \n\n\"I never had a chance,\"I said,which was true.How could I have told my mother I was getting married,when at every possible moment we were alone,she seemed to remark on how pale and ill he looked. \n\nRich was smiling.\"How long does it take to say,Mom,Dad,I am getting married?\" \n\n\"You don't understand.You don't understand my mother.\"", "question": "What are their names?", "context": "The Father's name is Tin Jong. The Mother's name is Lindo.", "based_on_pattern": "(Father)-[has name]->(Tin Jong) || (Mother)-[has name]->(Lindo)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0358", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr3:-@ kids FTF. ILNY, it's gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad; neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To new comers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the translation of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York. It's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . \"Everyone should just relax\", say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing, has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mails, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than their parents.\" Linguist James says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents. They too will think this way. James argues that languages do not and cannot become corrupted. They simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, aged 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun. \"", "question": "Which university is he affiliated with?", "context": "David Crystal is affiliated with the University Of Wales. Geoffrey Nurberg is affiliated with Stanford University.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales) || (Geoffrey Nurberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0359", "coqa_story": "Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8\u00c2\u00a0million (2.6\u00c2\u00a0million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3\u00c2\u00a0million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger. \n\nApart from being regarded as the \"City of Music\" because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be \"The City of Dreams\" because it was home to the world's first psycho-analyst \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Sigmund Freud. The city's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city, and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstra\u00c3\u0178e lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.", "question": "What was it the capital of?", "context": "Vienna was the capital of Austria. Medieval And Baroque City was the capital of Austro-Hungarian Empire.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vienna)-[capital of]->(Austria) || (Medieval And Baroque City)-[capital of]->(Austro-Hungarian Empire)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0360", "coqa_story": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\", and as the group's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s. \n\nThe Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962. They acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\" as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, and by early 1964 became international stars, leading the \"British Invasion\" of the United States pop market. From 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums \"Rubber Soul\" (1965), \"Revolver\" (1966), \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" (1967), \"The Beatles\" (commonly known as the White Album, 1968) and \"Abbey Road\" (1969). After their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the surviving members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001.", "question": "When was it released?", "context": "Love Me Do was released in 1962. Revolver was released in 1966. Rubber Soul was released in 1965. Sgt. Pepper'S Lonely Hearts Club Band was released in 1967. The Beatles (The White Album) was released in 1968. Abbey Road was released in 1969.", "based_on_pattern": "(Love Me Do)-[released in]->(1962) || (Revolver)-[released in]->(1966) || (Rubber Soul)-[released in]->(1965) || (Sgt. Pepper'S Lonely Hearts Club Band)-[released in]->(1967) || (The Beatles (The White Album))-[released in]->(1968) || (Abbey Road)-[released in]->(1969)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0361", "coqa_story": "There's nothing like experiencing history to understand it.So instead of reading about the U.S.Civil War in textbooks,some schoolchildren in Virginia are creating videos related to the conflict,in which the northern Union and southern Confederate states fought over several issues,including slavery,from l861--1865. \n\nIn one scene, children act as two Union generals, meeting at the Kaploan Klver in central Virginia.The l2-and l3-year-olds are producing a mini--video on the key role temporary pontoon bridges played during the war.After building and crossing a pontoon bridge,Union soldiers defeated a Confederate army in the Battle of the Wilderness. \n\nIn another scene,students act as soldiers who are marching to the river with guns.Today,the area is part of a national military park.Park Educational Coordinator Peter Maugle shows the children how to hold the fake guns.\"Hopefully they will understand why these places are important through projects and programs like this,and they will make an effort to keep these places preserved for future generations,''he said. \n\nAnother background is a plantation where much of the Battle of the Wilderness was fought. At this location,another group of children is focusing on the diary of a woman who lived in the region during the war.Student director John Ashley says the experience has made him think more about the human aspect of the war.Filmmaker Ghil Hong donated his time to help the students, who have understood it quickly.\"They are trying to convey the emotions during the Civil War.They really focus on wanting the story to be accurate,''Hong added. \n\nWith help from advisors,the children also research,write,and edit the videos.Alexis Albert got a chance to try out directing and learned a lot about Civil War history in the process. \"It helps me more as a student understand it more than reading a book and looking at words,\"he said. \n\nThe project is sponsored by the Journey Through Hallowed Ground,which raises awareness of historical sites from Pennsylvania to Virginia, including many Civil War battlegrounds.", "question": "What role does he have?", "context": "John Ashley has the role of Student Director. Ghil Hong has the role of Filmmaker. Peter Maugle has the role of Park Educational Coordinator.", "based_on_pattern": "(John Ashley)-[has role]->(Student Director) || (Ghil Hong)-[has role]->(Filmmaker) || (Peter Maugle)-[has role]->(Park Educational Coordinator)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0362", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "Who did Karen Blixen have an affair with?", "context": "Karen Blixen had an affair with Denys.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karen Blixen)-[HAD_AFFAIR_WITH]->(Denys)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0363", "coqa_story": "Roman Britain ( or, later, \"\", \"the Britains\") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410\u00c2\u00a0AD. \n\nJulius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54\u00c2\u00a0BC as part of his Gallic Wars. The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25\u00c2\u00a0BC. In 40\u00c2\u00a0AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells. Three years later, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain (). By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward. \n\nUnder the 2nd century emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, two walls were built to defend the Roman province from the Caledonians, whose realms in the Scottish Highlands were never directly controlled. Around 197, the Severan Reforms divided Britain into two provinces: Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior. During the Diocletian Reforms, at the end of the 3rd century, Britannia was divided into four provinces under the direction of a vicarius, who administered the . A fifth province, Valentia, is attested in the later 4th century. For much of the later period of the Roman occupation, Britannia was subject to barbarian invasions and often came under the control of imperial usurpers and imperial pretenders. The final Roman withdrawal from Britain occurred around 410; the native kingdoms are considered to have formed Sub-Roman Britain after that.", "question": "What were they a part of?", "context": "Julius Caesar was part of the Gallic Wars. Valentia was part of Britannia. The Britons were part of the British Iron Age.", "based_on_pattern": "(Julius Caesar)-[part of]->(Gallic Wars) || (Valentia)-[part of]->(Britannia) || (Britons)-[part of]->(British Iron Age)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0364", "coqa_story": "Much has been said and written recently about heroes, mainly because many people think we have too few of them. There are many different kinds of heroes, but they all seem to have two things in common. First, heroes, by their actions, show the great possibilities of human nature. Second, heroes can also stand the test of time, and their achievements will not be easily forgotten. Because of these good points, we need to choose our heroes carefully. Olympic sports star Jackie Joyner-Kersee, who is believed to be a hero, warns young people to be careful of making athletes heroes. She hopes that if someone tries to copy her, it will be because she has achieved her goals by working hard. Joyner-Kersee says that a hero should be someone who has an influence on another person's life. Poet Maya Angelou believes that a hero encourages people to treat others well and to be concerned about the greater good. A hero should show politeness, courage, patience, and strength all the time. A hero should encourage others to follow him with actions that improve the world, even if only in small ways. Author Daniel Boorstin suggests that, \" _ are people who make news, but heroes are people who make history.\" Thus, if a person is truly worthy to be called a hero, he or she will not be soon forgotten. We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day -- relatives , friends, and neighbors -- who will keep going when it is easier to give up. The parent who puts her or his family ahead of herself or himself, the teacher who will make more money at another job but chooses to help others -- all these people can be considered as heroes. A hero quietly and continuously sets a good example, an example that inspires others to follow.", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Daniel Boorstin is an Author. Maya Angelou is a Poet. Jackie Joyner-Kersee is an Olympic Sports Star.", "based_on_pattern": "(Daniel Boorstin)-[has occupation]->(Author) || (Maya Angelou)-[has occupation]->(Poet) || (Jackie Joyner-Kersee)-[has occupation]->(Olympic Sports Star)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0365", "coqa_story": "Below are reviews for three books and two book series. Each has been read and loved by students across the country. \n\nThe Outsiders \n\nThis book, first published in 1967. has become a classic for teens across the nation. It focuses on Ponyboy , who has been labeled all his life as a greaser. The greaser's opposing group is the \" socs \". kids who have lots of money and can break any rules without getting in trouble. As the novel develops, S. E. Hinton allows the reader to see exactly how these labels affect teens in both the greaser and the soc group. \n\nIf you've ever watched the movie The Outsiders, this story may sound familiar, as the movie was based on the book . The Outsiders gives teens a look into life in the 50's and 60's, offering timeless lessons that still apply to today's youth. \n\nOut of the Dust \n\nAny student interested in the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl should read Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse. Hesse is able to capture the mood and spirit of this era through the use of poetry. The main character of the book, Billie Jo, is growing up in Oklahoma, the heart of the Dust Bowl. Through free verse poetry, Billie Jo narrates her tale of poverty and survival during this difficult time. \n\nOut of the Dust is an excellent lesson in history . Due to the short length and writing style, the book is a quick but worthwhile read. By the end of the book, the reader is eager to start the story over again . Hesse is able to pack a lot of emotions and details into her short book , making the story very real and believable. \n\nThe Giver \n\nThe Giver depicts a perfect society in which citizens experience no pain, have never felt fear, and life is completely under control. However, as the reader progresses through the story, it's easy to see that this community is far from utopia . Instead, through the experiences felt by the main character Jonas, the reader learns there is a missing from life in this world.. \n\nDuring the Ceremony of the Twelves, each 12--year --old is assigned their life --long career in the community . Jonas is chosen to be the Receiver of Memories, a very special job assigned to one person at a time . When Jonas receives his training . he learns many truths about his community that change how he feels about his life, making him determined to do something to change it . \n\nThe Giver is a good book for teens who enjoy science fiction and fantasy. The book makes you examine your own life, values, and beliefs, striving to find how you would define the perfect society. \n\nAnne of Green Gables \n\nThis eight-book series depicts the life of Anne Shirley, an orphan that is adopted in Prince Edward Island, Canada . The books are set in the 1800s to the 1900s, the last one taking place during World War I. Anne is a loveable spirit who has many misfortunes and laughable experiences when growing up and going to college. \n\nThe Anne of Green Gables series is fun to read. creating a strong attachment to the reader and making the last book a bitter -sweet experience. Teenage girls who are looking for a female role model will love Anne Shirley. \n\nHarry Potter \n\nJ. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series has sold more copies than any other series in history. The series , which includes seven books in all , fallows a boy wizard named Harry Potter. \n\nHarry attends Hogwarts School of Witcheraft and Wizardy. The seven books follow Harry through seven years of wizarding school . During this time , readers experience the wizarding world through Harry's eyes and watch him make friends. Learn magic and fight a wizard. \n\nThe Harry Potter books are an enchanting read for all ages. No matter who you are. you will find yourself absorbed in the magical world created by J. K. Rowling.", "question": "Which state is considered the heart of the Dust Bowl region?", "context": "Oklahoma is considered the heart of the Dust Bowl region.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oklahoma)-[IS_HEART_OF]->(Dust Bowl)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0366", "coqa_story": "The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the \u00c5\u0161rama\u00e1\u00b9\u2021a movement; the decline of \u00c5\u0161rauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. \n\nEvidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.", "question": "Which civilization is known to have followed the Indus Valley Civilization?", "context": "The Iron Age Vedic Civilization followed the Indus Valley Civilization.", "based_on_pattern": "(Indus Valley Civilization)-[FOLLOWED_BY]->(Iron Age Vedic Civilization)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0367", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "When was it released?", "context": "Life Is Beautiful was released in 1997. Shine was released in 1996. My Left Foot was released in 1989. Stand And Deliver was released in 1988.", "based_on_pattern": "(Life Is Beautiful)-[released in]->(1997) || (Shine)-[released in]->(1996) || (My Left Foot)-[released in]->(1989) || (Stand And Deliver)-[released in]->(1988)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0368", "coqa_story": "All antidepressant drugs are not created equal, according to the authors of one of the few studies that have ever systematically analyzed and compared \"new generation\" medicines for treating depression. \n\nWhat qualities are important in an anti-depressant? Efficacy? Tolerance? Side effects? Cost? \n\nIn the analysis of 12 drugs, two came out on top as the most effective and best tolerated as first-line treatments: sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) rounded out the top four for effectiveness, but venlafaxine was also among the four drugs patients were most likely to quit taking because of side effects. Reboxetine (Edronax) was less effective than the rest. \n\nWhile psychiatrists treating depressed patients every day have had a sense of which medications are best, the current study \"nails it,\" says Sagar V. Parikh, M.D., of the University of Toronto. Parikh, who wrote a comment accompanying the study that is published in the current issue of The Lancet, says the findings have \"enormous implications\" because, for the first time, they offer doctors an evidence-based, unbiased way to recommend treatment. And, he adds, they give patients a \"gold standard of reliable information,\" especially since the study's authors plan to make their findings available free on the Web. \n\nNot so fast, says Gerald Gartlehner, M.D., M.P.H., who coauthored a review of the benefits and risks of the same 12 drugs published last November in the Annals of Internal Medicine. He and his colleagues concluded, based on their review done while Gartlehner was at the RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina., that there was no clinically meaningful evidence that any one of the drugs was better than the rest. Instead, they argued, decisions on which drug to use should be based on factors such as cost and side effects. ", "question": "What is the generic name for the antidepressant sold under the brand name Remeron?", "context": "The generic name for the antidepressant Remeron is Mirtazapine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Remeron)-[IS_BRAND_NAME_OF]->(Mirtazapine)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0369", "coqa_story": "\"Mobile phone killed my man,\" screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones could cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones could heat the brain. \n\nFor anyone who uses a mobile phone, these are worrying times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scares and you hear a different story. \n\nOne of the oddest effects comes from the now famous\"memory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the University of Bristol placed a device that imitated the microwave radiation of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were good at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities. \"I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,\" he says. \n\nAnother expert, Tattersall, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more -- rather than less -- receptive to undergoing changes linked to memory formation. \n\nAn even happier outcome would be that microwaves turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California found that mice exposed to microwaves for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical. \n\n\"If _ doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,\" says William. And while there's still no absolute evidence that mobile phone use does damage your memories or give you cancer, the conclusion is: don't be afraid.", "question": "What organization is he affiliated with?", "context": "Alan Preece is affiliated with the University Of Bristol. William Adey is affiliated with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alan Preece)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Bristol) || (William Adey)-[affiliated with]->(Veterans Affairs Medical Center)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0370", "coqa_story": "I'm flying high today after hearing the news that Bamboo People is a top ten book on the Best Fiction for Young Adults 2011 list from the American Library Association. Here are the top ten titles with annotations by YALSA librarians: *Bacigalupi, Paolo. Ship Breaker. Little, Brown, and Co. Nailer is a light crew cleaner tearing up old hulks of ships, living day to day, until a rich girl and her gleaming ship run ashore in a storm on the beach and his life gets more dangerous. *Donnelley, Jennifer. Revolution. Random House Children's Books/Delacorte. Haunted by the death of her brother, Andi is taken to Paris by her separated father where an encounter with a mysterious diary may bring her back from the edge. *Marchetta, Melina. Finnikin of the Rock. Candlewick. Finnikin and his fellow exiles from Lumatere wish to return to their cursed homeland. Finnikin must go on an epic journey with a dumb beginner named Evanjalin to return home. *Matson, Morgan. Amy and Roger's Epic Detour. Simon & Schuster. Amy and Roger must both learn to deal with loss while on a road trip across the country which doesn't go as expected. *McBride, Lish. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer. Macmillan Children's Book Group/Henry Holt. When Sam discovers he is a necromancer he must learn to control his power in order to defeat a powerful and corrupt opponent and save his friends. *Mulligan, Andy. Trash. David Fickling Books. Three garbage-picker boys find an item of great value to a corrupt politician on their rounds, setting off a tense hunt to see who will win. *Perkins, Mitali. Bamboo People. Chiko, a Burmese soldier and Tu Reh, a Kerenni refugee meet on opposite sides of war and each must learn what it means to be a man of his people. *Reinhardt, Dana. The Things a Brother Knows. Random House Children's Books/Wendy Lamb. Boaz is back and cheered as the hometown hero, but he is not at all the same. Can his younger brother Levi help him truly make his way home? *Saenz, Benjamin. Last Night I Sang to the Monster. Cinco Puntos Press, 2009. Weeks in therapy go by and 18-year-old Zach is still unable to remember the monstrous events that left him alone and haunted by nightmares. *Sedgwick, Marcus. Revolver. Roaring Brook Press. Sig is alone with his father's body when the lawless man his father had managed to escape appears out of the icy wilderness", "question": "What is he?", "context": "Tu Reh is a Kerenni Refugee. Sam is a Necromancer. Chiko is a Burmese Soldier.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tu Reh)-[is a]->(Kerenni Refugee) || (Sam)-[is a]->(Necromancer) || (Chiko)-[is a]->(Burmese Soldier)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0371", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "Who are they married to?", "context": "Claire is married to Phil. Phil is married to Claire. Jay is married to Gloria. Gloria is married to Jay.", "based_on_pattern": "(Claire)-[is married to]->(Phil) || (Phil)-[is married to]->(Claire) || (Jay)-[is married to]->(Gloria) || (Gloria)-[is married to]->(Jay)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0372", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- The Virginia governor's race has often been looked to as an off-year barometer of national political sentiment. \n\nThis year's grind-it-out race, an acrimonious spitball contest between two candidates only slightly more likeable than Walter White, is anything but. \n\nIn a lesser-of-two-evils campaign, Terry McAuliffe, the longtime Democratic fundraiser and confidante to former President Bill Clinton, is clinging to a modest but sturdy lead over Republican Ken Cuccinelli, the state's attorney general. \n\nRepublicans have pilloried McAuliffe as a sleazy political operator and failed businessman who exploited his Washington connections to help his sputtering car company, GreenTech Automotive. Cuccinelli has been targeted as a far-right social crusader who would curb abortion rights and access to contraception. Democrats on Twitter are fond of calling him #creepyken. \n\nMcAuliffe is leading Cuccinelli among likely voters by an eight-point margin, 47% to 39%, according to a Washington Post poll out this week. \n\nMcAuliffe is hardly bulletproof: A federal investigation into GreenTech has sullied his reputation, and only two-thirds of Democrats -- his own party -- consider him \"honest and trustworthy.\" \n\nBut Cuccinelli is on much shakier ground. While Republicans are slightly more fired up about voting for him than Democrats are for McAuliffe, Cuccinelli's favorable ratings are next-to-toxic: More than half of likely voters view him unfavorably. \n\nEnter Robert Sarvis. \n\nAs public dismay with the two main candidates calcifies, the baby-faced 37-year old Libertarian candidate from Fairfax has quietly crept northward in the polls, reaching 10% in the Post poll. \n\nThat's not nearly enough to win in November -- with just five weeks until Election Day, even Sarvis admits \"we have to get a lot higher\" -- but he looks increasingly likely to play the role of spoiler by siphoning conservative votes away from Cuccinelli. ", "question": "What effect did the investigation into Greentech Automotive have on Terry Mcauliffe's reputation?", "context": "The investigation into Greentech Automotive sullied the reputation of Terry Mcauliffe.", "based_on_pattern": "(Greentech Automotive)-[INVESTIGATION_SULLIED_REPUTATION_OF]->(Terry Mcauliffe)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0373", "coqa_story": "The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger\u00e2\u20ac\u201cCongo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family. \n\nSimilarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific Ocean were first observed in 1706 by the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the comparative method to the Austronesian languages, but the first comprehensive and extensive study on the phonological history of the Austronesian language family including a reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian lexicon was made by the German linguist Otto Dempwolff. The term Austronesian itself was coined by Wilhelm Schmidt (German \"austronesisch\") which comes from Latin \"auster\" \"south wind\" plus Greek \"n\u00c3\u00aasos\" \"island\". The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one Austronesian language, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), is spoken by 250 million people, making it the 8th most spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries (see the list of major and official Austronesian languages).", "question": "What was his nationality?", "context": "Otto Dempwolff was German. Adriaan Reland was Dutch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Otto Dempwolff)-[has nationality]->(German) || (Adriaan Reland)-[has nationality]->(Dutch)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0374", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "How does Miss Stacy provide academic support to Anne?", "context": "Miss Stacy helps Anne with her studies.", "based_on_pattern": "(Miss Stacy)-[HELPS_WITH_STUDIES]->(Anne)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0375", "coqa_story": "As Michael put each finger on the white laces of the football like his dad had shown him he thought about his school trip to the zoo tomorrow. He could not wait to get to the zoo and most of all could not wait to see his favorite animal, the lion. Aiming the football at the tire swing that hung in his back yard, he remembered the second thing his dad had taught him about throwing a football which was making sure his shoulder and the football were in a straight line before he threw it. He watched the football sail toward the tire, right as his mom called him in for dinner. His mom had made his favorite food, hotdogs. He sat in the kitchen and watched as ketchup fell on to his plate as he ate his hotdog. His mom told him that in order to get his after dinner treat he would have to eat his corn, carrots, and drink all of his milk too. \n\nThat night as his mom tucked him in to bed he starred out the window and wondered if the lions at the zoo were looking up at the moon too. Michael, wondered if his best friends Joe, Nick, and Ryan were as excited as he was about going to the zoo the next day. He closed his eyes and went to sleep. \n\nThe next day he hopped from one foot to the other as his class lined up to get on the bus that would take him to the zoo. On the bus he sat with Ryan. The bus driver started the engine and turned the big steering wheel leading them out on to the road. Finally, at the zoo Michael began to imagine how cool it would be to finally get to see the lion cage. First his class went to see the monkeys and then headed over to see the long necked giraffes. As their teacher announced that they would then be going to see the elephants, we wondered if he would ever get to see the lions. Finally after learning about the elephants it was time to see the lions. The lion stood on a huge rock and swung its long tail from side to side. The lion licked his lips with its long pink tongue and Michael wondered if it was thinking about having a class full of kids for its lunch.", "question": "What part does it have?", "context": "The Lion has a Tongue. The Bus has a Steering Wheel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lion)-[has part]->(Tongue) || (Bus)-[has part]->(Steering Wheel)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0376", "coqa_story": "All antidepressant drugs are not created equal, according to the authors of one of the few studies that have ever systematically analyzed and compared \"new generation\" medicines for treating depression. \n\nWhat qualities are important in an anti-depressant? Efficacy? Tolerance? Side effects? Cost? \n\nIn the analysis of 12 drugs, two came out on top as the most effective and best tolerated as first-line treatments: sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) rounded out the top four for effectiveness, but venlafaxine was also among the four drugs patients were most likely to quit taking because of side effects. Reboxetine (Edronax) was less effective than the rest. \n\nWhile psychiatrists treating depressed patients every day have had a sense of which medications are best, the current study \"nails it,\" says Sagar V. Parikh, M.D., of the University of Toronto. Parikh, who wrote a comment accompanying the study that is published in the current issue of The Lancet, says the findings have \"enormous implications\" because, for the first time, they offer doctors an evidence-based, unbiased way to recommend treatment. And, he adds, they give patients a \"gold standard of reliable information,\" especially since the study's authors plan to make their findings available free on the Web. \n\nNot so fast, says Gerald Gartlehner, M.D., M.P.H., who coauthored a review of the benefits and risks of the same 12 drugs published last November in the Annals of Internal Medicine. He and his colleagues concluded, based on their review done while Gartlehner was at the RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina., that there was no clinically meaningful evidence that any one of the drugs was better than the rest. Instead, they argued, decisions on which drug to use should be based on factors such as cost and side effects. ", "question": "Who is he affiliated with?", "context": "Sagar V. Parikh is affiliated with the University Of Toronto. Gerald Gartlehner is affiliated with the Rti-Unc Evidence-Based Practice Center.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sagar V. Parikh)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Toronto) || (Gerald Gartlehner)-[affiliated with]->(Rti-Unc Evidence-Based Practice Center)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0377", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "What was he the ruler of?", "context": "Louis The German was the ruler of East Frankish Realm. Charles The Bald was the ruler of West Frankish Realm.", "based_on_pattern": "(Louis The German)-[ruler of]->(East Frankish Realm) || (Charles The Bald)-[ruler of]->(West Frankish Realm)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0378", "coqa_story": "\"Oh,you must have been a spoiled kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you're going to be like to deal with?\" That's often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she's an only child,she told ABC News.Despite such negative remarks,Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she's not alone. \n\nAccording to the US' Office for National Statistics,women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007. \n\nBut even though only children are becoming increasingly common,the traditional view that they're selfish,spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children,like Hult,are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they're being selfish and endangering their child's future,they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon,however,they ask themselves:is this social prejudice really reasonable? \n\n\"There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers ,\" Susan Newman,a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US,told ABC News. \n\nThis raises another question:why are only children still viewed with such suspicion? \n\n\"There is a belief that's been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous,both for you and for the continuation of your race,\" Toni Falbo,a professor of educational psychology,told the Guardian.\"In the past a lot of children died.You'd have had to be crazy to only have one.\" \n\nTimes,of course,have changed and infant mortality has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say? \n\nKayley Kravitz,a blogger for The Huffington Post,grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.\"Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all:the ability to be alone,\" she said.", "question": "What is her occupation?", "context": "Kayley Kravitz is a Blogger. Susan Newman is a Social Psychologist. Toni Falbo is a Professor Of Educational Psychology.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kayley Kravitz)-[has occupation]->(Blogger) || (Susan Newman)-[has occupation]->(Social Psychologist) || (Toni Falbo)-[has occupation]->(Professor Of Educational Psychology)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0379", "coqa_story": "Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years.One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out and travels alone, according to new research. \n\nBy contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out. \n\nMore women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures.Men are more likely to rank \"having fun\" higher on their list of _ .Women are more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people. \n\nThe more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed have reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience. \n\nThe research also shows that women are more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects.One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light. \n\nA greater proportion of women than men face objections or criticism from their families over their gapyear plans.Among the men surveyed, lack of money is the main barrier to travel. \n\nCarolyn Martin, a doctor from London,is a typically confident female traveller.Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs. \n\n\"I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan,\" she recalled.\"It was OK but one day I did get chased by one.\" \n\nShe said that she had travelled alone because \"you meet more people\".", "question": "What is the main barrier to travel that young men face?", "context": "The main barrier to travel for young men is a lack of money.", "based_on_pattern": "(Young Men)-[MAIN_BARRIER_IS]->(Lack Of Money)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0380", "coqa_story": "The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front. \n\nPlanning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal, but postponing would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days in each month were deemed suitable. Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion. \n\nThe amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe landing of 24,000 American, British, and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight. Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06:30. The target stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions, particularly at Utah and Omaha. The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches, and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Casualties were heaviest at Omaha, with its high cliffs. At Gold, Juno, and Sword, several fortified towns were cleared in house-to-house fighting, and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled, using specialised tanks.", "question": "What did it occur on?", "context": "Allied Victory occurred on Western Front. Normandy Landings occurred on Tuesday, 6 June 1944.", "based_on_pattern": "(Allied Victory)-[occurred on]->(Western Front) || (Normandy Landings)-[occurred on]->(Tuesday, 6 June 1944)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0381", "coqa_story": "Doctor Manette had suddenly disappeared. Everything was done to discover some trace of him, but in vain. The loss of her husband caused his wife such pain that she decided to bring up her little daughter, Lucie, in ignorance of her father's fate, and when in two years she died she left little Lucie under the guardianship of Mr. Lorry. After eighteen years, strange news concerning the doctor had just come from Paris. Mr. Lorry, told Lucie, \"your father has been found. He is alive, greatly changed, but alive. He has been taken to the house of a former servant in Paris, and we are going there.\" On arrival, the banker and Lucie were taken to an attic, where a haggard , white-haired man sat on a low bench, making shoes. He was sheltered by a man by the name of Defarge who, with his wife, kept a wine-shop in the district of St. Antoine. Charles Darnay was of noble birth; but his ancestors had for many years so cruelly oppressed the French peasants that the name of Evremonde was hated and looked down upon. Unlike them in character, this last descendant of his race had given up his name and wealth and had come to England as a private gentleman, eager to begin a new life. Sydney Carton was a young English lawyer. _ soon became frequent visitors at the small house in Soho Square, the home of Doctor Manette and his daughter. Through Lucie's care and devotion, the doctor had almost completely recovered from the effects of his long imprisonment, and it was only in times of strong excitement that any trace of his past foolish behaviors could be discovered. The sweet face of Lucie Manette soon won the hearts of both the young men, but it was Darnay to whom she gave her love. They married. The French Revolution had actually begun and in 1792 Mr. Lorry and Charles Darnay landed in Paris, the former to protect the French branch of Tellson & Co. and the latter to help an old family servant -Gabelle-who had begged his help. Not until they had set foot in Paris did they realize what a caldron of fury they had been involved in. Mr. Lorry, on account of his business relations, was allowed his freedom, but Darnay was hurried at once to the prison of La Force, there to wait for his trial. The reason given for this outrage was the new law for the arrest of all returning French emigrants , but the true cause was that he had been recognized as Charles Evremonde. Doctor Manette, going to France with Lucie, gained a promise that Darnay's life should be spared. At last came the terrible year of the Reign of Terror. The sympathy which at first had been given to Doctor Manette had become weakened through the influence of Mrs. Defarge. Also, there had been found in the ruins of the Bastille a paper which contained Doctor Manette's account of his imprisonment, and pronouncing a curse upon the House of Evremonde and their descendants, who were responsible for his eighteen years of misery. Charles Darnay's fate was sealed. \"Death within twenty-four hours.\" To Sydney Carton, who had followed his friends to Paris, came an inspiration. He once promised Lucie that he would die to save a life she loved. He managed to gain admission to the prison; Darnay was removed unconscious from the cell, and Carton sat down to wait for his fate. Along the Paris streets six tumbrels were carrying the day's wine to La Guillotine. In the third car sat a young man with his hands tied. As the cries from the street arose against him, they only move him to a quiet smile as he shook more loosely his hair about his face. Crash! A head is held up. The third cart came up, and the supposed Evremonde came down. His lips move, forming the words, \"a life you love.\"", "question": "Who are they married to?", "context": "Charles Darnay is married to Lucie. Lucie is married to Charles Darnay.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Darnay)-[married to]->(Lucie) || (Lucie)-[married to]->(Charles Darnay)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0382", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "According to the provided information, on whom did Ralph Steinman conduct experiments?", "context": "Ralph Steinman conducted experiments on himself.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ralph Steinman)-[EXPERIMENTED_ON]->(Ralph Steinman)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0383", "coqa_story": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderlandis one of the most loved children's books of all time, and many adults enjoy it as well. It tells the story of a young girl named Alice, who follows a rabbit entering a magical world called Wonderland. She has many experiences which seem to change the rules of reasoning or common sense. The popularity of the book comes from its imagination, interesting story, and art work. The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll. In fact, Lewis Carroll was not the writer's real name. His real name was Charles Dodgson. One day, he took a boat ride down the Thames River to have a picnic with three little girls who were friends of the family. To keep them entertained on the ride, he told them a story in which Alice, the middle child, was the main character. They enjoyed the story very much. Charles later wrote the story down under the nameAlice's Adventures Under Groundand gave it to Alice as a Christmas present. Later, he gave a copy to his friend George MacDonald. George read it to his children and they loved it. George suggested to Charles that he make a book from his story. Charles then wrote more parts to the story until it was around 35,000 words. It was first printed in 1866, with art work by John Tenniel, under the nameAlice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was an immediate success. One of its first fans was Queen Victoria. She immediately requested a collection of all of Lewis Carroll's works. She was surprised to find that they included many works on math. In fact, Charles Dodgson was a highly respected mathematician. This can be seen in many puzzles and plays on reasoning that appear in his books and poems. Since the story was first printed, it has kept selling up to the present day. It has been translated into over fifty languages and has had several movies based on it.", "question": "Who was responsible for the artwork in the book 'Alice's Adventures In Wonderland'?", "context": "The artwork for 'Alice's Adventures In Wonderland' was created by John Tenniel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alice'S Adventures In Wonderland)-[HAS_ARTWORK_BY]->(John Tenniel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0384", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is their title?", "context": "Sandy Baum has the title Economist. Monica Inzer has the title Dean Of Admission And Financial Aid. David Laird has the title President. Scott Friedhoff has the title Vice President For Enrollment. Tom Lancaster has the title Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sandy Baum)-[has title]->(Economist) || (Monica Inzer)-[has title]->(Dean Of Admission And Financial Aid) || (David Laird)-[has title]->(President) || (Scott Friedhoff)-[has title]->(Vice President For Enrollment) || (Tom Lancaster)-[has title]->(Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0385", "coqa_story": "Garry Golden is a futurist. Futurists are scientists who analyze the way the world is today and use that information.to predict what the world will be like in the future. Golden focuses on the study of transportation. He spends his days studying the relationships between cars, subways, and trains. But he's most excited about imagining the way these relationships will change in the future. Many public transportation supporters dislike big cities because they spend hours driving from one side of the city to the other. And there aren't enough buses and. subways. However, Golden sees a trend toward fewer cars' in the future. He explains, \"Cities have a cost of car ownership, which is a challenge. All these vehicles cost the city in services, in having to repair roads and other things. \"Cars also take up a lot of space. Golden points out that having so many parking spaces is wasteful. Much of the time the parking spaces sit empty. What is the solution?\"I think cities will make new laws to limit the number of cars people can have ,\" says Golden. \"Instead, people will use taxis, subways, and buses. New technology, like smartphones, can make these forms of public transportation even better. Imagine if everyone had a smartphone and used them to signal when they wanted to ride the bus. Buses could change their route to meet people's requests.\" How soon would these changes come? Golden admits that it will take several years. Cities can be slow to change. Also, new systems of transportation can be expensive. \"But it's coming,\" he says. \"The trend of the empowered city will be here soon. \" The other trend that excites Golden is electric cars. Golden especially believes in the future of electric cars that have sensors to understand the world around them. \"If we have cars that can communicate with one another, they can adjust speeds to cut down on traffic jams,\"he says. Rush hour in big cities would be much less painful. One challenge is that it is hard to cheaply produce batteries that are strong enough for these cars. But Golden argues we could, also make cars out of strong plastic composites . The cars would then be much lighter and much cheaper to make. Golden remains positive about the future. \"There are so many exciting developments ,\"he says. \"In thirty years we will live a different world. \"", "question": "According to the provided information, how does using Plastic Composite impact the weight of a Car?", "context": "Using Plastic Composite makes a Car lighter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Plastic Composite)-[MAKES_LIGHTER]->(Car)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0386", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Net speak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Net speak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Net speak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurnberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messages, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Net speakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Net speak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\".", "question": "Where is he located?", "context": "Speaker'S Brother is located in New York. Middle School Teacher is located in England.", "based_on_pattern": "(Speaker'S Brother)-[located in]->(New York) || (Middle School Teacher)-[located in]->(England)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0387", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "What technology do Smart Cameras utilize for connectivity?", "context": "Smart Cameras utilize Wi-Fi for connectivity.", "based_on_pattern": "(Smart Cameras)-[USES_TECHNOLOGY]->(Wi-Fi)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0388", "coqa_story": "Universal Music Group (also known in the United States as UMG Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the French media conglomerate Vivendi. UMG's global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica, California. It is considered one of the \"Big Three\" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. \n\nUniversal Music was once the record company attached to film studio Universal Pictures. Its origins go back to the formation of the American branch of Decca Records in September 1934. The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939. MCA Inc. merged with American Decca in 1962. The present organization was formed when its parent company Seagram purchased PolyGram in May 1998 and merged it with Universal Music Group in early 1999. However, the name had first appeared in 1996 when MCA Music Entertainment Group was renamed Universal Music Group. The PolyGram acquisition included Deutsche Grammophon which traces its ancestry to Berliner Gramophone making Deutsche Grammophon UMG's oldest unit. UMG's Canadian unit traces its ancestry to a Berliner Gramophone breakaway firm the Compo Company. \n\nBetween 1995 and 2000, music companies were found to have artificially inflated compact disc prices through the use of illegal marketing practices such as minimum advertised pricing, doing so in order to end price wars that began in the early 1990s by discounters such as Best Buy and Target. A settlement in 2002 included the music publishers and distributors; Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music and Universal Music Group. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing. It is estimated suppliers/customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million and up to $5 per album which conflicts with proof of sale and purchase interests.", "question": "What is recognized as the oldest unit within the Universal Music Group?", "context": "Deutsche Grammophon is the oldest unit of the Universal Music Group.", "based_on_pattern": "(Deutsche Grammophon)-[IS_OLDEST_UNIT_OF]->(Universal Music Group)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0389", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \n\n\"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. \n\nA siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. \n\nWe stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. \n\nJust before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" \n\nWe let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "Where did the Russian Tanks roll into?", "context": "The Russian Tanks rolled into Afghanistan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Russian Tanks)-[ROLLED_INTO]->(Afghanistan)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0390", "coqa_story": "Library and Archives Canada (LAC) (in ) is a federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving and making Canada's documentary heritage accessible. LAC reports to Parliament through M\u00c3\u00a9lanie Joly, the Minister of Canadian Heritage since November 4, 2015. \n\nThe Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture and was transformed into the autonomous Public Archives of Canada in 1912 and renamed the National Archives of Canada in 1987. The National Library of Canada was founded in 1953. Freda Farrell Waldon contributed to the writing of the brief which led to the founding of the National Library of Canada. In 2004, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) combined the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. It was established by the \"Library and Archives of Canada Act\" (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004. A subsequent Order in Council dated May 21, 2004 united the collections, services and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Since inception LAC has reported to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. \n\nLAC's stated mandate is: \n\nLAC is expected to maintain \"effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability\". \n\nLAC's holdings include the archival records of the Government of Canada, representative private archives, 20 million books acquired largely through legal deposit, 24 million photographs, and more than a petabyte of digital content. Some of this content, primarily the book collection, university theses and census material, is available online. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013 only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing \"about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items\".", "question": "When was it founded?", "context": "National Library Of Canada was founded in 1953. Dominion Archives was founded in 1872.", "based_on_pattern": "(National Library Of Canada)-[founded in]->(1953) || (Dominion Archives)-[founded in]->(1872)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0391", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Who illustrated it?", "context": "The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade was illustrated by Christian Robinson. Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School was illustrated by Adam Auerbach. Planet Kindergarten was illustrated by Shane Prigmore.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)-[illustrated by]->(Christian Robinson) || (Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School)-[illustrated by]->(Adam Auerbach) || (Planet Kindergarten)-[illustrated by]->(Shane Prigmore)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0392", "coqa_story": "The University of California, Berkeley (also referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, and Cal ) is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, Berkeley is the oldest of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system (although UCSF was founded in 1864 and predates the establishment of the UC system) and is\u00c2\u00a0ranked\u00c2\u00a0as one of the world's leading research universities and the top\u00c2\u00a0public university\u00c2\u00a0in the United States. \n\nEstablished in 1868 as the University of California, resulting from the merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining and Mechanical Arts College in Oakland, Berkeley offers approximately 350 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The Dwinelle Bill of March 5, 1868 (California Assembly Bill No. 583) stated that the \"University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and profession[al] pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions\". In the 1960s, Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. \n\nBerkeley is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and continues to have very high research activity with $789 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015. It also co-manages three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, including Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy, as well as being home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Through its partner institution University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center, the top hospital in California, which is also part of the UC system.", "question": "For which government department is the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory managed?", "context": "The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)-[MANAGED_FOR]->(U.S. Department Of Energy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0393", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police said authorities Friday took a fourth person into custody in their ongoing investigation into domestic terrorism. \n\nThe RCMP said its Integrated National Security Enforcement Team executed a search warrant in Ottawa and took one person into custody. No charges have been filed. \n\nEarlier Friday, a Canadian government source close to the investigation said the three men arrested previously \"are not card-carrying members of al Qaeda but they follow in the movement and show common trends.\" \n\nRCMP Chief Superintendent Serge Therriault said Thursday the three suspects are Canadian citizens living in Ontario -- Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh, 30, of Ottawa; Misbahuddin Ahmed, 26, of Ottawa; and Khurram Syed Sher, 28, of London. \n\nThe name of the suspect arrested Friday has not been released. \n\nAlizadeh faces three charges: conspiracy, committing an act for a terrorist group and providing or making available property for terrorist purposes. Canadian federal prosecutor David McKercher told CNN the three charges carry maximum sentences ranging from ten years to life in prison. \n\nAhmed has been charged with conspiracy, but he could face more charges, according to his defense attorney. Ian Carter told CNN he met with Ahmed for half an hour. Asked how the suspect was feeling, Carter said, \"He is in shock.\" Ahmed is married and has a 7-month-old daughter. \n\nSher also is charged with conspiracy, officials said. \n\nThe RCMP said the three suspects were arrested under Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act, passed in 2001. \n\nTherriault said that a yearlong investigation found that in addition to forming part of a terror cell, the suspects possessed schematics, videos, drawings, instructions, books and electrical components designed specifically for the construction of improvised explosive devices. He said authorities seized more than 50 circuit boards designed to remotely detonate IEDs. ", "question": "Under which act were the three suspects arrested?", "context": "The three suspects were arrested under the Anti-Terrorism Act.", "based_on_pattern": "(Three Suspects)-[ARRESTED_UNDER]->(Anti-Terrorism Act)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0394", "coqa_story": "Roman Britain ( or, later, \"\", \"the Britains\") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410\u00c2\u00a0AD. \n\nJulius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54\u00c2\u00a0BC as part of his Gallic Wars. The Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed a friendly king over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25\u00c2\u00a0BC. In 40\u00c2\u00a0AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel, only to have them gather seashells. Three years later, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain (). By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward. \n\nUnder the 2nd century emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, two walls were built to defend the Roman province from the Caledonians, whose realms in the Scottish Highlands were never directly controlled. Around 197, the Severan Reforms divided Britain into two provinces: Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior. During the Diocletian Reforms, at the end of the 3rd century, Britannia was divided into four provinces under the direction of a vicarius, who administered the . A fifth province, Valentia, is attested in the later 4th century. For much of the later period of the Roman occupation, Britannia was subject to barbarian invasions and often came under the control of imperial usurpers and imperial pretenders. The final Roman withdrawal from Britain occurred around 410; the native kingdoms are considered to have formed Sub-Roman Britain after that.", "question": "For what purpose did Hadrian build a wall against the Caledonians?", "context": "Hadrian built a wall to defend from the Caledonians.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hadrian)-[BUILT_WALL_TO_DEFEND_FROM]->(Caledonians)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0395", "coqa_story": "\"It's this time of year when the weather starts warming up and frogs start breeding - but they haven't been breeding,\" says John Wilkinson, research and monitoring officer at the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC). \n\nAmphibians are just one of the groups of animals that nature observers fear may have problems reproducing this year, as groundwater levels are even lower now than in the infamously dry summer of 1976, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). According to the UK's Centre for Hydrology and Ecology the average rainfall so far this winter has been the lowest since 1972. \n\n\"If ponds dry up totally,\" says Mr. Wilkinson, \"you could have lots of dead tadpoles.\" Drier and windier conditions could also make it more difficult for juvenile amphibians to survive their journeys between wet habitats. \n\nBut Peter Brotherton, the biodiversity manager for Natural England, says that \"drought is part of nature's cycle\", and, at present, a lot of animals, plants and insects are still in hibernation. This means that the population picture is unclear. \"However, when we get extreme events, we get animals dying,\" he says. \"And what is worrying is that normally at this time of year we expect soil to be near saturation after winter.\" \n\nCharlie Kitchin, the RSPB's site manager of the Nene Washes in Cambridgeshire, says the 2,000-acre wetland and grassland area is now struggling following two winters with relatively little winter rain and no flooding. One species that could suffer, he says, is the black-tailed godwit . \"There are only 50 breeding pairs in the country, and we have 40 of them, and everything is bone-dry,\" Mr Kitchin says. \n\nBut one bad nesting season, he says, is \"not the end of the world\". \"One of the features of flood plains is that they're _ anyway,\" he adds. \"But if they fail to breed another year, the population is likely to dip again.\"", "question": "Where does he work?", "context": "Charlie Kitchin works at Rspb. Peter Brotherton works at Natural England. John Wilkinson works at Amphibian And Reptile Conservation Trust.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charlie Kitchin)-[works at]->(Rspb) || (Peter Brotherton)-[works at]->(Natural England) || (John Wilkinson)-[works at]->(Amphibian And Reptile Conservation Trust)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0396", "coqa_story": "The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled as William the Conqueror. \n\nWilliam's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to confront him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement. \n\nAlthough William's main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strongpoints throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and village life: the main change appears to have been the formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to the invasion. There was little alteration in the structure of government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the forms of Anglo-Saxon government.", "question": "Who did he defeat?", "context": "William The Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson. Harold Godwinson defeated Harald Hardrada.", "based_on_pattern": "(William The Conqueror)-[defeated]->(Harold Godwinson) || (Harold Godwinson)-[defeated]->(Harald Hardrada)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0397", "coqa_story": "Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic \"Summertime Blues\", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including \"Born to Be Wild\", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969). Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track, using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound. \n\nFrom outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974\u00e2\u20ac\u201c75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit \"The Boys Are Back in Town\", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Mot\u00c3\u00b6rhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.", "question": "What musical movement did Judas Priest help to create?", "context": "Judas Priest helped to create the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal.", "based_on_pattern": "(Judas Priest)-[HELPED_CREATE]->(New Wave Of British Heavy Metal)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0398", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "Who served as a past president for the American Veterinary Medical Association?", "context": "Bonnie Beaver, Dvm served as a past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bonnie Beaver, Dvm)-[PAST_PRESIDENT_OF]->(American Veterinary Medical Association)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0399", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "Which scientist is known for having collaborated with Barry Marshall?", "context": "Barry Marshall collaborated with Robin Warren.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barry Marshall)-[COLLABORATED_WITH]->(Robin Warren)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0400", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "What is their nationality?", "context": "Oscar Niemeyer is Brazilian. Oliveira is Portuguese. Rita Levi-Montalcini is Italian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oscar Niemeyer)-[nationality]->(Brazilian) || (Oliveira)-[nationality]->(Portuguese) || (Rita Levi-Montalcini)-[nationality]->(Italian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0401", "coqa_story": "Henry Ford grew up on an un-electrified farm, and as a young man he followed Edison's career as the inventor became a national role model.Ford took a job at the Edison Illuminating Company working his way up to chief engineer. \n\nIn 1896 Ford was thirty-three and, though still working for Edison Co.,he had created his first experimental automobile the Ford Quadricycle2 during his off-time. At an Edison company party in New York, Ford had his first chance to meet his hero Edison and was able to explain his new automobile to the great inventor. _ Young man, that's the thing! You have it! Your car is self-contained and carries its own power plant.\" Edison himself had been working on the idea, but had only been considering electricity as the power source, so the idea of a gas engine was a somewhat new one. \n\nThe words comforted Ford greatly, who immediately set out building a second car which was to become the Model-T.6.The two men became f'ast friends and would go on camping trips together.When Edison later became limited to a wheelchair, Ford brought an extra one to his house so they could race.At the 50th anniversary of the invention of light-bulb, Ford honored Edison.When Edison spoke, he ended his speech directed at Ford:\" As to Henry Ford, words fail to express my feelings.I can only say that he is my friend.\" Therefore it is no surprise that Ford wanted something to remember Edison by after he passed away in 1931. \n\nOnce, Ford asked Thomas Edison's son Charles to sit by the dying inventor's bedside and hold a test tube next to his father's mouth to catch his final breath. Ford was a man with many strange behaviors( as was Edison)including some interest in reanimation and spiritualism and some say that he was attempting to catch Edison's soul as it escaped his body in hopes of later bringing the inventor back to life. \n\nThe test tube itself didn't turn up until 1950 when it was listed in the Ford possessions after Clara Ford's passing away, and then lost again until 1978 when it was discovered in an exhibit Entitled \"Henry Ford-A Personal History\" in the Henry Ford Museum.It would then be discovered that the tube was labeled \"Edison's Last Breath\". \n\nThere is a further mystery of this \"last breath\" test tube. It would seem as if Edison had quite a last breath indeed, as the Edison Estate holds a collection of 42 test tubes all supposedly containing Edison's last breath. \n\nRegardless of the excitement over the last breath, the test tube is quite touching in its meaning.Although both men were known for all sorts of poor behavior towards .their loved ones and mistreatment of employees, between them at least, there was clearly a deep respect and admiration.", "question": "Who did he have deep respect for?", "context": "Henry Ford had deep respect for Thomas Edison. Thomas Edison had deep respect for Henry Ford.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry Ford)-[had deep respect for]->(Thomas Edison) || (Thomas Edison)-[had deep respect for]->(Henry Ford)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0402", "coqa_story": "Buck did not read the newspapers,or he would have known that trouble was coming,not only for himself,but for every big dog,strong of muscle and with long,warm hair in California.Men had found gold in the Yukon,and these men wanted big,strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north. \n\nBuck lived at a big house in the sunkissed Santa Clara valley.Judge Miller's place,it was called.There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house,and a river nearby.In a big place like this,of course,there were many dogs.There were house dogs and farm dogs,but they were not important.Over this great land Buck ruled.Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life.He was not so large--he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds.But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere housedog.Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles.He went swimming with Judge Miller's sons,and walking with his daughters.He carried the grandchildren on his back,and he sat at Judge Miller's feet in front of the warm library fire in winter.During the four years,he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect.He was king of Judge Miller's place. \n\nBut this was 1897,and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look for gold.And he did not know that Manuel,one of the gardener's helpers,was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling and for his large family.One day,the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club.No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk.Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station.This man talked to Manuel,and gave him some money.Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck. \n\nBuck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity .He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit.But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger's hands,Buck roared,and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck,shutting off his breath.In extreme anger,he jumped at the man.The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back.Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled,his tongue out of his mouth.Never in all his life had he been so badly treated.Never in all his life had he been so angry.For a few moments he was unable to move,and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train. \n\nWhen Buck woke up,the train was still moving.The man was sitting and watching him,but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard.Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go. \n\nThat evening,the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco.The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood. \n\n\"How much are they paying you for this?\"he asked. \n\n\"Only get fifty dollars.\" \n\n\"And the man who stole him--how much did he get?\"asked the barman. \n\n\"A hundred.He wouldn't take less.\" \n\n\"That makes a hundred and fifty.It's a good price for a dog like him.\" \n\nBuck spent that night in a cagelike box.He could not understand what it all meant.What did they want with him,these strange men?And where were Judge Miller and the boys? \n\nThe next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Gold is located in Yukon. Judge Miller'S Place is located in Santa Clara Valley.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gold)-[located in]->(Yukon) || (Judge Miller'S Place)-[located in]->(Santa Clara Valley)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0403", "coqa_story": "Back to the Future With the help of a local inventor's time machine, Marty travels back to the 1950s. There his 80s hipness stands out, and he inadvertently interferes with the fledgling romance of his parents-to-be. Can Marty keep them together? He'd better, or his own future will fade away. Featuring: Christopher Lloyd, Michael J.Fox. A universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 55 min. Beethoven's 2nd In this sequel to the popular Beethoven, our canine hero falls for Missy, who soon has puppies. Missy's greedy owner, Regina, who sees only money in the little purebreds, separates mom and pups from Beethoven. His owners rescue the puppies, but Regina still has Missy. Featuring: Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 26 min. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Despite the popularity of his treats, candy maker Willy Wonka shuts himself inside his factory. But then Willy holds a contest, offering five lucky children the chance to see his company. Poor but pleasant Charlie Bucket finds a ticket, as do four less-deserving children. Featuring: Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore. A Warner Bros. Release, 1 hr. 56 min. Cinderella Man Based on actual events, this film follows the life of Jim Braddock, a boxer in New York City during the Great Depression. After a series of losses, Braddock is forced into retirement. But he never gives up his boxing dream, and neither does his manager. Featuring: Russell Crowe, Renee Zellweger. A Universal Pictures release, 2 hr. 14 min. Liar Liar Lawyer Fletcher Reede has never told the truth in his life. Then his son makes a birthday wish that his dad would stop lying for 24 hours. Suddenly, Fletcher's mouth spouts everything he thinks. His compulsion brings disaster to courtroom, where he must defend a client whose case was built on lies. Featuring: Jim Carrey, Justin Cooper. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 25 min.", "question": "What is its runtime?", "context": "Back To The Future has a runtime of 1 Hr. 55 Min. Cinderella Man has a runtime of 2 Hr. 14 Min. Charlie And The Chocolate Factory has a runtime of 1 Hr. 56 Min. Beethoven'S 2Nd has a runtime of 1 Hr. 26 Min. Liar Liar has a runtime of 1 Hr. 25 Min.", "based_on_pattern": "(Back To The Future)-[has runtime]->(1 Hr. 55 Min.) || (Cinderella Man)-[has runtime]->(2 Hr. 14 Min.) || (Charlie And The Chocolate Factory)-[has runtime]->(1 Hr. 56 Min.) || (Beethoven'S 2Nd)-[has runtime]->(1 Hr. 26 Min.) || (Liar Liar)-[has runtime]->(1 Hr. 25 Min.)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0404", "coqa_story": "Hong Kong (CNN) -- The world watched, as the London 2012 Olympic Games opened with director Danny Boyle's elaborate ode to England, and furiously tapped their reaction on social media. \n\nBut one comment on Twitter has sparked a political fracas on the home soil of the games, as a British member of Parliament lamented the \"multi-cultural crap\" of the \u00c2\u00a327 million ($42.4 million) ceremony. \n\nEntitled \"Isle of Wonder,\" Boyle -- the Oscar-winning director best known for hit movies \"Trainspotting\" and \"Slumdog Millionaire\" -- put together a star-studded on-field dramatization that drew on Shakespeare and Brit Pop to chart Britain from its pastoral roots through the Industrial Revolution to James Bond, Harry Potter and the Beatles. \n\n\"The most leftie opening ceremony I have ever seen -- more than Beijing, the capital of a communist state! Welfare tribute next?\" wrote Aidan Burley, a Conservative Party MP who was fired as a ministerial aide in David Cameron's government after revelations he attended a Nazi-themed stag party in France last year. \n\n\"Thank God the athletes have arrived! Now we can move on from leftie multi-cultural crap. Bring back red arrows, Shakespeare and the Stones!\" he added minutes later. \n\nBurley backpedaled after the strong online backlash against his comments, posting: \"Seems my tweet has been misunderstood. I was talking about the way it was handled in the show, not multiculturalism itself.\" \n\nQueen opens the London 2012 Olympics \n\nThere was a great deal of comparison being drawn between the London ceremony and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. @legallyblondekf wrote: \"Ha! London sees your zillion drummers drumming in unison and raises you a deaf drummer. Your move China,\" referring to deaf Scottish percussionist Evelyn Glennie leading drummers during the London ceremony. ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "2008 Beijing Olympics is located in Beijing. London is located in England. London 2012 Olympic Games is located in London.", "based_on_pattern": "(2008 Beijing Olympics)-[located in]->(Beijing) || (London)-[located in]->(England) || (London 2012 Olympic Games)-[located in]->(London)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0405", "coqa_story": "Chapter 61 \n\nHappy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters. With what delighted pride she afterwards visited Mrs. Bingley, and talked of Mrs. Darcy, may be guessed. I wish I could say, for the sake of her family, that the accomplishment of her earnest desire in the establishment of so many of her children produced so happy an effect as to make her a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman for the rest of her life; though perhaps it was lucky for her husband, who might not have relished domestic felicity in so unusual a form, that she still was occasionally nervous and invariably silly. \n\nMr. Bennet missed his second daughter exceedingly; his affection for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do. He delighted in going to Pemberley, especially when he was least expected. \n\nMr. Bingley and Jane remained at Netherfield only a twelvemonth. So near a vicinity to her mother and Meryton relations was not desirable even to _his_ easy temper, or _her_ affectionate heart. The darling wish of his sisters was then gratified; he bought an estate in a neighbouring county to Derbyshire, and Jane and Elizabeth, in addition to every other source of happiness, were within thirty miles of each other. \n\nKitty, to her very material advantage, spent the chief of her time with her two elder sisters. In society so superior to what she had generally known, her improvement was great. She was not of so ungovernable a temper as Lydia; and, removed from the influence of Lydia's example, she became, by proper attention and management, less irritable, less ignorant, and less insipid. From the further disadvantage of Lydia's society she was of course carefully kept, and though Mrs. Wickham frequently invited her to come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, her father would never consent to her going. ", "question": "What characteristic is mentioned for Lydia Wickham?", "context": "Lydia Wickham is characterized as having an ungovernable temper.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lydia Wickham)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(Ungovernable Temper)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0406", "coqa_story": "Jack thought himself a basketball fan. He watched quite a lot of American NBA basketball games. Not only did he watch them, he spent much of his free time playing on the court too. Then came the final year of his middle school. All of his regular teammates stopped showing up on the court because they were simply too busy preparing for the high school entrance exam to play. He was, of course, under much stress himself, like everyone else. A good exam result meant a good high school; a mediocre score meant a mediocre school. _ . However, he loved basketball so much that he still found time to play, this time with a group of guys who were said to have skipped classes before. Some of his teachers started worrying about him. They asked his mother to go to school to let her know that Jack was hanging out with problem kids. When his mother returned home that day, she wanted to talk to Jack. Knowing the purpose of her visit to the school, Jack thought his mother would punish him for befriending those bad guys. To his surprise, his mother was not angry with him at all. She wanted to hear her son's side of the story. So Jack told his mother about what he knew of Simon and Peter. Simon's parents were badly ill; Peter's father had lost his job. They both seemed to Jack to be normal kids. Jack's mother thought for a moment, then went on to say that she was OK with her son playing with them and that she and her son should think of ways to help these kids. Soon Jack's mum introduced some part-time jobs to Simon and Peter, which they accepted. She believed in her son and cared about those who were less lucky. Jack's basketball friends and he have left for different places, but they still keep in touch. He knows Peter is now a manager of a local bank. Simon is currently a freshman at a university. Sadly, it is impossible to get together to play basketball again, but whenever they get on the phone, they talk about it all the time.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Simon is son of Simon'S Parents. Peter is son of Peter'S Father.", "based_on_pattern": "(Simon)-[is son of]->(Simon'S Parents) || (Peter)-[is son of]->(Peter'S Father)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0407", "coqa_story": "London (CNN) -- It's a scene straight out of Cinderella: a princess in her royal wedding dress, riding in a horse-drawn carriage through majestic streets. \n\nThat's just what Kate Middleton may look like on her wedding day next month. Buckingham Palace announced Tuesday that a century-old gold-trimmed royal carriage will carry the new princess and her prince, William, from Westminster Abbey through central London to the palace. \n\nThe same carriage -- called the 1902 State Landau -- has carried previous royal brides on their wedding days. William's mother, Lady Diana Spencer, rode in it in 1981 after her marriage to Prince Charles, and Sarah Ferguson traveled in it five years later after she wed Prince Andrew. \n\nIt was specifically built for King Edward VII in 1902 to be used at his coronation, and it remains the most-used carriage in the Royal Mews, usually used these days by Queen Elizabeth II when she meets foreign heads of state. \n\nIt is an open-top carriage, so if it rains, the new royal couple will instead travel in the enclosed Glass Coach, another historic carriage, the palace announced. \n\nThe Glass Coach was built in 1881 and purchased for use at King George V's coronation in 1911. Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson used it on their way to their weddings, along with three other brides: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who married the future King George VI in 1923; Princess Alexandra in 1963; and Princess Anne in 1973. \n\nThe wedding procession will take in some of central London's most famous sights. After leaving the abbey, it will pass the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the prime minister's residence at Downing Street, the Horse Guards Parade and the Mall: the long avenue that stretches from Trafalgar Square past St. James's Park, straight to Buckingham Palace. ", "question": "Who was she married to?", "context": "Lady Diana Spencer was married to Prince Charles. Sarah Ferguson was married to Prince Andrew. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was married to King George Vi.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lady Diana Spencer)-[married to]->(Prince Charles) || (Sarah Ferguson)-[married to]->(Prince Andrew) || (Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon)-[married to]->(King George Vi)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0408", "coqa_story": "Sandra Bullock turned 51 last month. But because she looks exactly the same as she did inMiss Congeniality, a movie filmed back in the 20thcentury, everyone calls her \"ageless.\" Bullock is just one of a number of stars in their 40s and 50s who've had birthdays recently but have not gotten older, unlike the rest of us in their age group. Take Halle Berry. One website put a photo of her 20 years ago next to one of the newly 49-year-old Berry and dared us to choose which was which. \"This Is What 49 Looks Like,\" it said. Seriously, if that's what 49 looks like, I must be 71. \n\nHowever, even a generation ago, famous faces evolved. Look at a picture of Grace Kelly at age 52 in the early 1980s. She looks like a beautiful middle-aged woman. Today she'd look old for her age. \n\nThe goal now is to prevent aging while you are still young, using all the magical nonsurgical options medicine has to offer. Eventually these techniques will become less expensive, and ordinary people my daughter's age will have them. Already anti-aging is starting to be considered maintenance, like coloring your hair. My friends and I find ourselves openly debating techniques that we used to make fun of. Does fat-freezing work? How much time do you have to spend in the gym to keep the body of a 35-year-old after 50? It's all so exhausting. But members of the next generation have it tougher. They'll have to ask themselves whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old. I've already seen \"Sexy at 70\" headlines. Will everyone be expected to go to their graves looking hot? \n\nI also have to wonder what else we are slowing along with age. How do you move on if you're working so hard to stay the same? And besides, if you've known the ache of watching a daughter pack up for college, you know you can't stop the clock.", "question": "What characteristic is used to describe Sandra Bullock?", "context": "Sandra Bullock is described as having the characteristic of being ageless.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sandra Bullock)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(Ageless)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0409", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV. \n\n\n\nStill the silence lasted. Henry had tried at first to persuade himself that it was only by chance that he never heard his own name from lips that used to call it more often than any other. Indeed, he was so much used to favour, that it needed all the awe-struck pity of the rest to prove to him its withdrawal; and he was so much in the habit of thrusting himself before Samuel, that even the sight and sound of the First Book of Euclid, all day long, failed to convince him that his brother could be preferred; above all, as Nurse Freeman had been collecting his clean shirts as well as Sam's, and all the portmanteaus and trunks in the house had been hunted out of the roof. Once, either the spirit of imitation, or his usual desire of showing himself off, made him break in when Sam was knitting his brows frightfully over a sum in proportion. Hal could do it in no time! \n\nSo he did; but he put the third term first, and multiplied the hours into the minutes, instead of reducing them to the same denomination; so that he made out that twenty-five men would take longer to cut a field of grass than three, and then could not see that he was wrong; but Miss Fosbrook and Sam both looked so much grieved for him, that a start of fright went through him. \n\nSome minds really do not understand a fault till they see it severely visited; and \"at least\" and \"couldn't help\" had so blinded Henry's eyes that he had thought himself more unlucky than to blame, till his father's manner forced it on him that he had done something dreadful. Vaguely afraid, he hung about, looking so wretched that he was a piteous sight; and it cut his father to the heart to spend such a last day together. Mayhap the Captain could hardly have held out all that second day, if he had not passed his word to his brother. ", "question": "In what subject did Henry make a mistake?", "context": "Henry made a mistake in the Sum In Proportion.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry)-[MADE_MISTAKE_IN]->(Sum In Proportion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0410", "coqa_story": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u00e2\u20ac\u201c or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "question": "What is the modern name for the Havas news agency?", "context": "The Havas news agency is now Agence France-Presse (Afp).", "based_on_pattern": "(Havas)-[IS_NOW]->(Agence France-Presse (Afp))", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0411", "coqa_story": "After much thought,I came up with a brilliant plan.I worked out a way for Rich to meet my mother and win her over.In fact,I arranged it so my mother would want to cook a meal especially for him. \n\nRich was not only not Chinese and he was a few years younger than I was.And unfortunately,he looked much younger with his curly red hair,smooth pale skin,and the splash of orange freckles across his nose.He was a bit on the short side,compactly built.In his dark business suits,he looked nice but easily forgettable,which was why I didn't notice him the first year we worked together at the firm.But my mother noticed everything. \n\n\"So what do you think of Rich?\"I finally asked,holding my breath. \n\nShe tossed the eggplant in the hot oil,angry hissing sound.\"So many spots on his face,\"she said. \n\n\"They are freckles.Freckles are good luck.\"I said a bit too heatedly in trying to raise my voice above the noise of the kitchen. \n\n\"Oh?\"She said innocently. \n\n\"Yes,the more spots the better.\" \n\nShe considered this a moment and then smiled and spoke in Chinese:\"When you were young,you got the chicken pox.So many spots,you had to stay home for ten days.So lucky,you thought.\" \n\nI couldn't save Rich in the kitchen.And I couldn't save him later at the dinner table. \n\nWhen I offered Rich a fork,he insisted on using the slippery ivory chopsticks.Halfway between his plate and his open mouth,a large chunk of redcooked eggplant fell on his brand new white shirt. \n\nAnd then he helped himself to big portions of the shrimp and snow peas,not realizing he should have taken only a polite spoonful. \n\nHe declined the new greens,the tender and expensive leaves of bean plants.He thought he was being polite by refusing seconds,when he should have followed my father's example,who made a big show of taking small portions of seconds,thirds and even fourths,always saying he couldn't resist another bite and then groaning he was so full he thought he would burst. \n\nBut the worst was when Rich criticized my mother's cooking and he didn't even know what he had done.As is the Chinese cook's custom,my mother always made modest remarks about her own cooking.That night she chose to direct it toward her famous steamed pork and preserved vegetable dish,which she always served with special pride. \n\n\"Ai!This dish not salty enough,no flavor,\"she complained,after tasting a small bite. \n\nThis was our family's cue to eat more and proclaim it the best she had ever made.But before we could do so,Rich said,\"You know,all it needs is a little soy sauce.\"And he proceeded to pour a riverful of the salty black stuff on the china plate,right before my mother's horrified eyes. \n\nAnd even though I was hoping throughout the dinner that my mother would somehow see Rich's kindness,his sense of humor and boyish charm.I knew he had failed miserably in her eyes. \n\nRich obviously had a different opinion on how the evening had gone.When we got home,I was still shuddering, _ remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents'hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients.\"Linda,Tim,\"he said,\"we'll see you again.\"My parents'names are Lindo and Tin Jong,and nobody except a few older family friends ever calls them by their first names. \n\n\"What did she say when you told her?\"I knew he was referring to our getting married. \n\n\"I never had a chance,\"I said,which was true.How could I have told my mother I was getting married,when at every possible moment we were alone,she seemed to remark on how pale and ill he looked. \n\nRich was smiling.\"How long does it take to say,Mom,Dad,I am getting married?\" \n\n\"You don't understand.You don't understand my mother.\"", "question": "What kind of attire does Rich characteristically wear?", "context": "Rich characteristically wears Dark Business Suits.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rich)-[WEARS]->(Dark Business Suits)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0412", "coqa_story": "We're unleashing the five most popular songs in the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, for the week ending November 15, 2014. We don't get any new songs this week...but things do get shaken up a bit. It all starts in fifth place, where Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj dip a notch with \"Bang Bang.\" Jessie says she wanted to assemble this lineup for a long time - she says she only met the other two after the song went to number one on iTunes. Jessie also says she wanted to use Nicki five years ago on her debut single, \"Do It Like A Dude.\" Taking over fourth place is Maroon 5 with \"Animals.\" This band has been around for 20 years...but not always under this name. The Los Angeles group formed in 1994 as Kara's Flowers, and released one album under that name in 1997. Four years later the members re-grouped as Maroon 5, and the rest is chart history. Holding in third place is Tove Lo with \"Habits (Stay High).\" Where did that name come from? This Swedish artist's real name is Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson. \"Lo\" is Swedish for lynx - a species of wildcat that Tove says she fell in love with as a little girl. After eight weeks, Meghan Trainor falls off the Hot 100 pedestal: \"All About That Bass\" falls to second place. Last week, she and Miranda Lambert sang this song at the Country Music Association Awards in Nashville, and Meghan kicks off a headlining North American tour next February in Vancouver, Canada. Taylor Swift re-takes the Hot 100 title, with \"Shake It Off\" - giving her three total weeks at the top - but that's only the beginning of her phenomenal week. Taylor's 1989 album just opened at number one by selling 1.2 million domestic copies. That's the largest sales week since The Eminem Show sold 1.3 million copies, way back in 2002. That's a wrap for this week, but as you know, the chart is always changing. Come back in seven days for an all-new lineup.", "question": "In what year was the album 'The Eminem Show' released?", "context": "The album 'The Eminem Show' was released in 2002.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Eminem Show)-[RELEASED_IN]->(2002)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0413", "coqa_story": "We're unleashing the five most popular songs in the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, for the week ending November 15, 2014. We don't get any new songs this week...but things do get shaken up a bit. It all starts in fifth place, where Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj dip a notch with \"Bang Bang.\" Jessie says she wanted to assemble this lineup for a long time - she says she only met the other two after the song went to number one on iTunes. Jessie also says she wanted to use Nicki five years ago on her debut single, \"Do It Like A Dude.\" Taking over fourth place is Maroon 5 with \"Animals.\" This band has been around for 20 years...but not always under this name. The Los Angeles group formed in 1994 as Kara's Flowers, and released one album under that name in 1997. Four years later the members re-grouped as Maroon 5, and the rest is chart history. Holding in third place is Tove Lo with \"Habits (Stay High).\" Where did that name come from? This Swedish artist's real name is Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson. \"Lo\" is Swedish for lynx - a species of wildcat that Tove says she fell in love with as a little girl. After eight weeks, Meghan Trainor falls off the Hot 100 pedestal: \"All About That Bass\" falls to second place. Last week, she and Miranda Lambert sang this song at the Country Music Association Awards in Nashville, and Meghan kicks off a headlining North American tour next February in Vancouver, Canada. Taylor Swift re-takes the Hot 100 title, with \"Shake It Off\" - giving her three total weeks at the top - but that's only the beginning of her phenomenal week. Taylor's 1989 album just opened at number one by selling 1.2 million domestic copies. That's the largest sales week since The Eminem Show sold 1.3 million copies, way back in 2002. That's a wrap for this week, but as you know, the chart is always changing. Come back in seven days for an all-new lineup.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Country Music Association Awards is located in Nashville. Vancouver is located in Canada.", "based_on_pattern": "(Country Music Association Awards)-[located in]->(Nashville) || (Vancouver)-[located in]->(Canada)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0414", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Who was it written by?", "context": "And Two Boys Booed was written by Judith Viorst. Planet Kindergarten was written by Sue Ganz-Schmitt. The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade was written by Justin Roberts. Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School was written by Adam Auerbach.", "based_on_pattern": "(And Two Boys Booed)-[written by]->(Judith Viorst) || (Planet Kindergarten)-[written by]->(Sue Ganz-Schmitt) || (The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)-[written by]->(Justin Roberts) || (Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School)-[written by]->(Adam Auerbach)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0415", "coqa_story": "The following are selected contributors' notes for an essay collection. KATY BUTLER, a 2004 finalist for a National Magazine Award, has written for The New Yorker, the New York Times, Mother Jones, Salon, Tricycle, and other magazines. She was born in South Africa and raised in England, and came to the United States with her family at the age of eight. \"Everything Is Holy,\" her essay about nature worship, Buddhism , and ecology, was selected for Best Buddhist Writing 2006. In 2009 she won a literary award from the Elizabeth George Foundation. \"What Broke My Father's Heart\" was named a \"notable narrative\" by the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard, won a first-place award from the Association of Health Care Journalists, and was named one of the 100 Best Magazine Articles of All Time. Butler has taught narrative nonfiction at Nieman Foundation conferences and memoir writing at Esalen Institute. Her current book project is Knocking on Heaven's Door: A Journey Through Old Age and New Medicine to be published in 2013. VICTOR LAVALLE is the author of a collection of stories, Slapboxing with Jesus, and two novels, The Ecstatic and Big Machine, for which he won the Shirley Jackson Award, the American Book Award, and the Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence. He is a 2010 Guggenheim Award winner and an assistant professor at Columbia University's School of the Arts. About \"Long Distance\" he says: \"This essay actually came about when I was asked to write about my life after having lost a great deal of weight. And yet, when I sat down to work, all I could do was return to that time when I was much heavier and deeply unhappy. Why? I sure didn't miss those days. And yet, I felt I couldn't write about my present without touching on that past. But, of course, I never reach the true present in the essay. Maybe I still don't know how to talk about a life with greater happiness. \" BRIDGET POTTER was born in Brompton-on-Swale, Yorkshire, and came to the United States as a teenager in 1958. She spent the first forty years of her career in television, beginning as a secretary, then as a producer and an executive, including fifteen years as senior vice president of original programming at HBO. In 2007 she earned a BA in cultural anthropology from Columbia University. This year she will complete an MFA in nonfiction, also from Columbia, where she has been an instructor in the University Writing Program. She is currently working on her first book, a memoir / social history of the 1960s, from which her essay \"Lucky Girl\" is adapted. PATRICIA SMITH is the author of five books of poetry, including Blood Dazzler, chronicling the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, which was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award, and Teahouse of the Almighty, a National Poetry Series selection. Her work has appeared in Poetry, The Paris Review, TriQuarterly, and The Best American Poetry 2011. She is a Pushcart Prize winner and a four-time individual champion of the National Poetry Slam, the most successful poet in the competition's history. RESHMA MEMON YAQUB wouldn't even be fit to write a grocery list were it not for her guardian editors. Her stories owe many glorious plot twists to Zain, eleven, and Zach, seven. Ditto their dad (Amer) and grandparents (Ali, Razia, Muhammad, Nasreen). Costars: Sophie, Sana, Yousef, and Maryam. Miss Yaqub lives in Bethesda, Maryland. Her next project is an investigation into the whereabouts of two missing people: Mr. Right and Ms. Memoir Literary Agent.", "question": "Of what competition is Patricia Smith a champion?", "context": "Patricia Smith is a champion of the National Poetry Slam.", "based_on_pattern": "(Patricia Smith)-[CHAMPION_OF]->(National Poetry Slam)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0416", "coqa_story": "Time:2017-01-24 From:kekenet.com Editor: clover \n\nThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump administration. \n\nJack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, he said, \"China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time. He's open-minded, he's listening.\" \n\n_ said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse. \n\nLast week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform. \n\nDuring the campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan. \n\nTrump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies. \n\nAccording to theSouth China Morning Post, Ma said, \"American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization.\" He added that the U.S. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization. \n\nHowever, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way. \n\nThe American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies. \n\nWilliam Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, \"we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market.\" \n\nAnother major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year. \n\nMa defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem. \n\n\"Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness,\" Ma said. \n\nI'm Mario Ritter.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "World Economic Forum is located in Davos. Davos is located in Switzerland. Trump Tower is located in New York City.", "based_on_pattern": "(World Economic Forum)-[located in]->(Davos) || (Davos)-[located in]->(Switzerland) || (Trump Tower)-[located in]->(New York City)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0417", "coqa_story": "London (CNN) -- It's a scene straight out of Cinderella: a princess in her royal wedding dress, riding in a horse-drawn carriage through majestic streets. \n\nThat's just what Kate Middleton may look like on her wedding day next month. Buckingham Palace announced Tuesday that a century-old gold-trimmed royal carriage will carry the new princess and her prince, William, from Westminster Abbey through central London to the palace. \n\nThe same carriage -- called the 1902 State Landau -- has carried previous royal brides on their wedding days. William's mother, Lady Diana Spencer, rode in it in 1981 after her marriage to Prince Charles, and Sarah Ferguson traveled in it five years later after she wed Prince Andrew. \n\nIt was specifically built for King Edward VII in 1902 to be used at his coronation, and it remains the most-used carriage in the Royal Mews, usually used these days by Queen Elizabeth II when she meets foreign heads of state. \n\nIt is an open-top carriage, so if it rains, the new royal couple will instead travel in the enclosed Glass Coach, another historic carriage, the palace announced. \n\nThe Glass Coach was built in 1881 and purchased for use at King George V's coronation in 1911. Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson used it on their way to their weddings, along with three other brides: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who married the future King George VI in 1923; Princess Alexandra in 1963; and Princess Anne in 1973. \n\nThe wedding procession will take in some of central London's most famous sights. After leaving the abbey, it will pass the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the prime minister's residence at Downing Street, the Horse Guards Parade and the Mall: the long avenue that stretches from Trafalgar Square past St. James's Park, straight to Buckingham Palace. ", "question": "When was it built?", "context": "1902 State Landau was built in 1902. Glass Coach was built in 1881.", "based_on_pattern": "(1902 State Landau)-[built in]->(1902) || (Glass Coach)-[built in]->(1881)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0418", "coqa_story": "Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. It is spoken by 290 million people across the Strait of Malacca, including the coasts of the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia and the eastern coast of Sumatra in Indonesia, and has been established as a native language of part of western coastal Sarawak and West Kalimantan in Borneo. It is also used as a trading language in the southern Philippines, including the southern parts of the Zamboanga Peninsula, the Sulu Archipelago and the southern predominantly Muslim-inhabited municipalities of Bataraza and Balabac in Palawan. \n\nAs the \"Bahasa Kebangsaan\" or \"Bahasa Nasional\" (National Language) of several states, Standard Malay has various official names. In Singapore and Brunei it is called \"Bahasa Melayu\" (Malay language); in Malaysia, \"Bahasa Malaysia\" (Malaysian language); and in Indonesia, \"Bahasa Indonesia\" (Indonesian language) and is designated the \"Bahasa Persatuan/ Pemersatu\" (\"unifying language/ \"lingua franca\"\"). However, in areas of central to southern Sumatra where the language is indigenous, Indonesians refer to it as \"Bahasa Melayu\" and consider it one of their regional languages. \n\nStandard Malay, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial Malacca and Johor Sultanates, and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor, or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other Malayan languages. According to \"Ethnologue\" 16, several of the Malayan varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the \"Orang Asli\" varieties of Peninsular Malay, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthese are listed with question marks in the infobox at right or on top (depending on device). There are also several Malay trade and creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay, as well as Macassar Malay, which appears to be a mixed language.", "question": "What country is it a part of?", "context": "Sumatra is part of Indonesia. Malay Peninsula is part of Malaysia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sumatra)-[part of]->(Indonesia) || (Malay Peninsula)-[part of]->(Malaysia)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0419", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "What technology is utilized by Wireless Speaker Systems?", "context": "Wireless Speaker Systems use Bluetooth technology.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wireless Speaker Systems)-[USES_TECHNOLOGY]->(Bluetooth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0420", "coqa_story": "It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010. Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either _ or strangers. When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough. When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone - but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete. According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach - where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots. Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water - so when they're threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.", "question": "Which specific habitat do Jewelweeds prefer?", "context": "Jewelweeds prefer Wet, Shady Spots as their habitat.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jewelweeds)-[HAS_HABITAT]->(Wet, Shady Spots)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0421", "coqa_story": "One evening last fall, while Marcos Ugarte did his homework and his father, Eduardo, a teacher, prepared lesson plans, they heard shouting outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the balcony of their two-story home. Immediately, Marcos' s eye was caught by a flame from one of their neighbors' houses. \"Dad, the house is on fire!\" Marcos cried. Dressed only in shorts, the barefoot teen dashed towards the Mas' home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front grassland shouting for help. When the Ugartes got there, they saw through the open front door that father Alex Ma was falling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with dirt. \"Is anyone else in the house?\" Eduardo asked. \"My son!\" Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor. Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and extreme heatforced him to his knees. He inched upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himself in a bedroom. \"I'd never seen smoke like that,\" says Eduardo. \"My glasses immediately turned black from the ash.\" As the fire spread across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the handle. But Cody didn't respond, and Eduardo made his way back downstairs. At the same time, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. \"Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,\" says Marcos. \"I knew I had to do something.\" He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed towards the boy. When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and persuaded Cody out. \"It's OK,\" Marcos told him. \"I've got you.\" Holding Cody with one arm, Marcos moved down the ladder. Halfway down, he handed the boy to a neighbor. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. \"Thank you for saving my son,\" Alex said. \"You are his hero forever.\"", "question": "What is Eduardo Ugarte's occupation?", "context": "Eduardo Ugarte's occupation is a Teacher.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eduardo Ugarte)-[HAS_OCCUPATION]->(Teacher)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0422", "coqa_story": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade \u00e2\u20ac\u201c this war on terrorism \u00e2\u20ac\u201c is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\" \n\nU.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated \"Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.\" In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from \"Global War on Terror\" to \"Overseas Contingency Operation\" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using \"Overseas Contingency Operation\". Basic objectives of the Bush administration \"war on terror\", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been \"effectively destroyed\", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is \"to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America\"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from \"Overseas Contingency Operations\" to \"Countering Violent Extremism\" in 2010.", "question": "On what date did Barack Obama give his inaugural address?", "context": "Barack Obama gave his inaugural address on 20 January 2009.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[GAVE_INAUGURAL_ADDRESS_ON]->(20 January 2009)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0423", "coqa_story": "What would you do if you found a snake in your house? Many people might be afraid or try to kill it. However, if you live in North Carolina in the USA, one thing you can do is to call the Snake Catchers. The Snake Catchers are four men who love snakes, even poisonous ones. Their newspaper advertisement says, \"Snake Catchers: free snake removal Please do not kill them -- Call us. \" The Snake Catchers, who started their service in 1998, don't charge anything for helping people. \"We do this as a hobby,\" explained Fred Johnson, one of the Snake Catchers. Because of their love of snakes, the Snake Catchers try to keep them alive. \"One man asked us to kill a python , so he could make a pair of boots from the skin. We refused, because we like snakes, and we don't want to see them killed, \" said Fred. Some of the snakes that they catch are kept as pets; some are given to the North Carolina State University. Most, including the poisonous snakes, are set free in the wild, usually in a national park. Fred suggests that people should treat snakes with care. \"Actually snakes are very shy and gentle creatures. They only attack if they are frightened. However, you have to know how to treat a snake properly!\" According to one happy family, the Snake Catchers are good. One day, the Greenwood family found a snake skin in the kitchen. They looked very carefully and saw a snake sleeping behind a cupboard. They thought about what to do. Then Steve Greenwood remembered the advertisement for the Snake Catchers. He called them. \"The Snake Catchers arrived within an hour and they finished the job quickly too,\" said Steve Greenwood. \"One of them went into the kitchen, found the snake and took it out alive. The Snake Catchers did a very good job.\" Last year, the Snake Catchers removed more than seventy snakes from houses in North Carolina.", "question": "What is he a member of?", "context": "Steve Greenwood is a member of Greenwood Family. Fred Johnson is a member of Snake Catchers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steve Greenwood)-[is member of]->(Greenwood Family) || (Fred Johnson)-[is member of]->(Snake Catchers)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0424", "coqa_story": "Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. \n\nGenetic engineering was used to introduce the \"mothers' milk\" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. \n\nAs an adult, the cloned cow \"will produce milk that is similar to humans\" in what will prove \"a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants\", it said in a statement. \n\n\"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk,\" the statement said. \n\nIn April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. \n\nBut the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. \n\nRosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. \n\nAdrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said \"Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection.\" \n\nCristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute \"makes all proud.\" She also revealed that she had rejected the \"honor\" of having the cow named after her. \"They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.\"", "question": "What does it provide?", "context": "Lysozyme provides Anti-Viral Protection. Lactoferrin provides Anti-Bacterial Protection.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lysozyme)-[provides]->(Anti-Viral Protection) || (Lactoferrin)-[provides]->(Anti-Bacterial Protection)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0425", "coqa_story": "The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the \u00c5\u0161rama\u00e1\u00b9\u2021a movement; the decline of \u00c5\u0161rauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. \n\nEvidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.", "question": "What is its date range?", "context": "Indus Valley Civilization has date range C. 3200 To 1300 Bce. Mature Harappan Period has date range 2600 To 1900 Bce.", "based_on_pattern": "(Indus Valley Civilization)-[has date range]->(C. 3200 To 1300 Bce) || (Mature Harappan Period)-[has date range]->(2600 To 1900 Bce)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0426", "coqa_story": "The Great Gatsby was not well received when it was published in 1926. F. Scott Fitzgerald appeared to destroy the American Dream, where in anyone, with enough hard work, could get rich and have whatever they wanted from life. He exposed the truth about such myths in this classic book. Basically, the plot could be described as follows: Poor boy goes East in search of wealth, bored and dissatisfied with inactive Mid West country life. He meets the super-rich there, attends parties and makes friends with one man in particular, a lonely millionaire of uncertain origins, Jay Gatsby. He becomes involved with these rich but immoral people, the worst of whom are his own cousin Daisy Buchanan, and her husband Tom. He observes, with dawning recognition, the corruption in their lives, how lacking in human values or ethical beliefs they seem to be. He watches tragedy unfold, brought about by the handlings of the wealthy, and visited on the poorer characters. He remains the only friend of Gatsby, arranging his funeral and mourning his death, and possibly the death of his own American Dream. He wakes up to the reality of what is important in life, and decides to choose what is of value to him. He returns to his origins, having recognized the worth of his up-bringing and the moral values it instilled. He sees that money is not everything. But let us look at this in a little more depth, because the novel is much more complicated than those simple outlines above suggest. The young man, Nick Caraway, aged 29, lived in a cottage on Long Island. He was an apprentice Wall Street trader, and in 1920s, when the novel is set, this job represented a way to get rich, the core value of the American Dream. Gatsby was a millionaire, who chased a dream too, one of rekindling love with Daisy, Nick's cousin, a bored, rich, totally unfeeling and spoilt woman. Her rich husband, Tom Buchanan, a businessman, was also less than moral, flattering his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, the wife of a garage owner. It was George Wilson's love for Myrtle that brought about the tragedy contained in the Gatsby plot. Gatsby wanted to recapture his dream of love. So he began an affair with Daisy; she was flattered and bored. This action helped to erode Nick's illusions, and show what wealth can do to people. Gatsby suffered from the realization that Daisy was not the wonderful person he dreamed of, but a shallow and materialistic person. Eventually, Tom Buchanan suspected what was happening between Gatsby and Daisy, and confronted Gatsby. It was soon after this that Daisy ran Myrtle Wilson down, while driving Gatsby's yellow automobile. The tragedy was begun, when Tom Buchanan put the idea into head of George Wilson, that Gatsby had killed Myrtle. In fact, Daisy was secure in the belief that superior status and wealth made her immune, and also, her character was such that she cared little for another human being. Tom Buchanan was the catalyst that sent the emotionally disturbed George to shoot Gatsby for killing Myrtle, then committing suicide. Two dreams turned to dust:George's of love and the chance to pursue the dream of capitalist endeavor and success, Gatsby's of recapturing romantic love and the more innocent past, when, in his mind, Daisy was golden and true. The complete destruction was symbolically expressed when none of Gatsby's rich \"friends\" were touched by his death. It was left to Nick, a relative stranger, to make the funeral arrangements. This highlighted the total shallowness of that wealthy, corrupt society, and showed what a worthless person Daisy herself was. At the end, Nick returned to the beliefs of his Mid Western upbringing. After one last meeting with Tom Buchanan, one last look at Gatsby's mansion, having buried his friend, he left for home. As Gatsby lost his dream and his life, Fitzgerald drew a portrait of the death of the American Dream.", "question": "Who arranged the funeral for Jay Gatsby?", "context": "Nick Caraway arranged the funeral for Jay Gatsby.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nick Caraway)-[ARRANGED_FUNERAL_FOR]->(Jay Gatsby)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0427", "coqa_story": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle Price: PS28.00 Publication Date: 30/11/2006 Publisher's description: Collect Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in late-nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies of Doyle, Holmes, and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society. Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:11/10/2006 Brief description: This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope. For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience. Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future. This biology of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision. In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:02/09/2006 Brief description: On 11th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the world Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe---in her school at the foot of the burning towers---he returned home, to mediate on the trauma , and to work on a comic strip . In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of \"the hijacking on 9.11 and the following hijacking of those events\" by America. Light on Snow by Anita Shreve Price: PS14.00 Publication Date:07/10/2006 Publisher's description: This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller. A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself. Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv Price: PS20.99 Publication Date:11/08/2006 Brief description: Camping in the garden, riding bikes through the woods, climbing trees, picking wildflowers, running through piles of autumn leaves... these are the things childhood memories are made of. But for a whole generation of today's children the pleasures of a free-range childhood are missing, and their indoor habits contribute to obesity, attention disorder and childhood depression. This book shows how our children have become increasingly distanced from nature, why this matters and how we can make a difference. Richard Louv is chairman of the Children and Nature Network and co-chair of the National Forum on Children and Nature. He is the author of seven other books and has written for newspapers and magazines including the New York Times and the Washington Post.", "question": "Who wrote it?", "context": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes was written by Arthur Conan Doyle. Breaking Ground was written by Daniel Libeskind. In The Shadow Of No Towers was written by Art Spiegelman. Light On Snow was written by Anita Shreve. Last Child In The Woods was written by Richard Louv.", "based_on_pattern": "(New Annotated Sherlock Holmes)-[written by]->(Arthur Conan Doyle) || (Breaking Ground)-[written by]->(Daniel Libeskind) || (In The Shadow Of No Towers)-[written by]->(Art Spiegelman) || (Light On Snow)-[written by]->(Anita Shreve) || (Last Child In The Woods)-[written by]->(Richard Louv)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0428", "coqa_story": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000. The three richest people in the world possess more financial assets than the lowest 48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the \"10 million dollar millionaires\" grew to nearly $41 trillion in 2008. A January 2014 report by Oxfam claims that the 85 wealthiest individuals in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50% of the world's population, or about 3.5 billion people. According to a Los Angeles Times analysis of the report, the wealthiest 1% owns 46% of the world's wealth; the 85 richest people, a small part of the wealthiest 1%, own about 0.7% of the human population's wealth, which is the same as the bottom half of the population. More recently, in January 2015, Oxfam reported that the wealthiest 1 percent will own more than half of the global wealth by 2016. An October 2014 study by Credit Suisse also claims that the top 1% now own nearly half of the world's wealth and that the accelerating disparity could trigger a recession. In October 2015, Credit Suisse published a study which shows global inequality continues to increase, and that half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile, whose assets each exceed $759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam claims that the 62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth as the poorer half of the global population combined. Oxfam's claims have however been questioned on the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts), the Oxfam report, for instance, finds that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (due to a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable source?][unreliable source?] Anthony Shorrocks, the lead author of the Credit Suisse report which is one of the sources of Oxfam's data, considers the criticism about debt to be a \"silly argument\" and \"a non-issue . . . a diversion.\"", "question": "What do they own?", "context": "85 Richest People owns 0.7% Of The Human Population'S Wealth. Wealthiest 1% owns 46% Of The World'S Wealth. Top 1% owns Nearly Half Of The World'S Wealth.", "based_on_pattern": "(85 Richest People)-[owns]->(0.7% Of The Human Population'S Wealth) || (Wealthiest 1%)-[owns]->(46% Of The World'S Wealth) || (Top 1%)-[owns]->(Nearly Half Of The World'S Wealth)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0429", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II \n\nDEW OF MORNING \n\nOutside, the Ingleside lawn was full of golden pools of sunshine and plots of alluring shadows. Rilla Blythe was swinging in the hammock under the big Scotch pine, Gertrude Oliver sat at its roots beside her, and Walter was stretched at full length on the grass, lost in a romance of chivalry wherein old heroes and beauties of dead and gone centuries lived vividly again for him. \n\nRilla was the \"baby\" of the Blythe family and was in a chronic state of secret indignation because nobody believed she was grown up. She was so nearly fifteen that she called herself that, and she was quite as tall as Di and Nan; also, she was nearly as pretty as Susan believed her to be. She had great, dreamy, hazel eyes, a milky skin dappled with little golden freckles, and delicately arched eyebrows, giving her a demure, questioning look which made people, especially lads in their teens, want to answer it. Her hair was ripely, ruddily brown and a little dent in her upper lip looked as if some good fairy had pressed it in with her finger at Rilla's christening. Rilla, whose best friends could not deny her share of vanity, thought her face would do very well, but worried over her figure, and wished her mother could be prevailed upon to let her wear longer dresses. She, who had been so plump and roly-poly in the old Rainbow Valley days, was incredibly slim now, in the arms-and-legs period. Jem and Shirley harrowed her soul by calling her \"Spider.\" Yet she somehow escaped awkwardness. There was something in her movements that made you think she never walked but always danced. She had been much petted and was a wee bit spoiled, but still the general opinion was that Rilla Blythe was a very sweet girl, even if she were not so clever as Nan and Di. ", "question": "According to Susan's belief, what is an attribute of Rilla Blythe?", "context": "Susan believes that Rilla Blythe is pretty.", "based_on_pattern": "(Susan)-[BELIEVES_IS_PRETTY]->(Rilla Blythe)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0430", "coqa_story": "Book 1 : Brack Obama \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nHis mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. But one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator . In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country's top job, President. \n\nBook 2: Danica Patrick \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nGrowing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties. \n\nBook 3: Ellen Ochoa \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nSome people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and ly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa's amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection! \n\nBook 4: LeBron James \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nFans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball Player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros. Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is.", "question": "What is their profession?", "context": "Ellen Ochoa is an Astronaut. Lebron James is a Basketball Player.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ellen Ochoa)-[is a]->(Astronaut) || (Lebron James)-[is a]->(Basketball Player)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0431", "coqa_story": "Children's Storybooks and Tales: This site is dedicated to Children's Story Books and how to tell Children's Stories. If you enjoy a child's story or have kids of your own then please browse this site to find some great stories and how to read them. \n\nThe Cat in the Hat---Dr. Seuss \n\nIn the first book featuring the character (The Cat in the Hat, 1957), the Cat brings chaos to a household of two young children on one rainy day while their mother is out. Bringing with him two creatures appropriately named Thing One and Thing Two, the Cat performs all sorts of tricks to amuse the children, with mixed results. The Cat's tricks are vainly opposed by the family pet, who is a conscious goldfish. The children (Sally and her older brother) finally prove good ones, capturing the Things and bringing the Cat under control. He cleans up the house on his way out, disappearing seconds before the mother comes back. \n\nThe Famous Fire---Enid Blyton \n\nThe Famous Fire is Enid Blyton's most popular and celebrated series of children's books. The sequence began life in 1942, when the first book, Fire on a Treasure Island was published and it has won great praise from both fans and critics. The series has gone on to become amongst the best-loved stories ever to have been written for children. \n\nTom and Pippo in the Garden---Helen Oxenbury \n\nIn 1988 Helen Oxenbury created a series of books featuring Tom, a naughty young boy, and his beloved stuffed monkey, Pippo. Ms. Oxenbury remarked that Tom was very much like her son \"when he was a little boy\". Like Tom, her son would often blame his misdeeds on his trusted buddy, the friendly family dog. \n\nThe BFG---Roald Dahl \n\nThe story is about an orphan girl named Sophie. One night when Sophie cannot sleep during the \"witching hour\" and sees a giant blowing something into bedroom windows down the street. The giant sees her, and although she tries to hide in the bed, he reaches through the window and carries her away to his home.", "question": "Which book series is 'Fire On A Treasure Island' a part of?", "context": "'Fire On A Treasure Island' is part of 'The Famous Fire' series.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fire On A Treasure Island)-[PART_OF]->(The Famous Fire)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0432", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "What is the price of the Google Nexus 7?", "context": "The Google Nexus 7 has a price of 199.", "based_on_pattern": "(Google Nexus 7)-[HAS_PRICE]->(199)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0433", "coqa_story": "The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better. \n\nEleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like \"guy\" and \"you know\" now appear in research papers. \n\nProfessor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet. \n\nDavid Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past. \n\nErin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression. \n\nAnd what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them? \n\nErin Jansen said, \"I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating.\" \n\nBut Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language.", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Eleanor Johnson has occupation English Professor. David Crystal has occupation British Linguist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eleanor Johnson)-[has occupation]->(English Professor) || (David Crystal)-[has occupation]->(British Linguist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0434", "coqa_story": "Technology is creating big changes in the music industry. Music lovers listen to and buy music on the Internet. They can watch live concerts of favorite artists online. And music makers, as well as music industry officials, use social media to reach an increase public interest. \n\nNick Sherwin is the founder of the band called Suburban Skies. He says today's technology permits a band to control its own future. He said, \"Social media is a wonderful thing. You can make use of it to reach the public.\" Sherwin says the Internet and social media have created possibilities for musicians. He says the new way to success is to give visitors more than one type of experience. \"The most important thing is the content. You have to have songs and videos to show the audience. But I think it is extremely important to do shows, to build your brand, and to make you well known, \" Sherwin said. \n\nMusic industry officials discussed the future of the business during an international conference in Los Angeles, California. They said musicians are choosing to perform live across the country, following the drop in CD sales in the Unites States. Rob Light is head of music with a creative artists agency. He said, \"Most of the income for artists is now coming from the live marketplace.\" \n\nAlong with the popularity of live music there has been a big increase in the number of music festivals. These events are advertised on social media. Pasquale Rotella leads Insomniac, a company that produces electronic dance music festivals in several countries. \"Someone could make it in their bedroom and put it out there. People can gain fans online without anyone's help. That has completely helped the growth of dance music. \" said Rotella. \n\nBob Pittman leads the radio organization -- Clear Channel Communication. He says music lovers are still listening to the radio, although there are new ways of finding music. He says 70 percent of Americans say they discover new music from what they hear on the radio. But Rob Light says radio will soon be a thing of the past. However, Nick Sherwin is not worried. He just wants to reach everyone who likes his style of music with the help of the Internet.", "question": "Who is the head of music with Creative Artists Agency?", "context": "Rob Light is the head of music with Creative Artists Agency.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rob Light)-[HEAD_OF_MUSIC_WITH]->(Creative Artists Agency)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0435", "coqa_story": "Passage 1 Mobile Phone Madness How much do you love your mobile phone? A Chinese student had to call 110 for help this week after he got his arm stuck in a toilet trying to rescue his mobile phone. After dropping his phone in the toilet, he decided to wrap(,) his arm in newspaper in the hopes of keeping clean. But the newspapers became larger in size in the water, and then even his roommates couldn't help him pull his arm out. So policemen were called and they spent an hour unsticking the stuck student. Passage 2 Crazy Pet Lovers How much do you love your pets? Many people in China are famous for how much they love their pets. They dress them up in fashionable clothing and buy them high quality food. But would they spend 7,000 English pounds (68,000 yuan) on a wedding for their pets? And that's what a couple in Brazil spent on a fancy wedding for their pet Yorkshire terriers( a kind of dog). Passage 3 Oh, rats! When something goes wrong, you can often hear Westerners cry \"Oh, rats\". But when it comes to Southern China, \"Oh, rats!\" can mean it's what you want for dinner. According to a report in China Daily, some restaurants in Guangzhou serve rat meat. But, actually, most of those rats are field mice. What would Mickey Mouse say? Passage 4 Liar , liar Here's some news that most women already know. Men tell more lies than women. The London Daily Mail cites a new study that says men tell about three lies a day, while women tell only two lies a day. Men are also less likely to feel guilty about lying, according to this week's survey of 3,000 people by a research organization called One Poll. According to the Poll, lying to our mothers is very popular. But then, so is lying at work. And both men and women will lie when it comes to how much they've drunk. So how easy is it to tell when someone is lying?", "question": "What is the meat being served as 'rat meat' in some Guangzhou restaurants actually made from?", "context": "The meat served as 'rat meat' is actually field mice.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rat Meat)-[IS_ACTUALLY]->(Field Mice)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0436", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "Who was the subject of an experiment conducted by Barry Marshall?", "context": "Barry Marshall experimented on himself.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barry Marshall)-[EXPERIMENTED_ON]->(Barry Marshall)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0437", "coqa_story": "Book 1 : Brack Obama \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nHis mother came from Kansas. His father came from Kenya. He grew up in Hawaii and Indonesia, far from the center of American politics. Few people had even heard of Brack Obama before 2004. But one powerful speech in Boston changed all that for the Illinois senator . In 2008, this inspiring leader ran for the country's top job, President. \n\nBook 2: Danica Patrick \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nGrowing up, Danica Patrick dreamed of racing in the Indianapolis 500. In 2005, her dream came true. Danica finished the race in fourth place, the best ever result by a woman. Three years later, she became the first female to win an IndyCar race. As a woman competing in a sport dominated by men, Danica faced many obstacles. But she never stopped believing in herself, no matter what the difficulties. \n\nBook 3: Ellen Ochoa \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nSome people dream of becoming stars. Ellen Ochoa dreamed of living among them! She worked hard to make her dream of becoming an astronaut come true. On April 8, 1993, she strapped herself in for the ride of her life aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Ochoa aimed high and ly went where no Hispanic woman had gone before. Find out about Ochoa's amazing journey in her own words and photos from her personal collection! \n\nBook 4: LeBron James \n\nGrades: 3-5 \n\nOur Price: $ 8.95 \n\nFans, teammates, and opponents know him as King James. Many people consider LeBron James to be the most talented basketball Player of his generation. But there is much more to his story. He overcame hard times as a kid and rose to national fame as a teenager. He then jumped right from high school to the pros. Along the way, LeBron never lost sight of where he came from or who he is.", "question": "Which state did Brack Obama represent as a senator?", "context": "Brack Obama represented Illinois as a senator.", "based_on_pattern": "(Brack Obama)-[SENATOR_OF]->(Illinois)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0438", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XVII. EXCLUDED \n\n\n\nBut I needn't tell you what to do, only do it out of hand, And charge whatever you like to charge, my lady won't make a stand. -\u00e2\u20ac\u201dT. HOOD. \n\nThe ladies' committee could not but meet over and over again, wandering about the gardens, which were now trimmed into order, to place the stalls and decide on what should and should not be. \n\nThere was to be an art stall, over which Mrs. Henderson was to preside. Here were to be the very graceful and beautiful articles of sculpture and Italian bijouterie that the Whites had sent home, and that were spared from the marble works; also Mrs. Grinstead's drawings, Captain Henderson's, those of others, screens and scrap- books and photographs. Jasper and a coadjutor or two undertook to photograph any one who wished it; and there too were displayed the Mouse-traps. Mrs. Henderson, sure to look beautiful, quite Madonna- like in her costume, would have the charge of the stall, with Gillian and two other girls, in Italian peasant-dresses, sent home by Aunt Ada. \n\nGillian was resolved on standing by her. \"Kalliope wants some one to give her courage,\" she said. \"Besides, I am the mother of the Mouse- trap, and I must see how it goes off.\" \n\nLady Flight and a bevy of young ladies of her selection were to preside over the flowers; Mrs. Yarley undertook the refreshments; Lady Merrifield the more ordinary bazaar stall. Her name was prized, and Anna was glad to shelter herself under her wing. The care of Valetta and Primrose, to say nothing of Dolores, was enough inducement to overcome any reluctance, and she was glad to be on the committee when vexed questions came on, such as Miss Pettifer's offer of a skirt-dance, which could not be so summarily dismissed as it had been at Beechcroft, for Lady Flight and Mrs. Varley wished for it, and even Mrs. Harper was ready to endure anything to raise the much- needed money, and almost thought Lady Merrifield too particular when she discontinued the dancing-class for Valetta and Primrose. ", "question": "Who is responsible for managing the refreshments?", "context": "Mrs. Yarley manages the refreshments.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. Yarley)-[MANAGES]->(Refreshments)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0439", "coqa_story": "British actor and comedian Rik Mayall died at 56 in London . As one of the leading lights of Britain's comedy scene in the 1980s , he is best known for starring roles in hit TV series Blackadder , The Young Ones , The New Statesman and Bottom . \n\nHis agent, Kate Benson told CNN Mayall died suddenly ; she did not know the cause of his death. \n\nMayall first found widespread fame in student sitcom \"The Young Ones,\" which ran for two years on the BBC, and was later shown on MTV in the United States. The series focused on the lives of four roommates at \"Scumbag College.\" \n\nWriter and comedian Ben Elton told the Press Association Mayall had \" changed his life \" by asking him to work on The Young Ones . \" He always made me cry with laughter , now he's just made me cry . \" \n\nIn the 1990s, Mayall played a role in Bottom , a series about two unemployed flat mates who spend most of their time attacking each other violently with anything that comes to hand . Mayall also branched out into movies , taking the lead role in 1991's Drop Dead Fred , in which he played the imaginary friend of Phoebe Cates , returning years later to cause trouble in the now grown-up Cates' life . \n\nMayall survived a bike accident in 1998; he was unconscious for five days after the crash, on his farm in Devon, southwest England, and developed epilepsy as a result of the severe head injury he suffered in the accident . In an interview several years later, he joked that he \"beat Jesus\" by coming back from the hell . He said the accident left him more aware of being alive. \n\nHouse star Hugh Laurie, who worked with Mayall on Blackadder, took to Twitter to recount a story about his co-star: \"A young girl, stricken with terminal cancer, once asked Rik Mayall for an autograph. He wrote: 'Young Ones are never afraid.'\"", "question": "What medical condition did Rik Mayall develop following his accident?", "context": "Following his accident, Rik Mayall developed Epilepsy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rik Mayall)-[DEVELOPED]->(Epilepsy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0440", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI \n\nThus William Wetherell became established in Coniston, and was started at last--poor man--upon a life that was fairly tranquil. Lem Hallowell had once covered him with blushes by unfolding a newspaper in the store and reading an editorial beginning: \"We publish today a new and attractive feature of the Guardian, a weekly contribution from a correspondent whose modesty is to be compared only with his genius as a writer. We are confident that the readers of our Raper will appreciate the letter in another column signed 'W. W.'\" And from that day William was accorded much of the deference due to a litterateur which the fates had hitherto denied him. Indeed, during the six years which we are about to skip over so lightly, he became a marked man in Coniston, and it was voted in towns meeting that he be intrusted with that most important of literary labors, the Town History of Coniston. \n\nDuring this period, too, there sprang up the strangest of intimacies between him and Jethro Bass. Surely no more dissimilar men than these have ever been friends, and that the friendship was sometimes misjudged was one of the clouds on William Wetherell's horizon. As the years went on he was still unable to pay off the mortgage; and sometimes, indeed, he could not even meet the interest, in spite of the princely sum he received from Mr. Willard of the Guardian. This was one of the clouds on Jethro's horizon, too, if men had but known it, and he took such moneys as Wetherell insisted upon giving him grudgingly enough. It is needless to say that he refrained from making use of Mr. Wetherell politically, although no poorer vessel for political purposes was ever constructed. It is quite as needless to say, perhaps, that Chester Perkins never got to be Chairman of the Board of Selectmen. ", "question": "What position did Chester Perkins fail to become?", "context": "Chester Perkins did not become the Chairman of the Board of Selectmen.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chester Perkins)-[DID_NOT_BECOME]->(Chairman Of The Board Of Selectmen)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0441", "coqa_story": "\"Mister D'Arcy is not a policeman. He is, however, very wise. He knew the police would search his apartment. He also knew how police think. So, he did not hide the letter where he knew they would look for it. \n\n\"Do you remember how Germont laughed when I said the mystery was difficult for him to solve because it was so simple?\" \n\nDupin filled his pipe with tobacco and lit it. \"Well, the more I thought about it, the more I realized the police could not find the letter because D'Arcy had not hidden it at all. \n\n\"So I went to visit D'Arcy in his apartment. I took a pair of dark green eyeglasses with me. I explained to him that I was having trouble with my eyes and needed to wear the dark glasses at all times. He believed me. The glasses permitted me to look around the apartment while I seemed only to be talking to him. \n\n\"I paid special attention to a large desk where there were a lot of papers and books. However, I saw nothing suspicious there. After a few minutes, however, I noticed a small shelf over the fireplace. A few postcards and a letter were lying on the shelf. The letter looked very old and dirty. \n\n\"As soon as I saw this letter, I decided it must be the one I was looking for. It must be, even though it was completely different from the one Germont had described. \n\n\"This letter had a large green stamp on it. The address was written in small letters in blue ink. I memorized every detail of the letter while I talked to D'Arcy. Then when he was not looking, I dropped one of my gloves on the floor under my chair. \n\n\"The next morning, I stopped at his apartment to look for my glove. While we were talking, we heard people shouting in the street. D'Arcy went to the window and looked out. Quickly, I stepped to the shelf and put the letter in my pocket. Then I replaced it with a letter that looked exactly like it, which I had made it the night before. \n\n\"The trouble in the street was caused by a man who had almost been run over by a horse and carriage. He was not hurt. And soon the crowd of people went away. When it was over, D'Arcy came away from the window. I said goodbye and left. \n\n\"The man who almost had an accident was one of my servants . I had paid him to create the incident.\" \n\nDupin stopped talking to light his pipe. I did not understand. \"But, Dupin,\" I said, \"why did you go to the trouble of replacing the letter? Why not just take it and leave?\" \n\nDupin smiled. \"D'Arcy is a dangerous man,\" he said. \"And he has many loyal servants. If I had taken the letter, I might never have left his apartment alive.\"", "question": "What color is it?", "context": "Stamp has color Green. Ink has color Blue.", "based_on_pattern": "(Stamp)-[has color]->(Green) || (Ink)-[has color]->(Blue)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0442", "coqa_story": "Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. \n\nPerhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Amp\u00c3\u00a8re's force law, was discovered later by Andr\u00c3\u00a9-Marie Amp\u00c3\u00a8re in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.", "question": "What was his occupation?", "context": "Michael Faraday was a Scientist. Andrew Gordon was a Monk.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael Faraday)-[has occupation]->(Scientist) || (Andrew Gordon)-[has occupation]->(Monk)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0443", "coqa_story": "Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers? \n\nOnce upon a time - July 20, 1969, to be specific - two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while.Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. \n\nUnfortunately, not quite.A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really isa fairy tale.They believe that the landings were a big hoax staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S.technology was the \"best\" in the whole wide world. \n\nWhich is the harder thing to do: Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple.You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp.I know you can because we did. \n\nHowever, last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon.That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax.The show's creator is a publicity hound who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon.Mr.X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him \"a thief, liar and coward\" until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr.X in the face. \n\nAnyway, NASA's publicity campaign began to slow down.The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA's effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round -- I mean, that we had gone to the moon -- was simply a waste of money.(Actually, the $15,000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E.Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.) \n\nIf NASA not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house.Armstrong is an extremely private man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience.Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque for his recent touch on the face of Mr.X.", "question": "What is his profession?", "context": "Buzz Aldrin is a Astronaut. James E. Oberg is a Astronomy Writer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Buzz Aldrin)-[is a]->(Astronaut) || (James E. Oberg)-[is a]->(Astronomy Writer)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0444", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XII \n\nTHE FEVER PATIENT \n\nWhen Harding scrambled to his feet, with his pistol still aimed, Clarke laughed. \n\n\"You're not only very rash--and very clumsy--but you're lucky. That's the only vacant tepee in the whole village. And my friends don't seem to have heard you.\" \n\nThey moved on very quickly and cautiously, and when they reached the thick willow bluff, where they were comparatively safe, Harding felt easier. \n\nIt was noon when they stumbled into camp, Harding ragged and exhausted, and Clarke limping after him in an even more pitiable state. The doctor had suffered badly from the hurried march; but his conductor would brook no delay, and the grim hints he had been given encouraged him to put forth his utmost exertion. \n\nBlake was alive, but when Harding bent over him he feared that help had come too late. His skin looked harsh and dry, his face had grown hollow, and his thick, strong hair had turned lank and was falling out. His eyes were vacant and unrecognizing when he turned them upon Harding. \n\n\"Here's your patient,\" the American said to Clarke. \"We expect you to cure him, and you had better get to work at once.\" \n\nThen his face grew troubled as he turned to Benson. \n\n\"How long has he been like that?\" he asked. \n\n\"The last two days. I'm afraid he's very bad.\" \n\nHarding sat down with a smothered groan. Every muscle seemed to ache; he could scarcely hold himself upright; and his heart was very heavy. He would miss Blake terribly. It was hard to think of going on without him; but he feared that this was inevitable. He was filled with a deep pity for the helpless man; but after a few moments his weary face grew stern. He had done all that he was able, and now Clarke, whom he believed to be a man of high medical skill, must do his part. If he were unsuccessful, it would be the worse for him. ", "question": "How does Harding perceive Clarke's abilities?", "context": "Harding considers Clarke to be skilled.", "based_on_pattern": "(Harding)-[CONSIDERS_SKILLED]->(Clarke)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0445", "coqa_story": "It was Christmas Eve. When everyone went to bed, Bunny couldn't fall asleep. He still couldn't think of what he wanted as a special Christmas present. He wondered how Santa -- Father Christmas would know what to bring him if he didn't know himself.,. . As he was sitting up in bed, Bunny heard a big noise on the roof and a sound downstairs. It was Santa Claus, he realized. Bunny jumped out of bed and ran down the hall to the stairs. He hoped to take a look at the old man before Santa left for his next stop. By the time Bunny was at the bottom of the stairs, everything was silent again. Lots of presents were put under the Christmas tree, but Santa was gone. A little disappointed , Bunny turned to climb back upstairs when he heard a cry. \"Hello,\" said Bunny. \"Is somebody there?\" He was answered by another cry. Bunny looked around the big pile of presents to see what was making the noise. Right under the tree was a funny looking brown animal with big feet and sad eyes. It also had antlers on its head. Bunny almost mistook it for a dog. \"Are you a reindeer?\" asked Bunny. \"Yes,\" replied the brown animal with antlers. \"My name is Ralph.\" \"And you were pulling Santa's sled ?\" \"I was until I got air-sick,\" replied Ralph. \"Santa had to leave me here and go on with the other seven reindeer.\" \"Isn't it a bit unusual for a reindeer to get air-sick? I mean, isn't flying what reindeer are famous for?\" \"Not me, I'm afraid. It makes me scared. I always feel sick when it comes to flying,\" replied Ralph. \"But everyone wanted me to pull Santa's sled, so when it was my turn I gave it a try. I'm afraid I just wasn't _ for the job. Now I'm stuck here and I don't know how to get back to the North Pole.\" \"Well, if you like, you can stay with us as a friend,\" said Bunny. As he made the offer, Bunny suddenly realized the special present he wanted from Santa was a new friend!", "question": "What is another name for Santa Claus?", "context": "Santa Claus is also known as Father Christmas.", "based_on_pattern": "(Santa Claus)-[IS_ALSO_KNOWN_AS]->(Father Christmas)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0446", "coqa_story": "Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (), is a federal republic in the southern portion of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (, singular \"provincia\") and one autonomous city (\"ciudad aut\u00c3\u00b3noma\"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation () as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. \n\nArgentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the R\u00c3\u00ado de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century.", "question": "During which period did Argentina become the seventh wealthiest nation in the world?", "context": "Argentina became the seventh wealthiest nation in the world in the Early 20th Century.", "based_on_pattern": "(Argentina)-[BECAME_SEVENTH_WEALTHIEST_NATION_IN]->(Early 20Th Century)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0447", "coqa_story": "Time:2017-01-24 From:kekenet.com Editor: clover \n\nThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump administration. \n\nJack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, he said, \"China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time. He's open-minded, he's listening.\" \n\n_ said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse. \n\nLast week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform. \n\nDuring the campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan. \n\nTrump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies. \n\nAccording to theSouth China Morning Post, Ma said, \"American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization.\" He added that the U.S. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization. \n\nHowever, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way. \n\nThe American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies. \n\nWilliam Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, \"we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market.\" \n\nAnother major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year. \n\nMa defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem. \n\n\"Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness,\" Ma said. \n\nI'm Mario Ritter.", "question": "Who holds the position of chairman at the American Chamber Of Commerce In China?", "context": "William Zarit is the chairman of the American Chamber Of Commerce In China.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Zarit)-[IS_CHAIRMAN_OF]->(American Chamber Of Commerce In China)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0448", "coqa_story": "ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Eric Hahn thought his financial situation was set after he was approved for a private student loan with an 8 percent interest rate to supplement his federal education loans. \n\nEric Hahn, 21, estimates he will be in debt for the next five to seven years for his undergraduate tuition. \n\nJust a few weeks later, Hahn, 21, was forced to cash in his savings and investments so he could make his rent and tuition after finding out that the lender, MyRichUncle.com, had suspended its private student loan program. \n\n\"Due to continued disruptions in the capital markets, combined with the continued demand we have experienced this year, we are reaching funding capacity limits,\" a message on his cell phone said, mimicking a statement on the company's Web site. \n\nThe sudden news left Hahn, a senior-year finance major, scrambling to find additional funding after maxing out his borrowing options from the federal government. Eventually, the country's leading student loan provider, Sallie Mae, approved him for a private loan at 12 percent. \n\nAfter he graduates, Hahn estimates it will take him anywhere from five to seven years to repay about $30,000 he will have borrowed by then. \n\n\"Money isn't cheap,\" said Hahn, who transferred to Georgia State University in Atlanta from the University of Connecticut last year because the tuition was less expensive. \"The process is time-consuming, and there's also the stress of having to liquidate my investments and wonder where I'm going to find money.\" \n\nAbout 8 percent of student borrowers rely on private loans, which tend to be costlier and stricter than federal loans, said Robert Shierman, executive director of the Institute for College Access and Success. In doing so, Hahn and others like him are getting a crash course in market volatility and its effects on the consumer's ability to find money. Watch how the current economic troubles affect consumers \u00c2\u00bb ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Georgia State University is located in Atlanta. Atlanta is located in Georgia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Georgia State University)-[located in]->(Atlanta) || (Atlanta)-[located in]->(Georgia)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0449", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St., Chicago \n\nBasic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50.Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge: $75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nStop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00pm. Dr John Goode is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking. \n\nTyping This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Material charge: $25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before. \n\nOil painting Oil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll at this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and learn to paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together with the teacher's knowledge and your passion-we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here. \n\nSinging This course shows you how to deliver an accomplished vocal performance on stage and in the studio. Develop your vocal talents with professional warm-up routines and learn vocal techniques to gain confidence in your performance. You'll learn to perform classic songs before exploring your own songwriting ideas with a tutor. And finally you'll get the chance to record in a professional studio. Singing tuition may be in groups or one-to-one. We have Choral singing, Gospel singing, Folk singing and many other styles of song. All styles are welcome and no previous experience is required. Please read on for course contents and reviews from our students. Course charge: $90. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30pm. Peter Syrus is a Grammy award winning tutor.", "question": "What is its course charge?", "context": "Oil Painting has a course charge of $35. Basic Photography has a course charge of $50. Stop Smoking has a course charge of $30. Typing has a course charge of $125. Singing has a course charge of $90. Understanding Computers has a course charge of $75.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oil Painting)-[has course charge]->($35) || (Basic Photography)-[has course charge]->($50) || (Stop Smoking)-[has course charge]->($30) || (Typing)-[has course charge]->($125) || (Singing)-[has course charge]->($90) || (Understanding Computers)-[has course charge]->($75)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0450", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "In what year is the Space Transporter scheduled to be retrieved?", "context": "The Space Transporter is scheduled to be retrieved in 2025.", "based_on_pattern": "(Space Transporter)-[HAS_RETRIEVE_DATE]->(2025)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0451", "coqa_story": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall. \n\nUniversity of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.", "question": "What is its enrollment?", "context": "The University Of Chicago has an enrollment of 15,000. The College has an enrollment of 5,000.", "based_on_pattern": "(University Of Chicago)-[has enrollment]->(15,000) || (The College)-[has enrollment]->(5,000)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0452", "coqa_story": "(EW.com ) -- Back in 1977, Ron Howard made his directorial debut with a low-budget, high-octane car-crash comedy called \"Grand Theft Auto.\" \n\nAs first impressions go, it did not signal the second coming of Orson Welles. But the freckle-faced former \"Happy Days\" star radiated an infectious delight in smashing as many roaring muscle cars as he could get away with. \n\nSince then, of course, Howard has become one of Hollywood's most consistent and respected filmmakers, crafting well-made crowd-pleasers that tackle more highbrow subjects. But judging from his white-knuckle new film, \"Rush,\" he hasn't outgrown his youthful sweet tooth for four-wheeled mayhem. He still has hot rods and the death-defying men who drive them on his mind. \n\nBased on the real-life rivalry between Formula One racing legends James Hunt and Niki Lauda, \"Rush\" is a tale of two opposite personalities eyeing the same checkered-flag goal: winning the 1976 world championship. Chris Hemsworth draws the flashier role in Hunt, a fast-burning British bad boy with flowing blond locks, silk shirts unbuttoned to his navel, and a rakish playboy swagger. \n\nOn and off the track, he's wild, cocky, and undisciplined \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a deadly combination when you're strapped into a coffin on wheels going 170 miles an hour. ''The closer you are to death, the more alive you feel,'' Hemsworth's Hunt says. And it's thanks to the \"Thor\" star's champagne-spraying charisma that he makes risking your neck look like the coolest job on the planet. \n\nAs Lauda, \"Inglourious Basterds'\" Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl buries his boyish good looks behind ratlike prosthetic teeth. With his clipped Austrian accent, everything that comes out of his mouth sounds like a brusque insult. And it usually is. He may not be a particularly likable fellow, but he's a methodical grinder with the unshakable conviction of someone who's calculated the odds on what it takes to win. Pitted against each other, they're like Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. It's not just about beating the other guy, it's about humiliating him in the process. ", "question": "Who did James Hunt have a rivalry with?", "context": "James Hunt had a rivalry with Niki Lauda.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Hunt)-[HAS_RIVALRY_WITH]->(Niki Lauda)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0453", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Which publishing house released the book titled 'The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade'?", "context": "The book 'The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade' was released by the publishing house Putnam.", "based_on_pattern": "('The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade')-[PUBLISHED_BY]->(Putnam)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0454", "coqa_story": "World Book Day is a celebration of all things wonderful about books for all ages, with author events, school fancy-dress parades and a PS1 book token given to all school children under 18. It is a yearly event on 23rd April, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) to promote reading. \n\nIn the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. On 3rd March 2016 children of all ages in the UK will come together to appreciate reading. Sometimes, reading a modern novel can be tough ( Booker Prize winner The Luminaries runs to 832 pages! ), especially if reading is not your strong suit. In fact, one in six people in the UK never pick up a book because they've experienced difficulties or are out of the habit of reading for pleasure. \n\nThe Galaxy Quick Reads series are designed to introduce reluctant readers to bestselling short funny novels, which bring the joy of reading without demanding hours of concentrated time. They cover a range of subjects, from romance to comedy. \n\nJojo Moyes's Paris For One is a romantic adventure in which 26-year-old Nell books a weekend away to Paris with her lazy, neglectful boyfriend. When he fails to turn up, she is alone in the city. That is, until she meets Fabien, who shows her the charms of the French capital -- in more ways than one. \n\nAdele Geras's moving story Out In The Dark was set in World War I, in which young Rob came back from the battlefields. Determined to find the officer's widow to return the photo of her and their daughter that the captain kept with him, he traveled several thousand miles but never gave up. \n\nDead Man Talking is a fantastic tale of Pat, who had a terrible fight with his best friend, Joe, ten years ago -- but now hears that Joe is dead, and he must attend his funeral. But Joe is not going quietly that very night -- he's lying in his coffin being very chatty indeed.", "question": "Which organization is responsible for organizing World Book Day?", "context": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization is responsible for organizing World Book Day.", "based_on_pattern": "(World Book Day)-[ORGANIZED_BY]->(United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0455", "coqa_story": "Technology is creating big changes in the music industry. Music lovers listen to and buy music on the Internet. They can watch live concerts of favorite artists online. And music makers, as well as music industry officials, use social media to reach an increase public interest. \n\nNick Sherwin is the founder of the band called Suburban Skies. He says today's technology permits a band to control its own future. He said, \"Social media is a wonderful thing. You can make use of it to reach the public.\" Sherwin says the Internet and social media have created possibilities for musicians. He says the new way to success is to give visitors more than one type of experience. \"The most important thing is the content. You have to have songs and videos to show the audience. But I think it is extremely important to do shows, to build your brand, and to make you well known, \" Sherwin said. \n\nMusic industry officials discussed the future of the business during an international conference in Los Angeles, California. They said musicians are choosing to perform live across the country, following the drop in CD sales in the Unites States. Rob Light is head of music with a creative artists agency. He said, \"Most of the income for artists is now coming from the live marketplace.\" \n\nAlong with the popularity of live music there has been a big increase in the number of music festivals. These events are advertised on social media. Pasquale Rotella leads Insomniac, a company that produces electronic dance music festivals in several countries. \"Someone could make it in their bedroom and put it out there. People can gain fans online without anyone's help. That has completely helped the growth of dance music. \" said Rotella. \n\nBob Pittman leads the radio organization -- Clear Channel Communication. He says music lovers are still listening to the radio, although there are new ways of finding music. He says 70 percent of Americans say they discover new music from what they hear on the radio. But Rob Light says radio will soon be a thing of the past. However, Nick Sherwin is not worried. He just wants to reach everyone who likes his style of music with the help of the Internet.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "International Conference is located in Los Angeles. Los Angeles is located in California.", "based_on_pattern": "(International Conference)-[located in]->(Los Angeles) || (Los Angeles)-[located in]->(California)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0456", "coqa_story": "Chapter X. -- FRIEDRICH DOES HIS MORAVIAN EXPEDITION WHICH PROVES A MERE MORAVIAN FORAY. \n\nWhile these Coronation splendors had been going on, Friedrich, in the Moravian regions, was making experiences of a rather painful kind; his Expedition prospering there far otherwise than he had expected. This winter Expedition to Mahren was one of the first Friedrich had ever undertaken on the Joint-stock Principle; and it proved of a kind rather to disgust him with that method in affairs of war. \n\nA deeply disappointing Expedition. The country hereabouts was in bad posture of defence; nothing between us and Vienna itself, in a manner. Rushing briskly forward, living on the country where needful, on that Iglau Magazine, on one's own Sechelles resources; rushing on, with the Saxons, with the French, emulous on the right hand and the left, a Captain like Friedrich might have gone far; Vienna itself--who knows!--not yet quite beyond the reach of him. Here was a way to check Khevenhuller in his Bavarian Operations, and whirl him back, double-quick, for another object nearer home!--But, alas, neither the Saxons nor the French would rush on, in the least emulous. The Saxons dragged heavily arear; the French Detachment (a poor 5,000 under Polastron, all that a captious Broglio could be persuaded to grant) would not rush at all, but paused on the very frontier of Moravia, Broglio so ordering, and there hung supine, or indeed went home. \n\nFriedrich remonstrated, argued, turned back to encourage; but it was in vain. The Saxon Bastard Princes \"lived for days in any Schloss they found comfortable;\" complaining always that there was no victual for their Troops; that the Prussians, always ahead, had eaten the country. No end to haggling; and, except on Friedrich's part, no hearty beginning to real business. \"If you wish at all to be 'King of Moravia,' what is this!\" thinks Friedrich justly. Broglio, too, was unmanageable,--piqued that Valori, not Broglio, had started the thing;--showed himself captious, dark, hysterically effervescent, now over-cautious, and again capable of rushing blindly headlong. ", "question": "What military unit was under the command of Polastron?", "context": "The French Detachment was under the command of Polastron.", "based_on_pattern": "(Polastron)-[COMMANDED]->(French Detachment)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0457", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER X. \n\nA BOLD ATTEMPT. \n\nDuring the next ten or eleven months poor Mrs. Trevennack had but one abiding terror--that a sudden access of irrepressible insanity might attack her husband before Cleer and Eustace could manage to get married. Trevennack, however, with unvarying tenderness, did his best in every way to calm her fears. Though no word on the subject passed between them directly, he let her feel with singular tact that he meant to keep himself under proper control. Whenever a dangerous topic cropped up in conversation, he would look across at her affectionately, with a reassuring smile. \"For Cleer's sake,\" he murmured often, if she was close by his side; \"for Cleer's sake, dearest!\" and his wife, mutely grateful, knew at once what he meant, and smiled approval sadly. \n\nHer heart was very full; her part was a hard one to play with fitting cheerfulness; but in his very madness itself she couldn't help loving, admiring, and respecting that strong, grave husband who fought so hard against his own profound convictions. \n\nTen months passed away, however, and Eustace Le Neve didn't seem to get much nearer any permanent appointment than ever. He began to tire at last of applying unsuccessfully for every passing vacancy. Now and then he got odd jobs, to be sure; but odd jobs won't do for a man to marry upon; and serious work seemed always to elude him. Walter Tyrrel did his best, no doubt, to hunt up all the directors of all the companies he knew; but no posts fell vacant on any line they were connected with. It grieved Walter to the heart, for he had always had the sincerest friendship for Eustace Le Neve; and now that Eustace was going to marry Cleer Trevennack, Walter felt himself doubly bound in honor to assist him. It was HE who had ruined the Trevennacks' hopes in life by his unintentional injury to their only son; the least he could do in return, he thought, and felt, was to make things as easy as possible for their daughter and her intended husband. ", "question": "What is the nature of the relationship between Walter Tyrrel and Eustace Le Neve?", "context": "Walter Tyrrel has a friendship with Eustace Le Neve.", "based_on_pattern": "(Walter Tyrrel)-[HAS_FRIENDSHIP_WITH]->(Eustace Le Neve)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0458", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "Who serves as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education at Emory University?", "context": "Tom Lancaster is the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education at Emory University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tom Lancaster)-[ASSOCIATE_DEAN_FOR_UNDERGRADUATE_EDUCATION_AT]->(Emory University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0459", "coqa_story": "One day in my class, Maria shared her feelings about money, \"Money worries me. I think I want to live without money because I hate it. I HATE MONEY.\" We were all touched by Maria's words as they reminded us of the spiritual burdens that money managing can bring to us. After class I offered to help Maria deal with her financial problems. She hesitated to accept my offer, and I could see from the expression on her face that she was afraid of what it might involve. I quickly promised her that I wouldn't make her do more than she was able to. I told her frankly that I didn't enjoy managing my money any more than she did hers and wouldn't burden her with guilt, judgments, or impossible tasks. All I would ask her to do was to let me help her look at her fears and try to make some sense of them. \n\nMaria still resisted my offer, and I can remember the excuses she gave me as they were the repeated complaints I had heard from so many people. \"I'11 never understand money,\" she said. \"My facts are meaningless.\" \"I don't deserve to have money.\" \"I never have enough,\" \"I have too little to manage.\" \"My financial position isn't worth looking at.\" and the most _ one of all, \"I just can't do it.\" \n\nGoing home that day, I couldn't get Maria out of my mind: Her attitude conveyed the same negativity and fear that I believed annoyed many people. I was sure it was this attitude that prevented people from managing their money effectively. My counseling has taught me that these anxieties are inseparably connected to our self-doubts and fear for survival. Many of us are terrified of handling our money because we don't believe we can do it well, and to do it wrong would put our very existence at risk. \n\nOn a deeper level we know that money is not the source of life, but sense of worth drives us to act as if it were. It locks us up in self-doubts and prevents us from tapping into the true source of our management power, our spirit.", "question": "What prevents access to the Spirit?", "context": "Self-Doubts prevent access to the Spirit.", "based_on_pattern": "(Self-Doubts)-[PREVENTS_ACCESS_TO]->(Spirit)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0460", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police said authorities Friday took a fourth person into custody in their ongoing investigation into domestic terrorism. \n\nThe RCMP said its Integrated National Security Enforcement Team executed a search warrant in Ottawa and took one person into custody. No charges have been filed. \n\nEarlier Friday, a Canadian government source close to the investigation said the three men arrested previously \"are not card-carrying members of al Qaeda but they follow in the movement and show common trends.\" \n\nRCMP Chief Superintendent Serge Therriault said Thursday the three suspects are Canadian citizens living in Ontario -- Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh, 30, of Ottawa; Misbahuddin Ahmed, 26, of Ottawa; and Khurram Syed Sher, 28, of London. \n\nThe name of the suspect arrested Friday has not been released. \n\nAlizadeh faces three charges: conspiracy, committing an act for a terrorist group and providing or making available property for terrorist purposes. Canadian federal prosecutor David McKercher told CNN the three charges carry maximum sentences ranging from ten years to life in prison. \n\nAhmed has been charged with conspiracy, but he could face more charges, according to his defense attorney. Ian Carter told CNN he met with Ahmed for half an hour. Asked how the suspect was feeling, Carter said, \"He is in shock.\" Ahmed is married and has a 7-month-old daughter. \n\nSher also is charged with conspiracy, officials said. \n\nThe RCMP said the three suspects were arrested under Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act, passed in 2001. \n\nTherriault said that a yearlong investigation found that in addition to forming part of a terror cell, the suspects possessed schematics, videos, drawings, instructions, books and electrical components designed specifically for the construction of improvised explosive devices. He said authorities seized more than 50 circuit boards designed to remotely detonate IEDs. ", "question": "What are they a part of?", "context": "Integrated National Security Enforcement Team is part of Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Three Suspects are part of a Terror Cell.", "based_on_pattern": "(Integrated National Security Enforcement Team)-[part of]->(Royal Canadian Mounted Police) || (Three Suspects)-[part of]->(Terror Cell)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0461", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty and Golden Gate Bridge are great tourist sites. But if you prefer _ destinations, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Records. Visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum claims to have the world's largest collection of prepared mustard . Its more than 4, 100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much, if any, thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers. ks5u", "question": "What did he create?", "context": "Michael Carmichael created the World'S Largest Ball Of Paint. Glenn Johnson created The Museum Of Dirt. Barry Levenson created the Mount Horeb Mustard Museum.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael Carmichael)-[created]->(World'S Largest Ball Of Paint) || (Glenn Johnson)-[created]->(The Museum Of Dirt) || (Barry Levenson)-[created]->(Mount Horeb Mustard Museum)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0462", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IV \n\nTHE WAY INTO PRINT \n\nSam Cotting's General Store at Millville divided importance with Bob West's hardware store but was a more popular loafing place for the sparse population of the tiny town. The post office was located in one corner and the telephone booth in another, and this latter institution was regarded with much awe by the simple natives. Once in awhile some one would telephone over to the Junction on some trivial business, but the long-distance call was never employed except by the \"nabobs\"--the local name for John Merrick and his nieces--or by the manager of the new mill at Royal, who had extended the line to his own office in the heart of the pine forest. \n\nSo, when Uncle John and the girls entered Cotting's store and the little gentleman shut himself up in the telephone booth, a ripple of excitement spread throughout the neighborhood. Skim Clark, the youthful hope of the Widow Clark, who \"run the Emporium,\" happened to be in the store and he rushed out to spread the news that \"the nabob's talkin' to New Yoruk!\" \n\nThis information demanded immediate attention. Marshall McMahon McNutt, familiarly known as \"Peggy\" McNutt--because he had once lost a foot in a mowing machine--and who was alleged to be a real estate agent, horse doctor, fancy poultry breeder and palmist, and who also dabbled in the sale of subscription books, life insurance, liniment and watermelons, quickly slid off his front porch across the way and sauntered into Cotting's to participate in the excitement. Seth Davis, the blacksmith, dropped his tools and hurried to the store, and the druggist three doors away--a dapper gentleman known as Nib Corkins--hurriedly locked his door and attended the meeting. Presently the curious group was enlarged by the addition of Nick Thome the liveryman, Lon Taft, a carpenter and general man-of-all-work, and Silas Caldwell the miller, the latter a serious individual who had \"jest happened to come acrost from the mill in the nick o' time.\" ", "question": "What is their alias?", "context": "Uncle John is an alias of John Merrick. The Girls is an alias of Nieces.", "based_on_pattern": "(Uncle John)-[is alias of]->(John Merrick) || (The Girls)-[is alias of]->(Nieces)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0463", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "In what specific way does Miss Stacy provide help to Anne?", "context": "Miss Stacy helps Anne with her studies.", "based_on_pattern": "(Miss Stacy)-[HELPS_WITH_STUDIES]->(Anne)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0464", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "What was the original intended use for Kevlar when it was first developed?", "context": "Kevlar was originally intended for use in car tires.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kevlar)-[INTENDED_FOR]->(Car Tires)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0465", "coqa_story": "To some, it's a dream job---eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But _ \n\nKaren Fernau, a food writer for The Arisona Republic, said when she first started her job -she began to gain weight. \"I always looked forward to lunch before this job, then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day. \" she says. Nine years later, keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle. If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four-course meal, she usually eats fruits or salads throughout the day. Now she is always keeping track of what's in the food she eats and she says most people don't even look at or consider it. At one tasting task alone, she says, upward of l,000 calories is often added to her day. That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. \n\nBut even though she's thought of a special eating method, Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle. And food editors, writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more. \"When I'm at home or not eating for work, it's healthy food to the extreme,\" says Phil Vettel, who's been a restaurant critic for the Chicago Tribune for 19 years. \n\nVettle, who eats dinner at four restaurants each week, says unlike most professions, he has no right to choose. \"If I'm going out to eat, I can't choose the healthiest thing on the menu, I have to eat when they're bringing me. \" While Vettel exercises when he can, Joe Yonan, a food editor at The Washington Post, has strengthened his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago. Yonan says he realized early on that he was gaining weight and immediately hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week, on top of his body training three to five times a week. \n\nStill, it's a struggle that many Americans might envy. After all, it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails or a delicate chocolate cookie and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.", "question": "What is their profession?", "context": "Karen Fernau is a Food Writer. Phil Vettel is a Restaurant Critic. Joe Yonan is a Food Editor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karen Fernau)-[is a]->(Food Writer) || (Phil Vettel)-[is a]->(Restaurant Critic) || (Joe Yonan)-[is a]->(Food Editor)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0466", "coqa_story": "Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens: \n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).", "question": "What does it cause?", "context": "Microorganism causes Disease. Mycobacteria causes Tuberculosis. Treponema Pallidum causes Syphilis.", "based_on_pattern": "(Microorganism)-[causes]->(Disease) || (Mycobacteria)-[causes]->(Tuberculosis) || (Treponema Pallidum)-[causes]->(Syphilis)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0467", "coqa_story": "The Roaring Twenties was the period of Western society and Western culture that occurred during and around the 1920s. It was a period of sustained economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States and Western Europe, particularly in major cities such as Berlin, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, New York City, Paris, and Sydney. In the French Third Republic, the decade was known as the \"\"ann\u00c3\u00a9es folles\"\" (\"Crazy Years\"), emphasizing the era's social, artistic and cultural dynamism. Jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined the modern look for British and American women, and Art Deco peaked. Not everything roared: in the wake of the hyper-emotional patriotism of World War I, Warren G. Harding brought back normalcy to the politics of the United States. This era saw the large-scale use of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, radio, and electric appliances. Aviation became a business. The economies saw rapid industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand, plus significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media focused on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars, as cities rooted for their home teams and filled the new palatial cinemas and gigantic sports stadiums. In most major democratic states, women won the right to vote. \n\nThe social and cultural features known as the Roaring Twenties began in leading metropolitan centers, then spread widely in the aftermath of World War I. The United States gained dominance in world finance. Thus, when Germany could no longer afford to pay World War I reparations to the United Kingdom, France and the other Allied Powers, the United States came up with the Dawes Plan; named after banker, and later 30th Vice President Charles G. Dawes, respectively. Wall Street invested heavily in Germany, which repaid its reparations to countries that, in turn, used the dollars to pay off their war debts to Washington. By the middle of the decade, prosperity was widespread, with the second half of the decade known, especially in Germany, as the \"Golden Twenties\".", "question": "What was it known as?", "context": "Germany was known as Golden Twenties. French Third Republic was known as Ann\u00c3\u00a9es Folles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Germany)-[known as]->(Golden Twenties) || (French Third Republic)-[known as]->(Ann\u00c3\u00a3\u00c2\u00a9Es Folles)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0468", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "Over which territory has Pakistan fought a war?", "context": "Pakistan has fought a war over Kashmir.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pakistan)-[FOUGHT_WAR_OVER]->(Kashmir)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0469", "coqa_story": "A couple who held hands at breakfast every morning even after 70 years of marriage have died 15 hours apart. Helen Felumlee, died at 92 on April 12. Her husband, 91-year-old Kenneth Felumlee, died the next morning. \n\nThe couple's eight children say the two had been inseparable since meeting as teenagers, once sharing the bottom of a bunk bed on a ferry rather than sleeping on night apart. \n\nThey remained deeply in love until the very end, even eating breakfast together while holding hands, said their daughter, Linda Cody. \"We knew when one went, the other was going to go,\" she said. According to Cody, about 12 hours after Helen died, Kenneth looked at his children and said, \"Mon's dead.\" He quickly began to fade, surrounded by 24 of his closest family members and friends when he died the next morning. \"He was ready,\" Cody said, \"He just didn't want to leave her here by herself.\" \n\nSon Dick said his parents died of old age, surrounded by family. \n\nThe pair had known each other for several years when they eloped in Newport across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, on Feb. 20, 1994. At two days shy of his 21stbirthday, Kenneth-who went by Kenny-was too young to marry in Ohio. \"He couldn't wait.' son Jim said. \n\nKenneth worked as a railroad car inspector and mechanic before becoming a mail carrier for the Post Office. He was active in the church as a Sunday teacher. \n\nHelen stayed at home, not only cooking and cleaning for her own family but also for other families in need in the area. She taught Sunday school, too, but was known more for her greeting card ministry, sending cards for birthdays, sympathy and the holidays to everyone in her community, each with a personal note inside. \"She kept Hallmark in business,\" daughter-in-law Debbie joked. \n\nWhen Kenneth retired in 1983 and the children began to leave the house, the Felumlees began to explore their love of travel, visiting almost all 50 states by bus. \"He didn't want to fly anywhere because you couldn't see anything as you were going,\" Jim said. \n\nAlthough both experienced declining health in recent years, Cody said, each tried to stay strong for the other. \"That's what kept them going,\" she said.", "question": "What activity was Helen Felumlee particularly known for?", "context": "Helen Felumlee was known for her Greeting Card Ministry.", "based_on_pattern": "(Helen Felumlee)-[KNOWN_FOR]->(Greeting Card Ministry)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0470", "coqa_story": "It was near dusk, and Kim Cooper and her husband, Steve, were trucking through northern Kentucky transportation auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company. \"Steve, wake up!\" she shouted. \"There's a truck on fire!\" Inside the burning truck, Ronnie Sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. He'd been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianapolis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. As Ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. The truck's bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush everyone inside the van. \"I figured instead of killing other people, I'd just put the truck in the ditch.\" At the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious. He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire. Steve dashed to Ronnie, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. Ronnie had used his pocket knife to cut himself free from the driver's side seat belt only to get his boot trapped in another one. Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him. He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him. But Ronnie's legs were still burning, so Steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames with it. He'd managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of the truck's 150 gallon fuel tanks exploded. Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. Ronnie spent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth. In February, the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from the Open Road Foundation for rescuing an injured driver. Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero: \"If he hadn't gone into the ditch, he would have hit that van. It was his decision to drive off the road.\" \"I feel pretty good about it,\" says Ronnie. \"A lot of people could have been hurt.\"", "question": "Who does Steve consider to be a hero?", "context": "Steve considers Ronnie Sanders to be a hero.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steve)-[CONSIDERS_HERO]->(Ronnie Sanders)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0471", "coqa_story": "Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is the main character in the fictional Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname. \n\nIn the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter, who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback. The hunter supposedly walked more than a hundred miles back to civilization and miraculously survived his injuries. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten-off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still _ by the idea of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his old-fashioned views, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. \n\nFeeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how, despite his expert knowledge of living outdoors, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's boyfriend, Richard, but they do not get along. By the end of the film, Mick is on his way home, lovesick, when Sue realizes she loves Mick, too, and not Richard. She runs to the subway station to stop Mick from leaving and, by passing on messages through the packed-to-the-gills crowd, she tells him she won't marry Richard, and she loves him instead. With the help of the other people in the subway, Mick and Sue have a loving reunion as the film ends.", "question": "What is the occupation of the character Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\"?", "context": "The occupation of Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" is a Crocodile Hunter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\")-[HAS_OCCUPATION]->(Crocodile Hunter)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0472", "coqa_story": "Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic \"Summertime Blues\", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including \"Born to Be Wild\", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969). Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track, using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound. \n\nFrom outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974\u00e2\u20ac\u201c75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit \"The Boys Are Back in Town\", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Mot\u00c3\u00b6rhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.", "question": "Which country are they from?", "context": "Thin Lizzy is from Ireland. Scorpions is from Germany. Ac/Dc is from Australia. Rush is from Canada.", "based_on_pattern": "(Thin Lizzy)-[from country]->(Ireland) || (Scorpions)-[from country]->(Germany) || (Ac/Dc)-[from country]->(Australia) || (Rush)-[from country]->(Canada)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0473", "coqa_story": "Genzeb Tibeb is very bright. At only 11 years old, her future is looking promising. She is ranked 2nd Out of 56 students at her govemment school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where she has been seleeted for a special program because of her talent. She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program. \n\nBut her future hasn't always looked so bright. While her mother, Bekelech, sacrificed immensely for Genzeb, she would not have been able to continue sending her to school. When her husband died, Bekelech was the sole provider for their five children. In order for them to survive, she began the daily routine of walking approximately 8-10 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 8' x 10' home in Kichene. It wouldn't have been long before Genzeb would have been, forced to quit school in order to help her mom. But Bright Future changed all that. \n\nGenzeb has been at Bright Future for 3 years. Since Ethiopian schools let out early, Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch. Because of her high ability, she even helps teach the younger children there, building confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills. There's also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies. Field trips are one of her most favorite activities of all. She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University. \n\nShe knows it goes beyond fun trips, though. \"I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future,\" Genzeb shares. At so many levels, her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education, which she values. For one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor. And now she knows, that with a lot of hard work, that dream might just become a reality.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Addis Ababa University is located in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa is located in Ethiopia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Addis Ababa University)-[located in]->(Addis Ababa) || (Addis Ababa)-[located in]->(Ethiopia)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0474", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VII \n\nAs Eustace was returning, his attention was caught by repeated groans, which proceeded from a wretched little hovel almost level with the earth. \"Hark!\" said he to Ingram, a tall stout man-at-arms from the Lynwood estate. \"Didst thou not hear a groaning?\" \n\n\"Some of the Castilians, Sir. To think that the brutes should be content to live in holes not fit for swine!\" \n\n\"But methought it was an English tongue. Listen, John!\" \n\nAnd in truth English ejaculations mingled with the moans: \"To St. Joseph of Glastonbury, a shrine of silver! Blessed Lady of Taunton, a silver candlestick! Oh! St. Dunstan!\" \n\nEustace doubted no longer; and stooping down and entering the hut, he beheld, as well as the darkness would allow him, Leonard Ashton himself, stretched on some mouldy rushes, and so much altered, that he could scarcely have been recognized as the sturdy, ruddy youth who had quitted the Lances of Lynwood but five weeks before. \n\n\"Eustace! Eustace!\" he exclaimed, as the face of his late companion appeared. \"Can it be you? Have the saints sent you to my succour?\" \n\n\"It is I, myself, Leonard,\" replied Eustace; \"and I hope to aid you. How is it--\" \n\n\"Let me feel your hand, that I may be sure you are flesh and blood,\" cried Ashton, raising himself and grasping Eustace's hand between his own, which burnt like fire; then, lowering his voice to a whisper of horror, \"She is a witch!\" \n\n\"Who?\" asked Eustace, making the sign of the cross. \n\nLeonard pointed to a kind of partition which crossed the hut, beyond which Eustace could perceive an old hag-like woman, bending over a cauldron which was placed on the fire. Having made this effort, he sank back, hiding his face with his cloak, and trembling in every limb. A thrill of dismay passed over the Knight, and the giant, John Ingram, stood shaking like an aspen, pale as death, and crossing himself perpetually. \"Oh, take me from this place, Eustace,\" repeated Leonard, \"or I am a dead man, both body and soul!\" ", "question": "Which military group was Leonard Ashton formerly a member of?", "context": "Leonard Ashton was formerly a member of the Lances Of Lynwood.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leonard Ashton)-[FORMERLY_OF]->(Lances Of Lynwood)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0475", "coqa_story": "Isabella Stewart was born in New York City in 1 840.Her father made a great deal of money in the trade.During school,her parents took her to Italy to explore the country's many cultural treasures. \n\nOne of the private art collections Isabella visited in Milan had a deep influence on her.She wrote to her friends about her dream of owning a house one day with an art collection like the one she had seen in Italy. \n\nIn Paris,Isabella became close friends with one of her classmates,Julia Gardner,whose family was from Boston.Julia would later introduce Isabella to her brother,Jack.In 1 860,Isabella Stewart married Jack Gardner. \n\nThe couple had too much art to fit inside their home.So they decided to start planning a museum.Mrs. Gardner didn't like the cold and empty.spaces of many museums during her time.She wanted a warm museum filled with light.She once said that she decided years ago that the greatest need in her country was art.America was a young country developing quickly in other areas.But the country needed more chances for people to See beautiful examples of art. \n\nAfter her husband's death in 1 898.Isabella knew she had no time to lose in building her museum.She bought land,hired a building designer,and supervised every detail of her museum's construction. \n\nMrs.Gardner opened her museum on January 1,1 903,which was then called Fenway Court.She invited her friends that night for a special musical performance.The next month,she opened the museum to the public.At first,visits were limited to twenty days out of the year.Visitors paid one dollar to enter. \n\nIsabella Stewart Gardner died in 1 924 in Boston.In her will,she left the museum a million dollars and a series of requirements about how it should be managed, one that the permanent collection cannot be changed.", "question": "When did they die?", "context": "Isabella Stewart Gardner died on 1924. Jack Gardner died on 1898.", "based_on_pattern": "(Isabella Stewart Gardner)-[died on]->(1924) || (Jack Gardner)-[died on]->(1898)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0476", "coqa_story": "Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. \n\nSeveral yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. \n\nBut when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, \"Oh, my God, she fell in!\" Frank didn't hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. \"No! Not you! \" his girlfriend screamed after him. \n\nShe was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. \n\nIt was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. \n\nLisa thought she'd been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. \n\nPolice and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. \"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die.\" she explained.", "question": "What is their age?", "context": "Lisa is 25 years old. Frank is 43 years old.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lisa)-[has age]->(25) || (Frank)-[has age]->(43)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0477", "coqa_story": "Long ago, Bluebird's feathers were the colour of dust. She did not like her ugly colour. She was attracted by the colour of the lake near her home. It was as blue as the sky after a storm. Bluebird wanted to be the colour of that beautiful lake very much. Flapping her wings one morning, Bluebird flew from her tree to the blue lake. Then she bathed in the water three times. After each bath, she sang, \"Blue water. Still water. I went in. I am blue.\" Bluebird repeated this every morning. On the third day, she came out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Now Coyote was a trickster --and hungry too. He stayed behind Bluebird's tree for a long time every day and watched her go to the lake. He pretended to be interested in everything she did. He wanted Bluebird for lunch, but he was afraid of the blue water. On the third morning, Coyote saw Bluebird come out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Impressed, he sat next to Bluebird's tree and waited for her. When she returned, he asked, \"How did you get blue feathers? I want to be blue like the mountains too.\" Bluebird didn't believe Coyote, but she taught him how to bathe three times each morning and how to sing her song. Coyote did what she said, and after three days of bathing in the lake, his white fur turned deep blue. Convinced that blue fur was even more beautiful than blue feathers, Coyote forgot all about being hungry. He ran as fast as he could to the top of the hill. Standing on his back legs, he raised his front legs off the ground and howled. But Coyote slipped and rolled down the hill. He couldn't stop himself, and the dust and dirt covered his new blue fur. He rolled and rolled until he hit into Bluebird's tree heavily. No matter how much he tried, foolish Coyote could not shake the dust from his fur. And so the fur of all coyotes had the dull colour of dust to this very day.", "question": "What did it want to be the color of?", "context": "The Bluebird wanted to be the color of the Lake. The Coyote wanted to be the color of the Mountains.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bluebird)-[wanted to be color of]->(Lake) || (Coyote)-[wanted to be color of]->(Mountains)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0478", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "When was it published?", "context": "The Mathematical Analysis Of Logic was published in 1847. An Investigation Of The Laws Of Thought was published in 1854.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Mathematical Analysis Of Logic)-[published in]->(1847) || (An Investigation Of The Laws Of Thought)-[published in]->(1854)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0479", "coqa_story": "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced , like \"Noah\") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas, guides the use and protection of ocean and coastal resources and conducts research to provide understanding and improve stewardship of the environment. In addition to its over 11,000 civilian employees, NOAA research and operations are supported by 321 uniformed service members who make up the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps. NOAA traces its history back to the convergence of multiple agencies: The United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey (founded in 1807), the Weather Bureau (1870) and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (1871). NOAA was officially formed in 1970. The acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the Department of Commerce and the agency's interim administrator has been Benjamin Friedman since the end of the Obama administration on January\u00c2\u00a020, 2017. \n\nNOAA plays several specific roles in society, the benefits of which extend beyond the U.S. economy and into the larger global community: \n\nThe five \"fundamental activities\" are: \n\nNOAA was formed on October 3, 1970, after U.S. President Richard Nixon proposed creating a new agency to serve a national need \"or better protection of life and property from natural hazards\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6for a better understanding of the total environment\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6[and] for exploration and development leading to the intelligent use of our marine resources.\" NOAA formed a conglomeration of several existing scientific agencies that were among the oldest in the federal government. They were the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, formed in 1807; the Weather Bureau, formed in 1870\u00e2\u20ac\u201dGeodetic Survey and Weather Service had been combined by a 1965 consolidation into the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), including the uniformed Commissioned Corp (founded 1917); and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, formed in 1871. NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1970. In 2007, NOAA celebrated 200 years of service with its ties to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.", "question": "Who proposed the creation of the National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration?", "context": "Richard Nixon proposed the creation of the National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Nixon)-[PROPOSED]->(National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0480", "coqa_story": "When I entered college in the early 1980s, I had my heart set on being a first-grade teacher. I did all of my observations in others' first-grade classroom. I interviewed for my first job in a first-grade classroom. At last the district offered me a job---as a fifth-grade teacher in an inner-city building, considered at the time to be one of our district's most difficult tasks. It wasn't the first-grade classroom after I had hoped for, but it was my classroom after I had made such great efforts! \n\nI managed to deal with everything in first year successfully, while working to form relationships with my students was no easy thing, especially with Alexader. He had learning disabilities in both math and reading. The other children were sometimes unfriendly to him. He was a difficult child to get to open up, but I was determined to make efforts. \n\nYou can imagine my delight when finally, in late spring, Alexander raised his hand during the math class discussion for the first time ever. Thrilled, I immediately called him. \n\nWell, you can imagine my surprise when he suddenly told a story about his grandma, who had a hole in her head. You see, we were studying fraction that day, and I had just explained that a fraction is \"a part of a whole\". Alexander obviously didn't realize the difference between \"whole\" and \"hole\". \"Homophones ''I told myself,\"had better be tomorrow's English lesson.\" \n\nAcknowledging Alexander that day was exactly what he needed from me. We had suddenly developed a special relationship. Alexander felt such a connection to me after that, that he even went one step further. \n\nI arrived at the school the following morning and was surprised to find Alexander and his grandma waiting for me. Grandma began by saying,\"Alexander said he told you that I had a hole in my head.\"I smiled nervously and said ,\"Don't worry. You know kids! They have great imaginations\"Grandma replied,\"You didn't believe him, did you?\"\"No, of course not,\"I said .Well, just at that time, Grandma proudly showed the hole in her head. \n\nI will never forget that day, and the lesson that I learned from being Alexander's teacher. \n\nIf a child ever again tells me about a family member with a hole in his or her head, I will believe him or her!", "question": "In which subject is the concept of fractions taught?", "context": "The concept of fractions is taught in Math.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fraction)-[IS_CONCEPT_IN]->(Math)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0481", "coqa_story": "There's nothing like experiencing history to understand it.So instead of reading about the U.S.Civil War in textbooks,some schoolchildren in Virginia are creating videos related to the conflict,in which the northern Union and southern Confederate states fought over several issues,including slavery,from l861--1865. \n\nIn one scene, children act as two Union generals, meeting at the Kaploan Klver in central Virginia.The l2-and l3-year-olds are producing a mini--video on the key role temporary pontoon bridges played during the war.After building and crossing a pontoon bridge,Union soldiers defeated a Confederate army in the Battle of the Wilderness. \n\nIn another scene,students act as soldiers who are marching to the river with guns.Today,the area is part of a national military park.Park Educational Coordinator Peter Maugle shows the children how to hold the fake guns.\"Hopefully they will understand why these places are important through projects and programs like this,and they will make an effort to keep these places preserved for future generations,''he said. \n\nAnother background is a plantation where much of the Battle of the Wilderness was fought. At this location,another group of children is focusing on the diary of a woman who lived in the region during the war.Student director John Ashley says the experience has made him think more about the human aspect of the war.Filmmaker Ghil Hong donated his time to help the students, who have understood it quickly.\"They are trying to convey the emotions during the Civil War.They really focus on wanting the story to be accurate,''Hong added. \n\nWith help from advisors,the children also research,write,and edit the videos.Alexis Albert got a chance to try out directing and learned a lot about Civil War history in the process. \"It helps me more as a student understand it more than reading a book and looking at words,\"he said. \n\nThe project is sponsored by the Journey Through Hallowed Ground,which raises awareness of historical sites from Pennsylvania to Virginia, including many Civil War battlegrounds.", "question": "In which battle was the Confederate Army defeated?", "context": "The Confederate Army was defeated in the Battle of the Wilderness.", "based_on_pattern": "(Confederate Army)-[DEFEATED_IN]->(Battle Of The Wilderness)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0482", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is Monica Inzer's professional role at Hamilton College?", "context": "Monica Inzer is the Dean of Admission and Financial Aid at Hamilton College.", "based_on_pattern": "(Monica Inzer)-[DEAN_OF_ADMISSION_AND_FINANCIAL_AID_AT]->(Hamilton College)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0483", "coqa_story": "We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells--but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are? \n\nJoan Mclean thinks so.In fact,Mclean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning\"who\"invented\"what\",however,Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the\"why''and''how\"questions.According to Mclean.\"When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.'' \n\nHer students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement.\"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention,\"said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major,\"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.\"Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. \n\nSo,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built--in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas,a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper. \n\nToday we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic light.It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?", "question": "What is Mary Anderson's hometown?", "context": "Mary Anderson is from Birmingham, Alabama.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mary Anderson)-[FROM]->(Birmingham, Alabama)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0484", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER 71 \n\nThe terrace of the Villa Catalano, with its orange and palm trees, looked upon a sea of lapiz lazuli, and rose from a shelving shore of aloes and arbutus. The waters reflected the color of the sky, and all the foliage wag bedewed with the same violet light of morn which bathed the softness of the distant mountains, and the undulating beauty of the ever-varying coast. \n\nLothair was walking on the terrace, his favorite walk, for it was the duly occasion on which he ever found himself alone. Not that he had any reason to complain of his companions. More complete ones could scarcely be selected. Travel, which, they say, tries all tempers, had only proved the engaging equanimity of Catesby, and had never disturbed the amiable repose of his brother priest: and then they were so entertaining and so instructive, as well as handy and experienced in all common things. The monsignore had so much taste and feeling, and various knowledge; and as for the reverend father, all the antiquaries they daily encountered were mere children in his hands, who, without effort, could explain and illustrate every scene and object, and spoke as if he had never given a thought to any other theme than Sicily and Syracuse, the expedition of Nicias, and the adventures of Agathocles. And yet, during all their travels, Lothair felt that he never was alone. This was remarkable at the great cities, such as Messina and Palermo, but it was a prevalent habit in less-frequented places. There was a petty town near them, which he had never visited alone, although he had made more than one attempt with that view; and it was only on the terrace in the early morn, a spot whence he could be observed from the villa, and which did not easily communicate with the precipitous and surrounding scenery, that Lothair would indulge that habit of introspection which he had pursued through many a long ride, and which to him was a never-failing source of interest and even excitement. ", "question": "Which larger structure includes the terrace that Lothair walks on?", "context": "The terrace is part of the Villa Catalano.", "based_on_pattern": "(Terrace)-[PART_OF]->(Villa Catalano)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0485", "coqa_story": "I'm flying high today after hearing the news that Bamboo People is a top ten book on the Best Fiction for Young Adults 2011 list from the American Library Association. Here are the top ten titles with annotations by YALSA librarians: *Bacigalupi, Paolo. Ship Breaker. Little, Brown, and Co. Nailer is a light crew cleaner tearing up old hulks of ships, living day to day, until a rich girl and her gleaming ship run ashore in a storm on the beach and his life gets more dangerous. *Donnelley, Jennifer. Revolution. Random House Children's Books/Delacorte. Haunted by the death of her brother, Andi is taken to Paris by her separated father where an encounter with a mysterious diary may bring her back from the edge. *Marchetta, Melina. Finnikin of the Rock. Candlewick. Finnikin and his fellow exiles from Lumatere wish to return to their cursed homeland. Finnikin must go on an epic journey with a dumb beginner named Evanjalin to return home. *Matson, Morgan. Amy and Roger's Epic Detour. Simon & Schuster. Amy and Roger must both learn to deal with loss while on a road trip across the country which doesn't go as expected. *McBride, Lish. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer. Macmillan Children's Book Group/Henry Holt. When Sam discovers he is a necromancer he must learn to control his power in order to defeat a powerful and corrupt opponent and save his friends. *Mulligan, Andy. Trash. David Fickling Books. Three garbage-picker boys find an item of great value to a corrupt politician on their rounds, setting off a tense hunt to see who will win. *Perkins, Mitali. Bamboo People. Chiko, a Burmese soldier and Tu Reh, a Kerenni refugee meet on opposite sides of war and each must learn what it means to be a man of his people. *Reinhardt, Dana. The Things a Brother Knows. Random House Children's Books/Wendy Lamb. Boaz is back and cheered as the hometown hero, but he is not at all the same. Can his younger brother Levi help him truly make his way home? *Saenz, Benjamin. Last Night I Sang to the Monster. Cinco Puntos Press, 2009. Weeks in therapy go by and 18-year-old Zach is still unable to remember the monstrous events that left him alone and haunted by nightmares. *Sedgwick, Marcus. Revolver. Roaring Brook Press. Sig is alone with his father's body when the lawless man his father had managed to escape appears out of the icy wilderness", "question": "Who is the author of it?", "context": "Amy And Roger'S Epic Detour was written by Morgan Matson. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer was written by Lish Mcbride. Revolver was written by Marcus Sedgwick. Bamboo People was written by Mitali Perkins. Ship Breaker was written by Paolo Bacigalupi. The Things A Brother Knows was written by Dana Reinhardt. Last Night I Sang To The Monster was written by Benjamin Saenz. Revolution was written by Jennifer Donnelley. Finnikin Of The Rock was written by Melina Marchetta. Trash was written by Andy Mulligan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amy And Roger'S Epic Detour)-[written by]->(Morgan Matson) || (Hold Me Closer, Necromancer)-[written by]->(Lish Mcbride) || (Revolver)-[written by]->(Marcus Sedgwick) || (Bamboo People)-[written by]->(Mitali Perkins) || (Ship Breaker)-[written by]->(Paolo Bacigalupi) || (The Things A Brother Knows)-[written by]->(Dana Reinhardt) || (Last Night I Sang To The Monster)-[written by]->(Benjamin Saenz) || (Revolution)-[written by]->(Jennifer Donnelley) || (Finnikin Of The Rock)-[written by]->(Melina Marchetta) || (Trash)-[written by]->(Andy Mulligan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0486", "coqa_story": "At just six years old, Joey Kilpatrick is Australia's unofficial hide-and-seek champion after he hid in a bedroom cupboard for eight hours while playing his favorite game,causing a big rescue operation. The determined little boy's disappearing act led to a careful search, including nice police officers, five State Emergency Service volunteers, tracker dogs and almost all of the people of the town of Goombungee. His mother, Chris, says she called the police when Joey disappeared one afternoon after telling his older brother, Lachlan, 14, that he was off to play hide-and-seek. \"I called the two boys for dinner,\" Chris says. \"After about 20 minutes I started to worry, I was shouting to Joey, 'OK, we can't find you, time to come out!'\" But there was no sign of her little boy. Within minutes of Chris calling the police, the policemen started one of the biggest ground searches in the town's history. \"I was really frightened. I rang my husband, Kris, who works out of town, and he immediately hit the road, calling me every 10 minutes.\" Chris recalls.\"They searched the house from top to bottom; everyone was out looking for him. When a neighbor asked if I'd checked the water tank, that's when reality hit. I was afraid.\" After hours of searching the town, confused police decided to search the house one more time. \"I just sat there waiting,\" Chris says, \"Then a strange feeling came over me, and I rushed into the bedroom and put my hand on a pile of blankets in the cupboard. As I pulled then out,there he was---asleep and completely not realizing what was going on! I've never held him in my arms so hard.\" Senior officer, Chris Brameld,from Goombungee police,says he is glad that Joey's game had a happy ending: \"When we realized he was safe, we agreed that it didn't get much better than that!\" And young Joey promises that next time he won't be so intent on finding the best hiding place. \"I want to say sorry to the policemen and to Mummy for scaring them,\" he says, \"I promise next time I'll hide where they can find me and I won't fall asleep!\"", "question": "In which town is the Goombungee Police department located?", "context": "The Goombungee Police department is located in Goombungee.", "based_on_pattern": "(Goombungee Police)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Goombungee)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0487", "coqa_story": "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced , like \"Noah\") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas, guides the use and protection of ocean and coastal resources and conducts research to provide understanding and improve stewardship of the environment. In addition to its over 11,000 civilian employees, NOAA research and operations are supported by 321 uniformed service members who make up the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps. NOAA traces its history back to the convergence of multiple agencies: The United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey (founded in 1807), the Weather Bureau (1870) and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (1871). NOAA was officially formed in 1970. The acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the Department of Commerce and the agency's interim administrator has been Benjamin Friedman since the end of the Obama administration on January\u00c2\u00a020, 2017. \n\nNOAA plays several specific roles in society, the benefits of which extend beyond the U.S. economy and into the larger global community: \n\nThe five \"fundamental activities\" are: \n\nNOAA was formed on October 3, 1970, after U.S. President Richard Nixon proposed creating a new agency to serve a national need \"or better protection of life and property from natural hazards\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6for a better understanding of the total environment\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6[and] for exploration and development leading to the intelligent use of our marine resources.\" NOAA formed a conglomeration of several existing scientific agencies that were among the oldest in the federal government. They were the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, formed in 1807; the Weather Bureau, formed in 1870\u00e2\u20ac\u201dGeodetic Survey and Weather Service had been combined by a 1965 consolidation into the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), including the uniformed Commissioned Corp (founded 1917); and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, formed in 1871. NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1970. In 2007, NOAA celebrated 200 years of service with its ties to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.", "question": "When was it founded?", "context": "The Weather Bureau was founded in 1870. The Bureau Of Commercial Fisheries was founded in 1871. The National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration was founded in 1970. The Noaa Commissioned Officer Corps was founded in 1917. The United States Coastal And Geodetic Survey was founded in 1807. The Environmental Science Services Administration was founded in 1965.", "based_on_pattern": "(Weather Bureau)-[founded in]->(1870) || (Bureau Of Commercial Fisheries)-[founded in]->(1871) || (National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration)-[founded in]->(1970) || (Noaa Commissioned Officer Corps)-[founded in]->(1917) || (United States Coastal And Geodetic Survey)-[founded in]->(1807) || (Environmental Science Services Administration)-[founded in]->(1965)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0488", "coqa_story": "Central America () is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate). \n\nCentral America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently; these natural disasters have resulted in the loss of many lives and much property. \n\nIn the Pre-Columbian era, Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east. Soon after Christopher Columbus's voyages to the Americas, the Spanish began to colonize the Americas. From 1609 until 1821, most of the territory within Central America\u00e2\u20ac\u201dexcept for the lands that would become Belize and Panama\u00e2\u20ac\u201dwas governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala. After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821, some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire, but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1823 to 1838. The seven states finally became independent autonomous states: beginning with Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala (1838); followed by El Salvador (1841); then Panama (1903); and finally Belize (1981). Even today, though, people in Central America sometimes still refer to their nations as though they are provinces of a Central American state (e.g. it is still common to write \"C.A.\" after the country names, in formal and informal contexts).", "question": "From which nation did the Federal Republic of Central America secede?", "context": "The Federal Republic of Central America seceded from Mexico.", "based_on_pattern": "(Federal Republic Of Central America)-[SECEDED_FROM]->(Mexico)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0489", "coqa_story": "WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The U.S. Senate was called to order for 11 seconds on Wednesday as the last political scuffle of the year between the White House and the Democratic-led Congress played out. \n\nDemocratic senators will hold short \"pro forma\" sessions over the holiday break to prevent recess appointments. \n\nNearly all the senators left the Capitol for the Christmas holiday last week, but Democrats are keeping the Senate in session to block President Bush from making any recess appointments -- a constitutional mechanism that allows the president, during congressional recesses, to fill top government posts for up to one year without Senate confirmation. \n\nSen. Jim Webb, D-Virginia, opened and then immediately gaveled the Senate session to a close. He spent 57 seconds in the chamber. \n\nSenate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, announced December 19 that he would keep the Senate open with a series of \"pro forma\" sessions through mid-January. \n\nTalks had just broken down with the White House on a deal that would have allowed the president to make dozens of those appointments if he agreed not to appoint one controversial official, Steven Bradbury, as the permanent head of the influential Office of Legal Counsel at the Justice Department. \n\nBush declined to accept the Democrats' offer, and Reid refused to approve Bradbury because of concerns about his involvement in crafting legal opinions for the administration on interrogation techniques of terrorism suspects. \n\nSimilar sessions were conducted over the Thanksgiving recess. \n\nWebb also did the duty Friday, but he won't be the only senator tasked with presiding over the shortened sessions. Other Democrats -- including Sens. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, Byron Dorgan of North Dakota, Jack Reed of Rhode Island, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana, Ben Cardin of Maryland and Chuck Schumer of New York -- will share the duty. E-mail to a friend ", "question": "Which government office was Steven Bradbury proposed to lead?", "context": "Steven Bradbury was proposed to lead the Office Of Legal Counsel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steven Bradbury)-[IS_PROPOSED_HEAD_OF]->(Office Of Legal Counsel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0490", "coqa_story": "It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man.Over the phone ,his mother told him,\"Mr.Belser died last night ,The funeral is Wednesday.\"Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. \n\nWhen Jack was very young ,his father died.Mr Belser,who lived in the same neighborhood with them,spent as much time as he could to make sure Jack had a man's influence in his life.He spent a lot of time teachimg Jack he thought what was important in his following life.If Mr.Belser hadn' taught him how to weave,he wouldn't be in this business now.So he promised his mother he would attend Mr.Belser's funeral. \n\n\"You'd better not drive your car.It's a long way.\"his mother warned him. \n\nBusy as he was,he kept his word.Though tired from the earliest flight,Jack tried his best to help.Mr.Belser's funeral was small because he had no children of his own and most of his s had passed away. \n\nThe night before he had to return home,Jack and his mother stopped by to see the old house Mr.Belser once lived.Now it belonged to him.He bought the house from one of his s. \n\nThe house was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories.Every picture,every piece of furniture... Jadk stopped suddenly. \n\nThe box on his desk was gone!He once asked the old man what was inside.He just smiled and said it was the most valuable thing to him,though it almost cost nothing to others.He figured that someone from the Belser family had taken it .\"I will never know what was so valuable to him.\"Jack thought disappotntedly. \n\nThree days later returning home from work,Jack discovered a small package in his mailbox. \n\nThe handwriting was difficult to read,but the return address caught his attention.\"Mr.Harold Belser\"it read. \n\nJack couldn't wait to open it .Inside lay the familiar small box.His heart racing,Jack unlocked the box.Inside he found a gold pocket watch with these words engraved:\"Jack,Thanks for your time!Harold Belser.\" \n\n\"The thing he valued most was my time.\"Jack held the watch before his chest,tears filling his eyes.", "question": "What did it contain?", "context": "The Small Box contained the Gold Pocket Watch. The Small Package contained the Small Box.", "based_on_pattern": "(Small Box)-[contained]->(Gold Pocket Watch) || (Small Package)-[contained]->(Small Box)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0491", "coqa_story": "Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754\u00e2\u20ac\u201c63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War. \n\nBy far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812. With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleon's France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who became president and the Americans who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain.", "question": "Into which naval force did Great Britain impress seamen?", "context": "Great Britain impressed seamen into the Royal Navy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Great Britain)-[IMPRESSED_SEAMEN_INTO]->(Royal Navy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0492", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "What is it about?", "context": "Freedom is about Berglund Family. Cleopatra: A Life is about Cleopatra.", "based_on_pattern": "(Freedom)-[is about]->(Berglund Family) || (Cleopatra: A Life)-[is about]->(Cleopatra)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0493", "coqa_story": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade \u00e2\u20ac\u201c this war on terrorism \u00e2\u20ac\u201c is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\" \n\nU.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated \"Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.\" In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from \"Global War on Terror\" to \"Overseas Contingency Operation\" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using \"Overseas Contingency Operation\". Basic objectives of the Bush administration \"war on terror\", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been \"effectively destroyed\", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is \"to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America\"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from \"Overseas Contingency Operations\" to \"Countering Violent Extremism\" in 2010.", "question": "Under what legal framework is the War On Terrorism not considered an armed conflict?", "context": "The War On Terrorism is not considered an armed conflict under International Law.", "based_on_pattern": "(War On Terrorism)-[IS_NOT_AN_ARMED_CONFLICT_UNDER]->(International Law)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0494", "coqa_story": "Christopher Reeve was born in September, 1952. He was in his first school play when he was eight and he started to act in TV shows and films while he was still in college. He made many successful films and TV shows but he is most famous for his Superman films. Unfortunately, disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back. The doctors did not expect him to live. However, he made amazing progress. At first, he couldn't breathe without a machine, but he learnt to breathe on his own. He would never walk again but he started a new life with great courage. The second year after his accident, Christopher returned to film making. He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries. He made speeches all over the USA about his experiences. This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems. From their home, Christopher and his wife Dana spoke about their life after the accident. Could you say something about your life after the accident? \"Four days after the accident, I came to understand my situation. The doctors said I was not going to pull through. Those days were terrible. But my wife Dana said, \"You are still you and I love you. Be confident in yourself.\" And that saved my life. Since that moment I have never thought of giving up.\" What do you think of your family? \"Great! Dana is so wonderful.We have always got on really well.My parents often quarreled with each other when I was young.But they've got closer since the accident.\" How do you spend your time? \"I spend most of my time on charity work to improve the life for all disabled people.I think they need my help. With the progress of new medical research, I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. So you can see _ !\" Christopher Reeve died on October 10, 2004. But people all over the world will always remember him as a superhero.", "question": "Who are they the spouse of?", "context": "Christopher Reeve is the spouse of Dana. Dana is the spouse of Christopher Reeve.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christopher Reeve)-[is spouse of]->(Dana) || (Dana)-[is spouse of]->(Christopher Reeve)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0495", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "What prestigious award did Rita Levi-Montalcini receive?", "context": "Rita Levi-Montalcini received the Nobel Prize For Medicine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rita Levi-Montalcini)-[AWARDED]->(Nobel Prize For Medicine)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0496", "coqa_story": "Wednesday night 7: 30 p. m. at the Chuckle Bar! \n\nStarring Rodney Mann, Pedro Mendez and Larry Dunne! \n\nNext Wednesday night at the Chuckle Bar we have an all star line up of comedians. Three of the world's best known comedians are coming together for one night only. Book your tickets by calling 1 900 555 6565 or be at the door early to buy them before the show begins. \n\nRodney Mann \n\nMann is famous for his jokes about average people and their life. Many of his jokes are social commentaries on everyday things. He loves to set his jokes in New York, the city where he grew up. \n\nMann's most famous opening line, \"You know, I was walking down the street the other day. . . \" is known all over the world. He is just back from his tour of Europe, and is appearing at the Chuckle Bar for one night only. Don't miss it! \n\nPedro Mendez \n\nPedro Mendez grew up on a small farm in Panama. He moved to the USA with his parents when he was ten, and has been telling jokes and making people laugh ever since. Recently, the 30 year old comedian began to film a new TV programme that he will both act in and produce. \n\nExperience Mendez's unique Latin style humor for yourself. His routine, \"I had a farm in Panama\", is a classic that should not be missed. \n\nLarry Dunne \n\nLarry Dunne has been making people laugh all over the world for more than five decades. He began his career by performing for soldiers in Hawaii in the 1950s, and since then, he has been the host of his own late night TV programme. The videos and DVDs of his performances are the best sellers of any stand-up acts out there. As an old style comedian, Dunne uses lots of singing and dancing as part of his routines. \n\nDunne is best known for his jokes about life in the USA and how it has changed during his lifetime. This will be Dunne's last show before he retires, so don't miss it. \n\nCall 1-900-555-6565 to reserve your tickets or be at the door by 7: 00 p. m. .", "question": "Besides Hawaii, where else has Larry Dunne performed?", "context": "Larry Dunne also performs at the Chuckle Bar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Larry Dunne)-[PERFORMS_AT]->(Chuckle Bar)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0497", "coqa_story": "We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells --but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn' t we know who they are? \n\nJoan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she' s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning \"who\" invented \"what\" , however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the \"why\" and \"how\" questions. According to Mclean, \"When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try. \" \n\nHer students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement. \"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper' s invention,\" said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major. \"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rain storm into something so constructive. \" Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. \n\nSo, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn' t be a built - in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. \n\nToday we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It' s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan' s traffic light. It' s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett' s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?", "question": "In which city and state did Mary Anderson reside?", "context": "Mary Anderson resided in Birmingham, Alabama.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mary Anderson)-[RESIDED_IN]->(Birmingham, Alabama)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0498", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "During which century was the region of Lorraine annexed?", "context": "The region of Lorraine was annexed during the 17th Century.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lorraine)-[ANNEXED_IN]->(17Th Century)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0499", "coqa_story": "Chapter XII. -- OF ALBERT FRIEDRICH, THE SECOND DUKE OF PREUSSEN. \n\nDuke Albert died in 1568, laden with years, and in his latter time greatly broken down by other troubles. His Prussian RATHS (Councillors) were disobedient, his Osianders and Lutheran-Calvinist Theologians were all in fire and flame against each other: the poor old man, with the best dispositions, but without power to realize them, had much to do and to suffer. Pious, just and honorable, intending the best; but losing his memory, and incapable of business, as he now complained. In his sixtieth year he had married a second time, a young Brunswick Princess, with whose foolish Brother, Eric, he had much trouble; and who at last herself took so ill with the insolence and violence of these intrusive Councillors and Theologians, that the household-life she led beside her old Husband and them became intolerable to her; and she withdrew to another residence,--a little Hunting-seat at Neuhausen, half a dozen miles from Konigsberg;--and there, or at Labiau still farther off, lived mostly, in a separate condition, for the rest of her life. Separate for life:--nevertheless they happened to die on the same day; 20th March, 1568, they were simultaneously delivered from their troubles in this world. [Hubner, t. 181; Stenzel, i. 342.] \n\nAlbert left one Son; the second child of this last Wife: his one child by the former Wife, a daughter now of good years, was married to the Duke of Mecklenburg. Son's name was Albert Friedrich; age, at his Father's death, fifteen. A promising young Prince, but of sensitive abstruse temper;--held under heavy tutelage by his Raths and Theologians; and spurting up against them, in explosive rebellion, from time to time. He now (1568) was to be sovereign Duke of Preussen, and the one representative of the Culmbach Line in that fine Territory; Margraf George Friedrich of Anspach, the only other Culmbacher, being childless, though wedded. ", "question": "Who were they married to?", "context": "Duke Albert was married to Brunswick Princess. Daughter was married to Duke Of Mecklenburg.", "based_on_pattern": "(Duke Albert)-[married to]->(Brunswick Princess) || (Daughter)-[married to]->(Duke Of Mecklenburg)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0500", "coqa_story": "The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge\", is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. Originally organized as the \"United States National Museum\", that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967. \n\nTermed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's nineteen museums, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York City, Pittsburgh, Texas, Virginia, and Panama. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates. \n\nThe Institution's thirty million annual visitors are admitted without charge. Its annual budget is around $1.2 billion with 2/3 coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the Institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. Institution publications include \"Smithsonian\" and \"Air & Space\" magazines. \n\nThe British scientist James Smithson (1765\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1829) left most of his wealth to his nephew Henry James Hungerford. When Hungerford died childless in 1835, the estate passed \"to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among men\", in accordance with Smithson's will. Congress officially accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation, and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust on July 1, 1836. The American diplomat Richard Rush was dispatched to England by President Andrew Jackson to collect the bequest. Rush returned in August 1838 with 105 sacks containing 104,960 gold sovereigns (about $500,000 at the time, which is ).", "question": "What is his occupation?", "context": "Richard Rush has occupation Diplomat. James Smithson has occupation Scientist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Rush)-[has occupation]->(Diplomat) || (James Smithson)-[has occupation]->(Scientist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0501", "coqa_story": "Have you got any wonderful plans for your coming winter vacation? Here are some wonderful films for you to kill time. _ Verona De Tessant (Maya Rudolph) and Burt Farlander (John Krasinski) are in their early thirties and struggling to meet daily needs and build fulfilling lives as an artist and a salesman. When they learn they will soon become parents, they are faced with the challenge of how and where to raise a child and build a happy family. With a baby on his way, the young couple, look at their lives and are puzzled about what they really want. _ Lynn was married to Pual, but they broke up and Lynn took their daughter Alice while Paul got their son Dylan. Years later, now Dylan is getting married, and Lynn is attending the wedding, with her younger son Elliot and Ben. Elliot is a drug addict and Ben keeps everything to himself. Dylan hasn't spoken to Lynn in years, and Lynn is fearful of Pual and his wife Patty. At last, all this has put Lynn in a depressed situation, and she's not sure just how she's going to get through the day. _ Also named as Life is Beautiful, the film is a black comedy and also a best medicine that heals the scar left by war. This movie has some kind of characteristics as natural and active. On the 7th Oscar Award Ceremony , the movie won three great awards. It is not a sad movie from the very beginning , but when the father uses a great way to hide his murder from his son, all people are impressed by this moving deed. Under the protection of the father, the son has lived a happy life. _ The film is an American film directed by Frank Darabont and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The film tells the story of Andy, a banker who spends nearly two decades in Shawshank State Prison for the murder of his wife and his wife's lover despite his claims of innocence. There he makes friends with Red. Andy manages to escape from the prison by digging a tunnel with the rock hammer over the years. When Red is later released , he remembers Andy's advice. He then visits the place Andy mentions before he escapes. There, he finds money and a note left by Andy, telling him to get to Zihuatanejo.", "question": "What is the specific location that Andy recommends people go to?", "context": "Andy recommends the location Zihuatanejo.", "based_on_pattern": "(Andy)-[RECOMMENDS_LOCATION]->(Zihuatanejo)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0502", "coqa_story": "Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223). \n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u20308,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203010 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203014 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203018 The digits 0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.", "question": "According to the ASCII standard, which types of codes are arranged before letters?", "context": "Special and numeric codes are arranged before letters.", "based_on_pattern": "(Special And Numeric Codes)-[ARRANGED_BEFORE]->(Letters)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0503", "coqa_story": "On a lot of occasions, you have to make some public speaking. However, public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearance of all kinds. \n\nMost people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways. \n\nWhile extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal , it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British Comedian Julian, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect. \n\nIn fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. \n\nActual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true. \n\nLikewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you've been cheated. \n\nAlthough, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana's funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. \n\nBut, being yourself doesn't work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. \n\nI remember going to see British psychiatrist R.D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it. \n\nThe best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of \"flow\", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.", "question": "What is his profession?", "context": "R.D. Laing is a British Psychiatrist. Julian is a British Comedian.", "based_on_pattern": "(R.D. Laing)-[is a]->(British Psychiatrist) || (Julian)-[is a]->(British Comedian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0504", "coqa_story": "Chapter VIII.--THE MARTIAL BOY AND HIS ENGLISH versus THE LAWS OF NATURE. \n\n\"Glorious Campaign in the Netherlands, Siege of Tournay, final ruin of the Dutch Barrier!\" this is the French program for Season 1745,--no Belleisle to contradict it; Belleisle secure at Windsor, who might have leant more towards German enterprises. And to this his Britannic Majesty (small gain to him from that adroitness in the Harz, last winter!) has to make front. And is strenuously doing so, by all methods; especially by heroic expenditure of money, and ditto exposure of his Martial Boy. Poor old Wade, last year,--perhaps Wade did suffer, as he alleged, from \"want of sufficient authority in that mixed Army\"? Well, here is a Prince of the Blood, Royal Highness of Cumberland, to command in chief. With a Konigseck to dry-nurse him, may not Royal Highness, luck favoring, do very well? Luck did not favor; Britannic Majesty, neither in the Netherlands over seas, nor at home (strange new domestic wool, of a tarry HIGHLAND nature, being thrown him to card, on the sudden!), made a good Campaign, but a bad. And again a bad (1746) and again (1747), ever again, till he pleased to cease altogether. Of which distressing objects we propose that the following one glimpse be our last. \n\n\n\nBATTLE OF FONTENOY (11th May, 1745). \n\n... \"In the end of April, Marechal de Saxe, now become very famous for his sieges in the Netherlands, opened trenches before Tournay; King Louis, with his Dauphin, not to speak of mistresses, play-actors and cookery apparatus (in wagons innumerable), hastens to be there. A fighting Army, say of 70,000, besides the garrisons; and great things, it is expected, will be done; Tournay, in spite of strong works and Dutch garrison of 9,000, to be taken in the first place. ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Glorious Campaign In The Netherlands is located in Netherlands. Siege Of Tournay is located in Tournay. Belleisle is located in Windsor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Glorious Campaign In The Netherlands)-[located in]->(Netherlands) || (Siege Of Tournay)-[located in]->(Tournay) || (Belleisle)-[located in]->(Windsor)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0505", "coqa_story": "Why are we addicted to upgrades? According to Donald Norman, American author of the book The Design of Everyday Things, \"planned obsolescence\" is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today's consumer electronics industry. \n\nThe New York Times cited Norman last month, saying that electronics manufactures strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version. \n\n\"This is an old-time trick- they're not inventing anything new,\" he said. \n\nThomas Wensma, a Dutch designer, despises the \"planned obsolescence\" of companies, as recently reported by UK-based The Guardian. \n\nWensma said this is a wasteful system through which companies - many of them producing personal electronics - release shoddy products simply because \"they know that, in six months or a year, they'll put out a new one\". \n\nBut the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Wensma said to the newspaper: \"We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.\" \n\n_ \n\n\"It's to the damage of the consumer and the environment,\" as the New York Times quoted Norman. \"But perhaps to the betterment of the stockholder.\" \n\nIn its most recent fiscal year, Apple's profit margin was more than 21 percent, reported the Los Angeles Times. At Hewlett-Packard, the world's biggest PC manufacturer, it was only 7 percent. \n\n\"Steven Jobs pushed the principle of 'planned obsolescence' to new heights,\" the newspaper commented on the company's profits and marketing strategy. \"Apple's annual upgrades of its products generate sales of millions of units as owners of one year's MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version, even when the changes are incremental.\" \n\nPeer pressure \n\nAs to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When the majority of friends are switching to the latest devices, he worries about feeling left out. \n\n\"Some apps and games require better hardware to run,\" said Li. \"If you don't join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.\"", "question": "What did they report on?", "context": "The Guardian reported on Thomas Wensma. Los Angeles Times reported on Apple.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Guardian)-[reported on]->(Thomas Wensma) || (Los Angeles Times)-[reported on]->(Apple)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0506", "coqa_story": "Wednesday night 7: 30 p. m. at the Chuckle Bar! \n\nStarring Rodney Mann, Pedro Mendez and Larry Dunne! \n\nNext Wednesday night at the Chuckle Bar we have an all star line up of comedians. Three of the world's best known comedians are coming together for one night only. Book your tickets by calling 1 900 555 6565 or be at the door early to buy them before the show begins. \n\nRodney Mann \n\nMann is famous for his jokes about average people and their life. Many of his jokes are social commentaries on everyday things. He loves to set his jokes in New York, the city where he grew up. \n\nMann's most famous opening line, \"You know, I was walking down the street the other day. . . \" is known all over the world. He is just back from his tour of Europe, and is appearing at the Chuckle Bar for one night only. Don't miss it! \n\nPedro Mendez \n\nPedro Mendez grew up on a small farm in Panama. He moved to the USA with his parents when he was ten, and has been telling jokes and making people laugh ever since. Recently, the 30 year old comedian began to film a new TV programme that he will both act in and produce. \n\nExperience Mendez's unique Latin style humor for yourself. His routine, \"I had a farm in Panama\", is a classic that should not be missed. \n\nLarry Dunne \n\nLarry Dunne has been making people laugh all over the world for more than five decades. He began his career by performing for soldiers in Hawaii in the 1950s, and since then, he has been the host of his own late night TV programme. The videos and DVDs of his performances are the best sellers of any stand-up acts out there. As an old style comedian, Dunne uses lots of singing and dancing as part of his routines. \n\nDunne is best known for his jokes about life in the USA and how it has changed during his lifetime. This will be Dunne's last show before he retires, so don't miss it. \n\nCall 1-900-555-6565 to reserve your tickets or be at the door by 7: 00 p. m. .", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "context": "Rodney Mann grew up in New York. Pedro Mendez grew up in Panama.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rodney Mann)-[grew up in]->(New York) || (Pedro Mendez)-[grew up in]->(Panama)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0507", "coqa_story": "There's nothing like experiencing history to understand it.So instead of reading about the U.S.Civil War in textbooks,some schoolchildren in Virginia are creating videos related to the conflict,in which the northern Union and southern Confederate states fought over several issues,including slavery,from l861--1865. \n\nIn one scene, children act as two Union generals, meeting at the Kaploan Klver in central Virginia.The l2-and l3-year-olds are producing a mini--video on the key role temporary pontoon bridges played during the war.After building and crossing a pontoon bridge,Union soldiers defeated a Confederate army in the Battle of the Wilderness. \n\nIn another scene,students act as soldiers who are marching to the river with guns.Today,the area is part of a national military park.Park Educational Coordinator Peter Maugle shows the children how to hold the fake guns.\"Hopefully they will understand why these places are important through projects and programs like this,and they will make an effort to keep these places preserved for future generations,''he said. \n\nAnother background is a plantation where much of the Battle of the Wilderness was fought. At this location,another group of children is focusing on the diary of a woman who lived in the region during the war.Student director John Ashley says the experience has made him think more about the human aspect of the war.Filmmaker Ghil Hong donated his time to help the students, who have understood it quickly.\"They are trying to convey the emotions during the Civil War.They really focus on wanting the story to be accurate,''Hong added. \n\nWith help from advisors,the children also research,write,and edit the videos.Alexis Albert got a chance to try out directing and learned a lot about Civil War history in the process. \"It helps me more as a student understand it more than reading a book and looking at words,\"he said. \n\nThe project is sponsored by the Journey Through Hallowed Ground,which raises awareness of historical sites from Pennsylvania to Virginia, including many Civil War battlegrounds.", "question": "What is the purpose of the Journey Through Hallowed Ground initiative?", "context": "The Journey Through Hallowed Ground initiative raises awareness of Historical Sites.", "based_on_pattern": "(Journey Through Hallowed Ground)-[RAISES_AWARENESS_OF]->(Historical Sites)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0508", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "What is its starting price?", "context": "The starting price of Apple Ipad Mini is 329. The starting price of Google Nexus 7 is 199.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple Ipad Mini)-[starting price]->(329) || (Google Nexus 7)-[starting price]->(199)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0509", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI.--The Night of Adventures. \n\nA cold March wind whistled and yelled round the twisted chimneys of the _Hit or Miss_. The day had been a trial to every sense. First there would come a long-drawn distant moan, a sigh like that of a querulous woman; then the sigh grew nearer and became a shriek, as if the same woman were working herself up into a passion; and finally a gust of rainy hail, mixed with dust and small stones, was dashed, like a parting insult, on the windows of the _Hit or Miss_. \n\nThen the shriek died away again into a wail and a moan, and so _da capo_. \n\n\"Well, Eliza, what do you do now that the pantomime season is over?\" said Barton to Miss Gullick, who was busily dressing a doll, as she perched on the table in the parlor of the _Hit or Miss_. \n\nBarton occasionally looked into the public-house, partly to see that Maitland's investment was properly managed, partly because the place was near the scene of his labors; not least, perhaps, because he had still an unacknowledged hope that light on the mystery of Margaret would come from the original centre of the troubles. \n\n\"I'm in no hurry to take an engagement,\" answered the resolute Eliza, holding up and examining her doll. It was a fashionable doll, in a close-fitting tweed ulster, which covered a perfect panoply of other female furniture, all in the latest mode. As the child worked, she looked now and then at the illustrations in a journal of the fashions. \"There's two or three managers in treaty with me,\" said Eliza. \"There's the _Follies and Frivolities_ down Norwood way, and the _Varieties_ in the 'Ammersmith Road. Thirty shillings a week and my dresses, that's what I ask for, and I'll get it too! Just now I'm taking a vacation, and making an honest penny with these things,\" and she nodded at a little basket full of the wardrobe of dolls. ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Eliza Gullick is located in Hit Or Miss. Follies And Frivolities is located in Norwood. Varieties is located in 'Ammersmith Road.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eliza Gullick)-[located in]->(Hit Or Miss) || (Follies And Frivolities)-[located in]->(Norwood) || (Varieties)-[located in]->('Ammersmith Road)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0510", "coqa_story": "As weather cools across the United States, a growing number of Americans visit farms. They harvest fruits, enjoy hay wagon rides and walk in the fields. These people are called \"agri-tourists.\" They improve the economy of rural areas and help farmers increase their profits. \n\nSchool children are walking in a corn field _ . The corn is cut into tricky passageways that make it difficult to find a way out. The children are from Yorktown Elementary School in Bowie Maryland. They have traveled to Montpelier Farms in Prince George's County which is also in Maryland. The farm is about 40 kilometers from The White House. \n\nDebbie Pierson is the student's teacher. \"We go on these kind of field trips so that the children will have a hands-on experience of what it's like to be on a farm,\" Pierson said. \n\nIn Loudoun County Virginia, there are farms where grapes are grown for use in making wine. Many of the farms let people visit, and drink the wine that is made there. Bill Hatch owns the Zephaniah Farm Vineyard. He holds wine tastings in his home. \"We are doubling the number of visitors to our farm every year. We have an average of 250 people on a weekend,\" Hatch said. \n\nAs more people visit farms, more farmers are adding activities in which visitors can take part. \n\nMalcolm Baldwin owns WeatherLea Farm and Vineyard in Loudoun County. Six years ago, he began letting people be married at his farm. They can also sleep at the farm overnight. Mr. Baldwin says the money he makes from these activities let him keep his small farm operating. \"But without the animals, and without the vines, the wedding business wouldn't be as profitable , because people like to see the vines. They like to see the animals and without which I don't think this will be a popular place,\" Baldwin said.", "question": "Who is the owner of Weatherlea Farm and Vineyard?", "context": "Malcolm Baldwin is the owner of Weatherlea Farm and Vineyard.", "based_on_pattern": "(Weatherlea Farm And Vineyard)-[OWNED_BY]->(Malcolm Baldwin)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0511", "coqa_story": "\"It's this time of year when the weather starts warming up and frogs start breeding - but they haven't been breeding,\" says John Wilkinson, research and monitoring officer at the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC). \n\nAmphibians are just one of the groups of animals that nature observers fear may have problems reproducing this year, as groundwater levels are even lower now than in the infamously dry summer of 1976, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). According to the UK's Centre for Hydrology and Ecology the average rainfall so far this winter has been the lowest since 1972. \n\n\"If ponds dry up totally,\" says Mr. Wilkinson, \"you could have lots of dead tadpoles.\" Drier and windier conditions could also make it more difficult for juvenile amphibians to survive their journeys between wet habitats. \n\nBut Peter Brotherton, the biodiversity manager for Natural England, says that \"drought is part of nature's cycle\", and, at present, a lot of animals, plants and insects are still in hibernation. This means that the population picture is unclear. \"However, when we get extreme events, we get animals dying,\" he says. \"And what is worrying is that normally at this time of year we expect soil to be near saturation after winter.\" \n\nCharlie Kitchin, the RSPB's site manager of the Nene Washes in Cambridgeshire, says the 2,000-acre wetland and grassland area is now struggling following two winters with relatively little winter rain and no flooding. One species that could suffer, he says, is the black-tailed godwit . \"There are only 50 breeding pairs in the country, and we have 40 of them, and everything is bone-dry,\" Mr Kitchin says. \n\nBut one bad nesting season, he says, is \"not the end of the world\". \"One of the features of flood plains is that they're _ anyway,\" he adds. \"But if they fail to breed another year, the population is likely to dip again.\"", "question": "What is Peter Brotherton's role at Natural England?", "context": "Peter Brotherton's role at Natural England is Biodiversity Manager.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Brotherton)-[HAS_ROLE]->(Biodiversity Manager)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0512", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- When Paul Ryan struggled to explain a budget-balancing timeline under Mitt Romney, he highlighted the difficulty of trying to run a substantive campaign without being too specific. \n\nWhile Ryan's interview Tuesday with Fox News' Brit Hume was no Sarah Palin-Katie Couric moment, the Republican vice presidential candidate's discomfort in answering when Romney's proposal would balance the budget was evident. \n\nRyan, a seven-term congressman from Wisconsin and chairman of the House Budget Committee, said he was unsure when Romney's proposals would balance the federal budget. Romney's plans say he would \"put the federal government on a course toward a balanced budget\" but does not say when. \n\nMitt Romney's 5-point plan for the economy \n\nHume repeatedly pressed Ryan on the question of \"when\" Romney's budget would balance. \n\nHume: \"The budget plan you're now supporting would get to balance when?\" \n\nRyan: \"Well, there are different -- the budget plan that Mitt Romney is supporting gets us down to 20% of GDP (gross domestic product) government spending by 2016. That means get the size of government back to where it historically has been. What President Obama has done is he brought the size of government to as high as it hasn't been since World War II. We want to reduce the size of government to have more economic freedom.\" \n\nHume: \"I get that. What about balance?\" \n\nRyan: \"I don't know exactly what the balance is. I don't want to get wonky on you, but we haven't run the numbers on that specific plan. The plan we offer in the House balances the budget. I'd put a contrast. President Obama, never once, ever, has offered a plan to ever balance the budget. The United States Senate, they haven't even balanced, they haven't passed a budget in three years.\" ", "question": "Who were they interviewed by?", "context": "Paul Ryan was interviewed by Brit Hume. Sarah Palin was interviewed by Katie Couric.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul Ryan)-[interviewed by]->(Brit Hume) || (Sarah Palin)-[interviewed by]->(Katie Couric)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0513", "coqa_story": "Sandra Bullock turned 51 last month. But because she looks exactly the same as she did inMiss Congeniality, a movie filmed back in the 20thcentury, everyone calls her \"ageless.\" Bullock is just one of a number of stars in their 40s and 50s who've had birthdays recently but have not gotten older, unlike the rest of us in their age group. Take Halle Berry. One website put a photo of her 20 years ago next to one of the newly 49-year-old Berry and dared us to choose which was which. \"This Is What 49 Looks Like,\" it said. Seriously, if that's what 49 looks like, I must be 71. \n\nHowever, even a generation ago, famous faces evolved. Look at a picture of Grace Kelly at age 52 in the early 1980s. She looks like a beautiful middle-aged woman. Today she'd look old for her age. \n\nThe goal now is to prevent aging while you are still young, using all the magical nonsurgical options medicine has to offer. Eventually these techniques will become less expensive, and ordinary people my daughter's age will have them. Already anti-aging is starting to be considered maintenance, like coloring your hair. My friends and I find ourselves openly debating techniques that we used to make fun of. Does fat-freezing work? How much time do you have to spend in the gym to keep the body of a 35-year-old after 50? It's all so exhausting. But members of the next generation have it tougher. They'll have to ask themselves whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old. I've already seen \"Sexy at 70\" headlines. Will everyone be expected to go to their graves looking hot? \n\nI also have to wonder what else we are slowing along with age. How do you move on if you're working so hard to stay the same? And besides, if you've known the ache of watching a daughter pack up for college, you know you can't stop the clock.", "question": "What is her age?", "context": "Halle Berry is 49 years old. Grace Kelly is 52 years old. Sandra Bullock is 51 years old.", "based_on_pattern": "(Halle Berry)-[has age]->(49) || (Grace Kelly)-[has age]->(52) || (Sandra Bullock)-[has age]->(51)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0514", "coqa_story": "The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger\u00e2\u20ac\u201cCongo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family. \n\nSimilarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and the Pacific Ocean were first observed in 1706 by the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the comparative method to the Austronesian languages, but the first comprehensive and extensive study on the phonological history of the Austronesian language family including a reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian lexicon was made by the German linguist Otto Dempwolff. The term Austronesian itself was coined by Wilhelm Schmidt (German \"austronesisch\") which comes from Latin \"auster\" \"south wind\" plus Greek \"n\u00c3\u00aasos\" \"island\". The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one Austronesian language, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), is spoken by 250 million people, making it the 8th most spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries (see the list of major and official Austronesian languages).", "question": "How many speakers do they have?", "context": "Austronesian Languages has 386 Million speakers. Malay has 250 Million speakers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Austronesian Languages)-[has speakers]->(386 Million) || (Malay)-[has speakers]->(250 Million)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0515", "coqa_story": "HYANNIS, Massachusetts (CNN) -- Family and close friends of Eunice Kennedy Shriver attended a Friday morning funeral for the sister of the late President John F. Kennedy. \n\nSpecial Olympics athlete Loretta Claiborne, at casket, and Maria Shriver attend Eunice Shriver's wake Thursday. \n\nShriver, a champion of the disabled who founded the Special Olympics, died Tuesday at age 88. \n\nA private funeral service was held at Saint Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church in Hyannis, Massachusetts. \n\nBefore the service began, Special Olympians carried the Special Olympics torch into the church, a family statement said. They took part in a procession toward the church, followed by the hearse and the Shriver family walking behind. Watch Maria Shriver pay tribute to her mother \u00c2\u00bb \n\nThe funeral follows a public wake and prayer service that was held Thursday at Our Lady of Victory Roman Catholic Church in Centerville, Massachusetts. \n\nDetails about her private burial will not released until after Shriver is laid to rest. \n\nBorn on July 10, 1921, in Brookline, Massachusetts, Shriver was the fifth of nine children of Joseph P. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. \n\nShe emerged from the long shadow of siblings John Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and Sen. Edward Kennedy as the founder of the Special Olympics, which started as a summer day camp in her backyard in 1962. \n\nToday, 3.1 million people with mental disabilities participate in 228 programs in 170 nations, according to the Special Olympics. \n\n\"Eunice is now with God in heaven. My sister Jean and I, and our entire family, will miss her with all our hearts,\" Edward Kennedy, who is battling brain cancer, said on his Web site. \"I know that our parents and brothers and sisters who have gone before are filled with joy to have her by their side again.\" ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Saint Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church is located in Hyannis, Massachusetts. Our Lady Of Victory Roman Catholic Church is located in Centerville, Massachusetts.", "based_on_pattern": "(Saint Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church)-[located in]->(Hyannis, Massachusetts) || (Our Lady Of Victory Roman Catholic Church)-[located in]->(Centerville, Massachusetts)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0516", "coqa_story": "There was once a beautiful nymph called Echo. But Echo had one failing; she was fond of talking, and whether in chat or argument, would have the last word. As she was good company, she and Zeus became good friends. However, Zeus' wife, Hera, became jealous. She followed Zeus to the earth to find out what he was doing and Zeus asked Echo to distract Hera until he could escape. Later when Hera discovered she had been tricked, she became very angry. She turned on Echo and said, \"You shall lose the use of your tongue because you cheated me. You'll have the last word, bur no longer have the power to speak first.\" So from that moment on, Beautiful Echo was hardly able to hold a conversation because she could only repeat the last words of those around her. She became very embarrassed and hid herself deep in the woods. \n\nOne day a handsome young man called Narcissus came into the woods. He had been hunting deer and lost his way. However, the moment Echo saw him, she fell in love with him. She followed him, wishing to tell him but unable to begin a conversation. Oh, how she wished she could speak first. Unfortunately, Narcissus was far too busy worrying about where his companions might be and how he could find his way home. \n\nEventually Narcissus, with Echo following behind along, came to a pool of water in the middle of the woods. Feeling thirsty, Narcissus bent down to drink. As he did so, he saw a beautiful creature in the water staring up at him. He immediately bent over and said to him, \"I love you!\" Echo, nearby, and seeing her chance, immediately responded \".... I love you!\" But it was too late. Narcissus was already in love, with himself. \n\nThe stranger seemed to rise up closer to Narcissus who was so involved that he entirely failed to notice Echo. \"I want to stay and look at this beautiful sight forever,\" he whispered dreamily to himself.\"... Forever,\" repeated Echo sadly. \"Come here,\" called Narcissus to his reflection as he moved his head and the creature seemed to move away. \"...Here.\" responded Echo. Narcissus bent back down to see his reflection more clearly. \"So beautiful! I've never seen anything so beautiful!\" \"....So beautiful!\" responded Echo truthfully. \n\nNarcissus remained by the water refusing all Echo's silent offers of food and drink until he died. Where he had been, a flower grew in his place, as beautiful as Narcissus himself. As for Echo, from that time forward, she also didn't eat or drink till she turned to rocks and all that was left was her voice. Even now you can still hear Echo trying to attract Narcissus' attention by repeating his words and still see Narcissus as a beautiful flower growing near a pool.", "question": "What was its characteristic?", "context": "The Flower has the characteristic of being Beautiful. Narcissus has the characteristic of being Handsome. Echo has the characteristic of having the Last Word.", "based_on_pattern": "(Flower)-[has characteristic]->(Beautiful) || (Narcissus)-[has characteristic]->(Handsome) || (Echo)-[has characteristic]->(Last Word)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0517", "coqa_story": "Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, England. It is a division of Thomson Reuters. \n\nUntil 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. Reuters transmits news in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Urdu, and Chinese. It was established in 1851. \n\nThe Reuter agency was established in 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter in Britain at the London Royal Exchange. Paul Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions in 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen. \n\nUpon moving to England, he founded Reuter's Telegram Company in 1851. Headquartered in London, the company initially covered commercial news, serving banks, brokerage houses, and business firms. The first newspaper client to subscribe was the London \"Morning Advertiser\" in 1858. Afterwards more newspapers signed up, with \"Britannica Encyclopedia\" writing that \"the value of Reuters to newspapers lay not only in the financial news it provided but in its ability to be the first to report on stories of international importance.\" Reuter's agency built a reputation in Europe and the rest of the world as the first to report news scoops from abroad. Reuters was the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe, for instance, in 1865. In 1872, Reuters expanded into the far east, followed by South America in 1874. Both expansions were made possible by advances in overland telegraphs and undersea cables. In 1883, Reuters began transmitting messages electrically to London newspapers.", "question": "Of which larger company is Reuters a division?", "context": "Reuters is a division of Thomson Reuters.", "based_on_pattern": "(Reuters)-[DIVISION_OF]->(Thomson Reuters)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0518", "coqa_story": "(EW) -- After four years off of the silver screen, James Bond made his triumphant return this weekend in \"Skyfall\" \u00e2\u20ac\u201d and the British spy's appeal was bigger than ever. \n\nThe action thriller grossed a truly massive $87.8 million in its first three days (and an additional $2.2 million during Thursday night previews), making its debut the very best in the Bond series' 23-film history \u00e2\u20ac\u201d by a huge margin. \n\n\"Skyfall\" shattered the previous opening weekend record for a Bond film, which was set in 2008 when \"Quantum of Solace\" bowed with $67.5 million. With the lucrative Thanksgiving holiday on the horizon and a straight \"A\" CinemaScore grade, it's likely that \"Skyfall\" will also become the first Bond movie to ever pass the $200 million mark at the domestic box office. (Of course, this is not accounting for inflation.) \n\nEW critics disagree on 'Skyfall' \n\n\"Skyfall's\" debut marks the seventh-best November opening weekend of all time \u00e2\u20ac\u201d behind two \"Twilight\" films and four \"Harry Potter\" titles \u00e2\u20ac\u201d and the film, which Sony and MGM spent about $200 million to make, garnered an impressive $25,050 per theater average from 3,505 theaters. \"Skyfall's\" per-theater average was even more impressive in IMAX locations, where the film found $13.1 million (15 percent of its weekend gross) from 320 screens, good for a $40,938 average. \n\nDaniel Craig, the sixth man to play Bond, has seen his popularity as the character surge since taking over the iconic role in 2006. His first Bond film, \"Casino Royale,\" debuted with $40.8 million on the way to a $167.4 million finish. Two years later, \"Quantum of Solace\" opened 65 percent higher with $67.5 million on the way to $168.5 million total. (Reception for the film was tepid, which is why its endurance at the box office was so much weaker than \"Casino Royale's.\") And now \"Skyfall\" has improved upon \"Quantum's\" opening weekend by 30 percent. At this rate, Craig's next turn as Bond (due in 2014) could garner well over $100 million in its debut frame. ", "question": "Which movie's opening weekend box office performance was surpassed by Skyfall?", "context": "Skyfall surpassed the opening weekend box office performance of Quantum Of Solace.", "based_on_pattern": "(Skyfall)-[SURPASSED_OPENING_WEEKEND_OF]->(Quantum Of Solace)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0519", "coqa_story": "(RollingStone.com ) -- Like many authors, Courtney Love is a victim of writer's block. \n\nFor over a year, the Hole singer has been penning a memoir with Rolling Stone writer Anthony Bozza. \"The Girl With the Most Cake\" was originally supposed to hit bookshelves in December 2013 before being pushed back to early-2014. Three-quarters of the way through the year and Love's memoir is still nowhere on the release schedule, and as the singer tells Paper, don't expect to be reading her life story anytime soon. As it turns out, not everyone can write a 460-page autobiography as quickly and easily as Morrissey. \n\nRS: Q&A with Courtney Love on her memoir and 'I'm Still Alive' tour \n\n\"It's a disaster. A nightmare,\" Love told Paper (via Billboard) of her memoir. \"I never wanted to write a book in my entire life. It just sort of happened. And I have a co-writer, but it's just not working.\" \n\nWhile Love originally told Rolling Stone the book would cover her life up until 2008, she's since subtracted a few years from the tome. \"What happens from 2006 on in the book is my personal business. I've been discreet from that time on, and I want to keep it that way,\" Love said. \n\nRS: Courtney Love wrote letters of apology over Springsteen diss \n\nWhen Love first discussed her memoir with Rolling Stone in June 2013, she had high hopes for the book, citing Patti Smith's \"Just Kids\" and Russell Brand's \"My Booky Wook\" as influences. (But not Keith Richards' \"Life,\" since it was \"just so bloody long, I didn't even finish it.\") If and when Love's memoir finally arrives through William Morrow at Harper Collins, she promises it will focus on her battles with drug addiction, her \"tragic romance\" with Kurt Cobain, her relationships with Billy Corgan and Trent Reznor, and her early years as a stripper. ", "question": "Which book was influenced by the memoir 'Just Kids'?", "context": "The book 'The Girl With The Most Cake' was influenced by 'Just Kids'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Just Kids)-[INFLUENCED]->(The Girl With The Most Cake)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0520", "coqa_story": "CBC Canada , CTV News A group of Canadian kids are spreading a bit of Christmas spirit in Halifax, Nova Scotia, by covering warm clothes around light poles for the city's homeless people to pick up and use. _ was such an unusual sight that locals stopped to take pictures to share on social media . Every year, Tara Atkins-Smith collects warm clothes from her community in order to help the less lucky. This year, since the family was traveling to Halifax with their daughter Jayda and seven of her friends to celebrate her 8thbirthday Tara thought it was the perfect time to teach the chidren a valuable life lesson. The kids spent time handing out coats to the homeless and tied the rest around light poles for others to pick up. Each of the clothes had a tag that read, \"I am not lost. If you are caught in the cold, please take me to keep warm. \" According to Tara, the experience helped the children better understand the difficult situation of homeless people, who have to brave the cold winter on the streets. \"When we got back in the car after an hour on the street, they were all freezing cold and crying for the heater to be on because they were cold , \" she said. By next morning, all the jackets, gloves, and scarves on the poles were gone. Photos of the inspriring project have been shared about 8, 000 times on Facebook, and have got over10,000 likes. Tara, who did something similar in Toronto in December last year, says she's already planning next year's coat drive. She hopes that the meaningful thing can spread around the world, and she also wants to add $5 fast food gift card so that the homeless people can also enjoy a hot meal. \"We've got help from others when we were in need, and we knew how great it made us feel,\" said Zackary Atkins, Tara's husband.", "question": "In which Canadian province is the city of Halifax located?", "context": "The city of Halifax is located in Nova Scotia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Halifax)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Nova Scotia)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0521", "coqa_story": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle Price: PS28.00 Publication Date: 30/11/2006 Publisher's description: Collect Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in late-nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies of Doyle, Holmes, and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society. Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:11/10/2006 Brief description: This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope. For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience. Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future. This biology of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision. In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman Price: PS16.00 Publication Date:02/09/2006 Brief description: On 11th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the world Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe---in her school at the foot of the burning towers---he returned home, to mediate on the trauma , and to work on a comic strip . In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of \"the hijacking on 9.11 and the following hijacking of those events\" by America. Light on Snow by Anita Shreve Price: PS14.00 Publication Date:07/10/2006 Publisher's description: This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller. A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself. Last Child in the Woods by Richard Louv Price: PS20.99 Publication Date:11/08/2006 Brief description: Camping in the garden, riding bikes through the woods, climbing trees, picking wildflowers, running through piles of autumn leaves... these are the things childhood memories are made of. But for a whole generation of today's children the pleasures of a free-range childhood are missing, and their indoor habits contribute to obesity, attention disorder and childhood depression. This book shows how our children have become increasingly distanced from nature, why this matters and how we can make a difference. Richard Louv is chairman of the Children and Nature Network and co-chair of the National Forum on Children and Nature. He is the author of seven other books and has written for newspapers and magazines including the New York Times and the Washington Post.", "question": "When was it published?", "context": "New Annotated Sherlock Holmes was published on 30/11/2006. Breaking Ground was published on 11/10/2006. In The Shadow Of No Towers was published on 02/09/2006. Light On Snow was published on 07/10/2006. Last Child In The Woods was published on 11/08/2006.", "based_on_pattern": "(New Annotated Sherlock Holmes)-[published on]->(30/11/2006) || (Breaking Ground)-[published on]->(11/10/2006) || (In The Shadow Of No Towers)-[published on]->(02/09/2006) || (Light On Snow)-[published on]->(07/10/2006) || (Last Child In The Woods)-[published on]->(11/08/2006)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0522", "coqa_story": "\"Your first home,\" Laurence Yep wrote in his book, The Lost Garden, \"will always be the one that you remember best. I have been away from it for over twenty years, but I still go back in my dreams.\" For Yep, whose father came from China, home was an apartment and the family grocery store in a neighborhood of San Francisco. It was there that he learned about patience, hard work, and getting along with neighbors. \n\nMr. Brown, Laurence Yep's high school English teacher, often set high goals for his students. He was the first person to encourage Yep to write. The experience of that class changed the direction of Yep's life. At the age of 18 Yep published his first short story, a sci-fi fantasy. He has since written many books and many kinds of books. He has retold Chinese folk stories and written for the theater. In nearly all these varied works, Yep, who is married to the children's book author Joanne Ryder, has returned to questions he has been asking himself since childhood: What does it mean to be Chinese and American? Can one who belongs to two cultures ever feel at home anywhere? \n\nWhen asked, \"How has being of a Chinese by origin been important to you?\" Laurence Yep replied, \"As a child I wanted to be as American as possible. Then, in my early twenties, I became very interested in my Chinese roots. For years after that, I thought that my function as a Chinese American writer was to act as a bridge between two cultures. Now, though, I am not so sure that it is possible to join them together. Compared with Asian culture, American culture pays more attention to individuals and competition. The two cultures pull in opposite directions. So I see myself now as someone who will always be on the border between two cultures. That works to my benefit as a writer because not quite fitting in helps me be a better observer.\"", "question": "What kind of writers are they?", "context": "Laurence Yep is a Chinese American Writer. Joanne Ryder is a Children'S Book Author.", "based_on_pattern": "(Laurence Yep)-[is a]->(Chinese American Writer) || (Joanne Ryder)-[is a]->(Children'S Book Author)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0523", "coqa_story": "Fred Astaire was born in Nebraska in 1899. Fred and his sister, Adele, learned to dance when they were very young. Their mother took them to New York to study dance. They performed in their first professional show when Fred was ten years old and Adele was twelve. Later, as teenagers, the two danced in many shows throughout the United States. Their first big success was on Broadway in 1917. The Astaires -- as they were known --- became Broadway stars. However, in 1932, Adele Astaire married a British man, and stopped performing. But Fred did not give up his dream. He would go on alone, in the movies. Fred said, \"Dancing is a sweaty job. You cannot just sit down and do it. You have to get up on your feet. It takes time to get a dance right, to create something memorable. I always try to get to know my dance so well that I do not have to think.\" In 1949, Fred Astaire won a special award for his film work from America's Motion Picture Academy. He also won awards from the television industry for a number of his television programs.[:ZXXK] Fred stopped dancing in 1970. He was more than seventy years old at the time. He said a dancer could not continue dancing forever. He said he did not want to disappoint anyone, even himself. He danced again in public only once after that. It was with another great male dancer, Gene Kelly, in the movie \"That's Entertainment, Part Two\". Fred Astaire and his first wife, Phyllis, had three children. Phyllis died in 1954. Twenty-five years later, Fred married race horse rider Robyn Smith. Fred Astaire died on June 22, 1987. He was eighty-eight years old. He was called the greatest dancer in the world. His dancing was called perfect. And moviegoers everywhere will remember him as a great performer whose work will live forever in his films.", "question": "Who is he married to?", "context": "Fred Astaire is married to Phyllis. Phyllis is married to Fred Astaire.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fred Astaire)-[married to]->(Phyllis) || (Phyllis)-[married to]->(Fred Astaire)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0524", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St., Chicago \n\nBasic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50.Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge: $75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nStop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00pm. Dr John Goode is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking. \n\nTyping This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Material charge: $25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before. \n\nOil painting Oil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll at this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and learn to paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together with the teacher's knowledge and your passion-we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here. \n\nSinging This course shows you how to deliver an accomplished vocal performance on stage and in the studio. Develop your vocal talents with professional warm-up routines and learn vocal techniques to gain confidence in your performance. You'll learn to perform classic songs before exploring your own songwriting ideas with a tutor. And finally you'll get the chance to record in a professional studio. Singing tuition may be in groups or one-to-one. We have Choral singing, Gospel singing, Folk singing and many other styles of song. All styles are welcome and no previous experience is required. Please read on for course contents and reviews from our students. Course charge: $90. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30pm. Peter Syrus is a Grammy award winning tutor.", "question": "What is its schedule?", "context": "Oil Painting has a schedule of Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 Pm. Basic Photography has a schedule of Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 Pm. Stop Smoking has a schedule of Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00Pm. Singing has a schedule of Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30Pm. Understanding Computers has a schedule of Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30Pm.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oil Painting)-[has schedule]->(Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 Pm) || (Basic Photography)-[has schedule]->(Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 Pm) || (Stop Smoking)-[has schedule]->(Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00Pm) || (Singing)-[has schedule]->(Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30Pm) || (Understanding Computers)-[has schedule]->(Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30Pm)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0525", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV. \n\n\"It's hame, and it's hame, and it's hame.\" \n\nCunningham. \n\nEdmund and Gerald had promised to spend a few days at Oakworthy, before the one returned to Portsmouth and the other to Eton; but their plans were disconcerted by an event which, as Clara said, placed Marian in mourning in good earnest, namely, the death of her great aunt, old Mrs. Jessie Arundel, who had always lived at Torquay. For the last four or five years she had been almost imbecile, and so likely to die at any time, that, as it seemed for that very reason, every one took her death as a surprise when it really happened. \n\nEdmund thought it right that both he and Gerald should attend her funeral. Lord Marchmont, whose wife stood in the same relationship to her, met them in London, and they all went together to Torquay, instead of making the intended visit to Oakworthy. Gerald was obliged to return to Eton on the following day, without coming to Oakworthy; but, to make up for it, he wrote to his Writer from Torquay, and his letter ended thus,--\"Now I have a capital bit of news for you. Old aunt Jessie has done what I shall venerate her for ever after--left every scrap of her property to Edmund, except a legacy or two to her servants, a picture of my father to me, and some queer old-fashioned jewels to you and Selina. The will was made just after I was born; so it was to make up to Edmund for my cutting him out of Fern Torr. You may suppose how Lord Marchmont and I shook hands with him. It is somewhere about \u00c2\u00a320,000; there is good news for you! He is executor, and has got to be here a day or two longer; but Lord Marchmont and I set off by the first train to-morrow. I shall look out for Lionel, tell him, in case he is too blind to see me. Can't you come with him to the station, and have one moment's talk?\" ", "question": "What responsibility did Edmund have regarding Mrs. Jessie Arundel's will?", "context": "Edmund was the executor of Mrs. Jessie Arundel's will.", "based_on_pattern": "(Edmund)-[EXECUTOR_OF_WILL_OF]->(Mrs. Jessie Arundel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0526", "coqa_story": "Blair: Blair was the first to appear in movies in history. In 1905, Blair appeared in the movie Rescued by Rover . It is a British film that a baby is kidnapped by an old woman, but the faithful family dog Rover saves the baby at last. \n\nThough Rover is a common name, it became popular because of the dog hero in the movie. \n\nLassie: lassie used to be the most famous dog in the world. She is a character who has starred in many movies, TV shows and books over the years. \n\nLassie was created by Eric Knight and made her way into a short story in a newspaper in 1913 and into a novel in 1940. \n\nLaika: Laika is the first animal that has orbited the earth. On November 3, 1957, Laika was sent to space in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2.(2). The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that the spacecraft would not return. It meant that the poor animal would die. People argued a lot about Laika's death. Several countries issued stamps in memory of Laika. She became the first animal to give her life for the exploration of space. \n\nRin Tin Tin: Rin Tin Tin is the first American dog movie star. He first appeared in WhereThe North Begins in 1925. Rin Tin Tin went on to make 25 movies, he even signed his own contracts with paw prints . During his best time, he earned about 5 million dollars for those people who worked for him. \n\nSnoopy: snoopy may be the most famous cartoon dog in the world. As a hunting beagle from Charles Schultz' popular newspaper comic strip , Peanuts, snoopy first appeared in 1950. Though snoopy was at first a minor figure, he grew to become the strip's best-known character. He is famous for always sleeping on top of his doghouse and sometimes dressing up and pretending himself as a World War I airplane pilot. Snoopy appeared in the Peanuts comic strips until Schultz's retirement ( and death ) in February of 2000.", "question": "How many movies did Rin Tin Tin make?", "context": "Rin Tin Tin made 25 movies.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rin Tin Tin)-[MADE_MOVIES]->(25)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0527", "coqa_story": "Have you got any wonderful plans for your coming winter vacation? Here are some wonderful films for you to kill time. _ Verona De Tessant (Maya Rudolph) and Burt Farlander (John Krasinski) are in their early thirties and struggling to meet daily needs and build fulfilling lives as an artist and a salesman. When they learn they will soon become parents, they are faced with the challenge of how and where to raise a child and build a happy family. With a baby on his way, the young couple, look at their lives and are puzzled about what they really want. _ Lynn was married to Pual, but they broke up and Lynn took their daughter Alice while Paul got their son Dylan. Years later, now Dylan is getting married, and Lynn is attending the wedding, with her younger son Elliot and Ben. Elliot is a drug addict and Ben keeps everything to himself. Dylan hasn't spoken to Lynn in years, and Lynn is fearful of Pual and his wife Patty. At last, all this has put Lynn in a depressed situation, and she's not sure just how she's going to get through the day. _ Also named as Life is Beautiful, the film is a black comedy and also a best medicine that heals the scar left by war. This movie has some kind of characteristics as natural and active. On the 7th Oscar Award Ceremony , the movie won three great awards. It is not a sad movie from the very beginning , but when the father uses a great way to hide his murder from his son, all people are impressed by this moving deed. Under the protection of the father, the son has lived a happy life. _ The film is an American film directed by Frank Darabont and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The film tells the story of Andy, a banker who spends nearly two decades in Shawshank State Prison for the murder of his wife and his wife's lover despite his claims of innocence. There he makes friends with Red. Andy manages to escape from the prison by digging a tunnel with the rock hammer over the years. When Red is later released , he remembers Andy's advice. He then visits the place Andy mentions before he escapes. There, he finds money and a note left by Andy, telling him to get to Zihuatanejo.", "question": "Who was he played by?", "context": "Burt Farlander was played by John Krasinski. Verona De Tessant was played by Maya Rudolph.", "based_on_pattern": "(Burt Farlander)-[played by]->(John Krasinski) || (Verona De Tessant)-[played by]->(Maya Rudolph)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0528", "coqa_story": "Donna Ashlock, a 14-year-old girl from California, was very sick. She had a bad heart. \"Donna needs a new heart,\" her doctor said, \"she must have a new heart, or she will die soon.\" Felipe Carza, 15, was worried about Donna. Felipe was Donna's friend. He liked Donna very much. He liked her freckles, and he liked her smile. Felipe didn't want Donna to die. Felipe talked to his mother about Donna. \"I am going to die,\" Felipe told his mother, \"and I am going to give my heat to Donna.\" Felipe's mother didn't pay much attention to Felipe. \"Felipe is just kidding,\" she thought, \"Felipe is not going to die. He's strong and healthy.\" But Felipe was not healthy. He had terrible headaches sometimes. \"my head hurts,\" he often told his friends. Felipe never told his parents about his headaches. One morning Felipe woke up with a sharp pain in his head. He was dizzy , and he couldn't breathe. His parents rushed Felipe to the hospital. Doctors at the hospital had terrible news for them. \"Felipe' s brain is dead,\" the doctors said, \"we can't save him.\" The parents were very sad. But they remembered Felipe's words. \"Felipe wanted to give his heart to Donna,\" they told the doctors. The doctors did several tests. Then they told the parents, \"we can give Felipe's heart to Donna.\" The doctors took out Felipe's heart and rushed the heart to Donna. Other doctors took out Donna's heart and put Felipe's heart in her chest. In a short time the heart began to beat. The operation was a success. Felipe's heart was beating in Donna's chest, but Donna didn't know it. Her parents and doctors didn't tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe. \"I feel very sad,\" Donna said, \"but I am thankful to Felipe.\" Three months later the operation Donna went back to school. She has to have regular checkups, and she has to take medicine every day. But she is living a normal life. Felipe's brother John says, \"Every time we see Donna, we think of Felipe. She has Felipe's heart in her. That gives us great peace.\"", "question": "What organ did Felipe Carza donate to Donna Ashlock?", "context": "Felipe Carza donated his heart to Donna Ashlock.", "based_on_pattern": "(Felipe Carza)-[DONATED_HEART_TO]->(Donna Ashlock)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0529", "coqa_story": "As Amy Hagadorn rounded the corner across the hall from her classroom, she crashed with a tall boy from the fifth grade running in the opposite direction. \n\n\"Watch it, Squirt,\" the boy yelled, as he dodged around the little third grader. Then, with an unfriendly smile on his face, the boy took hold of his right leg and mimicked the way Amy limped when she walked. \n\nAmy closed her eyes for a moment. --Ignore him, she told herself as she headed for her classroom. \n\nBut at the end of the day, Amy was still thinking about the tall boy's mean teasing. It wasn't as if he were the only one. Amy was tired of it. Sometimes, even in a classroom full of other students, the teasing about her speech or her limping made her feel all alone. \n\nBack home at the dinner table that evening Amy was quiet. That's why Patti Hagdorn was happy to havesome exciting news to share with her daughter. \n\n\"There's a Christmas Wish Contest on the radio station,\" she announced. \"Write a letter to Santa and you might win a prize. I think someone at this table with blond curly hair should enter.\" \n\nAmy giggled. The contest sounded like fun. She started thinking about what she wanted most for Christmas. \n\nA smile took hold of Amy when the idea first came to her. Out came pencil and paper and Amy went to work on her letter. --Dear Santa Claus, she began. \n\nWhile Amy worked away at her best printing, the rest of the family tried to guess what she might ask from Santa. Amy's sister, Jamie, and Amy's mom both thought a 3-foot Barbie Doll would top Amy's wish list. Amy's dad guessed a picture book. But Amy wasn't ready to reveal her secret Christmas wish just then. Here is Amy's letter to Santa, just as she wrote it that night: \n\nDear Santa Clause, \n\nMy name is Amy. I am 9 years old. I have a problem at school. Can you help me, Santa? Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy . I just want one day where no one laughs at me or makes fun of me. \n\nLove, \n\nAmy \n\nAt radio station WJLT in Fort Wayne, Indiana, letters poured in for the Christmas Wish Contest. The workers had fun reading about all the different presents that boys and girls from across the city wanted for Christmas. \n\nWhen Amy's letter arrived at the radio station, manager Lee Tobin read it carefully. He knew cerebral palsy was a muscle disorder that might confuse the schoolmates of Amy who didn't understand her disability. He thought it would be good for the people in Fort Wayne to hear about this special third grader and her unusual wish. Mr. Tobin called up the local newspaper. \n\nThe next day, a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the News Sentinel. The story spread quickly. All across the country, newspapers and radio and television station reported the story of the little girl in Fort Wayne, Indiana, who asked for such a simple, yet remarkable Christmas gift - just one day without teasing. \n\nSuddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation. They came filled with holiday greetings and words of encouragement. \n\nDuring that unforgettable Christmas season, over two thousand people from all over the world sent Amy letters of friendship and support. Amy and her family read every single one. Some of the writers had disabilities; some had been teased as children. Many people thanked Amy for being brave enough to speak up. Others encouraged her to ignore teasing and to carry her head high. Each writer had a special message for Amy. Through the cards and letters from strangers, Amy glimpsed a world full of people who truly cared about each other. She realized that no amount or form of teasing could ever make her feel lonely again. \n\nAmy did get her wish of a special day without teasing at South Wayne Elementary School. Additionally, everyone at school got an added bonus. Teachers and students talked together about how bad teasing can make others feel. \n\nThat year, the Fort Wayne mayor officially proclaimed December 21st as Amy Jo Hagadorn Day throughout the city. The mayor explained that by daring to make such a simple wish, Amy taught a universal lesson. \n\n\"Everyone,\" said the mayor, \"wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth.\"", "question": "What special day did the Fort Wayne Mayor proclaim?", "context": "The Fort Wayne Mayor proclaimed Amy Jo Hagadorn Day.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fort Wayne Mayor)-[PROCLAIMED]->(Amy Jo Hagadorn Day)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0530", "coqa_story": "Blair: Blair was the first to appear in movies in history. In 1905, Blair appeared in the movie Rescued by Rover . It is a British film that a baby is kidnapped by an old woman, but the faithful family dog Rover saves the baby at last. \n\nThough Rover is a common name, it became popular because of the dog hero in the movie. \n\nLassie: lassie used to be the most famous dog in the world. She is a character who has starred in many movies, TV shows and books over the years. \n\nLassie was created by Eric Knight and made her way into a short story in a newspaper in 1913 and into a novel in 1940. \n\nLaika: Laika is the first animal that has orbited the earth. On November 3, 1957, Laika was sent to space in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2.(2). The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that the spacecraft would not return. It meant that the poor animal would die. People argued a lot about Laika's death. Several countries issued stamps in memory of Laika. She became the first animal to give her life for the exploration of space. \n\nRin Tin Tin: Rin Tin Tin is the first American dog movie star. He first appeared in WhereThe North Begins in 1925. Rin Tin Tin went on to make 25 movies, he even signed his own contracts with paw prints . During his best time, he earned about 5 million dollars for those people who worked for him. \n\nSnoopy: snoopy may be the most famous cartoon dog in the world. As a hunting beagle from Charles Schultz' popular newspaper comic strip , Peanuts, snoopy first appeared in 1950. Though snoopy was at first a minor figure, he grew to become the strip's best-known character. He is famous for always sleeping on top of his doghouse and sometimes dressing up and pretending himself as a World War I airplane pilot. Snoopy appeared in the Peanuts comic strips until Schultz's retirement ( and death ) in February of 2000.", "question": "What is it?", "context": "Rin Tin Tin is a American. Rescued By Rover is a British. Snoopy is a Hunting Beagle.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rin Tin Tin)-[is a]->(American) || (Rescued By Rover)-[is a]->(British) || (Snoopy)-[is a]->(Hunting Beagle)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0531", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- A second former co-owner of the California slaughterhouse involved in a recall of nearly nine million pounds of meat was charged with knowingly processing and distributing meat from cancerous cows, court documents released this week say. \n\nRobert Singleton, co-owner of the Rancho Feeding Corporation in Petaluma, was primarily responsible for purchasing cattle and loading shipments for distribution, prosecutors say. \n\nHe is charged with distributing \"adulterated, misbranded, and uninspected\" meat, according to the documents. \n\nSingleton jointly owned the meat plant with Jesse J. Amaral Jr., the former president and general manager who is also known as also known as \"Babe Amaral.\" \n\nAmaral and his former employees, Felix Sandoval Cabrera and Eugene Corda, have all been charged with unlawful sale and distribution of contaminated meat. \n\nProsecutors allege that Amaral and Singleton directed Corda and Cabrera to circumvent inspection procedures for certain cows with signs of epithelioma of the eye, also known as \"cancer eye.\" \n\nWhile Singleton is accused of knowingly purchasing cattle with signs of epithelioma, Amaral allegedly directed employees to carve \"USDA Condemned\" stamps out of certain cow carcasses and to process them for sale and distribution, despite having been rejected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian. \n\nAmaral is also charged with sending false invoices to farmers, telling them that their cattle had died or been condemned and charging them \"handling fees\" for disposal of the carcasses, instead of compensating them for the sale price, prosecutors said. \n\nIf convicted, Singleton faces up to three years imprisonment, with one year of supervised release, and a $10,000 fine. Amaral, Cabrera and Corda could receive up to 20 years in prison and $250,000 in fines. ", "question": "What specific charge was brought against Robert Singleton regarding meat distribution?", "context": "Robert Singleton was charged with distributing adulterated, misbranded, and uninspected meat.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robert Singleton)-[CHARGED_WITH]->(Distributing Adulterated, Misbranded, And Uninspected Meat)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0532", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VII \n\nAs Eustace was returning, his attention was caught by repeated groans, which proceeded from a wretched little hovel almost level with the earth. \"Hark!\" said he to Ingram, a tall stout man-at-arms from the Lynwood estate. \"Didst thou not hear a groaning?\" \n\n\"Some of the Castilians, Sir. To think that the brutes should be content to live in holes not fit for swine!\" \n\n\"But methought it was an English tongue. Listen, John!\" \n\nAnd in truth English ejaculations mingled with the moans: \"To St. Joseph of Glastonbury, a shrine of silver! Blessed Lady of Taunton, a silver candlestick! Oh! St. Dunstan!\" \n\nEustace doubted no longer; and stooping down and entering the hut, he beheld, as well as the darkness would allow him, Leonard Ashton himself, stretched on some mouldy rushes, and so much altered, that he could scarcely have been recognized as the sturdy, ruddy youth who had quitted the Lances of Lynwood but five weeks before. \n\n\"Eustace! Eustace!\" he exclaimed, as the face of his late companion appeared. \"Can it be you? Have the saints sent you to my succour?\" \n\n\"It is I, myself, Leonard,\" replied Eustace; \"and I hope to aid you. How is it--\" \n\n\"Let me feel your hand, that I may be sure you are flesh and blood,\" cried Ashton, raising himself and grasping Eustace's hand between his own, which burnt like fire; then, lowering his voice to a whisper of horror, \"She is a witch!\" \n\n\"Who?\" asked Eustace, making the sign of the cross. \n\nLeonard pointed to a kind of partition which crossed the hut, beyond which Eustace could perceive an old hag-like woman, bending over a cauldron which was placed on the fire. Having made this effort, he sank back, hiding his face with his cloak, and trembling in every limb. A thrill of dismay passed over the Knight, and the giant, John Ingram, stood shaking like an aspen, pale as death, and crossing himself perpetually. \"Oh, take me from this place, Eustace,\" repeated Leonard, \"or I am a dead man, both body and soul!\" ", "question": "What title does he have?", "context": "Ingram has the title Man-At-Arms. Eustace has the title Knight.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ingram)-[has title]->(Man-At-Arms) || (Eustace)-[has title]->(Knight)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0533", "coqa_story": "Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work,plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks. \n\nSeveral yards away, Frank, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying. \n\nBut when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, \"Oh, my God, she fell in!\" Frank didn't hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. \"No! Not you! \" his girlfriend screamed after him. \n\nShe was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station. \n\nIt was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. \n\nLisa thought she'd been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in. \n\nPolice and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. \"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die.\" she explained.", "question": "Who is Jennifer's boyfriend?", "context": "Frank is Jennifer's boyfriend.", "based_on_pattern": "(Frank)-[IS_BOYFRIEND_OF]->(Jennifer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0534", "coqa_story": "Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223). \n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u20308,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203010 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203014 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203018 The digits 0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.", "question": "What is it positioned before?", "context": "Space is positioned before Graphic Codes. Special Signs is positioned before Digits.", "based_on_pattern": "(Space)-[positioned before]->(Graphic Codes) || (Special Signs)-[positioned before]->(Digits)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0535", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXIV. THE INTERRUPTED MASS \n\nThe morning of that Wednesday of Corpus Christi, fateful to all concerned in this chronicle, dawned misty and grey, and the air was chilled by the wind that blew from the sea. The chapel bell tinkled out its summons, and the garrison trooped faithfully to Mass. \n\nPresently came Monna Valentina, followed by her ladies, her pages, and lastly, Peppe, wearing under his thin mask of piety an air of eager anxiety and unrest. Valentina was very pale, and round her eyes there were dark circles that told of sleeplessness, and as she bowed her head in prayer, her ladies observed that tears were falling on the illuminated Mass-book over which she bent. And now came Fra Domenico from the sacristy in the white chasuble that the Church ordains for the Corpus Christi feast, followed by a page in a clerkly gown of black, and the Mass commenced. \n\nThere were absent only from the gathering Gonzaga and Fortemani, besides a sentry and the three prisoners. Francesco and his two followers. \n\nGonzaga had presented himself to Valentina with the plausible tale that, as the events of which Fanfulla's letter had given them knowledge might lead Gian Maria at any moment to desperate measures, it might be well that he should reinforce the single man-at-arms patrolling the walls. Valentina, little recking now whether the castle held or fell, and still less such trifles as Gonzaga's attendance at Mass, had assented without heeding the import of what he said. \n\nAnd so, his face drawn and his body quivering with the excitement of what he was about to do, Gonzaga had repaired to the ramparts so soon as he had seen them all safely into chapel. The sentinel was that same clerkly youth Aventano, who had read to the soldiers that letter Gian Maria had sent Gonzaga. This the courtier accepted as a good omen. If a man there was among the soldiery at Roccaleone with whom he deemed that he had an account to settle, that man was Aventano. ", "question": "What is he?", "context": "Francesco is a type of Prisoner. Aventano is a type of Sentinel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Francesco)-[is type of]->(Prisoner) || (Aventano)-[is type of]->(Sentinel)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0536", "coqa_story": "Library and Archives Canada (LAC) (in ) is a federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving and making Canada's documentary heritage accessible. LAC reports to Parliament through M\u00c3\u00a9lanie Joly, the Minister of Canadian Heritage since November 4, 2015. \n\nThe Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture and was transformed into the autonomous Public Archives of Canada in 1912 and renamed the National Archives of Canada in 1987. The National Library of Canada was founded in 1953. Freda Farrell Waldon contributed to the writing of the brief which led to the founding of the National Library of Canada. In 2004, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) combined the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. It was established by the \"Library and Archives of Canada Act\" (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004. A subsequent Order in Council dated May 21, 2004 united the collections, services and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Since inception LAC has reported to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. \n\nLAC's stated mandate is: \n\nLAC is expected to maintain \"effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability\". \n\nLAC's holdings include the archival records of the Government of Canada, representative private archives, 20 million books acquired largely through legal deposit, 24 million photographs, and more than a petabyte of digital content. Some of this content, primarily the book collection, university theses and census material, is available online. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013 only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing \"about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items\".", "question": "To which governing body does Library and Archives Canada report?", "context": "Library and Archives Canada reports to Parliament.", "based_on_pattern": "(Library And Archives Canada)-[REPORTS_TO]->(Parliament)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0537", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- President James K. Polk holds a distinction among those who have sought the nation's top job: He's the only major candidate to win the White House despite losing the vote in the state where he was born and the state where he lived. \n\nIt happened in 1844, and now 168 years later, Republican nominee Mitt Romney may need to duplicate Polk's feat if he wants to defeat President Barack Obama in Tuesday's election. \n\nAccording to polls, Romney faces the prospect of losing both the state of his birth, Michigan, and the state where he lives and served as governor, Massachusetts. \n\nCNN Polling Center \n\nObama holds a double digit lead in Massachusetts, but the race is closer in Michigan, with the polls tightening, though the president remains in front. \n\nUnder the Electoral College system, each state is worth a certain number of electoral votes based on population. There are a total of 538 electoral votes available, meaning 270 are required to win. \n\nRomney has many plausible paths to victory on Tuesday without winning Michigan or Massachusetts. \n\nYet the prospect that he might lose either or both raises the question of how many other presidential candidates in U.S. history also were unable to win their birth or home states? \n\nWinners who overcame the loss of a state with strong personal ties included Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon and both George H.W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush. \n\nNew national poll shows Obama, Romney virtually tied \n\nHonest Abe won his home state of Illinois, but lost his birth state of Kentucky in both of his presidential runs in 1860 and 1864. In 1968, Nixon won his birth state of California, where he also ran unsuccessfully as governor, but lost his home state of New York, where he had been working as a lawyer for a few years. ", "question": "What political position did Mitt Romney hold while serving in Massachusetts?", "context": "Mitt Romney served as Governor in Massachusetts.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mitt Romney)-[SERVED_AS]->(Governor)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0538", "coqa_story": "Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend \"Venite Ad Me Omnes\". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary. \n\nAs at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "question": "When was it published?", "context": "Irish Rover was published in 2003. Common Sense was published in 1987.", "based_on_pattern": "(Irish Rover)-[published in]->(2003) || (Common Sense)-[published in]->(1987)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0539", "coqa_story": "The following are selected contributors' notes for an essay collection. KATY BUTLER, a 2004 finalist for a National Magazine Award, has written for The New Yorker, the New York Times, Mother Jones, Salon, Tricycle, and other magazines. She was born in South Africa and raised in England, and came to the United States with her family at the age of eight. \"Everything Is Holy,\" her essay about nature worship, Buddhism , and ecology, was selected for Best Buddhist Writing 2006. In 2009 she won a literary award from the Elizabeth George Foundation. \"What Broke My Father's Heart\" was named a \"notable narrative\" by the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard, won a first-place award from the Association of Health Care Journalists, and was named one of the 100 Best Magazine Articles of All Time. Butler has taught narrative nonfiction at Nieman Foundation conferences and memoir writing at Esalen Institute. Her current book project is Knocking on Heaven's Door: A Journey Through Old Age and New Medicine to be published in 2013. VICTOR LAVALLE is the author of a collection of stories, Slapboxing with Jesus, and two novels, The Ecstatic and Big Machine, for which he won the Shirley Jackson Award, the American Book Award, and the Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence. He is a 2010 Guggenheim Award winner and an assistant professor at Columbia University's School of the Arts. About \"Long Distance\" he says: \"This essay actually came about when I was asked to write about my life after having lost a great deal of weight. And yet, when I sat down to work, all I could do was return to that time when I was much heavier and deeply unhappy. Why? I sure didn't miss those days. And yet, I felt I couldn't write about my present without touching on that past. But, of course, I never reach the true present in the essay. Maybe I still don't know how to talk about a life with greater happiness. \" BRIDGET POTTER was born in Brompton-on-Swale, Yorkshire, and came to the United States as a teenager in 1958. She spent the first forty years of her career in television, beginning as a secretary, then as a producer and an executive, including fifteen years as senior vice president of original programming at HBO. In 2007 she earned a BA in cultural anthropology from Columbia University. This year she will complete an MFA in nonfiction, also from Columbia, where she has been an instructor in the University Writing Program. She is currently working on her first book, a memoir / social history of the 1960s, from which her essay \"Lucky Girl\" is adapted. PATRICIA SMITH is the author of five books of poetry, including Blood Dazzler, chronicling the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, which was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award, and Teahouse of the Almighty, a National Poetry Series selection. Her work has appeared in Poetry, The Paris Review, TriQuarterly, and The Best American Poetry 2011. She is a Pushcart Prize winner and a four-time individual champion of the National Poetry Slam, the most successful poet in the competition's history. RESHMA MEMON YAQUB wouldn't even be fit to write a grocery list were it not for her guardian editors. Her stories owe many glorious plot twists to Zain, eleven, and Zach, seven. Ditto their dad (Amer) and grandparents (Ali, Razia, Muhammad, Nasreen). Costars: Sophie, Sana, Yousef, and Maryam. Miss Yaqub lives in Bethesda, Maryland. Her next project is an investigation into the whereabouts of two missing people: Mr. Right and Ms. Memoir Literary Agent.", "question": "What was it awarded by?", "context": "What Broke My Father'S Heart was awarded by the Association Of Health Care Journalists. Katy Butler was awarded by the Elizabeth George Foundation.", "based_on_pattern": "(What Broke My Father'S Heart)-[awarded by]->(Association Of Health Care Journalists) || (Katy Butler)-[awarded by]->(Elizabeth George Foundation)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0540", "coqa_story": "When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up . Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, toldThe Sunday Timesthat he's happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to \"finally being free, being my own person\" - a change signaled by her new haircut. Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he \"did cry like a little girl\" when the last movie finished. \"It's like the ending of a relationship,\" he toldThe Vancouver Sun. \"There's a sense of, 'God, what am I going to do now?'\" He said he was eager to see \"what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts\". Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling's characters. For them, the last film isn't just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods. \"We are the Harry Potter generation,\" Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, toldThe Vancouver Sun.\"We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.\" For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. \"That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything - really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,\" she said. \"I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.\" Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US. Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams - players ride broomsticks. \"We're not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,\" Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. \"We're still engaged in that magical world.\"", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Harry Potter Theme Park is located in Florida, Us. Carleton University is located in Canada.", "based_on_pattern": "(Harry Potter Theme Park)-[located in]->(Florida, Us) || (Carleton University)-[located in]->(Canada)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0541", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XII \n\nVivian read the note over a thousand times. He could not retire to rest. He called Essper George, and gave him all necessary directions for the morning. About three o'clock Vivian lay down on a sofa, and slept for a few hours. He started often in his short and feverish slumber. His dreams were unceasing and inexplicable. At first von Sohnspeer was their natural hero; but soon the scene shifted. Vivian was at Ems, walking under the well-remembered lime-trees, and with the Baroness. Suddenly, although it was mid-day, the Sun became large, blood-red, and fell out of the heavens; his companion screamed, a man rushed forward with a drawn sword. It was the idiot Crown Prince of Reisenburg. Vivian tried to oppose him, but without success. The infuriated ruffian sheathed his weapon in the heart of the Baroness. Vivian shrieked, and fell upon her body, and, to his horror, found himself embracing the cold corpse of Violet Fane! \n\nVivian and Essper mounted their horses about seven o'clock. At eight they had reached a small inn near the Forest Councillor's house, where Vivian was to remain until Essper had watched the entrance of the Minister. It was a few minutes past nine when Essper returned with the joyful intelligence that Owlface and his master had been seen to enter the Courtyard. Vivian immediately mounted Max, and telling Essper to keep a sharp watch, he set spurs to his horse. \n\n\"Now, Max, my good steed, each minute is golden; serve thy master well!\" He patted the horse's neck, the animal's erected ears proved how well it understood its master's wishes; and taking advantage of the loose bridle, which was confidently allowed it, the horse sprang rather than galloped to the Minister's residence. Nearly an hour, however, was lost in gaining the private road, for Vivian, after the caution in the Baroness's letter, did not dare the high road. ", "question": "What did they mount?", "context": "Vivian mounted Max. Essper George mounted the Horse.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vivian)-[mounted]->(Max) || (Essper George)-[mounted]->(Horse)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0542", "coqa_story": "The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find. But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure. \n\nNew owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys. He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. \n\nA few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news that left him _ . The woman was his wife Jaqueline's aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago, and one of the boys, her cousin. \n\nThe couple have now unraveled the astonishing coincidence, which leads back to Mrs. Roccoforte's native Lancashire, where many of her family still live. The camera was bought from a shop in Preston, England by Brownie, a friend of Mr. Roccoforte, who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. \n\nBack in California, the contents of his new possession inspired Mr. Roccoforte's curiosity. Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire, he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. \n\nAnother relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber, still living in the area at the age of 81, her son Tony, Mrs. Roccoforte's cousin, and Tony's childhood friend, Mick Murphy. \n\nYesterday Mrs. Bamber was still gasping at the turn of events which has reunited two strands of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera. The two boys, both now 58, still live near Preston. \n\nMrs. Roccoforte's father is Winnie Bamber's brother, Billy Charnley. He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s. Their daughter met Mr. Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.", "question": "In which city was the Old Camera bought?", "context": "The Old Camera was bought in Preston.", "based_on_pattern": "(Old Camera)-[BOUGHT_IN]->(Preston)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0543", "coqa_story": "Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. \n\nGenetic engineering was used to introduce the \"mothers' milk\" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. \n\nAs an adult, the cloned cow \"will produce milk that is similar to humans\" in what will prove \"a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants\", it said in a statement. \n\n\"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk,\" the statement said. \n\nIn April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. \n\nBut the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. \n\nRosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. \n\nAdrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said \"Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection.\" \n\nCristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute \"makes all proud.\" She also revealed that she had rejected the \"honor\" of having the cow named after her. \"They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.\"", "question": "What technology was used to create Rosita Isa?", "context": "Genetic engineering was used to create Rosita Isa.", "based_on_pattern": "(Genetic Engineering)-[USED_TO_CREATE]->(Rosita Isa)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0544", "coqa_story": "Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. \"I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.\" So he took a \"gap year\", from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania. \n\n\"Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,\" said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. \"In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,\" she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the potential American market for gap years as a \"sleeping giant.\" \n\n\"A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.\" said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine \"assured the reasons I went into health care,\" said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. \"I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,\" he added. \"And I listen better than I did before.\" \n\nGeorge Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.", "question": "What is their title?", "context": "Dennis Sinar is a Doctor. Holly Bull is a President. American Market is a Sleeping Giant. George Garritan is a Chairman.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dennis Sinar)-[is a]->(Doctor) || (Holly Bull)-[is a]->(President) || (American Market)-[is a]->(Sleeping Giant) || (George Garritan)-[is a]->(Chairman)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0545", "coqa_story": "When I entered college in the early 1980s, I had my heart set on being a first-grade teacher. I did all of my observations in others' first-grade classroom. I interviewed for my first job in a first-grade classroom. At last the district offered me a job---as a fifth-grade teacher in an inner-city building, considered at the time to be one of our district's most difficult tasks. It wasn't the first-grade classroom after I had hoped for, but it was my classroom after I had made such great efforts! \n\nI managed to deal with everything in first year successfully, while working to form relationships with my students was no easy thing, especially with Alexader. He had learning disabilities in both math and reading. The other children were sometimes unfriendly to him. He was a difficult child to get to open up, but I was determined to make efforts. \n\nYou can imagine my delight when finally, in late spring, Alexander raised his hand during the math class discussion for the first time ever. Thrilled, I immediately called him. \n\nWell, you can imagine my surprise when he suddenly told a story about his grandma, who had a hole in her head. You see, we were studying fraction that day, and I had just explained that a fraction is \"a part of a whole\". Alexander obviously didn't realize the difference between \"whole\" and \"hole\". \"Homophones ''I told myself,\"had better be tomorrow's English lesson.\" \n\nAcknowledging Alexander that day was exactly what he needed from me. We had suddenly developed a special relationship. Alexander felt such a connection to me after that, that he even went one step further. \n\nI arrived at the school the following morning and was surprised to find Alexander and his grandma waiting for me. Grandma began by saying,\"Alexander said he told you that I had a hole in my head.\"I smiled nervously and said ,\"Don't worry. You know kids! They have great imaginations\"Grandma replied,\"You didn't believe him, did you?\"\"No, of course not,\"I said .Well, just at that time, Grandma proudly showed the hole in her head. \n\nI will never forget that day, and the lesson that I learned from being Alexander's teacher. \n\nIf a child ever again tells me about a family member with a hole in his or her head, I will believe him or her!", "question": "What subject is it a concept in?", "context": "Homophones is a concept in English. Fraction is a concept in Math.", "based_on_pattern": "(Homophones)-[is concept in]->(English) || (Fraction)-[is concept in]->(Math)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0546", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- \"Beware the fury of the patient man.\" -- John Dryden \n\nIn January, 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser was pledging to take over Palestine. In the United States, a \"sensational new RCA Victor Star,\" just days away from cracking the music charts with his first hit, \"Heartbreak Hotel,\" was touring with Hank Snow and the stars of Grand Old Opry. Norma Jeane Mortenson was preparing to change her name. \n\nAlso that month, a fresh-faced U.S. senator gave Richard Nixon an autographed copy of his second book, \"Profiles in Courage\". \n\nIn that best-seller, John F. Kennedy applauded leaders with the courage to represent \"the actual sentiments of the silent majority of their constituents in opposition to the screams of a vocal minority.\" That \"silent majority\" was a constituency neither Nixon nor the country would forget: Fifty-six years later, Mitt Romney is counting on it to win the presidency. \n\nNixon could have thanked Kennedy's hardcover for one of his many resurrections. His appeal to the \"silent majority\" turned around his political fortunes, driving his approval ratings from the mid-50s to more than 80%. \n\nOpinion: Both parties have a huge race problem \n\nHis pivotal speech contrasted a \"vocal minority\" of idealistic but impractical, young, anti-Vietnam protestors, cultural elites and intellectuals with their stodgy parents, older, blue-collar, working-class Americans. Until Nixon drew the silent majority from the shadows, their simmering outrage at the left's lack of respect for time-tested American values was undetected. \n\nPolitical historian Teddy White characterized the split between \"what the silent people think\" and what the country's \"more important thinkers think.\" He wrote, \"Never have America's leading cultural media, its university thinkers, its influence makers been more intrigued by experiment and change; but in no election have the mute masses more completely separated themselves from such leadership and thinking.\" ", "question": "What group of people is the Silent Majority composed of?", "context": "The Silent Majority is composed of Blue-Collar, Working-Class Americans.", "based_on_pattern": "(Silent Majority)-[COMPOSED_OF]->(Blue-Collar, Working-Class Americans)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0547", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- Sen. John Cornyn, welcome to the club. \n\nThe two-term Texas lawmaker is now the seventh Republican Senator up for re-election next year to face a primary challenge from his right. \n\nThat club also includes the top Republican in the chamber, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, Thad Cochran of Mississippi, Mike Enzi of Wyoming, Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, and Pat Roberts of Kansas. \n\nIf this seems like deja vu all over again, it is. \n\nSince the birth of the tea party movement in 2009, primary challenges from the right have made major headlines, and have hurt the GOP's efforts in the last two elections in their attempts win back control of the Senate from the Democrats. \n\n\"Republicans effectively gave away five Senate seats the last two cycles because of candidates who weren't capable of winning in November,\" said Brian Walsh, who served as communications director for the National Republican Senatorial Committee, which provides support, advice and funding to Republican candidates, during the 2010 and 2012 cycles. \n\nDems defending 21 seats \n\nWith Democrats holding a 55-45 majority in the Senate but defending 21 of the 35 Senate seats up for grabs in the 2014 midterms, the GOP has another opportunity to try and retake the chamber. \n\nBut Walsh said that he doesn't see a repeat of what occurred in recent years even though a majority of Republican Senators running for re-election are facing primary challenges. \n\n\"With the exception of perhaps Georgia, it's difficult to see that repeat itself even with the large number of primaries because many are not serious at this point. But Republicans have a tremendous opportunity to win back control of the Senate next year and it's a critical reminder to Republican primary voters that candidate quality matters,\" he told CNN. ", "question": "Which political party does the National Republican Senatorial Committee provide support for?", "context": "The National Republican Senatorial Committee supports the Republican Party.", "based_on_pattern": "(National Republican Senatorial Committee)-[SUPPORTS]->(Republican Party)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0548", "coqa_story": "Microbiology (from Greek , \"m\u00c4\u00abkros\", \"small\"; , \"bios\", \"life\"; and , \"-logia\") is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology. \n\nEukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound cell organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms\u00e2\u20ac\u201dall of which are microorganisms\u00e2\u20ac\u201dare conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include eubacteria and archaebacteria. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences. \n\nViruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search\u00e2\u20ac\u201ddiscovering \"infectious proteins\". \n\nThe existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome. The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch.", "question": "Who is considered the father of Microbiology?", "context": "Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek is considered the father of Microbiology.", "based_on_pattern": "(Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek)-[FATHER_OF]->(Microbiology)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0549", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "Who is her child?", "context": "Catherine is the mother of Cathy. Frances is the mother of Hareton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Catherine)-[is mother of]->(Cathy) || (Frances)-[is mother of]->(Hareton)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0550", "coqa_story": "For Lee Ann Laraway, polio has made almost everything in life just out of reach. But what her hands can't retrieve, her assistant can. Meet Jeannie, a three-year-old help, has become Lee Ann's arms and legs. \n\nJeannie understands no fewer than 72 commands. To get a feel for what that means, Lee Ann takes us on a shopping trip in San Jose. First stop: The bank, where she got cash from the teller. From the bank, it's on to the drug store, where Jeannie got a candy bar for Lee Ann. Then Jeannie helped pay the cashier, and got change hack. \n\n\"When you have a really good working animal, they come and interact with you all the time,\" Lee Ann said. While there's no argument that Jeannie is an ordinary animal, she wasn't born that way. She was tutored and trained here at a facility that has become the final legacy of one of the Bay Area's most beloved figures. \n\nCanine Companions for Independence sits on twelve acres of land in Santa Rosa donated by late Peanuts cartoonist Charles Shultz, Here, handlers work with specially selected labs for hours a day-- but not every dog will make the cut. \n\nThe work is serious Business. In the case of hearing dogs, the animals alert their disabled owners to everything from ringing telephones to doorbells. \n\nOther dogs will work with severely disabled patients like eight-year-old Noah Habib of Mountain View who communicates with a special computer. \"I like it when new people come up to ask me about my dog,\" he says. \"People are really interested in the dog and will come over and ask to pet her and ask to play with her, and ask about what she does, and these are people that normally might not approach us and want to talk to Noah,\" says his Dad. \n\nAnd back in San Jose Lee Ann is arriving home with Jeannie and her groceries. With just one chore left--opening her own door. \"You can train a dog to do a lot of things,\" said Lee Ann. \"You cannot give them the heart to do the job, and that is what a good working dog has.\"", "question": "What contribution did Charles Shultz make to the Canine Companions For Independence organization?", "context": "Charles Shultz donated land to Canine Companions For Independence.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Shultz)-[DONATED_LAND_TO]->(Canine Companions For Independence)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0551", "coqa_story": "Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. \n\nGenetic engineering was used to introduce the \"mothers' milk\" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. \n\nAs an adult, the cloned cow \"will produce milk that is similar to humans\" in what will prove \"a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants\", it said in a statement. \n\n\"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk,\" the statement said. \n\nIn April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. \n\nBut the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. \n\nRosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. \n\nAdrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said \"Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection.\" \n\nCristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute \"makes all proud.\" She also revealed that she had rejected the \"honor\" of having the cow named after her. \"They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.\"", "question": "What do they produce?", "context": "Rosita Isa produces Human-Like Milk. Gm Holstein Dairy Cows produce Human Breast Milk.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rosita Isa)-[produces]->(Human-Like Milk) || (Gm Holstein Dairy Cows)-[produces]->(Human Breast Milk)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0552", "coqa_story": "Women had a significant part to play during World War II,which was the time when women also made their own contributions.Some women's great efforts and their names have been recorded in history.Here's a look at some of the strong figures of women in World War II. \n\nTatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov of Russia on December 12,1919.In 1943,she was sent to the Central Women's Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April,she was further sent to the front.She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months!Unfortunately,she was captured by the enemies and was killed on the fifth of July in 1944.Today,the street where she grew up has been renamed in her memory. \n\nAnne Frank was a Germanborn Jewish girl who was wellknown for the publication of her diary that described all her experiences when the Germans occupied Holland in World War II.Anne was born on June 12,1929 and she,along with her family,went into hiding in July 1942.Two years later,her family was captured and seven months from her arrest,Anne Frank died of illness in early March 1945. \n\nMargaret Ringenberg was born on 17 June,1921,in Indiana of America.She began her career during World War II when she became a ferry pilot for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.After that she turned a flight instructor in 1945.She even wrote her own book named Girls Can't Be Pilots.She passed away on 28 July,2008,after flying for 40,000 hours in the air. \n\nHannah Szenes was born on 17th July,1921 and was trained to parachute by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II.This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary.Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured following her arrest at the Hungarian border.Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures,yet she did not lose heart.She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high!She also kept a record of events in her diary till 7th November,1944,when she was finally killed. \n\nThese names are just a few of the women who played a significant part in World War II.Their stories go a long way in showing the kind of lifestyles they led and their struggles and sacrifices.", "question": "What is the title of the book Margaret Ringenberg authored?", "context": "Margaret Ringenberg authored the book \"Girls Can'T Be Pilots\".", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Ringenberg)-[AUTHORED]->(Girls Can'T Be Pilots)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0553", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "What was Kevlar originally intended to be used for?", "context": "Kevlar was originally intended for car tires.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kevlar)-[INTENDED_FOR]->(Car Tires)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0554", "coqa_story": "WASHINGTON, March 14 (Xinhua) --U.S. President Barack Obama confirmed on Saturday at the White House that China can have confidence in the American economy. \n\n\"Not just the Chinese government, but every investor can have absolute confidence in the _ of investments in the United States,\" Obama said. \n\n\"There is a reason why even in the midst of this economic downfall you have seen actual increases in investment flows here in the U. S.,\"he said. \n\nObama also noted the U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry \"front and center\" at the upcoming Group of 20Summit in London ,ending an argument between the Europe and the United States over whether more focus should be placed on financial regulatory reform. \n\nChinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier Friady he is \"a little bit worried \"about the safety of Chineseassets in the United States ,urging the U. S. government to ensure the security of those assets. \n\nChina has invested its hugeforeign exchangereserves in low-risk but low-yield assets ,such as U. S.government bonds ,to play it safe . According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 681.9 billion U.S. dollars worth of U.S. government bonds as of November. \n\n\"China is indeed the largest creditor of the United States, which is the world' s biggest economy .We are extremely interested in developments in the U. S. economy.\"said Wen, adding that he is expecting the effect of the measures taken by the U.S.government to counter the global financial crisis. \n\nAsked to react to Wen' s concern, Lawrence Summers, director of the U.S. National Economic Council, noted on Friday that the U.S. will be soundsteward of the money it invests. \n\n\"This is a commitment that the president has made very clear--we need to be sound stewards of the money we invest.\"said Summers in a speech at the Brookings Institution, a leading think tank in the united states.", "question": "He spoke at the Brookings Institution, but where did he speak?", "context": "Barack Obama spoke at the White House. Lawrence Summers spoke at the Brookings Institution.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[spoke at]->(White House) || (Lawrence Summers)-[spoke at]->(Brookings Institution)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0555", "coqa_story": "Bomb attack onprefix = st1 /Bombaytrains kills 190 \n\nBOMBAY, India-Eight bombs exploded in first -class compartments of packed Bombay Trains Tuesday, killing 190 people and wounding hundreds in a well-designed terror attack on the heart of a city that embodies the ambition of the country. \n\nLiu Xiang record warmsChina's hearts \n\nLiu Xiang ofChinaset a new 110 metres hurdles world record on a stunning night in Lausanne, breaking the record he shared withBritain's Colin Jackson. Liu rushed to the finishing line in a time of 12.88 seconds, beating the old mark of 12.91 that he matched in winning gold at the 2004 A thens Olympics. Jackson ran 12.91 inStuttgart,Germany, in August 1993. \n\nMaterazzi admits insulting Zidane \n\nMarco Materazzi admits he insulted Zinedine Zidane before the France captain head-butted him in the World Cup final. Materazzi denies calling him a\"terrorist.\"Zidane and Materazzi _ after Italy broke up a French attack in extra-time of Sunday's final in Berlin Seconds later, Zidane lowered his head and rammed Materazzi in the chest, knocking him to the ground. \n\nPresident Hu departs for G8 summit \n\nBEIJING,July 16-Chinese President Hu Jintao left Beijing on Sunday morning for Russia's St. Petersburg to attend the summit of the Group of Eight major economies. Hu is invited by Russian President Vladimir Putin. On Monday. Hu will meet with G-8 leaders to discuss energy security, prevention and control of epidemic diseases, education, African development and other topics. Among Hu's entourages are State Councilor Tang Jiaxuan, Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing, Director of the Policy Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Wang Huning, Deputy Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee Ling Jihua, Director of thePresident's Office Chen Shiju and Assistant Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai. The G-8 members are Britain,Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,Russiaand theUnited States.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "The G8 Summit is located in St. Petersburg. Stuttgart is located in Germany. The World Cup Final is located in Berlin. The Bomb Attack is located in Bombay.", "based_on_pattern": "(G8 Summit)-[located in]->(St. Petersburg) || (Stuttgart)-[located in]->(Germany) || (World Cup Final)-[located in]->(Berlin) || (Bomb Attack)-[located in]->(Bombay)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0556", "coqa_story": "Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has died at the age of 82. Many people paid tribute to the former astronaut. But other people feel regret that no human has been back to the moon since 1972, just three years after Armstrong landed on it and gave his famous \"giant leap for mankind\" speech. \n\nElliot Pulham, Chief Executive of the Space Foundation, thinks that America's space agency NASA should get more money, like in the 1960s, during the moon landings programme, when astronauts went to the moon. \"In this age of limited goals and tiny NASA budgets, Armstrong is a reminder of what our nation was once capable of,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong died because of heart problems after surgery. His recovery seemed to be going well, and his death was a surprise to many people. His family described him as a \"reluctant American hero\" and said: \"Honour his example of service, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.\" \n\nSpeaking from the White House, Barack Obama said Armstrong was \"among the greatest of \n\nAmerican heroes - not just of his time, but of all time\". He added: \"And when Neil stepped on the \n\nmoon for the first time, it was a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten.\" \n\nBuzz Aldrin flew with Armstrong on Apollo 11. He was the second man to walk on the moon. He said he was very sad at the death of his good friend and companion. \n\n\"When I look at the moon I remember that special moment, over forty years ago, when Neil and I stood on the moon,\" he said. \"Looking back at our brilliant blue planet Earth hanging in the darkness of space, I realized that even though we were farther away from Earth than two humans \n\nhad ever been, we were not alone. Almost the entire world took that memorable journey with us. I know many millions of people around the world will join me in mourning the death of a true \n\nAmerican hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will always be remembered as a historic moment in human history.\" \n\nIn the US, people felt that he represented the achievement of a past age of American greatness. Today, things are very different: NASA has cancelled a number of missions because they don't have enough money. \n\nFormer astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last man on the moon, said: \"Neil did something that people thought was impossible.\" Others complained about the state of the US. Journalist Andrew Pasternak wrote: \"It will take longer to rebuild lower Manhattan after 9/11 than it took to build an entire space program and send a man to the moon.\" \n\nOf course, NASA has its modern successes. Its engineers have landed a nuclear-powered robot on Mars. There will also be another Mars mission. It will drill below the planet's surface. But these achievements are not as exciting as Armstrong's. NASA administrator Charles Bolden expressed that in his tribute. \"As we enter this next era of space exploration, we are standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong was disappointed by what NASA has become. Blogger Eric Berger saw an email from Armstrong and other former astronauts. It expressed frustration at the current problems at NASA and quoted Yogi Berra, an American baseball legend: \"If you don't know where you are \n\ngoing, you might not get there.\"", "question": "What was the cause of Neil Armstrong's death?", "context": "Neil Armstrong died from heart problems.", "based_on_pattern": "(Neil Armstrong)-[DIED_FROM]->(Heart Problems)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0557", "coqa_story": "The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better. \n\nEleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like \"guy\" and \"you know\" now appear in research papers. \n\nProfessor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet. \n\nDavid Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past. \n\nErin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression. \n\nAnd what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them? \n\nErin Jansen said, \"I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating.\" \n\nBut Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language.", "question": "What negative effect did Text Messaging have on Writing?", "context": "Text Messaging caused errors in Writing.", "based_on_pattern": "(Text Messaging)-[CAUSED_ERRORS_IN]->(Writing)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0558", "coqa_story": "WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The U.S. Senate was called to order for 11 seconds on Wednesday as the last political scuffle of the year between the White House and the Democratic-led Congress played out. \n\nDemocratic senators will hold short \"pro forma\" sessions over the holiday break to prevent recess appointments. \n\nNearly all the senators left the Capitol for the Christmas holiday last week, but Democrats are keeping the Senate in session to block President Bush from making any recess appointments -- a constitutional mechanism that allows the president, during congressional recesses, to fill top government posts for up to one year without Senate confirmation. \n\nSen. Jim Webb, D-Virginia, opened and then immediately gaveled the Senate session to a close. He spent 57 seconds in the chamber. \n\nSenate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, announced December 19 that he would keep the Senate open with a series of \"pro forma\" sessions through mid-January. \n\nTalks had just broken down with the White House on a deal that would have allowed the president to make dozens of those appointments if he agreed not to appoint one controversial official, Steven Bradbury, as the permanent head of the influential Office of Legal Counsel at the Justice Department. \n\nBush declined to accept the Democrats' offer, and Reid refused to approve Bradbury because of concerns about his involvement in crafting legal opinions for the administration on interrogation techniques of terrorism suspects. \n\nSimilar sessions were conducted over the Thanksgiving recess. \n\nWebb also did the duty Friday, but he won't be the only senator tasked with presiding over the shortened sessions. Other Democrats -- including Sens. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, Byron Dorgan of North Dakota, Jack Reed of Rhode Island, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana, Ben Cardin of Maryland and Chuck Schumer of New York -- will share the duty. E-mail to a friend ", "question": "Who does he represent?", "context": "Chuck Schumer represents New York. Mary Landrieu represents Louisiana. Byron Dorgan represents North Dakota. Jim Webb represents Virginia. Harry Reid represents Nevada. Jack Reed represents Rhode Island. Edward Kennedy represents Massachusetts. Ben Cardin represents Maryland.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chuck Schumer)-[represents]->(New York) || (Mary Landrieu)-[represents]->(Louisiana) || (Byron Dorgan)-[represents]->(North Dakota) || (Jim Webb)-[represents]->(Virginia) || (Harry Reid)-[represents]->(Nevada) || (Jack Reed)-[represents]->(Rhode Island) || (Edward Kennedy)-[represents]->(Massachusetts) || (Ben Cardin)-[represents]->(Maryland)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0559", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "What network is it on?", "context": "Merlin has network Bbc. Modern Family has network Abc. 2 Broke Girls has network Cbs. True Blood has network Hbo.", "based_on_pattern": "(Merlin)-[has network]->(Bbc) || (Modern Family)-[has network]->(Abc) || (2 Broke Girls)-[has network]->(Cbs) || (True Blood)-[has network]->(Hbo)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0560", "coqa_story": "Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels , including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, \"While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.\" \n\nThe effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. \"Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning,\" says Margaret. \n\nOlder people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants , exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. \n\nFor most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week.", "question": "What is her profession?", "context": "Margaret Barnes is a Pediatrician. Judy Cameron is a Scientist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Barnes)-[is a]->(Pediatrician) || (Judy Cameron)-[is a]->(Scientist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0561", "coqa_story": "Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox. \n\nThe first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called \"The First Hundred Years.\" Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read. \n\nHub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention. \n\nIn 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter. \n\nSoon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts.", "question": "On what television show was the Teleprompter first used?", "context": "The Teleprompter was first used on the television show The First Hundred Years.", "based_on_pattern": "(Teleprompter)-[FIRST_USED_ON]->(The First Hundred Years)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0562", "coqa_story": "London (CNN) -- It's a scene straight out of Cinderella: a princess in her royal wedding dress, riding in a horse-drawn carriage through majestic streets. \n\nThat's just what Kate Middleton may look like on her wedding day next month. Buckingham Palace announced Tuesday that a century-old gold-trimmed royal carriage will carry the new princess and her prince, William, from Westminster Abbey through central London to the palace. \n\nThe same carriage -- called the 1902 State Landau -- has carried previous royal brides on their wedding days. William's mother, Lady Diana Spencer, rode in it in 1981 after her marriage to Prince Charles, and Sarah Ferguson traveled in it five years later after she wed Prince Andrew. \n\nIt was specifically built for King Edward VII in 1902 to be used at his coronation, and it remains the most-used carriage in the Royal Mews, usually used these days by Queen Elizabeth II when she meets foreign heads of state. \n\nIt is an open-top carriage, so if it rains, the new royal couple will instead travel in the enclosed Glass Coach, another historic carriage, the palace announced. \n\nThe Glass Coach was built in 1881 and purchased for use at King George V's coronation in 1911. Princess Diana and Sarah Ferguson used it on their way to their weddings, along with three other brides: Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who married the future King George VI in 1923; Princess Alexandra in 1963; and Princess Anne in 1973. \n\nThe wedding procession will take in some of central London's most famous sights. After leaving the abbey, it will pass the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the prime minister's residence at Downing Street, the Horse Guards Parade and the Mall: the long avenue that stretches from Trafalgar Square past St. James's Park, straight to Buckingham Palace. ", "question": "For which monarch was the 1902 State Landau built?", "context": "The 1902 State Landau was built for King Edward VII.", "based_on_pattern": "(1902 State Landau)-[BUILT_FOR]->(King Edward Vii)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0563", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "What is his assignment?", "context": "Mark is assigned to Voyager 1. Jason is assigned to Voyager 2.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mark)-[is assigned]->(Voyager 1) || (Jason)-[is assigned]->(Voyager 2)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0564", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXX \n\nTHE LADY FROM BEYOND \n\nThe morning was sultry, brooding, steamy. Antonia was at her music, and from the room where Shelton tried to fix attention on a book he could hear her practising her scales with a cold fury that cast an added gloom upon his spirit. He did not see her until lunch, and then she again sat next the Connoisseur. Her cheeks were pale, but there was something feverish in her chatter to her neighbour; she still refused to look at Shelton. He felt very miserable. After lunch, when most of them had left the table, the rest fell to discussing country neighbours. \n\n\"Of course,\" said Mrs. Dennant, \"there are the Foliots; but nobody calls on them.\" \n\n\"Ah!\" said the Connoisseur, \"the Foliots--the Foliots--the people--er--who--quite so!\" \n\n\"It's really distressin'; she looks so sweet ridin' about. Many people with worse stories get called on,\" continued Mrs. Dennant, with that large frankness of intrusion upon doubtful subjects which may be made by certain people in a certain way, \"but, after all, one couldn't ask them to meet anybody.\" \n\n\"No,\" the Connoisseur assented. \"I used to know Foliot. Thousand pities. They say she was a very pretty woman.\" \n\n\"Oh, not pretty!\" said Mrs. Dennant! \"more interestin than pretty, I should say.\" \n\nShelton, who knew the lady slightly, noticed that they spoke of her as in the past. He did not look towards Antonia; for, though a little troubled at her presence while such a subject was discussed, he hated his conviction that her face, was as unruffled as though the Foliots had been a separate species. There was, in fact, a curiosity about her eyes, a faint impatience on her lips; she was rolling little crumbs of bread. Suddenly yawning, she muttered some remark, and rose. Shelton stopped her at the door. ", "question": "Who did he know?", "context": "Shelton knew The Lady From Beyond. The Connoisseur knew Foliot.", "based_on_pattern": "(Shelton)-[knew]->(The Lady From Beyond) || (The Connoisseur)-[knew]->(Foliot)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0565", "coqa_story": "Christopher Columbus ( ; 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa, under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World. \n\nAt a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving in Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named San Salvador. Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile. \n\nColumbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century, but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted several centuries. These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world. He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Catholic Monarchs Of Spain is located in Spain. San Salvador is located in Bahamas Archipelago.", "based_on_pattern": "(Catholic Monarchs Of Spain)-[located in]->(Spain) || (San Salvador)-[located in]->(Bahamas Archipelago)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0566", "coqa_story": "The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge\", is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. Originally organized as the \"United States National Museum\", that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967. \n\nTermed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's nineteen museums, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York City, Pittsburgh, Texas, Virginia, and Panama. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates. \n\nThe Institution's thirty million annual visitors are admitted without charge. Its annual budget is around $1.2 billion with 2/3 coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the Institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. Institution publications include \"Smithsonian\" and \"Air & Space\" magazines. \n\nThe British scientist James Smithson (1765\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1829) left most of his wealth to his nephew Henry James Hungerford. When Hungerford died childless in 1835, the estate passed \"to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among men\", in accordance with Smithson's will. Congress officially accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation, and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust on July 1, 1836. The American diplomat Richard Rush was dispatched to England by President Andrew Jackson to collect the bequest. Rush returned in August 1838 with 105 sacks containing 104,960 gold sovereigns (about $500,000 at the time, which is ).", "question": "How much does admission to the Smithsonian Institution cost?", "context": "Admission to the Smithsonian Institution is without charge.", "based_on_pattern": "(Smithsonian Institution)-[HAS_ADMISSION_FEE]->(Without Charge)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0567", "coqa_story": "\"Mobile phones killed our man,\"screamed one headline last year. Also came claims that an unpublished study had found that mobile phones cause memory loss. And a British newspaper devoted its front page to a picture supposedly showing how mobile phones heat the brain. \n\nFor anyone who uses a moblie phone, these are worring times. But speak to the scientists whose work is the focus of these scared and you will hear a different story. \n\nWhat we do have, however, are some results suggesting that mobile phones'emission have a variety of strange effects on living tissue that can't be explained by the general radiation biology. And it's only when the questions raised by these experients are answered that we'll be able to say for sure what moblie phones might be doing to the brain. \n\nOne of the odd effects comes from the now famous\"merrory loss\" study. Alan Preece and his colleagues at the prefix = st1 /UniversityofBristolplaced a device that imitated the microwave emission of mobile phones to the left ear of volunteers. The volunteers were all goood at recalling words and pictures they had been shown on a computer screen. Preece says he still can't comment on the effects of using a mobile phone for years on end. But he rules out the suggestion that mobile phones have an immediate effect on our cognitive abilities.\"I'm pretty sure there is no effect on short-term memory,\" he says. \n\nAnother expert, Tatterasll, remarked that his latest findings have removed fears about memory loss. One result, for instance, suggests that nerve cell synapses exposed to microwaves become more----rather than less-----receptive to under-going changes linked to the memory formation. \n\nIt would be an even happier outcome if microwave turned out to be good for you. It sounds crazy, but a couple of years ago a team led by William Adey at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in California, found that mice exposed to microwave for two hours a day were less likely to develop brain tumours when given a cancer-causing chemical. \n\nSo should we forget about mobile phone radiation causing brain tumours and scrambling our minds? \n\n\"If it doesn't certainly cause cancer in animals and cells, then it probably isn't going to cause cancer in humans,\"says William. And while there's still no evidence that mobile phone does mangle your memories or give your cancer, the _ is:Don't panic.", "question": "With which medical center is William Adey affiliated?", "context": "William Adey is affiliated with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Adey)-[AFFILIATED_WITH]->(Veterans Affairs Medical Center)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0568", "coqa_story": "Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has died at the age of 82. Many people paid tribute to the former astronaut. But other people feel regret that no human has been back to the moon since 1972, just three years after Armstrong landed on it and gave his famous \"giant leap for mankind\" speech. \n\nElliot Pulham, Chief Executive of the Space Foundation, thinks that America's space agency NASA should get more money, like in the 1960s, during the moon landings programme, when astronauts went to the moon. \"In this age of limited goals and tiny NASA budgets, Armstrong is a reminder of what our nation was once capable of,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong died because of heart problems after surgery. His recovery seemed to be going well, and his death was a surprise to many people. His family described him as a \"reluctant American hero\" and said: \"Honour his example of service, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.\" \n\nSpeaking from the White House, Barack Obama said Armstrong was \"among the greatest of \n\nAmerican heroes - not just of his time, but of all time\". He added: \"And when Neil stepped on the \n\nmoon for the first time, it was a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten.\" \n\nBuzz Aldrin flew with Armstrong on Apollo 11. He was the second man to walk on the moon. He said he was very sad at the death of his good friend and companion. \n\n\"When I look at the moon I remember that special moment, over forty years ago, when Neil and I stood on the moon,\" he said. \"Looking back at our brilliant blue planet Earth hanging in the darkness of space, I realized that even though we were farther away from Earth than two humans \n\nhad ever been, we were not alone. Almost the entire world took that memorable journey with us. I know many millions of people around the world will join me in mourning the death of a true \n\nAmerican hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will always be remembered as a historic moment in human history.\" \n\nIn the US, people felt that he represented the achievement of a past age of American greatness. Today, things are very different: NASA has cancelled a number of missions because they don't have enough money. \n\nFormer astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last man on the moon, said: \"Neil did something that people thought was impossible.\" Others complained about the state of the US. Journalist Andrew Pasternak wrote: \"It will take longer to rebuild lower Manhattan after 9/11 than it took to build an entire space program and send a man to the moon.\" \n\nOf course, NASA has its modern successes. Its engineers have landed a nuclear-powered robot on Mars. There will also be another Mars mission. It will drill below the planet's surface. But these achievements are not as exciting as Armstrong's. NASA administrator Charles Bolden expressed that in his tribute. \"As we enter this next era of space exploration, we are standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong was disappointed by what NASA has become. Blogger Eric Berger saw an email from Armstrong and other former astronauts. It expressed frustration at the current problems at NASA and quoted Yogi Berra, an American baseball legend: \"If you don't know where you are \n\ngoing, you might not get there.\"", "question": "What is his profession?", "context": "Eric Berger is a Blogger. Andrew Pasternak is a Journalist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eric Berger)-[is a]->(Blogger) || (Andrew Pasternak)-[is a]->(Journalist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0569", "coqa_story": "(CNN)\"A long, long, time ago...\" \n\nThose five words, when uttered or sung, makes baby boomers immediately think of Don McLean's pop masterpiece \"American Pie.\" It's hard to believe that his phenomenal 8\u00c2\u00bd minute allegory, which millions of Americans know by heart, is 44 years old. All sorts of historical cross-currents play off each other in this timeless song, brilliantly gilded with the unforgettable chorus, which starts as \"Bye, Bye, Miss American Pie.\" There is no real way to categorize McLean's \"American Pie\" for its hybrid of modern poetry and folk ballad, beer-hall chant and high-art rock. \n\nOn Tuesday, Christie's sold the 16-page handwritten manuscript of the song's lyrics for $1.2 million to an unnamed buyer. \n\nMcLean was a paperboy when, on February 3, 1959, he saw that Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson had been tragically killed in an airplane crash in Clear Lake, Iowa. \"The next day I went to school in shock and guess what?\" McLean recalled. \"Nobody cared. Rock 'n' roll in those days was sort of like hula hoops and Buddy hadn't had a big hit on the charts since '57.\" By cathartically writing \"American Pie,\" McLean has guaranteed that the memory of those great musicians lives forever. \n\nHaving recorded his first album, \"Tapestry,\" in 1969, in Berkeley, California, during the student riots, McLean, a native New Yorker, became a kind of weather vane for what he called the \"generation lost in space.\" When his cultural anthem \"American Pie\" was released in November 1971, it replaced Bob Dylan's \"The Times They Are A Changin\" as the Peoples Almanac of the new decade. It's important to think of \"American Pie\" as one would of Henry Longfellow's \"Evangeline\" or Johnny Mercer's \"Moon River\" -- an essential Americana poem emanating wistful recollection, blues valentine, and youthful protest rolled into one. There is magic brewing in the music and words of \"American Pie,\" for McLean's lyrics and melody frame a cosmic dream, like those Jack Kerouac tried to conjure in his poetry-infused novel \"On the Road.\" ", "question": "In what month and year was the song American Pie released?", "context": "The song American Pie was released in November 1971.", "based_on_pattern": "(American Pie)-[RELEASED_IN]->(November 1971)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0570", "coqa_story": "\"The Lord of the Rings\", one of the best sellers in the new millennium , was made up of three parts--\"The Fellow Ship of the Ring\", \"Two Towers\", and \"The Return of the King\". Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative masterwork. \n\nJohn Ronald Refuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo--Saxon. \n\nAfter graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon 1istening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work \"The Hobbit\". \n\nHobbit was a name Tolkien created for people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them,Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves . On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible. \n\nOne of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwind, to look at a draft . The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwind, thought that the best judge for a Children's book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and \"The Hobbit\" was published in 1937. \n\nIt sold so well that Unwind asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced \"The Lord of the Rings\", a series of books so creative that they hold readers both new and old -- after their publication.", "question": "In which major conflict did John Ronald Refuel Tolkien serve?", "context": "John Ronald Refuel Tolkien served in World War I.", "based_on_pattern": "(John Ronald Refuel Tolkien)-[SERVED_IN]->(World War I)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0571", "coqa_story": "Istanbul (CNN) -- A Turkish prosecutor has openly accused police of interfering with a high-level corruption investigation. \n\n\"Court orders have not been carried out and there has been open pressure on the judicial process from both the chief prosecutor's office and from the police force, which is supposed to carry out the decisions of the courts,\" Muammer Akkas said in a Thursday statement. \n\nHe spoke one day after three Cabinet ministers resigned their posts, after their sons were arrested or temporarily detained in an anti-graft sting, semiofficial news agency Anadolu reported. \n\nOne of them, Urbanization and Environment Minister Erdogan Bayraktar, went further than the other two, not just resigning his Cabinet position but also calling on Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan to step down. \n\nTurkish media reported a possible second wave of detentions as imminent late Wednesday, but the raids did not materialize. \n\nInstead, an apparent deadlock within the judiciary emerged as Akkas, the prosecutor, issued his statement saying the judiciary was under the heel of the government. \n\nAkkas accused police and prosecutors of ignoring a decision of the courts by refusing to carry out more raids. \n\nIn a televised statement, Chief Istanbul Prosecutor Turan Colakkadi fired back, saying that Akkas had mishandled the investigation and leaked information to the press, leading to his removal from the case. \n\nEconomy Minister Zafer Caglayan and Interior Minister Muammer Guler, whose sons were also arrested in the investigation, also resigned Wednesday. Erdogan accepted the resignations, Anadolu reported. \n\nThe sons were detained in a roundup that included the head of a public bank, several bureaucrats and high-profile businessmen. The roundup came after a two-year investigation by the Istanbul Prosecutor's Office into allegations of corruption including money laundering, gold smuggling and bribery. ", "question": "What role does he have?", "context": "Turan Colakkadi has the role of Chief Istanbul Prosecutor. Zafer Caglayan has the role of Economy Minister. Recep Tayyip Erdogan has the role of Prime Minister. Erdogan Bayraktar has the role of Urbanization And Environment Minister. Muammer Guler has the role of Interior Minister.", "based_on_pattern": "(Turan Colakkadi)-[has role]->(Chief Istanbul Prosecutor) || (Zafer Caglayan)-[has role]->(Economy Minister) || (Recep Tayyip Erdogan)-[has role]->(Prime Minister) || (Erdogan Bayraktar)-[has role]->(Urbanization And Environment Minister) || (Muammer Guler)-[has role]->(Interior Minister)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0572", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- President James K. Polk holds a distinction among those who have sought the nation's top job: He's the only major candidate to win the White House despite losing the vote in the state where he was born and the state where he lived. \n\nIt happened in 1844, and now 168 years later, Republican nominee Mitt Romney may need to duplicate Polk's feat if he wants to defeat President Barack Obama in Tuesday's election. \n\nAccording to polls, Romney faces the prospect of losing both the state of his birth, Michigan, and the state where he lives and served as governor, Massachusetts. \n\nCNN Polling Center \n\nObama holds a double digit lead in Massachusetts, but the race is closer in Michigan, with the polls tightening, though the president remains in front. \n\nUnder the Electoral College system, each state is worth a certain number of electoral votes based on population. There are a total of 538 electoral votes available, meaning 270 are required to win. \n\nRomney has many plausible paths to victory on Tuesday without winning Michigan or Massachusetts. \n\nYet the prospect that he might lose either or both raises the question of how many other presidential candidates in U.S. history also were unable to win their birth or home states? \n\nWinners who overcame the loss of a state with strong personal ties included Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon and both George H.W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush. \n\nNew national poll shows Obama, Romney virtually tied \n\nHonest Abe won his home state of Illinois, but lost his birth state of Kentucky in both of his presidential runs in 1860 and 1864. In 1968, Nixon won his birth state of California, where he also ran unsuccessfully as governor, but lost his home state of New York, where he had been working as a lawyer for a few years. ", "question": "What profession did Richard Nixon have before his presidency?", "context": "Richard Nixon worked as a Lawyer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Nixon)-[WORKED_AS]->(Lawyer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0573", "coqa_story": "British actor and comedian Rik Mayall died at 56 in London . As one of the leading lights of Britain's comedy scene in the 1980s , he is best known for starring roles in hit TV series Blackadder , The Young Ones , The New Statesman and Bottom . \n\nHis agent, Kate Benson told CNN Mayall died suddenly ; she did not know the cause of his death. \n\nMayall first found widespread fame in student sitcom \"The Young Ones,\" which ran for two years on the BBC, and was later shown on MTV in the United States. The series focused on the lives of four roommates at \"Scumbag College.\" \n\nWriter and comedian Ben Elton told the Press Association Mayall had \" changed his life \" by asking him to work on The Young Ones . \" He always made me cry with laughter , now he's just made me cry . \" \n\nIn the 1990s, Mayall played a role in Bottom , a series about two unemployed flat mates who spend most of their time attacking each other violently with anything that comes to hand . Mayall also branched out into movies , taking the lead role in 1991's Drop Dead Fred , in which he played the imaginary friend of Phoebe Cates , returning years later to cause trouble in the now grown-up Cates' life . \n\nMayall survived a bike accident in 1998; he was unconscious for five days after the crash, on his farm in Devon, southwest England, and developed epilepsy as a result of the severe head injury he suffered in the accident . In an interview several years later, he joked that he \"beat Jesus\" by coming back from the hell . He said the accident left him more aware of being alive. \n\nHouse star Hugh Laurie, who worked with Mayall on Blackadder, took to Twitter to recount a story about his co-star: \"A young girl, stricken with terminal cancer, once asked Rik Mayall for an autograph. He wrote: 'Young Ones are never afraid.'\"", "question": "What did he work on?", "context": "Hugh Laurie worked on Blackadder. Ben Elton worked on The Young Ones.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hugh Laurie)-[worked on]->(Blackadder) || (Ben Elton)-[worked on]->(The Young Ones)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0574", "coqa_story": "Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday. Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was \"supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games\", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress. Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through _ . \"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points,\" he said, \"and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping.\" Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. \"Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles,\" he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London. Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. \"Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution,\" he said. \"The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars.\" Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games. \"We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,\" said Wetzel.", "question": "What position does Liu Xiaoming hold at the Beijing Traffic Committee?", "context": "Liu Xiaoming is the Deputy Director of the Beijing Traffic Committee.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liu Xiaoming)-[DEPUTY_DIRECTOR_OF]->(Beijing Traffic Committee)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0575", "coqa_story": "Every culture has a recognized point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests passed. \n\nIn China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, where everyone drives, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world. \n\n\"Nobody wants to ride the cheese bus to school,\" said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She brought the pressure back to memory, especially from kids from wealthier families. \"It's like you're not cool if you don't have a car,\" she said. \n\nAccording to recent research, 41% of 16 to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay. \n\nNot all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don't want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car. \n\nBut police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive. \n\nJulie Sussman, of Virginia, decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner's permit. \n\nChad said he has accepted his parents' decision, although it has caused some teasing from his friends. \"They say that I am unlucky,\" he said, \"But I'd rather be alive than driving, and I don't really trust my friends on the road, either.\" \n\nIn China, as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive. Will this become a big step to becoming an adult?", "question": "What is their age?", "context": "Eleanor Fulham has age 17. Chad has age 15.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eleanor Fulham)-[has age]->(17) || (Chad)-[has age]->(15)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0576", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XX. \n\nTHE FIRST EASTERN WAR. \n\n215-183. \n\nScipio remained in Africa till he had arranged matters and won such a claim to Massinissa's gratitude that this king of Numidia was sure to watch over the interests of Rome. Scipio then returned home, and entered Rome with a grand triumph, all the nobler for himself that he did not lead Hannibal in his chains. He had been too generous to demand that so brave an enemy should be delivered up to him. He received the surname of Africanus, and was one of the most respected and beloved of Romans. He was the first who began to take up Greek learning and culture, and to exchange the old Roman ruggedness for the graces of philosophy and poetry. Indeed the Romans were beginning to have much to do with the Greeks, and the war they entered upon now was the first for the sake of spreading their own power. All the former ones had been in self-defence, and the new one did in fact spring out of the Punic war, for the Carthaginians had tried to persuade Philip, king of Macedon, to follow in the track of Pyrrhus, and come and help Hannibal in Southern Italy. The Romans had kept him off by stirring up the robber \u00c3\u2020tolians against him; and when he began to punish these wild neighbors, the Romans leagued themselves with the old Greek cities which Macedon oppressed, and a great war took place. \n\nTitus Quinctius Flaminius commanded in Greece for four years, first as consul and then as proconsul. His crowning victory was at Cynocephal\u00c3\u00a6, or the Dogshead Rocks, where he so broke the strength of Macedon that at the Isthmian games he proclaimed the deliverance of Greece, and in their joy the people crowded round him with crowns and garlands, and shouted so loud that birds in the air were said to have dropped down at the sound. ", "question": "Who were they allied with?", "context": "The Romans were allied with the Greek Cities. Massinissa was allied with Rome. Philip was allied with Hannibal.", "based_on_pattern": "(Romans)-[allied with]->(Greek Cities) || (Massinissa)-[allied with]->(Rome) || (Philip)-[allied with]->(Hannibal)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0577", "coqa_story": "The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled as William the Conqueror. \n\nWilliam's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to confront him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement. \n\nAlthough William's main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strongpoints throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and village life: the main change appears to have been the formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to the invasion. There was little alteration in the structure of government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the forms of Anglo-Saxon government.", "question": "What language was introduced as a consequence of the Norman Conquest of England?", "context": "The Norman Language was introduced as a consequence of the Norman Conquest of England.", "based_on_pattern": "(Norman Conquest Of England)-[INTRODUCED]->(Norman Language)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0578", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "Which specific mission is Mark assigned to?", "context": "Mark is assigned to Voyager 1.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mark)-[IS_ASSIGNED]->(Voyager 1)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0579", "coqa_story": "An organic compound is virtually any chemical compound that contains carbon, although a consensus definition remains elusive and likely arbitrary. Organic compounds are rare terrestrially, but of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. The most basic petrochemicals are considered the building blocks of organic chemistry. \n\nFor historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds, such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon (for example, CO and CO), and cyanides are considered inorganic. The distinction between \"organic and inorganic\" carbon compounds, while \"useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry... is somewhat arbitrary\". \n\nOrganic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation. \n\nFor many centuries, Western physicians and chemists believed in vitalism. This was the widespread conception that substances found in organic nature are created from the chemical elements by the action of a \"vital force\" or \"life-force\" (\"vis vitalis\") that only living organisms possess. Vitalism taught that these \"organic\" compounds were fundamentally different from the \"inorganic\" compounds that could be obtained from the elements by chemical manipulations. \n\nVitalism survived for a while even after the rise of modern ideas about the atomic theory and chemical elements. It first came under question in 1824, when Friedrich W\u00c3\u00b6hler synthesized oxalic acid, a compound known to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen. A more decisive experiment was W\u00c3\u00b6hler's 1828 synthesis of urea from the inorganic salts potassium cyanate and ammonium sulfate. Urea had long been considered an \"organic\" compound, as it was known to occur only in the urine of living organisms. W\u00c3\u00b6hler's experiments were followed by many others, in which increasingly complex \"organic\" substances were produced from \"inorganic\" ones without the involvement of any living organism.", "question": "According to organic chemistry, what element must an Organic Compound contain?", "context": "An Organic Compound must contain Carbon.", "based_on_pattern": "(Organic Compound)-[CONTAINS]->(Carbon)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0580", "coqa_story": "Will you want me to read a whole book in English? \n\nYes. Believe it or not, that may be easier than you think. Not all classics are so difficult or complicated. So you're not limited to the simplified versions. And the easier books are not all for children. \n\nIn the original versions ,books may send you to the dictionary. And you might not understand everything you read. But reading one from cover to cover will give you a real sense of accomplishment. \n\nThe key is to find the right books. Let's take a look at these. \n\nThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis) \n\nStepping into an old wardrobe, four English schoolchildren find themselves in the magical world of Narnia. On this delightful land, they find friends among the many talking creatures. \n\nThe children soon discover, however, that Narnia is ruled by the White Witch. Edmund, one of the children, falls under her power. Who can free Narnia? Only Aslan, the great and noble lion. He alone knows the Deeper Magic. But the children themselves must help fight the battle against the White Witch and those who serve her. \n\nThe Old Man and the Sea (Ernest Hemingway) \n\nSantiago, an old Cuban fisherman, hasn't caught any fish in more than 80 days. Sailing far out from land, the old man hooks an enormous fish. That begins an agonizing three-day battle. First he struggles against the great fish. Then he must fight off the sharks that circle the little boat and threaten to eat his fish. Exhausted and bleeding, the old man arrives back at shore. But his fish, his beautiful fish . . . \n\nHemingway won the Nobel Prize for this superb story of strength and courage, of victory and regret. \n\nA Wrinkle in Time (Madeleine Lingle) \n\nMeg's father, a U.S. government scientist, has been missing for many months. He had been experimenting with time travel when he mysteriously disappeared. \n\nNow Meg, her little brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin will try to rescue him. But first they must _ the forces of evil they encounter on their journey through time and space. Can they find Meg's father before it's too late? \n\nThis novel is more than just a science-fiction adventure. It's an exploration of the nature of our universe. \n\nThe Pearl (John Steinbeck) \n\nOne day Kino, a poor Mexican pearl diver, finds a magnificent pearl. With it he dreams of buying a better life, new clothes and schooling for his son. Instead, it brings only evil. His wife pleads with him to get rid of it. \"No,\" says Kino. \"I will have my chance. I am a man.\" But when he kills a man who is trying to steal the pearl, Kino and his wife must run for their lives. \n\nThis tale of dreams, justice and the power of greed is told simply and beautifully.", "question": "What is his profession?", "context": "Santiago is a Fisherman. Meg'S Father is a U.S. Government Scientist. Kino is a Pearl Diver.", "based_on_pattern": "(Santiago)-[is a]->(Fisherman) || (Meg'S Father)-[is a]->(U.S. Government Scientist) || (Kino)-[is a]->(Pearl Diver)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0581", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "What is it?", "context": "Father is a Scientist. Space Transporter is an Experimental Model.", "based_on_pattern": "(Father)-[is a]->(Scientist) || (Space Transporter)-[is a]->(Experimental Model)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0582", "coqa_story": "James lives in Hawaii and his mother lives in Korea. James speaks English (he never learned Korean), and his mom only speaks Korean. They communicate perfectly. \n\nEric is from Honduras, but he lives in the U.S. Eric just started learning English and speaks very little. But, everyday Eric reads the latest local US news on the Web, with no problem. \n\nWhat these people (and close to 60 million others around the world) share is a remarkable, free software program called Babylon. \n\nBabylon may well be the most advanced translation software in the world, and it's a must-have for anyone whose life goes beyond the borders of their own language or those who want it to. \n\nOnce you download it, you can simply highlight the part in practically any format, and it's instantly translated into the language of your choice. You can use it to translate a website, email, word doc, pdf, and actually any document in any format you can think of. \n\nYou can write a document in your native language, and Babylon will instantly translate it into another before you send it. \n\nThe program translates 75 languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Indian, and Russian. It also includes up-to-date encyclopedias , dictionaries, and spell checkers. \n\nBabylon is a long way from early translation software that would, more often than not, make an unreadable text with grammar errors that was better suited for making laughs than comprehension. Babylon's ability to understand and translate is perfect. In fact, businesses are adopting Babylon as the standard when it comes to translating commercial communications and other important documents. \n\nBabylon is also a great tool for people who are learning another language. Use it anytime you come across a word or passage you don't understand. \n\nWhat users enjoy most is the program's ability to open up a different world to them. Whether it's surfing a news site in a different country, or being able to properly communicate with a family member or friend overseas, Babylon can make it happen. \n\nBest of all, Babylon is free! To get your free copy, visit Babylon.com.", "question": "While Eric is originally from Honduras, where does he currently live?", "context": "Eric currently lives in the U.S.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eric)-[LIVES_IN]->(U.S.)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0583", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER 34 \n\nMrs. John Dashwood had so much confidence in her husband's judgment, that she waited the very next day both on Mrs. Jennings and her daughter; and her confidence was rewarded by finding even the former, even the woman with whom her sisters were staying, by no means unworthy her notice; and as for Lady Middleton, she found her one of the most charming women in the world! \n\nLady Middleton was equally pleased with Mrs. Dashwood. There was a kind of cold hearted selfishness on both sides, which mutually attracted them; and they sympathised with each other in an insipid propriety of demeanor, and a general want of understanding. \n\nThe same manners, however, which recommended Mrs. John Dashwood to the good opinion of Lady Middleton did not suit the fancy of Mrs. Jennings, and to HER she appeared nothing more than a little proud-looking woman of uncordial address, who met her husband's sisters without any affection, and almost without having anything to say to them; for of the quarter of an hour bestowed on Berkeley Street, she sat at least seven minutes and a half in silence. \n\nElinor wanted very much to know, though she did not chuse to ask, whether Edward was then in town; but nothing would have induced Fanny voluntarily to mention his name before her, till able to tell her that his marriage with Miss Morton was resolved on, or till her husband's expectations on Colonel Brandon were answered; because she believed them still so very much attached to each other, that they could not be too sedulously divided in word and deed on every occasion. The intelligence however, which SHE would not give, soon flowed from another quarter. Lucy came very shortly to claim Elinor's compassion on being unable to see Edward, though he had arrived in town with Mr. and Mrs. Dashwood. He dared not come to Bartlett's Buildings for fear of detection, and though their mutual impatience to meet, was not to be told, they could do nothing at present but write. ", "question": "Who is she characterized by?", "context": "Mrs. John Dashwood has characteristic Lady Middleton. Lady Middleton has characteristic Mrs. John Dashwood.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. John Dashwood)-[has characteristic]->(Lady Middleton) || (Lady Middleton)-[has characteristic]->(Mrs. John Dashwood)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0584", "coqa_story": "Matt Haimovitz is 42 and a renowned cellist in the world. He rushed into the classical music scene at the age of 12 after Itzhak Perlman, the famed violinist, heard him play. But nothing in his family history explains where Haimovitz got his extraordinary talent. And that's typical, Ellen Winner, a professor says. \"People are fascinated by these children because they don't understand where their talent came from. You will see parents who say, 'I wasn't like this, and my husband wasn't like this.' It seems to sometimes just come out of the blue,\" Winner says. It's not clear whether a prodigy's brain is any different from the brains of other children, in part because there have been no study comparing the brains of prodigies to those of average people. \"But I believe that anything that shows up so early, without training, has got to be either a genetic or some other biological basis,\" Winner says. \"If a child suddenly at the age of 3 goes to the piano and picks out a tune and does it beautifully, that has to be because that child has a different brain.\" Children who are extremely gifted tend to be socially different, too, Winner says. \"They feel like they can't find other kids like themselves, so they feel strange, maybe even like a freak, and feel like they don't have anybody to connect with. On the other hand, they also long to connect with other kids, and they can't find other kids like themselves.\" As Haimovitz got older, he became frustrated. He wanted to play other kinds of music but felt constricted by the image and the expectations of the boy prodigy who played classical music and filled concert halls. \"When you start that early, you suddenly start to grow up in public, and I wanted to experiment,\" Haimovitz says. So he took his cello into punk rock clubs and coffee houses. He played Bach, Haydn and Hendrix. \"My teacher was Leonard Rose, and we never played any 20th-century music. He didn't like it. But once I was exposed to James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix, Miles Dewey Davis El and others, I couldn't really turn back. I wanted to know more,\" he says.", "question": "Who was one of Matt Haimovitz's teachers?", "context": "Leonard Rose was a teacher of Matt Haimovitz.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leonard Rose)-[WAS_TEACHER_OF]->(Matt Haimovitz)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0585", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nMr. Barbecue-Smith was gone. The motor had whirled him away to the station; a faint smell of burning oil commemorated his recent departure. A considerable detachment had come into the courtyard to speed him on his way; and now they were walking back, round the side of the house, towards the terrace and the garden. They walked in silence; nobody had yet ventured to comment on the departed guest. \n\n\"Well?\" said Anne at last, turning with raised inquiring eyebrows to Denis. \n\n\"Well?\" It was time for someone to begin. \n\nDenis declined the invitation; he passed it on to Mr Scogan. \"Well?\" he said. \n\nMr. Scogan did not respond; he only repeated the question, \"Well?\" \n\nIt was left for Henry Wimbush to make a pronouncement. \"A very agreeable adjunct to the week-end,\" he said. His tone was obituary. \n\nThey had descended, without paying much attention where they were going, the steep yew-walk that went down, under the flank of the terrace, to the pool. The house towered above them, immensely tall, with the whole height of the built-up terrace added to its own seventy feet of brick facade. The perpendicular lines of the three towers soared up, uninterrupted, enhancing the impression of height until it became overwhelming. They paused at the edge of the pool to look back. \n\n\"The man who built this house knew his business,\" said Denis. \"He was an architect.\" \n\n\"Was he?\" said Henry Wimbush reflectively. \"I doubt it. The builder of this house was Sir Ferdinando Lapith, who flourished during the reign of Elizabeth. He inherited the estate from his father, to whom it had been granted at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries; for Crome was originally a cloister of monks and this swimming-pool their fish-pond. Sir Ferdinando was not content merely to adapt the old monastic buildings to his own purposes; but using them as a stone quarry for his barns and byres and outhouses, he built for himself a grand new house of brick--the house you see now.\" ", "question": "Who did they speak to?", "context": "Anne spoke to Denis. Denis spoke to Mr Scogan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne)-[spoke to]->(Denis) || (Denis)-[spoke to]->(Mr Scogan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0586", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Net speak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Net speak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Net speak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurnberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messages, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Net speakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Net speak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\".", "question": "According to James Milroy's argument, what is incapable of being corrupted?", "context": "James Milroy argues that language cannot be corrupted.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Milroy)-[ARGUES_CANNOT_BE_CORRUPTED]->(Language)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0587", "coqa_story": "The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front. \n\nPlanning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal, but postponing would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days in each month were deemed suitable. Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion. \n\nThe amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe landing of 24,000 American, British, and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight. Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06:30. The target stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions, particularly at Utah and Omaha. The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches, and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Casualties were heaviest at Omaha, with its high cliffs. At Gold, Juno, and Sword, several fortified towns were cleared in house-to-house fighting, and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled, using specialised tanks.", "question": "Who did Adolf Hitler place in command of the Atlantic Wall fortifications?", "context": "Adolf Hitler placed Erwin Rommel in command.", "based_on_pattern": "(Adolf Hitler)-[PLACED_IN_COMMAND]->(Erwin Rommel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0588", "coqa_story": "Characters in novels don't always do what the writer wants them to do. Sometimes they cause trouble, take on lives of their own, or even work against the writer. It's not just a problem for inexperienced authors: famed children's novelist Roald Dahl said he got the main character in his bookMatildaso \"wrong\"that when he'd finished his first version, he threw it away and started again. Of course it's not the characters' fault. The problem lies with the author. Take Stephen King, who admitted that writing working-class characters is more difficult nowadays because his own circumstances have changed. \"It is definitely harder,\"King said.\"When I wroteCarriemany years ago, I was one step away from physical labour.\" This is also true for characters' ages, added King.\"When you have small children, it is easy to write young characters because you observe them and you have them in your life all the time. But your kids grow up, it's been harder for me to write about this little 12-year-old girl in my new book because my models are gone.\" For other authors, such as Karen Fowler, there's one quality that can stop a character in its tracks: boredom.\"I had particular problems with the main character in my historical novelSister Noon,\"she says.\"She had attitudes about race and religion that seemed appropriate to me for her time and class, but they were not attitudes I liked. Eventually I grew quite bored with her. You can write a book about a character you dislike or a character you disagree with, but I don't think you can write a book about a character who bores you.\" According to Neel Mukherjee, it was Adinath, a character inThe Lives of Others, who made him work the hardest.\"I think I struggled because it's difficult to write a character whose most prominent personal feature is weakness, as Adinath's is, without making that feature define him,\"Mukherjee says. But a troublesome character is far from an unwelcome guest, he continues, arguing that \"when characters work against the author they come alive and become unpredictable\". \"That is a fantastic thing to happen,\"Mukherjee says.\"I celebrate it. It is one of the great, lucky gifts given to a writer.\"", "question": "They are the author of which book?", "context": "Stephen King is the author of Carrie. Karen Fowler is the author of Sister Noon. Roald Dahl is the author of Matilda. Neel Mukherjee is the author of The Lives Of Others.", "based_on_pattern": "(Stephen King)-[author of]->(Carrie) || (Karen Fowler)-[author of]->(Sister Noon) || (Roald Dahl)-[author of]->(Matilda) || (Neel Mukherjee)-[author of]->(The Lives Of Others)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0589", "coqa_story": "All antidepressant drugs are not created equal, according to the authors of one of the few studies that have ever systematically analyzed and compared \"new generation\" medicines for treating depression. \n\nWhat qualities are important in an anti-depressant? Efficacy? Tolerance? Side effects? Cost? \n\nIn the analysis of 12 drugs, two came out on top as the most effective and best tolerated as first-line treatments: sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) rounded out the top four for effectiveness, but venlafaxine was also among the four drugs patients were most likely to quit taking because of side effects. Reboxetine (Edronax) was less effective than the rest. \n\nWhile psychiatrists treating depressed patients every day have had a sense of which medications are best, the current study \"nails it,\" says Sagar V. Parikh, M.D., of the University of Toronto. Parikh, who wrote a comment accompanying the study that is published in the current issue of The Lancet, says the findings have \"enormous implications\" because, for the first time, they offer doctors an evidence-based, unbiased way to recommend treatment. And, he adds, they give patients a \"gold standard of reliable information,\" especially since the study's authors plan to make their findings available free on the Web. \n\nNot so fast, says Gerald Gartlehner, M.D., M.P.H., who coauthored a review of the benefits and risks of the same 12 drugs published last November in the Annals of Internal Medicine. He and his colleagues concluded, based on their review done while Gartlehner was at the RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina., that there was no clinically meaningful evidence that any one of the drugs was better than the rest. Instead, they argued, decisions on which drug to use should be based on factors such as cost and side effects. ", "question": "What is it the brand name of?", "context": "Zoloft is the brand name of Sertraline. Effexor is the brand name of Venlafaxine. Remeron is the brand name of Mirtazapine. Lexapro is the brand name of Escitalopram. Edronax is the brand name of Reboxetine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Zoloft)-[is brand name of]->(Sertraline) || (Effexor)-[is brand name of]->(Venlafaxine) || (Remeron)-[is brand name of]->(Mirtazapine) || (Lexapro)-[is brand name of]->(Escitalopram) || (Edronax)-[is brand name of]->(Reboxetine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0590", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER LXXIX \n\nThe Wharton Wedding \n\nIt was at last settled that the Wharton marriage should take place during the second week in June. There were various reasons for the postponement. In the first place Mary Wharton, after a few preliminary inquiries, found herself forced to declare that Messrs. Muddocks and Cramble could not send her forth equipped as she ought to be equipped for such a husband in so short a time. \"Perhaps they do it quicker in London,\" she said to Everett with a soft regret, remembering the metropolitan glories of her sister's wedding. And then Arthur Fletcher could be present during the Whitsuntide holidays; and the presence of Arthur Fletcher was essential. And it was not only his presence at the altar that was needed;--Parliament was not so exacting but that he might have given that;--but it was considered by the united families to be highly desirable that he should on this occasion remain some days in the country. Emily had promised to attend the wedding, and would of course be at Wharton for at least a week. As soon as Everett had succeeded in wresting a promise from his sister, the tidings were conveyed to Fletcher. It was a great step gained. When in London she was her own mistress; but surrounded as she would be down in Herefordshire by Fletchers and Whartons, she must be stubborn indeed if she should still refuse to be taken back into the flock, and be made once more happy by marrying the man whom she confessed that she loved with her whole heart. The letter to Arthur Fletcher containing the news was from his brother John, and was written in a very business-like fashion. \"We have put off Mary's marriage a few days, so that you and she should be down here together. If you mean to go on with it, now is your time.\" Arthur, in answer to this, merely said he would spend the Whitsuntide holidays at Longbarns. ", "question": "Who equipped Mary Wharton?", "context": "Mary Wharton was equipped by Messrs. Muddocks And Cramble.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mary Wharton)-[EQUIPPED_BY]->(Messrs. Muddocks And Cramble)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0591", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "For what achievement was Rita Levi-Montalcini awarded the Nobel Prize?", "context": "Rita Levi-Montalcini was awarded the Nobel Prize For Medicine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rita Levi-Montalcini)-[AWARDED]->(Nobel Prize For Medicine)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0592", "coqa_story": "I was doing a weekend seminar at the Deerhurst Lodge, north of Toronto. On Friday night a tornado swept through a town north of us called Barrie, killing dozens of people and doing millions of dollars worth of damage. Sunday night, as I was coming home, I stopped the car when I got to Barrie. I got out on the side of the highway and looked around. It was a mess. Everywhere I looked there were smashed houses and cars turned upside down. \n\nThat same night Bob Templeton was driving down the same highway. He stopped to look at the disaster just as I had; only his thoughts were different than my own. Bob was the vice-president of Telemedia Communications, which owns a string of radio stations in Ontario and Quebec. He thought there must be something we could do for these people with the radio stations they had. \n\nThe following night I was doing another seminar in Toronto. Bob Templeton and Bob Johnson, another vice-president from Telemedia, came in and stood in the back of the room. They shared their conviction that there had to be something they could do for the people in Barrie. \n\nAfter the seminar we went back to Bob's office. He was now committed to the idea of helping the people who had been caught in the tornado. \n\nThe following Friday he called all the executives at Telemedia into his office. At the top of a flip chart he wrote three 3s. He said to his executives, \"How would you like to raise 3 million dollars 3 days from now in just 3 hours and give the money to the people in Barrie?\" There was nothing but silence in the room. \n\nFinally someone said, \"Templeton, you're crazy. There is no way we could do that.\" \n\nBob said, \"Wait a minute. I didn't ask you if we could or even if we should. I just asked you if you'd like to.\" \n\nThey all said, \"Sure we'd like to.\" He then drew a large 'T' underneath the 333. On one side he wrote, \"Why we can't.\" On the other side he wrote, \"How we can.\" \n\n\"I'm going to put a big X on the 'Why we can't' side. We're not going to spend any time on the ideas of why we can't. That's of no value. On the other side we're going to write down every idea that we can come up with on how we can. We're not going to leave the room until we figure it out.\" There was silence again. \n\nFinally, someone said, \"We could do a radio show across Canada.\" \n\nBob said, \"That's a great idea,\" and wrote it down. Before he had it written, someone said, \"You can't do a radio show across Canada. We don't have radio stations across Canada.\" That was a pretty valid objection. They only had stations in Ontario and Quebec. \n\nTempleton replied, \" _ .\" But this was a real strong objection because radio stations are not very compatible . They usually don't work together. They are very cutthroat. They fight each other. To get them to work together would be virtually impossible according to the standard way of thinking. \n\nAll of a sudden someone said, \"We could get Harvey Kirk and Lloyd Robertson, the biggest names in Canadian broadcasting, to anchor the show.\" (That would be like getting Tom Brokaw and Sam Donaldson to anchor the show. They are anchors on national TV. They are not going to go on radio.) At that point, it was absolutely amazing how fast and furious the creative ideas began to flow. \n\nThat was on a Friday. The following Tuesday they had a radiothon . They had fifty radio stations all across the country that agreed to broadcast it. It didn't matter who got the credit as long as the people in Barrie got the money. Harvey Kirk and Lloyd Robertson anchored the show and they succeeded in raising three million dollars in three hours within three business days! \n\nYou see, you can do anything if you put your focus on how to do it rather than on why you can't.", "question": "Who is he a colleague of?", "context": "Bob Templeton is a colleague of Bob Johnson. Harvey Kirk is a colleague of Lloyd Robertson. Tom Brokaw is a colleague of Sam Donaldson.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bob Templeton)-[colleague of]->(Bob Johnson) || (Harvey Kirk)-[colleague of]->(Lloyd Robertson) || (Tom Brokaw)-[colleague of]->(Sam Donaldson)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0593", "coqa_story": "Zapata, Texas (CNN) -- The wife of an American man missing since a reported pirate attack on a U.S.-Mexico border lake said Thursday it's \"hard being judged\" by people who have questioned her story, but \"I know what happened that day.\" \n\nTiffany Hartley told authorities her husband David was shot and killed by pirates on Falcon Lake during a sightseeing trip last week. His body has yet to be found, leading to questions about the accuracy of her account. \n\nBut Hartley told HLN's \"Issues with Jane Velez-Mitchell\" on Thursday that \"I know what I know.\" \n\n\"It's hard being judged and thought of that I might have done something to him,\" she said. But she added, \"As long as I know the truth, God knows the truth. And other than that, it almost doesn't really matter to me, because I know what happened that day.\" \n\nMexican authorities said earlier this week that they could not verify the shooting, and Hartley was asked point-blank on NBC's \"Today\" show Wednesday whether she had anything to do with her husband's disappearance. \n\nPam Hartley, David Hartley's mother, said Tuesday that any suggestion that her daughter-in-law's account was inaccurate is \"insane.\" \n\nInvestigators have found some evidence that backs up Hartley's account, including blood on her life vest, Zapata County, Texas, Sheriff Sigifredo Gonzalez Jr. said Thursday. And the incident was similar to other attacks reported by boaters on Falcon Lake, about 70 miles west of the Hartley's home in McAllen. \n\nGonzalez has said the gunmen are typically teenagers hired by a drug cartel in the neighboring Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Mexican authorities have said the lake is controlled on their side by \"organized criminals,\" and the sheriff called on the Zeta cartel to turn over Hartley's remains if they have them. ", "question": "What network is it broadcast on?", "context": "Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell is broadcast on Hln. Today is broadcast on Nbc.", "based_on_pattern": "(Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell)-[broadcast on]->(Hln) || (Today)-[broadcast on]->(Nbc)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0594", "coqa_story": "Joe came to New York from the Middle West, dreaming about painting. Delia came to New York from the South, dreaming about music. Joe and Delia met in a studio. Before long they were good friends and got married. They had only a small flat to live in, but they were happy. They loved each other, and they were both interested in art. Everything was fine until one day they found they had spent all their money. Delia decided to give music lessons. One afternoon she said to her husband: \"Joe, , I've found a pupil, a general's daughter. She is a sweet girl. I'm to give three lessons a week and get $5 a lesson.\" But Joe was not glad. \"But how about me?\" he said.\" Do you think I'm going to watch you work while I play with my art? No, I want to earn some money too.\" \"Joe, , you are silly,\" said Delia. \"You must keep at your studies. We can live quite happily on $15 a week.\" \"Well, perhaps I can sell some of my pictures,\" said Joe. Every day they parted in the morning and met in the evening. A week passed and Delia brought home fifteen dollars, but she looked a little tired. \"Clementina sometimes gets on my nerves. I'm afraid she doesn't practice enough. But the general is the nicest old man! I wish you could know him, Joe.\" And then Joe took eighteen dollars out of his pocket. \"I've sold one of my pictures to a man from Peoria,\" he said, \"and he has ordered another.\" \"I'm so glad,\" said Delia. \"Thirty-three dollars! We never had so much to spend before. We'll have a good supper tonight.\" Next week Joe came home and put another eighteen dollars on the table. In half an hour Delia came, her right hand in a bandage. \"What's the matter with your hand?\" said Joe. Delia laughed and said: \"Oh, a funny thing happened! Clemantina gave me a plate of soup and spilled some of it on my hand. She was very sorry for it. And so was the old general. But why are you looking at me like that, Joe?\" \"What time this afternoon did you burn your hand, Delia?\" \"Five o'clock, I think. The iron-I mean the soup-was ready about five, Why?\" \"Delia, come and sit here,\" said Joe. He drew her to the couch and sat beside her. \"What do you do every day, Delia? Do you really give music lesson? Tell me the truth.\" She began to cry. \"I couldn't get any pupils,\" she said, \"So I got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. This afternoon a girl accidentally set down an iron on my hand and I got a bad burn. But tell me, Joe, how did you guess that I wasn't giving music lessons?\" \"It's very simple,\" said Joe. \"I knew all about your bandages because I had to send them upstairs to a girl in the laundry who had an accident with a hot iron. You see, I work in the engine-room of the same laundry where you work.\" \"And your pictures? Did you sell any to that man from Peoria?\" \"Well, _ And then they both laughed.", "question": "What did they dream about?", "context": "Delia dreamed about Music. Joe dreamed about Painting.", "based_on_pattern": "(Delia)-[dreamed about]->(Music) || (Joe)-[dreamed about]->(Painting)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0595", "coqa_story": "I loved my aunt Suzy. She was such a kind old lady. I loved going to her house on holiday. She had been sick for the last few years and, though my job had taken me away across the town, I tried to visit her as much as possible. I helped with the shopping, the cooking and the cleaning and taking her pet cat Mazy to the vet. \n\nSad as her passing away was, what happened to Mazy was even more worrying. Because aunt Suzy had no children, there wasn't anyone who seemed to care for her beloved cat friend. I would have taken her in a short time, but my apartment doesn't allow pets. First, we talked with her neighbors. Mr. Jenkins, who was alone and lived across the street, wasn't interested. Joe and Sally who lived next door had a small child with serious skin allergies . My aunt's best friend Molly who had lived just down the road was unable to take care of herself as she had serious health problems. \n\nSecond, we thought about our family members. My brother Bobby and his wife Jill were _ at once as they aren't cat people. My cousin in California was a bit interested, but we weren't sure about the trip as Mazy was nearly as old as my aunt (in cat years!). Finally, we came to the local humane society to see whether they would be able to help her find a new home. The problem was that most people and families only welcomed a smart little cat into their home, not a dull old one. \n\nIn the end, we had to put Mazy to sleep. I had spoken with the vet and realized it was possible for the best. It was so hard to lose aunt Suzy and then have nowhere for Mazy to live. A few months went by and I had gone to my aunt's house to clear out some of her belongings. I happened to see her mailman. Jerry and we started to talk about my aunt when he asked about Mazy. I told him that we had to put Mazy to sleep because we couldn't find a home for her. Jerry got really quiet. \"I promised Suzy that if anything ever happened to her, I'd take care of Mazy\", he said sadly. \"Suzy always said she'd told her lawyer the arrangement.\" \n\nHearing this, my heart sank to my feet and I almost cried. The saddest part, I realized, was this all could have been avoided. I guess we were just so busy in those final months that we didn't think about it. We could have called my aunt's lawyer to take care of it in less than 10 minutes. I'll never forgive myself for not thinking of it sooner. And I'll never forgive myself for losing Mazy.", "question": "What did Jerry promise regarding Mazy?", "context": "Jerry promised to care for Mazy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jerry)-[PROMISED_TO_CARE_FOR]->(Mazy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0596", "coqa_story": "Characters in novels don't always do what the writer wants them to do. Sometimes they cause trouble, take on lives of their own, or even work against the writer. It's not just a problem for inexperienced authors: famed children's novelist Roald Dahl said he got the main character in his bookMatildaso \"wrong\"that when he'd finished his first version, he threw it away and started again. Of course it's not the characters' fault. The problem lies with the author. Take Stephen King, who admitted that writing working-class characters is more difficult nowadays because his own circumstances have changed. \"It is definitely harder,\"King said.\"When I wroteCarriemany years ago, I was one step away from physical labour.\" This is also true for characters' ages, added King.\"When you have small children, it is easy to write young characters because you observe them and you have them in your life all the time. But your kids grow up, it's been harder for me to write about this little 12-year-old girl in my new book because my models are gone.\" For other authors, such as Karen Fowler, there's one quality that can stop a character in its tracks: boredom.\"I had particular problems with the main character in my historical novelSister Noon,\"she says.\"She had attitudes about race and religion that seemed appropriate to me for her time and class, but they were not attitudes I liked. Eventually I grew quite bored with her. You can write a book about a character you dislike or a character you disagree with, but I don't think you can write a book about a character who bores you.\" According to Neel Mukherjee, it was Adinath, a character inThe Lives of Others, who made him work the hardest.\"I think I struggled because it's difficult to write a character whose most prominent personal feature is weakness, as Adinath's is, without making that feature define him,\"Mukherjee says. But a troublesome character is far from an unwelcome guest, he continues, arguing that \"when characters work against the author they come alive and become unpredictable\". \"That is a fantastic thing to happen,\"Mukherjee says.\"I celebrate it. It is one of the great, lucky gifts given to a writer.\"", "question": "In which book is Adinath a character?", "context": "Adinath is a character in the book The Lives Of Others.", "based_on_pattern": "(Adinath)-[CHARACTER_IN]->(The Lives Of Others)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0597", "coqa_story": "Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. \"I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.\" So he took a \"gap year\", from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania. \n\n\"Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,\" said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. \"In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,\" she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the potential American market for gap years as a \"sleeping giant.\" \n\n\"A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.\" said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine \"assured the reasons I went into health care,\" said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. \"I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,\" he added. \"And I listen better than I did before.\" \n\nGeorge Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.", "question": "Which department is chaired by George Garritan?", "context": "George Garritan is the chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management.", "based_on_pattern": "(George Garritan)-[CHAIRMAN_OF]->(Department Of Leadership And Human Capital Management)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0598", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "What is Justin Roberts's profession?", "context": "Justin Roberts is a Children's Music Performer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Justin Roberts)-[IS_A]->(Children'S Music Performer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0599", "coqa_story": "Twenty years are just a blink in time. But 20 years is also long enough for a man to grow up. It is always painful. For Andre Agassi, maturing in the spotlight of international tennis competition was even harder. \n\nOn September 3, the American tennis player said a tearful goodbye to his 21-year career after a third-round defeat in the US Open. The 36-year-old tried his best, but was unable to keep up with German Benjamin Becker, _ years his _ \n\n\"The scoreboard said I lost today, but what the scoreboard doesn't say is what I've found,\" Agassi said to the fans. \"I have found inspiration and you willed me to succeed.\" It was an emotional speech at the end of a long career. \n\nAgassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he loves it now. His father made him play when he was a child. He got bored, and became a rebel . The strict training that his father pushed upon him got in the way of his wild lifestyle. He grew hair long, wore colourful clothes and spat at a judge. Over the years, he has made bad jokes during news conferences Asked what he would say to his 17-year-old self, Agassi answered, \"I would say, I understand you a lot more than I want to be you.\" \n\nThe turning point in Agassi's career came in 1992 when he unexpectedly won his first Grand Slam at Wimbledon. It was the first time Agassi understood what real champions finally understand: winning is a test of courage and not just power, it's a marathon, not a sprint . \n\nAnd what a marathon Agassi was about to begin. He cut his long hair, got fitter and tightened up emotionally. On the court, he was ranked No. 1 for almost two years. His lowest point came in 1997 when his ranking dropped to No. 141. He didn't quit though. \"I knew that I would try to get the most out of myself every day from that day forward. That was my promise,\" he said. \"That never stopped.\"", "question": "At which tournament did Andre Agassi retire?", "context": "Andre Agassi retired at the Us Open.", "based_on_pattern": "(Andre Agassi)-[RETIRED_AT]->(Us Open)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0600", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II \n\nDEW OF MORNING \n\nOutside, the Ingleside lawn was full of golden pools of sunshine and plots of alluring shadows. Rilla Blythe was swinging in the hammock under the big Scotch pine, Gertrude Oliver sat at its roots beside her, and Walter was stretched at full length on the grass, lost in a romance of chivalry wherein old heroes and beauties of dead and gone centuries lived vividly again for him. \n\nRilla was the \"baby\" of the Blythe family and was in a chronic state of secret indignation because nobody believed she was grown up. She was so nearly fifteen that she called herself that, and she was quite as tall as Di and Nan; also, she was nearly as pretty as Susan believed her to be. She had great, dreamy, hazel eyes, a milky skin dappled with little golden freckles, and delicately arched eyebrows, giving her a demure, questioning look which made people, especially lads in their teens, want to answer it. Her hair was ripely, ruddily brown and a little dent in her upper lip looked as if some good fairy had pressed it in with her finger at Rilla's christening. Rilla, whose best friends could not deny her share of vanity, thought her face would do very well, but worried over her figure, and wished her mother could be prevailed upon to let her wear longer dresses. She, who had been so plump and roly-poly in the old Rainbow Valley days, was incredibly slim now, in the arms-and-legs period. Jem and Shirley harrowed her soul by calling her \"Spider.\" Yet she somehow escaped awkwardness. There was something in her movements that made you think she never walked but always danced. She had been much petted and was a wee bit spoiled, but still the general opinion was that Rilla Blythe was a very sweet girl, even if she were not so clever as Nan and Di. ", "question": "Where are they located?", "context": "Rilla Blythe is located on Ingleside Lawn. Walter is located on Grass.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rilla Blythe)-[located on]->(Ingleside Lawn) || (Walter)-[located on]->(Grass)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0601", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XIX \n\nDEFEAT OF THE ENGLISH \n\nThe explosion of the musket had been so unexpected that for the moment Dave and Henry hardly knew what had happened. Dave felt something hit him on the bottom of his left cheek and putting up his hand withdrew it covered with blood. Henry, too, was hit by a flying fragment of the gun barrel which clipped off a lock of his hair. Poor Barringford lay like one dead. \n\nBefore Dave could recover the Indians were on them, whooping as if their very lives depended upon it. One threw a tomahawk at Dave, but the aim was poor and the weapon buried itself in the log which had sheltered our friends. \n\nBut just at this moment, when all seemed lost, the battleground shifted and instantly thirty or forty English red-coats burst from the woods directly behind the Indians. A volley rang out and four of the redmen pitched forward, shot through the back. Other bullets hit the log behind which our friends lay, but Dave, Henry, and Barringford were not touched. \n\nAttacked so unexpectedly from a new quarter, the Indians appeared dazed. They attempted to turn upon the English soldiers, but when two more were laid low, they fled to one side, where there was a dense growth of walnuts. The soldiers at once made after them, and another skirmish took place in the forest. \n\n\"Are you hurt much, Sam?\" asked Henry, when he had recovered sufficiently to speak. \n\n\"I--I reckon not,\" was the gasped-out answer, after a long silence. Barringford opened his eyes and gazed ruefully at the gun stock which lay at his feet. \"Busted! Well, by gum! Didn't think Old Trusty would do it nohow. Ain't ye ashamed?\" And he shook his head dolefully. He had carried the firearm for many years, as our old readers know, and to have it \"go back on him\" like this hurt him more than had the explosion. ", "question": "Who did they attack?", "context": "Indians attacked Dave. English Red-Coats attacked Indians.", "based_on_pattern": "(Indians)-[attacked]->(Dave) || (English Red-Coats)-[attacked]->(Indians)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0602", "coqa_story": "Tony Hawken, 57, is divorcing his wife Xiu Li, 51, Britain's wealthiest woman entrepreneur , because he says he doesn't like being rich and is 'not in the habit' of spending lots of money. \n\nThe pair traded up their semi-detached home in South Norwood, London, and bought a PS1.5million house in Surrey. \n\nLi, who is now worth $1.2billion (PS700million) according to Forbes, quickly settled into a life which included sipping a PS900 bottle of wine on a luxurious yacht. \n\nHowever, Mr Hawken says he felt more comfortable getting lunch in his local Wetherspoon's. \n\nDespite his sudden wealth he continued to buy books from charity shops, and _ dear clothes. \n\nIn an interview with The Times, he said: 'I think it made me uncomfortable because I'm not in the habit, I don't like spending lots of money -- I've been brought up that way. \n\n'Until recently I was never a wealthy person. I've been moderately comfortable because I have been careful with my money.' \n\nNow the couple have decided to part, Mr Hawken will walk away with just PS1million, but says it will be enough for him. \n\nHe added: 'I have got a settlement which is not great, but it's enough for me because I don't have an extravagant lifestyle. I won't have to work if I'm careful.' \n\nOn a recent trip to China, Mr Hawken said his wife took him on a yacht and treated him to a PS900 bottle of wine, but he prefers his local Wetherspoon pub. \n\n'I'm getting a little pay when you consider her potential wealth, but I don't really want to fight it.' \n\nMr Hawken met Li on a blind date while he was still a teacher and she was studying English. \n\nThe couple married, but as Li's business took off the couple spent more and more time apart. Mr Hawken says the couple have spent most of the relationship apart. \n\nFar from driving them apart, Mr Hawken believes the distance kept them together, and says they would have divorced a long time ago if they were under the same roof. \n\nMr Hawken says his only regret is not getting a divorce sooner, but he didn't push for it over fears it would affect the couple's teenage son William, now 17. \n\nMr Hawken no longer teaches full-time, but instead gives free tuition to under-privileged children.", "question": "They have an age, what is it?", "context": "Tony Hawken has age 57. Xiu Li has age 51. William has age 17.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tony Hawken)-[has age]->(57) || (Xiu Li)-[has age]->(51) || (William)-[has age]->(17)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0603", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "Who is it based on?", "context": "Shine is based on David Helfgott. My Left Foot is based on Christy Brown. Stand And Deliver is based on Jaime Escalante.", "based_on_pattern": "(Shine)-[based on]->(David Helfgott) || (My Left Foot)-[based on]->(Christy Brown) || (Stand And Deliver)-[based on]->(Jaime Escalante)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0604", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Besides being an author, what is Justin Roberts's profession?", "context": "Justin Roberts is a Children's Music Performer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Justin Roberts)-[IS_A]->(Children'S Music Performer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0605", "coqa_story": "It is a novel that is probably more talked about than read. People think: \"It's such a big book! It has such a serious theme!\" The feeling that they are going to be taught a long, hard lesson often puts readers off. But really, War and Peace (1869), which tells the stories of five upper-class families in Russia at the time of the 1812 French invasion, is not to be missed. Reading this novel is one of those once-in-a-lifetime experiences, like climbing the Great Wall: You will regret it if you do not try. \n\nEarlier this month, USA Today reported that a six-episode War and Peace miniseries produced by the BBC would air next year. \n\nWith a complex plot and so many characters, readers unfamiliar with the work might be most interested in the characters from the financially-troubled Rostov family of Moscow. Count Rostov has four teenage children. Natasha is in love with Boris Drubetskoy, who is about to become an army officer. Nikolai Ilyich loves the poor Sonya, a ward of the family, but his family is not happy with their relationship. The proud Vera is about to start a happy marriage with a German-Russian officer. The youngest Rostov is the 9-year-old Petya, who, like his brother Nikolai, has his heart set on fighting for his country. \n\nThe lives of all are about to be changed by the upcoming great war that involves many other major characters of War and Peace, such as Prince Andrei, who goes into a military career partly in order to get away from his unhappy marriage to the socialite Lise. \n\nThe novel has a great reputation among many kinds of writers and millions of readers. US writer Ernest Hemingway wrote: \"I don't know anybody who could write about war better than Tolstoy did.\" A comment by the great 20th-century Russian short-story writer Isaak Babel shows the rich sense of history that Tolstoy's work conveys. \"If the world itself could write, it would write like Tolstoy,\" Babel commented.", "question": "Who were they married to?", "context": "Vera was married to the German-Russian Officer. Prince Andrei was married to Lise.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vera)-[married to]->(German-Russian Officer) || (Prince Andrei)-[married to]->(Lise)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0606", "coqa_story": "Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus. \n\nThe onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination). Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage.", "question": "In what kind of environment are leaves bright?", "context": "Leaves are bright in the near IR.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leaves)-[ARE_BRIGHT_IN]->(The Near Ir)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0607", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "Who is credited with creating the World's Largest Ball of Paint?", "context": "Michael Carmichael created the World's Largest Ball of Paint.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael Carmichael)-[CREATED]->(World'S Largest Ball Of Paint)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0608", "coqa_story": "Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years.One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out and travels alone, according to new research. \n\nBy contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out. \n\nMore women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures.Men are more likely to rank \"having fun\" higher on their list of _ .Women are more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people. \n\nThe more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed have reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience. \n\nThe research also shows that women are more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects.One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light. \n\nA greater proportion of women than men face objections or criticism from their families over their gapyear plans.Among the men surveyed, lack of money is the main barrier to travel. \n\nCarolyn Martin, a doctor from London,is a typically confident female traveller.Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs. \n\n\"I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan,\" she recalled.\"It was OK but one day I did get chased by one.\" \n\nShe said that she had travelled alone because \"you meet more people\".", "question": "They travel in a particular style, but how do they travel?", "context": "Female Backpackers travel alone. Male Counterparts travel in groups.", "based_on_pattern": "(Female Backpackers)-[travels]->(Alone) || (Male Counterparts)-[travels]->(In Groups)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0609", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \" \" From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \" is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets.", "question": "What is its starting price?", "context": "Apple Ipad Mini has starting price 329. Google Nexus 7 has starting price 199.", "based_on_pattern": "(Apple Ipad Mini)-[has starting price]->(329) || (Google Nexus 7)-[has starting price]->(199)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0610", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. The boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" A flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. The child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. Sheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" The child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" Sheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" The boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" The boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. Sheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. Sheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. Norton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Norton is the son of Sheppard. Rufus Johnson is the son of Rufus'S Mother.", "based_on_pattern": "(Norton)-[son of]->(Sheppard) || (Rufus Johnson)-[son of]->(Rufus'S Mother)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0611", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "Who did she have an affair with?", "context": "Karen Blixen had affair with Denys. Francesca Johnson had affair with Robert Kincaid.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karen Blixen)-[had affair with]->(Denys) || (Francesca Johnson)-[had affair with]->(Robert Kincaid)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0612", "coqa_story": "The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. \n\nIndoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced, new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants. \n\nWHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking? heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cook-stoves. Most of the deaths are in developing countries. \n\nCarlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. \n\nWHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. \n\nNigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way. \n\nWHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $ 8.00. And in Africa a you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. 00.", "question": "How many people die as a result of Household Air Pollution?", "context": "4.3 Million People die from Household Air Pollution.", "based_on_pattern": "(4.3 Million People)-[DIE_FROM]->(Household Air Pollution)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0613", "coqa_story": "Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone. \n\nGenetic engineering was used to introduce the \"mothers' milk\" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires. \n\nAs an adult, the cloned cow \"will produce milk that is similar to humans\" in what will prove \"a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants\", it said in a statement. \n\n\"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk,\" the statement said. \n\nIn April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. \n\nBut the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans. \n\nRosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows. \n\nAdrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said \"Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection.\" \n\nCristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute \"makes all proud.\" She also revealed that she had rejected the \"honor\" of having the cow named after her. \"They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.\"", "question": "How was the transgenic cow Rosita Isa created?", "context": "Rosita Isa was created using Genetic Engineering.", "based_on_pattern": "(Genetic Engineering)-[USED_TO_CREATE]->(Rosita Isa)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0614", "coqa_story": "Rob Kalin learned the secret to success while he was still in his baby bed. At age one, the Boston-bom teacher's son dragged around a stuffed rabbit that had been lovingly sewn by one of his mother's students. True, one of the ears was sewn on backward, but that just added to its magic. \"It was always special to me,\" Kalin remembers of his first handmade craft . \n\nKalin's appreciation for the simple and the simply eccentric inspired him to create etsy. com, an online craft fair, probably the largest market for handmade goods in the world. Last year, 350,000 woodworkers and other craftsmen sold their one-of-a-kind crafts on the four-year-old site. \n\nThey sell everything from hand-knit sleeves for Macbooks ($32) to myrtle-wood electric guitars ($3,200). And in an age of chain stores, it seems there's still a big market. More than three million consumers in 150 countries purchased about $87.5 million worth of crafts on Etsy last year. \n\nEmily Worden, founder of Elemental Threads, a custom handbag and jewelry company, signed up with Etsy when she started her company two years ago. She pays Etsy a 20-cent standard fee for each item she lists on the site, plus a 3.5 percent commission on everything sold. Etsy allows her to track the number of times customers click on a particular item to view it. \"We can see that our necklaces are a popularly viewed item and which color1s and sizes get the most views,\" she says. \"That is a guide to evolving our product lines.\" \n\nToday, Etsy's staff has ballooned to 70 employees, and the company reportedly earns more than $12 million a year. \n\nKalin's father was a carpenter and taught him early on how to use his hands. Indeed, in high school, he put his skills to work -- developing the photos of his classmates and handcrafting a graduate ID to attend design classes. Eventually, he was admitted to New York University, studying classics and working as a carpenter. \n\nKalin has also started sewing some of his own clothes. \"I have to make something physical at least once a month,\" says Kalin, \"or I go crazy.\"", "question": "He is the founder of which company?", "context": "Rob Kalin is the founder of Etsy. Emily Worden is the founder of Elemental Threads.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rob Kalin)-[founder of]->(Etsy) || (Emily Worden)-[founder of]->(Elemental Threads)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0615", "coqa_story": "ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- Eric Hahn thought his financial situation was set after he was approved for a private student loan with an 8 percent interest rate to supplement his federal education loans. \n\nEric Hahn, 21, estimates he will be in debt for the next five to seven years for his undergraduate tuition. \n\nJust a few weeks later, Hahn, 21, was forced to cash in his savings and investments so he could make his rent and tuition after finding out that the lender, MyRichUncle.com, had suspended its private student loan program. \n\n\"Due to continued disruptions in the capital markets, combined with the continued demand we have experienced this year, we are reaching funding capacity limits,\" a message on his cell phone said, mimicking a statement on the company's Web site. \n\nThe sudden news left Hahn, a senior-year finance major, scrambling to find additional funding after maxing out his borrowing options from the federal government. Eventually, the country's leading student loan provider, Sallie Mae, approved him for a private loan at 12 percent. \n\nAfter he graduates, Hahn estimates it will take him anywhere from five to seven years to repay about $30,000 he will have borrowed by then. \n\n\"Money isn't cheap,\" said Hahn, who transferred to Georgia State University in Atlanta from the University of Connecticut last year because the tuition was less expensive. \"The process is time-consuming, and there's also the stress of having to liquidate my investments and wonder where I'm going to find money.\" \n\nAbout 8 percent of student borrowers rely on private loans, which tend to be costlier and stricter than federal loans, said Robert Shierman, executive director of the Institute for College Access and Success. In doing so, Hahn and others like him are getting a crash course in market volatility and its effects on the consumer's ability to find money. Watch how the current economic troubles affect consumers \u00c2\u00bb ", "question": "What is Robert Shierman's role at The Institute For College Access And Success?", "context": "Robert Shierman is the executive director of The Institute For College Access And Success.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robert Shierman)-[EXECUTIVE_DIRECTOR_OF]->(The Institute For College Access And Success)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0616", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXIII. Anne Comes to Grief in an Affair of Honor \n\nAnne had to live through more than two weeks, as it happened. Almost a month having elapsed since the liniment cake episode, it was high time for her to get into fresh trouble of some sort, little mistakes, such as absentmindedly emptying a pan of skim milk into a basket of yarn balls in the pantry instead of into the pigs' bucket, and walking clean over the edge of the log bridge into the brook while wrapped in imaginative reverie, not really being worth counting. \n\nA week after the tea at the manse Diana Barry gave a party. \n\n\"Small and select,\" Anne assured Marilla. \"Just the girls in our class.\" \n\nThey had a very good time and nothing untoward happened until after tea, when they found themselves in the Barry garden, a little tired of all their games and ripe for any enticing form of mischief which might present itself. This presently took the form of \"daring.\" \n\nDaring was the fashionable amusement among the Avonlea small fry just then. It had begun among the boys, but soon spread to the girls, and all the silly things that were done in Avonlea that summer because the doers thereof were \"dared\" to do them would fill a book by themselves. \n\nFirst of all Carrie Sloane dared Ruby Gillis to climb to a certain point in the huge old willow tree before the front door; which Ruby Gillis, albeit in mortal dread of the fat green caterpillars with which said tree was infested and with the fear of her mother before her eyes if she should tear her new muslin dress, nimbly did, to the discomfiture of the aforesaid Carrie Sloane. Then Josie Pye dared Jane Andrews to hop on her left leg around the garden without stopping once or putting her right foot to the ground; which Jane Andrews gamely tried to do, but gave out at the third corner and had to confess herself defeated. ", "question": "Who did she dare?", "context": "Carrie Sloane dared Ruby Gillis. Josie Pye dared Jane Andrews.", "based_on_pattern": "(Carrie Sloane)-[dared]->(Ruby Gillis) || (Josie Pye)-[dared]->(Jane Andrews)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0617", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "Where did the Earnshaw family live?", "context": "The Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights.", "based_on_pattern": "(Earnshaw Family)-[LIVED_AT]->(Wuthering Heights)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0618", "coqa_story": "Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. \n\n\"Dad will be really mad if he finds out you've been playing with his new computer.\" Jason said, \"He told us not to touch it.\" \n\n\"He won't find out.\" Mark said, \"I'll just have a quick look and shut it down.\" \n\nMark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. \n\nIt was a strange-looking machine -one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. \"It's an experimental model,\" his father had explained, \"so don't touch it under any circumstances.\" But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into color1s, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: \"SPACE TRANSPORTER.\" \n\n\"Yes!\" Mark cried excitedly, \"It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.\" A new message appeared on the screen: \n\nENTER NAMES \n\nVOYAGER 1: ... VOYAGER 2: ... \n\nMark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names. \n\nINPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED \n\nThe screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume. \n\n\"I think we'd better shut it off, Mark,\" Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened. \n\nBut his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow , until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed. \n\nTRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.", "question": "Who is his brother?", "context": "Mark is the brother of Jason. Jason is the brother of Mark.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mark)-[is brother of]->(Jason) || (Jason)-[is brother of]->(Mark)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0619", "coqa_story": "Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? Can you? If so, you could be the next great inventor. \"But I'm just a kid\",you might be! Don't worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor-- Benjamin Franklin--got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Finally his creation led to what we know is called flippers! \n\nSo you don't have to be adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways. \n\nSo what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention? Talk to a friend or family member about it. Get input from others about your idea. Then ask them to help you create a working model--called a prototype of your idea. \n\nOnce you have a prototype, you can test it. Sometimes your idea turns out to be not as great as you thought. At other times, though, you realize it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better. \n\nIf your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it. You will also want an adult's help to get a patent for your idea, so that it is protected and can't be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions: \n\nJeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It's a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves. \n\nAt the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read. \n\nChelsea Lanmon received a patent when she was just 8 for the \"pocket diaper \",a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder.", "question": "What invention did the creation of paddles eventually lead to?", "context": "The creation of paddles eventually led to flippers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paddles)-[LED_TO]->(Flippers)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0620", "coqa_story": "Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew . And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency. \n\nCharles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection. \n\nFrenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine. \n\nAmerican inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe's machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines. \n\nIsaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer's hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical. It could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals. \n\nHowever, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement . Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties . In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.", "question": "Who did Elias Howe win a court case against regarding his patent?", "context": "Elias Howe won a court case against Isaac Singer.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elias Howe)-[WON_COURT_CASE_AGAINST]->(Isaac Singer)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0621", "coqa_story": "Sikhism (), or Sikhi ( \"\", , from \"Sikh\", meaning a \"disciple\", or a \"learner\"), is a monotheistic Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab. \n\nSikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru, and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, impersonal spiritual guide for Sikhs. Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. \n\nSikhism emphasises simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to avoid the \"Five Thieves\" (lust, rage, greed, attachment and conceit). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life. Guru Nanak taught that living an \"active, creative, and practical life\" of \"truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity\" is above the metaphysical truth, and that the ideal man is one who \"establishes union with God, knows His Will, and carries out that Will\". Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru, established the political/temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms to be mutually coexistent.", "question": "What was his title?", "context": "Guru Nanak has title First Guru. Guru Hargobind has title Sixth Sikh Guru. Guru Gobind Singh has title Tenth Guru.", "based_on_pattern": "(Guru Nanak)-[has title]->(First Guru) || (Guru Hargobind)-[has title]->(Sixth Sikh Guru) || (Guru Gobind Singh)-[has title]->(Tenth Guru)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0622", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant, it might not be love at first sniff. \n\nBaby's Best Friend \n\nWhen Jennifer Merritt brought her baby, Arielle, home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming: \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them!\"says the Greenbrier, prefix = st1 /Arkansas, mom. Tiger isn't the first dog to feel jealous of a baby. In the eyes of a pet's, there's a new star in town who's stealing his spotlight. Even the most gentle animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust -- and keep your baby safe. \n\nu Introduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and pet's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz, of Raleigh, North Carolina: \"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog will probably want to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your newborn away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nu Learn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow, says Bonnie Beaver, DVM, past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Number one: Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture (available in most pet stores). You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate.", "question": "What type is it?", "context": "Sonya is a type of Boxer. Tiger is a type of Pomeranian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sonya)-[is type of]->(Boxer) || (Tiger)-[is type of]->(Pomeranian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0623", "coqa_story": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderlandis one of the most loved children's books of all time, and many adults enjoy it as well. It tells the story of a young girl named Alice, who follows a rabbit entering a magical world called Wonderland. She has many experiences which seem to change the rules of reasoning or common sense. The popularity of the book comes from its imagination, interesting story, and art work. The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll. In fact, Lewis Carroll was not the writer's real name. His real name was Charles Dodgson. One day, he took a boat ride down the Thames River to have a picnic with three little girls who were friends of the family. To keep them entertained on the ride, he told them a story in which Alice, the middle child, was the main character. They enjoyed the story very much. Charles later wrote the story down under the nameAlice's Adventures Under Groundand gave it to Alice as a Christmas present. Later, he gave a copy to his friend George MacDonald. George read it to his children and they loved it. George suggested to Charles that he make a book from his story. Charles then wrote more parts to the story until it was around 35,000 words. It was first printed in 1866, with art work by John Tenniel, under the nameAlice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was an immediate success. One of its first fans was Queen Victoria. She immediately requested a collection of all of Lewis Carroll's works. She was surprised to find that they included many works on math. In fact, Charles Dodgson was a highly respected mathematician. This can be seen in many puzzles and plays on reasoning that appear in his books and poems. Since the story was first printed, it has kept selling up to the present day. It has been translated into over fifty languages and has had several movies based on it.", "question": "Who was it authored by?", "context": "Alice'S Adventures Under Ground was authored by Charles Dodgson. Alice'S Adventures In Wonderland was authored by Lewis Carroll.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alice'S Adventures Under Ground)-[authored by]->(Charles Dodgson) || (Alice'S Adventures In Wonderland)-[authored by]->(Lewis Carroll)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0624", "coqa_story": "It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010. Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either _ or strangers. When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough. When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone - but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete. According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach - where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots. Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water - so when they're threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.", "question": "What is its habitat?", "context": "The habitat of Great Lakes Sea Rocket is Beach. The habitat of Jewelweeds is Wet, Shady Spots.", "based_on_pattern": "(Great Lakes Sea Rocket)-[has habitat]->(Beach) || (Jewelweeds)-[has habitat]->(Wet, Shady Spots)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0625", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "What did Hindley do to change Heathcliff's status in the household?", "context": "Hindley made Heathcliff a servant.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hindley)-[MAKES_SERVANT]->(Heathcliff)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0626", "coqa_story": "MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated as MyTV, MyNet, MNT or MNTV) is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group division of 21st Century Fox, and operated by subsidiaries Fox Television Stations and 20th Television. MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5, 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country, most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks, The CW. \n\nOn September 28, 2009, following disappointment with the network's results, MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service, similar to Ion Television, relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series. \n\nMyNetworkTV arose from the January 2006 announcement of the launch of The CW, a television network formed by CBS Corporation and Time Warner which essentially combined programming from The WB and UPN onto the scheduling model of the former of the two predecessors. As a result of several deals earlier in the decade, Fox Television Stations owned several UPN affiliates, including the network's three largest stations: WWOR-TV in Secaucus, New Jersey (part of the New York City market), KCOP-TV in Los Angeles and WPWR-TV in Chicago. Fox had acquired WWOR and KCOP after purchasing most of the television holdings of UPN's founding partner Chris-Craft Industries, while WPWR was purchased by the company in 2003 from Newsweb Corporation. Despite concerns about UPN's future that came up after Fox purchased the Chris-Craft stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with the network's Fox-owned affiliates in 2003. That agreement's pending expiration, along with those involving other broadcasting companies, in 2006 as well as persistent financial losses for both it and The WB gave CBS Corporation (the parent company of UPN) and Time Warner (parent of The WB) the rare opportunity to merge their respective struggling networks into The CW.", "question": "Who was the former owner of the television station WPWR-TV?", "context": "Newsweb Corporation was the former owner of WPWR-TV.", "based_on_pattern": "(Newsweb Corporation)-[FORMER_OWNER_OF]->(Wpwr-Tv)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0627", "coqa_story": "Bomb attack onprefix = st1 /Bombaytrains kills 190 \n\nBOMBAY, India-Eight bombs exploded in first -class compartments of packed Bombay Trains Tuesday, killing 190 people and wounding hundreds in a well-designed terror attack on the heart of a city that embodies the ambition of the country. \n\nLiu Xiang record warmsChina's hearts \n\nLiu Xiang ofChinaset a new 110 metres hurdles world record on a stunning night in Lausanne, breaking the record he shared withBritain's Colin Jackson. Liu rushed to the finishing line in a time of 12.88 seconds, beating the old mark of 12.91 that he matched in winning gold at the 2004 A thens Olympics. Jackson ran 12.91 inStuttgart,Germany, in August 1993. \n\nMaterazzi admits insulting Zidane \n\nMarco Materazzi admits he insulted Zinedine Zidane before the France captain head-butted him in the World Cup final. Materazzi denies calling him a\"terrorist.\"Zidane and Materazzi _ after Italy broke up a French attack in extra-time of Sunday's final in Berlin Seconds later, Zidane lowered his head and rammed Materazzi in the chest, knocking him to the ground. \n\nPresident Hu departs for G8 summit \n\nBEIJING,July 16-Chinese President Hu Jintao left Beijing on Sunday morning for Russia's St. Petersburg to attend the summit of the Group of Eight major economies. Hu is invited by Russian President Vladimir Putin. On Monday. Hu will meet with G-8 leaders to discuss energy security, prevention and control of epidemic diseases, education, African development and other topics. Among Hu's entourages are State Councilor Tang Jiaxuan, Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing, Director of the Policy Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Wang Huning, Deputy Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee Ling Jihua, Director of thePresident's Office Chen Shiju and Assistant Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai. The G-8 members are Britain,Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,Russiaand theUnited States.", "question": "At which Olympic games did Liu Xiang win a gold medal?", "context": "Liu Xiang won a gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liu Xiang)-[WON_GOLD_AT]->(2004 Athens Olympics)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0628", "coqa_story": "Do you have imagination? Do you like to solve problems? Can you? If so, you could be the next great inventor. \"But I'm just a kid\",you might be! Don't worry about a little thing like age. For example, one famous inventor-- Benjamin Franklin--got his start when he was only 12. At that young age, he created paddles for his hands to help him swim faster. Finally his creation led to what we know is called flippers! \n\nSo you don't have to be adult to be an inventor. One thing you do need, though, is something that kids have plenty of: curiosity and imagination. Kids are known for looking at things in new and unique ways. \n\nSo what should you do if you have what is a great idea for an invention? Talk to a friend or family member about it. Get input from others about your idea. Then ask them to help you create a working model--called a prototype of your idea. \n\nOnce you have a prototype, you can test it. Sometimes your idea turns out to be not as great as you thought. At other times, though, you realize it is a good idea and your prototype can help you figure out how to make it even better. \n\nIf your idea is really a good one, an adult can help you contact companies that might be interested in it. You will also want an adult's help to get a patent for your idea, so that it is protected and can't be stolen by someone else. If you need some inspiration, consider these kids and their inventions: \n\nJeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool when she was just 11. It's a folding stool that fits under the kitchen sink. Kids can unfold it and use it to reach the sink all by themselves. \n\nAt the age of 15, Louis Braille invented the system named after him that allows the blind to read. \n\nChelsea Lanmon received a patent when she was just 8 for the \"pocket diaper \",a new type of diaper that includes a pocket for holding baby wipes and powder.", "question": "What did they invent?", "context": "Jeanie Low invented the Kiddie Stool. Louis Braille invented Braille.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jeanie Low)-[invented]->(Kiddie Stool) || (Louis Braille)-[invented]->(Braille)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0629", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "According to the information provided, what does War Porn turn into entertainment?", "context": "War Porn turns war into entertainment.", "based_on_pattern": "(War Porn)-[TURNS_INTO_ENTERTAINMENT]->(War)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0630", "coqa_story": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties. The region is traditionally described as \"eight counties\", based on demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura. The more extensive 10-county definition, including Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is also used based on historical political divisions. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States. \n\nThe 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana. \n\nSouthern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard\u00e2\u20ac\u201cThousand Oaks\u00e2\u20ac\u201cVentura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.", "question": "What is its population?", "context": "Southern California has a population of 22 Million. Greater Los Angeles Area has a population of 17.5 Million. Inland Empire has a population of Four Million. Los Angeles Metropolitan Area has a population of 12 Million. San Diego Metropolitan Area has a population of 3 Million.", "based_on_pattern": "(Southern California)-[has population]->(22 Million) || (Greater Los Angeles Area)-[has population]->(17.5 Million) || (Inland Empire)-[has population]->(Four Million) || (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area)-[has population]->(12 Million) || (San Diego Metropolitan Area)-[has population]->(3 Million)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0631", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II. THE PATH OF PHILANTHROPY \n\nMrs. Cecil Grainger may safely have been called a Personality, and one of the proofs of this was that she haunted people who had never seen her. Honora might have looked at her, it is true, on the memorable night of the dinner with Mrs. Holt and Trixton Brent; but--for sufficiently obvious reasons--refrained. It would be an exaggeration to say that Mrs. Grainger became an obsession with our heroine; yet it cannot be denied that, since Honora's arrival at Quicksands, this lady had, in increasing degrees, been the subject of her speculations. The threads of Mrs. Grainger's influence were so ramified, indeed, as to be found in Mrs. Dallam, who declared she was the rudest woman in New York and yet had copied her brougham; in Mr. Cuthbert and Trixton Brent; in Mrs. Kame; in Mrs. Holt, who proclaimed her a tower of strength in charities; and lastly in Mr. Grainger himself, who, although he did not spend much time in his wife's company, had for her an admiration that amounted to awe. \n\nElizabeth Grainger, who was at once modern and tenaciously conservative, might have been likened to some of the Roman matrons of the aristocracy in the last years of the Republic. Her family, the Pendletons, had traditions: so, for that matter, had the Graingers. But Senator Pendleton, antique homo virtute et fide, had been a Roman of the old school who would have preferred exile after the battle of Philippi; and who, could he have foreseen modern New York and modern finance, would have been more content to die when he did. He had lived in Washington Square. His daughter inherited his executive ability, many of his prejudices (as they would now be called), and his habit of regarding favourable impressions with profound suspicion. She had never known the necessity of making friends: hers she had inherited, and for some reason specially decreed, they were better than those of less fortunate people. ", "question": "What are they members of?", "context": "Elizabeth Grainger is a member of the Pendletons. Mr. Grainger is a member of the Graingers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elizabeth Grainger)-[is member of]->(Pendletons) || (Mr. Grainger)-[is member of]->(Graingers)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0632", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "In which field of study is Boolean Algebra considered a fundamental concept?", "context": "Boolean Algebra is considered a fundamental concept in Digital Electronics.", "based_on_pattern": "(Boolean Algebra)-[IS_FUNDAMENTAL_IN]->(Digital Electronics)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0633", "coqa_story": "(RollingStone.com ) -- Like many authors, Courtney Love is a victim of writer's block. \n\nFor over a year, the Hole singer has been penning a memoir with Rolling Stone writer Anthony Bozza. \"The Girl With the Most Cake\" was originally supposed to hit bookshelves in December 2013 before being pushed back to early-2014. Three-quarters of the way through the year and Love's memoir is still nowhere on the release schedule, and as the singer tells Paper, don't expect to be reading her life story anytime soon. As it turns out, not everyone can write a 460-page autobiography as quickly and easily as Morrissey. \n\nRS: Q&A with Courtney Love on her memoir and 'I'm Still Alive' tour \n\n\"It's a disaster. A nightmare,\" Love told Paper (via Billboard) of her memoir. \"I never wanted to write a book in my entire life. It just sort of happened. And I have a co-writer, but it's just not working.\" \n\nWhile Love originally told Rolling Stone the book would cover her life up until 2008, she's since subtracted a few years from the tome. \"What happens from 2006 on in the book is my personal business. I've been discreet from that time on, and I want to keep it that way,\" Love said. \n\nRS: Courtney Love wrote letters of apology over Springsteen diss \n\nWhen Love first discussed her memoir with Rolling Stone in June 2013, she had high hopes for the book, citing Patti Smith's \"Just Kids\" and Russell Brand's \"My Booky Wook\" as influences. (But not Keith Richards' \"Life,\" since it was \"just so bloody long, I didn't even finish it.\") If and when Love's memoir finally arrives through William Morrow at Harper Collins, she promises it will focus on her battles with drug addiction, her \"tragic romance\" with Kurt Cobain, her relationships with Billy Corgan and Trent Reznor, and her early years as a stripper. ", "question": "What did they write?", "context": "Patti Smith is the author of Just Kids. Courtney Love is the author of The Girl With The Most Cake. Russell Brand is the author of My Booky Wook. Keith Richards is the author of Life.", "based_on_pattern": "(Patti Smith)-[author of]->(Just Kids) || (Courtney Love)-[author of]->(The Girl With The Most Cake) || (Russell Brand)-[author of]->(My Booky Wook) || (Keith Richards)-[author of]->(Life)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0634", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "Who is their sibling?", "context": "Hindley is the sibling of Catherine. Isabella is the sibling of Edgar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hindley)-[is sibling of]->(Catherine) || (Isabella)-[is sibling of]->(Edgar)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0635", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "What was the profession of the Portuguese national, Oliveira?", "context": "Oliveira's profession was a Film Director.", "based_on_pattern": "(Oliveira)-[HAS_PROFESSION]->(Film Director)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0636", "coqa_story": "Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 643,016 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans. \n\nSarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts. \n\nDue to its long and rich history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo was sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is the only major European city to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is also home to the Balkans' first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic polytechnic called the Saraybosna Osmanl\u00c4\u00b1 Medrese, today part of the University of Sarajevo. \n\nAlthough settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria that sparked World War I, after which the city experienced a period of stagnation as part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, the constituent republic's capital, which hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics. For 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.", "question": "What was it a part of?", "context": "Sarajevo was part of the Kingdom Of Yugoslavia. The Socialist Republic Of Bosnia And Herzegovina was part of Second Yugoslavia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sarajevo)-[part of]->(Kingdom Of Yugoslavia) || (Socialist Republic Of Bosnia And Herzegovina)-[part of]->(Second Yugoslavia)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0637", "coqa_story": "Two Chinese farmers who became an overnight hit when their heart-rending version of a famous pop song appeared on the Internet took to the stage in front of thousands of fans in Shanghai last Saturday. \n\nWang Xu, 44,and Liu Gang, 29, sang \"In the Spring\" alongside the song's star composer Wang Feng, in front of about 80,000 people at the Shanghai Stadium. The audience buzzed with excitement and let out deafening cheers, the moment as they were introduced on the stage and then when Liu started the first sentence of their parts of the song. \n\nThe two migrant workers became stars after singing the tearjerker song during an evening drinking session in a 6-square-meter rented room in a late August evening. A friend recorded the performance on a cell phone and posted it on the Internet. \n\n\"If someday I am dead, please bury me in the spring,\" they sing. Wang's penetrating chorus, delivered with his eyes closed, has moved thousands to tears. \n\nWang and Liu consider the song a true portrait of lower-class groups like themselves. \"With no credit card, no girlfriend, or a home with hot water, but only a guitar, I am singing happily, on streets, under bridges or in wild country, though nobody pays attention to the music,\" they sing. \n\nTo support his wife and two sons, Wang came to Beijing in 2000 from the countryside and has worked as a boiler man, and street peddler, before becoming a medical warehouse keeper, with a monthly pay of around 1,500 yuan. Little is left after he pays 600 yuan for rent and buys food. \n\nLiu came to Beijing in 2002. \"I wanted to try my luck in the big city, \" he said. He had worked as a guard, roadside peddler, and porter, but never had a stable job. Street performing was his main income, even after he married and became a father three years ago. \n\nWang and Liu are still uncertain where their fame will lead. Wang has started learning to use a computer. They even have a micro blog account to communicate with fans.", "question": "What is his age?", "context": "Wang Xu is 44 years old. Liu Gang is 29 years old.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wang Xu)-[has age]->(44) || (Liu Gang)-[has age]->(29)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0638", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "What social movement are The Rolling Stones identified with?", "context": "The Rolling Stones are identified with the counterculture of the 1960s.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Rolling Stones)-[IDENTIFIED_WITH]->(Counterculture Of The 1960S)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0639", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER III--SOAMES PREPARES TO TAKE STEPS \n\nWhen Soames entered his sister's little Louis Quinze drawing-room, with its small balcony, always flowered with hanging geraniums in the summer, and now with pots of Lilium Auratum, he was struck by the immutability of human affairs. It looked just the same as on his first visit to the newly married Darties twenty-one years ago. He had chosen the furniture himself, and so completely that no subsequent purchase had ever been able to change the room's atmosphere. Yes, he had founded his sister well, and she had wanted it. Indeed, it said a great deal for Winifred that after all this time with Dartie she remained well-founded. From the first Soames had nosed out Dartie's nature from underneath the plausibility, savoir faire, and good looks which had dazzled Winifred, her mother, and even James, to the extent of permitting the fellow to marry his daughter without bringing anything but shares of no value into settlement. \n\nWinifred, whom he noticed next to the furniture, was sitting at her Buhl bureau with a letter in her hand. She rose and came towards him. Tall as himself, strong in the cheekbones, well tailored, something in her face disturbed Soames. She crumpled the letter in her hand, but seemed to change her mind and held it out to him. He was her lawyer as well as her brother. \n\nSoames read, on Iseeum Club paper, these words: \n\n'You will not get chance to insult in my own again. I am leaving country to-morrow. It's played out. I'm tired of being insulted by you. You've brought on yourself. No self-respecting man can stand it. I shall not ask you for anything again. Good-bye. I took the photograph of the two girls. Give them my love. I don't care what your family say. It's all their doing. I'm going to live new life. 'M.D.' ", "question": "What is the professional relationship between Soames and Winifred?", "context": "Soames is the lawyer for Winifred.", "based_on_pattern": "(Soames)-[LAWYER_FOR]->(Winifred)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0640", "coqa_story": "MARIANNA, Florida (CNN) -- Leaning against his cane, Bryant Middleton shuffled toward the makeshift cemetery. Tears welled in his eyes as he leaned down to touch one of the crosses. \n\nBryant Middleton kneels by a row of white crosses on the grounds of a former reform school he attended. \n\n\"This shouldn't be,\" he said. \"This shouldn't be.\" \n\nThirty-one crosses made of tubular steel and painted white line up unevenly in the grass and weeds of what used to be the grounds of a reform school in Marianna, Florida. The anonymous crosses are rusting away but their secrets may soon be exposed. \n\nWhen boys disappeared from the school, administrators explained it away, said former student Roger Kiser. \n\nThey'd say, \"Well, he ran away and the swamp got him,\" Kiser recalled. Or, \"The gators got him.\" Or, 'Water moccasins got him.\" \n\nKiser and other former students believe authorities will soon find the remains of children and teens sent to the Florida School for Boys half a century ago. Watch Middleton kneel by the crosses \u00c2\u00bb \n\nOn the orders of Gov. Charlie Crist, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement last week opened an investigation to determine if anyone is buried here, whether crimes were committed, and if so, who was responsible. \n\nA group of men in their 60s, who once attended the school, have told investigators they believe the bodies are classmates who disappeared after being savagely beaten by administrators and workers. \n\nThe FDLE is just beginning its investigation, so there is no way to know if there is any truth to the allegations. The investigation will be challenging. Finding records and witnesses from nearly half a century ago will be difficult if not impossible. Many of the administrators and employees of the reform school are dead. Read more about the investigation ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Florida School For Boys is located in Marianna. Marianna is located in Florida.", "based_on_pattern": "(Florida School For Boys)-[located in]->(Marianna) || (Marianna)-[located in]->(Florida)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0641", "coqa_story": "Lisbon is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05\u00c2\u00a0km. Its urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 3 million people, being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union. About 3 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (which represents approximately 27% of the country's population). It is continental Europe's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe. \n\nLisbon is recognised as a alpha- level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education and tourism. Lisbon is the only Portuguese city besides Porto to be recognised as a global city. It is one of the major economic centres on the continent, with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe's Atlantic coast. Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually, as of 2015, and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal. The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe, after Rome, Barcelona, Madrid, Athens and Milan, with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009. The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal. Its GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $32,434 per capita .The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world. Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area. It is also the political centre of the country, as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State.", "question": "What is its population?", "context": "Lisbon has a population of 552,700. Lisbon Metropolitan Area has a population of 3 Million.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lisbon)-[has population]->(552,700) || (Lisbon Metropolitan Area)-[has population]->(3 Million)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0642", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Oklahoma State University women's basketball coach Kurt Budke and assistant coach Miranda Serna were killed when their plane crashed on the way to a recruiting trip in Arkansas, university officials said Friday. \n\nFormer Oklahoma state Sen. Olin Branstetter and his wife, Paula, also died in the crash Thursday, university spokesman Gary Schutt said. \n\n\"It's a terribly sad day,\" he said. \n\nThe crash occurred in Perry County, Arkansas, leaving no survivors. \n\nThe plane, a Piper Cherokee PA-28, according to FAA records, crashed under \"unknown circumstances\" in a wooded area about four miles south of Perryville, Arkansas, about 4:30 p.m. CT on Thursday, agency spokesman Lynn Lunsford said Friday. \n\nNo additional information about the crash was immediately available. \n\nThe National Transportation Safety Board has sent investigators to the crash site, the agency said Friday. \n\nBudke and Serna were on a recruiting trip to Little Rock, Arkansas, the university said. \n\n\"For any coaching community to lose bright stars like Kurt and Miranda is tragic,\" NCAA President Mark Emmert said in a statement. \"This is a profound loss for the Oklahoma State women's basketball family, the entire university and future women's basketball players as well.\" \n\nUniversity officials credited Budke for turning the school's women's basketball program around, culminating with a top-10 national ranking and an appearance in the second round of the NCAA tournament last season. He was in his seventh season with the school. \n\n\"Kurt was an exemplary leader and a man of character who had a profound impact on his student-athletes,\" Oklahoma State President Burns Hargis said. \"He was an outstanding coach and a wonderful person. We send our deepest sympathies to his wife, Shelley, and their children, Sara, Alex and Brett.\" ", "question": "What role did Miranda Serna hold at Oklahoma State University?", "context": "Miranda Serna was an assistant coach at Oklahoma State University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Miranda Serna)-[ASSISTANT_COACH_AT]->(Oklahoma State University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0643", "coqa_story": "Bum rate is the speed at which a startup business consumes money. My rate would be $ 50,000 a month when my new media company started. So, I began looking around for individuals who would be my first investors. \"Angel money\" it was called. But when I reviewed my list of acquaintances to find those who might be able to help, I found the number got small. \n\nWith no other choices, I began meeting with the venture-capital companies. But I was warned they took a huge share of your company for the money they put in. And if you struggled, they could drop you cold. \n\nAs I was searching for \"angel money\", I started to build a team who trusted me even though I didn't have money for paychecks yet. \n\nBill Becker was an expert in computer programming and image processing at a very famous Media Lab at M. I.T. With his arrival, my company suddenly had a major technology \"guy\" in-house. \n\nKatherine Henderson, a filmmaker and a former real-estate dealer, joined us as our director of market research. Steve White came on as operating officer. He had worked for the developer of a home-finance software, Quicken. We grabbed him. \n\nWe had some really good people, but we still didn't have enough money. One night, my neighbor, Louise Johnson, came for a visit. She and I were only nodding acquaintances, but her boys and ours were constant companions. She ran a very good business at the time. \n\nLouise was brilliant and missed nothing. She had been watching my progress closely. She knew I was dying for money and I had prospects but could offer no guarantees of success. \n\nShe told me that her attorney had talked to mine and the terms had been agreed upon. She handed me an envelope. Inside was a check for $ 500,000. \n\nI almost fell down. I heard her voice as if from heaven. \n\n\"I have confidence in your plan,\" she said. \"You' 11 do well. You're going to work hard for it, but it' s satisfying when you build your own company.\" \n\nWho would have thought I'd find an angel so close to home? There were no words sufficient for the moment. We just said good night. She left and I just stood there, completely humbled and completely committed.", "question": "What was the monthly burn rate of the New Media Company?", "context": "The New Media Company had a burn rate of $50,000 a month.", "based_on_pattern": "(New Media Company)-[HAD_BURN_RATE]->($50,000 A Month)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0644", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XX. \n\nTHE FIRST EASTERN WAR. \n\n215-183. \n\nScipio remained in Africa till he had arranged matters and won such a claim to Massinissa's gratitude that this king of Numidia was sure to watch over the interests of Rome. Scipio then returned home, and entered Rome with a grand triumph, all the nobler for himself that he did not lead Hannibal in his chains. He had been too generous to demand that so brave an enemy should be delivered up to him. He received the surname of Africanus, and was one of the most respected and beloved of Romans. He was the first who began to take up Greek learning and culture, and to exchange the old Roman ruggedness for the graces of philosophy and poetry. Indeed the Romans were beginning to have much to do with the Greeks, and the war they entered upon now was the first for the sake of spreading their own power. All the former ones had been in self-defence, and the new one did in fact spring out of the Punic war, for the Carthaginians had tried to persuade Philip, king of Macedon, to follow in the track of Pyrrhus, and come and help Hannibal in Southern Italy. The Romans had kept him off by stirring up the robber \u00c3\u2020tolians against him; and when he began to punish these wild neighbors, the Romans leagued themselves with the old Greek cities which Macedon oppressed, and a great war took place. \n\nTitus Quinctius Flaminius commanded in Greece for four years, first as consul and then as proconsul. His crowning victory was at Cynocephal\u00c3\u00a6, or the Dogshead Rocks, where he so broke the strength of Macedon that at the Isthmian games he proclaimed the deliverance of Greece, and in their joy the people crowded round him with crowns and garlands, and shouted so loud that birds in the air were said to have dropped down at the sound. ", "question": "What cultural influences did Scipio adopt?", "context": "Scipio adopted Greek learning and culture.", "based_on_pattern": "(Scipio)-[ADOPTED]->(Greek Learning And Culture)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0645", "coqa_story": "The Canadian Hot 100 is a music industry record chart in Canada for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated June 16, 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada; a new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. \n\nThe chart is similar to \"Billboard\"s US-based Hot 100 in that it combines physical and digital sales as measured by Nielsen SoundScan, streaming activity data provided by online music sources, and radio airplay as measured by Nielsen BDS. Canada's airplay chart is the result of monitoring more than 100 stations representing rock, country, adult contemporary and Top 40 genres. \n\nThe first number-one song of the Canadian Hot 100 was \"Umbrella\" by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z on June 16, 2007. As of the issue for the week ending October 7, 2017, the Canadian Hot 100 has had 117 different number-one hits. The current number-one is \"Rockstar\" by Post Malone featuring 21 Savage. \n\nThe chart was made available for the first time via \"Billboard\" online services on June 7, 2007 (issue dated June 16, 2007). With this launch, it marked the first time that \"Billboard\" created a Hot 100 chart for a country outside the United States. \"Billboard\" charts manager Geoff Mayfield announced the premiere of the chart, explaining \"the new \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 will serve as the definitive measure of Canada's most popular songs, continuing our magazine's longstanding tradition of using the most comprehensive resources available to provide the world's most authoritative music charts.\" The \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 is managed by Paul Tuch, director of Canadian operations for Nielsen BDS, in consultation with Silvio Pietroluongo, \"Billboard\"s associate director of charts and manager of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Hot 100 is located in United States. Canadian Hot 100 is located in Canada.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hot 100)-[located in]->(United States) || (Canadian Hot 100)-[located in]->(Canada)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0646", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "Who is credited with introducing the Armenian Alphabet?", "context": "Mesrop Mashtots is credited with introducing the Armenian Alphabet.", "based_on_pattern": "(Armenian Alphabet)-[INTRODUCED_BY]->(Mesrop Mashtots)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0647", "coqa_story": "Thirty years ago, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights, with two teenaged children Hindley and Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw travels to Liverpool, where he adopts a homeless Gypsy boy, naming him \"Heathcliff\". Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's love and care and becomes bitterly jealous of the newcomer. However, Catherine grows very attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment apart. Because of the conflict , Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of Wuthering Heights, making Heathcliff their servant instead of a family member. Months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are found and try to escape. Catherine is caught by a dog, and then brought inside the Grange to have injuries tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at HeathcIiff's dirty appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to impress her. It fails, however, when Edgar, one of the Lintons' children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears revenge on Hindley. In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies before the year is out. This leads Hindley to fall into a life of drunkenness and waste. Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to visit Catherine. Before long, they declare themselves lovers. Catherine explains to Nelly, her servant, that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff. Unfortunately, she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise Heathcliff's status. Unfortunately, Heathcliff has overheard _ and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married. Six months after their marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown stronger and richer. Catherine is delighted to see him although Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff. He looks down upon her but encourages the adolescent love, seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the Grange, there is an argument with Edgar, which causes Catherine to lock herself in her room and fall ill. Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse to Heathcliff to repay his debts. While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff leaves with Isabella, causing Edgar to disown (......) his sister. The two marry and return two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and arranges to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies. Hindley dies six months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and the guardian of Hareton.", "question": "Who did they marry?", "context": "Edgar marries Catherine. Hindley marries Frances. Catherine marries Edgar. Heathcliff marries Isabella.", "based_on_pattern": "(Edgar)-[marries]->(Catherine) || (Hindley)-[marries]->(Frances) || (Catherine)-[marries]->(Edgar) || (Heathcliff)-[marries]->(Isabella)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0648", "coqa_story": "Phone Soap: Charge and Clean Your Phone \n\nYou may charge your phone every day, but do you clean your phone as much? Whatever your hands touch, your phones touch. It has been discovered that some phones have 18 times more bacteria and viruses than any surface in a public restroom. So it probably won't surprise you that a 2011 University of London study found that one in six of our phones have bacteria and viruses on them--specifically, the bacteria called E. coli. \n\nThe research on bacteria and viruses led to the invention of Phone Soap. It is not actually liquid like dishwasher soap. It is a phone charger that uses the electromagnetic radiation used in hospitals to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses, cleaning your phone while it charges. \n\n\"There are really certain types of bacteria and viruses that we should not be in touch with, and they are really on our phones,\" says Wes Barnes, the Phone Soap co-founder. It all started while his cousin and co-founder, Dan LaPorte, was in his cancer research lab at college. \"He realized he got the idea of getting rid of bacteria and viruses on the phones,\" said Barnes. \"In the lab they used UV-C light for destroying them. He realized this would be the fastest, most powerful way to kill any bacteria and viruses living on electronic machines.\" \n\nPhone Soap looks like a little metal suitcase. Your phone rests in to charge and get cleaned at the same time. Instead of plugging your phone into the wall, you'd plug it into the Phone Soap charger box. The process only takes a few minutes but, Barnes says, \"The idea is that you can leave it in there overnight if you want to keep charging. Reflective paint keeps the light completely around the phone so it cleans the phone fully.\" \n\nThe co-founders spent 2013 finding the right companies and they started shipping the product in late November. By last week's International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Phone Soap was all grown-up. Both co-founders have left their previous jobs and are selling Phone Soap nonstop. \"We're shipping almost more than we can handle each day,\" Barnes says. \"It's been a great adventure.\"", "question": "In which city does the International Consumer Electronics Show take place?", "context": "The International Consumer Electronics Show takes place in Las Vegas.", "based_on_pattern": "(International Consumer Electronics Show)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Las Vegas)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0649", "coqa_story": "Teenagers in the UK and the US get to watch some wonderful TV shows. Why not have a look at a few of them yourself and take the chance to practice your English at the same time? \n\nModern Family \n\nNetwork: ABC \n\nNumber of seasons: 3 \n\nThe TV drama features two families, modern and traditional. The first is a typical American family with 3 adolescent children. Claire is a traditional mom, while Phil, the father, wants to be friends with his three children; he can name all the songs in the hit film High School Musical. \n\nThe second family is made up of a 60- year-old man, Jay, his attractive young Latin American wife, Gloria , and her 11-year-old son, Alex. Jay is 30 years older than Gloria and everyone thinks they are father and daughter. \n\n2 Broke Girls \n\nNetwork: CBS \n\nNumber of seasons: 1 \n\nMax Black is a cafe waitress and babysitter in Brooklyn, New York; Caroline Channing is the daughter of a Manhattan millionaire. \n\nNeither of them ever imagined making friends with the other. But when Caroline loses all of her fortune after her father goes to prison, she applies for a job as a waitress in the same cafe and has to learn from Max. \n\nProblems are unavoidable, but luckily, kind-hearted girls can always make things work out. They turn out to be great at helping each other out in their endless struggle against strange customers and picky bosses. Gradually a friendship develops. \n\nTrue Blood \n\nNetwork: HBO \n\nNumber of seasons: 4 \n\nVampires live on in countless books, movies and television shows. If the Twilight series got you interested in vampire myths, then look no further than True Blood for another exciting adventure. Sookie Statckhouse is a small-town waitress. She is also telepathic . A meet with Bill Compton in a bar turns her life upside down. Bill is a vampire and that night Sookie saves him from a murder attempt. Sookie then becomes involved in a series of murder cases. The love between Sookie and Bill adds a touch of romance to a thrilling story. \n\nMerlin \n\nNetwork: BBC \n\nNumber of seasons:4 \n\nKing Arthur is one of the most important mythical figures in England. But the BBC tells a slightly different story from the legend. Instead of focusing on Arthur, it is Merlin, the wizard who helps Arthur all the way through his adventures, who takes the lead role. Rather than the wise old wizard who instructs Arthur in the legend, the TV dram turns him into a handsome young man. Merlin meets Arthur in the kingdom of Camelot and believes that he is an arrogant bully . Arthur, likewise, has a less than great opinion of Merlin. The series focuses on how a friendship grows between the two.", "question": "What is he?", "context": "Bill Compton is a Vampire. Merlin is a Wizard.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bill Compton)-[is a]->(Vampire) || (Merlin)-[is a]->(Wizard)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0650", "coqa_story": "Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2016, Madison's estimated population of 252,551 made it the second largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 82nd largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties. The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593. \n\nFounded in 1829 on an isthmus between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota, Madison was named the capital of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and became the capital of the state of Wisconsin when it was admitted to the Union in 1848. That same year, the University of Wisconsin was founded in Madison and the state government and university have become the city's two largest employers. The city is also known for its lakes, restaurants, and extensive network of parks and bike trails, with much of the park system designed by landscape architect John Nolen. \n\nSince the 1960s, Madison has been a center of political liberalism, influenced in part by the presence of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. \n\nMadison's origins begin in 1829, when former federal judge James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres (4\u00c2\u00a0km\u00c2\u00b2) of swamp and forest land on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, with the intention of building a city in the Four Lakes region. He purchased 1,261 acres for $1,500. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to select a permanent location for the territory's capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and promising choice Madison lots at discount prices to undecided voters. He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and \"The City of Four Lakes\", near present-day Middleton.", "question": "What type of geographical landform is Madison located on?", "context": "Madison is located on an isthmus.", "based_on_pattern": "(Madison)-[LOCATED_ON]->(Isthmus)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0651", "coqa_story": "Doctor Manette had suddenly disappeared. Everything was done to discover some trace of him, but in vain. The loss of her husband caused his wife such pain that she decided to bring up her little daughter, Lucie, in ignorance of her father's fate, and when in two years she died she left little Lucie under the guardianship of Mr. Lorry. After eighteen years, strange news concerning the doctor had just come from Paris. Mr. Lorry, told Lucie, \"your father has been found. He is alive, greatly changed, but alive. He has been taken to the house of a former servant in Paris, and we are going there.\" On arrival, the banker and Lucie were taken to an attic, where a haggard , white-haired man sat on a low bench, making shoes. He was sheltered by a man by the name of Defarge who, with his wife, kept a wine-shop in the district of St. Antoine. Charles Darnay was of noble birth; but his ancestors had for many years so cruelly oppressed the French peasants that the name of Evremonde was hated and looked down upon. Unlike them in character, this last descendant of his race had given up his name and wealth and had come to England as a private gentleman, eager to begin a new life. Sydney Carton was a young English lawyer. _ soon became frequent visitors at the small house in Soho Square, the home of Doctor Manette and his daughter. Through Lucie's care and devotion, the doctor had almost completely recovered from the effects of his long imprisonment, and it was only in times of strong excitement that any trace of his past foolish behaviors could be discovered. The sweet face of Lucie Manette soon won the hearts of both the young men, but it was Darnay to whom she gave her love. They married. The French Revolution had actually begun and in 1792 Mr. Lorry and Charles Darnay landed in Paris, the former to protect the French branch of Tellson & Co. and the latter to help an old family servant -Gabelle-who had begged his help. Not until they had set foot in Paris did they realize what a caldron of fury they had been involved in. Mr. Lorry, on account of his business relations, was allowed his freedom, but Darnay was hurried at once to the prison of La Force, there to wait for his trial. The reason given for this outrage was the new law for the arrest of all returning French emigrants , but the true cause was that he had been recognized as Charles Evremonde. Doctor Manette, going to France with Lucie, gained a promise that Darnay's life should be spared. At last came the terrible year of the Reign of Terror. The sympathy which at first had been given to Doctor Manette had become weakened through the influence of Mrs. Defarge. Also, there had been found in the ruins of the Bastille a paper which contained Doctor Manette's account of his imprisonment, and pronouncing a curse upon the House of Evremonde and their descendants, who were responsible for his eighteen years of misery. Charles Darnay's fate was sealed. \"Death within twenty-four hours.\" To Sydney Carton, who had followed his friends to Paris, came an inspiration. He once promised Lucie that he would die to save a life she loved. He managed to gain admission to the prison; Darnay was removed unconscious from the cell, and Carton sat down to wait for his fate. Along the Paris streets six tumbrels were carrying the day's wine to La Guillotine. In the third car sat a young man with his hands tied. As the cries from the street arose against him, they only move him to a quiet smile as he shook more loosely his hair about his face. Crash! A head is held up. The third cart came up, and the supposed Evremonde came down. His lips move, forming the words, \"a life you love.\"", "question": "Which family is Charles Darnay a descendant of?", "context": "Charles Darnay is a descendant of the Evremonde family.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Darnay)-[DESCENDANT_OF]->(Evremonde)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0652", "coqa_story": "Pacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping . And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in -- and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. That's why slight differences in conversational style -- tiny little things like microseconds of pause -- can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this cause was a judgment of psychological problems -- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for _ training.", "question": "Where is she from?", "context": "Woman From The Southwestern Part Of The Us is from Southwestern Part Of The Us. Sara is from United States. Betty is from United Kingdom.", "based_on_pattern": "(Woman From The Southwestern Part Of The Us)-[is from]->(Southwestern Part Of The Us) || (Sara)-[is from]->(United States) || (Betty)-[is from]->(United Kingdom)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0653", "coqa_story": "Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, England. It is a division of Thomson Reuters. \n\nUntil 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. Reuters transmits news in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Urdu, and Chinese. It was established in 1851. \n\nThe Reuter agency was established in 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter in Britain at the London Royal Exchange. Paul Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions in 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen. \n\nUpon moving to England, he founded Reuter's Telegram Company in 1851. Headquartered in London, the company initially covered commercial news, serving banks, brokerage houses, and business firms. The first newspaper client to subscribe was the London \"Morning Advertiser\" in 1858. Afterwards more newspapers signed up, with \"Britannica Encyclopedia\" writing that \"the value of Reuters to newspapers lay not only in the financial news it provided but in its ability to be the first to report on stories of international importance.\" Reuter's agency built a reputation in Europe and the rest of the world as the first to report news scoops from abroad. Reuters was the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe, for instance, in 1865. In 1872, Reuters expanded into the far east, followed by South America in 1874. Both expansions were made possible by advances in overland telegraphs and undersea cables. In 1883, Reuters began transmitting messages electrically to London newspapers.", "question": "What is the story of its establishment?", "context": "Reuters was established in 1851. Paul Julius Reuter was established in Britain.", "based_on_pattern": "(Reuters)-[established in]->(1851) || (Paul Julius Reuter)-[established in]->(Britain)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0654", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "Of whom was it a secondary language?", "context": "Old French was the secondary language of Cilician Nobility. Italian was the secondary language of Cilician Commerce.", "based_on_pattern": "(Old French)-[secondary language of]->(Cilician Nobility) || (Italian)-[secondary language of]->(Cilician Commerce)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0655", "coqa_story": "Beloved teacher Michael Landsberry, a former Marine, died a hero at Sparks Middle School in Nevada on Monday in another tragic campus shooting. \n\nThe 45-year-old was killed while trying to talk to the unidentified 12-year-old gunman, who later killed himself. \n\n\"He was telling him to stop and put the gun down,\" student Jose Cazares told Today on Tuesday. \"Then the kid, he yelled out, 'No!' Like, he was yelling at him, and he shot him. The teacher was calm, he was holding out his hand like, 'Put the gun in my hand.' \" \n\nStudents, parents and fellow teachers are calling Landsberry's actions heroic. Tom Robinson, vice chief with the Reno Police Department, also praised him, saying, \"In my estimation, he is a hero. We do know he was trying to intervene (,).\" \n\nLandsberry, who went by the nickname Batman, and coached sports teams at the middle school and neighboring high school, was remembered fondly on social media by many students. \n\n\"It's just so sad knowing he left because he protected his students,\" one of the posts said, followed by another that read, \"The sad part is this week it's his and his wife's anniversary and his daughter graduates from the military tomorrow.\" \n\nCNN reports that two students who were wounded by the shooter - who used a Ruger 9 mm semi-automatic handgun - are currently in stable condition in hospital. \n\nAuthorities will not be releasing the identity of the shooter out of respect for his parents, but schoolmate Amaya Newton was shocked by his actions, calling the gunman \"a really nice kid,\" adding, \"He would make you smile when you were having a bad day.\" \n\n\"Everybody wants to know why the shooter opened fire,\" Sparks vice chief Tom Miller said at a news conference. \"That's the big question. The answer is we don't know right now, but we are trying to determine why.\"", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Tom Miller works for Sparks. Tom Robinson works for Reno Police Department.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tom Miller)-[works for]->(Sparks) || (Tom Robinson)-[works for]->(Reno Police Department)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0656", "coqa_story": "Soccer star David Beckham will be there with his pop star wife Victoria. Elton John is attending with partner David Furnish. \n\nThe guest list for the April 29 union of Prince William and Kate Middleton is still being kept secret, but details have begun to leak out, with some coming forward to say they are attending and the Mail on Sunday newspaper claiming to have the official invitation roster . \n\nThe palace dismissed the newspaper's list as speculation Sunday. \n\nIt won't be clear until the day how the royal couple has balanced the protocol demands that they invite statesmen, diplomats, religious leaders, politicians and the like with invitations to the people they really want to see, particularly the crowd they made friends with when they met and fell in love at St. Andrews University in Scotland. \n\nKate Reardon, editor of high-society magazine Tatler, said many _ Britons acted as if they didn't really care about receiving an invitation while secretly checking the mail every day to see if the invitation had arrived. \n\n\"Everyone's been hoping,\" she said. \n\nWilliam and Middleton have showed their modern side by inviting a number of close friends, including some former sweethearts, the newspaper said. \n\nThe wedding is not technically a state event, which somewhat limits the protocol requirements applied to the guest list. But royal obligations still order that a large number of the 1,900 or so seats go to guests from the world of politics, not actual friends of the couple. \n\nThe couple have also invited many guests from the charities they work with, and Middleton has used her influence to invite the butcher, shopkeeper and pub owner from her home village of Bucklebury. \n\nPresident Barack Obama and his wife Michelle were not invited and many other international leaders are also expected to be watching on TV, not from a seat at Westminster Abbey. \n\nIt is not clear if treasured Brits from the world of stage and screen and pop music will be on the list.", "question": "Which university did both Prince William and Kate Middleton attend?", "context": "Both Prince William and Kate Middleton attended St. Andrews University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Prince William)-[ATTENDED]->(St. Andrews University) || (Kate Middleton)-[ATTENDED]->(St. Andrews University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0657", "coqa_story": "Passage 1 Mobile Phone Madness How much do you love your mobile phone? A Chinese student had to call 110 for help this week after he got his arm stuck in a toilet trying to rescue his mobile phone. After dropping his phone in the toilet, he decided to wrap(,) his arm in newspaper in the hopes of keeping clean. But the newspapers became larger in size in the water, and then even his roommates couldn't help him pull his arm out. So policemen were called and they spent an hour unsticking the stuck student. Passage 2 Crazy Pet Lovers How much do you love your pets? Many people in China are famous for how much they love their pets. They dress them up in fashionable clothing and buy them high quality food. But would they spend 7,000 English pounds (68,000 yuan) on a wedding for their pets? And that's what a couple in Brazil spent on a fancy wedding for their pet Yorkshire terriers( a kind of dog). Passage 3 Oh, rats! When something goes wrong, you can often hear Westerners cry \"Oh, rats\". But when it comes to Southern China, \"Oh, rats!\" can mean it's what you want for dinner. According to a report in China Daily, some restaurants in Guangzhou serve rat meat. But, actually, most of those rats are field mice. What would Mickey Mouse say? Passage 4 Liar , liar Here's some news that most women already know. Men tell more lies than women. The London Daily Mail cites a new study that says men tell about three lies a day, while women tell only two lies a day. Men are also less likely to feel guilty about lying, according to this week's survey of 3,000 people by a research organization called One Poll. According to the Poll, lying to our mothers is very popular. But then, so is lying at work. And both men and women will lie when it comes to how much they've drunk. So how easy is it to tell when someone is lying?", "question": "What do they own?", "context": "Chinese Student owns Mobile Phone. Couple owns Yorkshire Terriers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chinese Student)-[owns]->(Mobile Phone) || (Couple)-[owns]->(Yorkshire Terriers)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0658", "coqa_story": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u00e2\u20ac\u201c60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350\u00e2\u20ac\u201c375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century. \n\nThe plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338\u00e2\u20ac\u201c39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "question": "What was it carried by?", "context": "Black Death was carried by Oriental Rat Fleas. Fleas were carried by Ground Rodents.", "based_on_pattern": "(Black Death)-[carried by]->(Oriental Rat Fleas) || (Fleas)-[carried by]->(Ground Rodents)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0659", "coqa_story": "Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years.One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out and travels alone, according to new research. \n\nBy contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out. \n\nMore women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures.Men are more likely to rank \"having fun\" higher on their list of _ .Women are more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people. \n\nThe more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed have reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience. \n\nThe research also shows that women are more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects.One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light. \n\nA greater proportion of women than men face objections or criticism from their families over their gapyear plans.Among the men surveyed, lack of money is the main barrier to travel. \n\nCarolyn Martin, a doctor from London,is a typically confident female traveller.Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs. \n\n\"I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan,\" she recalled.\"It was OK but one day I did get chased by one.\" \n\nShe said that she had travelled alone because \"you meet more people\".", "question": "They have different travel habits, but what do they visit?", "context": "Female Backpackers visit more than three countries. Male Counterparts visit one country.", "based_on_pattern": "(Female Backpackers)-[visits]->(More Than Three Countries) || (Male Counterparts)-[visits]->(One Country)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0660", "coqa_story": "The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front. \n\nPlanning for the operation began in 1943. In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted a substantial military deception, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. The weather on D-Day was far from ideal, but postponing would have meant a delay of at least two weeks, as the invasion planners had requirements for the phase of the moon, the tides, and the time of day that meant only a few days in each month were deemed suitable. Adolf Hitler placed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in command of German forces and of developing fortifications along the Atlantic Wall in anticipation of an Allied invasion. \n\nThe amphibious landings were preceded by extensive aerial and naval bombardment and an airborne assault\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe landing of 24,000 American, British, and Canadian airborne troops shortly after midnight. Allied infantry and armoured divisions began landing on the coast of France at 06:30. The target stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. Strong winds blew the landing craft east of their intended positions, particularly at Utah and Omaha. The men landed under heavy fire from gun emplacements overlooking the beaches, and the shore was mined and covered with obstacles such as wooden stakes, metal tripods, and barbed wire, making the work of the beach-clearing teams difficult and dangerous. Casualties were heaviest at Omaha, with its high cliffs. At Gold, Juno, and Sword, several fortified towns were cleared in house-to-house fighting, and two major gun emplacements at Gold were disabled, using specialised tanks.", "question": "Along which major defensive line was Erwin Rommel in command of the fortifications?", "context": "Erwin Rommel was in command of the fortifications along the Atlantic Wall.", "based_on_pattern": "(Erwin Rommel)-[IN_COMMAND_OF_FORTIFICATIONS_ALONG]->(Atlantic Wall)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0661", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "What was his profession?", "context": "Bram Stoker had the profession of a Civil Servant. Henry Irving had the profession of a Stage Actor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bram Stoker)-[has profession]->(Civil Servant) || (Henry Irving)-[has profession]->(Stage Actor)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0662", "coqa_story": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade \u00e2\u20ac\u201c this war on terrorism \u00e2\u20ac\u201c is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\" \n\nU.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated \"Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.\" In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from \"Global War on Terror\" to \"Overseas Contingency Operation\" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using \"Overseas Contingency Operation\". Basic objectives of the Bush administration \"war on terror\", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been \"effectively destroyed\", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is \"to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America\"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from \"Overseas Contingency Operations\" to \"Countering Violent Extremism\" in 2010.", "question": "When did he speak?", "context": "Barack Obama spoke on May 2013. George W. Bush spoke on 16 September 2001. Jeh Johnson spoke on December 2012.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[spoke on]->(May 2013) || (George W. Bush)-[spoke on]->(16 September 2001) || (Jeh Johnson)-[spoke on]->(December 2012)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0663", "coqa_story": "A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office,a street urchin was walking around the shining car.\"Is this your car,Paul?\"he asked. \n\nPaul answered,\"Yes,my brother gave it to me for Christmas.\" The boy was surprised.\"You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing?Boy,I wish...\" He hesitated. \n\nOf course Paul knew what he was going to wish for.He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly. \n\n\"I wish,\" the boy went on,\"that I could be a brother like that.\" Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, \"Would you like to take a ride in my car?\" \n\n\"Oh yes,I'd love that.\" \n\nAfter a short ride,the boy turned and with his eyes shining,said,\"Paul,would you mind driving in front of my house?\" \n\nPaul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. \"Will you stop where those two steps are?\" the boy asked. \n\nHe ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car. \n\n\"There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it...then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.\" \n\nPaul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride. \n\n:urchin hesitate neighbour crippled cent", "question": "Who is his brother?", "context": "Paul has a brother, Paul'S Brother. Street Urchin has a brother, Buddy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul)-[has brother]->(Paul'S Brother) || (Street Urchin)-[has brother]->(Buddy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0664", "coqa_story": "What Is Today's American Dream \n\nThey may not have called it the American Dream, but for centuries people have gone to America in search of freer, happier, and richer lives. But is today's American Dream a mythical concept or still a reality? \n\nIsabel Belarsky's tiny Brooklyn apartment fills with the sound of her father's voice. Sidor Belarsky sings an Aria in Russian and 90-year-old Isabel, her lips painted an elegant red, sways gently to the song coming from her stereo. \n\nIsabel speaks with pride about her father's talent and his success as an opera singer: Albert Einstein was such a fan she says that he invited Sidor to accompany him on his speaking engagements and would ask him to sing to the audience. \n\nHow the Belarskys came to be in America is an extraordinary tale that Isabel loves to tell. It was the offer of a six-month job by a Mormon college president, who had seen Sidor singing in Leningrad, that enabled the Belarskys to escape from Stalin's Russia in 1930. \"Our dream was being in America,\" Isabel says. \"They loved it. My mother could never think of Russia, it was her enemy and my father, he made such a wonderful career here.\" \n\nLike generations of immigrants before them, the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom--to them the American Dream meant liberty. But Isabel says it promised even more. \"The dream is to work, to have a home and to get ahead. You can start as a janitor and become the owner of the building.\" \n\nThe American Dream is not written into the constitution but it is so ingrained in the national psyche that it might as well be. Many point to the second sentence in the Declaration of Independence--the \"certain unalienable rights\" that include \"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness\" as the \"official\" version of the phrase. But it was actually in 1931 that the term was popularized, when historian James Truslow Adams wrote in The Epic of America that the Dream means \"a better, richer, and happier life for all our citizens of every rank\". \n\nThe concept of the American Dream has not stayed static. For European immigrants, like Isabel, fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century, the Dream was about a life without persecution. \n\nBut somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed. As America's post war economy boomed, the new arrivals wanted more than freedom--they wanted a share of the prosperity as well. \n\nIn the 1950s, TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances. The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola. As the century wore on, the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side. Dallas and Dynasty suggested this was a country where it was possible to become not just rich, but filthily rich. \n\nCheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America. She arrived in New York from the Caribbean seven years ago. Having watched endless American TV shows as a child, she thought she knew what to expect when her family moved to Brooklyn. Instead, the deprivation of one of New York's poorest neighbourhoods shocked her. \n\n\"I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television,\" she says. Like Cheyanne, 18-year-old Franscisco Curiel is also ambitious. He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education. \"The system is broken; we can't get the superior education that they supposedly want to give us,\" he says. \n\nThrough the centuries America's immigrants have endured terrible hardship and sacrifice so that they and their children can get ahead. Perhaps it's not surprising to hear the members of the Bushwick youth group lament the multiple, low paid jobs that their parents must do simply to get the rent paid and put food on the table. What is startling is that these bright, ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream.", "question": "Where are they from?", "context": "Franscisco Curiel is from Mexico City. Cheyanne Smith is from the Caribbean.", "based_on_pattern": "(Franscisco Curiel)-[from location]->(Mexico City) || (Cheyanne Smith)-[from location]->(Caribbean)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0665", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at the age of 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. \"As long as it works\", he said in 1991, \"I'll continue to do those commercials.\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. \"He fed me,\" Thomas said, \"and if I got out of line, he'd beat me.\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. \"I thought if I owned a restaurant,\" he said, \"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales. \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed. \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friend Pat Williams. \"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker . _ .\"", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Kalamazoo is located in Michigan. Columbus is located in Ohio. Coconut Creek High School is located in Florida.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kalamazoo)-[located in]->(Michigan) || (Columbus)-[located in]->(Ohio) || (Coconut Creek High School)-[located in]->(Florida)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0666", "coqa_story": "Michael Jackson fans are coming a Chicago museum to see a 3,000 year old Egyptian statue which looks remarkably like the late king of pop. Staff have been since Jackson's death as thousands of mourners visit the exhibition to pay tribute to the star. The statue has skinny cheeks and - most strikingly - a tipless nose. It is on display at the Ancient Egypt exhibition at The Field Museum in the United States. The bust was bought in Cairo in 1889 and has been on display at the museum for 21 years. But its popularity has risen rapidly since Michael Jackson's death after fans started writing about the ancient statue on internet blogs. The bust was carved during the New Kingdom Period, which ran between 1550 BC to 1050 BC. This was around the same time as famous Egyptians Ramesses and King Tut. The museum's 4,500 daily visitors are banned from touching or kissing the statue, which is protected behind a glass screen. Astonished fans stand admiring the statue and discussing its likeness with others who have travelled to see it. Darnell Williams, the director of guest relations, said some fans were treating a visit to the museum like a pilgrimage . He said: \"The statue has been here for years but interest has been raised since Michael Jackson's death. People are coming from all over the country to see the statue and compare its likeness to the king of pop. \"They want to touch and kiss the model like it is some sort of God but it is behind a screen to protect it from damage. Once people see it they are astounded and can't stop talking about its likeness. It really is remarkable.\" James Phillips, manager of near east and north African exhibits, said little was known about the origins of the model. He said: \"The likeness is astonishing but I think it is probably a coincidence. We do not believe Michael Jackson ever visited the museum or saw the exhibit and there is therefore little chance he based his image on it. We believe the model is missing a nose because early Christians or Muslims removed noses from paintings and models to make them non-human.", "question": "Which historical period was the Egyptian Statue created in?", "context": "The Egyptian Statue was created during the New Kingdom Period.", "based_on_pattern": "(Egyptian Statue)-[CREATED_DURING]->(New Kingdom Period)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0667", "coqa_story": "Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, the largest in Germany. Cologne is about 45\u00c2\u00a0km southwest of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of Dusseldorf and 25\u00c2\u00a0km northwest of Bonn. \n\nCologne is located on both sides of the Rhine, near Germany's borders with Belgium and the Netherlands. The city's famous Cologne Cathedral (\"K\u00c3\u00b6lner Dom\") is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne (\"Universit\u00c3\u00a4t zu K\u00c3\u00b6ln\") is one of Europe's oldest and largest universities. \n\nCologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman \"Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium\", from which it gets its name. \"Cologne\", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of \"Germania Inferior\" and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. During the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. Prior to World War II the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (1918\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1926). Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, with the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping of bombs on the city. The bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many historic buildings as possible, the successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Cologne Cathedral is located in Cologne. Cologne is located in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cologne Cathedral)-[located in]->(Cologne) || (Cologne)-[located in]->(Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0668", "coqa_story": "Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223). \n\nThe code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u20308,9) The \"space\" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203010 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203014 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238\u00e2\u20ac\u2030\u00c2\u00a7\u00e2\u20ac\u203018 The digits 0\u00e2\u20ac\u201c9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.", "question": "According to the grouping system, what are the Control Codes grouped separately from?", "context": "The Control Codes are grouped separately from the Graphic Codes.", "based_on_pattern": "(Control Codes)-[GROUPED_SEPARATELY_FROM]->(Graphic Codes)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0669", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police said authorities Friday took a fourth person into custody in their ongoing investigation into domestic terrorism. \n\nThe RCMP said its Integrated National Security Enforcement Team executed a search warrant in Ottawa and took one person into custody. No charges have been filed. \n\nEarlier Friday, a Canadian government source close to the investigation said the three men arrested previously \"are not card-carrying members of al Qaeda but they follow in the movement and show common trends.\" \n\nRCMP Chief Superintendent Serge Therriault said Thursday the three suspects are Canadian citizens living in Ontario -- Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh, 30, of Ottawa; Misbahuddin Ahmed, 26, of Ottawa; and Khurram Syed Sher, 28, of London. \n\nThe name of the suspect arrested Friday has not been released. \n\nAlizadeh faces three charges: conspiracy, committing an act for a terrorist group and providing or making available property for terrorist purposes. Canadian federal prosecutor David McKercher told CNN the three charges carry maximum sentences ranging from ten years to life in prison. \n\nAhmed has been charged with conspiracy, but he could face more charges, according to his defense attorney. Ian Carter told CNN he met with Ahmed for half an hour. Asked how the suspect was feeling, Carter said, \"He is in shock.\" Ahmed is married and has a 7-month-old daughter. \n\nSher also is charged with conspiracy, officials said. \n\nThe RCMP said the three suspects were arrested under Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act, passed in 2001. \n\nTherriault said that a yearlong investigation found that in addition to forming part of a terror cell, the suspects possessed schematics, videos, drawings, instructions, books and electrical components designed specifically for the construction of improvised explosive devices. He said authorities seized more than 50 circuit boards designed to remotely detonate IEDs. ", "question": "What is his age?", "context": "Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh is 30 years old. Misbahuddin Ahmed is 26 years old. Khurram Syed Sher is 28 years old.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hiva Mohammad Alizadeh)-[has age]->(30) || (Misbahuddin Ahmed)-[has age]->(26) || (Khurram Syed Sher)-[has age]->(28)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0670", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IX. \n\nCOUSINS. \n\n\"Come in,\" called Beth, answering a knock at her door. \n\nLouise entered, and with a little cry ran forward and caught Beth in her arms, kissing her in greeting. \n\n\"You must be my new cousin--Cousin Elizabeth--and I'm awfully glad to see you at last!\" she said, holding the younger girl a little away, that she might examine her carefully. \n\nBeth did not respond to the caress. She eyed her opponent sharply, for she knew well enough, even in that first moment, that they were engaged in a struggle for supremacy in Aunt Jane's affections, and that in the battles to come no quarter could be asked or expected. \n\nSo they stood at arm's length, facing one another and secretly forming an estimate each of the other's advantages and accomplishments. \n\n\"She's pretty enough, but has no style whatever,\" was Louise's conclusion. \"Neither has she tact nor self-possession, or even a prepossessing manner. She wears her new gown in a dowdy manner and one can read her face easily. There's little danger in this quarter, I'm sure, so I may as well be friends with the poor child.\" \n\nAs for Beth, she saw at once that her \"new cousin\" was older and more experienced in the ways of the world, and therefore liable to prove a dangerous antagonist. Slender and graceful of form, attractive of feature and dainty in manner, Louise must be credited with many advantages; but against these might be weighed her evident insincerity--the volubility and gush that are so often affected to hide one's real nature, and which so shrewd and suspicious a woman as Aunt Jane could not fail to readily detect. Altogether, Beth was not greatly disturbed by her cousin's appearance, and suddenly realizing that they had been staring at one another rather rudely, she said, pleasantly enough: ", "question": "Who is she a cousin of?", "context": "Beth is a cousin of Louise. Louise is a cousin of Beth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beth)-[is cousin of]->(Louise) || (Louise)-[is cousin of]->(Beth)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0671", "coqa_story": "Women had a significant part to play during World War II,which was the time when women also made their own contributions.Some women's great efforts and their names have been recorded in history.Here's a look at some of the strong figures of women in World War II. \n\nTatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born in Glazov of Russia on December 12,1919.In 1943,she was sent to the Central Women's Sniper Training School and upon her graduation in April,she was further sent to the front.She managed to kill around 16 enemies in the first three months!Unfortunately,she was captured by the enemies and was killed on the fifth of July in 1944.Today,the street where she grew up has been renamed in her memory. \n\nAnne Frank was a Germanborn Jewish girl who was wellknown for the publication of her diary that described all her experiences when the Germans occupied Holland in World War II.Anne was born on June 12,1929 and she,along with her family,went into hiding in July 1942.Two years later,her family was captured and seven months from her arrest,Anne Frank died of illness in early March 1945. \n\nMargaret Ringenberg was born on 17 June,1921,in Indiana of America.She began her career during World War II when she became a ferry pilot for the Women Airforce Service Pilots.After that she turned a flight instructor in 1945.She even wrote her own book named Girls Can't Be Pilots.She passed away on 28 July,2008,after flying for 40,000 hours in the air. \n\nHannah Szenes was born on 17th July,1921 and was trained to parachute by the British army into Yugoslavia during World War II.This task was given in order to save the Jews of Hungary.Her secret mission was not revealed even when she was tortured following her arrest at the Hungarian border.Hannah Szenes had to brave immense tortures,yet she did not lose heart.She bravely battled it out and tried to sing to keep her spirits high!She also kept a record of events in her diary till 7th November,1944,when she was finally killed. \n\nThese names are just a few of the women who played a significant part in World War II.Their stories go a long way in showing the kind of lifestyles they led and their struggles and sacrifices.", "question": "When was she born?", "context": "Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina was born on December 12,1919. Margaret Ringenberg was born on June 17, 1921. Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929. Hannah Szenes was born on July 17, 1921.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tatiana Nikolaevna Baramzina)-[born on]->(December 12,1919) || (Margaret Ringenberg)-[born on]->(June 17, 1921) || (Anne Frank)-[born on]->(June 12, 1929) || (Hannah Szenes)-[born on]->(July 17, 1921)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0672", "coqa_story": "Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens: \n\nOne way of proving that a given disease is \"infectious\", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).", "question": "For which disease were Koch's Postulates used to discover the cause?", "context": "Koch's Postulates were used to discover the cause of Tuberculosis.", "based_on_pattern": "(Koch'S Postulates)-[USED_TO_DISCOVER_CAUSE_OF]->(Tuberculosis)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0673", "coqa_story": "In a surprising result, the No. 69 Middle School girls' football team yesterday beat their school's boys' team. The boys' team often helped the girls with their training . They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4 -- 3. After the game, Wu Nai, head of the boys' team, was very unhappy. \"We all thought this would be an easy game,\" he said. \"We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the saddest day of my life. \" But Mr Hu, the boys' PE teacher, said he thought the girls should win. \"The boys were too confident ,\" he said. \"I told them before the match that they needed to play well. They all thought that girls' football was a joke. Now they know better. They didn't play carefully, and they lost.\" The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2 - 0. Their best player, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the mid-field player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only the second minute of the match. After the first half hour, the boys seemed to become too confident. At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous , but then they became more and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin made the score 2 - 1. In the second half, the boys were the first to score. It was from Lu Ming. After that the boys became lazy, but the girls kept on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th minute, to make the score 3 -- 2. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the last score 4-3. It was a surprising finish. The girls' PE teacher, Miss Wang, was very pleased with their work. \"They were great!\" She said. \"I told them they could win. I told them that the most important thing was teamwork. The boys' team had some good players, but my girls were a better team!\"", "question": "How did the No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team assist the No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team?", "context": "The No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team assisted the No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team by helping with their training.", "based_on_pattern": "(No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team)-[HELPED_WITH_TRAINING]->(No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0674", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who is he the father of?", "context": "Rufus Johnson'S Father is father of Rufus Johnson. Sheppard is father of Norton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rufus Johnson'S Father)-[is father of]->(Rufus Johnson) || (Sheppard)-[is father of]->(Norton)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0675", "coqa_story": "Hong Kong (CNN) -- The world watched, as the London 2012 Olympic Games opened with director Danny Boyle's elaborate ode to England, and furiously tapped their reaction on social media. \n\nBut one comment on Twitter has sparked a political fracas on the home soil of the games, as a British member of Parliament lamented the \"multi-cultural crap\" of the \u00c2\u00a327 million ($42.4 million) ceremony. \n\nEntitled \"Isle of Wonder,\" Boyle -- the Oscar-winning director best known for hit movies \"Trainspotting\" and \"Slumdog Millionaire\" -- put together a star-studded on-field dramatization that drew on Shakespeare and Brit Pop to chart Britain from its pastoral roots through the Industrial Revolution to James Bond, Harry Potter and the Beatles. \n\n\"The most leftie opening ceremony I have ever seen -- more than Beijing, the capital of a communist state! Welfare tribute next?\" wrote Aidan Burley, a Conservative Party MP who was fired as a ministerial aide in David Cameron's government after revelations he attended a Nazi-themed stag party in France last year. \n\n\"Thank God the athletes have arrived! Now we can move on from leftie multi-cultural crap. Bring back red arrows, Shakespeare and the Stones!\" he added minutes later. \n\nBurley backpedaled after the strong online backlash against his comments, posting: \"Seems my tweet has been misunderstood. I was talking about the way it was handled in the show, not multiculturalism itself.\" \n\nQueen opens the London 2012 Olympics \n\nThere was a great deal of comparison being drawn between the London ceremony and the 2008 Beijing Olympics. @legallyblondekf wrote: \"Ha! London sees your zillion drummers drumming in unison and raises you a deaf drummer. Your move China,\" referring to deaf Scottish percussionist Evelyn Glennie leading drummers during the London ceremony. ", "question": "From which government was Aidan Burley fired?", "context": "Aidan Burley was fired from David Cameron's Government.", "based_on_pattern": "(Aidan Burley)-[FIRED_FROM]->(David Cameron'S Government)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0676", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "Who did he experiment on?", "context": "Ralph Steinman experimented on Ralph Steinman. Barry Marshall experimented on Barry Marshall. Werner Forssmann experimented on Werner Forssmann.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ralph Steinman)-[experimented on]->(Ralph Steinman) || (Barry Marshall)-[experimented on]->(Barry Marshall) || (Werner Forssmann)-[experimented on]->(Werner Forssmann)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0677", "coqa_story": "When elephants retire, many head for the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tenn. They arrive one by one, but they tend to live out their lives two-by-two. \"Every elephant that comes here searches out someone that she then spends most all of her time with,\" says sanctuary co-founder Carol Buckley. It's likely having a best girlfriend, Buckley says - \"Somebody they can relate to, they have something in common with.\" \n\nDebbie has Ronnie. Misty can't live without Dulary. _ But perhaps the closest friends of all are Tarra and Bella. Tarra, an 8,700 pound Asian elephant; Bella, a stray dog, are closest friends. \n\nBella is one of more than a dozen stray dogs that have found a home at the sanctuary. Most want nothing to do with the elephants and vice versa. But not this odd couple. \"Bella knows she's not an elephant. Tarra knows she's not a dog,\" Buckley adds. \"But that's not a problem for them.\" \"When it's time to eat they both eat together. They drink together. They sleep together. They play together,\" Buckley says. \n\nTarra and Bella have been close for years -- but no one really knew how close they were until recently. A few months ago Bella suffered a spinal cord injury. She couldn't move her legs, couldn't even wag her tail. For three weeks the dog lay motionless up in the sanctuary office. And for three weeks the elephant held vigil: 2,700 acres to roam free, and Tarra just stood in the corner, beside a gate, right outside that sanctuary office. \"She just stood outside the balcony - just stood there and waited,\" says Buckley. \"She was concerned about her friend.\" Then one day, sanctuary co-founder Scott Blais carried Bella onto the balcony so she and Tarra could at least see each other. \n\n\"Bella's tail started wagging. And we had no choice but to bring Bella down to see Tarra,\" Blais says. \n\nThey visited like that every day until Bella could walk. Today, their love -- and trust -- is stronger than ever. Bella even lets Tarra pet her tummy - with the bottom of her enormous foot. They harbor no fears, no secrets, no prejudices. Just two living creatures who somehow managed to look past their immense differences. \n\nTake a good look at this couple, human beings. Take a good look at the world. If they can do it -- what's our excuse?", "question": "What medical condition did Bella suffer from?", "context": "Bella suffered from a Spinal Cord Injury.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bella)-[SUFFERED_FROM]->(Spinal Cord Injury)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0678", "coqa_story": "Chapter 61 \n\nHappy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters. With what delighted pride she afterwards visited Mrs. Bingley, and talked of Mrs. Darcy, may be guessed. I wish I could say, for the sake of her family, that the accomplishment of her earnest desire in the establishment of so many of her children produced so happy an effect as to make her a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman for the rest of her life; though perhaps it was lucky for her husband, who might not have relished domestic felicity in so unusual a form, that she still was occasionally nervous and invariably silly. \n\nMr. Bennet missed his second daughter exceedingly; his affection for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do. He delighted in going to Pemberley, especially when he was least expected. \n\nMr. Bingley and Jane remained at Netherfield only a twelvemonth. So near a vicinity to her mother and Meryton relations was not desirable even to _his_ easy temper, or _her_ affectionate heart. The darling wish of his sisters was then gratified; he bought an estate in a neighbouring county to Derbyshire, and Jane and Elizabeth, in addition to every other source of happiness, were within thirty miles of each other. \n\nKitty, to her very material advantage, spent the chief of her time with her two elder sisters. In society so superior to what she had generally known, her improvement was great. She was not of so ungovernable a temper as Lydia; and, removed from the influence of Lydia's example, she became, by proper attention and management, less irritable, less ignorant, and less insipid. From the further disadvantage of Lydia's society she was of course carefully kept, and though Mrs. Wickham frequently invited her to come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, her father would never consent to her going. ", "question": "Who is their spouse?", "context": "Mrs. Bennet is the spouse of Mr. Bennet. Mr. Bingley is the spouse of Jane Bingley.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. Bennet)-[spouse of]->(Mr. Bennet) || (Mr. Bingley)-[spouse of]->(Jane Bingley)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0679", "coqa_story": "They can be seen more frequently than ever before on college campuses, wearing thick-rimmed glasses while listening to indie music. One might find them playing unusual musical instruments, shopping at second-hand stores or expressing themselves in other unique ways. They call themselves hipsters. Being \"hip\" used to mean following the latest fashion. But gradually the word has evolved into a synonym for \"cool\". \n\nHipsters value independent thinking, progressive politics, an appreciation of creativity and intelligence. Hipsters take pains and pride in not being mainstream. However, their culture has become quite trendy. This irony is central to their culture and offers an interesting paradox. \n\n\"I do take things in the mainstream with a grain of salt,\" says Ben Polson, a college student at Brown University in the US. Polson describes himself as a hipster and says he often questions what determines popularity, especially regarding music.When lesser-known bands become popular they often lose their former fan base in exchange for a new one. There is a famous hipster saying that goes: I used to like that band before it got popular. \n\nAccording to Polson, bands' music changes when they go mainstream. They become \"less experimental, doing things just to save popularity and fans. The original elements that we were drawn to slowly _ for the sake of popularity.\" \n\nMany young adults have started to view hipsters' outlook as cool and are adopting their counterculture mindset themselves. This has led to specialized brands, stores and music for the hipster position. Ironically, some such stores, including clothing labels Urban Outfitters and American Apparel, have gained mainstream popularity. This has seemingly diluted the anti-mainstream culture. \n\n\"A lot of people that are self-defined hipsters aren't really hipsters, they're just trying to conform to the non-conformist to seem cooler,\" says Amanda Leopold, a college student from Oberlin College, US. Although Leopold has many unconventional tastes and seems quite individualist, she refuses to classify herself as a hipster. \n\nThere is a conflict among hipsters about the very definition of the label. To some, to be a hipster is to be free from cultural constraints. To others, it means wearing a certain style and listening to a specific style of music. The former constantly strives for uniqueness, while the latter strives not to be mainstream. \n\nAnd yet, the movement is gaining mainstream popularity. \"It's kind of the trend these days; _ \" says Leopold. \"There have been hipsters since the seventies. It's only become popular recently.\" \n\nHipsters reject materialism and laugh at mainstream culture. But are they really beyond material comforts? Do they have any ideas of their own if they despise mainstream so much? \n\nChristy Wampole, an associate professor of literature at Princeton University, US, is not so sure. She says the hipster is a contradiction in himself and an easy target of mockery . Writing in The New York Times, Wampole paints a less appreciative picture of a typical hipster. \n\n\"The hipster is a scholar of social forms, a student of cool. He studies continuously, searching for what has yet to be found by the mainstream. He is a walking citation ; his clothes refer to much more than themselves. He tries to negotiate the age-old problem of individuality, not with concepts, but with material things.\"", "question": "Which college do they attend?", "context": "Amanda Leopold attends Oberlin College. Ben Polson attends Brown University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amanda Leopold)-[attends]->(Oberlin College) || (Ben Polson)-[attends]->(Brown University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0680", "coqa_story": "A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. \n\nIn Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. It was followed by a lot of universities opened as public universities in the 20th century such as Cairo University (1908), Alexandria University (1912), Assiut University (1928), Ain Shams University (1957), Helwan University (1959), Beni-Suef University (1963), Benha University (1965), Zagazig University (1978), Suez Canal University (1989), where tuition fees are totally subsidized by the Government. \n\nIn Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments. Examples include the University of Lagos, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Ibadan, University of Benin, University of Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello University, Abia State University, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gombe State University, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Federal University of Technology Yola, University of Maiduguri, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, University of Jos, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University of Ilorin \n\nIn Kenya, the Ministry of Education controls all of the public universities. Students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. Students who meet the criteria determined annually by the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS) receive government sponsorship, as part of their university or college fee is catered for by the government. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board. They are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education.", "question": "When was it opened?", "context": "Zagazig University opened in 1978. Al-Azhar University opened in 975 Ad. Assiut University opened in 1928. Ain Shams University opened in 1957. Helwan University opened in 1959. Benha University opened in 1965. Suez Canal University opened in 1989. Cairo University opened in 1908. Alexandria University opened in 1912. Beni-Suef University opened in 1963.", "based_on_pattern": "(Zagazig University)-[opened in]->(1978) || (Al-Azhar University)-[opened in]->(975 Ad) || (Assiut University)-[opened in]->(1928) || (Ain Shams University)-[opened in]->(1957) || (Helwan University)-[opened in]->(1959) || (Benha University)-[opened in]->(1965) || (Suez Canal University)-[opened in]->(1989) || (Cairo University)-[opened in]->(1908) || (Alexandria University)-[opened in]->(1912) || (Beni-Suef University)-[opened in]->(1963)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0681", "coqa_story": "War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called \"peace\". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. \n\nWhile some scholars see war as a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural or ecological circumstances. \n\nThe deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, from 1939 to 1945, with 60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 million deaths, followed by the Mongol conquests at up to 60 million. As concerns a belligerent's losses in proportion to its prewar population, the most destructive war in modern history may have been the Paraguayan War (see Paraguayan War casualties). In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths, down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. In 2003, Richard Smalley identified war as the sixth (of ten) biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years. War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending, famine, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of prisoners of war or civilians. For instance, of the nine million people who were on the territory of Soviet Belarus in 1941, some 1.6 million were killed by the Germans in actions away from battlefields, including about 700,000 prisoners of war, 500,000 Jews, and 320,000 people counted as partisans (the vast majority of whom were unarmed civilians). Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of propaganda by some or all parties in the conflict, and increased revenues by weapons manufacturers.", "question": "What was the estimated human cost of the Second World War in terms of fatalities?", "context": "The Second World War resulted in an estimated 60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 million deaths.", "based_on_pattern": "(Second World War)-[RESULTED_IN]->(60\u00e2\u20ac\u201c85 Million Deaths)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0682", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Oklahoma State University women's basketball coach Kurt Budke and assistant coach Miranda Serna were killed when their plane crashed on the way to a recruiting trip in Arkansas, university officials said Friday. \n\nFormer Oklahoma state Sen. Olin Branstetter and his wife, Paula, also died in the crash Thursday, university spokesman Gary Schutt said. \n\n\"It's a terribly sad day,\" he said. \n\nThe crash occurred in Perry County, Arkansas, leaving no survivors. \n\nThe plane, a Piper Cherokee PA-28, according to FAA records, crashed under \"unknown circumstances\" in a wooded area about four miles south of Perryville, Arkansas, about 4:30 p.m. CT on Thursday, agency spokesman Lynn Lunsford said Friday. \n\nNo additional information about the crash was immediately available. \n\nThe National Transportation Safety Board has sent investigators to the crash site, the agency said Friday. \n\nBudke and Serna were on a recruiting trip to Little Rock, Arkansas, the university said. \n\n\"For any coaching community to lose bright stars like Kurt and Miranda is tragic,\" NCAA President Mark Emmert said in a statement. \"This is a profound loss for the Oklahoma State women's basketball family, the entire university and future women's basketball players as well.\" \n\nUniversity officials credited Budke for turning the school's women's basketball program around, culminating with a top-10 national ranking and an appearance in the second round of the NCAA tournament last season. He was in his seventh season with the school. \n\n\"Kurt was an exemplary leader and a man of character who had a profound impact on his student-athletes,\" Oklahoma State President Burns Hargis said. \"He was an outstanding coach and a wonderful person. We send our deepest sympathies to his wife, Shelley, and their children, Sara, Alex and Brett.\" ", "question": "Who is he the spokesperson for?", "context": "Lynn Lunsford is the spokesperson for Faa. Gary Schutt is the spokesperson for Oklahoma State University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lynn Lunsford)-[spokesperson for]->(Faa) || (Gary Schutt)-[spokesperson for]->(Oklahoma State University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0683", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 : -@ kids FTF. ILNY; its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad. The middle school teacher in England who received this as homework couldn't either. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or mobile phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messaging and e-mail will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\", and that they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia Mcvey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.\"", "question": "Which university is he affiliated with?", "context": "David Crystal is affiliated with the University Of Wales. Geoffrey Nunberg is affiliated with Stanford University.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales) || (Geoffrey Nunberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0684", "coqa_story": "A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. The word \"mission\" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin \"missionem\" (nom. \"missio\"), meaning \"act of sending\" or \"mittere\", meaning \"to send\". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology. \n\nA Christian missionary can be defined as \"one who is to witness across cultures\". The Lausanne Congress of 1974, defined the term, related to Christian mission as, \"to form a viable indigenous church-planting movement\". Missionaries can be found in many countries around the world. \n\nJesus instructed the apostles to make disciples of all nations. This verse is referred to by Christian missionaries as the Great Commission and inspires missionary work. \n\nThe New Testament-era missionary outreach of the Christian church from the time of St Paul expanded throughout the Roman Empire and beyond to Persia (Church of the East) and to India (Saint Thomas Christians). During the Middle Ages the Christian monasteries and missionaries such as Saint Patrick (5th century), and Adalbert of Prague (ca 956-997) propagated learning and religion beyond the European boundaries of the old Roman Empire. In 596, Pope Gregory the Great (in office 590-604) sent the Gregorian Mission (including Augustine of Canterbury) into England. In their turn, Christians from Ireland (the Hiberno-Scottish mission) and from Britain (Saint Boniface (ca 675-754), and the Anglo-Saxon mission, for example) became prominent in converting the inhabitants of central Europe.", "question": "What is the definition of a Christian Missionary?", "context": "A Christian Missionary is defined as one who is to witness across cultures.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christian Missionary)-[IS_DEFINED_AS]->(One Who Is To Witness Across Cultures)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0685", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "Who does it benefit?", "context": "Need-Based Aid benefits Low-Income Students. Merit Aid benefits Students.", "based_on_pattern": "(Need-Based Aid)-[benefits]->(Low-Income Students) || (Merit Aid)-[benefits]->(Students)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0686", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "Approximately how many newspapers were used to construct the Paper House?", "context": "The Paper House was constructed using about 100,000 newspapers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paper House)-[USED_NEWSPAPERS]->(About 100,000 Newspapers)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0687", "coqa_story": "Educators across the U.S. are calling for major changes to the admission process in higher education. \n\nThe National Center for Educational Statistics (or NCES) reported that U.S. colleges and universities received more than 9 million applications between 2013 and 2014 and admitted more than 5 million students. But the problem is not in the number of students, a new report says. The report is called \"Turning the Tide -- Making Caring Common.\" \n\nThe report argues that the process schools use to choose students causes major problems. David Hawkins is the Executive Director for Educational Content and Policy. He says that most colleges and universities require many things from students when they apply. \n\nSchools usually require an essay describing a student's interests or why they want to study at that school. The schools also ask for letters from teachers describing why a student is a good candidate. But, Hawkins says, schools are most concerned with a student's high school grades and standardized test results. \n\nThe Education Conservancy is an organization that fights to make higher education equal and available. Lloyd Thacker is the Executive Director of the Education Conservancy, saying that the college admission process has changed a lot. \n\n\"Over the past 30 years, college admissions have become more complex.\" He says that ranking systems for colleges and universities are a big part of the problem. \n\nU.S. News and World Report is a media company that creates a list of what it calls \"America's Best Colleges.\" The company bases the list on information collected from colleges and universities across the country. This information includes results of standardized tests like the SAT from all of a school's students. Higher average test results help put schools higher on the list. \n\nThacker claims, \"Too many students are learning to do whatever it takes in order to get ahead, even if that means sacrificing their own individuality, their health, their happiness and behavior...\" \n\n\"The impact on students and on parents is that college is all about where you go. The rank has nothing to do with the quality of education that goes on at the college.\" \n\nThe Harvard report states that the best way to change the admission process is by changing college applications.", "question": "Which organization is responsible for publishing the 'America's Best Colleges' guide?", "context": "U.S. News And World Report publishes the 'America's Best Colleges' guide.", "based_on_pattern": "(U.S. News And World Report)-[PUBLISHES]->(America'S Best Colleges)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0688", "coqa_story": "Blair: Blair was the first to appear in movies in history. In 1905, Blair appeared in the movie Rescued by Rover . It is a British film that a baby is kidnapped by an old woman, but the faithful family dog Rover saves the baby at last. \n\nThough Rover is a common name, it became popular because of the dog hero in the movie. \n\nLassie: lassie used to be the most famous dog in the world. She is a character who has starred in many movies, TV shows and books over the years. \n\nLassie was created by Eric Knight and made her way into a short story in a newspaper in 1913 and into a novel in 1940. \n\nLaika: Laika is the first animal that has orbited the earth. On November 3, 1957, Laika was sent to space in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2.(2). The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that the spacecraft would not return. It meant that the poor animal would die. People argued a lot about Laika's death. Several countries issued stamps in memory of Laika. She became the first animal to give her life for the exploration of space. \n\nRin Tin Tin: Rin Tin Tin is the first American dog movie star. He first appeared in WhereThe North Begins in 1925. Rin Tin Tin went on to make 25 movies, he even signed his own contracts with paw prints . During his best time, he earned about 5 million dollars for those people who worked for him. \n\nSnoopy: snoopy may be the most famous cartoon dog in the world. As a hunting beagle from Charles Schultz' popular newspaper comic strip , Peanuts, snoopy first appeared in 1950. Though snoopy was at first a minor figure, he grew to become the strip's best-known character. He is famous for always sleeping on top of his doghouse and sometimes dressing up and pretending himself as a World War I airplane pilot. Snoopy appeared in the Peanuts comic strips until Schultz's retirement ( and death ) in February of 2000.", "question": "What specific breed of dog is the character Snoopy?", "context": "Snoopy is a Hunting Beagle.", "based_on_pattern": "(Snoopy)-[IS_A]->(Hunting Beagle)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0689", "coqa_story": "The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. \n\nMembers of American colonial society argued the position of \"no taxation without representation\", starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. They rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked representation in Parliament. Protests steadily escalated to the burning of the \"Gaspee\" in Rhode Island in 1772, followed by the Boston Tea Party in 1773, during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea. The British responded by closing Boston Harbor, then followed with a series of legislative acts which effectively rescinded Massachusetts Bay Colony's rights of self-government and caused the other colonies to rally behind Massachusetts. In late 1774, the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain; other colonists preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown and were known as Loyalists or Tories. \n\nTensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the British attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775\u00e2\u20ac\u201c83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.", "question": "When did it occur?", "context": "The Stamp Act Congress occurred in 1765. The Boston Tea Party occurred in 1773.", "based_on_pattern": "(Stamp Act Congress)-[occurred in]->(1765) || (Boston Tea Party)-[occurred in]->(1773)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0690", "coqa_story": "Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood's golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitch.cock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said. \n\nBorn in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister -screen idol Olivia de Havilland-were to shape successful movie careers.Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards.Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account \"No Bed of Roses \". \n\nFontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s. It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off. \n\nGreatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel \"Rebecca\". She received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as a troubled wife. A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in \"Suspicion\" opposite Cary Grant, becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchock film. \n\nAlthough her sister, Olivia de Havilland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia's nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's \"Hold Back the Dawn\". \n\nThe dislike ,between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony.\"I froze. I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting.'Get up there!' she whispered commandingly,\" Fontaine said.\"All the dislike we'd felt toward each other as children...all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures...I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair.\" \n\nOlivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen's \" To Each His Own\". Fontaine later made it known that her. sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations.\"She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away,\" she said. \n\nThe sisters were also reportedly competitors in love. Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times.\"I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!\" Fontaine once joked. \n\nAs her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including the Lion in Winter\". Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed .decoration designer and a first-class cook.", "question": "Who wrote the novel that the film Rebecca was based on?", "context": "The film Rebecca was based on a novel written by Daphne Du Maurier.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rebecca)-[BASED_ON_NOVEL_BY]->(Daphne Du Maurier)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0691", "coqa_story": "The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find. But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure. \n\nNew owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys. He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. \n\nA few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news that left him _ . The woman was his wife Jaqueline's aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago, and one of the boys, her cousin. \n\nThe couple have now unraveled the astonishing coincidence, which leads back to Mrs. Roccoforte's native Lancashire, where many of her family still live. The camera was bought from a shop in Preston, England by Brownie, a friend of Mr. Roccoforte, who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. \n\nBack in California, the contents of his new possession inspired Mr. Roccoforte's curiosity. Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire, he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. \n\nAnother relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber, still living in the area at the age of 81, her son Tony, Mrs. Roccoforte's cousin, and Tony's childhood friend, Mick Murphy. \n\nYesterday Mrs. Bamber was still gasping at the turn of events which has reunited two strands of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera. The two boys, both now 58, still live near Preston. \n\nMrs. Roccoforte's father is Winnie Bamber's brother, Billy Charnley. He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s. Their daughter met Mr. Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.", "question": "Who is she the cousin of?", "context": "Jaqueline Roccoforte is the cousin of Tony. Tony is the cousin of Jaqueline Roccoforte.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jaqueline Roccoforte)-[cousin of]->(Tony) || (Tony)-[cousin of]->(Jaqueline Roccoforte)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0692", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. The boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" A flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. The child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. Sheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" The child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" Sheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" The boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" The boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. Sheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. Sheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. Norton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Where does Sheppard work?", "context": "Sheppard works at the reformatory.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sheppard)-[WORKS_AT]->(Reformatory)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0693", "coqa_story": "Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, England. It is a division of Thomson Reuters. \n\nUntil 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. Reuters transmits news in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Urdu, and Chinese. It was established in 1851. \n\nThe Reuter agency was established in 1851 by Paul Julius Reuter in Britain at the London Royal Exchange. Paul Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions in 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen. \n\nUpon moving to England, he founded Reuter's Telegram Company in 1851. Headquartered in London, the company initially covered commercial news, serving banks, brokerage houses, and business firms. The first newspaper client to subscribe was the London \"Morning Advertiser\" in 1858. Afterwards more newspapers signed up, with \"Britannica Encyclopedia\" writing that \"the value of Reuters to newspapers lay not only in the financial news it provided but in its ability to be the first to report on stories of international importance.\" Reuter's agency built a reputation in Europe and the rest of the world as the first to report news scoops from abroad. Reuters was the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe, for instance, in 1865. In 1872, Reuters expanded into the far east, followed by South America in 1874. Both expansions were made possible by advances in overland telegraphs and undersea cables. In 1883, Reuters began transmitting messages electrically to London newspapers.", "question": "What did it transmit messages to?", "context": "Reuters transmitted messages to London Newspapers. Prototype News Service transmitted messages to Aachen.", "based_on_pattern": "(Reuters)-[transmitted messages to]->(London Newspapers) || (Prototype News Service)-[transmitted messages to]->(Aachen)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0694", "coqa_story": "UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. \n\nThe UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, is heir to the oldest protein sequence database, Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, first published in 1965. In 2002, EBI, SIB, and PIR joined forces as the UniProt consortium. \n\nEach consortium member is heavily involved in protein database maintenance and annotation. Until recently, EBI and SIB together produced the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, while PIR produced the Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). These databases coexisted with differing protein sequence coverage and annotation priorities. \n\nSwiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and subsequently developed by Rolf Apweiler at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Swiss-Prot aimed to provide reliable protein sequences associated with a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recognizing that sequence data were being generated at a pace exceeding Swiss-Prot's ability to keep up, TrEMBL (Translated EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library) was created to provide automated annotations for those proteins not in Swiss-Prot. Meanwhile, PIR maintained the PIR-PSD and related databases, including iProClass, a database of protein sequences and curated families.", "question": "Within which larger institution is the National Biomedical Research Foundation located?", "context": "The National Biomedical Research Foundation is located within the Georgetown University Medical Center.", "based_on_pattern": "(National Biomedical Research Foundation)-[LOCATED_IN]->(Georgetown University Medical Center)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0695", "coqa_story": "\"I wish our bank would be robbed,\" said George Pickens, the bank clerk, to himself. \"If one day a robber holds up me. And if I have to give him a certain amount of money. What is to prevent me keeping all the money left and claiming that the robber had taken it?\" Just then a tall and strong man walked in, wearing a mask. \"This is a holdup!\" the man said. Roughly, taking a gun from his pocket and stepping over to George's cage. \"All right, hand it over!\" \n\n\"Yes, sir,\" said George. \"Would you like it in ten-or twenty-dollar bills?\" \n\n\"Just hand it over!\" said the robber. George took all the bills from the top section close to six thousand dollars. He passed them through the window. The robber snatched them, stuffed them into his pocket, and turned to leave. Then, while everyone was watching the robber, George calmly lifted off the top section of the cashbox and slipped bills from the bottom section into his pockets. The door swung and the robber was gone. George fell down and fainted. When he came to he smiled up at the worried faces looking down at him. \"I'm all right,\" he stated bravely. \n\n\"You might just as well go home, George.\" Mr. Bell, the chief accountant, said. \n\nAs soon as he was safely behind his bedroom door, George took the money from his pockets and counted it. Seven thousand dollars! \n\nThe next morning when George arrived at the bank, it was not open for business, but everyone was there, helping to check the bank's accounts. George was called into Mr. Burrows' office. The bank president seemed strangely cheerful. \"George,\" he said, \"I want you to meet Mr. Charles, who used to be president of our bank.\" \n\n\"Good morning, George,\" said the former president. \"I was extremely sorry to hear you fainted yesterday. Are you all right now?\" \n\n\"Yes, sir, just fine, thanks.\" \n\n\"I was sorry to give you a hard time yesterday, but with all the banks being robbed these days, I played my little game yesterday, just to keep everybody on his toes.\" \n\n\"I don't understand,\" said George. \"What game?\" \n\nThe old man laughed and quickly took out a mask. He placed it over his face and said, \"All right. Hand it over!\" Mr. Burrows laughed but George didn't. \n\n\"And the money?\" George asked in a faint voice. \n\n\"Don't worry,\" Mr. Charles said. \"I put it all back in your cashbox--- all six thousand. We're just finishing up the check-up now.\" Behind them, the door opened and Mr. Bell put his head into the room. \"Mr. Burrows,\" he said gravely, \"may I see you a moment?\"", "question": "What was Mr. Charles's former position at the Bank?", "context": "Mr. Charles was the former president of the Bank.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Charles)-[FORMER_PRESIDENT_OF]->(Bank)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0696", "coqa_story": "Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety's Director's Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a fiery two car accident. \n\nThe accident occurred on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while traveling on a rain-soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicle, leaving the occupants trapped inside as both vehicles burst into flames. \n\nBonge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith,9,from the wreckage. \n\nThe girls' mother, Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck, as they were traveling with their baby sitter, Lisa Bow bin. \n\nBeckie Smith still remembers the sickening feeling she had up on receiving the call informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene. \n\nBozeman and Clemmons arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the fires. \n\n\"I was nervous,\" Bozeman said.\" I don't feel like I'm a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.\" \n\nEveryone at the accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife-threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both femurs, and Megan had neck and back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot. \n\nThe rescuers also were taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said. \n\nIn addition, Bozeman not to meet accident victim Anthony Rus so in the hospital after the accident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with\" Thank you,\" Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway 6 credited God blessing for bringing them together. \n\n\"Whatever the circumstances, Tuesday's ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers,\" Beckie Smith said,\" We're calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.\"", "question": "Who is she the sister of?", "context": "Mallory Smith is the sister of Megan Smith. Megan Smith is the sister of Mallory Smith.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mallory Smith)-[sister of]->(Megan Smith) || (Megan Smith)-[sister of]->(Mallory Smith)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0697", "coqa_story": "Starting from this month, you won't be hearing the word \"NBA\" on sports programs on CCTV. Instead, sport hosts will give the full Chinese name when they refer to the NBA - National Basketball Association. You also won't hear any other English abbreviations on CCTV's Chinese programs, such as GDP (gross domestic product) or WTO (World Trade Organization). You will hear their Chinese translations. CCTV received a notice from the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, telling it to avoid using English-language abbreviations in their reports to protect the \"purity\" of the Chinese language. A few other TV stations also received the notice. Fu Zhenguo, an editor of People's Daily, is one of the people who proposed the change. \"Using English in a Chinese-speaking environment is against Chinese law,\" he said. \"Using English on Chinese TV programs is unfair to people who don't understand English. It will have a bad language influence on kids and teenagers.\" But some experts have a different opinion. Liu Yaoying, a professor at the Communications University of China, said the move shows cultural conservatism . \"If Western countries can accept some Chinglish words, why can't the Chinese language be mixed with English?\" Liu said. A lot of people have criticized the move, saying that it will cause problems for them. \"I understand what CD, VCD and DVD mean when I hear them. But I won't know what the TV programs are talking about if I hear those products' full Chinese names,\" a person wrote in a BBS post. Following the same post, another person wrote jokingly: \"I'm not listening to my MP3 now. I'm listening to my Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3. Some people also question why CCTV is keeping its logo, since it is also an English abbreviation.", "question": "According to Liu Yaoying, what does the move by the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television to ban English abbreviations demonstrate?", "context": "Liu Yaoying believes the move shows cultural conservatism.", "based_on_pattern": "(Liu Yaoying)-[BELIEVES_MOVE_SHOWS]->(Cultural Conservatism)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0698", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "In what way does Anne provide assistance to Marilla?", "context": "Anne provides assistance to Marilla by helping with housework.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne)-[HELPS_WITH_HOUSEWORK]->(Marilla)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0699", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- For much of the world, February 14 is known as a day to celebrate love. \n\nBut in Iran, Valentine's Day has come to mark another occasion as well\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe anniversary of the house arrest of Iran's leading opposition figures Mir Hossein Mousavi, Mehdi Karroubi and Zahra Rahnavard. On February 14, 2011, Iranian authorities placed Mousavi, Karroubi and Rahnavard under house arrest for calling on Iranians to demonstrate in support of the popular Arab uprisings across the region. \n\nAccording to Reuters, earlier this month Karroubi was moved from a Ministry of Intelligence-controlled safe house to his own home. \n\nThe transfer shined new light on the plight of Iran's \"prisoners of rights\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201d those imprisoned for seeking to exercise commonly recognized political, social, religious, economic, and cultural rights, denied to them by the Iranian government. \n\nIn addition to opposition politicians like Mousavi, Karroubi and Rahnavard, Iran's prisoners of rights include lawyers, journalists, professors, students, labor union workers, poets, musicians, artists, dissident clerics, bloggers, ethnic and religious minorities, LGBT persons and even humanitarian aid workers. \n\nCivil rights and human rights activists are also a primary target. Some prisoners of rights, like women's rights and student activist Bahareh Hedayat, have been arrested for holding gatherings to protest laws that discriminate against women. \n\nOthers, like the \"Yaran\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe seven leaders of the Bah\u00c3\u00a1'\u00c3\u00ad religious minority in Iran\u00e2\u20ac\u201dare imprisoned for teaching a faith the Iranian government does not recognize. \n\nStill others, like lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani, are imprisoned for their efforts to assist or seek justice for prisoners of rights. Ironically, before his arrest, Soltani had been preparing a case in defense of the seven Bah\u00c3\u00a1'\u00c3\u00ad leaders. ", "question": "On what date was Zahra Rahnavard placed under house arrest?", "context": "Zahra Rahnavard was placed under house arrest on February 14, 2011.", "based_on_pattern": "(Zahra Rahnavard)-[PLACED_UNDER_HOUSE_ARREST_ON]->(February 14, 2011)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0700", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. A siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. We stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. Just before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" We let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "What did the Russian Tanks do to Afghanistan?", "context": "The Russian Tanks invaded Afghanistan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Russian Tanks)-[INVADED]->(Afghanistan)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0701", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "Which musical movement were The Rolling Stones a part of?", "context": "The Rolling Stones were part of the British Invasion.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Rolling Stones)-[PART_OF]->(British Invasion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0702", "coqa_story": "Famous centenarians still active in arts, science are in no mood to retire. \"Those who stand still, die,\" is one of Oliveira's favorite phrases. He knows from experience what it means, as the Portuguese film director has reached the age of 102 and is still active in his profession. Every year, Oliveira shoots a film and is currently working on his next project. \"You have to work, work, work in order to forget that death is not far away,\" he said. When asked about his age, Oliveira said with some humility: \"It's down to mother nature. It gave to me what it took from others.\" \n\nBeing both mentally and physically fit in old age is partly a matter of luck, but it also has something to do with character. Not every white-haired person is wise and social skills, openness and the ability to train the brain are essential for senior citizens. \n\nAlong with the architect Oscar Niemeyer (103), Nobel laureate Montalcini (101) and director Kurt Maetzig (100), Oliveira is one of those people of whom it would be very wrong to think as members of a listless elderly generation. \n\nAnother master in his profession is the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The 103-year-old Brazilian is best known for his futuristic-looking buildings in Brasilia, but he also speaks out on behalf of the poor. \"The role of the architect is to struggle for a better world where we can develop a form of architecture that serves everyone and not just a privileged few,\" said Niemeyer recently. He spends almost every day working in his office in Copacabana, and even when he falls ill he keeps working on ideas: After a gallbladder operation he composed a samba tune in the clinic. \n\nAnother man who could sing a song about age is 107-year-old Heesters. The Dutch-born opera singer spent most of his life performing in Germany, where he still works. Recently Heesters said: \"I want to be at least 108-years-old.\" He also plans to keep performing. \" _ \" Heesters has not given up trying to add to his tally of awards and is looking for a \"good stage role\". \n\nItalian scientist Rita Levi-Montalcini, who is 101-year-old and is still active in medical science, has described the force that keeps driving her on: \"Progress is created through imperfection.\" In 1986 she and her lab colleague were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on nerve growth factor. She's convinced that humans grow on challenges. \n\nWith so many brilliant examples given, we can see clearly that age is no barrier to some high achievers.", "question": "How old are they?", "context": "Kurt Maetzig is 100. Heesters is 107. Oscar Niemeyer is 103. Oliveira is 102. Rita Levi-Montalcini is 101.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kurt Maetzig)-[has age]->(100) || (Heesters)-[has age]->(107) || (Oscar Niemeyer)-[has age]->(103) || (Oliveira)-[has age]->(102) || (Rita Levi-Montalcini)-[has age]->(101)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0703", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER TWO. \n\nSTRONG EMOTIONS ARE SUCCEEDED BY SUPPER, AND FOLLOWED BY DISCUSSIONS ON DISCOVERY, WHICH END IN A WILD ALARM! \n\nWhen Karlsefin had been introduced to Leif Ericsson, the former turned round and presented to him and Biarne his friend Thorward, the captain of the other ship. Thorward was not a tall man, but was very broad and stout, and had a firm yet pleasing cast of countenance. Both Thorward and Karlsefin were men of about thirty-five years of age. \n\n\"Are you not on viking-cruise?\" asked Leif as they walked up to the house together, while the male members of his household and the men of the settlement assisted the crews to moor the ships. \n\n\"No; my friend Thorward and I are not men of war. We prefer the peaceful occupation of the merchant, and, to say truth, it is not unprofitable.\" \n\n\"I would that more were of your way of thinking,\" said Leif. \"I do not love the bloody game of war, and glad am I that we have got into a quiet corner here in Greenland, where there is small occasion for it. Biarne, too, is of our way of thinking, as no doubt you already know.\" \n\n\"He has often told me so, and, if I mistake not, has feathered his nest well by merchanting.\" \n\n\"He has,\" answered Biarne for himself, with a laugh. \n\nWhile they thus advanced, talking, little Olaf had kept walking in front of the tall stranger, looking up into his face with unbounded admiration. He had never before seen any man so magnificent. His father and Biarne, whom he had hitherto regarded as perfect specimens of mankind, were quite eclipsed. Looking backward and walking forward is an unsafe process at any time. So Olaf found it on the present occasion, for he tripped over a stone and in falling hit his little nose with such violence that it soon became a big nose, and bled profusely. ", "question": "Who is he a friend of?", "context": "Karlsefin is a friend of Thorward. Thorward is a friend of Karlsefin.", "based_on_pattern": "(Karlsefin)-[friend of]->(Thorward) || (Thorward)-[friend of]->(Karlsefin)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0704", "coqa_story": "Fred Astaire was born in Nebraska in 1899. Fred and his sister, Adele, learned to dance when they were very young. Their mother took them to New York to study dance. They performed in their first professional show when Fred was ten years old and Adele was twelve. Later, as teenagers, the two danced in many shows throughout the United States. Their first big success was on Broadway in 1917. The Astaires -- as they were known --- became Broadway stars. However, in 1932, Adele Astaire married a British man, and stopped performing. But Fred did not give up his dream. He would go on alone, in the movies. Fred said, \"Dancing is a sweaty job. You cannot just sit down and do it. You have to get up on your feet. It takes time to get a dance right, to create something memorable. I always try to get to know my dance so well that I do not have to think.\" In 1949, Fred Astaire won a special award for his film work from America's Motion Picture Academy. He also won awards from the television industry for a number of his television programs.[:ZXXK] Fred stopped dancing in 1970. He was more than seventy years old at the time. He said a dancer could not continue dancing forever. He said he did not want to disappoint anyone, even himself. He danced again in public only once after that. It was with another great male dancer, Gene Kelly, in the movie \"That's Entertainment, Part Two\". Fred Astaire and his first wife, Phyllis, had three children. Phyllis died in 1954. Twenty-five years later, Fred married race horse rider Robyn Smith. Fred Astaire died on June 22, 1987. He was eighty-eight years old. He was called the greatest dancer in the world. His dancing was called perfect. And moviegoers everywhere will remember him as a great performer whose work will live forever in his films.", "question": "With whom did Fred Astaire have children?", "context": "Fred Astaire had children with Phyllis.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fred Astaire)-[HAD_CHILDREN_WITH]->(Phyllis)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0705", "coqa_story": "One evening last fall, while Marcos Ugarte did his homework and his father, Eduardo, a teacher, prepared lesson plans, they heard shouting outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the balcony of their two-story home. Immediately, Marcos' s eye was caught by a flame from one of their neighbors' houses. \"Dad, the house is on fire!\" Marcos cried. Dressed only in shorts, the barefoot teen dashed towards the Mas' home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front grassland shouting for help. When the Ugartes got there, they saw through the open front door that father Alex Ma was falling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with dirt. \"Is anyone else in the house?\" Eduardo asked. \"My son!\" Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor. Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and extreme heatforced him to his knees. He inched upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himself in a bedroom. \"I'd never seen smoke like that,\" says Eduardo. \"My glasses immediately turned black from the ash.\" As the fire spread across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the handle. But Cody didn't respond, and Eduardo made his way back downstairs. At the same time, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. \"Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,\" says Marcos. \"I knew I had to do something.\" He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed towards the boy. When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and persuaded Cody out. \"It's OK,\" Marcos told him. \"I've got you.\" Holding Cody with one arm, Marcos moved down the ladder. Halfway down, he handed the boy to a neighbor. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. \"Thank you for saving my son,\" Alex said. \"You are his hero forever.\"", "question": "What is his age?", "context": "Eduardo Ugarte has age 47. Cody Ma has age 8. Marcos Ugarte has age 15.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eduardo Ugarte)-[has age]->(47) || (Cody Ma)-[has age]->(8) || (Marcos Ugarte)-[has age]->(15)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0706", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is Monica Inzer's professional role at Hamilton College?", "context": "Monica Inzer is the Dean of Admission and Financial Aid at Hamilton College.", "based_on_pattern": "(Monica Inzer)-[DEAN_OF_ADMISSION_AND_FINANCIAL_AID_AT]->(Hamilton College)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0707", "coqa_story": "The nickelodeon was the first type of indoor exhibition space dedicated to showing projected motion pictures. Usually set up in converted storefronts, these small, simple theaters charged five cents for admission and flourished from about 1905 to 1915. \n\n\"Nickelodeon\" was concocted from \"nickel\", the name of the U.S. five-cent coin, and the ancient Greek word \"odeion\", a roofed-over theater, the latter indirectly by way of the \"Od\u00c3\u00a9on\" in Paris, emblematic of a very large and luxurious theater much as \"Ritz\" was of a grand hotel. For unknown reasons, in 1949 the lyricist of a popular song, \"Music! Music! Music!\", incorporated the refrain \"Put another nickel in, in the nickelodeon\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6\", evidently referring to either a jukebox or a mechanical musical instrument such as a coin-operated player piano or orchestrion. The meaning of the word has been muddied ever since. In fact, when it was current in the early 20th century, it was used only to refer to a small five-cent theater and not to any coin-in-the-slot machine, including amusement arcade motion picture viewers such as the Kinetoscope and Mutoscope. \n\nThe earliest films had been shown in \"peep show\" machines or projected in vaudeville theaters as one of the otherwise live acts. Nickelodeons drastically altered film exhibition practices and the leisure-time habits of a large segment of the American public. Although they were characterized by continuous performances of a selection of short films, added attractions such as illustrated songs were sometimes an important feature. Regarded as disreputable and dangerous by some civic groups and municipal agencies, crude, ill-ventilated nickelodeons with hard wooden seats were outmoded as longer films became common and larger, more comfortably furnished motion picture theaters were built, a trend that culminated in the lavish \"movie palaces\" of the 1920s.", "question": "What is it emblematic of?", "context": "Ritz is emblematic of Grand Hotel. Od\u00c3\u00a9on is emblematic of Large And Luxurious Theater.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ritz)-[is emblematic of]->(Grand Hotel) || (Od\u00c3\u00a9on)-[is emblematic of]->(Large And Luxurious Theater)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0708", "coqa_story": "The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find. But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure. \n\nNew owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys. He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. \n\nA few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news that left him _ . The woman was his wife Jaqueline's aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago, and one of the boys, her cousin. \n\nThe couple have now unraveled the astonishing coincidence, which leads back to Mrs. Roccoforte's native Lancashire, where many of her family still live. The camera was bought from a shop in Preston, England by Brownie, a friend of Mr. Roccoforte, who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. \n\nBack in California, the contents of his new possession inspired Mr. Roccoforte's curiosity. Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire, he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. \n\nAnother relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber, still living in the area at the age of 81, her son Tony, Mrs. Roccoforte's cousin, and Tony's childhood friend, Mick Murphy. \n\nYesterday Mrs. Bamber was still gasping at the turn of events which has reunited two strands of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera. The two boys, both now 58, still live near Preston. \n\nMrs. Roccoforte's father is Winnie Bamber's brother, Billy Charnley. He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s. Their daughter met Mr. Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.", "question": "In which city was the Old Camera purchased?", "context": "The Old Camera was purchased in Preston.", "based_on_pattern": "(Old Camera)-[BOUGHT_IN]->(Preston)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0709", "coqa_story": "As weather cools across the United States, a growing number of Americans visit farms. They harvest fruits, enjoy hay wagon rides and walk in the fields. These people are called \"agri-tourists.\" They improve the economy of rural areas and help farmers increase their profits. \n\nSchool children are walking in a corn field _ . The corn is cut into tricky passageways that make it difficult to find a way out. The children are from Yorktown Elementary School in Bowie Maryland. They have traveled to Montpelier Farms in Prince George's County which is also in Maryland. The farm is about 40 kilometers from The White House. \n\nDebbie Pierson is the student's teacher. \"We go on these kind of field trips so that the children will have a hands-on experience of what it's like to be on a farm,\" Pierson said. \n\nIn Loudoun County Virginia, there are farms where grapes are grown for use in making wine. Many of the farms let people visit, and drink the wine that is made there. Bill Hatch owns the Zephaniah Farm Vineyard. He holds wine tastings in his home. \"We are doubling the number of visitors to our farm every year. We have an average of 250 people on a weekend,\" Hatch said. \n\nAs more people visit farms, more farmers are adding activities in which visitors can take part. \n\nMalcolm Baldwin owns WeatherLea Farm and Vineyard in Loudoun County. Six years ago, he began letting people be married at his farm. They can also sleep at the farm overnight. Mr. Baldwin says the money he makes from these activities let him keep his small farm operating. \"But without the animals, and without the vines, the wedding business wouldn't be as profitable , because people like to see the vines. They like to see the animals and without which I don't think this will be a popular place,\" Baldwin said.", "question": "Who is it owned by?", "context": "Weatherlea Farm And Vineyard is owned by Malcolm Baldwin. Zephaniah Farm Vineyard is owned by Bill Hatch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Weatherlea Farm And Vineyard)-[owned by]->(Malcolm Baldwin) || (Zephaniah Farm Vineyard)-[owned by]->(Bill Hatch)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0710", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "Who is she the spouse of?", "context": "Jane Bentley is the spouse of Robert Bentley. Rose Harcourt is the spouse of Rose Harcourt'S Husband.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jane Bentley)-[is spouse of]->(Robert Bentley) || (Rose Harcourt)-[is spouse of]->(Rose Harcourt'S Husband)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0711", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "By whose grandsons was the Frankish Realm divided?", "context": "The Frankish Realm was divided by the grandsons of Charlemagne.", "based_on_pattern": "(Frankish Realm)-[DIVIDED_BY_GRANDSONS_OF]->(Charlemagne)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0712", "coqa_story": "He's out there somewhere, an instant icon in the records of American conflict, the final big-game hunter. But a puzzle, too, his identity would be kept a secret for now, and maybe forever. \n\nHe is the unknown shooter. The nameless, faceless triggerman who put a bullet in the head of the world's most notorious terrorist, Bin Laden. \n\nHe's likely between the ages of 26 and 33, says Marcinko, founder of the \"SEALs Team 6\" that many believe led the attack on Bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He'll be old enough to have had time to hurdle the extra training tests required to join the counter-terrorism unit, yet young enough to stand the body-punishing harshness of the job. The shooter's a man, it's safe to say, because there are no women in the SEALs. And there's a good chance he's white, though the SEALs have stepped up efforts to increase the number of minorities in their ranks, Marcinko and Smith say. \n\nHe was probably a high school or college athlete, Smith says, a physical specimen who combines strength, speed and wisdom. \"They call themselves 'tactical athletes,'\" says Smith, who works with many future SEALs in his Heroes of Tomorrow training program in Severna Park. \"It's getting very scientific.\" \n\nMarcinko puts it in more conventional terms: \"He'll be ripped,\" says the author of the best-selling autobiography \"Rogue Warrior.\"\"He's got a lot of upper-body strength. Long arms. Thin waist. Flat stomach.\" \n\nOn this point, Greitens departs a bit. \"You can't make a lot of physical assumptions,\" says the author of \"The Heart and the Fist: The Education of a Humanitarian, the Making of a Navy SEAL.\" There are SEALs who are 5 feet 4 and SEALs who are 6 feet 5, Greitens says. In his training group, he adds, there were college football boys who couldn't hack it; those who survived were most often men in good shape, but they also had a willingness to show their concerns in favor of the mission. \n\nThe shooter's probably not the crew-cut , neatly shaven ideal we've come to expect from American fighting forces. \"He's bearded, rough-looking, like a street naughty boy,\" Marcinko supposes. \"You don't want to stick out.\" Marcinko calls it \"modified grooming standards.\" \n\nHis hands will be calloused , Smith says, or just rough enough,\" as Marcinko puts it. And \"he's got frag in him somewhere,\" Marcinko says, using the battlefield shorthand for \"fragments\" of bullets or explosive devices. This will not have been the shooter's first adventure. Marcinko estimates that he might have made a dozen or more deployments , tours when he was likely to have dealt with quite a number of dangerous situations, getting ready any time for explosive devices or bullets.", "question": "He is the author of which book?", "context": "Greitens is the author of The Heart And The Fist: The Education Of A Humanitarian, The Making Of A Navy Seal. Marcinko is the author of Rogue Warrior.", "based_on_pattern": "(Greitens)-[author of]->(The Heart And The Fist: The Education Of A Humanitarian, The Making Of A Navy Seal) || (Marcinko)-[author of]->(Rogue Warrior)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0713", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "What title is Jaime Escalante famously known by?", "context": "Jaime Escalante is famously known by the title 'The Best Teacher In America'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jaime Escalante)-[KNOWN_AS]->(The Best Teacher In America)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0714", "coqa_story": "The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the \u00c5\u0161rama\u00e1\u00b9\u2021a movement; the decline of \u00c5\u0161rauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. \n\nEvidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilization collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plain and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.", "question": "When is there evidence from them?", "context": "Anatomically Modern Humans has evidence from 75,000 Years Ago. Homo Erectus has evidence from 500,000 Years Ago.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anatomically Modern Humans)-[evidence from]->(75,000 Years Ago) || (Homo Erectus)-[evidence from]->(500,000 Years Ago)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0715", "coqa_story": "She almost did not run. Christine Williams admits that now. She could barely put one foot after another following the wake for her sister, who had died in an automobile accident. But she did run. With the cheers of friends and strangers reaching her heart, Williams set a C.W. Post record in Boston. Now she will run again, in the national Division II cross-country championships in Evansville, Ind. She wanted to be sure she was doing the right thing by running. She was the middle of three sisters, between Kerry, who is 25, and Jennifer, who was 18. \n\nJust going through any motions was hard enough, but Christine Williams wanted to know if she should put on her uniform and her shoes and run through the woods on an autumn afternoon, in the awful gaping time between her sister's wake and her funeral. \"I kind of got upset beforehand.\" Williams admitted. Not a chatterbox under normal conditions, she now holds herself the best way she can, the fewer words the better. She almost walked away from the start line. But her friend Angela Toscano, who had flown up to Boston with her, directly from the wake, was standing near the line and talked her through it. \"She said my sister would have wanted me to run.\" Christine said. And that was enough to get her started. \n\nThe accident happened just after midnight on Nov, 4. Four young women were driving in an unfamiliar area of Long Island in Eastport, N.Y., when one of them apparently ran a yield sign, and the car was hit by another vehicle. Heather Brownrigg and Jennifer Williams died, and their friends April Brown and Kaci Moran were treated at a hospital and released. \n\nThe crash made the papers. April Brown was charged with drunken driving and driving without a license. \n\nThe wake began on Nov. 6. The next day Christine was to run with the Post cross-country team at the regional meet. Rich Degnan, the Post coach,\"and Post officials offered a car service and tickets on the last flight-to Boston for Christine and Toscano. When they arrived at the hotel, the entire team was waiting up for her. \n\nEverybody knew about it at the regional meet. Degnan had to arrange for the flexibility of an alternate, just in case Christine could not go. Several times during the race, Christine felt she could not continue. But then she heard her friends and all those other people, those strangers from other colleges, calling her name. She thought about Jennifer. And she ran. She finished fourth in 22 minutes 58 seconds, breaking the Post record for the 6-kilometer distance by 15 seconds. And although the Post team didn't qualify for the nationals, Christine did.", "question": "What team failed to qualify for the National Division Ii Cross-Country Championships?", "context": "The Post Cross-Country Team did not qualify for the National Division Ii Cross-Country Championships.", "based_on_pattern": "(Post Cross-Country Team)-[DID_NOT_QUALIFY_FOR]->(National Division Ii Cross-Country Championships)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0716", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXX \n\nTHE LADY FROM BEYOND \n\nThe morning was sultry, brooding, steamy. Antonia was at her music, and from the room where Shelton tried to fix attention on a book he could hear her practising her scales with a cold fury that cast an added gloom upon his spirit. He did not see her until lunch, and then she again sat next the Connoisseur. Her cheeks were pale, but there was something feverish in her chatter to her neighbour; she still refused to look at Shelton. He felt very miserable. After lunch, when most of them had left the table, the rest fell to discussing country neighbours. \n\n\"Of course,\" said Mrs. Dennant, \"there are the Foliots; but nobody calls on them.\" \n\n\"Ah!\" said the Connoisseur, \"the Foliots--the Foliots--the people--er--who--quite so!\" \n\n\"It's really distressin'; she looks so sweet ridin' about. Many people with worse stories get called on,\" continued Mrs. Dennant, with that large frankness of intrusion upon doubtful subjects which may be made by certain people in a certain way, \"but, after all, one couldn't ask them to meet anybody.\" \n\n\"No,\" the Connoisseur assented. \"I used to know Foliot. Thousand pities. They say she was a very pretty woman.\" \n\n\"Oh, not pretty!\" said Mrs. Dennant! \"more interestin than pretty, I should say.\" \n\nShelton, who knew the lady slightly, noticed that they spoke of her as in the past. He did not look towards Antonia; for, though a little troubled at her presence while such a subject was discussed, he hated his conviction that her face, was as unruffled as though the Foliots had been a separate species. There was, in fact, a curiosity about her eyes, a faint impatience on her lips; she was rolling little crumbs of bread. Suddenly yawning, she muttered some remark, and rose. Shelton stopped her at the door. ", "question": "Who did Antonia refuse to look at?", "context": "Antonia refused to look at Shelton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Antonia)-[REFUSED_TO_LOOK_AT]->(Shelton)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0717", "coqa_story": "Will you want me to read a whole book in English? \n\nYes. Believe it or not, that may be easier than you think. Not all classics are so difficult or complicated. So you're not limited to the simplified versions. And the easier books are not all for children. \n\nIn the original versions ,books may send you to the dictionary. And you might not understand everything you read. But reading one from cover to cover will give you a real sense of accomplishment. \n\nThe key is to find the right books. Let's take a look at these. \n\nThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis) \n\nStepping into an old wardrobe, four English schoolchildren find themselves in the magical world of Narnia. On this delightful land, they find friends among the many talking creatures. \n\nThe children soon discover, however, that Narnia is ruled by the White Witch. Edmund, one of the children, falls under her power. Who can free Narnia? Only Aslan, the great and noble lion. He alone knows the Deeper Magic. But the children themselves must help fight the battle against the White Witch and those who serve her. \n\nThe Old Man and the Sea (Ernest Hemingway) \n\nSantiago, an old Cuban fisherman, hasn't caught any fish in more than 80 days. Sailing far out from land, the old man hooks an enormous fish. That begins an agonizing three-day battle. First he struggles against the great fish. Then he must fight off the sharks that circle the little boat and threaten to eat his fish. Exhausted and bleeding, the old man arrives back at shore. But his fish, his beautiful fish . . . \n\nHemingway won the Nobel Prize for this superb story of strength and courage, of victory and regret. \n\nA Wrinkle in Time (Madeleine Lingle) \n\nMeg's father, a U.S. government scientist, has been missing for many months. He had been experimenting with time travel when he mysteriously disappeared. \n\nNow Meg, her little brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin will try to rescue him. But first they must _ the forces of evil they encounter on their journey through time and space. Can they find Meg's father before it's too late? \n\nThis novel is more than just a science-fiction adventure. It's an exploration of the nature of our universe. \n\nThe Pearl (John Steinbeck) \n\nOne day Kino, a poor Mexican pearl diver, finds a magnificent pearl. With it he dreams of buying a better life, new clothes and schooling for his son. Instead, it brings only evil. His wife pleads with him to get rid of it. \"No,\" says Kino. \"I will have my chance. I am a man.\" But when he kills a man who is trying to steal the pearl, Kino and his wife must run for their lives. \n\nThis tale of dreams, justice and the power of greed is told simply and beautifully.", "question": "What scientific concept did Meg's Father experiment with?", "context": "Meg's Father experimented with time travel.", "based_on_pattern": "(Meg'S Father)-[EXPERIMENTED_WITH]->(Time Travel)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0718", "coqa_story": "Psychiatrists who work with older parents say that maturity can be an advantage in child raising--older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, decreasing energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken fear. \"Having late-life children often means parents, particularly fathers, end up retiring much later. For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.\" says Brandy Gabrielle, an economics professor. \n\nHenry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy. \"My body is aging,\" says Metcalf. \"You can't get away from that.\" \n\nOften, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. \"They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,\" says Joann Gals, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: \"that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their children,\" she says. \n\nMany late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of pregnancy treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. \"We both wanted children,\" says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years -- a sense of family. Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. \"The dads are older, more mature,\" says Dr. Silber, \"and more ready to focus on parenting.\"", "question": "At what age did Marilyn Nolen give birth?", "context": "Marilyn Nolen was 55 years old when she gave birth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Marilyn Nolen)-[AGE_AT_CHILDBIRTH]->(55)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0719", "coqa_story": "For Lee Ann Laraway, polio has made almost everything in life just out of reach. But what her hands can't retrieve, her assistant can. Meet Jeannie, a three-year-old help, has become Lee Ann's arms and legs. \n\nJeannie understands no fewer than 72 commands. To get a feel for what that means, Lee Ann takes us on a shopping trip in San Jose. First stop: The bank, where she got cash from the teller. From the bank, it's on to the drug store, where Jeannie got a candy bar for Lee Ann. Then Jeannie helped pay the cashier, and got change hack. \n\n\"When you have a really good working animal, they come and interact with you all the time,\" Lee Ann said. While there's no argument that Jeannie is an ordinary animal, she wasn't born that way. She was tutored and trained here at a facility that has become the final legacy of one of the Bay Area's most beloved figures. \n\nCanine Companions for Independence sits on twelve acres of land in Santa Rosa donated by late Peanuts cartoonist Charles Shultz, Here, handlers work with specially selected labs for hours a day-- but not every dog will make the cut. \n\nThe work is serious Business. In the case of hearing dogs, the animals alert their disabled owners to everything from ringing telephones to doorbells. \n\nOther dogs will work with severely disabled patients like eight-year-old Noah Habib of Mountain View who communicates with a special computer. \"I like it when new people come up to ask me about my dog,\" he says. \"People are really interested in the dog and will come over and ask to pet her and ask to play with her, and ask about what she does, and these are people that normally might not approach us and want to talk to Noah,\" says his Dad. \n\nAnd back in San Jose Lee Ann is arriving home with Jeannie and her groceries. With just one chore left--opening her own door. \"You can train a dog to do a lot of things,\" said Lee Ann. \"You cannot give them the heart to do the job, and that is what a good working dog has.\"", "question": "Where do they reside?", "context": "Lee Ann Laraway resides in San Jose. Noah Habib resides in Mountain View.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lee Ann Laraway)-[resides in]->(San Jose) || (Noah Habib)-[resides in]->(Mountain View)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0720", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. A siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. We stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. Just before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" We let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Amir is the son of Baba. Hassan is the son of Ali.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amir)-[son of]->(Baba) || (Hassan)-[son of]->(Ali)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0721", "coqa_story": "The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge\", is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. Originally organized as the \"United States National Museum\", that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967. \n\nTermed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's nineteen museums, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York City, Pittsburgh, Texas, Virginia, and Panama. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates. \n\nThe Institution's thirty million annual visitors are admitted without charge. Its annual budget is around $1.2 billion with 2/3 coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the Institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. Institution publications include \"Smithsonian\" and \"Air & Space\" magazines. \n\nThe British scientist James Smithson (1765\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1829) left most of his wealth to his nephew Henry James Hungerford. When Hungerford died childless in 1835, the estate passed \"to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among men\", in accordance with Smithson's will. Congress officially accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation, and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust on July 1, 1836. The American diplomat Richard Rush was dispatched to England by President Andrew Jackson to collect the bequest. Rush returned in August 1838 with 105 sacks containing 104,960 gold sovereigns (about $500,000 at the time, which is ).", "question": "When did he die?", "context": "Henry James Hungerford died in 1835. James Smithson died in 1829.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry James Hungerford)-[died in]->(1835) || (James Smithson)-[died in]->(1829)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0722", "coqa_story": "(CNN)\"A long, long, time ago...\" \n\nThose five words, when uttered or sung, makes baby boomers immediately think of Don McLean's pop masterpiece \"American Pie.\" It's hard to believe that his phenomenal 8\u00c2\u00bd minute allegory, which millions of Americans know by heart, is 44 years old. All sorts of historical cross-currents play off each other in this timeless song, brilliantly gilded with the unforgettable chorus, which starts as \"Bye, Bye, Miss American Pie.\" There is no real way to categorize McLean's \"American Pie\" for its hybrid of modern poetry and folk ballad, beer-hall chant and high-art rock. \n\nOn Tuesday, Christie's sold the 16-page handwritten manuscript of the song's lyrics for $1.2 million to an unnamed buyer. \n\nMcLean was a paperboy when, on February 3, 1959, he saw that Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson had been tragically killed in an airplane crash in Clear Lake, Iowa. \"The next day I went to school in shock and guess what?\" McLean recalled. \"Nobody cared. Rock 'n' roll in those days was sort of like hula hoops and Buddy hadn't had a big hit on the charts since '57.\" By cathartically writing \"American Pie,\" McLean has guaranteed that the memory of those great musicians lives forever. \n\nHaving recorded his first album, \"Tapestry,\" in 1969, in Berkeley, California, during the student riots, McLean, a native New Yorker, became a kind of weather vane for what he called the \"generation lost in space.\" When his cultural anthem \"American Pie\" was released in November 1971, it replaced Bob Dylan's \"The Times They Are A Changin\" as the Peoples Almanac of the new decade. It's important to think of \"American Pie\" as one would of Henry Longfellow's \"Evangeline\" or Johnny Mercer's \"Moon River\" -- an essential Americana poem emanating wistful recollection, blues valentine, and youthful protest rolled into one. There is magic brewing in the music and words of \"American Pie,\" for McLean's lyrics and melody frame a cosmic dream, like those Jack Kerouac tried to conjure in his poetry-infused novel \"On the Road.\" ", "question": "What did he author?", "context": "Bob Dylan authored The Times They Are A Changin. Henry Longfellow authored Evangeline. Johnny Mercer authored Moon River. Jack Kerouac authored On The Road. Don Mclean authored American Pie.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bob Dylan)-[authored]->(The Times They Are A Changin) || (Henry Longfellow)-[authored]->(Evangeline) || (Johnny Mercer)-[authored]->(Moon River) || (Jack Kerouac)-[authored]->(On The Road) || (Don Mclean)-[authored]->(American Pie)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0723", "coqa_story": "Time:2017-01-24 From:kekenet.com Editor: clover \n\nThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump administration. \n\nJack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland, he said, \"China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time. He's open-minded, he's listening.\" \n\n_ said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse. \n\nLast week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform. \n\nDuring the campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan. \n\nTrump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies. \n\nAccording to theSouth China Morning Post, Ma said, \"American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization.\" He added that the U.S. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization. \n\nHowever, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way. \n\nThe American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies. \n\nWilliam Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, \"we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market.\" \n\nAnother major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year. \n\nMa defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem. \n\n\"Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness,\" Ma said. \n\nI'm Mario Ritter.", "question": "He is the chairman of which organization?", "context": "William Zarit is chairman of American Chamber Of Commerce In China. Jack Ma is chairman of Alibaba.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Zarit)-[is chairman of]->(American Chamber Of Commerce In China) || (Jack Ma)-[is chairman of]->(Alibaba)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0724", "coqa_story": "I loved my aunt Suzy. She was such a kind old lady. I loved going to her house on holiday. She had been sick for the last few years and, though my job had taken me away across the town, I tried to visit her as much as possible. I helped with the shopping, the cooking and the cleaning and taking her pet cat Mazy to the vet. \n\nSad as her passing away was, what happened to Mazy was even more worrying. Because aunt Suzy had no children, there wasn't anyone who seemed to care for her beloved cat friend. I would have taken her in a short time, but my apartment doesn't allow pets. First, we talked with her neighbors. Mr. Jenkins, who was alone and lived across the street, wasn't interested. Joe and Sally who lived next door had a small child with serious skin allergies . My aunt's best friend Molly who had lived just down the road was unable to take care of herself as she had serious health problems. \n\nSecond, we thought about our family members. My brother Bobby and his wife Jill were _ at once as they aren't cat people. My cousin in California was a bit interested, but we weren't sure about the trip as Mazy was nearly as old as my aunt (in cat years!). Finally, we came to the local humane society to see whether they would be able to help her find a new home. The problem was that most people and families only welcomed a smart little cat into their home, not a dull old one. \n\nIn the end, we had to put Mazy to sleep. I had spoken with the vet and realized it was possible for the best. It was so hard to lose aunt Suzy and then have nowhere for Mazy to live. A few months went by and I had gone to my aunt's house to clear out some of her belongings. I happened to see her mailman. Jerry and we started to talk about my aunt when he asked about Mazy. I told him that we had to put Mazy to sleep because we couldn't find a home for her. Jerry got really quiet. \"I promised Suzy that if anything ever happened to her, I'd take care of Mazy\", he said sadly. \"Suzy always said she'd told her lawyer the arrangement.\" \n\nHearing this, my heart sank to my feet and I almost cried. The saddest part, I realized, was this all could have been avoided. I guess we were just so busy in those final months that we didn't think about it. We could have called my aunt's lawyer to take care of it in less than 10 minutes. I'll never forgive myself for not thinking of it sooner. And I'll never forgive myself for losing Mazy.", "question": "Who is his spouse?", "context": "Bobby is the spouse of Jill. Joe is the spouse of Sally.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bobby)-[is spouse of]->(Jill) || (Joe)-[is spouse of]->(Sally)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0725", "coqa_story": "1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist.So he invented a very simple camera .He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo. \n\nThe next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different processs. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype. \n\nSoon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travellers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains. \n\nIn about 1840, the process was improved. Now photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States, where from the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities. \n\nMathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality. \n\nBrady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible \n\nIn the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive. \n\nWith the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favourite places. They called these pictures \"snapshots\". \n\nPhotographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings. \n\nPhotography had turned into a form of art by the beginning of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.", "question": "What did he invent?", "context": "Niepce invented the Camera. Daguerre invented the Daguerreotype.", "based_on_pattern": "(Niepce)-[invented]->(Camera) || (Daguerre)-[invented]->(Daguerreotype)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0726", "coqa_story": "When your pet meets your infant ,it might not be love at first sniff. When Jennifer brought her baby home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her Boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming. \"If any diapers or toys were on the floor, he peed on them,\" says the Greenbrier, mom. In the eyes of a pet, there's a new star in home who's stealing his spotlight. Even the gentlest animal will probably act up if he doesn't get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust and keep your baby safe. \n\nIntroduce Them with Care \n\nYour newborn and per's first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz:\"Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she'd know our newborn Devon's smell.\" When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog probably wants to investigate right away. \n\nTo introduce your baby, get down on your pet's level and let her have a hello sniff. Don't panic and pull your baby away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it'll send the message that the baby is a threat. \n\nLearn the Safety Basics \n\nNo matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow. Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby's crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet's access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet , try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture. You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate .", "question": "What breed is it?", "context": "Sonya is a Boxer. Tiger is a Pomeranian.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sonya)-[is breed]->(Boxer) || (Tiger)-[is breed]->(Pomeranian)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0727", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Treasure hunter Christian Hanisch told CNN Thursday that the hunt for Nazi Gold and possibly the legendary Amber Room will end Friday after the two men leading the expedition had a disagreement. \n\nTreasure hunters began drilling again Tuesday to try to locate the lost Nazi gold. \n\nHeinz-Peter Haustein, the other treasure hunter, told Germany's Bild newspaper that geophysicists will now re-evaluate the situation and that digging may resume in two weeks. CNN has so far not been able to reach Haustein for confirmation. \n\n\"Haustein told me to get out of here immediately,\" an angry Hanisch told CNN in a telephone interview. \n\nHe said Haustein, who is also the mayor of the village Deutschneudorf, where the digging is taking place, told him he wanted to make the expedition more credible by calling in the scientists. See photos from hunt for lost Nazi gold \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"It can't get any more credible than now,\" said Hanisch, whose measurements had allegedly pinpointed the treasure. \n\nHe said the drilling taking place at the site never focused on the exact coordinates he had provided. \"They just always dug around there, but never at the exact location where I wanted them to dig,\" he said. \n\nThe two treasure hunters had said geological surveying had revealed an underground cave holding large amounts of precious metal. They said it could be a holding area dug by the Nazis who used it to stash valuables in World War II. \n\nHaustein said he also believes the legendary Amber Room, an interior made of gold and amber that the Nazis had looted from a palace in St. Petersburg, after Adolf Hitler's forces invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, was also hidden somewhere in the mountains around Deutschneudorf -- and that finding a stash of gold could give clues as to the whereabouts of the Amber Room. ", "question": "When did the Nazis stash valuables?", "context": "The Nazis stashed valuables during World War II.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nazis)-[STASHED_VALUABLES_DURING]->(World War Ii)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0728", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER C - DOWN IN SUFFOLK \n\nIt need hardly be said that Paul Montague was not long in adjusting his affairs with Hetta after the visit which he received from Roger Carbury. Early on the following morning he was once more in Welbeck Street, taking the brooch with him; and though at first Lady Carbury kept up her opposition, she did it after so weak a fashion as to throw in fact very little difficulty in his way. Hetta understood perfectly that she was in this matter stronger than her mother and that she need fear nothing, now that Roger Carbury was on her side. 'I don't know what you mean to live on,' Lady Carbury said, threatening future evils in a plaintive tone. Hetta repeated, though in other language, the assurance which the young lady made who declared that if her future husband would consent to live on potatoes, she would be quite satisfied with the potato-peelings; while Paul made some vague allusion to the satisfactory nature of his final arrangements with the house of Fisker, Montague, and Montague. 'I don't see anything like an income,' said Lady Carbury; 'but I suppose Roger will make it right. He takes everything upon himself now it seems.' But this was before the halcyon day of Mr Broune's second offer. \n\nIt was at any rate decided that they were to be married, and the time fixed for the marriage was to be the following spring. When this was finally arranged Roger Carbury, who had returned to his own home, conceived the idea that it would be well that Hetta should pass the autumn and if possible the winter also down in Suffolk, so that she might get used to him in the capacity which he now aspired to fill; and with that object he induced Mrs Yeld, the Bishop's wife, to invite her down to the palace. Hetta accepted the invitation and left London before she could hear the tidings of her mother's engagement with Mr Broune. ", "question": "Who are they engaged to?", "context": "Paul Montague is engaged to Hetta. Lady Carbury is engaged to Mr Broune.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul Montague)-[engaged to]->(Hetta) || (Lady Carbury)-[engaged to]->(Mr Broune)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0729", "coqa_story": "How important is color in the business world? Google, one of the biggest U.S. companies, is trying to find it out. The company has already found \"a close connection between color and satisfaction with a person's work area\". That's according to its spokeswoman named Meghan Casserly. \"Color is a silent salesperson,\" said Elyria Kemp. She is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of New Orleans. Kemp is following color trends in business. She is studying the connection between feelings and color. According to Kemp, when people make an evaluation of a product, usually they do this within 90 seconds or less. Besides, more than half of their first evaluation is based on (......) color alone. That's why so many companies are researching their color choices. They are spending thousands of dollars on the research, too. Just think of UPS's Pullman brown, Home Depot's orange and Tiffany & Co.'s blue. Joclyn Benedetto is a spokeswoman for Tiffany & Co. She said the success of the company's jewelry was connected to its blue color. It is used to wrap every product. She said the color was chosen by the founder Charles Lewis Tiffany for the cover of Blue Book, Tiffany's annual collection of beautifully hand-made jewels, which first came out in 1845. Coca-Cola's red color also dates back more than 100 years. The soft drink was shipped in barrels painted red. A spokesperson for Home Depot said research showed that the first thing people thought of was orange when they heard the name of the company. Smaller companies are also realizing the importance of color. But picking the right color is important. \"You know when something is right because you get a feeling of safety, and it's not something that you think about. It just will hit you,\" said Emil Hagopian, a distributor for Mar Plast Color Building Accessories in Ann Arbor, Mich. \"And sometimes, if it's done wrong, that also hits you.\"", "question": "For which publication's cover did Charles Lewis Tiffany choose the color?", "context": "Charles Lewis Tiffany chose the color for the cover of the Blue Book.", "based_on_pattern": "(Charles Lewis Tiffany)-[CHOSE_COLOR_FOR_COVER]->(Blue Book)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0730", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- In most of the country, employers can force pregnant workers out of the workplace when their pregnancy interferes with their normal job duties. \n\nHeather Wiseman, a retail sales associate, lost her job because consuming water while working, an activity necessary to maintain a healthy pregnancy, violated store policy. \n\nVictoria Serednyj, a nursing home activity director, lost her job because her pregnancy interfered with her ability to lift heavy tables. Her employer terminated her employment even though lifting tables \"took up a small part, roughly five to 10 minutes\" of her day and her co-workers volunteered to perform this task. \n\nWorkers covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act, by contrast, can continue working despite their physical limitations. \n\nThe Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008 broadened the ADA to include many short-term and relatively minor physical conditions. Pregnant women who experience comparable physical limitations should also have the opportunity to receive accommodations that will enable them to continue working. \n\nAccording to EEOC regulations issued in 2011, the amended ADA requires employers to accommodate persons who experience \"shortness of breath and fatigue when walking distances that most people could walk without experiencing such effects.\" \n\nIt also requires employers to accommodate persons with back injuries resulting in a \"20-pound lifting restriction that lasts or is expected to last for several months.\" In some circumstances, even a far more common 50-pound lifting restriction may qualify an individual for ADA coverage. \n\nTo date, courts have balked at including pregnancy within the Americans with Disabilities Act. They've reasoned the physical limitations accompanying pregnancy are too short-term and minor to qualify as disabilities. ", "question": "What is her occupation?", "context": "Heather Wiseman has occupation Retail Sales Associate. Victoria Serednyj has occupation Nursing Home Activity Director.", "based_on_pattern": "(Heather Wiseman)-[has occupation]->(Retail Sales Associate) || (Victoria Serednyj)-[has occupation]->(Nursing Home Activity Director)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0731", "coqa_story": "First Lady Michelle Obama urged students to visit China at the \"100,000 Strong\" China Study Abroad forum at Howard University in 2011. \n\nPresident Barack Obama announced the \"100,000 Strong\" Initiative during his 2009 visit to China. The program aims to increase and diversify the number of American students studying in China by making studying abroad more affordable. \n\nDuring the event at Howard, Mrs. Obama spoke about the importance of studying abroad, something she never did while in college. \"Studying in countries like China is about so much more than just improving your own prospects in the global market. The fact is that with every friendship you make and every bond of trust you establish you are shaping an image of America projected to the rest of the world,\" she said. \n\nDavid Marzban from Pepperdine University recalled a time when he formed a cross-cultural bond with a complete stranger at a restaurant near Fudan University in Shanghai. He noticed a young chef signaling him to come over. \"He presses the play button on his media player and starts singing 'California Dreaming' and wants me to sing along with him,\" Marzban said. \"At this time I knew a great friendship had started during my first two weeks in China.\" \n\nNicole Baden, a senior communications major at Howard University, recalled how her time in China really helped her master the language. \"You have to experience the culture while learning the language to really master it and to understand why things are how they are compared to your own culture,\" Baden said. \n\nMrs. Obama encouraged students to set aside concept that studying abroad is for rich kids only or for those attending certain schools. In addition, the first lady announced that the Chinese government is giving 10,000 \"Bridge Scholarships\" to cover costs for American students and teachers studying in China. \n\nStudents from several schools attended the forum. 12-year-old Sarah Davis, who studied in China last summer, said she was very excited to hear Michelle Obama talk about the country. \"I love Chinese. Out of all the languages I've learned, Chinese is the most difficult and interesting,\" she said.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Fudan University is located in Shanghai. Shanghai is located in China.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fudan University)-[located in]->(Shanghai) || (Shanghai)-[located in]->(China)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0732", "coqa_story": "The connection shared by grandparents and grandchildren is something very special and despite the changing family situation, it still remains strong across generations. For most of us, our grandparents were our first best friends, the ones with whom we shared our secrets and our pain. \n\nIn majority of the cases, grandparents would have babysat their grandchildren while parents were busy working and didn't have much time for their children. Even as a kid grows up, the love and affection for grandparents never dies, and for many teens, visiting grandparents or living with them in the same house is a pleasure. Kedar Patwary, a mass communication student, says, \"I often end up having long conversations with my grandfather about the evolution of Indian society and I really admire him for the patience with which he answers all my questions. \" \n\nMany teenagers feel that their parents treat them as grown-ups, while their grandparents give them much freedom. \n\nLeela Narayanan, a grandmother. says that she loves to \n\nher grandchildren and cook favorite dishes for them. She further adds that her eldest granddaughter, who is now 19, was brought up by her till she was four and the closeness they shared remains the same even now. \n\nAt times, the gap m generations plays a negative role, when grandparents find it difficult adjusting to the modern lifestyle. Technology is what works against this relationship. Youngsters' eing crazy about with gadgets leaves them with no time for their loved ones. \n\nMaria Kutty, is a grandmother t0 12 kids. Her face lights up every time her grandchildren are mentioned. But she has one complaint. \"All my children stay close to me but when they come to visit and I want to spend time with them, I can't find them anywhere. They only have time for clickety-clackety things in their hands. Sometimes they listen to loud music and talk about things I don't understand. I feel very sad when I think of all those times,\" she says.", "question": "Who is she the grandmother of?", "context": "Maria Kutty is grandmother of Maria Kutty'S 12 Grandchildren. Leela Narayanan is grandmother of Leela Narayanan'S Eldest Granddaughter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Maria Kutty)-[is grandmother of]->(Maria Kutty'S 12 Grandchildren) || (Leela Narayanan)-[is grandmother of]->(Leela Narayanan'S Eldest Granddaughter)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0733", "coqa_story": "Fred Astaire was born in Nebraska in 1899. Fred and his sister, Adele, learned to dance when they were very young. Their mother took them to New York to study dance. They performed in their first professional show when Fred was ten years old and Adele was twelve. Later, as teenagers, the two danced in many shows throughout the United States. Their first big success was on Broadway in 1917. The Astaires -- as they were known --- became Broadway stars. However, in 1932, Adele Astaire married a British man, and stopped performing. But Fred did not give up his dream. He would go on alone, in the movies. Fred said, \"Dancing is a sweaty job. You cannot just sit down and do it. You have to get up on your feet. It takes time to get a dance right, to create something memorable. I always try to get to know my dance so well that I do not have to think.\" In 1949, Fred Astaire won a special award for his film work from America's Motion Picture Academy. He also won awards from the television industry for a number of his television programs.[:ZXXK] Fred stopped dancing in 1970. He was more than seventy years old at the time. He said a dancer could not continue dancing forever. He said he did not want to disappoint anyone, even himself. He danced again in public only once after that. It was with another great male dancer, Gene Kelly, in the movie \"That's Entertainment, Part Two\". Fred Astaire and his first wife, Phyllis, had three children. Phyllis died in 1954. Twenty-five years later, Fred married race horse rider Robyn Smith. Fred Astaire died on June 22, 1987. He was eighty-eight years old. He was called the greatest dancer in the world. His dancing was called perfect. And moviegoers everywhere will remember him as a great performer whose work will live forever in his films.", "question": "Who is her sibling?", "context": "Fred Astaire has sibling Adele. Adele has sibling Fred Astaire.", "based_on_pattern": "(Fred Astaire)-[has sibling]->(Adele) || (Adele)-[has sibling]->(Fred Astaire)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0734", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "What mathematical structure is Boolean Algebra considered to be isomorphic to?", "context": "Boolean Algebra is isomorphic to a Field Of Sets.", "based_on_pattern": "(Boolean Algebra)-[IS_ISOMORPHIC_TO]->(Field Of Sets)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0735", "coqa_story": "In a surprising result, the No. 69 Middle School girls' football team yesterday beat their school's boys' team. The boys' team often helped the girls with their training . They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4 -- 3. After the game, Wu Nai, head of the boys' team, was very unhappy. \"We all thought this would be an easy game,\" he said. \"We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the saddest day of my life. \" But Mr Hu, the boys' PE teacher, said he thought the girls should win. \"The boys were too confident ,\" he said. \"I told them before the match that they needed to play well. They all thought that girls' football was a joke. Now they know better. They didn't play carefully, and they lost.\" The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2 - 0. Their best player, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the mid-field player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only the second minute of the match. After the first half hour, the boys seemed to become too confident. At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous , but then they became more and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin made the score 2 - 1. In the second half, the boys were the first to score. It was from Lu Ming. After that the boys became lazy, but the girls kept on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th minute, to make the score 3 -- 2. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the last score 4-3. It was a surprising finish. The girls' PE teacher, Miss Wang, was very pleased with their work. \"They were great!\" She said. \"I told them they could win. I told them that the most important thing was teamwork. The boys' team had some good players, but my girls were a better team!\"", "question": "How did the No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team assist the No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team?", "context": "The No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team helped the No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team with their training.", "based_on_pattern": "(No. 69 Middle School Boys' Football Team)-[HELPED_WITH_TRAINING]->(No. 69 Middle School Girls' Football Team)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0736", "coqa_story": "MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated as MyTV, MyNet, MNT or MNTV) is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group division of 21st Century Fox, and operated by subsidiaries Fox Television Stations and 20th Television. MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5, 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country, most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks, The CW. \n\nOn September 28, 2009, following disappointment with the network's results, MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service, similar to Ion Television, relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series. \n\nMyNetworkTV arose from the January 2006 announcement of the launch of The CW, a television network formed by CBS Corporation and Time Warner which essentially combined programming from The WB and UPN onto the scheduling model of the former of the two predecessors. As a result of several deals earlier in the decade, Fox Television Stations owned several UPN affiliates, including the network's three largest stations: WWOR-TV in Secaucus, New Jersey (part of the New York City market), KCOP-TV in Los Angeles and WPWR-TV in Chicago. Fox had acquired WWOR and KCOP after purchasing most of the television holdings of UPN's founding partner Chris-Craft Industries, while WPWR was purchased by the company in 2003 from Newsweb Corporation. Despite concerns about UPN's future that came up after Fox purchased the Chris-Craft stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with the network's Fox-owned affiliates in 2003. That agreement's pending expiration, along with those involving other broadcasting companies, in 2006 as well as persistent financial losses for both it and The WB gave CBS Corporation (the parent company of UPN) and Time Warner (parent of The WB) the rare opportunity to merge their respective struggling networks into The CW.", "question": "What is it the parent company of?", "context": "Cbs Corporation is the parent company of Upn. Time Warner is the parent company of The Wb.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cbs Corporation)-[parent company of]->(Upn) || (Time Warner)-[parent company of]->(The Wb)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0737", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "When did he die?", "context": "Peter Mark Roget died in 1869. Noah Webster died in 1843.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Mark Roget)-[died in]->(1869) || (Noah Webster)-[died in]->(1843)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0738", "coqa_story": "Since 1989, Dave Thomas , who died at age 69 ,was one of the most recognizable faces on TV . He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter ,\"As long as it works ,\" he said in 1991 , \"I'll continue to do those commercials .\" \n\nEven though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. \"He still won't let anyone see his feet ,which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes ,\" Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother , he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan . After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work .\"He fed me ,\"Thomas said ,\"and if I got out of line , he'd beat me .\" \n\nMoving out on his own at 15 ,Thomas worked , first as a waiter ,in many restaurants .But he had something much better in mind .\"I thought if I owned a restaurant ,\"he said ,\"I could eat for free.\" A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. \n\nIn 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers , in Columbus ,Ohio ,which set itself apart by serving made-to -order burgers .With 6,000 restaurants worldwide ,the chair now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales . \n\nAlthough troubled by his own experience with adoption ,Thomas , married since 1954 to Lorraine ,66 ,and with four grown kids besides Wendy ,felt it could offer a future for other children . He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992. \n\nIn 1993, Thomas ,who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida . He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party .The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed . \n\n\"The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,\" says friends Pat Williams .\"He wasn't a great actor or a great speaker. _ \"", "question": "What professional role did Dave Thomas hold at Kentucky Fried Chicken?", "context": "Dave Thomas was the manager of Kentucky Fried Chicken.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dave Thomas)-[MANAGER_OF]->(Kentucky Fried Chicken)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0739", "coqa_story": "More college graduates in China are seeking for work experience instead of advanced degrees, a survey shows. The practical approach, coupled with a record number of students graduating from college, is expected to strengthen competition in the job market, analysts said. \n\nMore than 76 percent of university students said they wanted to work after earning their degrees this summer, up from 68.5 percent in 2012 and 73.6 percent last year, according to poll results from Zhaopin.com, a major online agency, Zhu Bo. \n\nThe annual survey also shows that about 20 percent university graduates chose to further education after graduation, while about 3 percent wanted to start their own businesses. \n\nZeng Hao ,a 25-year-old media major, managed to land a job in a publishing company in Zhongshan, Guangdong province, before he received his master's degree from the University of Macau in June. \" Work experience really matters in the publishing industry\" he said. \n\nWei Guihong , a program administrator at Nanjing University, said about 60 percent of the school's graduates entered the labor market every year. \"More and more students majoring in a foreign language choose to go abroad to continue their studies to improve their language skills,\" she said continuously, \"That's perhaps a bright future.\" \n\nLiu Junsheng , a researcher at the Labor and Wage Institute of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, believes that economic conditions play a vital role in shaping college graduates' choices .\"There were fewer job opportunities in the market. \" he said. \"Although academic degrees still matter, more and more employers value job seekers' work experience.\" he said. \n\nThe Zhaopin.com survey shows that each of the graduates sent resumes on average to about 28 potential employers and received five interview opportunities.", "question": "What is their role?", "context": "Wei Guihong has the role of Program Administrator. Liu Junsheng has the role of Researcher.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wei Guihong)-[has role]->(Program Administrator) || (Liu Junsheng)-[has role]->(Researcher)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0740", "coqa_story": "Michael Jackson fans are coming a Chicago museum to see a 3,000 year old Egyptian statue which looks remarkably like the late king of pop. Staff have been since Jackson's death as thousands of mourners visit the exhibition to pay tribute to the star. The statue has skinny cheeks and - most strikingly - a tipless nose. It is on display at the Ancient Egypt exhibition at The Field Museum in the United States. The bust was bought in Cairo in 1889 and has been on display at the museum for 21 years. But its popularity has risen rapidly since Michael Jackson's death after fans started writing about the ancient statue on internet blogs. The bust was carved during the New Kingdom Period, which ran between 1550 BC to 1050 BC. This was around the same time as famous Egyptians Ramesses and King Tut. The museum's 4,500 daily visitors are banned from touching or kissing the statue, which is protected behind a glass screen. Astonished fans stand admiring the statue and discussing its likeness with others who have travelled to see it. Darnell Williams, the director of guest relations, said some fans were treating a visit to the museum like a pilgrimage . He said: \"The statue has been here for years but interest has been raised since Michael Jackson's death. People are coming from all over the country to see the statue and compare its likeness to the king of pop. \"They want to touch and kiss the model like it is some sort of God but it is behind a screen to protect it from damage. Once people see it they are astounded and can't stop talking about its likeness. It really is remarkable.\" James Phillips, manager of near east and north African exhibits, said little was known about the origins of the model. He said: \"The likeness is astonishing but I think it is probably a coincidence. We do not believe Michael Jackson ever visited the museum or saw the exhibit and there is therefore little chance he based his image on it. We believe the model is missing a nose because early Christians or Muslims removed noses from paintings and models to make them non-human.", "question": "What title does he have?", "context": "Darnell Williams has the title Director Of Guest Relations. James Phillips has the title Manager Of Near East And North African Exhibits.", "based_on_pattern": "(Darnell Williams)-[has title]->(Director Of Guest Relations) || (James Phillips)-[has title]->(Manager Of Near East And North African Exhibits)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0741", "coqa_story": "It never occurred to Sun Yukun that the decision he made four years ago would have an impact on his career. When the 22-year-old entered college in 2009, he decided not to change his rural residence to a students' collective one. But when he finished college and was offered a job with a state-owned enterprise in Beijing, Sun was told that he couldn't accept the offer unless he had an urban hukou (household registration record). This time, he had no choice but to change his residence status. Transferring hukou to a university became optional in 2003, and many students are confronted with the dilemma of whether to do so or not. Professionals suggest they make the decision based on their current situation and future plans. 'I regret transferring my hukou' Wang Jinbi, 20, is an accounting major at Beijing Union University. Coming from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, she transferred her hukou when she enrolled at university. \"I didn't think it was a big deal,\" Wang says. \"Since I'm registering under an urban hukou, it doesn't matter whether it's in Beijing or Inner Mongolia, I thought.\" What Wang didn't expect, however, is that she would regret her decision later. \"After two years of study, I've figured out my future plans. I want to return to my hometown and make a living there,\" she says. That means Wang needs to transfer her hukou back again, which she worries will be a troublesome procedure. \"I have a friend who graduated last year. She spent a lot of time and energy transferring her hukou back to her hometown again due to complicated paperworks,\" says Wang. Guidelines for transferring hukou Wang's experience is not uncommon. Many students don't know what their decision means for their future. In order to help these students, Xie Yongqiang, from the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Justice, posted a guideline for transferring hukou on a micro blog. According to Xie, students should firstly think about where they're going to stay. \"If you like the city where you're studying and are considering staying there after graduation, then you should transfer your hukou,\" he wrote. Students should also transfer their hukou if they intend to participate in an exchange program. According to Ju Haojie, deputy director of the household registration department at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, when applying for exchange programs, it saves a lot of trouble if students have a collective hukou registered under the university. But Xie also made suggestions for students with a rural registration. \"If your family has land and a house, it's possible that you'll get a share of compensation in the event of a forced relocation. For those students, I would recommend them not to transfer their hukou,\" he wrote. This doesn't affect students in terms of receiving medical insurance and other benefits at university. 'I want to stay in Beijing' Sometimes, students abandon their rural hukou for the prospect of a better future. Tang Yanwei is one of them. The 23-year-old from Yantai, Shandong province, had a rural hukou but transferred it after enrolling at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. Although there are a lot of preferential policies for rural residents, for Tang, an urban hukou in Beijing is attractive. \"I want to stay in Beijing, so a students' collective Beijing urban hukou is a promising start,\" he says. \"I'll do anything that could help me stay here. After all, there's no turning back for me now.\"", "question": "At which university is Tang Yanwei enrolled?", "context": "Tang Yanwei is enrolled at Beijing University Of Civil Engineering And Architecture.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tang Yanwei)-[ENROLLED_AT]->(Beijing University Of Civil Engineering And Architecture)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0742", "coqa_story": "How important is color in the business world? Google, one of the biggest U.S. companies, is trying to find it out. The company has already found \"a close connection between color and satisfaction with a person's work area\". That's according to its spokeswoman named Meghan Casserly. \"Color is a silent salesperson,\" said Elyria Kemp. She is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of New Orleans. Kemp is following color trends in business. She is studying the connection between feelings and color. According to Kemp, when people make an evaluation of a product, usually they do this within 90 seconds or less. Besides, more than half of their first evaluation is based on (......) color alone. That's why so many companies are researching their color choices. They are spending thousands of dollars on the research, too. Just think of UPS's Pullman brown, Home Depot's orange and Tiffany & Co.'s blue. Joclyn Benedetto is a spokeswoman for Tiffany & Co. She said the success of the company's jewelry was connected to its blue color. It is used to wrap every product. She said the color was chosen by the founder Charles Lewis Tiffany for the cover of Blue Book, Tiffany's annual collection of beautifully hand-made jewels, which first came out in 1845. Coca-Cola's red color also dates back more than 100 years. The soft drink was shipped in barrels painted red. A spokesperson for Home Depot said research showed that the first thing people thought of was orange when they heard the name of the company. Smaller companies are also realizing the importance of color. But picking the right color is important. \"You know when something is right because you get a feeling of safety, and it's not something that you think about. It just will hit you,\" said Emil Hagopian, a distributor for Mar Plast Color Building Accessories in Ann Arbor, Mich. \"And sometimes, if it's done wrong, that also hits you.\"", "question": "Who is its spokesperson?", "context": "Tiffany & Co. has spokesperson Joclyn Benedetto. Google has spokesperson Meghan Casserly.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tiffany & Co.)-[has spokesperson]->(Joclyn Benedetto) || (Google)-[has spokesperson]->(Meghan Casserly)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0743", "coqa_story": "On a lot of occasions, you have to make some public speaking. However, public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearance of all kinds. \n\nMost people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways. \n\nWhile extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal , it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British Comedian Julian, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect. \n\nIn fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. \n\nActual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true. \n\nLikewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you've been cheated. \n\nAlthough, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana's funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers. \n\nBut, being yourself doesn't work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. \n\nI remember going to see British psychiatrist R.D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it. \n\nThe best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of \"flow\", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.", "question": "What subject did the British psychiatrist R.D. Laing write about?", "context": "R.D. Laing wrote about mental illness.", "based_on_pattern": "(R.D. Laing)-[WROTE_ON]->(Mental Illness)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0744", "coqa_story": "The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples: kilohertz (10 Hz, kHz), megahertz (10 Hz, MHz), gigahertz (10 Hz, GHz), and terahertz (10 Hz, THz). \n\nSome of the unit's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. \n\nThe hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i.e., \"1/second\" or formula_1. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as \"the duration of 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom\" and then adds the obvious conclusion: \"It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 hertz, \u00ce\u00bd(hfs Cs) = 9\u00c2\u00a0192\u00c2\u00a0631\u00c2\u00a0770 Hz.\" \n\nIn English, \"hertz\" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz), MHz (megahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz), GHz (gigahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz) and THz (terahertz, 10\u00c2\u00a0Hz). One hertz simply means \"one cycle per second\" (typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle); 100\u00c2\u00a0Hz means \"one hundred cycles per second\", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event\u00e2\u20ac\u201dfor example, a clock might be said to tick at 1\u00c2\u00a0Hz, or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2\u00c2\u00a0Hz. The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second (1/s or s) in general or, in the specific case of radioactive decay, in becquerels. Whereas 1\u00c2\u00a0Hz is 1 cycle per second, 1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second.", "question": "What scientific concept did Heinrich Rudolf Hertz prove the existence of?", "context": "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.", "based_on_pattern": "(Heinrich Rudolf Hertz)-[PROVED_EXISTENCE_OF]->(Electromagnetic Waves)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0745", "coqa_story": "Robert Frost was one of America's best known and most honored serious writers. But his fame came late in his life. He was born in San Francisco, California in 1874. He lived in California during his early childhood. He was named after the chief Southern general in America's Civil War. The general's name was Robert Edward Lee. The poet was named Robert Lee Frost, because his father wanted to honor the general. Someone once asked another American writer, Ernest Hemingway, how to become a writer. The best thing, he said, was to have an unhappy childhood. If this is true, Robert Frost's childhood was unhappy enough to make him a very good writer. Robert Frost's father was a reporter who wanted to be a politician. He often drank too much wine and became angry. Robert was the victim of his anger. Robert Frost finished high school in 1891. After high school, Robert's grandfather offered to pay his costs at Dartmouth College. But Robert left the school after a few months. He did not like it. He spent the next few years working at different jobs. At one time, he worked in a factory. Later, he repaired shoes. He was a teacher. He was a reporter. Always, he wrote poetry. Robert Frost attended Harvard University for two years. After that, he returned to the many jobs he held before. For a while, Frost tried to take care of a farm in the state of New Hampshire. He was not a successful farmer. And he continued to write poetry. He said that until 1930, he earned only about ten dollars a year from writing. In 1912, he decided to try to make a new start. He took his family to Britain. The cost of living was low. In Britain, Frost found a publisher for his first book of poems. The book was called A Boy's Will. When it appeared in 1913. Frost received high praise from British readers. Praise was something he had not received in his own country. Ezra Pound, another American poet living in Britain, read the poems and liked them very much. He wrote a magazine article about Frost. He also helped get Frost's second book of poems published in America. That book was called North of Boston.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Publisher is located in Britain. Farm is located in New Hampshire.", "based_on_pattern": "(Publisher)-[located in]->(Britain) || (Farm)-[located in]->(New Hampshire)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0746", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- A June trial has been set for a Detroit-area man who said he accidentally shot and killed a 19-year-old woman he thought was breaking into his home. \n\nTheodore Paul Wafer, 54, pleaded not guilty at his arraignment Wednesday to second-degree murder charges in connection with the November 2, 2013 shooting of Renisha McBride. Authorities said McBride was intoxicated and possibly disoriented following a car crash before Wafer shot her on his porch in the community of Dearborn Heights. \n\nThe trial was set for June 2. \n\nLast month, District Court Judge David Turfe said there was enough probable cause for Wafer to stand trial in connection with the shooting. \n\n\"Defendant came to the door with the shotgun,\" Turfe said, according to CNN Michigan affiliate WXYZ. \"His first thought was to bring the gun, not call for help, or not answer the door. It suggests to this court, the defendant made a bad choice.\" \n\nA friend of McBride told the court that she and the victim had been playing a drinking game with vodka and smoking marijuana the night of the shooting. \n\nWafer, whose lawyer said he shot the victim in self-defense, was charged with second-degree murder last month after days of pressure from McBride's relatives seeking an arrest. \n\nHe also was charged with manslaughter and possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. \n\nWafer told investigators he thought McBride was breaking into his home, and that the shotgun accidentally discharged when he investigated, police said. \n\nMcBride was unarmed and there was no evidence of a break-in, so Wafer -- who authorities say shot McBride from behind a closed, locked screen door -- cannot lawfully claim he needed to shoot her to stop an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm, Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy told reporters in November. ", "question": "What is David Turfe's occupation?", "context": "David Turfe's occupation is a District Court Judge.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Turfe)-[HAS_OCCUPATION]->(District Court Judge)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0747", "coqa_story": "In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, the truer figure of the Earth, or other planetary body. Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined. \n\nIn 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he included a proof that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution which he termed an oblate spheroid. Current practice uses the word 'ellipsoid' alone in preference to the full term 'oblate ellipsoid of revolution' or the older term 'oblate spheroid'. In the rare instances (some asteroids and planets) where a more general ellipsoid shape is required as a model the term used is triaxial (or scalene) ellipsoid. A great many ellipsoids have been used with various sizes and centres but modern (post-GPS) ellipsoids are centred at the actual center of mass of the Earth or body being modeled. \n\nThe shape of an (oblate) ellipsoid (of revolution) is determined by the shape parameters of that ellipse which generates the ellipsoid when it is rotated about its minor axis. The semi-major axis of the ellipse, \"a\", is identified as the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid: the semi-minor axis of the ellipse, \"b\", is identified with the polar distances (from the centre). These two lengths completely specify the shape of the ellipsoid but in practice geodesy publications classify reference ellipsoids by giving the semi-major axis and the \"inverse \"flattening, , The flattening, \"f\", is simply a measure of how much the symmetry axis is compressed relative to the equatorial radius: For the Earth, \"f\" is around corresponding to a difference of the major and minor semi-axes of approximately . Some precise values are given in the table below and also in Figure of the Earth. For comparison, Earth's Moon is even less elliptical, with a flattening of less than , while Jupiter is visibly oblate at about and one of Saturn's triaxial moons, Telesto, is nearly to .", "question": "In which field of study is the reference ellipsoid a key concept?", "context": "The reference ellipsoid is a key concept in the field of geodesy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Reference Ellipsoid)-[CONCEPT_IN]->(Geodesy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0748", "coqa_story": "The \"Billboard\" Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales (physical and digital), radio play, and online streaming. \n\nThe weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is readily available on a real-time basis, and is tracked on a Monday to Sunday cycle (previously Wednesday to Tuesday). A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. Example: \n\nThe first number one song of the Hot 100 was \"Poor Little Fool\" by Ricky Nelson, on August 4, 1958. As of the issue for the week ending on October 7, 2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,067 different number one hits. The current number one song is \"Bodak Yellow\" by Cardi B. \n\nPrior to 1955, \"Billboard\" did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the rock era in 1955, three such charts existed: \n\nAlthough officially all three charts had equal \"weight\" in terms of their importance, many chart historians refer to the \"Best Sellers in Stores\" chart when referencing a song's performance prior to the creation of the Hot 100; until the start of the rock era in 1955, radio was still in its Golden Age, characterized more by spoken-word programs than music radio, and physical record sales were still the dominant indicator of a recording's popularity. On the week ending November 12, 1955, \"Billboard\" published The Top 100 for the first time. \"The Top 100\" combined all aspects of a single's performance (sales, airplay and jukebox activity), based on a point system that typically gave sales (purchases) more weight than radio airplay. The \"Best Sellers In Stores\", \"Most Played by Jockeys\" and \"Most Played in Jukeboxes\" charts continued to be published concurrently with the new \"Top 100\" chart.", "question": "Who performed it?", "context": "Bodak Yellow was performed by Cardi B. Poor Little Fool was performed by Ricky Nelson.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bodak Yellow)-[performed by]->(Cardi B) || (Poor Little Fool)-[performed by]->(Ricky Nelson)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0749", "coqa_story": "Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. \n\nPerhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Amp\u00c3\u00a8re's force law, was discovered later by Andr\u00c3\u00a9-Marie Amp\u00c3\u00a8re in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.", "question": "What kind of force does Ampere's Force Law describe?", "context": "Ampere's Force Law describes mechanical force.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ampere'S Force Law)-[DESCRIBES]->(Mechanical Force)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0750", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 : -@ kids FTF. ILNY; its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad. The middle school teacher in England who received this as homework couldn't either. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or mobile phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messaging and e-mail will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\", and that they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia Mcvey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.\"", "question": "According to James Milroy's argument, what is incapable of being corrupted?", "context": "James Milroy argues that the English language cannot be corrupted.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Milroy)-[ARGUES_CANNOT_BE_CORRUPTED]->(English Language)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0751", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nMr. Barbecue-Smith was gone. The motor had whirled him away to the station; a faint smell of burning oil commemorated his recent departure. A considerable detachment had come into the courtyard to speed him on his way; and now they were walking back, round the side of the house, towards the terrace and the garden. They walked in silence; nobody had yet ventured to comment on the departed guest. \n\n\"Well?\" said Anne at last, turning with raised inquiring eyebrows to Denis. \n\n\"Well?\" It was time for someone to begin. \n\nDenis declined the invitation; he passed it on to Mr Scogan. \"Well?\" he said. \n\nMr. Scogan did not respond; he only repeated the question, \"Well?\" \n\nIt was left for Henry Wimbush to make a pronouncement. \"A very agreeable adjunct to the week-end,\" he said. His tone was obituary. \n\nThey had descended, without paying much attention where they were going, the steep yew-walk that went down, under the flank of the terrace, to the pool. The house towered above them, immensely tall, with the whole height of the built-up terrace added to its own seventy feet of brick facade. The perpendicular lines of the three towers soared up, uninterrupted, enhancing the impression of height until it became overwhelming. They paused at the edge of the pool to look back. \n\n\"The man who built this house knew his business,\" said Denis. \"He was an architect.\" \n\n\"Was he?\" said Henry Wimbush reflectively. \"I doubt it. The builder of this house was Sir Ferdinando Lapith, who flourished during the reign of Elizabeth. He inherited the estate from his father, to whom it had been granted at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries; for Crome was originally a cloister of monks and this swimming-pool their fish-pond. Sir Ferdinando was not content merely to adapt the old monastic buildings to his own purposes; but using them as a stone quarry for his barns and byres and outhouses, he built for himself a grand new house of brick--the house you see now.\" ", "question": "During whose reign did Sir Ferdinando Lapith live?", "context": "Sir Ferdinando Lapith lived during the reign of Elizabeth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sir Ferdinando Lapith)-[LIVED_DURING_REIGN_OF]->(Elizabeth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0752", "coqa_story": "Joe came to New York from the Middle West, dreaming about painting. Delia came to New York from the South, dreaming about music. Joe and Delia met in a studio. Before long they were good friends and got married. They had only a small flat to live in, but they were happy. They loved each other, and they were both interested in art. Everything was fine until one day they found they had spent all their money. Delia decided to give music lessons. One afternoon she said to her husband: \"Joe, , I've found a pupil, a general's daughter. She is a sweet girl. I'm to give three lessons a week and get $5 a lesson.\" But Joe was not glad. \"But how about me?\" he said.\" Do you think I'm going to watch you work while I play with my art? No, I want to earn some money too.\" \"Joe, , you are silly,\" said Delia. \"You must keep at your studies. We can live quite happily on $15 a week.\" \"Well, perhaps I can sell some of my pictures,\" said Joe. Every day they parted in the morning and met in the evening. A week passed and Delia brought home fifteen dollars, but she looked a little tired. \"Clementina sometimes gets on my nerves. I'm afraid she doesn't practice enough. But the general is the nicest old man! I wish you could know him, Joe.\" And then Joe took eighteen dollars out of his pocket. \"I've sold one of my pictures to a man from Peoria,\" he said, \"and he has ordered another.\" \"I'm so glad,\" said Delia. \"Thirty-three dollars! We never had so much to spend before. We'll have a good supper tonight.\" Next week Joe came home and put another eighteen dollars on the table. In half an hour Delia came, her right hand in a bandage. \"What's the matter with your hand?\" said Joe. Delia laughed and said: \"Oh, a funny thing happened! Clemantina gave me a plate of soup and spilled some of it on my hand. She was very sorry for it. And so was the old general. But why are you looking at me like that, Joe?\" \"What time this afternoon did you burn your hand, Delia?\" \"Five o'clock, I think. The iron-I mean the soup-was ready about five, Why?\" \"Delia, come and sit here,\" said Joe. He drew her to the couch and sat beside her. \"What do you do every day, Delia? Do you really give music lesson? Tell me the truth.\" She began to cry. \"I couldn't get any pupils,\" she said, \"So I got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. This afternoon a girl accidentally set down an iron on my hand and I got a bad burn. But tell me, Joe, how did you guess that I wasn't giving music lessons?\" \"It's very simple,\" said Joe. \"I knew all about your bandages because I had to send them upstairs to a girl in the laundry who had an accident with a hot iron. You see, I work in the engine-room of the same laundry where you work.\" \"And your pictures? Did you sell any to that man from Peoria?\" \"Well, _ And then they both laughed.", "question": "Where was the man from who purchased a picture from Joe?", "context": "The man who purchased a picture from Joe was from Peoria.", "based_on_pattern": "(Joe)-[SOLD_PICTURE_TO_MAN_FROM]->(Peoria)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0753", "coqa_story": "With America's national debt continuing to climb, Congress is constantly debating ways to save money. The Dollar Coin Alliance, a lobbying group, says billions could be saved if dollar coins were used instead of paper bills. But many people won't use them. The U.S. government tried to push dollar coins again in recent years, but then suspended almost all production in 2011. American likes paper dollars, but Jim Kolbe, co-chairman of the Dollar Coin Alliance, thinks switching to the coin is worth it. \"The coin does cost more to produce, roughly on the neighborhood of 17 cents versus the 5 or 6 cents that a paper dollar costs to produce,\" he said. \"However, the coin lasts 35 years, and it's made of mostly recycled metals, and the paper has to be produced from new materials, and we shred 3 billion of those every year because they wear out.\" For years, the former Arizona congressman has been pushing legislation that would prop up the dollar coin by phasing out the greenback -- a move that has met resistance from both politicians and the public. But today, he said, _ and a recent poll indicates 61 percent of Americans like the idea. \"When they learn of the savings that can be involved with this, they will support the idea of substituting the coin for the paper dollar,\" he said. Major savings Kolbe points to a study by the Government Accountability Office, which investigates how the government spends taxpayer dollars. The GAO estimates taxpayers would save more than $4 billion over 30 years, and that figure could be much higher. That appeals to taxpayer Christy Thompson, who said, \"I'd probably say, yes, we need to do it.\" But plenty of people aren't convinced, including Kim Doering of Alexandria, Virginia. \"It's easier to carry the paper bill than a bunch of coins. They're louder; they're heavier in your pocket,\" she said. Washington, D.C. restaurant owner Sue Fouladi doesn't like the idea of having more dollar coins in her cash register. \"It's very inconvenient,\" she said. \"If I don't have a choice, then I'll do it, but I'll be a very unhappy person.\" Adding to the problem is that the gold- and silver-colored metal coins are about the same size as the 25-cent quarter. Robert Blecker, an economics professor at American University in Washington, says the dollar coins should be a different size and thickness. \"And if we can design a dollar coin that's not so big and bulky, probably Americans would like it better,\" he added. But that doesn't bother college student Emily Sturgill. \"Sometimes they fit into your pocket easily and you don't have to worry about them slipping out, like a dollar bill would if you brought your keys or your phone out,\" she said.", "question": "Who is a professor at American University?", "context": "Robert Blecker is a professor at American University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robert Blecker)-[PROFESSOR_AT]->(American University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0754", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "Who is her rival?", "context": "Anne is a rival of Gilbert. Gilbert is a rival of Anne.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne)-[rival of]->(Gilbert) || (Gilbert)-[rival of]->(Anne)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0755", "coqa_story": "Ashleigh Fraser and Leah Guskjolen, both 18, wondered why they would not be allowed to wear nail polish or artificial nails during their training to become certified nursing assistants. But when they asked, the only response which they got was that \"rules are rules.\" Not satisfied, the teens decided to explore the issue themselves. \n\nFor their new study, Ashleigh and Leah, seniors at Willcox High School in Willcox, Arizona., borrowed materials from the hospital where they had been trained as nursing assistants. Ten nurses there agreed to give them little scrapings off the top side of their nails. Half of the participants had natural nails. The other half wore nail polish or fake nails on top of their natural nails. The teens grew bacteria from the scrapings on plates; these are plastic dishes with a gel that feeds bacterial growth. \n\nNatural nails produced an average of 4.3 bacterial colonies. In contrast, scrapings from nail polish or artificial nails produced an average of 17.5 colonies! Leah and Ashleigh had their answer to the question. Only natural nails are allowed because polished or artificial nails tend to harbor far more bacteria. The germs could be dangerous to sick patients. \n\nLeah notes that they are not the first to look at nails in a medical setting. Still, she says, \"It is something that should be taken much more seriously than it is.\" To emphasize that, she points to the large list of similar studies she and Ashleigh uncovered during their research. \n\nWhen nurses touch patients, they often wear gloves, but many small tasks are performed bare-handed. The teens hope to raise awareness of how dangerous artificial nails can be in the medical setting. \"What shocked me,\" Leah says, \"is how unconcerned some of the nurses were. They did not think their nails were dangerous.\" Ashleigh agrees and observes that to preserve their manicures , nurses with polish or fake nails tended to scrub less vigorously when washing their hands. Their nails might look nice, but this might contribute to the large numbers of germs that hang onto their nails. \n\nAshleigh has never really liked nail polish, so she will not have to change much to pursue her dream of being a surgeon. But the results have reminded Leah, who wants to be a nurse, to give up her artificial nails for good. \"They are very pretty,\" she says, \"I love them.\" But now that she knows the risks they can cause, she admits that for a health professional they just are \"not worth it.\"", "question": "On average, how many bacterial colonies did Nail Polish produce?", "context": "Nail Polish produced an average of 17.5 bacterial colonies.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nail Polish)-[PRODUCED_AVERAGE_OF]->(17.5 Bacterial Colonies)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0756", "coqa_story": "Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday. Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was \"supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games\", saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress. Sharing Wilson's view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through _ . \"Drivers who don't use their private cars could be given points,\" he said, \"and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping.\" Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. \"Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles,\" he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London. Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was China's advantage. \"Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution,\" he said. \"The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars.\" Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games. \"We are looking forward to borrowing Beijing's experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,\" said Wetzel.", "question": "What was it the host of?", "context": "London was the host of the 2012 Olympics. Beijing was the host of the 2008 Olympics.", "based_on_pattern": "(London)-[host of]->(2012 Olympics) || (Beijing)-[host of]->(2008 Olympics)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0757", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nTHE EVENING'S ENTERTAINMENT. \n\nSurely if noise was any proof that the audience was satisfied with the performance given by Mopsey's company, then all must have been highly delighted, for such confusion was probably never heard in that house before as when the curtain fell on the first act of this new edition of Shakespeare's plays. The actors were in a perfect whirl of delight, and all save Dickey showed it by dancing and shaking hands, until there was almost as much confusion behind the curtain as in front. \n\nMopsey was so delighted at the success that his gigantic brain conceived a startling idea for the entrance of the ghost, which was neither more nor less than for Ben to crouch under the stage, in the very hole where Johnny had come to grief, and at the proper time to rise up in a ghostly fashion, which must surely be very effective. Ben was disposed to object to this hiding under the flooring, more especially since he would be enveloped in the sheet, and would doubtless be uncomfortably warm; but all his objections were overruled by the author and company, and he gave a very unwilling assent to the proposition. \n\nIn order that the audience might not be kept waiting until their patience was exhausted, or their good-humor began to evaporate, the curtain was raised as soon as the ghost could be tucked away in his hiding-place, and Paul made his first appearance on any stage. Mopsey had explained to him the part which he was to assume, and in a well-thumbed copy of Shakespeare's works belonging to Mrs. Green he had found the lines which Hamlet is supposed to speak after he sees the ghost. These he had committed to memory, although he had little idea of the meaning of them; and when he came upon the stage he addressed the audience as if in them he saw the ghost of his murdered father. ", "question": "Who was the creative mind that conceived the idea for the Ghost?", "context": "Mopsey conceived the idea for the Ghost.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mopsey)-[CONCEIVED_IDEA_FOR]->(Ghost)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0758", "coqa_story": "It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man.Over the phone ,his mother told him,\"Mr.Belser died last night ,The funeral is Wednesday.\"Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. \n\nWhen Jack was very young ,his father died.Mr Belser,who lived in the same neighborhood with them,spent as much time as he could to make sure Jack had a man's influence in his life.He spent a lot of time teachimg Jack he thought what was important in his following life.If Mr.Belser hadn' taught him how to weave,he wouldn't be in this business now.So he promised his mother he would attend Mr.Belser's funeral. \n\n\"You'd better not drive your car.It's a long way.\"his mother warned him. \n\nBusy as he was,he kept his word.Though tired from the earliest flight,Jack tried his best to help.Mr.Belser's funeral was small because he had no children of his own and most of his s had passed away. \n\nThe night before he had to return home,Jack and his mother stopped by to see the old house Mr.Belser once lived.Now it belonged to him.He bought the house from one of his s. \n\nThe house was exactly as he remembered.Every step held memories.Every picture,every piece of furniture... Jadk stopped suddenly. \n\nThe box on his desk was gone!He once asked the old man what was inside.He just smiled and said it was the most valuable thing to him,though it almost cost nothing to others.He figured that someone from the Belser family had taken it .\"I will never know what was so valuable to him.\"Jack thought disappotntedly. \n\nThree days later returning home from work,Jack discovered a small package in his mailbox. \n\nThe handwriting was difficult to read,but the return address caught his attention.\"Mr.Harold Belser\"it read. \n\nJack couldn't wait to open it .Inside lay the familiar small box.His heart racing,Jack unlocked the box.Inside he found a gold pocket watch with these words engraved:\"Jack,Thanks for your time!Harold Belser.\" \n\n\"The thing he valued most was my time.\"Jack held the watch before his chest,tears filling his eyes.", "question": "What was contained in it?", "context": "The Small Package contained the Small Box. The Small Box contained the Gold Pocket Watch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Small Package)-[contained]->(Small Box) || (Small Box)-[contained]->(Gold Pocket Watch)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0759", "coqa_story": "HYANNIS, Massachusetts (CNN) -- Family and close friends of Eunice Kennedy Shriver attended a Friday morning funeral for the sister of the late President John F. Kennedy. \n\nSpecial Olympics athlete Loretta Claiborne, at casket, and Maria Shriver attend Eunice Shriver's wake Thursday. \n\nShriver, a champion of the disabled who founded the Special Olympics, died Tuesday at age 88. \n\nA private funeral service was held at Saint Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church in Hyannis, Massachusetts. \n\nBefore the service began, Special Olympians carried the Special Olympics torch into the church, a family statement said. They took part in a procession toward the church, followed by the hearse and the Shriver family walking behind. Watch Maria Shriver pay tribute to her mother \u00c2\u00bb \n\nThe funeral follows a public wake and prayer service that was held Thursday at Our Lady of Victory Roman Catholic Church in Centerville, Massachusetts. \n\nDetails about her private burial will not released until after Shriver is laid to rest. \n\nBorn on July 10, 1921, in Brookline, Massachusetts, Shriver was the fifth of nine children of Joseph P. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. \n\nShe emerged from the long shadow of siblings John Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and Sen. Edward Kennedy as the founder of the Special Olympics, which started as a summer day camp in her backyard in 1962. \n\nToday, 3.1 million people with mental disabilities participate in 228 programs in 170 nations, according to the Special Olympics. \n\n\"Eunice is now with God in heaven. My sister Jean and I, and our entire family, will miss her with all our hearts,\" Edward Kennedy, who is battling brain cancer, said on his Web site. \"I know that our parents and brothers and sisters who have gone before are filled with joy to have her by their side again.\" ", "question": "Who is credited with founding the Special Olympics?", "context": "Eunice Kennedy Shriver is the founder of the Special Olympics.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eunice Kennedy Shriver)-[FOUNDER_OF]->(Special Olympics)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0760", "coqa_story": "Beloved teacher Michael Landsberry, a former Marine, died a hero at Sparks Middle School in Nevada on Monday in another tragic campus shooting. \n\nThe 45-year-old was killed while trying to talk to the unidentified 12-year-old gunman, who later killed himself. \n\n\"He was telling him to stop and put the gun down,\" student Jose Cazares told Today on Tuesday. \"Then the kid, he yelled out, 'No!' Like, he was yelling at him, and he shot him. The teacher was calm, he was holding out his hand like, 'Put the gun in my hand.' \" \n\nStudents, parents and fellow teachers are calling Landsberry's actions heroic. Tom Robinson, vice chief with the Reno Police Department, also praised him, saying, \"In my estimation, he is a hero. We do know he was trying to intervene (,).\" \n\nLandsberry, who went by the nickname Batman, and coached sports teams at the middle school and neighboring high school, was remembered fondly on social media by many students. \n\n\"It's just so sad knowing he left because he protected his students,\" one of the posts said, followed by another that read, \"The sad part is this week it's his and his wife's anniversary and his daughter graduates from the military tomorrow.\" \n\nCNN reports that two students who were wounded by the shooter - who used a Ruger 9 mm semi-automatic handgun - are currently in stable condition in hospital. \n\nAuthorities will not be releasing the identity of the shooter out of respect for his parents, but schoolmate Amaya Newton was shocked by his actions, calling the gunman \"a really nice kid,\" adding, \"He would make you smile when you were having a bad day.\" \n\n\"Everybody wants to know why the shooter opened fire,\" Sparks vice chief Tom Miller said at a news conference. \"That's the big question. The answer is we don't know right now, but we are trying to determine why.\"", "question": "What type of weapon did the Gunman use?", "context": "The Gunman used a Ruger 9 Mm Semi-Automatic Handgun.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gunman)-[USED]->(Ruger 9 Mm Semi-Automatic Handgun)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0761", "coqa_story": "Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn't very strong nor did it have pedals .Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground. \n\nIn 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan's machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan's bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers. \n\nIn 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede,but most people called it a \"bone shaker\" because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people. \n\nTen years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment. \n\nIt wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson;bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.", "question": "In what year was the Safety Bicycle invented?", "context": "The Safety Bicycle was invented in 1874.", "based_on_pattern": "(Safety Bicycle)-[INVENTED_IN_YEAR]->(1874)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0762", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \n\n\"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. \n\nA siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. \n\nWe stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. \n\nJust before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" \n\nWe let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "Who is he the father of?", "context": "Ali is the father of Hassan. Baba is the father of Amir.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ali)-[father of]->(Hassan) || (Baba)-[father of]->(Amir)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0763", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Allegheny College is located in Meadville, Pa. Hamilton College is located in Clinton, N.Y. Emory University is located in Atlanta. George Washington University is located in Washington, D.C.", "based_on_pattern": "(Allegheny College)-[located in]->(Meadville, Pa.) || (Hamilton College)-[located in]->(Clinton, N.Y.) || (Emory University)-[located in]->(Atlanta) || (George Washington University)-[located in]->(Washington, D.C.)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0764", "coqa_story": "The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true \"HDTV\" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems. \n\nThe British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term \"sequential\") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.", "question": "What problem did the technique of interlacing successfully overcome?", "context": "The technique of interlacing successfully overcame the flicker problem.", "based_on_pattern": "(Interlacing)-[OVERCAME]->(Flicker Problem)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0765", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "What position did Ed Winter hold in Los Angeles?", "context": "Ed Winter was the Assistant Chief Coroner of Los Angeles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ed Winter)-[ASSISTANT_CHIEF_CORONER_OF]->(Los Angeles)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0766", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- The Virginia governor's race has often been looked to as an off-year barometer of national political sentiment. \n\nThis year's grind-it-out race, an acrimonious spitball contest between two candidates only slightly more likeable than Walter White, is anything but. \n\nIn a lesser-of-two-evils campaign, Terry McAuliffe, the longtime Democratic fundraiser and confidante to former President Bill Clinton, is clinging to a modest but sturdy lead over Republican Ken Cuccinelli, the state's attorney general. \n\nRepublicans have pilloried McAuliffe as a sleazy political operator and failed businessman who exploited his Washington connections to help his sputtering car company, GreenTech Automotive. Cuccinelli has been targeted as a far-right social crusader who would curb abortion rights and access to contraception. Democrats on Twitter are fond of calling him #creepyken. \n\nMcAuliffe is leading Cuccinelli among likely voters by an eight-point margin, 47% to 39%, according to a Washington Post poll out this week. \n\nMcAuliffe is hardly bulletproof: A federal investigation into GreenTech has sullied his reputation, and only two-thirds of Democrats -- his own party -- consider him \"honest and trustworthy.\" \n\nBut Cuccinelli is on much shakier ground. While Republicans are slightly more fired up about voting for him than Democrats are for McAuliffe, Cuccinelli's favorable ratings are next-to-toxic: More than half of likely voters view him unfavorably. \n\nEnter Robert Sarvis. \n\nAs public dismay with the two main candidates calcifies, the baby-faced 37-year old Libertarian candidate from Fairfax has quietly crept northward in the polls, reaching 10% in the Post poll. \n\nThat's not nearly enough to win in November -- with just five weeks until Election Day, even Sarvis admits \"we have to get a lot higher\" -- but he looks increasingly likely to play the role of spoiler by siphoning conservative votes away from Cuccinelli. ", "question": "They criticized whom?", "context": "The Democratic Party criticized Ken Cuccinelli. The Republican Party criticized Terry Mcauliffe.", "based_on_pattern": "(Democratic Party)-[criticized]->(Ken Cuccinelli) || (Republican Party)-[criticized]->(Terry Mcauliffe)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0767", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "What is it a synonym of?", "context": "Vernacular is a synonym of Nonstandard Dialect. Lingua Franca is a synonym of Vehicular Language.", "based_on_pattern": "(Vernacular)-[synonym of]->(Nonstandard Dialect) || (Lingua Franca)-[synonym of]->(Vehicular Language)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0768", "coqa_story": "The \"Billboard\" Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales (physical and digital), radio play, and online streaming. \n\nThe weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is readily available on a real-time basis, and is tracked on a Monday to Sunday cycle (previously Wednesday to Tuesday). A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. Example: \n\nThe first number one song of the Hot 100 was \"Poor Little Fool\" by Ricky Nelson, on August 4, 1958. As of the issue for the week ending on October 7, 2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,067 different number one hits. The current number one song is \"Bodak Yellow\" by Cardi B. \n\nPrior to 1955, \"Billboard\" did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the rock era in 1955, three such charts existed: \n\nAlthough officially all three charts had equal \"weight\" in terms of their importance, many chart historians refer to the \"Best Sellers in Stores\" chart when referencing a song's performance prior to the creation of the Hot 100; until the start of the rock era in 1955, radio was still in its Golden Age, characterized more by spoken-word programs than music radio, and physical record sales were still the dominant indicator of a recording's popularity. On the week ending November 12, 1955, \"Billboard\" published The Top 100 for the first time. \"The Top 100\" combined all aspects of a single's performance (sales, airplay and jukebox activity), based on a point system that typically gave sales (purchases) more weight than radio airplay. The \"Best Sellers In Stores\", \"Most Played by Jockeys\" and \"Most Played in Jukeboxes\" charts continued to be published concurrently with the new \"Top 100\" chart.", "question": "In which country is the Billboard Hot 100 the standard record chart?", "context": "The Billboard Hot 100 is the standard record chart in the United States.", "based_on_pattern": "(Billboard Hot 100)-[IS_RECORD_CHART_IN]->(United States)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0769", "coqa_story": "Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. \n\nKnowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as \"justified true belief\", though this definition is now thought by some analytic philosophers to be problematic because of the Gettier problems while others defend the platonic definition. However, several definitions of knowledge and theories to explain it exist. \n\nKnowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of \"acknowledgment\" in human beings. \n\nThe definition of knowledge is a matter of ongoing debate among philosophers in the field of epistemology. The classical definition, described but not ultimately endorsed by Plato, specifies that a statement must meet three in order to be considered knowledge: it must be justified, true, and believed. Some claim that these conditions are not sufficient, as Gettier case examples allegedly demonstrate. There are a number of alternatives proposed, including Robert Nozick's arguments for a requirement that knowledge 'tracks the truth' and Simon Blackburn's additional requirement that we do not want to say that those who meet any of these conditions 'through a defect, flaw, or failure' have knowledge. Richard Kirkham suggests that our definition of knowledge requires that the evidence for the belief necessitates its truth.", "question": "For which group of thinkers is the 'Justified True Belief' definition of knowledge considered problematic?", "context": "The 'Justified True Belief' definition of knowledge is considered problematic for Analytic Philosophers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Justified True Belief)-[IS_PROBLEMATIC_FOR]->(Analytic Philosophers)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0770", "coqa_story": "Genzeb Tibeb is very bright. At only 11 years old, her future is looking promising. She is ranked 2nd Out of 56 students at her govemment school in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia where she has been seleeted for a special program because of her talent. She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program. \n\nBut her future hasn't always looked so bright. While her mother, Bekelech, sacrificed immensely for Genzeb, she would not have been able to continue sending her to school. When her husband died, Bekelech was the sole provider for their five children. In order for them to survive, she began the daily routine of walking approximately 8-10 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 8' x 10' home in Kichene. It wouldn't have been long before Genzeb would have been, forced to quit school in order to help her mom. But Bright Future changed all that. \n\nGenzeb has been at Bright Future for 3 years. Since Ethiopian schools let out early, Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch. Because of her high ability, she even helps teach the younger children there, building confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills. There's also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies. Field trips are one of her most favorite activities of all. She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University. \n\nShe knows it goes beyond fun trips, though. \"I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future,\" Genzeb shares. At so many levels, her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education, which she values. For one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor. And now she knows, that with a lot of hard work, that dream might just become a reality.", "question": "What career does Genzeb Tibeb aspire to have?", "context": "Genzeb Tibeb aspires to be a Doctor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Genzeb Tibeb)-[ASPIRES_TO_BE]->(Doctor)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0771", "coqa_story": "ISO 639-5:2008 \"Codes for the representation of names of languages\u00e2\u20ac\u201dPart 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups\" is a highly incomplete international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards. \n\nISO 639-5 defines \"alpha-3\" (3-letter) codes, called \"collective codes,\" that identify language families and groups. As of August 29, 2008 update to ISO 639-5, the standard defined 114 collective codes. The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5. \n\nThe standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as \"Creoles\"). \n\nSome of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 \"Alpha-3 code\" standard. ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5. \n\nLanguages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type \"group\" (\"g\") or \"remainder group\" (\"r\"). A \"group\" consists of several related languages; a \"remainder group\" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the \"remainder groups\" do \"not\" exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can't be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5. The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved.", "question": "What does it share codes with?", "context": "Iso 639-2 shares codes with Iso 639-3. Iso 639-5:2008 shares codes with Iso 639-2.", "based_on_pattern": "(Iso 639-2)-[shares codes with]->(Iso 639-3) || (Iso 639-5:2008)-[shares codes with]->(Iso 639-2)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0772", "coqa_story": "Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus. \n\nThe onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination). Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage.", "question": "What does it use?", "context": "Night-Vision Devices use Active Near-Infrared Illumination. Infrared Astronomy uses Sensor-Equipped Telescopes.", "based_on_pattern": "(Night-Vision Devices)-[uses]->(Active Near-Infrared Illumination) || (Infrared Astronomy)-[uses]->(Sensor-Equipped Telescopes)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0773", "coqa_story": "\"Mister D'Arcy is not a policeman. He is, however, very wise. He knew the police would search his apartment. He also knew how police think. So, he did not hide the letter where he knew they would look for it. \n\n\"Do you remember how Germont laughed when I said the mystery was difficult for him to solve because it was so simple?\" \n\nDupin filled his pipe with tobacco and lit it. \"Well, the more I thought about it, the more I realized the police could not find the letter because D'Arcy had not hidden it at all. \n\n\"So I went to visit D'Arcy in his apartment. I took a pair of dark green eyeglasses with me. I explained to him that I was having trouble with my eyes and needed to wear the dark glasses at all times. He believed me. The glasses permitted me to look around the apartment while I seemed only to be talking to him. \n\n\"I paid special attention to a large desk where there were a lot of papers and books. However, I saw nothing suspicious there. After a few minutes, however, I noticed a small shelf over the fireplace. A few postcards and a letter were lying on the shelf. The letter looked very old and dirty. \n\n\"As soon as I saw this letter, I decided it must be the one I was looking for. It must be, even though it was completely different from the one Germont had described. \n\n\"This letter had a large green stamp on it. The address was written in small letters in blue ink. I memorized every detail of the letter while I talked to D'Arcy. Then when he was not looking, I dropped one of my gloves on the floor under my chair. \n\n\"The next morning, I stopped at his apartment to look for my glove. While we were talking, we heard people shouting in the street. D'Arcy went to the window and looked out. Quickly, I stepped to the shelf and put the letter in my pocket. Then I replaced it with a letter that looked exactly like it, which I had made it the night before. \n\n\"The trouble in the street was caused by a man who had almost been run over by a horse and carriage. He was not hurt. And soon the crowd of people went away. When it was over, D'Arcy came away from the window. I said goodbye and left. \n\n\"The man who almost had an accident was one of my servants . I had paid him to create the incident.\" \n\nDupin stopped talking to light his pipe. I did not understand. \"But, Dupin,\" I said, \"why did you go to the trouble of replacing the letter? Why not just take it and leave?\" \n\nDupin smiled. \"D'Arcy is a dangerous man,\" he said. \"And he has many loyal servants. If I had taken the letter, I might never have left his apartment alive.\"", "question": "What object did Mister D'Arcy hide from the police?", "context": "Mister D'Arcy hid the Letter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mister D'Arcy)-[HID]->(Letter)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0774", "coqa_story": "Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is the main character in the fictional Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname. \n\nIn the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter, who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback. The hunter supposedly walked more than a hundred miles back to civilization and miraculously survived his injuries. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten-off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still _ by the idea of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his old-fashioned views, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. \n\nFeeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how, despite his expert knowledge of living outdoors, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's boyfriend, Richard, but they do not get along. By the end of the film, Mick is on his way home, lovesick, when Sue realizes she loves Mick, too, and not Richard. She runs to the subway station to stop Mick from leaving and, by passing on messages through the packed-to-the-gills crowd, she tells him she won't marry Richard, and she loves him instead. With the help of the other people in the subway, Mick and Sue have a loving reunion as the film ends.", "question": "Who do they love?", "context": "Sue Charlton loves Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\". Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" loves Sue Charlton.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sue Charlton)-[loves]->(Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\") || (Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\")-[loves]->(Sue Charlton)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0775", "coqa_story": "The Bilateria or bilaterians, or triploblasts, are animals with bilateral symmetry, i.e., they have a head (\"anterior\") and a tail (\"posterior\") as well as a back (\"dorsal\") and a belly (\"ventral\"); therefore they also have a left side and a right side. In contrast, radially symmetrical animals like jellyfish have a topside and a downside, but no identifiable front or back. \n\nThe bilateria are a major group of animals, including the majority of phyla but not sponges, cnidarians, placozoans and ctenophores. For the most part, bilateral embryos are triploblastic, having three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Nearly all are bilaterally symmetrical, or approximately so; the most notable exception is the echinoderms, which achieve near-radial symmetry as adults, but are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae. \n\nExcept for a few phyla (i.e. flatworms and gnathostomulids), bilaterians have complete digestive tracts with a separate mouth and anus. Some bilaterians lack body cavities (acoelomates, i.e. Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha and Gnathostomulida), while others display primary body cavities (deriving from the blastocoel, as pseudocoel) or secondary cavities (that appear \"de novo\", for example the coelom). \n\nThe hypothetical most recent common ancestor of all bilateria is termed the \"Urbilaterian\". The nature of the first bilaterian is a matter of debate. One side suggests that acoelomates gave rise to the other groups (planuloid-aceloid hypothesis by Graff, Metchnikoff, Hyman, or ), while the other poses that the first bilaterian was a coelomate organism and the main acoelomate phyla (flatworms and gastrotrichs) have lost body cavities secondarily (the Archicoelomata hypothesis and its variations such as the Gastrea by Haeckel or Sedgwick, the Bilaterosgastrea by G\u00c3\u00b6sta J\u00c3\u00a4gersten , or the Trochaea by Nielsen).", "question": "The Bilaterosgastrea theory is considered a variation of which broader hypothesis?", "context": "The Bilaterosgastrea theory is a variation of the Archicoelomata Hypothesis.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bilaterosgastrea)-[IS_VARIATION_OF]->(Archicoelomata Hypothesis)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0776", "coqa_story": "We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells--but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are? \n\nJoan Mclean thinks so.In fact,Mclean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning\"who\"invented\"what\",however,Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the\"why''and''how\"questions.According to Mclean.\"When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.'' \n\nHer students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement.\"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention,\"said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major,\"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.\"Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. \n\nSo,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built--in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas,a lever on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper. \n\nToday we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan's traffic light.It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?", "question": "What did they invent?", "context": "Garrett A. Morgan invented the Traffic Light. Mary Anderson invented the Windshield Wiper. Tommy Lee invented the Unbreakable Umbrella. Katherine J. Blodgett invented the Invisible Glass.", "based_on_pattern": "(Garrett A. Morgan)-[invented]->(Traffic Light) || (Mary Anderson)-[invented]->(Windshield Wiper) || (Tommy Lee)-[invented]->(Unbreakable Umbrella) || (Katherine J. Blodgett)-[invented]->(Invisible Glass)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0777", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Norton is the son of Sheppard. Rufus Johnson is the son of Rufus'S Mother.", "based_on_pattern": "(Norton)-[son of]->(Sheppard) || (Rufus Johnson)-[son of]->(Rufus'S Mother)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0778", "coqa_story": "Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. It is spoken by 290 million people across the Strait of Malacca, including the coasts of the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia and the eastern coast of Sumatra in Indonesia, and has been established as a native language of part of western coastal Sarawak and West Kalimantan in Borneo. It is also used as a trading language in the southern Philippines, including the southern parts of the Zamboanga Peninsula, the Sulu Archipelago and the southern predominantly Muslim-inhabited municipalities of Bataraza and Balabac in Palawan. \n\nAs the \"Bahasa Kebangsaan\" or \"Bahasa Nasional\" (National Language) of several states, Standard Malay has various official names. In Singapore and Brunei it is called \"Bahasa Melayu\" (Malay language); in Malaysia, \"Bahasa Malaysia\" (Malaysian language); and in Indonesia, \"Bahasa Indonesia\" (Indonesian language) and is designated the \"Bahasa Persatuan/ Pemersatu\" (\"unifying language/ \"lingua franca\"\"). However, in areas of central to southern Sumatra where the language is indigenous, Indonesians refer to it as \"Bahasa Melayu\" and consider it one of their regional languages. \n\nStandard Malay, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial Malacca and Johor Sultanates, and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor, or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other Malayan languages. According to \"Ethnologue\" 16, several of the Malayan varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the \"Orang Asli\" varieties of Peninsular Malay, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthese are listed with question marks in the infobox at right or on top (depending on device). There are also several Malay trade and creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay, as well as Macassar Malay, which appears to be a mixed language.", "question": "Approximately how many people speak the Malay language?", "context": "The Malay language is spoken by approximately 290 million people.", "based_on_pattern": "(Malay)-[SPOKEN_BY]->(290 Million People)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0779", "coqa_story": "Robinson Diaz lives in a small cottage high in the Andes Mountains of South America. Diaz is a \"cable racer\", and every morning he faces the difficult task of taking the local teacher to her school. To do this, he first walks for an hour up to a place the locals call Los Pinos, right at the edge of the 400-foot deep gorge of the Negro valley. Here, one end of a thick metal cable has been fixed to a wooden post. The cable stretches right across the deep valley to the other side, a kilometer away. \n\nA metal hook is fixed to the cable, with leather straps hanging from it. Diaz fastens the straps around his shoulders and waist, does a quick safety check and then, without hesitating, throws himself off the edge of the mountain. Attached to the cable by only the metal hook, he rapidly picks up speed and soon he is racing through the air. Crossing the valley by wire takes him 30 seconds, instead of the two hours it would take him to walk down through the rain forest and climb up the steep muddy slopes on the other side. \n\nAs Diaz begins his trip, Diana Rios, a 23-year-old elementary teacher, is waiting on the other side of the gorge for the moment when he will come racing through the mist towards her at 100 mph. She will then return with him, hanging on to him as he goes back along the cable. Diana had no idea when she took the teaching job that just getting to work in the village school would be dangerous. \"At first I wanted to cry,\" she says, clutching her hook as the metal cable starts to rattle violently at Diaz's approach. \"But I soon got used to it.\" She still prefers to go with Diaz, though, rather than making the frightening and dangerous crossing on her own. \n\nFor the inhabitants of Los Pinos, the wire cable is a lifeline. For more than 50 years, it has served the community as a form of transport to and from the rest of the world. Everything that comes arrives via the cable----bricks and wood for building, sacks of rice and corn. Pregnant mothers, who must get to the nearest clinic, cross the wire during the darkness of the night, returning with their newborn babies. It is dangerous, but they have no choice. \n\nThis time Robinson Diaz makes a perfect landing on Diana's side of the gorge. For him, the dangers of this daily journey are insignificant. \"What I'm really scared of are snakes,\" he says. \"This is nothing in comparison.\" Then Dianna straps herself into her harness and hooks herself up to the wire behind Diaz, holding on to him tightly. He turns, flashes her a smile, releases the brake and kicks away. Within seconds, the teacher and the cable-racer have disappeared back into the mist.", "question": "Who is served by the metal cable?", "context": "The metal cable serves the inhabitants of Los Pinos.", "based_on_pattern": "(Metal Cable)-[SERVES]->(Inhabitants Of Los Pinos)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0780", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St., Chicago \n\nBasic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50.Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge: $75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nStop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00pm. Dr John Goode is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking. \n\nTyping This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Material charge: $25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before. \n\nOil painting Oil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll at this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and learn to paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together with the teacher's knowledge and your passion-we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here. \n\nSinging This course shows you how to deliver an accomplished vocal performance on stage and in the studio. Develop your vocal talents with professional warm-up routines and learn vocal techniques to gain confidence in your performance. You'll learn to perform classic songs before exploring your own songwriting ideas with a tutor. And finally you'll get the chance to record in a professional studio. Singing tuition may be in groups or one-to-one. We have Choral singing, Gospel singing, Folk singing and many other styles of song. All styles are welcome and no previous experience is required. Please read on for course contents and reviews from our students. Course charge: $90. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30pm. Peter Syrus is a Grammy award winning tutor.", "question": "What profession does Dr. John Goode practice?", "context": "Dr. John Goode is a Practicing Psychologist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dr John Goode)-[HAS_PROFESSION]->(Practicing Psychologist)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0781", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VIII: PASSING THE OUBLIETTE \n\n\n\nWho can describe the dreariness of being snowed-up all the winter with such a mother-in-law as Freiherrinn Kunigunde? \n\nYet it was well that the snow came early, for it was the best defence of the lonely castle from any attack on the part of the Schlangenwaldern, the Swabian League, or the next heir, Freiherr Kasimir von Adlerstein Wildschloss. The elder Baroness had, at least, the merit of a stout heart, and, even with her sadly-reduced garrison, feared none of them. She had been brought up in the faith that Adlerstein was impregnable, and so she still believed; and, if the disaster that had cut off her husband and son was to happen at all, she was glad that it had befallen before the homage had been paid. Probably the Schlangenwald Count knew how tough a morsel the castle was like to prove, and Wildschloss was serving at a distance, for nothing was heard of either during the short interval while the roads were still open. During this time an attempt had been made through Father Norbert to ascertain what had become of the corpses of the two Barons and their followers, and it had appeared that the Count had carried them all off from the inn, no doubt to adorn his castle with their limbs, or to present them to the Emperor in evidence of his zeal for order. The old Baron could not indeed have been buried in consecrated ground, nor have masses said for him; but for the weal of her son's soul Dame Kunigunde gave some of her few ornaments, and Christina added her gold earrings, and all her scanty purse, that both her husband and father might be joined in the prayers of the Church--trying with all her might to put confidence in Hugh Sorel's Loretto relic, and the Indulgence he had bought, and trusting with more consolatory thoughts to the ever stronger dawnings of good she had watched in her own Eberhard. ", "question": "She is the wife of whom?", "context": "Christina is the wife of Eberhard. Freiherrinn Kunigunde is the wife of the Old Baron.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christina)-[is wife of]->(Eberhard) || (Freiherrinn Kunigunde)-[is wife of]->(Old Baron)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0782", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "In which city did Noah Webster establish a newspaper?", "context": "Noah Webster founded a newspaper in New York.", "based_on_pattern": "(Noah Webster)-[FOUNDED_NEWSPAPER_IN]->(New York)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0783", "coqa_story": "Every culture has a recognized point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests passed. \n\nIn China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, where everyone drives, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world. \n\n\"Nobody wants to ride the cheese bus to school,\" said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She brought the pressure back to memory, especially from kids from wealthier families. \"It's like you're not cool if you don't have a car,\" she said. \n\nAccording to recent research, 41% of 16 to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay. \n\nNot all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don't want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car. \n\nBut police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive. \n\nJulie Sussman, of Virginia, decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner's permit. \n\nChad said he has accepted his parents' decision, although it has caused some teasing from his friends. \"They say that I am unlucky,\" he said, \"But I'd rather be alive than driving, and I don't really trust my friends on the road, either.\" \n\nIn China, as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive. Will this become a big step to becoming an adult?", "question": "Which age group has a higher rate of accidents compared to 18 and 19-year-olds?", "context": "16-year-olds have more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds.", "based_on_pattern": "(16-Year-Olds)-[HAVE_MORE_ACCIDENTS_THAN]->(18 And 19-Year-Olds)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0784", "coqa_story": "EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., the third largest private company in Birmingham, Alabama, with annual sales of nearly $2 billion according to the BBJ's 2013 Book of Lists. EBSCO offers library resources to customers in academic, medical, K\u00e2\u20ac\u201c12, public library, law, corporate, and government markets. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines. \n\nEBSCO Information Services is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a family owned company since 1944. \"EBSCO\" is an acronym for Elton B. Stephens Co. According to \"Forbes Magazine\", EBSCO is one of the largest privately held companies in Alabama and one of the top 200 in the United States, based on revenues and employee numbers. Sales surpassed $1\u00c2\u00a0billion in 1997 and exceeded $2\u00c2\u00a0billion in 2006. \n\nEBSCO Industries is a diverse company which includes over 40 businesses. EBSCO Publishing was established in 1984 as a print publication called \"Popular Magazine Review\", featuring article abstracts from more than 300 magazines. In 1987 the company was purchased by EBSCO Industries and its name was changed to EBSCO Publishing. It employed around 750 people by 2007. In 2003 it acquired Whitston Publishing, another database provider. In 2010 EBSCO purchased NetLibrary and in 2011, EBSCO Publishing took over H. W. Wilson Company. It merged with EBSCO Information Services on July 1, 2013. The merged business operates as EBSCO Information Services. , the President is Tim Collins.", "question": "What does the acronym Ebsco stand for?", "context": "The acronym Ebsco stands for Elton B. Stephens Co.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ebsco)-[IS_ACRONYM_FOR]->(Elton B. Stephens Co.)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0785", "coqa_story": "ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the \"Mona Lisa\" a self-portrait in disguise ? \n\nA group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing. \n\nIf the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the \"Mona Lisa.\" Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting. \n\n\"We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust,\" says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. \"But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death.\" Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that _ in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week. \n\nLeonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him \"first painter to the king.\" He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle. \n\n\"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark,\" said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down. \n\nThe group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of \"solving the great mysteries of the past,\" said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature. \n\nArguably the world's most famous painting, the \"Mona Lisa\" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother. \n\nThat Leonardo intended the \"Mona Lisa\" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover. \n\nIf granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing. \n\nAt the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with DNA testing. \n\nVezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives. \n\nGruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva , meaning DNA might be found on his paintings. \n\nEven in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old. \n\nEven within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the \"Mona Lisa.\" \n\nVinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated with Leonardo. \n\nVezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as \"baseless and senseless\" the idea that the \"Mona Lisa\" could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name \"Mona Lisa\" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: \"La Gioconda.\"", "question": "During which historical event was the Saint Florentine church destroyed?", "context": "The Saint Florentine church was destroyed during the French Revolution.", "based_on_pattern": "(Saint Florentine)-[DESTROYED_DURING]->(French Revolution)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0786", "coqa_story": "Feeding a crowd of hundreds doesn't make Kenny Seals-Nutt nervous. In fact, he _ in the kitchen. He's in his perfect place when dicing tomatoes, making salads and baking cakes. By the time Kenny, 16, reached his third year of high school at Hickory Grove, North Carolina, US, he had become vice president of his school's cooking club. He also opened his own food company, called Modern Fusion. Kenny said he developed his love of cooking by watching his mother, and his grandmother, who owned a catering business herself. Kenny helped them both in order to remember their tips: how long to cook chicken so it stays wet, and the right amount of tomatoes to add to a spaghetti dish. At the age of 5, he cooked his first dish of shrimp and broccoli. Taking it for his school lunch, he warmed it up in the school's microwave, while the other kids ate their sandwiches. \"I love to eat, and it started to become more fun to cook than to use a microwave,\" he said. Cooking came easy to Kenny, and he enjoyed adding new ingredients into common dishes. \"It started with a passion and I wanted to know more,\" he said. He began to watch the Food Network and read chef blogs. Last summer, Kenny put his skills to the test by working with his grandmother to cater his uncle's wedding. While she cooked traditional dishes, Kenny wanted to add new to the expected flavors . Now Kenny spends his weekends catering his own events: weddings, birthday parties, baby showers. Kenny's dishes are always a hit. Chef Frederick Mookie Hicks, owner of a catering business, said Kenny's success comes from his ability to multitask in the kitchen. Hicks said he has asked Kenny to cook with him on jobs three times now, and he presents Kenny as a positive example of a passionate chef to the students in his cooking classes. \"He's so vigorous about cooking that he doesn't let anything stop him,\" Hicks said. \"I knew in the first five minutes of working with the kid that he is something special.\"", "question": "Besides attending Hickory Grove, what company did Kenny Seals-Nutt found?", "context": "Kenny Seals-Nutt founded the company Modern Fusion.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kenny Seals-Nutt)-[FOUNDED]->(Modern Fusion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0787", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- If George Orwell and Lucille Ball had a love child, his name would be Stephen Colbert. \n\nIn the last century, the great critics of corrupt political language were British authors who wrote dystopian novels. In \"1984,\" Orwell described a totalitarian society in which meaningless political language, dubbed Newspeak, veiled horrible truths. \n\nEarlier, In \"Brave New World,\" Aldous Huxley described toddlers conditioned in laboratories to be afraid of books. And in \"A Clockwork Orange,\" Anthony Burgess imagined a world in which ultraviolent teens rampaged in a distinctive English-Russian patois that defined their alienation from society and authority. \n\nNow in the 21st century, there is Colbert's \"truthiness\" -- political half-truths, quarter-truths and what the website Politifact describes as \"Pants-on-Fire\" prevarications. \n\nOn his Comedy Central show, \"The Colbert Report,\" he introduced \"The Word,\" a regular deconstruction of language contortion designed, in Orwell's notion, to defend the indefensible. (One example: \"A Perfect World,\" as in, journalists should demand to investigate torture, but it's not a perfect world.) \n\nIt's sharp political humor and a canny critique of American culture, language and iconography. And it's helped the comic emerge as this nation's court jester, licensed by the youthful cable TV audience to speak truth to power. \n\nSuch is Colbert's power and influence that he has been invited to testify before Congress today on the issue of illegal immigration -- and to testify in character. It's as if the Congress of the Eisenhower years invited Harpo Marx to offer testimony by beeping his bicycle horn. \n\nColbert has long been on to something important about the nature of our political discourse at the beginning of a new postmodern millennium: that ideology has become the lens through which Americans found their particular truth, let the evidence be damned. ", "question": "On which television channel did The Colbert Report air?", "context": "The Colbert Report aired on Comedy Central.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Colbert Report)-[AIRS_ON]->(Comedy Central)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0788", "coqa_story": "Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. \n\nThe report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems. \n\nBut even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. \n\nAlong with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030. \n\nRoger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was \"a methodological embarrassment\" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that \"climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.\" But the report, he said, \"will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed .\" \n\nHowever, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. \n\nIn a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.", "question": "What is the value of the economic losses caused by Global Warming?", "context": "Global Warming causes economic losses of $125 billion.", "based_on_pattern": "(Global Warming)-[CAUSES_ECONOMIC_LOSSES]->($125 Billion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0789", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "What material is it made of?", "context": "Paper House has material Newspaper. World'S Largest Ball Of Paint has material Paint.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paper House)-[has material]->(Newspaper) || (World'S Largest Ball Of Paint)-[has material]->(Paint)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0790", "coqa_story": "Imagine that you are the first person ever to see Hawaii. What would be the first thing you would set foot on? The beach, naturally. There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii. These islands cover 1,600 miles and are about 2,300 miles west of California. Most of them are covered with fine white sand. They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world. Another wonderful thing about the beaches of Hawaii is the water temperature. The year-round average temperature of the water at the famous Waikiki Beach is 230C! The same is true of air temperature. In fact, there are no real seasons in Hawaii. There is a difference of only two or three degrees between the hottest day of summer and the coldest day of winter. That's why the Hawaiians don't have a word for weather in their language. Perhaps the nicest thing about Hawaiian beaches are the waves. The earliest settlers in Hawaii, the Polynesians, quickly learned how much fun it was to ride the waves. They developed a sport which is now very popular on the islands called body surfing. You go out into the ocean, wait for a big wave to come towards you, jump on it, and ride it all the way to the beach. Now imagine once again that you are the first person ever to set foot in Hawaii. What do you think would be the second beautiful thing you would notice? Would it be those strange triangles rising out of the water hundreds and hundreds of meters high? What are those beautiful things? They are volcanoes , of course. These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands. They made the islands at first. Because of them the islands are still growing. The most famous volcano on Hawaii is Mauna Loa. It is the world's most active volcano. It has been erupting for thousands of years. Even when it isn't erupting, smoke comes out of the earth from a thousand little holes. In 1950 Mauna Loa erupted for twenty-three days. That erupting produced the greatest amount of lava in modern history. In 1960 it erupted again. That time it added a kilometer of beach to the island. Because Mauna Loa has erupted so often, it has become the biggest (but not the tallest) mountain in the world. These volcanoes could be dangerous to the population of Hawaii. In fact, Hilo, the second largest city in Hawaii, is built just under Mauna Loa. The volcano could erupt at any time. Most people believe that it will erupt sometime in the next twenty-five years. But the people of Hilo do not seem worried. They live with the danger as part of their lives.", "question": "What is a characteristic that it has?", "context": "Beaches have the characteristic of Fine White Sand. Hawaii has the characteristic of No Real Seasons.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beaches)-[has characteristic]->(Fine White Sand) || (Hawaii)-[has characteristic]->(No Real Seasons)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0791", "coqa_story": "Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011. It's not always about fame and fortune for these celebs - education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school. No. 10: James Franco James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he's is so serious about school, he missed the Oscar nominations to attend class! No. 9: Natalie Portman Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting. No. 8: Haley Joel Osment When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus' sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: \"I see dead people.\" No. 7: Emma Watson Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree. No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school's homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class. No. 5: Mara Wilson Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU's Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009. No. 4: Tyra Banks Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates! \"We live in dorms,\" confirmed the TV star. \"I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It's mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, 'Oh yes, I'm going to Harvard and I'll be at the Four Seasons down the street.' And they were like, 'Girl, you're living in dorms!'\" No. 3: Shakira Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could \"learn from the best\". No. 2: Steven Spielberg Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the _ . But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002. No. 1: Danica McKellar Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who's written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics.", "question": "What university did she graduate from?", "context": "Natalie Portman graduated from Harvard University. Danica Mckellar graduated from Ucla. Mara Wilson graduated from Nyu.", "based_on_pattern": "(Natalie Portman)-[graduated from]->(Harvard University) || (Danica Mckellar)-[graduated from]->(Ucla) || (Mara Wilson)-[graduated from]->(Nyu)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0792", "coqa_story": "Where did that number come from? Eleven and Twelve The reason behind the change in number naming is that eleven comes from the German term ainlif, which translates to \"one left\". Twelve follows the same rule. It comes from twalif--\"two left\". Why teen is used instead of lif for 13 through 19? There is something sadly lost in history. 911 for US Emergency Calls Early phones didn't use phone numbers--the operator had to connect your call by hand--and this led to the need for an emergency code . But later phone numbers became popular, that changed. In 1967, 911 was chosen as the nationwide emergency call because it was easy to remember and could be quickly dialed on the phone. 26.2 Miles in a Marathon The story began with an ancient Greek soldier carrying message from a battlefield in Marathon to Athens. The modern marathon was born as a flagship event in the first Olympic Games, in 1896, with a distance of about 25 miles (40 km), as long as the distance from Marathon to Athens. But race organizers for the 1908 Olympic Games in London wanted to add something special. The race began at Windsor Castle and ended at White City Stadium, with runners finishing only after passing the royal box. The distance was 26.2 miles (42.1 km). And since 1924 this distance has been kept in marathon. 28 Days in February Before using the Gregorian calendar that we use today, one of the first Roman calendars had only 304 days and ten months (March through December), with six months of 30 days and four of 31 days. The second king of Rome improved the old calendar. He added 50 days for January and February. To make the new months longer, he took one day from each of the 30-day months, making 56 days to divide between January and February (or 28 days each). Later January was given one more day to add up to 355 days a year, but February still had 28 days. That's how it became the shortest month and it stayed that way ever since.", "question": "What does it translate to?", "context": "Ainlif translates to One Left. Twalif translates to Two Left.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ainlif)-[translates to]->(One Left) || (Twalif)-[translates to]->(Two Left)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0793", "coqa_story": "For most South Africans, Nelson Mandela is the father of their nation - many even called him \"Tata\", a local word for father. It was sometimes forgotten that he was also a real father of six, grandfather of 18, great-grandfather of eight, and husband to three women. \n\nHe earned a place in history just like another father of a nation, Mahatma Gandhi. But there was a fundamental difference between these beloved men. While Gandhi was thought to be a depressed family man, Mandela was a strong and loving family man. Even so, Mandela and his family paid dearly for his devotion to his country's freedom. \n\nMandela himself offered a glimpse into his personal war. \"To be the father of a nation is a great honor, but to be the father of a family is a greater joy. _ \" he said in April 1992, announcing his separation from Winnie. \n\nIn 1944, Nelson Mandela married Evelyn. \"I could not give up my life in the struggle,\" Mandela explained in his autobiography , Long Walk to Freedom, \"and she (Evelyn) could not live with my devotion to something other than herself and her family... I never lost my admiration for her, but in the end we could not make our marriage work.\" They divorced in 1958. \n\nWhen Evelyn died in 2004, Mandela stood at her graveside with his third wife, Graca. Winnie also attended the funeral. \n\nMandela married Winnie in 1958. But Winnie bore the hardship of life as Mandela, enduring her husband's 27-year imprisonment. From prison, Mandela wrote some of the greatest love letters to Winnie. \"I dust it (your photo) carefully every morning - I even touch your nose with mine to regain the electric current that used to run through my blood whenever I did so.\" \n\nFor many South Africans, it was the end of a fairytale love story when their separation was made public in 1992. \"Tensions\" had arisen and they had agreed on a separation. The hurt in his words was clear: \"Perhaps I was blinded to certain things because of the pain I felt for not being able to play my role as a husband to my wife and a father to my children.\" \n\n\"Unstable personal lives seemed freedom fighters' destiny ,\" he said. \"When your life is the struggle, as mine was, there is little room left for family. That has always been my greatest regret, and the most painful aspect of the choice I made.\" The couple divorced in 1996.", "question": "For which country is Nelson Mandela considered the Father of the Nation?", "context": "Nelson Mandela is considered the Father of the Nation for South Africa.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nelson Mandela)-[FATHER_OF_NATION_FOR]->(South Africa)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0794", "coqa_story": "1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist.So he invented a very simple camera .He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo. \n\nThe next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different processs. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype. \n\nSoon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travellers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains. \n\nIn about 1840, the process was improved. Now photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States, where from the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities. \n\nMathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality. \n\nBrady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible \n\nIn the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive. \n\nWith the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favourite places. They called these pictures \"snapshots\". \n\nPhotographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings. \n\nPhotography had turned into a form of art by the beginning of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.", "question": "During which century was photography established as an art form?", "context": "Photography was established as an art form in the 20th century.", "based_on_pattern": "(Photography)-[BECAME_ART_IN]->(20Th Century)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0795", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, WE USED 2go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :-@ KIDS FTF. ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. School teachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says. \"Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can _ that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps, we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Text is just for fun.\"", "question": "Who is he affiliated with?", "context": "Geoffrey Nunberg is affiliated with Stanford University. David Crystal is affiliated with University Of Wales.", "based_on_pattern": "(Geoffrey Nunberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University) || (David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0796", "coqa_story": "Three Central Texas men were honored with the Texas Department of Public Safety's Director's Award in a Tuesday morning ceremony for their heroism in saving the victims of a fiery two car accident. \n\nThe accident occurred on March 25 when a vehicle lost control while traveling on a rain-soaked State Highway 6 near Baylor Camp Road. It ran into an oncoming vehicle, leaving the occupants trapped inside as both vehicles burst into flames. \n\nBonge was the first on the scene and heard children screaming. He broke through a back window and pulled Mallory Smith, 10, and her sister, Megan Smith,9,from the wreckage. \n\nThe girls' mother, Beckie Smith, was not with them at the time of the wreck, as they were traveling with their baby sitter, Lisa Bow bin. \n\nBeckie Smith still remembers the sickening feeling she had up on receiving the call informing her of the wreck and the despair as she drove to the scene. \n\nBozeman and Clemmons arrived shortly after Bonge and helped rescue the other victims and attempted to put out the fires. \n\n\"I was nervous,\" Bozeman said.\" I don't feel like I'm a hero. I was just doing what anyone should do in that situation. I hope someone would do the same for me.\" \n\nEveryone at the accident made it out alive, with the victims suffering from nonlife-threatening injuries. Mallory Smith broke both femurs, and Megan had neck and back injuries. Bowbin is still recovering from a broken pelvis, ankle and foot. \n\nThe rescuers also were taken to the hospital and treated for cuts and smoke breathing, Bonge said. \n\nIn addition, Bozeman not to meet accident victim Anthony Rus so in the hospital after the accident, where Russo presented him with a glass frame inscribed with\" Thank you,\" Bozeman said. Those involved in that fateful encounter on Highway 6 credited God blessing for bringing them together. \n\n\"Whatever the circumstances, Tuesday's ceremony provided a time to be grateful for those who put their lives on the line for the lives of complete strangers,\" Beckie Smith said,\" We're calling it The Miracle on Highway 6.\"", "question": "What event did Beckie Smith name 'The Miracle On Highway 6'?", "context": "Beckie Smith gave the name 'The Miracle On Highway 6' to an unspecified event.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beckie Smith)-[NAMED]->(The Miracle On Highway 6)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0797", "coqa_story": "Will you want me to read a whole book in English? \n\nYes. Believe it or not, that may be easier than you think. Not all classics are so difficult or complicated. So you're not limited to the simplified versions. And the easier books are not all for children. \n\nIn the original versions ,books may send you to the dictionary. And you might not understand everything you read. But reading one from cover to cover will give you a real sense of accomplishment. \n\nThe key is to find the right books. Let's take a look at these. \n\nThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (C.S. Lewis) \n\nStepping into an old wardrobe, four English schoolchildren find themselves in the magical world of Narnia. On this delightful land, they find friends among the many talking creatures. \n\nThe children soon discover, however, that Narnia is ruled by the White Witch. Edmund, one of the children, falls under her power. Who can free Narnia? Only Aslan, the great and noble lion. He alone knows the Deeper Magic. But the children themselves must help fight the battle against the White Witch and those who serve her. \n\nThe Old Man and the Sea (Ernest Hemingway) \n\nSantiago, an old Cuban fisherman, hasn't caught any fish in more than 80 days. Sailing far out from land, the old man hooks an enormous fish. That begins an agonizing three-day battle. First he struggles against the great fish. Then he must fight off the sharks that circle the little boat and threaten to eat his fish. Exhausted and bleeding, the old man arrives back at shore. But his fish, his beautiful fish . . . \n\nHemingway won the Nobel Prize for this superb story of strength and courage, of victory and regret. \n\nA Wrinkle in Time (Madeleine Lingle) \n\nMeg's father, a U.S. government scientist, has been missing for many months. He had been experimenting with time travel when he mysteriously disappeared. \n\nNow Meg, her little brother Charles Wallace and her friend Calvin will try to rescue him. But first they must _ the forces of evil they encounter on their journey through time and space. Can they find Meg's father before it's too late? \n\nThis novel is more than just a science-fiction adventure. It's an exploration of the nature of our universe. \n\nThe Pearl (John Steinbeck) \n\nOne day Kino, a poor Mexican pearl diver, finds a magnificent pearl. With it he dreams of buying a better life, new clothes and schooling for his son. Instead, it brings only evil. His wife pleads with him to get rid of it. \"No,\" says Kino. \"I will have my chance. I am a man.\" But when he kills a man who is trying to steal the pearl, Kino and his wife must run for their lives. \n\nThis tale of dreams, justice and the power of greed is told simply and beautifully.", "question": "Which character does it feature?", "context": "The Old Man And The Sea features character Santiago. The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe features character Aslan. The Pearl features character Kino. A Wrinkle In Time features character Meg.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Old Man And The Sea)-[features character]->(Santiago) || (The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe)-[features character]->(Aslan) || (The Pearl)-[features character]->(Kino) || (A Wrinkle In Time)-[features character]->(Meg)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0798", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "What was it also known as?", "context": "Mulhouse was known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen. Lotharingia was known as Lorraine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mulhouse)-[known as]->(Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00a3\u00c2\u00bcLhausen) || (Lotharingia)-[known as]->(Lorraine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0799", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "What is his nationality?", "context": "Ralph Steinman has nationality Canadian. Robin Warren has nationality Australian. Werner Forssmann has nationality German.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ralph Steinman)-[has nationality]->(Canadian) || (Robin Warren)-[has nationality]->(Australian) || (Werner Forssmann)-[has nationality]->(German)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0800", "coqa_story": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is one of the most loved children's books of all time, and many adults enjoy it as well. It tells the story of a young girl named Alice, who follows a rabbit entering a magical world called Wonderland: she has many experiences which seem to change the rules of reasoning or common sense. The popularity of the book comes from its imagination, interesting story, and art work. The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll. In fact, Lewis Carroll was not the writer's real name. His real name was Charles Dodgson. One day, he took a boat ride down the Thames River to have a picnic with three little girls who were friends of the family. To keep them entertained on the ride, he told them a story in which Alice, the middle child, was the main character. They enjoyed the story very much. Charles later wrote the story down under the name Alice's Adventures under Ground and gave it to Alice as a Christmas present. Later, he gave a copy to his friend George MacDonald. George read it to his children and they loved it. George suggested to Charles that he make a book from his story. Charles then wrote more parts to the story until it was around 35,000 words. It was first printed in 1866, with art work by John Tenniel, under the name Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was an immediate success. One of its first fans was Queen Victoria. She immediately requested a collection of all of Lewis Carroll's works. She was surprised to find that they included many works on math. In fact, Charles Dodgson was a highly respected mathematician. This can be seen in many puzzles and plays on reasoning that appear in his books and poems. Since the story was first printed, it has kept selling up to the present day. It has been translated into over fifty languages and has had several movies based on it. The story is even mentioned in the popular 1999 film The Matrix by the character Morpheus.", "question": "What was the well-known pen name of the author Charles Dodgson?", "context": "The well-known pen name of Charles Dodgson was Lewis Carroll.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lewis Carroll)-[IS_PEN_NAME_OF]->(Charles Dodgson)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0801", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "When did it end?", "context": "Classical Armenian ended in 11Th Century. Artashesian Dynasty ended in 1St Century Ce.", "based_on_pattern": "(Classical Armenian)-[ended in]->(11Th Century) || (Artashesian Dynasty)-[ended in]->(1St Century Ce)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0802", "coqa_story": "Ashleigh Fraser and Leah Guskjolen, both 18, wondered why they would not be allowed to wear nail polish or artificial nails during their training to become certified nursing assistants. But when they asked, the only response which they got was that \"rules are rules.\" Not satisfied, the teens decided to explore the issue themselves. \n\nFor their new study, Ashleigh and Leah, seniors at Willcox High School in Willcox, Arizona., borrowed materials from the hospital where they had been trained as nursing assistants. Ten nurses there agreed to give them little scrapings off the top side of their nails. Half of the participants had natural nails. The other half wore nail polish or fake nails on top of their natural nails. The teens grew bacteria from the scrapings on plates; these are plastic dishes with a gel that feeds bacterial growth. \n\nNatural nails produced an average of 4.3 bacterial colonies. In contrast, scrapings from nail polish or artificial nails produced an average of 17.5 colonies! Leah and Ashleigh had their answer to the question. Only natural nails are allowed because polished or artificial nails tend to harbor far more bacteria. The germs could be dangerous to sick patients. \n\nLeah notes that they are not the first to look at nails in a medical setting. Still, she says, \"It is something that should be taken much more seriously than it is.\" To emphasize that, she points to the large list of similar studies she and Ashleigh uncovered during their research. \n\nWhen nurses touch patients, they often wear gloves, but many small tasks are performed bare-handed. The teens hope to raise awareness of how dangerous artificial nails can be in the medical setting. \"What shocked me,\" Leah says, \"is how unconcerned some of the nurses were. They did not think their nails were dangerous.\" Ashleigh agrees and observes that to preserve their manicures , nurses with polish or fake nails tended to scrub less vigorously when washing their hands. Their nails might look nice, but this might contribute to the large numbers of germs that hang onto their nails. \n\nAshleigh has never really liked nail polish, so she will not have to change much to pursue her dream of being a surgeon. But the results have reminded Leah, who wants to be a nurse, to give up her artificial nails for good. \"They are very pretty,\" she says, \"I love them.\" But now that she knows the risks they can cause, she admits that for a health professional they just are \"not worth it.\"", "question": "What does she want to be?", "context": "Leah Guskjolen wants to be a Nurse. Ashleigh Fraser wants to be a Surgeon.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leah Guskjolen)-[wants to be]->(Nurse) || (Ashleigh Fraser)-[wants to be]->(Surgeon)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0803", "coqa_story": "When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up . Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, toldThe Sunday Timesthat he's happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to \"finally being free, being my own person\" - a change signaled by her new haircut. Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he \"did cry like a little girl\" when the last movie finished. \"It's like the ending of a relationship,\" he toldThe Vancouver Sun. \"There's a sense of, 'God, what am I going to do now?'\" He said he was eager to see \"what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts\". Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling's characters. For them, the last film isn't just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods. \"We are the Harry Potter generation,\" Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, toldThe Vancouver Sun.\"We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.\" For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. \"That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything - really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,\" she said. \"I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.\" Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US. Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams - players ride broomsticks. \"We're not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,\" Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. \"We're still engaged in that magical world.\"", "question": "Who did they play?", "context": "Rupert Grint played Ron Weasley. Emma Watson played Hermione Granger. Daniel Radcliffe played Harry Potter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rupert Grint)-[played]->(Ron Weasley) || (Emma Watson)-[played]->(Hermione Granger) || (Daniel Radcliffe)-[played]->(Harry Potter)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0804", "coqa_story": "I'm flying high today after hearing the news that Bamboo People is a top ten book on the Best Fiction for Young Adults 2011 list from the American Library Association. Here are the top ten titles with annotations by YALSA librarians: *Bacigalupi, Paolo. Ship Breaker. Little, Brown, and Co. Nailer is a light crew cleaner tearing up old hulks of ships, living day to day, until a rich girl and her gleaming ship run ashore in a storm on the beach and his life gets more dangerous. *Donnelley, Jennifer. Revolution. Random House Children's Books/Delacorte. Haunted by the death of her brother, Andi is taken to Paris by her separated father where an encounter with a mysterious diary may bring her back from the edge. *Marchetta, Melina. Finnikin of the Rock. Candlewick. Finnikin and his fellow exiles from Lumatere wish to return to their cursed homeland. Finnikin must go on an epic journey with a dumb beginner named Evanjalin to return home. *Matson, Morgan. Amy and Roger's Epic Detour. Simon & Schuster. Amy and Roger must both learn to deal with loss while on a road trip across the country which doesn't go as expected. *McBride, Lish. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer. Macmillan Children's Book Group/Henry Holt. When Sam discovers he is a necromancer he must learn to control his power in order to defeat a powerful and corrupt opponent and save his friends. *Mulligan, Andy. Trash. David Fickling Books. Three garbage-picker boys find an item of great value to a corrupt politician on their rounds, setting off a tense hunt to see who will win. *Perkins, Mitali. Bamboo People. Chiko, a Burmese soldier and Tu Reh, a Kerenni refugee meet on opposite sides of war and each must learn what it means to be a man of his people. *Reinhardt, Dana. The Things a Brother Knows. Random House Children's Books/Wendy Lamb. Boaz is back and cheered as the hometown hero, but he is not at all the same. Can his younger brother Levi help him truly make his way home? *Saenz, Benjamin. Last Night I Sang to the Monster. Cinco Puntos Press, 2009. Weeks in therapy go by and 18-year-old Zach is still unable to remember the monstrous events that left him alone and haunted by nightmares. *Sedgwick, Marcus. Revolver. Roaring Brook Press. Sig is alone with his father's body when the lawless man his father had managed to escape appears out of the icy wilderness", "question": "What notable list was the book Bamboo People included on?", "context": "The book Bamboo People was on the Best Fiction For Young Adults 2011 list.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bamboo People)-[ON_LIST]->(Best Fiction For Young Adults 2011)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0805", "coqa_story": "In 2004, three young men went to a dinner party in San Francisco. Afterward ,they wanted to share a video from the party with their friends. They wanted to send it over the Internet. But at the time, the process of sharing videos that way was difficult. Using e-mail did not work and the friends complained that there, was no website to help them. So they created their own. They called their website YouTube. It made sharing videos easy, so the website soon became very popular. People watched 2.500 million videos in the first six months! Today, more than 70,000 new videos go up on YouTube each day. People watch more than 1,000 million videos a day. Many last no more than 10 minutes. These videos show all kinds of things, from sleeping cats to earthquakes. Most of the filmmakers are not professionals. They are just everyday people making videos, and they use the website in many interesting ways. First many people use YouTube to entertain others. One example is Judson Laipply. He made a funny dance video and put it on YouTube in 2006. People watched the video more than 10 million times in the first two weeks. Now people stop Judson on the street to ask, \"Are you the dance guy on Youtube?\" Some people have invited him to dance at their parties. A few women even asked to marry him. Judson wants to make more dance videos, and people look forward to seeing them. Other people use YouTube to advertise a business. David Taub does this. He is a guitar teacher and he sells videos of guitar lessons on his own website. He wanted to increase his business, so he put short videos with free lessons on YouTube. People enjoyed watching the lessons on YouTube, and afterward, many decided to go to David's own website. Now David sells hundreds of guitar lesson videos each week. People also use YouTube to help others. Ryan Fitzgerald is one example. Ryan is friendly young man who knows that some people are lonely and have no one to talk to. One day, he made a video of himself for YouTube. In the video, he gave his phone number and invited people to call him. In less than a week, he had more than 5,000 calls and messages from all over the world. These days, he is very busy talking on the phone. He helps people when he can, but mostly, he just listens, like a friend. Finally, some filmmakers use YouTube in a more serious way. They want to inform people about important events happening in the world. For example, they show clips of videos from countries at war, or they show people in need of help after a storm. Sometimes TV news shows do not give enough information about these events. Thanks to YouTube filmmakers, people can go to their computers and learn more. For many people, YouTube is more than just another website to visit. It is a way to communicate with others. More and more people are using it every day, and they will probably find even more ways to use it.", "question": "What did they create?", "context": "Three Young Men created Youtube. Judson Laipply created Funny Dance Video. David Taub created Short Videos With Free Lessons.", "based_on_pattern": "(Three Young Men)-[created]->(Youtube) || (Judson Laipply)-[created]->(Funny Dance Video) || (David Taub)-[created]->(Short Videos With Free Lessons)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0806", "coqa_story": "Buck did not read the newspapers,or he would have known that trouble was coming,not only for himself,but for every big dog,strong of muscle and with long,warm hair in California.Men had found gold in the Yukon,and these men wanted big,strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north. \n\nBuck lived at a big house in the sunkissed Santa Clara valley.Judge Miller's place,it was called.There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house,and a river nearby.In a big place like this,of course,there were many dogs.There were house dogs and farm dogs,but they were not important.Over this great land Buck ruled.Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life.He was not so large--he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds.But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere housedog.Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles.He went swimming with Judge Miller's sons,and walking with his daughters.He carried the grandchildren on his back,and he sat at Judge Miller's feet in front of the warm library fire in winter.During the four years,he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect.He was king of Judge Miller's place. \n\nBut this was 1897,and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look for gold.And he did not know that Manuel,one of the gardener's helpers,was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling and for his large family.One day,the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club.No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk.Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station.This man talked to Manuel,and gave him some money.Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck. \n\nBuck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity .He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit.But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger's hands,Buck roared,and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck,shutting off his breath.In extreme anger,he jumped at the man.The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back.Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled,his tongue out of his mouth.Never in all his life had he been so badly treated.Never in all his life had he been so angry.For a few moments he was unable to move,and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train. \n\nWhen Buck woke up,the train was still moving.The man was sitting and watching him,but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard.Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go. \n\nThat evening,the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco.The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood. \n\n\"How much are they paying you for this?\"he asked. \n\n\"Only get fifty dollars.\" \n\n\"And the man who stole him--how much did he get?\"asked the barman. \n\n\"A hundred.He wouldn't take less.\" \n\n\"That makes a hundred and fifty.It's a good price for a dog like him.\" \n\nBuck spent that night in a cagelike box.He could not understand what it all meant.What did they want with him,these strange men?And where were Judge Miller and the boys? \n\nThe next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.", "question": "Who did he attack?", "context": "Buck attacked The Stranger. The Stranger attacked Buck.", "based_on_pattern": "(Buck)-[attacked]->(The Stranger) || (The Stranger)-[attacked]->(Buck)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0807", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XX. \n\nTHE FIRST EASTERN WAR. \n\n215-183. \n\nScipio remained in Africa till he had arranged matters and won such a claim to Massinissa's gratitude that this king of Numidia was sure to watch over the interests of Rome. Scipio then returned home, and entered Rome with a grand triumph, all the nobler for himself that he did not lead Hannibal in his chains. He had been too generous to demand that so brave an enemy should be delivered up to him. He received the surname of Africanus, and was one of the most respected and beloved of Romans. He was the first who began to take up Greek learning and culture, and to exchange the old Roman ruggedness for the graces of philosophy and poetry. Indeed the Romans were beginning to have much to do with the Greeks, and the war they entered upon now was the first for the sake of spreading their own power. All the former ones had been in self-defence, and the new one did in fact spring out of the Punic war, for the Carthaginians had tried to persuade Philip, king of Macedon, to follow in the track of Pyrrhus, and come and help Hannibal in Southern Italy. The Romans had kept him off by stirring up the robber \u00c3\u2020tolians against him; and when he began to punish these wild neighbors, the Romans leagued themselves with the old Greek cities which Macedon oppressed, and a great war took place. \n\nTitus Quinctius Flaminius commanded in Greece for four years, first as consul and then as proconsul. His crowning victory was at Cynocephal\u00c3\u00a6, or the Dogshead Rocks, where he so broke the strength of Macedon that at the Isthmian games he proclaimed the deliverance of Greece, and in their joy the people crowded round him with crowns and garlands, and shouted so loud that birds in the air were said to have dropped down at the sound. ", "question": "What conflict served as the origin for the First Eastern War?", "context": "The First Eastern War originated from the Punic War.", "based_on_pattern": "(First Eastern War)-[ORIGINATED_FROM]->(Punic War)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0808", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "By whose grandsons was the Frankish Realm divided?", "context": "The Frankish Realm was divided by the grandsons of Charlemagne.", "based_on_pattern": "(Frankish Realm)-[DIVIDED_BY_GRANDSONS_OF]->(Charlemagne)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0809", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "Why was Rose Harcourt in Barmouth?", "context": "Rose Harcourt was in Barmouth for her honeymoon.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rose Harcourt)-[WAS_ON_HONEYMOON_IN]->(Barmouth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0810", "coqa_story": "Published in 1896 and one of the most memorable horror stories ever written, Dracula, by Irish writer Bram Stoker,is the story of a vampire ,someone who lives on human blood. Stoker wrote the book after reading stories about Central European vampires and set his novel in Transylvania. Even today,there are readers of the book who believe that Transylvania is a mythical country,a figment of Stoker's imagination. Nothing could be further from the truth. Transylvania is part of modern-day Central European country Romania,and the country does indeed have a history of mythological vampires. \n\nHowever,Romanians are always puzzled by the description of the novel's central character, Count Dracula,a tall,elegant aristocrat with impeccable manners who also happens to speak very good English. This is a world away from the images of vampires that they have grown up with. Romanian vampires are half-human creatures who live solitary lives in the forests,not aristocrats living in castles with well-stocked libraries. \n\nSo where did Stoke get the image for his Dracula? The answer becomes clearer when one learns of his relationship with a man called Henry Irving,the greatest British stage actor of his time. \n\nStoker was working as a civil servant in his home city of Dublin when he first met Irving. Bored with his tedious life and work, Stoker took every opportunity to visit the theatre and for a while was the drama critic for the Dublin Evening Mail. One of the reviews he wrote was of a performance of Shakespeare's play Hamlet,with Irving in the lead role. \n\nIrving was so pleased with Stoker's review of his performance that he asked to meet him. Stoker couldn't believe his luck when one night,he was invited to a dinner party where Irving was the guest of honour. Irving entertained the assembled dinner guests with some renditions of famous poems and speeches from Shakespeare. \n\nStoker was already writing the first chapters of Dracula and began to base the central character on Irving,in the vain hope that if it ever became a stage play, Irving would play the central character. Sadly,Irving never did,but the two men became close friends,and in 1878 Stoker left the civil service and became Irving's manager in London.", "question": "Who was the manager for the stage actor Henry Irving?", "context": "Bram Stoker was the manager for Henry Irving.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bram Stoker)-[MANAGER_OF]->(Henry Irving)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0811", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty, and Golden Gate Bridge are common great tourist sites. If you prefer offbeat places, check out the following roadside attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as centre, he painted layer by layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness World Record. Visitors can paint the wall themselves and become part of the history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum says it has to have the world's largest collection for prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice-cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much---if any---thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 210 layers of newspaper. In all, he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "By what organization is the World's Largest Ball of Paint recognized?", "context": "The World's Largest Ball of Paint is recognized by the Guinness World Record.", "based_on_pattern": "('World''S Largest Ball Of Paint')-['RECOGNIZED_BY']->('Guinness World Record')", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0812", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is Monica Inzer's professional role at Hamilton College?", "context": "At Hamilton College, Monica Inzer holds the position of Dean of Admission and Financial Aid.", "based_on_pattern": "(Monica Inzer)-[DEAN_OF_ADMISSION_AND_FINANCIAL_AID_AT]->(Hamilton College)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0813", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "In which region was Latin considered the mother tongue?", "context": "Latin was the mother tongue in the region of Latium.", "based_on_pattern": "(Latin)-[WAS_MOTHER_TONGUE_IN]->(Latium)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0814", "coqa_story": "Sure. you know their names, possibly better than you know the name of the street you live on. \n\nWhen the need comes, these names roll off our tongues like they were our own brothers. I am writing about the famous Webster s Dictionary and Roget s Thesaurus. \n\nWebster s Dictionary. Many people can respond immediately: Noah Webster. We are aware that he is the father of the dictionary. But who was he? What did he do for a living? When did he live? \n\nNoah was born in 1758, graduated from Yale University in 1778. and later graduated from law school He produced the first American dictionary in 1806 and published his influential work An American Dictionary of the English Language in l828. His interests led him to be a lexicographer . textbook editor, author, Bible translator and spelling reformer. He also produced a large number of writings in medicine, mythology , and the relationship of European and Asian languages. In addition, he .founded the first New York daily newspaper in 1793. He died in 1843. \n\nRoget's Thesaurus. And it gives us The chance to learn about Roget, the man-Peter Mark Roget, And who? What? When? \n\nEnglishman Peter Roget, MD, was born in 1779. He studied medicine and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. He is considered as the creator of the first-ever thesaurus . It has been called one of the three most important books ever printed. along with the Bible and Webster s Dictionary. He began his work Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in I 805 but did not publish it until 1852-47 years later. In his lifetime. he became a noted lecturer and writer on anatomy( ). geology .bees,and more . When Roget died in 1869 at age 90. his son, John . took over the Thesaurus arid he gradually expanded it. \n\nSo now you know the two famous books. Not enough information? As well-known humourist James Thurber suggested in the title of his 1941 magazine short story about baseball, You Could Look It Up!", "question": "When was he born?", "context": "Peter Mark Roget was born in 1779. Noah Webster was born in 1758.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Mark Roget)-[born in]->(1779) || (Noah Webster)-[born in]->(1758)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0815", "coqa_story": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica), Mick Jagger (lead vocals), Keith Richards (guitar, backing vocals), Bill Wyman (bass), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the band less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor, who remained until 1974. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins (1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982), Ian McLagan (1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981), Billy Preston (through the mid-1970s) and Chuck Leavell (1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cpresent). The band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the band's songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. \n\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a short period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album \"Their Satanic Majesties Request\" (1967). Subsequently, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with \"Beggars Banquet\" (1968) which along with its follow-ups \"Let It Bleed\" (1969), \"Sticky Fingers\" (1971) and \"Exile on Main St.\" (1972) is generally considered to be the band's best work and is seen as their \"Golden Age\". During this period, they were first introduced on stage as \"The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\". Musicologist Robert Palmer attributed the \"remarkable endurance\" of the Rolling Stones to being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".", "question": "When was he active?", "context": "Chuck Leavell was active during 1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cPresent. Nicky Hopkins was active during 1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982. Ian Mclagan was active during 1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981.", "based_on_pattern": "(Chuck Leavell)-[active during]->(1982\u00e2\u20ac\u201cPresent) || (Nicky Hopkins)-[active during]->(1967\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1982) || (Ian Mclagan)-[active during]->(1978\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1981)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0816", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "He is a spokesperson, but for which entity?", "context": "Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas is the spokesperson for the Pakistan Army. Lt. Col. J.S. Brar is the spokesperson for Kashmir.", "based_on_pattern": "(Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas)-[spokesperson for]->(Pakistan Army) || (Lt. Col. J.S. Brar)-[spokesperson for]->(Kashmir)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0817", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "When was it published?", "context": "An Investigation Of The Laws Of Thought was published in 1854. The Mathematical Analysis Of Logic was published in 1847.", "based_on_pattern": "(An Investigation Of The Laws Of Thought)-[published in]->(1854) || (The Mathematical Analysis Of Logic)-[published in]->(1847)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0818", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "After which treaty did the Kingdom of Lotharingia become a duchy?", "context": "The Kingdom of Lotharingia became a duchy after the Treaty of Ribemont.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kingdom Of Lotharingia)-[BECAME_DUCHY_AFTER]->(Treaty Of Ribemont)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0819", "coqa_story": "Bucharest, Romania (CNN) -- Romania's president Traian Basescu was suspended on Friday, after the impeachment motion filed by the ruling coalition passed the Parliament's vote. \n\nRomania's coalition of Social Democrats and Liberals argued their action by saying that President Traian Basescu has breached the Constitution and overstepped his authority. \n\nThe motion passed with 256 votes, 39 more than the minimum required. The country is expected to hold a referendum on July 29, when Romanians will have to vote whether they want Basescu to remain in office. \n\nDuring the suspension, National Liberal Party leader Crin Antonescu, who is also the president of the Senate, will assume the interim presidency. Earlier this week, Antonescu was appointed the president of the Senate. This position allows him to assume the president's attributions, in case the latter is suspended, according to the Constitution. \n\nCrin Antonescu said on Friday he is ready to step out of politics if Basescu wins the referendum. \n\nDuring his speech in parliament, before the vote, Basescu accused the ruling coalition of taking control of the country's judicial system and public institutions. \n\nHe also expressed concern about the country's state of law and said this political turmoil will have long-term negative impacts on Romania. \n\n\"Take care of the country!\" Basescu said at the end of his speech. It is the second time Basescu has faced suspension since he took the power, eight years ago. The first time was in 2007, after which he won a referendum and returned to office. \n\nEarlier on Friday, Romania's Constitutional Court gave an ambiguous statement regarding the constitutional status of this impeachment motion. The judges approved some of the points from the motion, but they didn't make it clear whether Basescu has violated the Constitution or not. In any case, the Court played an advisory role this time, leaving the final word to the Parliament. The court issued a statement saying that one of its judges, Aspazia Cojocaru, received threats prior to court debates on the impeachment motion. ", "question": "Which two political groups filed an impeachment motion against Traian Basescu?", "context": "The Social Democrats and the Liberals both filed an impeachment motion against Traian Basescu.", "based_on_pattern": "[(Social Democrats)-[FILED_IMPEACHMENT_MOTION_AGAINST]->(Traian Basescu), (Liberals)-[FILED_IMPEACHMENT_MOTION_AGAINST]->(Traian Basescu)]", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0820", "coqa_story": "Two young artists named Sue and Joanna shared a studio apartment in the Greenwich Village area of New York, trying to realize their dreams. In November pneumonia killed many people. Unluckily, Joanna fell ill, too. One morning, a doctor examined Joanna and then spoke with Sue in another room. \"She has decided that she has no chance. All we can do is give her a strong will to live.\" \n\nHolding back her tears, Sue went to Joanna's room. Joanna lay with her face toward the window, eyes wide open. She was counting something backward. \"Twelve,\" she said, and a little later \"eleven\" until \"five,\" almost together. Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was a wall covered with an old ivy vine growing half way up it. The cold breath of autumn has stricken the leaves from the vine until it was almost bare. \n\n\"Five what, dear?\" asked Sue. \n\n\"Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too.\" \n\n\"Oh, Don't be silly.\" Said Sue, \"You will get better.\" \n\n\"There goes another one. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.\" \n\n\"Try to sleep.\" said Sue. \"I must call Mr. Behrman up to be my model for my drawing of an old miner. Don't try to move until I come back.\" \n\nOld Behrman was a poor painter who lived in the building. For years he had always been planning to paint a work of art, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little money by serving as a model to artists who could not pay for a professional model. \n\nSue found Behrman in his room. In one area was a blank canvas that had been waiting twenty-five years for the first line of paint. Sue told him about Joanna and how she feared that her friend would float away like a leaf. \n\n\"What!\" Old Behrman was angered at such an idea. \"How silly! Just take me to her room.\" \n\nJoanna was sleeping when they went in. A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. \n\nThe next morning, Sue awoke after an hour's sleep. She found Joanna staring at the covered window. \"Pull up the shade; I want to see.\" Sue obeyed. \n\n\"It's the last leaf,\" said Joanna. \"It will fall today, and I will go with it.\" \n\nWhen night came, the rain began to fall again with a strong wind. \n\nThe next morning, Joanna demanded that the window shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there. Joanna lay for a long time, looking at it. And then she called Sue, \"I have been a bad girl. I'm so wrong. Now I want to get well and paint again.\" \n\nThe doctor came to see Joanna in the afternoon. He told Sue \"Joanna is improving. Now I must see Behrman. Pneumonia, too, very ill. Little hope for him.\" \n\nLater that day, Sue came to Joanna, and put one arm around her. \n\n\"Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia in the hospital today. He was sick only two days. When someone went into his room, Behrman was lying there with his shoes on. His shoes and clothes were all wet. Nobody knew why.\" \n\n\"Oh, poor Behrman!\" Cried Joanna. \n\n\"See the last leaf on the wall,\" said Sue, \" It looks like a real leaf, doesn't it? \" \n\n\"A real leaf ? \" \n\n\"Ah, darling, it is Behrman's masterpiece -- he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.\"", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Studio Apartment is located in Greenwich Village. Greenwich Village is located in New York.", "based_on_pattern": "(Studio Apartment)-[located in]->(Greenwich Village) || (Greenwich Village)-[located in]->(New York)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0821", "coqa_story": "\"Lizzie, there's a letter for you!\" Emily called up the stairs to her sister. Elizabeth looked down. \"Is it from Harvard? They refused my application once.\" Emily answered, \"No, it's from Yale.\" Quickly, Elizabeth walked downstairs. She took the letter and opened it. \"Rejected again,\" Elizabeth said unhappily. \"Who says women can't be doctors?\" \n\n\"They are fools not to accept you. You can't let them stop you, Lizzie,\" Emily said. \n\n\"I won't. I'll apply to Geneva Medical College,\" Elizabeth told her sister. As it turned out, the professors at Geneva Medical College were not fools. They allowed Elizabeth Blackwell to study medicine. \n\nIn 1848, a year before Elizabeth would graduate, a typhoid epidemic broke out in New York. Elizabeth wrote to Emily. \"There's an outbreak of typhoid, and I am going to help. It is dangerous, so if I should not survive, please do me the honor of studying medicine yourself.\" \n\nEmily replied, \"Encouraged by your dream and success, I have decided to study in medical school, as well.\" \n\nHaving survived the disease, Elizabeth tried to set up a private medical practice. \"I graduated first in my class but no one believes a woman can be a good doctor,\" she said to Emily one day. \"All I hear is that doctors should be men, while women should stay home to cook and clean.\" \n\nEmily said worriedly, \"I will graduate in June with my medical degree. What shall we do?\" Elizabeth thought for a while and replied, \"There's a big house in the poor part of our town. We can practice medicine there for people who couldn't afford care.\" \n\nSoon with the help of some friends, Elizabeth and Emily bought the house and opened a hospital for poor women and children. \"We'll have an all-women staff ,\" Elizabeth said. \"And later, we'll add a medical college for women!\" Emily added. At last, Elizabeth realized her dream of being a doctor.", "question": "Which medical college accepted Elizabeth Blackwell?", "context": "Geneva Medical College accepted Elizabeth Blackwell.", "based_on_pattern": "(Geneva Medical College)-[ACCEPTED]->(Elizabeth Blackwell)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0822", "coqa_story": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u00e2\u20ac\u201c or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "question": "Where are they located?", "context": "Associated Press (Ap) is located in United States. Reuters is located in Britain. Havas is located in France. Wolff is located in Germany.", "based_on_pattern": "(Associated Press (Ap))-[located in]->(United States) || (Reuters)-[located in]->(Britain) || (Havas)-[located in]->(France) || (Wolff)-[located in]->(Germany)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0823", "coqa_story": "The Canadian Hot 100 is a music industry record chart in Canada for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated June 16, 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada; a new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. \n\nThe chart is similar to \"Billboard\"s US-based Hot 100 in that it combines physical and digital sales as measured by Nielsen SoundScan, streaming activity data provided by online music sources, and radio airplay as measured by Nielsen BDS. Canada's airplay chart is the result of monitoring more than 100 stations representing rock, country, adult contemporary and Top 40 genres. \n\nThe first number-one song of the Canadian Hot 100 was \"Umbrella\" by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z on June 16, 2007. As of the issue for the week ending October 7, 2017, the Canadian Hot 100 has had 117 different number-one hits. The current number-one is \"Rockstar\" by Post Malone featuring 21 Savage. \n\nThe chart was made available for the first time via \"Billboard\" online services on June 7, 2007 (issue dated June 16, 2007). With this launch, it marked the first time that \"Billboard\" created a Hot 100 chart for a country outside the United States. \"Billboard\" charts manager Geoff Mayfield announced the premiere of the chart, explaining \"the new \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 will serve as the definitive measure of Canada's most popular songs, continuing our magazine's longstanding tradition of using the most comprehensive resources available to provide the world's most authoritative music charts.\" The \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 is managed by Paul Tuch, director of Canadian operations for Nielsen BDS, in consultation with Silvio Pietroluongo, \"Billboard\"s associate director of charts and manager of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "question": "Which music chart is the Canadian Hot 100 similar to?", "context": "The Canadian Hot 100 is similar to the Hot 100.", "based_on_pattern": "(Canadian Hot 100)-[SIMILAR_TO]->(Hot 100)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0824", "coqa_story": "The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. \n\nIndoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced, new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants. \n\nWHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking? heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cook-stoves. Most of the deaths are in developing countries. \n\nCarlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. \n\nWHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. \n\nNigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way. \n\nWHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $ 8.00. And in Africa a you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. 00.", "question": "How much does it cost?", "context": "Induction Stove has a cost of $8.00. Solar Lamp has a cost of Less Than $1.00.", "based_on_pattern": "(Induction Stove)-[has cost]->($8.00) || (Solar Lamp)-[has cost]->(Less Than $1.00)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0825", "coqa_story": "In a surprising result, the No. 69 Middle School girls' football team yesterday beat their school's boys' team. The boys' team often helped the girls with their training . They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4 -- 3. After the game, Wu Nai, head of the boys' team, was very unhappy. \"We all thought this would be an easy game,\" he said. \"We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the saddest day of my life. \" But Mr Hu, the boys' PE teacher, said he thought the girls should win. \"The boys were too confident ,\" he said. \"I told them before the match that they needed to play well. They all thought that girls' football was a joke. Now they know better. They didn't play carefully, and they lost.\" The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2 - 0. Their best player, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the mid-field player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only the second minute of the match. After the first half hour, the boys seemed to become too confident. At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous , but then they became more and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin made the score 2 - 1. In the second half, the boys were the first to score. It was from Lu Ming. After that the boys became lazy, but the girls kept on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th minute, to make the score 3 -- 2. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the last score 4-3. It was a surprising finish. The girls' PE teacher, Miss Wang, was very pleased with their work. \"They were great!\" She said. \"I told them they could win. I told them that the most important thing was teamwork. The boys' team had some good players, but my girls were a better team!\"", "question": "When did they score?", "context": "Lu Ming scored in the 30Th Minute. Ma Zhengquan scored in the 2Nd Minute. Hao Meiling scored in the 68Th Minute.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lu Ming)-[scored in]->(30Th Minute) || (Ma Zhengquan)-[scored in]->(2Nd Minute) || (Hao Meiling)-[scored in]->(68Th Minute)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0826", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- It has been a rocky couple of years for the people of Egypt. Since the 2011 revolution, the economy has tanked, street protests are an almost daily occurrence and the political situation remains volatile. \n\nHowever, a handful of young Egyptians have found that the best way to take a stand against the turmoil is with stand-up comedy. \n\n\"We are like a little beam of sunlight, coming through and reminding people, 'Don't worry! When this cloud passes, it will be brighter. It will be happier,'\" says Rami Borai, a comedian in one of Egypt's first home-grown comedy troupes, Hezb El Comedy. \n\nThe group, whose name means \"The Comedy Party,\" was formed in 2009 by Hashim Al Gahry, who admits he started up with \"zero capital.\" Al Gahry and some friends pooled their savings, and started marketing the group through social media. When they're not performing, Hezb El Comedy teaches the art of stand-up to other aspiring comics, instructing them on things like timing and body language. \n\n\"We're not the funniest people in the world, but it's the experience that has put us in a position to give them advice and tell them, 'These are our mistakes, and this is what you can do to avoid what we did,'\" says Al Gahry. \n\nRead more: Book shows collection of Iran's political cartoons \n\nOther Arab nations are similarly investing in grassroots comedy. In Qatar, a few young comics have come together to form SUCQ (an acronym for Stand Up Comedy Qatar). \n\n\"It's an American art. We took it from the Americans. We have reshaped it to adapt to our culture and society and people,\" says Hamad Al Amri, 24, a comedian who is also a banker by day. Mohamed Kamal, who also performs stand-up with SUCQ, notes that given Qatar's political climate, there are limits to what he can joke about. ", "question": "What is he a member of?", "context": "Rami Borai is a member of Hezb El Comedy. Hamad Al Amri is a member of Sucq.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rami Borai)-[is member of]->(Hezb El Comedy) || (Hamad Al Amri)-[is member of]->(Sucq)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0827", "coqa_story": "On a Saturday morning earlier this September, the world got its first look at the Strati. This electric vehicle is unlike any other currently on the road. It rolls on four wheels, but its body and chassis weren't built in a factory. Instead, Strati's designers used a technology called 3-D printing. It created those parts of the car in one piece, from the ground up. \"Compared to a typical vehicle on the road, the Strati definitely looks different,\" says Greg Schroeder, a senior research engineer at the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, Mich. He did not work on the new car. His organization studies trends and changes in the auto industry. It took 44 hours to print the new car at the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago. Over the next few days, the car's designers installed additional parts. These included the car's engine, brakes and tires. Then, early on September 13, Jay Rogers climbed into the car, started its engine and drove the vehicle onto the street. Rogers helped found Local Motors. It's the Arizona-based company behind the Strati. Two weeks later, his team printed a second Strati, and just as fast, at a fair in New York City. Justin Fishkin, a local Motors official, sees the Strati as a window into the future. Today, car buyers are limited in their choice of a vehicle. They can order only what car companies have already designed. But in the future, he says, you may be able to design your own car online and then get it printed to order. Manufacturing experts say 3-D printing has begun to revolutionize how they make things. The technology has been around for decades. But these machines used to be so expensive that only large companies could afford them. In the last few years, though, that has changed. Many of the machines are now inexpensive enough for small companies--or even individuals --to own. Some local libraries make them available to the public. High Schools are beginning to use them in classrooms. Wide access to these printers means people can now design and print a wide variety of new things. The car's printer is a one-of-a-kind device. The technology behind the 3-D printer used in Chicago is an example of additive manufacturing. This process builds solid objects, slice by slice, from the bottom up. (\"Strati\" means layers, in Italian.) A mechanical arm moves a _ from one side to another, back and forth. As it moves, the nozzle deposits a liquid--often melted plastic or metal (but it could be food, concrete or even cells) --that quickly hardens or bonds to become solid or semi-solid. This creates a single, thin layer. Once a layer is complete, the printer starts depositing the next one. \"There's a lot of interest in 3-D printing in the auto industry,\" says Schroeder. Right now, the technology is particularly useful for building models of cars or car parts. To compete with current auto manufacturers, the 3-D printer would have to increase in a hurry, Schroeder says. By contrast, he notes, a Ford F-150 pickup truck rolls off an assembly line at a rate of roughly one per minute. To print as many Stratis would require many more printers. Schroeder says he doesn't see 3-D printing soon taking over for such high-volume manufacturing. But, he adds, \"Who knows what will happen in the long term?\" Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee designed the 3-D printer used in Chicago. Lonnie Love, a research scientist at the lab, led the effort. Additive manufacturing often is slow and expensive. It also may produce materials that are unreliable, Love says. So for two years, his team searched for ways to make 3-D printing better. They built new machines and tested them over and over. All of that work paid off: their new machine is fast and uses less expensive material than earlier printers. In addition, it prints a plastic embedded with fibers of carbon to produce a stronger material. This helps ensure the material won't crack or break under pressure.", "question": "Where does he work?", "context": "Greg Schroeder works at Center For Automotive Research. Lonnie Love works at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Justin Fishkin works at Local Motors.", "based_on_pattern": "(Greg Schroeder)-[works at]->(Center For Automotive Research) || (Lonnie Love)-[works at]->(Oak Ridge National Laboratory) || (Justin Fishkin)-[works at]->(Local Motors)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0828", "coqa_story": "When the shooting of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was complete, it was much more than a movie wrap-up . Rupert Grint, who played Ron Weasley, toldThe Sunday Timesthat he's happy to have the time for romance now filming is over. Emma Watson, who is Hermione Granger in the movies, said she looked forward to \"finally being free, being my own person\" - a change signaled by her new haircut. Daniel Radcliffe, who has been the face of the boy wizard since 2001, said that he \"did cry like a little girl\" when the last movie finished. \"It's like the ending of a relationship,\" he toldThe Vancouver Sun. \"There's a sense of, 'God, what am I going to do now?'\" He said he was eager to see \"what life holds for him beyond Hogwarts\". Along with the three actors, Harry Potter fans, now in their late teens, came of age with J.K. Rowling's characters. For them, the last film isn't just a goodbye to a decade of magic, but the close of their childhoods. \"We are the Harry Potter generation,\" Canadian Andrea Hill, 19, toldThe Vancouver Sun.\"We started in elementary school, reading about a boy our age who was going through the same things we were going through. We grew up, so did he.\" For Emily Chahal, an 18-year-old student, the series has been an inspiring journey. \"That first book was what started my love of literature. It was the inspiration for everything - really teaching me to appreciate my friends, and to face difficulties with a sense of courage,\" she said. \"I have a sense of sadness. The end of the movies is kind of the end of my childhood, too.\" Fortunately, to the delight of die-hard fans, there are many things that keep the boy wizard alive. For example, in June this year, a Harry Potter theme park opened in Florida, US. Some schools in the US and UK also have Quidditch teams - players ride broomsticks. \"We're not waiting anymore to see what happens to Harry next,\" Hill told The Vancouver Sun. She founded a Quidditch club at Carleton University in Canada. \"We're still engaged in that magical world.\"", "question": "Which publication has a quote from Andrea Hill?", "context": "The Vancouver Sun has a quote from Andrea Hill.", "based_on_pattern": "(Andrea Hill)-[QUOTED_BY]->(The Vancouver Sun)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0829", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV. \n\n\n\nStill the silence lasted. Henry had tried at first to persuade himself that it was only by chance that he never heard his own name from lips that used to call it more often than any other. Indeed, he was so much used to favour, that it needed all the awe-struck pity of the rest to prove to him its withdrawal; and he was so much in the habit of thrusting himself before Samuel, that even the sight and sound of the First Book of Euclid, all day long, failed to convince him that his brother could be preferred; above all, as Nurse Freeman had been collecting his clean shirts as well as Sam's, and all the portmanteaus and trunks in the house had been hunted out of the roof. Once, either the spirit of imitation, or his usual desire of showing himself off, made him break in when Sam was knitting his brows frightfully over a sum in proportion. Hal could do it in no time! \n\nSo he did; but he put the third term first, and multiplied the hours into the minutes, instead of reducing them to the same denomination; so that he made out that twenty-five men would take longer to cut a field of grass than three, and then could not see that he was wrong; but Miss Fosbrook and Sam both looked so much grieved for him, that a start of fright went through him. \n\nSome minds really do not understand a fault till they see it severely visited; and \"at least\" and \"couldn't help\" had so blinded Henry's eyes that he had thought himself more unlucky than to blame, till his father's manner forced it on him that he had done something dreadful. Vaguely afraid, he hung about, looking so wretched that he was a piteous sight; and it cut his father to the heart to spend such a last day together. Mayhap the Captain could hardly have held out all that second day, if he had not passed his word to his brother. ", "question": "Who is he the brother of?", "context": "Henry is the brother of Samuel. Samuel is the brother of Henry.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry)-[is brother of]->(Samuel) || (Samuel)-[is brother of]->(Henry)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0830", "coqa_story": "Chapter VIII.--THE MARTIAL BOY AND HIS ENGLISH versus THE LAWS OF NATURE. \n\n\"Glorious Campaign in the Netherlands, Siege of Tournay, final ruin of the Dutch Barrier!\" this is the French program for Season 1745,--no Belleisle to contradict it; Belleisle secure at Windsor, who might have leant more towards German enterprises. And to this his Britannic Majesty (small gain to him from that adroitness in the Harz, last winter!) has to make front. And is strenuously doing so, by all methods; especially by heroic expenditure of money, and ditto exposure of his Martial Boy. Poor old Wade, last year,--perhaps Wade did suffer, as he alleged, from \"want of sufficient authority in that mixed Army\"? Well, here is a Prince of the Blood, Royal Highness of Cumberland, to command in chief. With a Konigseck to dry-nurse him, may not Royal Highness, luck favoring, do very well? Luck did not favor; Britannic Majesty, neither in the Netherlands over seas, nor at home (strange new domestic wool, of a tarry HIGHLAND nature, being thrown him to card, on the sudden!), made a good Campaign, but a bad. And again a bad (1746) and again (1747), ever again, till he pleased to cease altogether. Of which distressing objects we propose that the following one glimpse be our last. \n\n\n\nBATTLE OF FONTENOY (11th May, 1745). \n\n... \"In the end of April, Marechal de Saxe, now become very famous for his sieges in the Netherlands, opened trenches before Tournay; King Louis, with his Dauphin, not to speak of mistresses, play-actors and cookery apparatus (in wagons innumerable), hastens to be there. A fighting Army, say of 70,000, besides the garrisons; and great things, it is expected, will be done; Tournay, in spite of strong works and Dutch garrison of 9,000, to be taken in the first place. ", "question": "What nationality was the garrison that was stationed in Tournay?", "context": "The garrison stationed in Tournay was Dutch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tournay)-[HAS_GARRISON]->(Dutch)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0831", "coqa_story": "Blair: Blair was the first to appear in movies in history. In 1905, Blair appeared in the movie Rescued by Rover . It is a British film that a baby is kidnapped by an old woman, but the faithful family dog Rover saves the baby at last. \n\nThough Rover is a common name, it became popular because of the dog hero in the movie. \n\nLassie: lassie used to be the most famous dog in the world. She is a character who has starred in many movies, TV shows and books over the years. \n\nLassie was created by Eric Knight and made her way into a short story in a newspaper in 1913 and into a novel in 1940. \n\nLaika: Laika is the first animal that has orbited the earth. On November 3, 1957, Laika was sent to space in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2.(2). The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that the spacecraft would not return. It meant that the poor animal would die. People argued a lot about Laika's death. Several countries issued stamps in memory of Laika. She became the first animal to give her life for the exploration of space. \n\nRin Tin Tin: Rin Tin Tin is the first American dog movie star. He first appeared in WhereThe North Begins in 1925. Rin Tin Tin went on to make 25 movies, he even signed his own contracts with paw prints . During his best time, he earned about 5 million dollars for those people who worked for him. \n\nSnoopy: snoopy may be the most famous cartoon dog in the world. As a hunting beagle from Charles Schultz' popular newspaper comic strip , Peanuts, snoopy first appeared in 1950. Though snoopy was at first a minor figure, he grew to become the strip's best-known character. He is famous for always sleeping on top of his doghouse and sometimes dressing up and pretending himself as a World War I airplane pilot. Snoopy appeared in the Peanuts comic strips until Schultz's retirement ( and death ) in February of 2000.", "question": "What did he create?", "context": "Eric Knight created Lassie. Charles Schultz created Peanuts.", "based_on_pattern": "(Eric Knight)-[created]->(Lassie) || (Charles Schultz)-[created]->(Peanuts)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0832", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "What is their nationality?", "context": "The Indian Soldier is of Indian nationality. The Three Pakistani Paramilitary Soldiers are of Pakistani nationality.", "based_on_pattern": "(Indian Soldier)-[nationality]->(India) || (Three Pakistani Paramilitary Soldiers)-[nationality]->(Pakistan)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0833", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Net speak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Net speak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Net speak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurnberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messages, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Net speakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Net speak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\".", "question": "According to Cynthia Mcvey, who should be taught Standard English?", "context": "Cynthia Mcvey believes that Young People should be taught Standard English.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cynthia Mcvey)-[BELIEVES_SHOULD_BE_TAUGHT_STANDARD_ENGLISH]->(Young People)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0834", "coqa_story": "Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn't very strong nor did it have pedals .Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground. \n\nIn 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan's machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan's bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers. \n\nIn 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede,but most people called it a \"bone shaker\" because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people. \n\nTen years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment. \n\nIt wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson;bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.", "question": "What was Kirkpatrick Macmillan's occupation?", "context": "Kirkpatrick Macmillan's occupation was a blacksmith.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kirkpatrick Macmillan)-[HAS_OCCUPATION]->(Blacksmith)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0835", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Who is it illustrated by?", "context": "Planet Kindergarten was illustrated by Shane Prigmore. The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade was illustrated by Christian Robinson. Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School was illustrated by Adam Auerbach.", "based_on_pattern": "(Planet Kindergarten)-[illustrated by]->(Shane Prigmore) || (The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)-[illustrated by]->(Christian Robinson) || (Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School)-[illustrated by]->(Adam Auerbach)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0836", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER LXXIX \n\nThe Wharton Wedding \n\nIt was at last settled that the Wharton marriage should take place during the second week in June. There were various reasons for the postponement. In the first place Mary Wharton, after a few preliminary inquiries, found herself forced to declare that Messrs. Muddocks and Cramble could not send her forth equipped as she ought to be equipped for such a husband in so short a time. \"Perhaps they do it quicker in London,\" she said to Everett with a soft regret, remembering the metropolitan glories of her sister's wedding. And then Arthur Fletcher could be present during the Whitsuntide holidays; and the presence of Arthur Fletcher was essential. And it was not only his presence at the altar that was needed;--Parliament was not so exacting but that he might have given that;--but it was considered by the united families to be highly desirable that he should on this occasion remain some days in the country. Emily had promised to attend the wedding, and would of course be at Wharton for at least a week. As soon as Everett had succeeded in wresting a promise from his sister, the tidings were conveyed to Fletcher. It was a great step gained. When in London she was her own mistress; but surrounded as she would be down in Herefordshire by Fletchers and Whartons, she must be stubborn indeed if she should still refuse to be taken back into the flock, and be made once more happy by marrying the man whom she confessed that she loved with her whole heart. The letter to Arthur Fletcher containing the news was from his brother John, and was written in a very business-like fashion. \"We have put off Mary's marriage a few days, so that you and she should be down here together. If you mean to go on with it, now is your time.\" Arthur, in answer to this, merely said he would spend the Whitsuntide holidays at Longbarns. ", "question": "Who is he the brother of?", "context": "Everett is the brother of Emily. John is the brother of Arthur Fletcher.", "based_on_pattern": "(Everett)-[is brother of]->(Emily) || (John)-[is brother of]->(Arthur Fletcher)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0837", "coqa_story": "Phone Soap: Charge and Clean Your Phone \n\nYou may charge your phone every day, but do you clean your phone as much? Whatever your hands touch, your phones touch. It has been discovered that some phones have 18 times more bacteria and viruses than any surface in a public restroom. So it probably won't surprise you that a 2011 University of London study found that one in six of our phones have bacteria and viruses on them--specifically, the bacteria called E. coli. \n\nThe research on bacteria and viruses led to the invention of Phone Soap. It is not actually liquid like dishwasher soap. It is a phone charger that uses the electromagnetic radiation used in hospitals to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses, cleaning your phone while it charges. \n\n\"There are really certain types of bacteria and viruses that we should not be in touch with, and they are really on our phones,\" says Wes Barnes, the Phone Soap co-founder. It all started while his cousin and co-founder, Dan LaPorte, was in his cancer research lab at college. \"He realized he got the idea of getting rid of bacteria and viruses on the phones,\" said Barnes. \"In the lab they used UV-C light for destroying them. He realized this would be the fastest, most powerful way to kill any bacteria and viruses living on electronic machines.\" \n\nPhone Soap looks like a little metal suitcase. Your phone rests in to charge and get cleaned at the same time. Instead of plugging your phone into the wall, you'd plug it into the Phone Soap charger box. The process only takes a few minutes but, Barnes says, \"The idea is that you can leave it in there overnight if you want to keep charging. Reflective paint keeps the light completely around the phone so it cleans the phone fully.\" \n\nThe co-founders spent 2013 finding the right companies and they started shipping the product in late November. By last week's International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Phone Soap was all grown-up. Both co-founders have left their previous jobs and are selling Phone Soap nonstop. \"We're shipping almost more than we can handle each day,\" Barnes says. \"It's been a great adventure.\"", "question": "What does it clean?", "context": "Phone Soap cleans Phone. Uv-C Light cleans Electronic Machines.", "based_on_pattern": "(Phone Soap)-[cleans]->(Phone) || (Uv-C Light)-[cleans]->(Electronic Machines)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0838", "coqa_story": "We're unleashing the five most popular songs in the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, for the week ending November 15, 2014. We don't get any new songs this week...but things do get shaken up a bit. It all starts in fifth place, where Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj dip a notch with \"Bang Bang.\" Jessie says she wanted to assemble this lineup for a long time - she says she only met the other two after the song went to number one on iTunes. Jessie also says she wanted to use Nicki five years ago on her debut single, \"Do It Like A Dude.\" Taking over fourth place is Maroon 5 with \"Animals.\" This band has been around for 20 years...but not always under this name. The Los Angeles group formed in 1994 as Kara's Flowers, and released one album under that name in 1997. Four years later the members re-grouped as Maroon 5, and the rest is chart history. Holding in third place is Tove Lo with \"Habits (Stay High).\" Where did that name come from? This Swedish artist's real name is Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson. \"Lo\" is Swedish for lynx - a species of wildcat that Tove says she fell in love with as a little girl. After eight weeks, Meghan Trainor falls off the Hot 100 pedestal: \"All About That Bass\" falls to second place. Last week, she and Miranda Lambert sang this song at the Country Music Association Awards in Nashville, and Meghan kicks off a headlining North American tour next February in Vancouver, Canada. Taylor Swift re-takes the Hot 100 title, with \"Shake It Off\" - giving her three total weeks at the top - but that's only the beginning of her phenomenal week. Taylor's 1989 album just opened at number one by selling 1.2 million domestic copies. That's the largest sales week since The Eminem Show sold 1.3 million copies, way back in 2002. That's a wrap for this week, but as you know, the chart is always changing. Come back in seven days for an all-new lineup.", "question": "What was the band Maroon 5 formerly known as?", "context": "Maroon 5 was formerly known as Kara's Flowers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Maroon 5)-[FORMERLY_KNOWN_AS]->(Kara'S Flowers)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0839", "coqa_story": "The 1912 Summer Olympics (Swedish: \"Olympiska sommarspelen 1912\"), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports. With the exception of tennis (starting on 5 May) and football and shooting (both starting on 29 June), the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July. It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and, with Japan's debut, the first time an Asian nation participated. Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. \n\nThe games were the first to have art competitions, women's diving, women's swimming, and the first to feature both the decathlon and the new pentathlon, both won by Jim Thorpe. Electric timing was introduced in athletics, while the host country disallowed boxing. Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games. United States won the most gold medals (25), while Sweden won the most medals overall (65). \n\nFollowing the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, the authorities in Sweden immediately sought to ensure that the next games would be held there. There were two Swedish members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the time, Viktor Balck and Clarence von Rosen. The pair proposed to the Swedish governing bodies of athletics and gymnastics in order to ensure that they backed any potential bid. Support was given by the national associations on 18 April 1909 for a bid to host the Olympics in Stockholm on the basis that suitable financial arrangements could be made. King Gustaf V was petitioned on 6 May 1909 following the publication of preliminary plans for the Stockholm bid that the expected cost of hosting the Games would be 415,000 kronor (\u00c2\u00a323,050 or $115,250). The Government accepted the petition on behalf of the King and supported the bid.", "question": "What did the 1912 Summer Olympics promote?", "context": "The 1912 Summer Olympics promoted the Nordic Games.", "based_on_pattern": "(1912 Summer Olympics)-[PROMOTED]->(Nordic Games)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0840", "coqa_story": "There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century. \n\nIn 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India.In order to reduce fraud , he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist . Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called \"Fingerprints\", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system--the first existence. \n\nAround the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, _ matched Rojas' exactly.She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy . It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries. \n\nSir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.", "question": "On what kind of objects did Henry Faulds discover fingerprints?", "context": "Henry Faulds discovered fingerprints on ancient pieces of clay.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry Faulds)-[DISCOVERED_FINGERPRINTS_ON]->(Ancient Pieces Of Clay)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0841", "coqa_story": "My mother, Marisol Torres, came with her family to Australia in the early 1960s. Then my parents' marriage ended and Mum began the study of precious stones. Her interest in opals took her to the New South Wales remote town of Lightning Ridge. There were no luxuries , but she was closer to nature and had a chance to find black opals and make some money. My mother was beautiful with dark hair and brown eyes, but she was also quiet and shy. Early in the Ridge years, she kept to herself, but later, she started going to the neighbourhood centre to make friends. It was her dream to mine, but her get-rich-quick thinking was unrealistic. She was cheated and she was never very successful. But she kept a sense of humour and a charming smile. Then, just as friendships began to blossom, she was diagnosed with cancer and had to return south for treatment. She had the intention of cooking Spanish food as special treat for her Ridge friends, but died too soon. In her honour, my aunt, Marisa, and I fulfilled her desire when we visited the Ridge in March last year. People who mine the Ridge come from a cross section of society, from lawyers to travels. Looks don't mean much: it can be hard to tell who is millionaire and who is poor. Opals attracted Sebastian and Hanna Deisenberger to Lightning Ridge. They planned a two-year stay, but became permanent residents. Then there's Neil Schellnegger, 45, who moved to the area with his parents when he was a child. He lives with his son, Luke. Luke is a shy 19-year-old boy who enjoys helping his dad. They haven't had much luck over the past couple of years, but their passion for opals conquers disappointment. They love the peaceful lifestyle. Danny Hatcher, 38, is a second-generation miner and president of the Lightning Ridge Miners' Association. He is an optimistic man, driven by the desire to find the perfect opal. \"It's magic,\" he explains. \"Once you start opal mining you don't want to do anything else... There is always the potential for finding a million dollars. Nothing beats it.\" It's a place where dreams --- spiritual or material --- can be fulfilled; a place, for one last bet in life.", "question": "What is his age?", "context": "Luke has age 19. Danny Hatcher has age 38.", "based_on_pattern": "(Luke)-[has age]->(19) || (Danny Hatcher)-[has age]->(38)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0842", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Oklahoma State University women's basketball coach Kurt Budke and assistant coach Miranda Serna were killed when their plane crashed on the way to a recruiting trip in Arkansas, university officials said Friday. \n\nFormer Oklahoma state Sen. Olin Branstetter and his wife, Paula, also died in the crash Thursday, university spokesman Gary Schutt said. \n\n\"It's a terribly sad day,\" he said. \n\nThe crash occurred in Perry County, Arkansas, leaving no survivors. \n\nThe plane, a Piper Cherokee PA-28, according to FAA records, crashed under \"unknown circumstances\" in a wooded area about four miles south of Perryville, Arkansas, about 4:30 p.m. CT on Thursday, agency spokesman Lynn Lunsford said Friday. \n\nNo additional information about the crash was immediately available. \n\nThe National Transportation Safety Board has sent investigators to the crash site, the agency said Friday. \n\nBudke and Serna were on a recruiting trip to Little Rock, Arkansas, the university said. \n\n\"For any coaching community to lose bright stars like Kurt and Miranda is tragic,\" NCAA President Mark Emmert said in a statement. \"This is a profound loss for the Oklahoma State women's basketball family, the entire university and future women's basketball players as well.\" \n\nUniversity officials credited Budke for turning the school's women's basketball program around, culminating with a top-10 national ranking and an appearance in the second round of the NCAA tournament last season. He was in his seventh season with the school. \n\n\"Kurt was an exemplary leader and a man of character who had a profound impact on his student-athletes,\" Oklahoma State President Burns Hargis said. \"He was an outstanding coach and a wonderful person. We send our deepest sympathies to his wife, Shelley, and their children, Sara, Alex and Brett.\" ", "question": "What position did Burns Hargis hold at Oklahoma State University?", "context": "Burns Hargis was the President of Oklahoma State University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Burns Hargis)-[PRESIDENT_OF]->(Oklahoma State University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0843", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VII \n\nAs Eustace was returning, his attention was caught by repeated groans, which proceeded from a wretched little hovel almost level with the earth. \"Hark!\" said he to Ingram, a tall stout man-at-arms from the Lynwood estate. \"Didst thou not hear a groaning?\" \n\n\"Some of the Castilians, Sir. To think that the brutes should be content to live in holes not fit for swine!\" \n\n\"But methought it was an English tongue. Listen, John!\" \n\nAnd in truth English ejaculations mingled with the moans: \"To St. Joseph of Glastonbury, a shrine of silver! Blessed Lady of Taunton, a silver candlestick! Oh! St. Dunstan!\" \n\nEustace doubted no longer; and stooping down and entering the hut, he beheld, as well as the darkness would allow him, Leonard Ashton himself, stretched on some mouldy rushes, and so much altered, that he could scarcely have been recognized as the sturdy, ruddy youth who had quitted the Lances of Lynwood but five weeks before. \n\n\"Eustace! Eustace!\" he exclaimed, as the face of his late companion appeared. \"Can it be you? Have the saints sent you to my succour?\" \n\n\"It is I, myself, Leonard,\" replied Eustace; \"and I hope to aid you. How is it--\" \n\n\"Let me feel your hand, that I may be sure you are flesh and blood,\" cried Ashton, raising himself and grasping Eustace's hand between his own, which burnt like fire; then, lowering his voice to a whisper of horror, \"She is a witch!\" \n\n\"Who?\" asked Eustace, making the sign of the cross. \n\nLeonard pointed to a kind of partition which crossed the hut, beyond which Eustace could perceive an old hag-like woman, bending over a cauldron which was placed on the fire. Having made this effort, he sank back, hiding his face with his cloak, and trembling in every limb. A thrill of dismay passed over the Knight, and the giant, John Ingram, stood shaking like an aspen, pale as death, and crossing himself perpetually. \"Oh, take me from this place, Eustace,\" repeated Leonard, \"or I am a dead man, both body and soul!\" ", "question": "Who did Leonard Ashton accuse of being a witch?", "context": "Leonard Ashton accused the Old Hag-Like Woman of being a witch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leonard Ashton)-[ACCUSED_OF_BEING_A_WITCH]->(Old Hag-Like Woman)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0844", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "Which band does Keith Richards play guitar for?", "context": "Keith Richards plays guitar for the Rolling Stones.", "based_on_pattern": "(Keith Richards)-[GUITARIST_OF]->(Rolling Stones)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0845", "coqa_story": "Starting from this month, you won't be hearing the word \"NBA\" on sports programs on CCTV. Instead, sport hosts will give the full Chinese name when they refer to the NBA - National Basketball Association. You also won't hear any other English abbreviations on CCTV's Chinese programs, such as GDP (gross domestic product) or WTO (World Trade Organization). You will hear their Chinese translations. CCTV received a notice from the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, telling it to avoid using English-language abbreviations in their reports to protect the \"purity\" of the Chinese language. A few other TV stations also received the notice. Fu Zhenguo, an editor of People's Daily, is one of the people who proposed the change. \"Using English in a Chinese-speaking environment is against Chinese law,\" he said. \"Using English on Chinese TV programs is unfair to people who don't understand English. It will have a bad language influence on kids and teenagers.\" But some experts have a different opinion. Liu Yaoying, a professor at the Communications University of China, said the move shows cultural conservatism . \"If Western countries can accept some Chinglish words, why can't the Chinese language be mixed with English?\" Liu said. A lot of people have criticized the move, saying that it will cause problems for them. \"I understand what CD, VCD and DVD mean when I hear them. But I won't know what the TV programs are talking about if I hear those products' full Chinese names,\" a person wrote in a BBS post. Following the same post, another person wrote jokingly: \"I'm not listening to my MP3 now. I'm listening to my Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3. Some people also question why CCTV is keeping its logo, since it is also an English abbreviation.", "question": "What is it an abbreviation for?", "context": "Mp3 is an abbreviation for Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3. Nba is an abbreviation for National Basketball Association. Gdp is an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. Wto is an abbreviation for World Trade Organization.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mp3)-[is abbreviation for]->(Moving Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3) || (Nba)-[is abbreviation for]->(National Basketball Association) || (Gdp)-[is abbreviation for]->(Gross Domestic Product) || (Wto)-[is abbreviation for]->(World Trade Organization)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0846", "coqa_story": "\"Oh,you must have been a spoiled kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you're going to be like to deal with?\" That's often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she's an only child,she told ABC News.Despite such negative remarks,Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she's not alone. \n\nAccording to the US' Office for National Statistics,women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007. \n\nBut even though only children are becoming increasingly common,the traditional view that they're selfish,spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children,like Hult,are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they're being selfish and endangering their child's future,they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon,however,they ask themselves:is this social prejudice really reasonable? \n\n\"There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers ,\" Susan Newman,a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US,told ABC News. \n\nThis raises another question:why are only children still viewed with such suspicion? \n\n\"There is a belief that's been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous,both for you and for the continuation of your race,\" Toni Falbo,a professor of educational psychology,told the Guardian.\"In the past a lot of children died.You'd have had to be crazy to only have one.\" \n\nTimes,of course,have changed and infant mortality has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say? \n\nKayley Kravitz,a blogger for The Huffington Post,grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.\"Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all:the ability to be alone,\" she said.", "question": "Which university is Susan Newman affiliated with?", "context": "Susan Newman is affiliated with Rutgers University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Susan Newman)-[AFFILIATED_WITH]->(Rutgers University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0847", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "What notable title was Jaime Escalante known by?", "context": "Jaime Escalante was known as 'The Best Teacher In America'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jaime Escalante)-[KNOWN_AS]->(The Best Teacher In America)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0848", "coqa_story": "ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO. Established in 1967 as Greenwood Press, Inc. and based in Westport, Connecticut, Greenwood Publishing Group publishes reference works under its Greenwood Press imprint, and scholarly, professional, and general interest books under its related imprint, Praeger Publishers. Also part of GPG is Libraries Unlimited, which publishes professional works for librarians and teachers. \n\nThe company was founded as Greenwood Press, Inc. in 1967 by Harold Mason, a librarian and antiquarian bookseller, and Harold Schwartz who had a background in trade publishing. The company initially focused on reprinting out-of-print works, particularly titles listed in the American Library Association's first edition of \"Books for College Libraries\" (1967), under the Greenwood Press imprint, and out-of-print periodicals published as \"American Radical Periodicals\" under the Greenwood Reprint imprint. In 1969 the company was sold to Williamhouse-Regency, a company then on the American Stock Exchange, which led to further expanding its reprint activities as well as starting a microform publishing imprint, Greenwood Microforms. \n\nBy 1970 a small scholarly monograph program was established and Robert Hagelstein, formerly with the Johnson Reprint Corporation, a division of Academic Press, was hired as Vice President. In 1973, Mason and Schwartz left the company, and Hagelstein was named President, a position he would hold until his retirement at the end of 1999. During those twenty-seven years, the press wound down its reprint activities diverting its focus to new scholarly, reference, and professional books. This large-scale redirection of the company resulted in the publication of more than 10,000 titles during those years.", "question": "It is a part of which organization?", "context": "Libraries Unlimited is a part of Greenwood Publishing Group. Abc-Clio/Greenwood is a part of Abc-Clio.", "based_on_pattern": "(Libraries Unlimited)-[part of]->(Greenwood Publishing Group) || (Abc-Clio/Greenwood)-[part of]->(Abc-Clio)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0849", "coqa_story": "Authorities will continue to take a hard line on Internet-based rumors and punish those creating fake information, a senior official said on Thursday. \n\nAuthorities have removed more than 210,000 online posts and shut down 42 websites since mid-March in their latest crackdown on online rumors, said Liu Zhengrong, a senior official with the State Internet Information Office. \n\nFake information or rumors spread through the Internet, especially on micro blogs, have harmed social order and residents' daily lives, he said at a news briefing in Beijing. \n\nBefore the crackdown, six people who allegedly fabricated rumors about \"military vehicles entering Beijing\" had been detained and 16 websites closed for \n\nfake online information, according to police authorities. \n\n\"What we've done and will do is to make sure residents can know what they want to know, say what they think and supervise our management in a reliable and useful network environment,\" Liu said. \n\nLiu disagreed that the Internet can police itself against rumors, and told China Daily that some netizens can't distinguish truth from fiction, \"requiring government departments and website companies to take measures\". \n\nOn Monday, the Internet Society of China posted a proposal calling on Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors. \n\nIn response, three main Internet companies in the country - Sina, Baidu and Tencent - said they will target fake information with advanced technology and invest in manpower to supervise online information. \n\nZhao Zhiguo, deputy director of the Telecommunications Administration under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said stricter self-management of websites will help banish online rumors. \n\n\"Internet companies should take legal responsibility when operating their websites. They should not become a hotbed for rumors and provide opportunities for fake information,\" Zhao said, adding they will launch similar crackdowns to close illegal website companies and punish those responsible. \n\nCurrently, people who make or spread rumors related to terrorism and securities trading, or information affecting State security and companies' commercial reputations, will face criminal punishment. \n\nLiu Honghui, a Beijing lawyer specializing in online cases, said he welcomed the government's action to curb online rumors. \n\n\"Residents used online banks to shop or book flights, which needs a safe platform without fake information,\" he said. \n\nYu Guofu, another lawyer from Sheng Feng Law Firm, said the key to reducing rumors is netizens themselves. \n\n\"If micro-bloggers think twice before forwarding information, rumors will decrease.\"", "question": "What government body is the Telecommunications Administration a part of?", "context": "The Telecommunications Administration is part of the Ministry Of Industry And Information Technology.", "based_on_pattern": "(Telecommunications Administration)-[PART_OF]->(Ministry Of Industry And Information Technology)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0850", "coqa_story": "Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. \n\nThe report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems. \n\nBut even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. \n\nAlong with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030. \n\nRoger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was \"a methodological embarrassment\" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that \"climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.\" But the report, he said, \"will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed .\" \n\nHowever, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. \n\nIn a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.", "question": "What organization is he affiliated with?", "context": "Roger Pielke Jr. is affiliated with University Of Colorado, Boulder. Soren Andreasen is affiliated with Dalberg Global Development Partners.", "based_on_pattern": "(Roger Pielke Jr.)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Colorado, Boulder) || (Soren Andreasen)-[affiliated with]->(Dalberg Global Development Partners)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0851", "coqa_story": "Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York in 1905 as a weekly; in 1933 it added Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry; in 1998 it brought out Daily Variety Gotham, based in New York. Variety.com features breaking entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and more, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19, 2013. \"Variety\" originally reported on theater and vaudeville. \n\n\"Variety\" has been published since December 16, 1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City. \n\nOn January 19, 1907, \"Variety\" published what is considered the first film review in history. \n\nIn 1933, Sime Silverman launched \"Daily Variety\", based in Hollywood. \n\nSime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the \"Weekly Variety\" to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931; he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman (1901\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1950), known as \"Skigie\", succeeded him as publisher of both publications. Both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon (1905\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1942), died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman (1932-2017), was the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syd's legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956. After that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the \"Weekly Variety\" in New York and the \"Daily Variety\" in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L.A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988.", "question": "Which corporation owns the publication Variety?", "context": "The publication Variety is owned by Penske Media Corporation.", "based_on_pattern": "(Variety)-[OWNED_BY]->(Penske Media Corporation)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0852", "coqa_story": "IGN (formerly Imagine Games Network) is an American video game and entertainment media company operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis and wholly owned by j2 Global. The company is located in San Francisco's SOMA district in California, United States, and is headed by its former editor-in-chief, Peer Schneider. The IGN website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29, 1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, and other media. Originally a network of desktop websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the Xbox and PlayStation, FireTV, Roku, and via YouTube, Twitch, Hulu, and Snapchat. \n\nOriginally, IGN was the flagship property of the parent company IGN Entertainment, which owned and operated several other websites oriented towards players' interests, games, and entertainment, such as Rotten Tomatoes, GameSpy, \"GameStats\", \"VE3D\", TeamXbox, Vault Network, FilePlanet, and AskMen, among others. IGN was sold to publishing company Ziff Davis in February 2013 and now operates as a J2 Global subsidiary. \n\nCreated in September 1996 as the \"Imagine Games Network\", the IGN content network was founded by publishing executive Jonathan Simpson-Bint and began as five individual websites within Imagine Media: N64.com (later renamed ign64.com), PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation.com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating an affiliate network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation.com, Sega-Saturn.com, Game Sages, and GameFAQs. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system \"channels\" under the IGN brand. The homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation; U.G.P.O. dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put \"on hold\" when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand.", "question": "What is it a subsidiary of?", "context": "Ign Entertainment Inc. is a subsidiary of Ziff Davis. Ign is a subsidiary of J2 Global.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ign Entertainment Inc.)-[subsidiary of]->(Ziff Davis) || (Ign)-[subsidiary of]->(J2 Global)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0853", "coqa_story": "We're unleashing the five most popular songs in the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, for the week ending November 15, 2014. We don't get any new songs this week...but things do get shaken up a bit. It all starts in fifth place, where Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj dip a notch with \"Bang Bang.\" Jessie says she wanted to assemble this lineup for a long time - she says she only met the other two after the song went to number one on iTunes. Jessie also says she wanted to use Nicki five years ago on her debut single, \"Do It Like A Dude.\" Taking over fourth place is Maroon 5 with \"Animals.\" This band has been around for 20 years...but not always under this name. The Los Angeles group formed in 1994 as Kara's Flowers, and released one album under that name in 1997. Four years later the members re-grouped as Maroon 5, and the rest is chart history. Holding in third place is Tove Lo with \"Habits (Stay High).\" Where did that name come from? This Swedish artist's real name is Ebba Tove Elsa Nillson. \"Lo\" is Swedish for lynx - a species of wildcat that Tove says she fell in love with as a little girl. After eight weeks, Meghan Trainor falls off the Hot 100 pedestal: \"All About That Bass\" falls to second place. Last week, she and Miranda Lambert sang this song at the Country Music Association Awards in Nashville, and Meghan kicks off a headlining North American tour next February in Vancouver, Canada. Taylor Swift re-takes the Hot 100 title, with \"Shake It Off\" - giving her three total weeks at the top - but that's only the beginning of her phenomenal week. Taylor's 1989 album just opened at number one by selling 1.2 million domestic copies. That's the largest sales week since The Eminem Show sold 1.3 million copies, way back in 2002. That's a wrap for this week, but as you know, the chart is always changing. Come back in seven days for an all-new lineup.", "question": "What is known about its formation?", "context": "Kara'S Flowers was formed in 1994. Maroon 5 was formed in Los Angeles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kara'S Flowers)-[formed in]->(1994) || (Maroon 5)-[formed in]->(Los Angeles)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0854", "coqa_story": "As Michael put each finger on the white laces of the football like his dad had shown him he thought about his school trip to the zoo tomorrow. He could not wait to get to the zoo and most of all could not wait to see his favorite animal, the lion. Aiming the football at the tire swing that hung in his back yard, he remembered the second thing his dad had taught him about throwing a football which was making sure his shoulder and the football were in a straight line before he threw it. He watched the football sail toward the tire, right as his mom called him in for dinner. His mom had made his favorite food, hotdogs. He sat in the kitchen and watched as ketchup fell on to his plate as he ate his hotdog. His mom told him that in order to get his after dinner treat he would have to eat his corn, carrots, and drink all of his milk too. \n\nThat night as his mom tucked him in to bed he starred out the window and wondered if the lions at the zoo were looking up at the moon too. Michael, wondered if his best friends Joe, Nick, and Ryan were as excited as he was about going to the zoo the next day. He closed his eyes and went to sleep. \n\nThe next day he hopped from one foot to the other as his class lined up to get on the bus that would take him to the zoo. On the bus he sat with Ryan. The bus driver started the engine and turned the big steering wheel leading them out on to the road. Finally, at the zoo Michael began to imagine how cool it would be to finally get to see the lion cage. First his class went to see the monkeys and then headed over to see the long necked giraffes. As their teacher announced that they would then be going to see the elephants, we wondered if he would ever get to see the lions. Finally after learning about the elephants it was time to see the lions. The lion stood on a huge rock and swung its long tail from side to side. The lion licked his lips with its long pink tongue and Michael wondered if it was thinking about having a class full of kids for its lunch.", "question": "What is Michael's favorite food?", "context": "Michael's favorite food is hotdogs.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael)-[FAVORITE_FOOD_IS]->(Hotdogs)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0855", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "While variables in Elementary Algebra typically represent numbers, what specific type of values do variables represent in Boolean Algebra?", "context": "In Boolean Algebra, variables represent Truth Values.", "based_on_pattern": "(Boolean Algebra)-[HAS_VARIABLE_VALUE]->(Truth Values)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0856", "coqa_story": "Hubert Joseph Schlafly was an electrical engineer who helped change the way actors, politicians and other people speak on television. In 1950, he and two other men developed the teleprompter. One co-worker, Fred Barton, was an actor. He had an idea for a tool that would help television actors read their lines without having to memorize them. The other co-worker was Irving Kahn. He worked as vice-president of radio and television at 20thCentury Fox. \n\nThe first teleprompter involved a person who held a long piece of paper printed with big letters. As the actor read the lines, another person would move the paper ahead on the device . The teleprompter was first used on a television program called \"The First Hundred Years.\" Later versions used television screens to show the words that were to be read. \n\nHub Schlafly and his co-workers believed that many companies would want to buy the teleprompter. So, they left their jobs and created the TelePrompTer Corporation to sell their invention. \n\nIn 1952, former President Herbert Hoover became the first politician to use a teleprompter. The former president was speaking at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, USA. For a brief time, he stopped reading and began to talk about a subject not written in his speech. When Hoover wanted to continue the speech, the words on the teleprompter were not moving. He then said the machine should be restarted and viewers became aware of the new invention. Many reporters wrote about that incident, creating a new level of publicity for the teleprompter. \n\nSoon more and more politicians started to use it to face the television camera while reading prepared statements, instead of looking down at their notes. Then the device was used for almost all live television broadcasts.", "question": "Which company, founded by Irving Kahn, was known for selling the Teleprompter?", "context": "The Teleprompter Corporation, founded by Irving Kahn, sold the Teleprompter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Irving Kahn)-[FOUNDED]->(Teleprompter Corporation) and (Teleprompter Corporation)-[SOLD]->(Teleprompter)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0857", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Net speak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cell phones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Net speak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Net speak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nurnberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messages, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Net speakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Net speak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\".", "question": "Which university is he affiliated with?", "context": "David Crystal is affiliated with University Of Wales. Geoffrey Nurnberg is affiliated with Stanford University.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Crystal)-[affiliated with]->(University Of Wales) || (Geoffrey Nurnberg)-[affiliated with]->(Stanford University)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0858", "coqa_story": "The discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.[: \n\nA Chinese-US research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in south China's Cuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2001. \n\nThe six fossils unearthed in Jinyin Cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an influential US journal. \n\nJin Changzhu, of the chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and lead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than today's pandas. \n\nResearchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked ,and then gradually became smaller. \n\nJin, a paleontologist at the Institute of Vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology attached to the CAS, said the size _ was a basic rule of evolution. \n\n\"A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,\" he said. \n\nThe dental remains of the skull, which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to today's pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch mountains of bamboo. A panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day. \n\nPaleoanthropologist Russell Ciochon, the US co-author at the University of lowa, said the panda's focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years. \n\n\"Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,\" he said. \"As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators due to their larger body size.\"", "question": "The Institute Of Vertebrate Paleontology And Paleoanthropology is part of which larger scientific organization?", "context": "The Institute Of Vertebrate Paleontology And Paleoanthropology is part of the Chinese Academy Of Sciences.", "based_on_pattern": "(Institute Of Vertebrate Paleontology And Paleoanthropology)-[PART_OF]->(Chinese Academy Of Sciences)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0859", "coqa_story": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "question": "The state of Jharkhand was formed from which other Indian state?", "context": "The state of Jharkhand was formed from Bihar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jharkhand)-[FORMED_FROM]->(Bihar)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0860", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "What did Rose Harcourt's husband give as a wedding gift?", "context": "Rose Harcourt's husband gave a gold bracelet as a wedding gift.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rose Harcourt'S Husband)-[GAVE_AS_WEDDING_GIFT]->(Gold Bracelet)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0861", "coqa_story": "Today we bring you an old tale. It's the story of the three little pigs and the big bad wolf that blew down a house made of straw and one made of sticks. The only house left standing was the one made of bricks. Now there is new evidence to suggest that houses built with bales of straw can be very strong. They are also very environmental. \n\nPete Walker is a professor at the University of Bath in Britain. He and a team of researchers there have built a house made out of straw bales and hemp material. During the next twelve months the team will study the effectiveness of these materials in home building. Professor Walker says there are many good reasons for using straw. \n\nProfessor Walker: \"One of the benefits is it's a relatively inexpensive renewable material that's readily available.\" He also agrees that straw takes in carbon dioxide as it grows and helps the environment in other ways. So it can be seen as having no harmful effects on the environment. \n\nProfessor Walker: \"The straw bale walls are relatively thick and so all that straw provides very good thermal insulation. So we make buildings that require very little heating in the winter or indeed very little cooling in the summer. So they require very little additional energy.\" \n\nProfessor Walker says this reduces home operating expenses. It also reduces the effect on the environment. He says the current interest in straw bale houses is a direct response to the problem of climate change. \n\nDavid Lanfear owns an eco-friendly home building service in the United States called Bale on Bale Construction. He says he laughed when some friends first told him about houses built of straw. But after doing his own research, he learned that building with straw bales made a lot of sense. He has now helped to build more than ten straw bale houses and says the building material is becoming more widely accepted. \n\nTo build the houses, he fills a wood frame with tightly packed bales of straw. Next he coats the walls inside and out with layers of clay plaster. He says the common ideas about straw houses continue, including stories about the threat of fire. Mr. Lanfear says straw bale houses have done well when tested for fire resistance. And he says his builders use the same building methods as traditional builders to keep out rain. \n\nDavid Lanfear: \"We use what we call good shoes and a good hat, and that would be a solid foundation and a really good roof.\"", "question": "What material does David Lanfear use for building?", "context": "David Lanfear builds with Straw Bales.", "based_on_pattern": "(David Lanfear)-[BUILDS_WITH]->(Straw Bales)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0862", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXIV. THE INTERRUPTED MASS \n\nThe morning of that Wednesday of Corpus Christi, fateful to all concerned in this chronicle, dawned misty and grey, and the air was chilled by the wind that blew from the sea. The chapel bell tinkled out its summons, and the garrison trooped faithfully to Mass. \n\nPresently came Monna Valentina, followed by her ladies, her pages, and lastly, Peppe, wearing under his thin mask of piety an air of eager anxiety and unrest. Valentina was very pale, and round her eyes there were dark circles that told of sleeplessness, and as she bowed her head in prayer, her ladies observed that tears were falling on the illuminated Mass-book over which she bent. And now came Fra Domenico from the sacristy in the white chasuble that the Church ordains for the Corpus Christi feast, followed by a page in a clerkly gown of black, and the Mass commenced. \n\nThere were absent only from the gathering Gonzaga and Fortemani, besides a sentry and the three prisoners. Francesco and his two followers. \n\nGonzaga had presented himself to Valentina with the plausible tale that, as the events of which Fanfulla's letter had given them knowledge might lead Gian Maria at any moment to desperate measures, it might be well that he should reinforce the single man-at-arms patrolling the walls. Valentina, little recking now whether the castle held or fell, and still less such trifles as Gonzaga's attendance at Mass, had assented without heeding the import of what he said. \n\nAnd so, his face drawn and his body quivering with the excitement of what he was about to do, Gonzaga had repaired to the ramparts so soon as he had seen them all safely into chapel. The sentinel was that same clerkly youth Aventano, who had read to the soldiers that letter Gian Maria had sent Gonzaga. This the courtier accepted as a good omen. If a man there was among the soldiery at Roccaleone with whom he deemed that he had an account to settle, that man was Aventano. ", "question": "With whom does Gonzaga have a conflict?", "context": "Gonzaga has a conflict with Aventano.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gonzaga)-[HAS_CONFLICT_WITH]->(Aventano)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0863", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "What subject did Pete Singer write books about?", "context": "Pete Singer wrote books on the subject of the military.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pete Singer)-[WROTE_BOOKS_ON]->(Military)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0864", "coqa_story": "NEW YORK (CNN) -- An oil painting was returned Tuesday to the estate of a Jewish art dealer who was forced to consign the painting and other artwork under Nazi Germany before fleeing the country. \n\n\"Portrait of a Musician Playing a Bagpipe\" was done in 1632 by an unknown artist. \n\nThe painting, \"Portrait of a Musician Playing a Bagpipe,\" was done in 1632 by an unknown painter from the Northern Netherlandish school, according to a statement from the U.S. attorney's office in southern New York. \n\nIt was owned by Max Stern, an art dealer who had a gallery in Dusseldorf, Germany, until 1937, when the Nazis' Reich Chamber for Fine Arts ordered him to liquidate the gallery and its inventory, the statement said. \n\nStern, who died in 1987, left no heirs. He and his wife had founded the Max Stern Art Restitution Project, which directly benefits Concordia University and McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and Hebrew University in Jerusalem, according to a statement from U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement. \n\nThe painting was returned Tuesday -- Holocaust Remembrance Day -- to Clarence Epstein of Concordia University on behalf of the executors of the estate, said Lou Martinez of the immigration agency. \n\nIt was returned in a ceremony at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York, he said. \n\nThe painting had been owned by Philip Mould Ltd., a London, England, gallery, when Lawrence Steigrad, a New York art dealer, bought it in 2008, the New York attorney's office said. \n\nNeither had any idea of the painting's past. Philip Mould Ltd. had purchased the painting the year before from Lempertz Auction House. The same auction house sold the painting in 1937 after Stern was forced to liquidate, without receiving any proceeds from the sale, the New York attorney's office said. ", "question": "What entity was responsible for forcing Max Stern to flee his home?", "context": "Max Stern was forced to flee by Nazi Germany.", "based_on_pattern": "(Max Stern)-[FORCED_TO_FLEE_BY]->(Nazi Germany)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0865", "coqa_story": "The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik M\u00c3\u00bclhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. \n\nWith the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.", "question": "What did it become a part of?", "context": "Mulhouse became part of Alsace. Alsace became part of the Kingdom Of Austrasia.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mulhouse)-[became part of]->(Alsace) || (Alsace)-[became part of]->(Kingdom Of Austrasia)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0866", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Steve Koenig works for Consumer Electronics Association. Brian Tong works for Cnet.Com. Elman Chacon works for Best Buy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steve Koenig)-[works for]->(Consumer Electronics Association) || (Brian Tong)-[works for]->(Cnet.Com) || (Elman Chacon)-[works for]->(Best Buy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0867", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "What did they find?", "context": "Robert Bentley found the Wedding Ring. The Manager found the False Teeth. Rose Harcourt found the Gold Bracelet.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robert Bentley)-[found]->(Wedding Ring) || (Manager)-[found]->(False Teeth) || (Rose Harcourt)-[found]->(Gold Bracelet)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0868", "coqa_story": "John and Booby joined a wholesale company together just after graduation from college the same year. Both worked very hard. After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to the position of manager but John remained an ordinary employee . John could not take it any more, so he sent his resignation and complained that the boss did not value hard working workers but only promoted those who said good words of him. \n\nThe boss knew that John worked very hard for the years. He thought for a moment and said, \"Thank you for telling me, but I have a request. I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you will change your mind and take back your resignation.\" \n\nJohn agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelons in the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelons. The boss asked how much per kg, John shook his head and went back to the market to ask and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kg. \n\nThe boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market. Bobby went, returned and said only one person sold watermelons. $1.2 for a kg, $10 for 10kg and his watermelons added up to 340. On the table 58 melons, every melon weighs about 2 kg, bought from the south two days ago and they were fresh, red and good quality. \n\nJohn was surprised and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to go away but to learn from Bobby. \n\nThe story tells us that a more successful person is more concerned and thinks more. Chances are there in the daily details. For the same thing, a person sees one year ahead, while another sees only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, how could you win?", "question": "What position does he have?", "context": "John has the position Ordinary Employee. Bobby has the position Manager.", "based_on_pattern": "(John)-[has position]->(Ordinary Employee) || (Bobby)-[has position]->(Manager)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0869", "coqa_story": "Gone with the Wind is a novel written by Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. It was popular with American readers from the onset and was the top American fiction bestseller in the year it was published and in 1937 on the row. As of 2014, a Harris poll found it to be the second favorite book of American readers, just behind the Bible. More than 30 million copies have been printed worldwide. The sales of Margaret Mitchell's novel in the summer of 1936, at the virtually unprecedented price of three dollars, reached about one million by the end of December. Because it was released in the era of the Great Depression and Mitchell worried the high $3.00 price would ruin its chance for success. Actually the book was a bestseller by the time reviews began to appear in national magazines. \n\nHerschel Brickell, a critic for the New York Evening Post, praised Mitchell for the way she \"tosses out the window all the thousands of technical tricks our novelists have been playing with for the past twenty years.\" \n\nOne criticism by literary scholar Patricia Yaeger, leveled at Gone with the Wind, is for its portrayal of African Americans in the 19th century South. Former field hands during the early days of Reconstruction are described behaving \"as creatures of small intelligence might naturally be expected to do. Like monkeys or small children turned loose among treasured objects whose value is beyond their comprehension, they ran wild~either from wrong pleasure in destruction or simply because of their ignorance.\" In Gone with the Wind Mitchell is blind to racial oppression and 'the inseparability of race and gender\" that defines the southern belle character of Scarlett, according to Patricia Yaeger. \n\nYet there are complexities in the way that Mitchell dealt with racial issues. Scarlett was asked by a Yankee woman for advice on who to appoint as a nurse for her children; Scarlett suggested a \"darky\", much to the disgust of the Yankee woman who was seeking an Irish maid, a \"Bridget\". African Americans and Irish Americans are treated \"in precisely the same way\" in Gone with the Wind, writes David O'Connell in his 1996 book, The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchells Gone with the Wind. Ethnic slurs on the Irish and Irish stereotypes spread in every part of the novel, O'Connell claims, and Scarlett is not an exception to the insults. And apparently in the novel, the Irish American O'Haras were slaveholders whereas African Americans were held as slaves. \n\nSpeaking on the subject of whether Gone with the Wind should be taught in schools, James Loewen, author of Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, says the novel should be taught in schools. Students should be told that Gone with the Wind presents the wrong view of slavery, Loewen states. Besides, the main complaint was that the racial slur \"nigger\" appears repeatedly in the novel. In the same complaint were several other books: The Nigger of the 'Narcissus', Uncle Tom's Cabin, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. \n\nAnother criticism of the novel is that it promotes plantation values. Mitchell biographer Marianne Walker, author of Margaret Mitchell & John Marsh: The Love Story Behind Gone with the Wind, is of the opinion that those who believe Gone with the Wind promotes plantation values have not read the book. Walker states it is the popular 1939 film that \"promotes a false notion of the Old South\". She goes on to add that Mitchell had no involvement in the production of the film. Perhaps the most enduring legacy of Gone with the Wind is that people worldwide would incorrectly think it was the true story of the Old South and how it was changed by the American Civil War and Reconstruction. The film version of the novel \"amplified this effect\". Scholars of the period have written in recent years about the negative effects the novel has had on race relations.", "question": "What subject does the novel 'Gone With The Wind' present a wrong view of?", "context": "The novel 'Gone With The Wind' presents a wrong view of slavery.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gone With The Wind)-[PRESENTS_WRONG_VIEW_OF]->(Slavery)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0870", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Last Saturday, Sarah Palin stood before the huge crowd at the 2014 National Rifle Association annual meeting and condemned liberals for coddling terrorists. She loaded her speech with religious metaphors, claiming that true leaders would put \"the fear of God in our enemies.\" She said, \"They obviously have information on plots to carry out jihad. Oh, but you can't offend them, can't make them feel uncomfortable, not even a smidgen. Well, if I were in charge, they would know that waterboarding is how we baptize terrorists.\" \n\nPalin's invocation of forced baptism shocked both conservatives and liberals, inspiring few defenders. Christian commentators, in particular, focused on her link between torture and baptism. \n\nOn Wednesday, the National Religious Campaign against Torture released a powerful condemnation of the speech. To Palin, the organization's executive director wrote, \"Your statements play into a false narrative conveying that somehow, the conflict between the United States and the terrorist cells is a conflict between Christianity and Islam, or Islam and 'the West.' \" \n\nThe group's letter to the NRA, signed by 17 faith leaders from many different religions and denominations, reads, \"For Christians, baptism is a profoundly holy act. It is in stark contrast to the abhorrent act of waterboarding. Equating baptism to an act of torture like waterboarding is sacrilegious -- and particularly surprising coming from a person who prides herself on her Christian faith.\" \n\nBut it's not actually all that surprising. Palin's public rhetoric relies on crafting existential binaries between \"us\" and \"them,\" creating a kind of sacred empowered victimhood among her listeners. She draws from the language of militant Christianity to claim the status of both persecutor and persecuted. This is not an accident, and I do not believe she will repudiate her remarks. ", "question": "Whose speech was condemned by the National Religious Campaign Against Torture?", "context": "The National Religious Campaign Against Torture condemned the speech of Sarah Palin.", "based_on_pattern": "(National Religious Campaign Against Torture)-[CONDEMNED_SPEECH_OF]->(Sarah Palin)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0871", "coqa_story": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u00e2\u20ac\u201c or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "question": "Who was the Wolff news agency founded by?", "context": "The Wolff news agency was founded by Former Havas Employees.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wolff)-[FOUNDED_BY]->(Former Havas Employees)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0872", "coqa_story": "EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., the third largest private company in Birmingham, Alabama, with annual sales of nearly $2 billion according to the BBJ's 2013 Book of Lists. EBSCO offers library resources to customers in academic, medical, K\u00e2\u20ac\u201c12, public library, law, corporate, and government markets. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines. \n\nEBSCO Information Services is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a family owned company since 1944. \"EBSCO\" is an acronym for Elton B. Stephens Co. According to \"Forbes Magazine\", EBSCO is one of the largest privately held companies in Alabama and one of the top 200 in the United States, based on revenues and employee numbers. Sales surpassed $1\u00c2\u00a0billion in 1997 and exceeded $2\u00c2\u00a0billion in 2006. \n\nEBSCO Industries is a diverse company which includes over 40 businesses. EBSCO Publishing was established in 1984 as a print publication called \"Popular Magazine Review\", featuring article abstracts from more than 300 magazines. In 1987 the company was purchased by EBSCO Industries and its name was changed to EBSCO Publishing. It employed around 750 people by 2007. In 2003 it acquired Whitston Publishing, another database provider. In 2010 EBSCO purchased NetLibrary and in 2011, EBSCO Publishing took over H. W. Wilson Company. It merged with EBSCO Information Services on July 1, 2013. The merged business operates as EBSCO Information Services. , the President is Tim Collins.", "question": "What year was it purchased in?", "context": "Ebsco Publishing was purchased in 1987. Ebsco Industries Inc. was purchased in 2010.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ebsco Publishing)-[purchased in]->(1987) || (Ebsco Industries Inc.)-[purchased in]->(2010)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0873", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER VII \n\nAs Eustace was returning, his attention was caught by repeated groans, which proceeded from a wretched little hovel almost level with the earth. \"Hark!\" said he to Ingram, a tall stout man-at-arms from the Lynwood estate. \"Didst thou not hear a groaning?\" \n\n\"Some of the Castilians, Sir. To think that the brutes should be content to live in holes not fit for swine!\" \n\n\"But methought it was an English tongue. Listen, John!\" \n\nAnd in truth English ejaculations mingled with the moans: \"To St. Joseph of Glastonbury, a shrine of silver! Blessed Lady of Taunton, a silver candlestick! Oh! St. Dunstan!\" \n\nEustace doubted no longer; and stooping down and entering the hut, he beheld, as well as the darkness would allow him, Leonard Ashton himself, stretched on some mouldy rushes, and so much altered, that he could scarcely have been recognized as the sturdy, ruddy youth who had quitted the Lances of Lynwood but five weeks before. \n\n\"Eustace! Eustace!\" he exclaimed, as the face of his late companion appeared. \"Can it be you? Have the saints sent you to my succour?\" \n\n\"It is I, myself, Leonard,\" replied Eustace; \"and I hope to aid you. How is it--\" \n\n\"Let me feel your hand, that I may be sure you are flesh and blood,\" cried Ashton, raising himself and grasping Eustace's hand between his own, which burnt like fire; then, lowering his voice to a whisper of horror, \"She is a witch!\" \n\n\"Who?\" asked Eustace, making the sign of the cross. \n\nLeonard pointed to a kind of partition which crossed the hut, beyond which Eustace could perceive an old hag-like woman, bending over a cauldron which was placed on the fire. Having made this effort, he sank back, hiding his face with his cloak, and trembling in every limb. A thrill of dismay passed over the Knight, and the giant, John Ingram, stood shaking like an aspen, pale as death, and crossing himself perpetually. \"Oh, take me from this place, Eustace,\" repeated Leonard, \"or I am a dead man, both body and soul!\" ", "question": "Where are they located?", "context": "Leonard Ashton is located in the Hovel. The Old Hag-Like Woman is located in the Hut.", "based_on_pattern": "(Leonard Ashton)-[located in]->(Hovel) || (Old Hag-Like Woman)-[located in]->(Hut)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0874", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "What title was Jaime Escalante known by?", "context": "Jaime Escalante was known as The Best Teacher In America.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jaime Escalante)-[KNOWN_AS]->(The Best Teacher In America)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0875", "coqa_story": "It was near dusk, and Kim Cooper and her husband, Steve, were trucking through northern Kentucky transportation auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company. \"Steve, wake up!\" she shouted. \"There's a truck on fire!\" Inside the burning truck, Ronnie Sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. He'd been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianapolis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. As Ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. The truck's bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush everyone inside the van. \"I figured instead of killing other people, I'd just put the truck in the ditch.\" At the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious. He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire. Steve dashed to Ronnie, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. Ronnie had used his pocket knife to cut himself free from the driver's side seat belt only to get his boot trapped in another one. Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him. He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him. But Ronnie's legs were still burning, so Steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames with it. He'd managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of the truck's 150 gallon fuel tanks exploded. Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. Ronnie spent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth. In February, the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from the Open Road Foundation for rescuing an injured driver. Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero: \"If he hadn't gone into the ditch, he would have hit that van. It was his decision to drive off the road.\" \"I feel pretty good about it,\" says Ronnie. \"A lot of people could have been hurt.\"", "question": "Who is she married to?", "context": "Kim Cooper is married to Steve. Steve is married to Kim Cooper.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kim Cooper)-[is married to]->(Steve) || (Steve)-[is married to]->(Kim Cooper)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0876", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \" \" From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \" is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets.", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Steve Koenig works for Consumer Electronics Association. Elman Chacon works for Best Buy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Steve Koenig)-[works for]->(Consumer Electronics Association) || (Elman Chacon)-[works for]->(Best Buy)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0877", "coqa_story": "First Lady Michelle Obama urged students to visit China at the \"100,000 Strong\" China Study Abroad forum at Howard University in 2011. \n\nPresident Barack Obama announced the \"100,000 Strong\" Initiative during his 2009 visit to China. The program aims to increase and diversify the number of American students studying in China by making studying abroad more affordable. \n\nDuring the event at Howard, Mrs. Obama spoke about the importance of studying abroad, something she never did while in college. \"Studying in countries like China is about so much more than just improving your own prospects in the global market. The fact is that with every friendship you make and every bond of trust you establish you are shaping an image of America projected to the rest of the world,\" she said. \n\nDavid Marzban from Pepperdine University recalled a time when he formed a cross-cultural bond with a complete stranger at a restaurant near Fudan University in Shanghai. He noticed a young chef signaling him to come over. \"He presses the play button on his media player and starts singing 'California Dreaming' and wants me to sing along with him,\" Marzban said. \"At this time I knew a great friendship had started during my first two weeks in China.\" \n\nNicole Baden, a senior communications major at Howard University, recalled how her time in China really helped her master the language. \"You have to experience the culture while learning the language to really master it and to understand why things are how they are compared to your own culture,\" Baden said. \n\nMrs. Obama encouraged students to set aside concept that studying abroad is for rich kids only or for those attending certain schools. In addition, the first lady announced that the Chinese government is giving 10,000 \"Bridge Scholarships\" to cover costs for American students and teachers studying in China. \n\nStudents from several schools attended the forum. 12-year-old Sarah Davis, who studied in China last summer, said she was very excited to hear Michelle Obama talk about the country. \"I love Chinese. Out of all the languages I've learned, Chinese is the most difficult and interesting,\" she said.", "question": "What initiative did Barack Obama announce?", "context": "Barack Obama announced the 100,000 Strong Initiative.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barack Obama)-[ANNOUNCED]->(100,000 Strong Initiative)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0878", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. \n\nTELLS OF DESPAIR AND A WILD PURSUIT. \n\nOn discovering that Nunaga and the children were not at Moss Bay, and that there were no fresh sledge tracks in that region to tell of their whereabouts, Simek drove back to the village at a wild scamper, in a state of mind very much the reverse of jovial. His hope was that the girl might have been to some other locality, and had perhaps returned during his absence; but the first glance at Nuna put that hope to flight, for the poor woman was in a state of terrible anxiety. \n\nCheery little Kunelik and her mild son did their best to comfort her, but without success, for she knew well the determined character of the man who had probably carried off her children. \n\n\"Has she not come back?\" demanded Simek, appearing, like an infuriated Polar bear, at the inside opening of the passage to Okiok's mansion. \n\n\"No,\" gasped Nuna. \n\nSimek said no more, but backed out faster than he had come in. Ippegoo followed him. \n\n\"Run, Ippe; tell all the men to get all their sledges and dogs ready, and come here to me.\" \n\nIppegoo ran off at once, while the energetic hunter rearranged the fastenings of his own sledge and team as if for a long journey. \n\nHe was thus engaged when Okiok and Angut were seen approaching the village at an easy trot. Evidently they knew nothing of what had occurred. Simek ran out to meet them. A few words sufficed to explain. The news seemed to stun both men at first, but the after-effect on each was wonderfully different. The blood rushed to Okiok's face like a torrent. He clenched his hands and teeth, glared and stamped, and went on like one deranged--as indeed for the moment he was. Angut, on the other hand, was perfectly self-possessed and subdued, but his heaving chest, quivering nostrils, compressed lips, and frowning brows told that a volcano of emotion raged within. ", "question": "At which location did Simek appear?", "context": "Simek appeared at Okiok's Mansion.", "based_on_pattern": "(Simek)-[APPEARED_AT]->(Okiok'S Mansion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0879", "coqa_story": "Chapter XVII \n\nThe King's Blood Hound \n\nThe only other event which occurred throughout the winter was the arrival of a fishing boat with a messenger from one of the king's adherents, and the news which he brought filled them with sorrow and dismay. Kildrummy had been threatened with a siege, and the queen, Bruce's sisters Christine and Mary, his daughter Marjory, and the other ladies accompanying them, deemed it prudent to leave the castle and take refuge in the sanctuary of St. Duthoc, in Ross shire. \n\nThe sanctuary was violated by the Earl of Ross and his followers, and the ladies and their escort delivered up to Edward's lieutenants and sent to England. The knights and squires who formed the escort were all executed, and the ladies committed to various places of confinement, where most of them remained in captivity of the strictest and most rigorous kind until after the battle of Bannockburn, eight years later. The Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Bruce at Scone, and who was one of the party captured at St. Duthoc, received even fouler treatment, by Edward's especial orders, being placed in a cage on one of the turrets of Berwick Castle so constructed that she could be seen by all who passed; and in this cruel imprisonment she was kept like a wild beast for seven long years by a Christian king whom his admirers love to hold up as a model of chivalry. \n\nKildrummy had been besieged and taken by treachery. The king's brother, Nigel Bruce, was carried to Berwick, and was there hanged and beheaded. Christopher Seaton and his brother Alexander, the Earl of Athole, Sir Simon Fraser, Sir Herbert de Moreham, Sir David Inchmartin, Sir John Somerville, Sir Walter Logan, and many other Scotchmen of noble degree, had also been captured and executed, their only offence being that they had fought for their country. ", "question": "Until what event did Christine remain in captivity?", "context": "Christine remained in captivity until the Battle Of Bannockburn.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christine)-[REMAINED_IN_CAPTIVITY_UNTIL]->(Battle Of Bannockburn)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0880", "coqa_story": "Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, has died at the age of 82. Many people paid tribute to the former astronaut. But other people feel regret that no human has been back to the moon since 1972, just three years after Armstrong landed on it and gave his famous \"giant leap for mankind\" speech. \n\nElliot Pulham, Chief Executive of the Space Foundation, thinks that America's space agency NASA should get more money, like in the 1960s, during the moon landings programme, when astronauts went to the moon. \"In this age of limited goals and tiny NASA budgets, Armstrong is a reminder of what our nation was once capable of,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong died because of heart problems after surgery. His recovery seemed to be going well, and his death was a surprise to many people. His family described him as a \"reluctant American hero\" and said: \"Honour his example of service, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.\" \n\nSpeaking from the White House, Barack Obama said Armstrong was \"among the greatest of \n\nAmerican heroes - not just of his time, but of all time\". He added: \"And when Neil stepped on the \n\nmoon for the first time, it was a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten.\" \n\nBuzz Aldrin flew with Armstrong on Apollo 11. He was the second man to walk on the moon. He said he was very sad at the death of his good friend and companion. \n\n\"When I look at the moon I remember that special moment, over forty years ago, when Neil and I stood on the moon,\" he said. \"Looking back at our brilliant blue planet Earth hanging in the darkness of space, I realized that even though we were farther away from Earth than two humans \n\nhad ever been, we were not alone. Almost the entire world took that memorable journey with us. I know many millions of people around the world will join me in mourning the death of a true \n\nAmerican hero and the best pilot I ever knew. My friend Neil took the small step but giant leap that changed the world and will always be remembered as a historic moment in human history.\" \n\nIn the US, people felt that he represented the achievement of a past age of American greatness. Today, things are very different: NASA has cancelled a number of missions because they don't have enough money. \n\nFormer astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last man on the moon, said: \"Neil did something that people thought was impossible.\" Others complained about the state of the US. Journalist Andrew Pasternak wrote: \"It will take longer to rebuild lower Manhattan after 9/11 than it took to build an entire space program and send a man to the moon.\" \n\nOf course, NASA has its modern successes. Its engineers have landed a nuclear-powered robot on Mars. There will also be another Mars mission. It will drill below the planet's surface. But these achievements are not as exciting as Armstrong's. NASA administrator Charles Bolden expressed that in his tribute. \"As we enter this next era of space exploration, we are standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong,\" he said. \n\nArmstrong was disappointed by what NASA has become. Blogger Eric Berger saw an email from Armstrong and other former astronauts. It expressed frustration at the current problems at NASA and quoted Yogi Berra, an American baseball legend: \"If you don't know where you are \n\ngoing, you might not get there.\"", "question": "What was he?", "context": "Neil Armstrong was a Astronaut. Yogi Berra was a American Baseball Legend.", "based_on_pattern": "(Neil Armstrong)-[was a]->(Astronaut) || (Yogi Berra)-[was a]->(American Baseball Legend)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0881", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Which company manufactures the Google Nexus 7?", "context": "Google is the manufacturer of the Google Nexus 7.", "based_on_pattern": "(Google Nexus 7)-[MANUFACTURER_OF]->(Google)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0882", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER 34 \n\nMrs. John Dashwood had so much confidence in her husband's judgment, that she waited the very next day both on Mrs. Jennings and her daughter; and her confidence was rewarded by finding even the former, even the woman with whom her sisters were staying, by no means unworthy her notice; and as for Lady Middleton, she found her one of the most charming women in the world! \n\nLady Middleton was equally pleased with Mrs. Dashwood. There was a kind of cold hearted selfishness on both sides, which mutually attracted them; and they sympathised with each other in an insipid propriety of demeanor, and a general want of understanding. \n\nThe same manners, however, which recommended Mrs. John Dashwood to the good opinion of Lady Middleton did not suit the fancy of Mrs. Jennings, and to HER she appeared nothing more than a little proud-looking woman of uncordial address, who met her husband's sisters without any affection, and almost without having anything to say to them; for of the quarter of an hour bestowed on Berkeley Street, she sat at least seven minutes and a half in silence. \n\nElinor wanted very much to know, though she did not chuse to ask, whether Edward was then in town; but nothing would have induced Fanny voluntarily to mention his name before her, till able to tell her that his marriage with Miss Morton was resolved on, or till her husband's expectations on Colonel Brandon were answered; because she believed them still so very much attached to each other, that they could not be too sedulously divided in word and deed on every occasion. The intelligence however, which SHE would not give, soon flowed from another quarter. Lucy came very shortly to claim Elinor's compassion on being unable to see Edward, though he had arrived in town with Mr. and Mrs. Dashwood. He dared not come to Bartlett's Buildings for fear of detection, and though their mutual impatience to meet, was not to be told, they could do nothing at present but write. ", "question": "Who does Mrs. John Dashwood believe is attached to Edward?", "context": "Mrs. John Dashwood believes Elinor is attached to Edward.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. John Dashwood)-[BELIEVES_ATTACHED_TO_EDWARD]->(Elinor)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0883", "coqa_story": "As kids spend more time online chatting with friends or researching homework, parents are questioning how the Internet is affecting children's lives, a recent study shows. \n\nFrom 2006 to 2007, the number of parents who think the Internet beneficial to their children declined, according to the study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project. But parents don' t see it as a bad influence, either. \n\nAmanda Lenhart, a senior researcher said, \"Technology is not so magic as to make your child get straight A and improve all aspects of your life. As you grow to know it, you realize its power and disadvantages.\" \n\nBut as with the emergence of television in American homes in the 1950s and 1960s, the Internet continues to cause strong reactions from parents. \n\n\"There's too much garbage online for kids,\" said Patrick Thomas as he picked up his 15-year-old son from school. \"It's like a kid walking down the street. He's got to watch out. He never knows who he might come across.\" \n\nThomas used to have Internet service at home but got rid of it a year ago because he was worried about viruses infecting his computer and strangers taking advantage of his son Zachary. He has purchased a series of educational software to help him with his schoolwork. \n\n\"It was a great place to explore, and the information you gathered was great,\" Zachary said. \"Now it's dangerous.\" But Zachary Thomas still sees benefits from going online and says he can do it at the library or at school. \"It can be a good thing for kids,\" Zachary said. But he wasn't upset when his father pulled the plug . \n\nZachary's attitude to the Internet is in line with the study's findings, confirming that teens, who have never known a world without online access, generally have a more positive view of the Internet than their parents. \n\nMore parents are getting online themselves, making them know about their children's online activities, Lenhart said. \n\nBut that doesn't mean they understand everything. It also doesn't mean they needn't monitor the websites their children visit or set limits on the amount of time they spend online. \n\n\"I'm still trying to figure out the role of it,\" said John Horgan, whose daughters are 11, 12 and 15. \"If their grades were to go down, that would be it.\" \n\nThe majority of parents surveyed by the Pew Internet & American Life Project said the Internet is a positive influence in their children's lives.", "question": "According to the Pew Internet & American Life Project, who was surveyed about the internet's impact?", "context": "The Pew Internet & American Life Project surveyed parents.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pew Internet & American Life Project)-[SURVEYED]->(Parents)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0884", "coqa_story": "As weather cools across the United States, a growing number of Americans visit farms. They harvest fruits, enjoy hay wagon rides and walk in the fields. These people are called \"agri-tourists.\" They improve the economy of rural areas and help farmers increase their profits. \n\nSchool children are walking in a corn field _ . The corn is cut into tricky passageways that make it difficult to find a way out. The children are from Yorktown Elementary School in Bowie Maryland. They have traveled to Montpelier Farms in Prince George's County which is also in Maryland. The farm is about 40 kilometers from The White House. \n\nDebbie Pierson is the student's teacher. \"We go on these kind of field trips so that the children will have a hands-on experience of what it's like to be on a farm,\" Pierson said. \n\nIn Loudoun County Virginia, there are farms where grapes are grown for use in making wine. Many of the farms let people visit, and drink the wine that is made there. Bill Hatch owns the Zephaniah Farm Vineyard. He holds wine tastings in his home. \"We are doubling the number of visitors to our farm every year. We have an average of 250 people on a weekend,\" Hatch said. \n\nAs more people visit farms, more farmers are adding activities in which visitors can take part. \n\nMalcolm Baldwin owns WeatherLea Farm and Vineyard in Loudoun County. Six years ago, he began letting people be married at his farm. They can also sleep at the farm overnight. Mr. Baldwin says the money he makes from these activities let him keep his small farm operating. \"But without the animals, and without the vines, the wedding business wouldn't be as profitable , because people like to see the vines. They like to see the animals and without which I don't think this will be a popular place,\" Baldwin said.", "question": "What does he own?", "context": "Bill Hatch owns Zephaniah Farm Vineyard. Malcolm Baldwin owns Weatherlea Farm And Vineyard.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bill Hatch)-[owns]->(Zephaniah Farm Vineyard) || (Malcolm Baldwin)-[owns]->(Weatherlea Farm And Vineyard)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0885", "coqa_story": "SAN FRANCISCO--A phone app in San Francisco gives information about open parking spots. City officials in San Francisco introduced the app to try to reduce traffic jams in the city, but some say it raises safety concerns. \n\nIn this city, drivers searching for parking spots lead to 30 percent of all downtown jams, city officials think. Now San Francisco has found a solution--a phone app for spot-seekers that displays information about areas with available spaces. The system, introduced last month, relies on wireless sensors fixed in streets and city garages that can tell within seconds if a spot has opened up. \n\nMonique Soltani, a TV reporter, said she and her sister spent 25 minutes on Friday trying to park. \"We were praying to the parking god that we'd find a spot,\" she said. \"If we had the app, we would not have to pray to the parking god.\" But the system could come with serious consequences. \n\nSome people say that drivers searching for parking could end up focusing on their phones, not the road. \"It could be really distracting ,\" said Daniel Simons, a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. \n\nCity officials acknowledge the potential problem. They are urging drivers to pull over before they use the city's iPhone app, or to do so before they leave home. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said safety could actually improve if drivers quickly found a spot instead of circling and getting frustrated. \n\nSan Francisco has put sensors into 7,000 parking spots and 12,250 spots in city garages. If spaces in an area open up, the sensors communicate wirelessly with computers that in turn make the information available to app users within a minute, said Mr. Ford, of the transportation agency. On the app, a map shows which blocks have lots of places (blue) and which are full (red). \n\nMore than 12,000 people have downloaded San Francisco's app, which is available now only for the iPhone but which city officials say they hope to bring to all similar devices. \n\nWhen it is started up, the city's parking app warns drivers not to use the system while in motion. But safety advocates said that might not be sufficient. After all, they say, texting while driving is illegal in California and in many states, but a number of surveys, including one by the Pew Research Center, show that many Americans do it anyway. \n\nElizabeth Stampe, executive director of Walk San Francisco, a pedestrian advocacy group, said she hoped the new parking app would lead to fewer accidents. \n\n\"It's an innovative idea,\" she said. \"The safe way for people to use the device is for them to pull over, which they know they should do. The question is whether they will.\" \n\nBut Ms. Soltani, the TV reporter, said using the app would probably join the group of activities already performed by drivers. \n\n\"We're already looking at Google Maps and Facebook on the phone while we drive,\" she said. \"Aren't we always looking at something on our phone, or changing the radio, or drinking coffee? You're always slightly distracted when you're driving.\"", "question": "What type of organization is Walk San Francisco?", "context": "Walk San Francisco is a Pedestrian Advocacy Group.", "based_on_pattern": "(Walk San Francisco)-[IS_TYPE_OF]->(Pedestrian Advocacy Group)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0886", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "What is a feature that they have?", "context": "Robots have the feature of Synthetic Flesh Faces. Military Robots have the feature of Cameras.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robots)-[feature]->(Synthetic Flesh Faces) || (Military Robots)-[feature]->(Cameras)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0887", "coqa_story": "Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India. It is the 13th-largest state of India, with an area of . The third-largest state of India by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three main distinct regions, these are Magadh, Mithila and Bhojpur. \n\nOn November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. The official languages of the state are Hindi and Urdu. Other languages commonly used within the state include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi, Bajjika, and Angika (Maithili is the only one of these to be officially accepted by the government). \n\nIn ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of Brahmanical learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. There is an ongoing movement in the Maithili speaking region of Bihar for a separate Indian state of Mithila. What will be the capital of the state has yet to be decided however Darbhanga is the most likely candidate. Other potential capitals include Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Madhubani and Begusarai.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Bihar is located in India. Magadha is located in Bihar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bihar)-[located in]->(India) || (Magadha)-[located in]->(Bihar)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0888", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "Who did they interview?", "context": "Caroline Graham interviewed Latoya Jackson. Bryan Monroe interviewed Michael Jackson.", "based_on_pattern": "(Caroline Graham)-[interviewed]->(Latoya Jackson) || (Bryan Monroe)-[interviewed]->(Michael Jackson)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0889", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nTHE EVENING'S ENTERTAINMENT. \n\nSurely if noise was any proof that the audience was satisfied with the performance given by Mopsey's company, then all must have been highly delighted, for such confusion was probably never heard in that house before as when the curtain fell on the first act of this new edition of Shakespeare's plays. The actors were in a perfect whirl of delight, and all save Dickey showed it by dancing and shaking hands, until there was almost as much confusion behind the curtain as in front. \n\nMopsey was so delighted at the success that his gigantic brain conceived a startling idea for the entrance of the ghost, which was neither more nor less than for Ben to crouch under the stage, in the very hole where Johnny had come to grief, and at the proper time to rise up in a ghostly fashion, which must surely be very effective. Ben was disposed to object to this hiding under the flooring, more especially since he would be enveloped in the sheet, and would doubtless be uncomfortably warm; but all his objections were overruled by the author and company, and he gave a very unwilling assent to the proposition. \n\nIn order that the audience might not be kept waiting until their patience was exhausted, or their good-humor began to evaporate, the curtain was raised as soon as the ghost could be tucked away in his hiding-place, and Paul made his first appearance on any stage. Mopsey had explained to him the part which he was to assume, and in a well-thumbed copy of Shakespeare's works belonging to Mrs. Green he had found the lines which Hamlet is supposed to speak after he sees the ghost. These he had committed to memory, although he had little idea of the meaning of them; and when he came upon the stage he addressed the audience as if in them he saw the ghost of his murdered father. ", "question": "Who did he play the role of?", "context": "Paul plays the role of Hamlet. Ben plays the role of the Ghost.", "based_on_pattern": "(Paul)-[plays role of]->(Hamlet) || (Ben)-[plays role of]->(Ghost)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0890", "coqa_story": "New York\u00e2\u20ac\u201doften called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part\u00e2\u20ac\u201dis the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. \n\nSituated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island \u00e2\u20ac\u201c were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.", "question": "How much Gross Metropolitan Product did the Combined Statistical Area generate?", "context": "The Combined Statistical Area generated a Gross Metropolitan Product of US$1.55 trillion.", "based_on_pattern": "(Combined Statistical Area)-[GENERATED_GMP]->(Us$1.55 Trillion)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0891", "coqa_story": "In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on\" said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. \"Too little sleep and more accidents,\" he said. \n\nSadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development. \n\n\"When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. \" Sadeh said. \"Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it's more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. \" \n\nIn earlier studies, Sadeh's team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours. \n\n\"Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious. \n\n\"A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,\" Hunt said. \"And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. \"Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance. \n\n\"This is an important extension of what we already know, \" Hunt said of Sadeh's research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition and exercise to good health. \n\n\"To put it into reality,\" Hunt said, \"parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. \"", "question": "According to the research, what does sleep have long-term effects on?", "context": "Sleep has long-term effects on school performance.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sleep)-[HAS_LONG-TERM_EFFECTS_ON]->(School Performance)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0892", "coqa_story": "Imagine that you are the first person ever to see Hawaii. What would be the first thing you would set foot on? The beach, naturally. There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii. These islands cover 1,600 miles and are about 2,300 miles west of California. Most of them are covered with fine white sand. They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world. Another wonderful thing about the beaches of Hawaii is the water temperature. The year-round average temperature of the water at the famous Waikiki Beach is 230C! The same is true of air temperature. In fact, there are no real seasons in Hawaii. There is a difference of only two or three degrees between the hottest day of summer and the coldest day of winter. That's why the Hawaiians don't have a word for weather in their language. Perhaps the nicest thing about Hawaiian beaches are the waves. The earliest settlers in Hawaii, the Polynesians, quickly learned how much fun it was to ride the waves. They developed a sport which is now very popular on the islands called body surfing. You go out into the ocean, wait for a big wave to come towards you, jump on it, and ride it all the way to the beach. Now imagine once again that you are the first person ever to set foot in Hawaii. What do you think would be the second beautiful thing you would notice? Would it be those strange triangles rising out of the water hundreds and hundreds of meters high? What are those beautiful things? They are volcanoes , of course. These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands. They made the islands at first. Because of them the islands are still growing. The most famous volcano on Hawaii is Mauna Loa. It is the world's most active volcano. It has been erupting for thousands of years. Even when it isn't erupting, smoke comes out of the earth from a thousand little holes. In 1950 Mauna Loa erupted for twenty-three days. That erupting produced the greatest amount of lava in modern history. In 1960 it erupted again. That time it added a kilometer of beach to the island. Because Mauna Loa has erupted so often, it has become the biggest (but not the tallest) mountain in the world. These volcanoes could be dangerous to the population of Hawaii. In fact, Hilo, the second largest city in Hawaii, is built just under Mauna Loa. The volcano could erupt at any time. Most people believe that it will erupt sometime in the next twenty-five years. But the people of Hilo do not seem worried. They live with the danger as part of their lives.", "question": "What is a distinctive characteristic of Hawaii's climate throughout the year?", "context": "A distinctive characteristic of Hawaii is that it has no real seasons.", "based_on_pattern": "(Hawaii)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(No Real Seasons)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0893", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER IX. \n\nCOUSINS. \n\n\"Come in,\" called Beth, answering a knock at her door. \n\nLouise entered, and with a little cry ran forward and caught Beth in her arms, kissing her in greeting. \n\n\"You must be my new cousin--Cousin Elizabeth--and I'm awfully glad to see you at last!\" she said, holding the younger girl a little away, that she might examine her carefully. \n\nBeth did not respond to the caress. She eyed her opponent sharply, for she knew well enough, even in that first moment, that they were engaged in a struggle for supremacy in Aunt Jane's affections, and that in the battles to come no quarter could be asked or expected. \n\nSo they stood at arm's length, facing one another and secretly forming an estimate each of the other's advantages and accomplishments. \n\n\"She's pretty enough, but has no style whatever,\" was Louise's conclusion. \"Neither has she tact nor self-possession, or even a prepossessing manner. She wears her new gown in a dowdy manner and one can read her face easily. There's little danger in this quarter, I'm sure, so I may as well be friends with the poor child.\" \n\nAs for Beth, she saw at once that her \"new cousin\" was older and more experienced in the ways of the world, and therefore liable to prove a dangerous antagonist. Slender and graceful of form, attractive of feature and dainty in manner, Louise must be credited with many advantages; but against these might be weighed her evident insincerity--the volubility and gush that are so often affected to hide one's real nature, and which so shrewd and suspicious a woman as Aunt Jane could not fail to readily detect. Altogether, Beth was not greatly disturbed by her cousin's appearance, and suddenly realizing that they had been staring at one another rather rudely, she said, pleasantly enough: ", "question": "What is another name that Beth is known by?", "context": "Beth is also known as Cousin Elizabeth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Beth)-[ALSO_KNOWN_AS]->(Cousin Elizabeth)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0894", "coqa_story": "CBC Canada , CTV News A group of Canadian kids are spreading a bit of Christmas spirit in Halifax, Nova Scotia, by covering warm clothes around light poles for the city's homeless people to pick up and use. _ was such an unusual sight that locals stopped to take pictures to share on social media . Every year, Tara Atkins-Smith collects warm clothes from her community in order to help the less lucky. This year, since the family was traveling to Halifax with their daughter Jayda and seven of her friends to celebrate her 8thbirthday Tara thought it was the perfect time to teach the chidren a valuable life lesson. The kids spent time handing out coats to the homeless and tied the rest around light poles for others to pick up. Each of the clothes had a tag that read, \"I am not lost. If you are caught in the cold, please take me to keep warm. \" According to Tara, the experience helped the children better understand the difficult situation of homeless people, who have to brave the cold winter on the streets. \"When we got back in the car after an hour on the street, they were all freezing cold and crying for the heater to be on because they were cold , \" she said. By next morning, all the jackets, gloves, and scarves on the poles were gone. Photos of the inspriring project have been shared about 8, 000 times on Facebook, and have got over10,000 likes. Tara, who did something similar in Toronto in December last year, says she's already planning next year's coat drive. She hopes that the meaningful thing can spread around the world, and she also wants to add $5 fast food gift card so that the homeless people can also enjoy a hot meal. \"We've got help from others when we were in need, and we knew how great it made us feel,\" said Zackary Atkins, Tara's husband.", "question": "Who is their spouse?", "context": "Tara Atkins-Smith has spouse Zackary Atkins. Zackary Atkins has spouse Tara Atkins-Smith.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tara Atkins-Smith)-[has spouse]->(Zackary Atkins) || (Zackary Atkins)-[has spouse]->(Tara Atkins-Smith)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0895", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \" \" From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \" is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets.", "question": "During which time of year are Consumer Electronics most popular as a gift?", "context": "Consumer Electronics are most popular as a gift during the Holiday Season.", "based_on_pattern": "(Consumer Electronics)-[IS_MOST_WANTED_GIFT_DURING]->(Holiday Season)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0896", "coqa_story": "A few years ago, an Englishman called Roy Jones went on holiday to a small seaside town in the west of England. He was swimming in the sea one day when, as he opened his mouth, his false teeth fell out and floated away. The following year, Mr. Jones returned to the same town. As he was having dinner in a local cafe one evening, he mentioned the story of his lost teeth to the manager. The manager looked surprised. He explained that he had found a set of false teeth on the beach last month. Then he asked Roy Jones if he wanted to try them on. \"OK\", said Mr. Jones. \"I suppose it won't do any harm.\" When the manager brought him the teeth, Mr. Jones put them into his mouth, and laughed and laughed. They were his. In 1987, an American couple called Jane and Robert Bentley went for a picnic on a beach in California. When they returned home, Mrs. Bentley realized that she had lost her wedding ring. It wasn't a lot of money but it was valuable to Jane Bentley. The Bentleys drove straight back to the beach, and searched for the ring for three hours, but could not find it. A few months later, Mr. Bentley went fishing off the same beach. As he pulled a large crab out of the sea, he noticed that there was something attached to one of its claws. It was his wife's wedding ring! At the end of the 19thcentury, a young woman called Rose Harcourt was on her honeymoon in Barmouth, North Wales, when she lost a gold bracelet her husband had given her as a wedding gift. Feeling very upset, she went straight to the police stations and asked if anyone had found her bracelet. Unfortunately, no one had. Twenty-five years later, the Harcourts returned to Barmouth _ They were sitting on the beach one day when Mrs. Harcourt noticed something gold in the sand by the edge of the sea. She walked down to see what it was, and discovered her gold bracelet that had been missing for 25 years.", "question": "While on holiday, where did Roy Jones travel to?", "context": "Roy Jones went on holiday to a seaside town.", "based_on_pattern": "(Roy Jones)-[WENT_ON_HOLIDAY_TO]->(Seaside Town)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0897", "coqa_story": "A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. The word \"mission\" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin \"missionem\" (nom. \"missio\"), meaning \"act of sending\" or \"mittere\", meaning \"to send\". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology. \n\nA Christian missionary can be defined as \"one who is to witness across cultures\". The Lausanne Congress of 1974, defined the term, related to Christian mission as, \"to form a viable indigenous church-planting movement\". Missionaries can be found in many countries around the world. \n\nJesus instructed the apostles to make disciples of all nations. This verse is referred to by Christian missionaries as the Great Commission and inspires missionary work. \n\nThe New Testament-era missionary outreach of the Christian church from the time of St Paul expanded throughout the Roman Empire and beyond to Persia (Church of the East) and to India (Saint Thomas Christians). During the Middle Ages the Christian monasteries and missionaries such as Saint Patrick (5th century), and Adalbert of Prague (ca 956-997) propagated learning and religion beyond the European boundaries of the old Roman Empire. In 596, Pope Gregory the Great (in office 590-604) sent the Gregorian Mission (including Augustine of Canterbury) into England. In their turn, Christians from Ireland (the Hiberno-Scottish mission) and from Britain (Saint Boniface (ca 675-754), and the Anglo-Saxon mission, for example) became prominent in converting the inhabitants of central Europe.", "question": "Who did he send?", "context": "Pope Gregory The Great sent the Gregorian Mission. Christ sent the Disciples.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pope Gregory The Great)-[sent]->(Gregorian Mission) || (Christ)-[sent]->(Disciples)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0898", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV. \n\n\"It's hame, and it's hame, and it's hame.\" \n\nCunningham. \n\nEdmund and Gerald had promised to spend a few days at Oakworthy, before the one returned to Portsmouth and the other to Eton; but their plans were disconcerted by an event which, as Clara said, placed Marian in mourning in good earnest, namely, the death of her great aunt, old Mrs. Jessie Arundel, who had always lived at Torquay. For the last four or five years she had been almost imbecile, and so likely to die at any time, that, as it seemed for that very reason, every one took her death as a surprise when it really happened. \n\nEdmund thought it right that both he and Gerald should attend her funeral. Lord Marchmont, whose wife stood in the same relationship to her, met them in London, and they all went together to Torquay, instead of making the intended visit to Oakworthy. Gerald was obliged to return to Eton on the following day, without coming to Oakworthy; but, to make up for it, he wrote to his Writer from Torquay, and his letter ended thus,--\"Now I have a capital bit of news for you. Old aunt Jessie has done what I shall venerate her for ever after--left every scrap of her property to Edmund, except a legacy or two to her servants, a picture of my father to me, and some queer old-fashioned jewels to you and Selina. The will was made just after I was born; so it was to make up to Edmund for my cutting him out of Fern Torr. You may suppose how Lord Marchmont and I shook hands with him. It is somewhere about \u00c2\u00a320,000; there is good news for you! He is executor, and has got to be here a day or two longer; but Lord Marchmont and I set off by the first train to-morrow. I shall look out for Lionel, tell him, in case he is too blind to see me. Can't you come with him to the station, and have one moment's talk?\" ", "question": "Where did he return to?", "context": "Gerald returned to Eton. Edmund returned to Portsmouth.", "based_on_pattern": "(Gerald)-[returned to]->(Eton) || (Edmund)-[returned to]->(Portsmouth)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0899", "coqa_story": "Henry Ford grew up on an un-electrified farm, and as a young man he followed Edison's career as the inventor became a national role model.Ford took a job at the Edison Illuminating Company working his way up to chief engineer. \n\nIn 1896 Ford was thirty-three and, though still working for Edison Co.,he had created his first experimental automobile the Ford Quadricycle2 during his off-time. At an Edison company party in New York, Ford had his first chance to meet his hero Edison and was able to explain his new automobile to the great inventor. _ Young man, that's the thing! You have it! Your car is self-contained and carries its own power plant.\" Edison himself had been working on the idea, but had only been considering electricity as the power source, so the idea of a gas engine was a somewhat new one. \n\nThe words comforted Ford greatly, who immediately set out building a second car which was to become the Model-T.6.The two men became f'ast friends and would go on camping trips together.When Edison later became limited to a wheelchair, Ford brought an extra one to his house so they could race.At the 50th anniversary of the invention of light-bulb, Ford honored Edison.When Edison spoke, he ended his speech directed at Ford:\" As to Henry Ford, words fail to express my feelings.I can only say that he is my friend.\" Therefore it is no surprise that Ford wanted something to remember Edison by after he passed away in 1931. \n\nOnce, Ford asked Thomas Edison's son Charles to sit by the dying inventor's bedside and hold a test tube next to his father's mouth to catch his final breath. Ford was a man with many strange behaviors( as was Edison)including some interest in reanimation and spiritualism and some say that he was attempting to catch Edison's soul as it escaped his body in hopes of later bringing the inventor back to life. \n\nThe test tube itself didn't turn up until 1950 when it was listed in the Ford possessions after Clara Ford's passing away, and then lost again until 1978 when it was discovered in an exhibit Entitled \"Henry Ford-A Personal History\" in the Henry Ford Museum.It would then be discovered that the tube was labeled \"Edison's Last Breath\". \n\nThere is a further mystery of this \"last breath\" test tube. It would seem as if Edison had quite a last breath indeed, as the Edison Estate holds a collection of 42 test tubes all supposedly containing Edison's last breath. \n\nRegardless of the excitement over the last breath, the test tube is quite touching in its meaning.Although both men were known for all sorts of poor behavior towards .their loved ones and mistreatment of employees, between them at least, there was clearly a deep respect and admiration.", "question": "According to the provided information, what peculiar item did Henry Ford request from Charles Edison?", "context": "Henry Ford made a request to Charles Edison to collect Edison's Last Breath.", "based_on_pattern": "(Henry Ford)-[MADE_REQUEST_TO]->(Charles Edison) and (Henry Ford)-[WANTED_TO_COLLECT]->(Edison'S Last Breath)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0900", "coqa_story": "Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. \n\nPerhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Amp\u00c3\u00a8re's force law, was discovered later by Andr\u00c3\u00a9-Marie Amp\u00c3\u00a8re in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.", "question": "What was his nationality?", "context": "Michael Faraday was British. Andrew Gordon was Scottish.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael Faraday)-[has nationality]->(British) || (Andrew Gordon)-[has nationality]->(Scottish)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0901", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is it for excellence in?", "context": "Athletic Merit Scholarships are for excellence in Sports. Artistic Merit Scholarships are for excellence in an Artistic Area.", "based_on_pattern": "(Athletic Merit Scholarships)-[for excellence in]->(Sports) || (Artistic Merit Scholarships)-[for excellence in]->(Artistic Area)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0902", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "Who did Francesca Johnson have an affair with?", "context": "Francesca Johnson had an affair with Robert Kincaid.", "based_on_pattern": "(Francesca Johnson)-[HAD_AFFAIR_WITH]->(Robert Kincaid)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0903", "coqa_story": "A news agency (French: \"agence de presse\") is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organizations, such as newspapers, magazines and radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. \n\nAlthough there are many news agencies around the world, three global news agencies, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, have offices in most countries of the world and cover all areas of information. All three began with and continue to operate on a basic philosophy of providing a single objective news feed to all subscribers; they do not provide separate feeds for conservative or liberal newspapers. Jonathan Fenby explains the philosophy: \n\nTo achieve such wide acceptability, the agencies avoid overt partiality. Demonstrably correct information is their stock in trade. Traditionally, they report at a reduced level of responsibility, attributing their information to a spokesman, the press, or other sources. They avoid making judgments and steer clear of doubt and ambiguity. Though their founders did not use the word, objectivity is the philosophical basis for their enterprises \u00e2\u20ac\u201c or failing that, widely acceptable neutrality. \n\nOnly a few large newspapers could afford bureaus outside their home city. They relied instead on news agencies, especially Havas (founded 1835) in France and the Associated Press (founded 1846) in the United States. Former Havas employees founded Reuters in 1851 in Britain and Wolff in 1849 in Germany; Havas is now Agence France-Presse (AFP). For international news, the agencies pooled their resources, so that Havas, for example, covered the French Empire, South America and the Balkans and shared the news with the other national agencies. In France the typical contract with Havas provided a provincial newspaper with 1800 lines of telegraphed text daily, for an annual subscription rate of 10,000 francs. Other agencies provided features and fiction for their subscribers.", "question": "When were they founded?", "context": "Associated Press (Ap) was founded in 1846. Reuters was founded in 1851. Havas was founded in 1835. Wolff was founded in 1849.", "based_on_pattern": "(Associated Press (Ap))-[founded in]->(1846) || (Reuters)-[founded in]->(1851) || (Havas)-[founded in]->(1835) || (Wolff)-[founded in]->(1849)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0904", "coqa_story": "Los Angeles, California (CNN) -- A Los Angeles County grand jury has indicted the former city administrator of Vernon, California, an industrial city that borders scandal-plagued Bell, on three felony counts after an investigation into questionable business practices. \n\nCourt documents show that Donal O'Callaghan has been indicted on two counts of conflict of interest and a count of public officer crime related to the misappropriation of public funds. \n\nThe Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office says the counts against O'Callaghan, 54, involve an alleged misappropriation of more than $140,000. \n\n\"The law prevents public officials from making contracts the have a personal interest in and Mr. O'Callaghan made a contract that paid his wife money,\" said deputy District Attorney Max Huntsman. \"We're alleging he paid her more than $140,000.\" \n\nThe grand jury was looking into business deals between O'Callaghan and his wife, Kimberly McBride. \n\nAccording to Vernon city records, the city hired McBride in 2009 as a $40-per-hour consultant and for \"administrative account services.\" \n\n\"It's preposterous that he was indicted for the hiring of his wife, which was done with the knowledge and consent of the city attorney and the City Council of Vernon,\" defense lawyer Mark Werksman told CNN. \n\n\"We are seeing an overreaction and hysterical response to the scandal in neighboring Bell,\" he said. \"They are looking for examples of municipal government corruption behind every bush. But it isn't here.\" \n\nHuntsman disagreed with Werksman's contention. \n\n'I think it's a reaction to Vernon, which has a long history of criminal behavior by public officials. We heard complaints against Mister O'Callaghan, looked into the law and found a basis for the charges,\" Huntsman said. \"The fact that it coincides with criminal charges against officials in Bell has to do with raised public awareness about corruption in municipal governments.\" ", "question": "By which grand jury was Donal O'Callaghan indicted?", "context": "Donal O'Callaghan was indicted by the grand jury of Los Angeles County.", "based_on_pattern": "(Donal O'Callaghan)-[INDICTED_BY_GRAND_JURY_OF]->(Los Angeles County)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0905", "coqa_story": "Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011. It's not always about fame and fortune for these celebs - education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school. No. 10: James Franco James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he's is so serious about school, he missed the Oscar nominations to attend class! No. 9: Natalie Portman Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting. No. 8: Haley Joel Osment When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus' sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: \"I see dead people.\" No. 7: Emma Watson Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree. No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school's homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class. No. 5: Mara Wilson Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU's Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009. No. 4: Tyra Banks Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates! \"We live in dorms,\" confirmed the TV star. \"I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It's mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, 'Oh yes, I'm going to Harvard and I'll be at the Four Seasons down the street.' And they were like, 'Girl, you're living in dorms!'\" No. 3: Shakira Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could \"learn from the best\". No. 2: Steven Spielberg Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the _ . But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002. No. 1: Danica McKellar Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who's written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics.", "question": "Besides acting, in what academic subject is Danica Mckellar considered a whiz?", "context": "Danica Mckellar is considered a whiz in Math.", "based_on_pattern": "(Danica Mckellar)-[IS_WHIZ_IN]->(Math)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0906", "coqa_story": "Buck did not read the newspapers,or he would have known that trouble was coming,not only for himself,but for every big dog,strong of muscle and with long,warm hair in California.Men had found gold in the Yukon,and these men wanted big,strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north. \n\nBuck lived at a big house in the sunkissed Santa Clara valley.Judge Miller's place,it was called.There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house,and a river nearby.In a big place like this,of course,there were many dogs.There were house dogs and farm dogs,but they were not important.Over this great land Buck ruled.Here he was born and here he had lived the four years of his life.He was not so large--he weighed only one hundred and forty pounds.But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere housedog.Hunting and outdoor delights had kept down the fat and hardened his muscles.He went swimming with Judge Miller's sons,and walking with his daughters.He carried the grandchildren on his back,and he sat at Judge Miller's feet in front of the warm library fire in winter.During the four years,he had a fine pride in himself which came of good living and universal respect.He was king of Judge Miller's place. \n\nBut this was 1897,and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to northwest Canada to look for gold.And he did not know that Manuel,one of the gardener's helpers,was in bad need of money for his hobby of gambling and for his large family.One day,the Judge was at a meeting and the boys were busy organizing an athletic club.No one saw Manuel and Buck go off on what Buck imagined was merely an evening walk.Only one man saw them arrive at the railway station.This man talked to Manuel,and gave him some money.Then Manuel tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck. \n\nBuck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity .He had learned to trust in men he knew and to give them credit.But when the ends of the rope were placed in the stranger's hands,Buck roared,and was surprised when the rope tightened around his neck,shutting off his breath.In extreme anger,he jumped at the man.The man caught him and suddenly Buck was thrown over on his back.Then the rope tightened cruelly while Buck struggled,his tongue out of his mouth.Never in all his life had he been so badly treated.Never in all his life had he been so angry.For a few moments he was unable to move,and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train. \n\nWhen Buck woke up,the train was still moving.The man was sitting and watching him,but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard.Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go. \n\nThat evening,the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco.The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood. \n\n\"How much are they paying you for this?\"he asked. \n\n\"Only get fifty dollars.\" \n\n\"And the man who stole him--how much did he get?\"asked the barman. \n\n\"A hundred.He wouldn't take less.\" \n\n\"That makes a hundred and fifty.It's a good price for a dog like him.\" \n\nBuck spent that night in a cagelike box.He could not understand what it all meant.What did they want with him,these strange men?And where were Judge Miller and the boys? \n\nThe next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a train to the north.", "question": "What did Manuel do to Buck?", "context": "Manuel abducted Buck.", "based_on_pattern": "(Manuel)-[ABDUCTS]->(Buck)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0907", "coqa_story": "Chapter X. -- FRIEDRICH DOES HIS MORAVIAN EXPEDITION WHICH PROVES A MERE MORAVIAN FORAY. \n\nWhile these Coronation splendors had been going on, Friedrich, in the Moravian regions, was making experiences of a rather painful kind; his Expedition prospering there far otherwise than he had expected. This winter Expedition to Mahren was one of the first Friedrich had ever undertaken on the Joint-stock Principle; and it proved of a kind rather to disgust him with that method in affairs of war. \n\nA deeply disappointing Expedition. The country hereabouts was in bad posture of defence; nothing between us and Vienna itself, in a manner. Rushing briskly forward, living on the country where needful, on that Iglau Magazine, on one's own Sechelles resources; rushing on, with the Saxons, with the French, emulous on the right hand and the left, a Captain like Friedrich might have gone far; Vienna itself--who knows!--not yet quite beyond the reach of him. Here was a way to check Khevenhuller in his Bavarian Operations, and whirl him back, double-quick, for another object nearer home!--But, alas, neither the Saxons nor the French would rush on, in the least emulous. The Saxons dragged heavily arear; the French Detachment (a poor 5,000 under Polastron, all that a captious Broglio could be persuaded to grant) would not rush at all, but paused on the very frontier of Moravia, Broglio so ordering, and there hung supine, or indeed went home. \n\nFriedrich remonstrated, argued, turned back to encourage; but it was in vain. The Saxon Bastard Princes \"lived for days in any Schloss they found comfortable;\" complaining always that there was no victual for their Troops; that the Prussians, always ahead, had eaten the country. No end to haggling; and, except on Friedrich's part, no hearty beginning to real business. \"If you wish at all to be 'King of Moravia,' what is this!\" thinks Friedrich justly. Broglio, too, was unmanageable,--piqued that Valori, not Broglio, had started the thing;--showed himself captious, dark, hysterically effervescent, now over-cautious, and again capable of rushing blindly headlong. ", "question": "What did he participate in?", "context": "Friedrich participated in the Moravian Expedition. Khevenhuller participated in the Bavarian Operations.", "based_on_pattern": "(Friedrich)-[participated in]->(Moravian Expedition) || (Khevenhuller)-[participated in]->(Bavarian Operations)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0908", "coqa_story": "Intel Corporation (also known as Intel, stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California (colloquially referred to as \"Silicon Valley\") that was founded by Gordon Moore (of Moore's law fame) and Robert Noyce. It is the world's second largest and second highest valued semiconductor chip makers based on revenue after being overtaken by Samsung, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. \n\nIntel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove. The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words \"int\"egrated and \"el\"ectronics, with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit (microchip). The fact that \"intel\" is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate. Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.", "question": "What were they the inventor of?", "context": "Robert Noyce was the inventor of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip). Intel Corporation was the inventor of the X86 Series Of Microprocessors.", "based_on_pattern": "(Robert Noyce)-[inventor of]->(Integrated Circuit (Microchip)) || (Intel Corporation)-[inventor of]->(X86 Series Of Microprocessors)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0909", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Who does he work for?", "context": "Elman Chacon works for Best Buy. Steve Koenig works for Consumer Electronics Association. Brian Tong works for Cnet.Com.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elman Chacon)-[works for]->(Best Buy) || (Steve Koenig)-[works for]->(Consumer Electronics Association) || (Brian Tong)-[works for]->(Cnet.Com)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0910", "coqa_story": "They can be seen more frequently than ever before on college campuses, wearing thick-rimmed glasses while listening to indie music. One might find them playing unusual musical instruments, shopping at second-hand stores or expressing themselves in other unique ways. They call themselves hipsters. Being \"hip\" used to mean following the latest fashion. But gradually the word has evolved into a synonym for \"cool\". \n\nHipsters value independent thinking, progressive politics, an appreciation of creativity and intelligence. Hipsters take pains and pride in not being mainstream. However, their culture has become quite trendy. This irony is central to their culture and offers an interesting paradox. \n\n\"I do take things in the mainstream with a grain of salt,\" says Ben Polson, a college student at Brown University in the US. Polson describes himself as a hipster and says he often questions what determines popularity, especially regarding music.When lesser-known bands become popular they often lose their former fan base in exchange for a new one. There is a famous hipster saying that goes: I used to like that band before it got popular. \n\nAccording to Polson, bands' music changes when they go mainstream. They become \"less experimental, doing things just to save popularity and fans. The original elements that we were drawn to slowly _ for the sake of popularity.\" \n\nMany young adults have started to view hipsters' outlook as cool and are adopting their counterculture mindset themselves. This has led to specialized brands, stores and music for the hipster position. Ironically, some such stores, including clothing labels Urban Outfitters and American Apparel, have gained mainstream popularity. This has seemingly diluted the anti-mainstream culture. \n\n\"A lot of people that are self-defined hipsters aren't really hipsters, they're just trying to conform to the non-conformist to seem cooler,\" says Amanda Leopold, a college student from Oberlin College, US. Although Leopold has many unconventional tastes and seems quite individualist, she refuses to classify herself as a hipster. \n\nThere is a conflict among hipsters about the very definition of the label. To some, to be a hipster is to be free from cultural constraints. To others, it means wearing a certain style and listening to a specific style of music. The former constantly strives for uniqueness, while the latter strives not to be mainstream. \n\nAnd yet, the movement is gaining mainstream popularity. \"It's kind of the trend these days; _ \" says Leopold. \"There have been hipsters since the seventies. It's only become popular recently.\" \n\nHipsters reject materialism and laugh at mainstream culture. But are they really beyond material comforts? Do they have any ideas of their own if they despise mainstream so much? \n\nChristy Wampole, an associate professor of literature at Princeton University, US, is not so sure. She says the hipster is a contradiction in himself and an easy target of mockery . Writing in The New York Times, Wampole paints a less appreciative picture of a typical hipster. \n\n\"The hipster is a scholar of social forms, a student of cool. He studies continuously, searching for what has yet to be found by the mainstream. He is a walking citation ; his clothes refer to much more than themselves. He tries to negotiate the age-old problem of individuality, not with concepts, but with material things.\"", "question": "What social classification does Amanda Leopold refuse to be identified as?", "context": "Amanda Leopold refuses to be classified as a Hipster.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amanda Leopold)-[REFUSES_TO_BE_CLASSIFIED_AS]->(Hipsters)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0911", "coqa_story": "LOS ANGELES, California (CNN) -- Michael Jackson's sister, LaToya Jackson, told a London newspaper she suspects her brother was \"murdered\" in a conspiracy by \"a shadowy entourage.\" \n\nMichael Jackson \"was surrounded by a bad circle,\" LaToya Jackson told a British newspaper. \n\nLondon's Daily Mail newspaper paid for the interview, according to a source close to the Jackson family and another source familiar with the interview arrangements. The amount of money paid was not disclosed. \n\nLaToya Jackson was \"very candid\" throughout the four-hour interview, which took place in Los Angeles, California, last Thursday, said Caroline Graham, the Daily Mail reporter who conducted the interview. \n\nJackson cited no evidence of a murder conspiracy, Graham said, but she did tell the paper the family has seen results from the private autopsy it ordered. She would not reveal the findings, Graham said. Watch reporter describe LaToya's demeanor \u00c2\u00bb \n\n\"There indeed had been concern among several family members about the circumstances around Michael's death,\" said Bryan Monroe, the last journalist to interview Michael Jackson. \"Some folks have hesitated to go as far as saying it was murder.\" \n\nThe Los Angeles coroner could release his autopsy report on Jackson within a week, according to assistant chief coroner Ed Winter. \n\nLos Angeles police Chief William Bratton told CNN last week that he was waiting for the coroner to determine the exact cause of Jackson's death. \"And based on those, we will have an idea of what it is we are dealing (with),\" he said. \n\nThe Jackson family knows that the probe into his June 25 death might turn into a criminal case, a source close to the family told CNN last Thursday. \"The family is aware of a potential criminal prosecution,\" said the source, who did not want to be identified. ", "question": "Who do they work for?", "context": "Ed Winter works for Los Angeles Coroner. Caroline Graham works for Daily Mail. William Bratton works for Los Angeles Police.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ed Winter)-[works for]->(Los Angeles Coroner) || (Caroline Graham)-[works for]->(Daily Mail) || (William Bratton)-[works for]->(Los Angeles Police)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0912", "coqa_story": "One day in my class, Maria shared her feelings about money, \"Money worries me. I think I want to live without money because I hate it. I HATE MONEY.\" We were all touched by Maria's words as they reminded us of the spiritual burdens that money managing can bring to us. After class I offered to help Maria deal with her financial problems. She hesitated to accept my offer, and I could see from the expression on her face that she was afraid of what it might involve. I quickly promised her that I wouldn't make her do more than she was able to. I told her frankly that I didn't enjoy managing my money any more than she did hers and wouldn't burden her with guilt, judgments, or impossible tasks. All I would ask her to do was to let me help her look at her fears and try to make some sense of them. \n\nMaria still resisted my offer, and I can remember the excuses she gave me as they were the repeated complaints I had heard from so many people. \"I'11 never understand money,\" she said. \"My facts are meaningless.\" \"I don't deserve to have money.\" \"I never have enough,\" \"I have too little to manage.\" \"My financial position isn't worth looking at.\" and the most _ one of all, \"I just can't do it.\" \n\nGoing home that day, I couldn't get Maria out of my mind: Her attitude conveyed the same negativity and fear that I believed annoyed many people. I was sure it was this attitude that prevented people from managing their money effectively. My counseling has taught me that these anxieties are inseparably connected to our self-doubts and fear for survival. Many of us are terrified of handling our money because we don't believe we can do it well, and to do it wrong would put our very existence at risk. \n\nOn a deeper level we know that money is not the source of life, but sense of worth drives us to act as if it were. It locks us up in self-doubts and prevents us from tapping into the true source of our management power, our spirit.", "question": "What does it cause?", "context": "Money Managing causes Spiritual Burdens. Sense Of Worth causes Self-Doubts.", "based_on_pattern": "(Money Managing)-[causes]->(Spiritual Burdens) || (Sense Of Worth)-[causes]->(Self-Doubts)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0913", "coqa_story": "One day Marilla said, \"Anne, your new teacher, Miss Stacy, spoke to me yesterday. She says you must study for the examinations for Queen's College in two years' time. Then if you do well, you can study at Queen's in Charlottetown for a year, and after that you'll be a teacher!\" \"That doesn't matter, Anne. When Matthew and I adopted you three years ago, we decided to look after you as well as we could. Of course we'll pay for you to study.\"So in the afternoons Anne and some of her friends stayed late at school, and Miss Stacy helped them with the special examination work. Diana didn't want to go to Queen's, so she went home early, but Gilbert stayed. He and Anne still never spoke and everybody knew that they were enemies, because they both wanted to be first in the examination. Secretly, Anne was sorry that she and Gilbert weren't friends, but it was too late now. For two years, Anne studied hard at school. She enjoyed learning, and Miss Stacy was pleased with her. But she didn't study all the time. In the evenings and at weekends she visited her friends, or walked through the fields with Diana, or sat talking to Matthew. \"Your Anne is a big girl now. She's taller than you,\" Rachel Lynde told Marilla one day. \"You're right, Rachel!\" said Marilla in surprise. \"And she's a very good girl now, isn't she? She doesn't get into trouble these days. I'm sure she helps you a lot with the housework, Marilla.\" \"Yes, I don't know what I'd do without her,\" said Marilla, smiling. \"And look at her! Those beautiful grey eyes, and that red-brown hair! You know, Marilla, I thought you and Matthew made a mistake when you adopted her. But now I see I was wrong. You've looked after her very well.\" \"Well, thank you, Rachel,\" replied Marilla, pleased. That evening, when Matthew came into the kitchen, he saw that his sister was crying. \"What's the matter?\" he asked, surprised. \"You haven't cried since... well, I can't remember when.\" \"It's just... well, I was thinking about Anne,\" said Marilla. \"I'll...I'll miss her when she goes away.\" \"When she goes to Queen's, you mean? Yes, but she can come home at weekends, on the train.\" \"I'll still miss her,\" said Marilla sadly.\" In June the Avonlea boys and girls had to go to Charlottetown to take their examinations. \"Oh, I do hope that I've done well,\" Anne told Diana when she arrived back at Green Gables. \"The examinations were very difficult. And I've got to wait for three weeks before I know! Three weeks! I'll die!\" Anne wanted to do better than Gilbert. But she also wanted to do well for Matthew and Marilla. That was very important to her. Diana was the first to hear the news, she ran into the kitchen at Green Gables and shouted, \"Look, Anne! It's in Father's newspaper! You're first... with Gilbert... out of all the students on the island! Oh, how wonderful!\" Anne took the paper with shaking hands, and saw her name, at the top of the list of two hundred. She could not speak. \"Well, now, I knew it,\" said Matthew with a warm smile. \"You've done well, I must say, Anne,\" said Marilla, who was secretly very pleased. For the next three weeks Anne and Marilla were very busy. Anne needs new dresses to take to Charlottetown.", "question": "Who is her friend?", "context": "Anne is a friend of Diana. Diana is a friend of Anne.", "based_on_pattern": "(Anne)-[friend of]->(Diana) || (Diana)-[friend of]->(Anne)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0914", "coqa_story": "Long ago, Bluebird's feathers were the colour of dust. She did not like her ugly colour. She was attracted by the colour of the lake near her home. It was as blue as the sky after a storm. Bluebird wanted to be the colour of that beautiful lake very much. Flapping her wings one morning, Bluebird flew from her tree to the blue lake. Then she bathed in the water three times. After each bath, she sang, \"Blue water. Still water. I went in. I am blue.\" Bluebird repeated this every morning. On the third day, she came out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Now Coyote was a trickster --and hungry too. He stayed behind Bluebird's tree for a long time every day and watched her go to the lake. He pretended to be interested in everything she did. He wanted Bluebird for lunch, but he was afraid of the blue water. On the third morning, Coyote saw Bluebird come out of the lake with beautiful blue feathers. Impressed, he sat next to Bluebird's tree and waited for her. When she returned, he asked, \"How did you get blue feathers? I want to be blue like the mountains too.\" Bluebird didn't believe Coyote, but she taught him how to bathe three times each morning and how to sing her song. Coyote did what she said, and after three days of bathing in the lake, his white fur turned deep blue. Convinced that blue fur was even more beautiful than blue feathers, Coyote forgot all about being hungry. He ran as fast as he could to the top of the hill. Standing on his back legs, he raised his front legs off the ground and howled. But Coyote slipped and rolled down the hill. He couldn't stop himself, and the dust and dirt covered his new blue fur. He rolled and rolled until he hit into Bluebird's tree heavily. No matter how much he tried, foolish Coyote could not shake the dust from his fur. And so the fur of all coyotes had the dull colour of dust to this very day.", "question": "What color did the Bluebird want to become?", "context": "The Bluebird wanted to become the color of the Lake.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bluebird)-[WANTED_TO_BE_COLOR_OF]->(Lake)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0915", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday. \n\nThe soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman. \n\nSince a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said. \n\nIt was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times. \n\nLt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties. \n\nPakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident. \n\nIndia and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers. \n\nOn August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say. ", "question": "Over which territory have both India and Pakistan fought a war?", "context": "Both India and Pakistan have fought a war over Kashmir.", "based_on_pattern": "(India)-[FOUGHT_WAR_OVER]->(Kashmir) and (Pakistan)-[FOUGHT_WAR_OVER]->(Kashmir)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0916", "coqa_story": "Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years.One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out and travels alone, according to new research. \n\nBy contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out. \n\nMore women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures.Men are more likely to rank \"having fun\" higher on their list of _ .Women are more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people. \n\nThe more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed have reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience. \n\nThe research also shows that women are more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects.One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light. \n\nA greater proportion of women than men face objections or criticism from their families over their gapyear plans.Among the men surveyed, lack of money is the main barrier to travel. \n\nCarolyn Martin, a doctor from London,is a typically confident female traveller.Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs. \n\n\"I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan,\" she recalled.\"It was OK but one day I did get chased by one.\" \n\nShe said that she had travelled alone because \"you meet more people\".", "question": "What was the main barrier preventing Young Men from doing certain activities?", "context": "The main barrier for Young Men is a lack of money.", "based_on_pattern": "(Young Men)-[MAIN_BARRIER_IS]->(Lack Of Money)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0917", "coqa_story": "A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. \n\nIn Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. It was followed by a lot of universities opened as public universities in the 20th century such as Cairo University (1908), Alexandria University (1912), Assiut University (1928), Ain Shams University (1957), Helwan University (1959), Beni-Suef University (1963), Benha University (1965), Zagazig University (1978), Suez Canal University (1989), where tuition fees are totally subsidized by the Government. \n\nIn Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments. Examples include the University of Lagos, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Ibadan, University of Benin, University of Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello University, Abia State University, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gombe State University, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Federal University of Technology Yola, University of Maiduguri, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, University of Jos, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University of Ilorin \n\nIn Kenya, the Ministry of Education controls all of the public universities. Students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. Students who meet the criteria determined annually by the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS) receive government sponsorship, as part of their university or college fee is catered for by the government. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board. They are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education.", "question": "In what year was Alexandria University established?", "context": "Alexandria University was established in 1912.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alexandria University)-[OPENED_IN]->(1912)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0918", "coqa_story": "Bucharest, Romania (CNN) -- Romania's president Traian Basescu was suspended on Friday, after the impeachment motion filed by the ruling coalition passed the Parliament's vote. \n\nRomania's coalition of Social Democrats and Liberals argued their action by saying that President Traian Basescu has breached the Constitution and overstepped his authority. \n\nThe motion passed with 256 votes, 39 more than the minimum required. The country is expected to hold a referendum on July 29, when Romanians will have to vote whether they want Basescu to remain in office. \n\nDuring the suspension, National Liberal Party leader Crin Antonescu, who is also the president of the Senate, will assume the interim presidency. Earlier this week, Antonescu was appointed the president of the Senate. This position allows him to assume the president's attributions, in case the latter is suspended, according to the Constitution. \n\nCrin Antonescu said on Friday he is ready to step out of politics if Basescu wins the referendum. \n\nDuring his speech in parliament, before the vote, Basescu accused the ruling coalition of taking control of the country's judicial system and public institutions. \n\nHe also expressed concern about the country's state of law and said this political turmoil will have long-term negative impacts on Romania. \n\n\"Take care of the country!\" Basescu said at the end of his speech. It is the second time Basescu has faced suspension since he took the power, eight years ago. The first time was in 2007, after which he won a referendum and returned to office. \n\nEarlier on Friday, Romania's Constitutional Court gave an ambiguous statement regarding the constitutional status of this impeachment motion. The judges approved some of the points from the motion, but they didn't make it clear whether Basescu has violated the Constitution or not. In any case, the Court played an advisory role this time, leaving the final word to the Parliament. The court issued a statement saying that one of its judges, Aspazia Cojocaru, received threats prior to court debates on the impeachment motion. ", "question": "Who was he the president of?", "context": "Traian Basescu was the president of Romania. Crin Antonescu was the president of the Senate.", "based_on_pattern": "(Traian Basescu)-[president of]->(Romania) || (Crin Antonescu)-[president of]->(Senate)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0919", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "On whom did Barry Marshall conduct an experiment?", "context": "Barry Marshall conducted an experiment on himself.", "based_on_pattern": "(Barry Marshall)-[EXPERIMENTED_ON]->(Barry Marshall)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0920", "coqa_story": "I'm flying high today after hearing the news that Bamboo People is a top ten book on the Best Fiction for Young Adults 2011 list from the American Library Association. Here are the top ten titles with annotations by YALSA librarians: *Bacigalupi, Paolo. Ship Breaker. Little, Brown, and Co. Nailer is a light crew cleaner tearing up old hulks of ships, living day to day, until a rich girl and her gleaming ship run ashore in a storm on the beach and his life gets more dangerous. *Donnelley, Jennifer. Revolution. Random House Children's Books/Delacorte. Haunted by the death of her brother, Andi is taken to Paris by her separated father where an encounter with a mysterious diary may bring her back from the edge. *Marchetta, Melina. Finnikin of the Rock. Candlewick. Finnikin and his fellow exiles from Lumatere wish to return to their cursed homeland. Finnikin must go on an epic journey with a dumb beginner named Evanjalin to return home. *Matson, Morgan. Amy and Roger's Epic Detour. Simon & Schuster. Amy and Roger must both learn to deal with loss while on a road trip across the country which doesn't go as expected. *McBride, Lish. Hold Me Closer, Necromancer. Macmillan Children's Book Group/Henry Holt. When Sam discovers he is a necromancer he must learn to control his power in order to defeat a powerful and corrupt opponent and save his friends. *Mulligan, Andy. Trash. David Fickling Books. Three garbage-picker boys find an item of great value to a corrupt politician on their rounds, setting off a tense hunt to see who will win. *Perkins, Mitali. Bamboo People. Chiko, a Burmese soldier and Tu Reh, a Kerenni refugee meet on opposite sides of war and each must learn what it means to be a man of his people. *Reinhardt, Dana. The Things a Brother Knows. Random House Children's Books/Wendy Lamb. Boaz is back and cheered as the hometown hero, but he is not at all the same. Can his younger brother Levi help him truly make his way home? *Saenz, Benjamin. Last Night I Sang to the Monster. Cinco Puntos Press, 2009. Weeks in therapy go by and 18-year-old Zach is still unable to remember the monstrous events that left him alone and haunted by nightmares. *Sedgwick, Marcus. Revolver. Roaring Brook Press. Sig is alone with his father's body when the lawless man his father had managed to escape appears out of the icy wilderness", "question": "Which publishing house released the book 'Revolution' by Jennifer Donnelley?", "context": "The book 'Revolution' was released by Random House Children'S Books/Delacorte.", "based_on_pattern": "(Revolution)-[PUBLISHED_BY]->(Random House Children'S Books/Delacorte)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0921", "coqa_story": "Edda, a Little Valkyrie's First Day of School \n\nWritten and illustrated by Adam Auerbach. \n\n32 pp. Christy Ottaviano/Holt. $15.50. \n\nEdda's home is in Asgard, \"a land full of magic and adventure.\" But Edda, the littlest Valkyrie, doesn't have quite enough to do, until her father flies her \"all the way to Earth for the first day of school.\" \n\nThe contrast between home and school is hard to get used to (in one, she can ride reindeer; in the other she gazes guinea pig through glass at the classroom). In his first picture book, Auerbach mixes the two worlds perfectly. Children are likely to appreciate the joke. \n\nPlanet Kindergarten \n\nBy Sue Ganz-Schmitt. Illustrated by Shane Prigmore. \n\n32 pp. Chronicle. $14.99. \n\nAfter careful preparations and a successful blastoff, a boy finds himself in a very unfamiliar environment. \"We're aliens from many galaxies on Planet Kindergarten,\" he reflects as he sees his very varied classmates for the first time. \n\nPrigmore, who designs for the movie industry, uses black backgrounds and bright colors to give this space adventure visual excitement and humor. \n\nThe Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade \n\nBy Justin Roberts. Illustrated by Christian Robinson. \n\n42 pp. Putnam. $18.99. \n\nIt makes sense that the author of the long, rhyming lines in \"The Smallest Girl in the Smallest Grade\" is a children's music performer. The story is about the power of one small person to fight prejudice. \n\nSally, whom no one ever seems to notice, is \"paying super extra special attention\" to the \"terrible stuff\" happening around her. When she decides to take action, she's not alone for long. \n\nAnd Two Boys Booed \n\nBy Judith Viorst. \n\n32 pp. Margaret Ferguson/Farrar, Straus & Giroux. $16.59. \n\nEver felt quietly confident one minute, and a shaking mess the next? In Viorst's story about determination, a little boy wakes up thinking about singing his song in the class talent show.", "question": "Who wrote it?", "context": "The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade was written by Justin Roberts. Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School was written by Adam Auerbach. Planet Kindergarten was written by Sue Ganz-Schmitt. And Two Boys Booed was written by Judith Viorst.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Smallest Girl In The Smallest Grade)-[written by]->(Justin Roberts) || (Edda, A Little Valkyrie'S First Day Of School)-[written by]->(Adam Auerbach) || (Planet Kindergarten)-[written by]->(Sue Ganz-Schmitt) || (And Two Boys Booed)-[written by]->(Judith Viorst)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0922", "coqa_story": "My Left Foot (1989) Imagine _ , unable to make any movements except to move your left foot. The main character in My Left Foot,based on the real story of cerebral palsy sufferer Christy Brown,can barely move his mouth to speak, but by controlling his left foot, he's able to express himself as an artist and poet. For his moving performance of Brown, Daniel Lewis won his first Academy Award for best actor. Shine (1996) Do you have a talent you're afraid to share with the world? David Helfgott seemed meant from childhood to be \"one of the truly great pianists,\" but the pressures of performing (and pleasing his father) resulted in a complete breakdown. Ten years in a mental hospital didn't weaken Helfgott's musical gift: When he was rediscovered, he was playing concertos in a bar. Shine received seven Oscar nominations , and Geoffrey Rush won best actor for his performance of Helfgott. Life Is Beautiful (1997) Nothing's more powerful than the love between a parent and a child. In this heartbreaking Italian film, a father (Roberto Benigni) makes an unbelievable sacrifice for his 4-year-old son: trapped in a Nazi concentration camp in 1945, the Jewish man convinces his boy that they are playing a complicated game. He manages to spare him the horror of the terrible war, and even in his final moments of life, keeps his son smiling and hopeful. Benigni won the best actor Oscar. Stand and Deliver (1988) Few people can inspire us more than a good teacher. Jaime Escalante (Edward James Olmos got Oscar nomination for best actor) is a great one. Employed at a high school where kids are expected to fail, Escalante challenges his math students to struggle for better things, like getting good grades in the AP exam. Despite the obstacles in their lives, the classmates achieve their goals, thanks to Mr. Escalante's support. The real Jaime Escalante, the Best Teacher in America, says that Stand and Deliver is \"90% truth, 10% drama.\"", "question": "Who did he portray?", "context": "Daniel Lewis portrayed Christy Brown. Edward James Olmos portrayed Jaime Escalante. Geoffrey Rush portrayed David Helfgott.", "based_on_pattern": "(Daniel Lewis)-[portrayed]->(Christy Brown) || (Edward James Olmos)-[portrayed]->(Jaime Escalante) || (Geoffrey Rush)-[portrayed]->(David Helfgott)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0923", "coqa_story": "No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer. \n\nOne of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah. \n\nThey did not find much long-term \"organizational learning\" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them. \n\nThe study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites--and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights. \n\nIn two thousand two, a piece of insulating material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success. \n\nThen, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes. \n\nProfessor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past. \n\nHe advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal. \n\nThe mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly. \n\nFabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me \"Did you try plugging it'? I'm just dusting, Mum!\"So she wouldn't notice how dumb I am sometimes! \n\nBruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in hispocket. He wrote: I always promise I will never do it again, but after-a few weeks,where is mywallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place.", "question": "At which institution does Peter Madsen work?", "context": "Peter Madsen works at the Marriott School Of Management At Brigham Young University.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter Madsen)-[WORKS_AT]->(Marriott School Of Management At Brigham Young University)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0924", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- A June trial has been set for a Detroit-area man who said he accidentally shot and killed a 19-year-old woman he thought was breaking into his home. \n\nTheodore Paul Wafer, 54, pleaded not guilty at his arraignment Wednesday to second-degree murder charges in connection with the November 2, 2013 shooting of Renisha McBride. Authorities said McBride was intoxicated and possibly disoriented following a car crash before Wafer shot her on his porch in the community of Dearborn Heights. \n\nThe trial was set for June 2. \n\nLast month, District Court Judge David Turfe said there was enough probable cause for Wafer to stand trial in connection with the shooting. \n\n\"Defendant came to the door with the shotgun,\" Turfe said, according to CNN Michigan affiliate WXYZ. \"His first thought was to bring the gun, not call for help, or not answer the door. It suggests to this court, the defendant made a bad choice.\" \n\nA friend of McBride told the court that she and the victim had been playing a drinking game with vodka and smoking marijuana the night of the shooting. \n\nWafer, whose lawyer said he shot the victim in self-defense, was charged with second-degree murder last month after days of pressure from McBride's relatives seeking an arrest. \n\nHe also was charged with manslaughter and possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. \n\nWafer told investigators he thought McBride was breaking into his home, and that the shotgun accidentally discharged when he investigated, police said. \n\nMcBride was unarmed and there was no evidence of a break-in, so Wafer -- who authorities say shot McBride from behind a closed, locked screen door -- cannot lawfully claim he needed to shoot her to stop an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm, Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy told reporters in November. ", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Kym Worthy is the Wayne County Prosecutor. David Turfe is the District Court Judge.", "based_on_pattern": "(Kym Worthy)-[has occupation]->(Wayne County Prosecutor) || (David Turfe)-[has occupation]->(District Court Judge)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0925", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XV \n\nTHE PLACE CALLED CALIFANO \n\nThere is no mistake about it, Alvina was a lost girl. She was cut off from everything she belonged to. Ovid isolated in Thrace might well lament. The soul itself needs its own mysterious nourishment. This nourishment lacking, nothing is well. \n\nAt Pescocalascio it was the mysterious influence of the mountains and valleys themselves which seemed always to be annihilating the Englishwoman: nay, not only her, but the very natives themselves. Ciccio and Pancrazio clung to her, essentially, as if she saved them also from extinction. It needed all her courage. Truly, she had to support the souls of the two men. \n\nAt first she did not realize. She was only stunned with the strangeness of it all: startled, half-enraptured with the terrific beauty of the place, half-horrified by its savage annihilation of her. But she was stunned. The days went by. \n\nIt seems there are places which resist us, which have the power to overthrow our psychic being. It seems as if every country has its potent negative centres, localities which savagely and triumphantly refuse our living culture. And Alvina had struck one of them, here on the edge of the Abruzzi. \n\nShe was not in the village of Pescocalascio itself. That was a long hour's walk away. Pancrazio's house was the chief of a tiny hamlet of three houses, called Califano because the Califanos had made it. There was the ancient, savage hole of a house, quite windowless, where Pancrazio and Ciccio's mother had been born: the family home. Then there was Pancrazio's villa. And then, a little below, another newish, modern house in a sort of wild meadow, inhabited by the peasants who worked the land. Ten minutes' walk away was another cluster of seven or eight houses, where Giovanni lived. But there was no shop, no post nearer than Pescocalascio, an hour's heavy road up deep and rocky, wearying tracks. ", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "Alvina is located in Abruzzi. Another Newish, Modern House is located in A Sort Of Wild Meadow.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alvina)-[located in]->(Abruzzi) || (Another Newish, Modern House)-[located in]->(A Sort Of Wild Meadow)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0926", "coqa_story": "Register in person, by phone 264-8833, or by mail. Use form given. \n\n178 IN Winchester St., Chicago \n\nBasic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses . Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $50.Jan. 10,12,17,19, Tues & Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines. \n\nUnderstanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them. Course charge: $75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan.14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-10:30pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field. \n\nStop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it's the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wedns. 4:00-7:00pm. Dr John Goode is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking. \n\nTyping This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Material charge: $25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before. \n\nOil painting Oil paint is easy to use once you learn the basics. When you enroll at this oil painting course, you will learn to draw and learn to paint using many oil painting techniques under complete guidance and instruction. Together with the teacher's knowledge and your passion-we'll unlock your creativity and develop your potential! Course charge: $35. Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26, Thurs. 2:00-5:00 pm. Ralf Ericssion has taught beginners to masters and he has learned that everything builds on just a few basic concepts that he will show you here. \n\nSinging This course shows you how to deliver an accomplished vocal performance on stage and in the studio. Develop your vocal talents with professional warm-up routines and learn vocal techniques to gain confidence in your performance. You'll learn to perform classic songs before exploring your own songwriting ideas with a tutor. And finally you'll get the chance to record in a professional studio. Singing tuition may be in groups or one-to-one. We have Choral singing, Gospel singing, Folk singing and many other styles of song. All styles are welcome and no previous experience is required. Please read on for course contents and reviews from our students. Course charge: $90. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 5:30-8:30pm. Peter Syrus is a Grammy award winning tutor.", "question": "How much is the course charge for the Stop Smoking class?", "context": "The course charge for the Stop Smoking class is $30.", "based_on_pattern": "(Stop Smoking)-[HAS_COURSE_CHARGE]->($30)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0927", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Oklahoma State University women's basketball coach Kurt Budke and assistant coach Miranda Serna were killed when their plane crashed on the way to a recruiting trip in Arkansas, university officials said Friday. \n\nFormer Oklahoma state Sen. Olin Branstetter and his wife, Paula, also died in the crash Thursday, university spokesman Gary Schutt said. \n\n\"It's a terribly sad day,\" he said. \n\nThe crash occurred in Perry County, Arkansas, leaving no survivors. \n\nThe plane, a Piper Cherokee PA-28, according to FAA records, crashed under \"unknown circumstances\" in a wooded area about four miles south of Perryville, Arkansas, about 4:30 p.m. CT on Thursday, agency spokesman Lynn Lunsford said Friday. \n\nNo additional information about the crash was immediately available. \n\nThe National Transportation Safety Board has sent investigators to the crash site, the agency said Friday. \n\nBudke and Serna were on a recruiting trip to Little Rock, Arkansas, the university said. \n\n\"For any coaching community to lose bright stars like Kurt and Miranda is tragic,\" NCAA President Mark Emmert said in a statement. \"This is a profound loss for the Oklahoma State women's basketball family, the entire university and future women's basketball players as well.\" \n\nUniversity officials credited Budke for turning the school's women's basketball program around, culminating with a top-10 national ranking and an appearance in the second round of the NCAA tournament last season. He was in his seventh season with the school. \n\n\"Kurt was an exemplary leader and a man of character who had a profound impact on his student-athletes,\" Oklahoma State President Burns Hargis said. \"He was an outstanding coach and a wonderful person. We send our deepest sympathies to his wife, Shelley, and their children, Sara, Alex and Brett.\" ", "question": "Who is she the spouse of?", "context": "Shelley is the spouse of Kurt Budke. Paula is the spouse of Olin Branstetter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Shelley)-[spouse of]->(Kurt Budke) || (Kurt Budke)-[spouse of]->(Shelley) || (Olin Branstetter)-[spouse of]->(Paula) || (Paula)-[spouse of]->(Olin Branstetter)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0928", "coqa_story": "Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn't very strong nor did it have pedals .Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground. \n\nIn 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan's machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan's bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers. \n\nIn 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede,but most people called it a \"bone shaker\" because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people. \n\nTen years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment. \n\nIt wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson;bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.", "question": "What year was it invented in?", "context": "The Velocipede was invented in 1861. The Safety Bicycle was invented in 1874. Macmillan'S Machine was invented in 1839. The First Bicycle was invented in 1818.", "based_on_pattern": "(Velocipede)-[invented in year]->(1861) || (Safety Bicycle)-[invented in year]->(1874) || (Macmillan'S Machine)-[invented in year]->(1839) || (First Bicycle)-[invented in year]->(1818)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0929", "coqa_story": "Where did that number come from? Eleven and Twelve The reason behind the change in number naming is that eleven comes from the German term ainlif, which translates to \"one left\". Twelve follows the same rule. It comes from twalif--\"two left\". Why teen is used instead of lif for 13 through 19? There is something sadly lost in history. 911 for US Emergency Calls Early phones didn't use phone numbers--the operator had to connect your call by hand--and this led to the need for an emergency code . But later phone numbers became popular, that changed. In 1967, 911 was chosen as the nationwide emergency call because it was easy to remember and could be quickly dialed on the phone. 26.2 Miles in a Marathon The story began with an ancient Greek soldier carrying message from a battlefield in Marathon to Athens. The modern marathon was born as a flagship event in the first Olympic Games, in 1896, with a distance of about 25 miles (40 km), as long as the distance from Marathon to Athens. But race organizers for the 1908 Olympic Games in London wanted to add something special. The race began at Windsor Castle and ended at White City Stadium, with runners finishing only after passing the royal box. The distance was 26.2 miles (42.1 km). And since 1924 this distance has been kept in marathon. 28 Days in February Before using the Gregorian calendar that we use today, one of the first Roman calendars had only 304 days and ten months (March through December), with six months of 30 days and four of 31 days. The second king of Rome improved the old calendar. He added 50 days for January and February. To make the new months longer, he took one day from each of the 30-day months, making 56 days to divide between January and February (or 28 days each). Later January was given one more day to add up to 355 days a year, but February still had 28 days. That's how it became the shortest month and it stayed that way ever since.", "question": "From which Old English word does the modern number 'Twelve' originate?", "context": "The modern number 'Twelve' originates from the Old English word 'Twalif'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Twelve)-[COMES_FROM]->(Twalif)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0930", "coqa_story": "Back to the Future With the help of a local inventor's time machine, Marty travels back to the 1950s. There his 80s hipness stands out, and he inadvertently interferes with the fledgling romance of his parents-to-be. Can Marty keep them together? He'd better, or his own future will fade away. Featuring: Christopher Lloyd, Michael J.Fox. A universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 55 min. Beethoven's 2nd In this sequel to the popular Beethoven, our canine hero falls for Missy, who soon has puppies. Missy's greedy owner, Regina, who sees only money in the little purebreds, separates mom and pups from Beethoven. His owners rescue the puppies, but Regina still has Missy. Featuring: Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 26 min. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Despite the popularity of his treats, candy maker Willy Wonka shuts himself inside his factory. But then Willy holds a contest, offering five lucky children the chance to see his company. Poor but pleasant Charlie Bucket finds a ticket, as do four less-deserving children. Featuring: Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore. A Warner Bros. Release, 1 hr. 56 min. Cinderella Man Based on actual events, this film follows the life of Jim Braddock, a boxer in New York City during the Great Depression. After a series of losses, Braddock is forced into retirement. But he never gives up his boxing dream, and neither does his manager. Featuring: Russell Crowe, Renee Zellweger. A Universal Pictures release, 2 hr. 14 min. Liar Liar Lawyer Fletcher Reede has never told the truth in his life. Then his son makes a birthday wish that his dad would stop lying for 24 hours. Suddenly, Fletcher's mouth spouts everything he thinks. His compulsion brings disaster to courtroom, where he must defend a client whose case was built on lies. Featuring: Jim Carrey, Justin Cooper. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 25 min.", "question": "Whose life is the movie Cinderella Man based on?", "context": "The movie Cinderella Man is based on the life of Jim Braddock.", "based_on_pattern": "(Cinderella Man)-[BASED_ON_LIFE_OF]->(Jim Braddock)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0931", "coqa_story": "My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF ILNY, its gr8. Can you understand this sentence? If you can't, don't feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet or cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the \"translation\" of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it's great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes cxan be seen in students' writing. They fear the language could become corrupted . Everyone should just relax, say linguists . They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. \"People get better at writing by writing,\" he says, \"Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.\" Linguist James Millroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today's teenagers become tomorrow's parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become \"corrupted\"; they simply change to meet the new needs. However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, \"I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it's important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.\" Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, \"I wouldn't use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun\"", "question": "According to linguist James Millroy, what is something that cannot happen to languages?", "context": "James Millroy argues that languages cannot be corrupted.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Millroy)-[ARGUES_CANNOT_BE_CORRUPTED]->(Languages)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0932", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "Which company did she work for?", "context": "Stephanie Kwolek worked for Dupont Company. Margaret Knight worked for Columbia Paper Bag Company.", "based_on_pattern": "(Stephanie Kwolek)-[worked for]->(Dupont Company) || (Margaret Knight)-[worked for]->(Columbia Paper Bag Company)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0933", "coqa_story": "Going on a road trip? The St. Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty and Golden Gate Bridge are normal tourist sites. But if you prefer offbeat destinations, check out the following road-side attractions. \n\nWorld's Largest Ball of Paint \n\nAlexandria, Ind. \n\nIn 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere. Starting with a baseball as a center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year. The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint, which is recognized by Guinness world Records. Visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history. \n\nThe Museum of Dirt \n\nBoston, Mass. \n\nThe museum is the idea of Glenn Johanson. Labeled glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France. Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap: It's free. \n\nMount Horeb Mustard Museum \n\nMount Horeb, Wis. \n\nIt's heaven for hot dog lovers! This museum claims to have world's largest collection of prepared mustard . Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and Tibet. Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold. The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much, he even puts it on ice cream! \n\nPaper House \n\nRockport, Mass. \n\nSwedish immigrant Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper. At the time, people didn't give much--if any --thought to recycling paper. In fact, \"recycling\" wasn't even a Word yet. The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers of newspaper. In all ,he used about 100,000 newspapers.", "question": "What is one notable landmark from which The Museum of Dirt has a dirt sample?", "context": "The Museum of Dirt has a dirt sample from the Great Wall of China.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Museum Of Dirt)-[HAS_DIRT_FROM]->(Great Wall Of China)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0934", "coqa_story": "Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. \"Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.\" Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. \n\n\"Here in 2012, $252 on average-the technology spend for consumers this year.\" From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. \"It's kind of hard to make a decision.\" \n\nTablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. \n\n\"The hardware inside is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps.\" Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. \"If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most.\" \n\nElman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. \"You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.\" \n\nStreaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. \n\nWith the growing popularity of Internet shopping, many consumers will visit a store first to look at a product, and then go online to find it at a lower price. Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. \n\n\"We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we'll go ahead and price match that for you.\" Elman Chacon said.", "question": "Which social media platform are Smart Cameras capable of uploading content to?", "context": "Smart Cameras can upload content to Facebook.", "based_on_pattern": "(Smart Cameras)-[CAN_UPLOAD_TO]->(Facebook)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0935", "coqa_story": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000. The three richest people in the world possess more financial assets than the lowest 48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the \"10 million dollar millionaires\" grew to nearly $41 trillion in 2008. A January 2014 report by Oxfam claims that the 85 wealthiest individuals in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50% of the world's population, or about 3.5 billion people. According to a Los Angeles Times analysis of the report, the wealthiest 1% owns 46% of the world's wealth; the 85 richest people, a small part of the wealthiest 1%, own about 0.7% of the human population's wealth, which is the same as the bottom half of the population. More recently, in January 2015, Oxfam reported that the wealthiest 1 percent will own more than half of the global wealth by 2016. An October 2014 study by Credit Suisse also claims that the top 1% now own nearly half of the world's wealth and that the accelerating disparity could trigger a recession. In October 2015, Credit Suisse published a study which shows global inequality continues to increase, and that half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile, whose assets each exceed $759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam claims that the 62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth as the poorer half of the global population combined. Oxfam's claims have however been questioned on the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts), the Oxfam report, for instance, finds that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (due to a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable source?][unreliable source?] Anthony Shorrocks, the lead author of the Credit Suisse report which is one of the sources of Oxfam's data, considers the criticism about debt to be a \"silly argument\" and \"a non-issue . . . a diversion.\"", "question": "The financial assets of the three richest people exceed the assets of which group of nations?", "context": "The three richest people have more financial assets than the lowest 48 nations.", "based_on_pattern": "(Three Richest People)-[HAS_MORE_FINANCIAL_ASSETS_THAN]->(Lowest 48 Nations)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0936", "coqa_story": "A vernacular or vernacular language is the native language or native dialect (usually colloquial or informal) of a specific population, especially as distinguished from a literary, national or standard variety of the language, or a lingua franca (also called a vehicular language) used in the region or state inhabited by that population. Some linguists use \"vernacular\" and \"nonstandard dialect\" as synonyms. \n\nThe use of \"vernacular\" is not recent. In 1688, James Howell wrote: \n\nConcerning Italy, doubtless there were divers before the Latin did spread all over that Country; the Calabrian, and Apulian spoke Greek, whereof some Relicks are to be found to this day; but it was an adventitious, no Mother-Language to them: 'tis confess'd that Latium it self, and all the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue; but Tuscany and Liguria had others quite discrepant, viz. the Hetruscane and Mesapian, whereof though there be some Records yet extant; yet there are none alive that can understand them: The Oscan, the Sabin and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. \n\nHere vernacular, mother language and dialect are already in use in a modern sense. According to Merriam-Webster, \"vernacular\" was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from the Latin \"vernaculus\" (\"native\") which had been in figurative use in Classical Latin as \"national\" and \"domestic\", having originally been derived from \"vernus\" and \"verna\", a male or female slave respectively born in the house rather than abroad. The figurative meaning was broadened from the diminutive extended words \"vernaculus, vernacula\". Varro, the classical Latin grammarian, used the term \"vocabula vernacula\", \"termes de la langue nationale\" or \"vocabulary of the national language\" as opposed to foreign words.", "question": "In which region was Latin considered the vernacular language?", "context": "Latin was the vernacular language in the region of Latium.", "based_on_pattern": "(Latin)-[WAS_VERNACULAR_IN]->(Latium)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0937", "coqa_story": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\", and as the group's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s. \n\nThe Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962. They acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\" as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, and by early 1964 became international stars, leading the \"British Invasion\" of the United States pop market. From 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums \"Rubber Soul\" (1965), \"Revolver\" (1966), \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" (1967), \"The Beatles\" (commonly known as the White Album, 1968) and \"Abbey Road\" (1969). After their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the surviving members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001.", "question": "What cultural movement from the 1960s are The Beatles considered an embodiment of?", "context": "The Beatles are considered an embodiment of the Counterculture of the 1960s.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Beatles)-[EMBODIMENT_OF]->(Counterculture Of The 1960S)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0938", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- For much of the world, February 14 is known as a day to celebrate love. \n\nBut in Iran, Valentine's Day has come to mark another occasion as well\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe anniversary of the house arrest of Iran's leading opposition figures Mir Hossein Mousavi, Mehdi Karroubi and Zahra Rahnavard. On February 14, 2011, Iranian authorities placed Mousavi, Karroubi and Rahnavard under house arrest for calling on Iranians to demonstrate in support of the popular Arab uprisings across the region. \n\nAccording to Reuters, earlier this month Karroubi was moved from a Ministry of Intelligence-controlled safe house to his own home. \n\nThe transfer shined new light on the plight of Iran's \"prisoners of rights\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201d those imprisoned for seeking to exercise commonly recognized political, social, religious, economic, and cultural rights, denied to them by the Iranian government. \n\nIn addition to opposition politicians like Mousavi, Karroubi and Rahnavard, Iran's prisoners of rights include lawyers, journalists, professors, students, labor union workers, poets, musicians, artists, dissident clerics, bloggers, ethnic and religious minorities, LGBT persons and even humanitarian aid workers. \n\nCivil rights and human rights activists are also a primary target. Some prisoners of rights, like women's rights and student activist Bahareh Hedayat, have been arrested for holding gatherings to protest laws that discriminate against women. \n\nOthers, like the \"Yaran\"\u00e2\u20ac\u201dthe seven leaders of the Bah\u00c3\u00a1'\u00c3\u00ad religious minority in Iran\u00e2\u20ac\u201dare imprisoned for teaching a faith the Iranian government does not recognize. \n\nStill others, like lawyer Abdolfattah Soltani, are imprisoned for their efforts to assist or seek justice for prisoners of rights. Ironically, before his arrest, Soltani had been preparing a case in defense of the seven Bah\u00c3\u00a1'\u00c3\u00ad leaders. ", "question": "What are they?", "context": "Bahareh Hedayat is a Women'S Rights And Student Activist. Abdolfattah Soltani is a Lawyers.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bahareh Hedayat)-[is a]->(Women'S Rights And Student Activist) || (Abdolfattah Soltani)-[is a]->(Lawyers)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0939", "coqa_story": "WASHINGTON, March 14 (Xinhua) --U.S. President Barack Obama confirmed on Saturday at the White House that China can have confidence in the American economy. \n\n\"Not just the Chinese government, but every investor can have absolute confidence in the _ of investments in the United States,\" Obama said. \n\n\"There is a reason why even in the midst of this economic downfall you have seen actual increases in investment flows here in the U. S.,\"he said. \n\nObama also noted the U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry \"front and center\" at the upcoming Group of 20Summit in London ,ending an argument between the Europe and the United States over whether more focus should be placed on financial regulatory reform. \n\nChinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier Friady he is \"a little bit worried \"about the safety of Chineseassets in the United States ,urging the U. S. government to ensure the security of those assets. \n\nChina has invested its hugeforeign exchangereserves in low-risk but low-yield assets ,such as U. S.government bonds ,to play it safe . According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 681.9 billion U.S. dollars worth of U.S. government bonds as of November. \n\n\"China is indeed the largest creditor of the United States, which is the world' s biggest economy .We are extremely interested in developments in the U. S. economy.\"said Wen, adding that he is expecting the effect of the measures taken by the U.S.government to counter the global financial crisis. \n\nAsked to react to Wen' s concern, Lawrence Summers, director of the U.S. National Economic Council, noted on Friday that the U.S. will be soundsteward of the money it invests. \n\n\"This is a commitment that the president has made very clear--we need to be sound stewards of the money we invest.\"said Summers in a speech at the Brookings Institution, a leading think tank in the united states.", "question": "What was Wen Jiabao worried about in relation to his role as Premier of China?", "context": "Wen Jiabao was worried about Chinese Assets.", "based_on_pattern": "(Wen Jiabao)-[WORRIED_ABOUT]->(Chinese Assets)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0940", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI. \n\nMr. Barbecue-Smith was gone. The motor had whirled him away to the station; a faint smell of burning oil commemorated his recent departure. A considerable detachment had come into the courtyard to speed him on his way; and now they were walking back, round the side of the house, towards the terrace and the garden. They walked in silence; nobody had yet ventured to comment on the departed guest. \n\n\"Well?\" said Anne at last, turning with raised inquiring eyebrows to Denis. \n\n\"Well?\" It was time for someone to begin. \n\nDenis declined the invitation; he passed it on to Mr Scogan. \"Well?\" he said. \n\nMr. Scogan did not respond; he only repeated the question, \"Well?\" \n\nIt was left for Henry Wimbush to make a pronouncement. \"A very agreeable adjunct to the week-end,\" he said. His tone was obituary. \n\nThey had descended, without paying much attention where they were going, the steep yew-walk that went down, under the flank of the terrace, to the pool. The house towered above them, immensely tall, with the whole height of the built-up terrace added to its own seventy feet of brick facade. The perpendicular lines of the three towers soared up, uninterrupted, enhancing the impression of height until it became overwhelming. They paused at the edge of the pool to look back. \n\n\"The man who built this house knew his business,\" said Denis. \"He was an architect.\" \n\n\"Was he?\" said Henry Wimbush reflectively. \"I doubt it. The builder of this house was Sir Ferdinando Lapith, who flourished during the reign of Elizabeth. He inherited the estate from his father, to whom it had been granted at the time of the dissolution of the monasteries; for Crome was originally a cloister of monks and this swimming-pool their fish-pond. Sir Ferdinando was not content merely to adapt the old monastic buildings to his own purposes; but using them as a stone quarry for his barns and byres and outhouses, he built for himself a grand new house of brick--the house you see now.\" ", "question": "What was it originally?", "context": "Crome was originally a Monastery. The Swimming-Pool was originally a Fish-Pond.", "based_on_pattern": "(Crome)-[was originally]->(Monastery) || (Swimming-Pool)-[was originally]->(Fish-Pond)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0941", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER 71 \n\nThe terrace of the Villa Catalano, with its orange and palm trees, looked upon a sea of lapiz lazuli, and rose from a shelving shore of aloes and arbutus. The waters reflected the color of the sky, and all the foliage wag bedewed with the same violet light of morn which bathed the softness of the distant mountains, and the undulating beauty of the ever-varying coast. \n\nLothair was walking on the terrace, his favorite walk, for it was the duly occasion on which he ever found himself alone. Not that he had any reason to complain of his companions. More complete ones could scarcely be selected. Travel, which, they say, tries all tempers, had only proved the engaging equanimity of Catesby, and had never disturbed the amiable repose of his brother priest: and then they were so entertaining and so instructive, as well as handy and experienced in all common things. The monsignore had so much taste and feeling, and various knowledge; and as for the reverend father, all the antiquaries they daily encountered were mere children in his hands, who, without effort, could explain and illustrate every scene and object, and spoke as if he had never given a thought to any other theme than Sicily and Syracuse, the expedition of Nicias, and the adventures of Agathocles. And yet, during all their travels, Lothair felt that he never was alone. This was remarkable at the great cities, such as Messina and Palermo, but it was a prevalent habit in less-frequented places. There was a petty town near them, which he had never visited alone, although he had made more than one attempt with that view; and it was only on the terrace in the early morn, a spot whence he could be observed from the villa, and which did not easily communicate with the precipitous and surrounding scenery, that Lothair would indulge that habit of introspection which he had pursued through many a long ride, and which to him was a never-failing source of interest and even excitement. ", "question": "What did he participate in?", "context": "Nicias participated in Expedition Of Nicias. Agathocles participated in Adventures Of Agathocles.", "based_on_pattern": "(Nicias)-[participated in]->(Expedition Of Nicias) || (Agathocles)-[participated in]->(Adventures Of Agathocles)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0942", "coqa_story": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u00e2\u20ac\u201c60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350\u00e2\u20ac\u201c375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century. \n\nThe plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338\u00e2\u20ac\u201c39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.", "question": "Along which major trade route did the Black Death travel?", "context": "The Black Death travelled along the Silk Road.", "based_on_pattern": "(Black Death)-[TRAVELLED_ALONG]->(Silk Road)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0943", "coqa_story": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Previously known as simply \"George Bush\", since 2001, Bush has often been referred to as \"George H. W. Bush\", \"Bush 41\", \"Bush the Elder\", or \"George Bush Senior\" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. \n\nBush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday, and became the youngest aviator in the U.S. Navy at the time. He served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, becoming a millionaire by the age of 40. Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, and he won election to the House of Representatives in 1966. In 1971, President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as Ambassador to the United Nations, and in 1973, Bush became the Chairman of the Republican National Committee. The following year, President Gerald Ford appointed Bush as the ambassador to the People's Republic of China, and later reassigned Bush to the position of Director of Central Intelligence. Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican primary by Ronald Reagan. Reagan chose Bush as his running mate, and Bush became vice president after the Reagan\u00e2\u20ac\u201cBush ticket won the 1980 election. During his eight-year tenure as vice president, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation and fighting the \"War on Drugs\".", "question": "Besides his political career, what business did George Herbert Walker Bush work in?", "context": "George Herbert Walker Bush worked in the Oil Business.", "based_on_pattern": "(George Herbert Walker Bush)-[WORKED_IN]->(Oil Business)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0944", "coqa_story": "UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. \n\nThe UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, is heir to the oldest protein sequence database, Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, first published in 1965. In 2002, EBI, SIB, and PIR joined forces as the UniProt consortium. \n\nEach consortium member is heavily involved in protein database maintenance and annotation. Until recently, EBI and SIB together produced the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, while PIR produced the Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). These databases coexisted with differing protein sequence coverage and annotation priorities. \n\nSwiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and subsequently developed by Rolf Apweiler at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Swiss-Prot aimed to provide reliable protein sequences associated with a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recognizing that sequence data were being generated at a pace exceeding Swiss-Prot's ability to keep up, TrEMBL (Translated EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library) was created to provide automated annotations for those proteins not in Swiss-Prot. Meanwhile, PIR maintained the PIR-PSD and related databases, including iProClass, a database of protein sequences and curated families.", "question": "Who created it?", "context": "Margaret Dayhoff'S Atlas Of Protein Sequence And Structure was created by Margaret Dayhoff. Swiss-Prot was created by Amos Bairoch.", "based_on_pattern": "(Margaret Dayhoff'S Atlas Of Protein Sequence And Structure)-[created by]->(Margaret Dayhoff) || (Swiss-Prot)-[created by]->(Amos Bairoch)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0945", "coqa_story": "Istanbul (CNN) -- A Turkish prosecutor has openly accused police of interfering with a high-level corruption investigation. \n\n\"Court orders have not been carried out and there has been open pressure on the judicial process from both the chief prosecutor's office and from the police force, which is supposed to carry out the decisions of the courts,\" Muammer Akkas said in a Thursday statement. \n\nHe spoke one day after three Cabinet ministers resigned their posts, after their sons were arrested or temporarily detained in an anti-graft sting, semiofficial news agency Anadolu reported. \n\nOne of them, Urbanization and Environment Minister Erdogan Bayraktar, went further than the other two, not just resigning his Cabinet position but also calling on Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan to step down. \n\nTurkish media reported a possible second wave of detentions as imminent late Wednesday, but the raids did not materialize. \n\nInstead, an apparent deadlock within the judiciary emerged as Akkas, the prosecutor, issued his statement saying the judiciary was under the heel of the government. \n\nAkkas accused police and prosecutors of ignoring a decision of the courts by refusing to carry out more raids. \n\nIn a televised statement, Chief Istanbul Prosecutor Turan Colakkadi fired back, saying that Akkas had mishandled the investigation and leaked information to the press, leading to his removal from the case. \n\nEconomy Minister Zafer Caglayan and Interior Minister Muammer Guler, whose sons were also arrested in the investigation, also resigned Wednesday. Erdogan accepted the resignations, Anadolu reported. \n\nThe sons were detained in a roundup that included the head of a public bank, several bureaucrats and high-profile businessmen. The roundup came after a two-year investigation by the Istanbul Prosecutor's Office into allegations of corruption including money laundering, gold smuggling and bribery. ", "question": "Who did Erdogan Bayraktar call on to resign?", "context": "Erdogan Bayraktar called for the resignation of Recep Tayyip Erdogan.", "based_on_pattern": "(Erdogan Bayraktar)-[CALLED_FOR_RESIGNATION_OF]->(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0946", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What position does Monica Inzer hold at Hamilton College?", "context": "Monica Inzer is the Dean of Admission and Financial Aid at Hamilton College.", "based_on_pattern": "(Monica Inzer)-[DEAN_OF_ADMISSION_AND_FINANCIAL_AID_AT]->(Hamilton College)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0947", "coqa_story": "NEW YORK (CNN) -- An oil painting was returned Tuesday to the estate of a Jewish art dealer who was forced to consign the painting and other artwork under Nazi Germany before fleeing the country. \n\n\"Portrait of a Musician Playing a Bagpipe\" was done in 1632 by an unknown artist. \n\nThe painting, \"Portrait of a Musician Playing a Bagpipe,\" was done in 1632 by an unknown painter from the Northern Netherlandish school, according to a statement from the U.S. attorney's office in southern New York. \n\nIt was owned by Max Stern, an art dealer who had a gallery in Dusseldorf, Germany, until 1937, when the Nazis' Reich Chamber for Fine Arts ordered him to liquidate the gallery and its inventory, the statement said. \n\nStern, who died in 1987, left no heirs. He and his wife had founded the Max Stern Art Restitution Project, which directly benefits Concordia University and McGill University in Montreal, Canada, and Hebrew University in Jerusalem, according to a statement from U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement. \n\nThe painting was returned Tuesday -- Holocaust Remembrance Day -- to Clarence Epstein of Concordia University on behalf of the executors of the estate, said Lou Martinez of the immigration agency. \n\nIt was returned in a ceremony at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York, he said. \n\nThe painting had been owned by Philip Mould Ltd., a London, England, gallery, when Lawrence Steigrad, a New York art dealer, bought it in 2008, the New York attorney's office said. \n\nNeither had any idea of the painting's past. Philip Mould Ltd. had purchased the painting the year before from Lempertz Auction House. The same auction house sold the painting in 1937 after Stern was forced to liquidate, without receiving any proceeds from the sale, the New York attorney's office said. ", "question": "Where does he work?", "context": "Clarence Epstein works for Concordia University. Lou Martinez works for U.S Immigration And Customs Enforcement.", "based_on_pattern": "(Clarence Epstein)-[works for]->(Concordia University) || (Lou Martinez)-[works for]->(U.S Immigration And Customs Enforcement)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0948", "coqa_story": "The Canadian Hot 100 is a music industry record chart in Canada for singles, published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated June 16, 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada; a new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"Billboard\" on Tuesdays. \n\nThe chart is similar to \"Billboard\"s US-based Hot 100 in that it combines physical and digital sales as measured by Nielsen SoundScan, streaming activity data provided by online music sources, and radio airplay as measured by Nielsen BDS. Canada's airplay chart is the result of monitoring more than 100 stations representing rock, country, adult contemporary and Top 40 genres. \n\nThe first number-one song of the Canadian Hot 100 was \"Umbrella\" by Rihanna featuring Jay-Z on June 16, 2007. As of the issue for the week ending October 7, 2017, the Canadian Hot 100 has had 117 different number-one hits. The current number-one is \"Rockstar\" by Post Malone featuring 21 Savage. \n\nThe chart was made available for the first time via \"Billboard\" online services on June 7, 2007 (issue dated June 16, 2007). With this launch, it marked the first time that \"Billboard\" created a Hot 100 chart for a country outside the United States. \"Billboard\" charts manager Geoff Mayfield announced the premiere of the chart, explaining \"the new \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 will serve as the definitive measure of Canada's most popular songs, continuing our magazine's longstanding tradition of using the most comprehensive resources available to provide the world's most authoritative music charts.\" The \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 is managed by Paul Tuch, director of Canadian operations for Nielsen BDS, in consultation with Silvio Pietroluongo, \"Billboard\"s associate director of charts and manager of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "question": "Who does it feature?", "context": "Umbrella features Jay-Z. Rockstar features 21 Savage.", "based_on_pattern": "(Umbrella)-[features]->(Jay-Z) || (Rockstar)-[features]->(21 Savage)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0949", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Henry Joseph Madden was a good student and track team member in high school, but he had a secret: He sometimes wore his mother's pantyhose and underwear under his clothes. \n\nDr. Jennifer Madden, a family physician, began her transition to being female at age 48. \n\n\"I really wanted to be a girl so bad, and that was one way for me to satisfy those feelings,\" Madden said. \"I always felt like someone was looking over my shoulder.\" \n\nThe desire to be female never went away. At age 48, Madden confessed these feelings to a doctor, and started seeing a gender therapist who suggested Madden was transgendered. \n\nThrough reconstructive surgeries, electrolysis, laser procedures and voice lessons, Henry Joseph became Jennifer Elizabeth, known as Jenny. She is a practicing family physician in Nashua, New Hampshire. Watch Jenny's story \u00c2\u00bb \n\nChastity Bono, child of performer Cher and the late entertainer and politician Sonny Bono, announced Thursday the beginning of a transition from female to a male. \n\nWhile still relatively rare -- one advocate estimates that 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the American population is transgendered -- the idea of changing gender identity has become more widespread in recent years. The term \"LGBT\" (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) is more commonly recognized, and transgendered people have been portrayed in the 1999 film \"Boys Don't Cry\" as well as the 2002 book \"Middlesex\" by Jeffrey Eugenides. \n\nMany people who have transitioned, including Madden, say they knew they had been born into the wrong gender from childhood. As early as age 3, Dr. Julie Praus, born male, didn't understand why her father wanted to play catch. As a boy, Praus learned how to fish and hunt, but enjoyed collecting Depression-era glassware vases. Praus, 48, a psychiatrist in Brattleboro, Vermont, started living as a woman in March 2008. ", "question": "Where is she located?", "context": "Jennifer Madden is located in Nashua, New Hampshire. Julie Praus is located in Brattleboro, Vermont.", "based_on_pattern": "(Jennifer Madden)-[located in]->(Nashua, New Hampshire) || (Julie Praus)-[located in]->(Brattleboro, Vermont)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0950", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER II: The Jacobite Agent. \n\nSo twelve years passed. Ronald Leslie grew up a sturdy lad, full of fun and mischief in spite of the sober atmosphere of the bailie's house; and neither flogging at school nor lecturing at home appeared to have the slightest effect in reducing him to that state of sober tranquillity which was in Mrs. Anderson's eyes the thing to be most desired in boys. Andrew was less deeply shocked than his wife at the discovery of Ronald's various delinquencies, but his sense of order and punctuality was constantly outraged. He was, however, really fond of the lad; and even Mrs. Anderson, greatly as the boy's ways constantly disturbed and ruffled her, was at heart as fond of him as was her husband. She considered, and not altogether wrongly, that his wilderness, as she called it, was in no slight degree due to his association with her husband's brother. \n\nRonald looked forward to the periodical visits of the drover with intense longing. He was sure of a sympathetic listener in Malcolm, who listened with approval to the tales of the various scrapes into which he had got since his last visit; of how, instead of going to school, he had played truant and with another boy his own age had embarked in a fisherman's boat and gone down the river and had not been able to get back until next day; how he had played tricks upon his dominie, and had conquered in single combat the son of Councillor Duff, the butcher, who had spoken scoffing words at the Stuarts. Malcolm was, in fact, delighted to find, that in spite of repression and lectures his young charge was growing up a lad of spirit. He still hoped that some day Leslie might return, and he knew how horrified he would be were he to find that his son was becoming a smug and well conducted citizen. No small portion of his time on each of his visits to Glasgow Malcolm spent in training the boy in the use of arms. ", "question": "Who did Ronald Leslie conquer in single combat?", "context": "Ronald Leslie conquered the Son Of Councillor Duff in single combat.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ronald Leslie)-[CONQUERED_IN_SINGLE_COMBAT]->(Son Of Councillor Duff)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0951", "coqa_story": "Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" (also called Mick), played by Paul Hogan, is the main character in the fictional Crocodile Dundee film series consisting of Crocodile Dundee, Crocodile Dundee II, and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles. The character is a crocodile hunter, hence the nickname. \n\nIn the first film, Crocodile Dundee, Mick is visited by a New York reporter, Sue Charlton, who travels to Australia to investigate a report she heard of a crocodile hunter, who had his leg bitten off by a crocodile in the outback. The hunter supposedly walked more than a hundred miles back to civilization and miraculously survived his injuries. However, by the time she meets him, the story turns out to be a somewhat exaggerated legend where the \"bitten-off leg\" turns out to be just being some bad scarring on his leg; a \"love bite\" as Mick calls it. Still _ by the idea of \"Crocodile Dundee\", Sue continues with the story. They travel together out to where the incident occurred, and follow his route through the bush to the nearest hospital. Despite his old-fashioned views, the pair eventually become close, especially after Mick saves Sue from a crocodile attack. \n\nFeeling there is still more to the story, Sue invites Mick back to New York with her, as his first trip to a city (or \"first trip anywhere,\" as Dundee says). The rest of the film depicts Dundee as a \"fish out of water,\" showing how, despite his expert knowledge of living outdoors, he knows little of city life. Mick meets Sue's boyfriend, Richard, but they do not get along. By the end of the film, Mick is on his way home, lovesick, when Sue realizes she loves Mick, too, and not Richard. She runs to the subway station to stop Mick from leaving and, by passing on messages through the packed-to-the-gills crowd, she tells him she won't marry Richard, and she loves him instead. With the help of the other people in the subway, Mick and Sue have a loving reunion as the film ends.", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Sue Charlton has the occupation of Reporter. Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\" has the occupation of Crocodile Hunter.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sue Charlton)-[has occupation]->(Reporter) || (Michael J. \"Crocodile Dundee\")-[has occupation]->(Crocodile Hunter)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0952", "coqa_story": "UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. \n\nThe UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, is heir to the oldest protein sequence database, Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, first published in 1965. In 2002, EBI, SIB, and PIR joined forces as the UniProt consortium. \n\nEach consortium member is heavily involved in protein database maintenance and annotation. Until recently, EBI and SIB together produced the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, while PIR produced the Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). These databases coexisted with differing protein sequence coverage and annotation priorities. \n\nSwiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and subsequently developed by Rolf Apweiler at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Swiss-Prot aimed to provide reliable protein sequences associated with a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recognizing that sequence data were being generated at a pace exceeding Swiss-Prot's ability to keep up, TrEMBL (Translated EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library) was created to provide automated annotations for those proteins not in Swiss-Prot. Meanwhile, PIR maintained the PIR-PSD and related databases, including iProClass, a database of protein sequences and curated families.", "question": "Which institution is Rolf Apweiler affiliated with?", "context": "Rolf Apweiler is affiliated with the European Bioinformatics Institute.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rolf Apweiler)-[AFFILIATED_WITH]->(European Bioinformatics Institute)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0953", "coqa_story": "Wide awake in Aunt Bet's Southern house, Annie Van Lew shivered at the sounds of distant guns. It was bad enough that America was at war, but the young Virginia girl was not used to battles being fought this close. _ .Annie sat up in bed and listened.Had a stranger broken in? Earlier, the family had heard that captured officers recently escaped from a prison nearby. \n\nQuietly opening her bedroom door, Annie walked out. A figure in a black gown was walking down the hall. It was Aunt Bet, carrying a candle in one hand and a plate of fried chicken in the other. \n\nAnnie followed her aunt to a stairway at the far end of the house. Aunt Bet climbed to the top, and opened a door leading to the attic . Annie followed closely behind. \n\nIn the attic, Aunt Bet stopped at a chest of drawers, moved it aside, and felt along the wall behind it. Slowly a door sprang open, revealing a hidden room. A thin man stepped out of the opening. As Aunt Bet handed him the plate of food, the young man saw Annie in the doorway and froze. \n\nDesperately shaking her head \"no\", the girl raised one finger to her lips. The officer understood and shifted his look. Quickly Annie went back downstairs and hid, waiting until after Aunt Bet left to return. Back inside the attic,Annie called softly to the man inside, who told her where to find the hidden spring. \n\nSoon the young officer stood in the open doorway. A small candle burned on a table behind him and, in its soft light, Annie studied his face. Clear eyes reflected the calm of one who faced death bravely. \n\nSmiling, he said,\"What trouble you should have gotten into if your aunt had turned around!\" That night, Annie learned Aunt Bet was one of many daring Southerners whose hatred of slavery drove them to risk their lives by spying for the North. The girl chatted as she dared, wishing her new friend luck when he said he would leave at dawn. \n\nBack in her room, Annie felt proud and was determined to guard her family's secret to the end.", "question": "According to the provided information, who is the niece of Aunt Bet?", "context": "Annie Van Lew is the niece of Aunt Bet.", "based_on_pattern": "(Annie Van Lew)-[NIECE_OF]->(Aunt Bet)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0954", "coqa_story": "Washington (CNN) -- The Virginia governor's race has often been looked to as an off-year barometer of national political sentiment. \n\nThis year's grind-it-out race, an acrimonious spitball contest between two candidates only slightly more likeable than Walter White, is anything but. \n\nIn a lesser-of-two-evils campaign, Terry McAuliffe, the longtime Democratic fundraiser and confidante to former President Bill Clinton, is clinging to a modest but sturdy lead over Republican Ken Cuccinelli, the state's attorney general. \n\nRepublicans have pilloried McAuliffe as a sleazy political operator and failed businessman who exploited his Washington connections to help his sputtering car company, GreenTech Automotive. Cuccinelli has been targeted as a far-right social crusader who would curb abortion rights and access to contraception. Democrats on Twitter are fond of calling him #creepyken. \n\nMcAuliffe is leading Cuccinelli among likely voters by an eight-point margin, 47% to 39%, according to a Washington Post poll out this week. \n\nMcAuliffe is hardly bulletproof: A federal investigation into GreenTech has sullied his reputation, and only two-thirds of Democrats -- his own party -- consider him \"honest and trustworthy.\" \n\nBut Cuccinelli is on much shakier ground. While Republicans are slightly more fired up about voting for him than Democrats are for McAuliffe, Cuccinelli's favorable ratings are next-to-toxic: More than half of likely voters view him unfavorably. \n\nEnter Robert Sarvis. \n\nAs public dismay with the two main candidates calcifies, the baby-faced 37-year old Libertarian candidate from Fairfax has quietly crept northward in the polls, reaching 10% in the Post poll. \n\nThat's not nearly enough to win in November -- with just five weeks until Election Day, even Sarvis admits \"we have to get a lot higher\" -- but he looks increasingly likely to play the role of spoiler by siphoning conservative votes away from Cuccinelli. ", "question": "He is a member of which political party?", "context": "Terry Mcauliffe is a member of the Democratic Party. Ken Cuccinelli is a member of the Republican Party. Robert Sarvis is a member of the Libertarian Party.", "based_on_pattern": "(Terry Mcauliffe)-[member of]->(Democratic Party) || (Ken Cuccinelli)-[member of]->(Republican Party) || (Robert Sarvis)-[member of]->(Libertarian Party)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0955", "coqa_story": "\"It's this time of year when the weather starts warming up and frogs start breeding - but they haven't been breeding,\" says John Wilkinson, research and monitoring officer at the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust (ARC). \n\nAmphibians are just one of the groups of animals that nature observers fear may have problems reproducing this year, as groundwater levels are even lower now than in the infamously dry summer of 1976, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). According to the UK's Centre for Hydrology and Ecology the average rainfall so far this winter has been the lowest since 1972. \n\n\"If ponds dry up totally,\" says Mr. Wilkinson, \"you could have lots of dead tadpoles.\" Drier and windier conditions could also make it more difficult for juvenile amphibians to survive their journeys between wet habitats. \n\nBut Peter Brotherton, the biodiversity manager for Natural England, says that \"drought is part of nature's cycle\", and, at present, a lot of animals, plants and insects are still in hibernation. This means that the population picture is unclear. \"However, when we get extreme events, we get animals dying,\" he says. \"And what is worrying is that normally at this time of year we expect soil to be near saturation after winter.\" \n\nCharlie Kitchin, the RSPB's site manager of the Nene Washes in Cambridgeshire, says the 2,000-acre wetland and grassland area is now struggling following two winters with relatively little winter rain and no flooding. One species that could suffer, he says, is the black-tailed godwit . \"There are only 50 breeding pairs in the country, and we have 40 of them, and everything is bone-dry,\" Mr Kitchin says. \n\nBut one bad nesting season, he says, is \"not the end of the world\". \"One of the features of flood plains is that they're _ anyway,\" he adds. \"But if they fail to breed another year, the population is likely to dip again.\"", "question": "Tadpoles are the juvenile form of what class of animal?", "context": "Tadpoles are the juvenile form of amphibians.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tadpoles)-[IS_JUVENILE_FORM_OF]->(Amphibians)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0956", "coqa_story": "(EW.com ) -- Back in 1977, Ron Howard made his directorial debut with a low-budget, high-octane car-crash comedy called \"Grand Theft Auto.\" \n\nAs first impressions go, it did not signal the second coming of Orson Welles. But the freckle-faced former \"Happy Days\" star radiated an infectious delight in smashing as many roaring muscle cars as he could get away with. \n\nSince then, of course, Howard has become one of Hollywood's most consistent and respected filmmakers, crafting well-made crowd-pleasers that tackle more highbrow subjects. But judging from his white-knuckle new film, \"Rush,\" he hasn't outgrown his youthful sweet tooth for four-wheeled mayhem. He still has hot rods and the death-defying men who drive them on his mind. \n\nBased on the real-life rivalry between Formula One racing legends James Hunt and Niki Lauda, \"Rush\" is a tale of two opposite personalities eyeing the same checkered-flag goal: winning the 1976 world championship. Chris Hemsworth draws the flashier role in Hunt, a fast-burning British bad boy with flowing blond locks, silk shirts unbuttoned to his navel, and a rakish playboy swagger. \n\nOn and off the track, he's wild, cocky, and undisciplined \u00e2\u20ac\u201d a deadly combination when you're strapped into a coffin on wheels going 170 miles an hour. ''The closer you are to death, the more alive you feel,'' Hemsworth's Hunt says. And it's thanks to the \"Thor\" star's champagne-spraying charisma that he makes risking your neck look like the coolest job on the planet. \n\nAs Lauda, \"Inglourious Basterds'\" Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl buries his boyish good looks behind ratlike prosthetic teeth. With his clipped Austrian accent, everything that comes out of his mouth sounds like a brusque insult. And it usually is. He may not be a particularly likable fellow, but he's a methodical grinder with the unshakable conviction of someone who's calculated the odds on what it takes to win. Pitted against each other, they're like Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. It's not just about beating the other guy, it's about humiliating him in the process. ", "question": "What did he star in?", "context": "Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl starred in Inglourious Basterds. Ron Howard starred in Happy Days. Chris Hemsworth starred in Thor.", "based_on_pattern": "(Daniel Br\u00c3\u00bchl)-[starred in]->(Inglourious Basterds) || (Ron Howard)-[starred in]->(Happy Days) || (Chris Hemsworth)-[starred in]->(Thor)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0957", "coqa_story": "ISO 639-5:2008 \"Codes for the representation of names of languages\u00e2\u20ac\u201dPart 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups\" is a highly incomplete international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2, and first published on May 15, 2008. It is part of the ISO 639 series of standards. \n\nISO 639-5 defines \"alpha-3\" (3-letter) codes, called \"collective codes,\" that identify language families and groups. As of August 29, 2008 update to ISO 639-5, the standard defined 114 collective codes. The United States Library of Congress maintains the list of Alpha-3 codes that comprise ISO 639-5. \n\nThe standard does not cover all language families used by linguists. The languages covered by a group code need not be linguistically related, but may have a geographic relation, or category relation (such as \"Creoles\"). \n\nSome of the codes in ISO 639-5 codes are also found in the ISO 639-2 \"Alpha-3 code\" standard. ISO 639-2 contains codes for some individual languages, some ISO 639 macrolanguage codes, and some collective codes; any code found in ISO 639-2 is also found in either ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5. \n\nLanguages, families, or group codes in ISO 639-2 can be of type \"group\" (\"g\") or \"remainder group\" (\"r\"). A \"group\" consists of several related languages; a \"remainder group\" is a group of several related languages from which some specific languages have been excluded. However, in ISO 639-5, the \"remainder groups\" do \"not\" exclude any languages. Because ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5 use the same Alpha-3 codes, but do not always refer to the same list of languages for any given code, the languages an Alpha-3 code refers to can't be determined unless it is known whether the code is used in the context of ISO 639-2 or ISO 639-5. The committee draft of ISO 639-5 was issued on February 23, 2005. Voting on the draft terminated on July 5, 2005; the draft was approved.", "question": "Which specific committee was responsible for developing the ISO 639-5:2008 standard?", "context": "The ISO 639-5:2008 standard was developed by ISO Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2.", "based_on_pattern": "(Iso 639-5:2008)-[DEVELOPED_BY]->(Iso Technical Committee 37, Subcommittee 2)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0958", "coqa_story": "Pacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping . And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in -- and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. That's why slight differences in conversational style -- tiny little things like microseconds of pause -- can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this cause was a judgment of psychological problems -- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for _ training.", "question": "With whom did Sara have a conversational style conflict?", "context": "Sara had a conversational style conflict with Betty.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sara)-[HAS_CONVERSATIONAL_STYLE_CONFLICT_WITH]->(Betty)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0959", "coqa_story": "With America's national debt continuing to climb, Congress is constantly debating ways to save money. The Dollar Coin Alliance, a lobbying group, says billions could be saved if dollar coins were used instead of paper bills. But many people won't use them. The U.S. government tried to push dollar coins again in recent years, but then suspended almost all production in 2011. American likes paper dollars, but Jim Kolbe, co-chairman of the Dollar Coin Alliance, thinks switching to the coin is worth it. \"The coin does cost more to produce, roughly on the neighborhood of 17 cents versus the 5 or 6 cents that a paper dollar costs to produce,\" he said. \"However, the coin lasts 35 years, and it's made of mostly recycled metals, and the paper has to be produced from new materials, and we shred 3 billion of those every year because they wear out.\" For years, the former Arizona congressman has been pushing legislation that would prop up the dollar coin by phasing out the greenback -- a move that has met resistance from both politicians and the public. But today, he said, _ and a recent poll indicates 61 percent of Americans like the idea. \"When they learn of the savings that can be involved with this, they will support the idea of substituting the coin for the paper dollar,\" he said. Major savings Kolbe points to a study by the Government Accountability Office, which investigates how the government spends taxpayer dollars. The GAO estimates taxpayers would save more than $4 billion over 30 years, and that figure could be much higher. That appeals to taxpayer Christy Thompson, who said, \"I'd probably say, yes, we need to do it.\" But plenty of people aren't convinced, including Kim Doering of Alexandria, Virginia. \"It's easier to carry the paper bill than a bunch of coins. They're louder; they're heavier in your pocket,\" she said. Washington, D.C. restaurant owner Sue Fouladi doesn't like the idea of having more dollar coins in her cash register. \"It's very inconvenient,\" she said. \"If I don't have a choice, then I'll do it, but I'll be a very unhappy person.\" Adding to the problem is that the gold- and silver-colored metal coins are about the same size as the 25-cent quarter. Robert Blecker, an economics professor at American University in Washington, says the dollar coins should be a different size and thickness. \"And if we can design a dollar coin that's not so big and bulky, probably Americans would like it better,\" he added. But that doesn't bother college student Emily Sturgill. \"Sometimes they fit into your pocket easily and you don't have to worry about them slipping out, like a dollar bill would if you brought your keys or your phone out,\" she said.", "question": "What is it made of?", "context": "The Dollar Coin is made of Recycled Metals. The Paper Bill is made of New Materials.", "based_on_pattern": "(Dollar Coin)-[made of]->(Recycled Metals) || (Paper Bill)-[made of]->(New Materials)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0960", "coqa_story": "\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"I saw Rufus Johnson yesterday. Do you know what he was doing?\" The child looked at him with a kind of half attention, his eyes forward but not yet engaged. They were a paler blue than his father's as if they might have faded like the shirt; one of them listed, almost imperceptibly , toward the outer rim. \n\n\"He was in a path,\" Sheppard said, \"and he had his hand in a garbage can. He was trying to get something to eat out of it.\" He paused to let this soak in. \"He was hungry,\" he finished, and tried to pierce the child's conscience with his gaze. \n\nThe boy picked up the piece of chocolate cake and began to bite it from one corner. \n\n\"Norton,\" Sheppard said, \"do you have any idea what it means to share?\" \n\nA flicker of attention. \"Some of it is yours,\" Norton said. \n\n\"Some of it is his,\" Sheppard said heavily. It was hopeless. Almost any fault would have been preferable to selfishness--a violent temper, even a tendency to lie. \n\nThe child turned the bottle of tomato sauce upside-down and began thumping sauce onto the cake. \n\nSheppard's look of pain increased. \"You are ten and Rufus Johnson is fourteen,\" he said. \"Yet, I'm sure your shirts would fit Rufus.\" Rufus Johnson was a boy whom he had been trying to help at the reformatory for the past year. He had been released two months ago. \"When he was in the reformatory, he looked pretty good, but when I saw him yesterday, he was skin and bones. He hasn't been eating cake with peanut butter on it for breakfast.\" \n\nThe child paused. \"It's not fresh,\" he said. \"That's why I have to put stuff on it.\" \n\nSheppard turned his face to the window at the end of the bar. The side lawn, green and even, sloped fifty feet or so down to a small suburban wood. When his wife was living, they had often eaten outside, even breakfast on the grass. He had never noticed then that the child was selfish. ks5u \n\n\"Listen to me,\" he said, turning back to him, \"look at me and listen.\" \n\nThe boy looked at him. At least his eyes were forward. \n\n\"I gave Rufus a key to the house when he left the reformatory---to show my confidence in him and so he would have a place he could come to and feel welcome any time. He didn't use it, but I think he'll use it now because he's seen me and he's hungry. And if he doesn't use it, I'm going out and find him and bring him here. I can't see a child eating out of garbage cans.\" \n\nThe boy frowned. It was dawning upon him that something of his was threatened. \n\nSheppard's mouth stretched in disgust. \"Rufus's father died before he was born,\" he said. \"His mother is in the state penitentiary . He was raised by his grandfather in a shack without water or electricity and the old man beat him every day. How would you like to belong to a family like that?\" \n\n\"I don't know\" the child said lamely. \n\n\"Well, you might think about it sometime,\" Sheppard said. \n\nSheppard was City Recreational Director. On Saturday he worked at the reformatory as a counselor, receiving nothing for it but the satisfaction of knowing he was helping boys no one else cared about. Johnson was the most intelligent boy he had worked with. \n\nNorton turned what was left of the cake over as if he no longer wanted it. \n\n\"You started that, now finish it,\" Sheppard said. \n\n\"Maybe he won't come,\" the child said and his eyes brightened slightly.", "question": "Who was responsible for raising Rufus Johnson?", "context": "Rufus Johnson was raised by his grandfather.", "based_on_pattern": "(Rufus Johnson)-[WAS_RAISED_BY]->(Rufus Johnson'S Grandfather)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0961", "coqa_story": "Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. \n\nPerhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Amp\u00c3\u00a8re's force law, was discovered later by Andr\u00c3\u00a9-Marie Amp\u00c3\u00a8re in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.", "question": "What kind of energy did Michael Faraday demonstrate the conversion of?", "context": "Michael Faraday demonstrated the conversion of electrical energy.", "based_on_pattern": "(Michael Faraday)-[DEMONSTRATED_CONVERSION_OF]->(Electrical Energy)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0962", "coqa_story": "Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. It was founded by Sime Silverman in New York in 1905 as a weekly; in 1933 it added Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry; in 1998 it brought out Daily Variety Gotham, based in New York. Variety.com features breaking entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and more, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19, 2013. \"Variety\" originally reported on theater and vaudeville. \n\n\"Variety\" has been published since December 16, 1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City. \n\nOn January 19, 1907, \"Variety\" published what is considered the first film review in history. \n\nIn 1933, Sime Silverman launched \"Daily Variety\", based in Hollywood. \n\nSime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the \"Weekly Variety\" to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931; he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman (1901\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1950), known as \"Skigie\", succeeded him as publisher of both publications. Both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon (1905\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1942), died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman (1932-2017), was the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syd's legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956. After that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the \"Weekly Variety\" in New York and the \"Daily Variety\" in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L.A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Sidne Silverman is the son of Sime Silverman. Syd Silverman is the son of Sidne Silverman.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sidne Silverman)-[son of]->(Sime Silverman) || (Syd Silverman)-[son of]->(Sidne Silverman)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0963", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XX. \n\nTHE FIRST EASTERN WAR. \n\n215-183. \n\nScipio remained in Africa till he had arranged matters and won such a claim to Massinissa's gratitude that this king of Numidia was sure to watch over the interests of Rome. Scipio then returned home, and entered Rome with a grand triumph, all the nobler for himself that he did not lead Hannibal in his chains. He had been too generous to demand that so brave an enemy should be delivered up to him. He received the surname of Africanus, and was one of the most respected and beloved of Romans. He was the first who began to take up Greek learning and culture, and to exchange the old Roman ruggedness for the graces of philosophy and poetry. Indeed the Romans were beginning to have much to do with the Greeks, and the war they entered upon now was the first for the sake of spreading their own power. All the former ones had been in self-defence, and the new one did in fact spring out of the Punic war, for the Carthaginians had tried to persuade Philip, king of Macedon, to follow in the track of Pyrrhus, and come and help Hannibal in Southern Italy. The Romans had kept him off by stirring up the robber \u00c3\u2020tolians against him; and when he began to punish these wild neighbors, the Romans leagued themselves with the old Greek cities which Macedon oppressed, and a great war took place. \n\nTitus Quinctius Flaminius commanded in Greece for four years, first as consul and then as proconsul. His crowning victory was at Cynocephal\u00c3\u00a6, or the Dogshead Rocks, where he so broke the strength of Macedon that at the Isthmian games he proclaimed the deliverance of Greece, and in their joy the people crowded round him with crowns and garlands, and shouted so loud that birds in the air were said to have dropped down at the sound. ", "question": "What was he the king of?", "context": "Massinissa was the king of Numidia. Philip was the king of Macedon.", "based_on_pattern": "(Massinissa)-[king of]->(Numidia) || (Philip)-[king of]->(Macedon)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0964", "coqa_story": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is one of the most loved children's books of all time, and many adults enjoy it as well. It tells the story of a young girl named Alice, who follows a rabbit entering a magical world called Wonderland: she has many experiences which seem to change the rules of reasoning or common sense. The popularity of the book comes from its imagination, interesting story, and art work. The writer of the book is Lewis Carroll. In fact, Lewis Carroll was not the writer's real name. His real name was Charles Dodgson. One day, he took a boat ride down the Thames River to have a picnic with three little girls who were friends of the family. To keep them entertained on the ride, he told them a story in which Alice, the middle child, was the main character. They enjoyed the story very much. Charles later wrote the story down under the name Alice's Adventures under Ground and gave it to Alice as a Christmas present. Later, he gave a copy to his friend George MacDonald. George read it to his children and they loved it. George suggested to Charles that he make a book from his story. Charles then wrote more parts to the story until it was around 35,000 words. It was first printed in 1866, with art work by John Tenniel, under the name Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The book was an immediate success. One of its first fans was Queen Victoria. She immediately requested a collection of all of Lewis Carroll's works. She was surprised to find that they included many works on math. In fact, Charles Dodgson was a highly respected mathematician. This can be seen in many puzzles and plays on reasoning that appear in his books and poems. Since the story was first printed, it has kept selling up to the present day. It has been translated into over fifty languages and has had several movies based on it. The story is even mentioned in the popular 1999 film The Matrix by the character Morpheus.", "question": "What are they a character in?", "context": "Alice is a character in Alice'S Adventures In Wonderland. Morpheus is a character in The Matrix.", "based_on_pattern": "(Alice)-[character in]->(Alice'S Adventures In Wonderland) || (Morpheus)-[character in]->(The Matrix)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0965", "coqa_story": "Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.", "question": "When did he win an award?", "context": "Ralph Steinman won award in 2011. Barry Marshall won award in 2005. Werner Forssmann won award in 1956.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ralph Steinman)-[won award in]->(2011) || (Barry Marshall)-[won award in]->(2005) || (Werner Forssmann)-[won award in]->(1956)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0966", "coqa_story": "The old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find. But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure. \n\nNew owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys. He immediately determined to try to find out who they were. \n\nA few weeks later the California-based camera collector received the news that left him _ . The woman was his wife Jaqueline's aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago, and one of the boys, her cousin. \n\nThe couple have now unraveled the astonishing coincidence, which leads back to Mrs. Roccoforte's native Lancashire, where many of her family still live. The camera was bought from a shop in Preston, England by Brownie, a friend of Mr. Roccoforte, who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift. \n\nBack in California, the contents of his new possession inspired Mr. Roccoforte's curiosity. Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire, he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help. \n\nAnother relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber, still living in the area at the age of 81, her son Tony, Mrs. Roccoforte's cousin, and Tony's childhood friend, Mick Murphy. \n\nYesterday Mrs. Bamber was still gasping at the turn of events which has reunited two strands of her family. She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera. The two boys, both now 58, still live near Preston. \n\nMrs. Roccoforte's father is Winnie Bamber's brother, Billy Charnley. He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s. Their daughter met Mr. Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.", "question": "Who is he a childhood friend of?", "context": "Tony is a childhood friend of Mick Murphy. Mick Murphy is a childhood friend of Tony.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tony)-[childhood friend of]->(Mick Murphy) || (Mick Murphy)-[childhood friend of]->(Tony)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0967", "coqa_story": "New York\u00e2\u20ac\u201doften called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part\u00e2\u20ac\u201dis the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. \n\nSituated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island \u00e2\u20ac\u201c were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.", "question": "It has a population of millions, but what is its population?", "context": "The Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 20.1 Million Residents. The Combined Statistical Area has a population of 23.6 Million Residents.", "based_on_pattern": "(Metropolitan Statistical Area)-[has population]->(20.1 Million Residents) || (Combined Statistical Area)-[has population]->(23.6 Million Residents)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0968", "coqa_story": "\"The Lord of the Rings\", one of the best sellers in the new millennium , was made up of three parts--\"The Fellow Ship of the Ring\", \"Two Towers\", and \"The Return of the King\". Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative masterwork. \n\nJohn Ronald Refuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien's becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo--Saxon. \n\nAfter graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon 1istening to chapters of Tolkien's imaginative work \"The Hobbit\". \n\nHobbit was a name Tolkien created for people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them,Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves . On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible. \n\nOne of Tolkien's students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwind, to look at a draft . The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwind, thought that the best judge for a Children's book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and \"The Hobbit\" was published in 1937. \n\nIt sold so well that Unwind asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced \"The Lord of the Rings\", a series of books so creative that they hold readers both new and old -- after their publication.", "question": "What were they the author of?", "context": "The Lord Of The Rings was the author of John Ronald Refuel Tolkien. John Ronald Refuel Tolkien was the author of The Hobbit.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Lord Of The Rings)-[author of]->(John Ronald Refuel Tolkien) || (John Ronald Refuel Tolkien)-[author of]->(The Hobbit)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0969", "coqa_story": "As Amy Hagadorn rounded the corner across the hall from her classroom, she crashed with a tall boy from the fifth grade running in the opposite direction. \n\n\"Watch it, Squirt,\" the boy yelled, as he dodged around the little third grader. Then, with an unfriendly smile on his face, the boy took hold of his right leg and mimicked the way Amy limped when she walked. \n\nAmy closed her eyes for a moment. --Ignore him, she told herself as she headed for her classroom. \n\nBut at the end of the day, Amy was still thinking about the tall boy's mean teasing. It wasn't as if he were the only one. Amy was tired of it. Sometimes, even in a classroom full of other students, the teasing about her speech or her limping made her feel all alone. \n\nBack home at the dinner table that evening Amy was quiet. That's why Patti Hagdorn was happy to havesome exciting news to share with her daughter. \n\n\"There's a Christmas Wish Contest on the radio station,\" she announced. \"Write a letter to Santa and you might win a prize. I think someone at this table with blond curly hair should enter.\" \n\nAmy giggled. The contest sounded like fun. She started thinking about what she wanted most for Christmas. \n\nA smile took hold of Amy when the idea first came to her. Out came pencil and paper and Amy went to work on her letter. --Dear Santa Claus, she began. \n\nWhile Amy worked away at her best printing, the rest of the family tried to guess what she might ask from Santa. Amy's sister, Jamie, and Amy's mom both thought a 3-foot Barbie Doll would top Amy's wish list. Amy's dad guessed a picture book. But Amy wasn't ready to reveal her secret Christmas wish just then. Here is Amy's letter to Santa, just as she wrote it that night: \n\nDear Santa Clause, \n\nMy name is Amy. I am 9 years old. I have a problem at school. Can you help me, Santa? Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy . I just want one day where no one laughs at me or makes fun of me. \n\nLove, \n\nAmy \n\nAt radio station WJLT in Fort Wayne, Indiana, letters poured in for the Christmas Wish Contest. The workers had fun reading about all the different presents that boys and girls from across the city wanted for Christmas. \n\nWhen Amy's letter arrived at the radio station, manager Lee Tobin read it carefully. He knew cerebral palsy was a muscle disorder that might confuse the schoolmates of Amy who didn't understand her disability. He thought it would be good for the people in Fort Wayne to hear about this special third grader and her unusual wish. Mr. Tobin called up the local newspaper. \n\nThe next day, a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the News Sentinel. The story spread quickly. All across the country, newspapers and radio and television station reported the story of the little girl in Fort Wayne, Indiana, who asked for such a simple, yet remarkable Christmas gift - just one day without teasing. \n\nSuddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation. They came filled with holiday greetings and words of encouragement. \n\nDuring that unforgettable Christmas season, over two thousand people from all over the world sent Amy letters of friendship and support. Amy and her family read every single one. Some of the writers had disabilities; some had been teased as children. Many people thanked Amy for being brave enough to speak up. Others encouraged her to ignore teasing and to carry her head high. Each writer had a special message for Amy. Through the cards and letters from strangers, Amy glimpsed a world full of people who truly cared about each other. She realized that no amount or form of teasing could ever make her feel lonely again. \n\nAmy did get her wish of a special day without teasing at South Wayne Elementary School. Additionally, everyone at school got an added bonus. Teachers and students talked together about how bad teasing can make others feel. \n\nThat year, the Fort Wayne mayor officially proclaimed December 21st as Amy Jo Hagadorn Day throughout the city. The mayor explained that by daring to make such a simple wish, Amy taught a universal lesson. \n\n\"Everyone,\" said the mayor, \"wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth.\"", "question": "What grade is she in?", "context": "Amy Hagadorn is in Third Grade. Tall Boy is in Fifth Grade.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amy Hagadorn)-[is in grade]->(Third Grade) || (Tall Boy)-[is in grade]->(Fifth Grade)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0970", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Mohamed Morsi is an American-educated engineer who vows to stand for democracy, women's rights, and peaceful relations with Israel if he wins the Egyptian presidency. \n\nHe's also an Islamist figure who has argued for barring women from the Egyptian presidency and called Israeli leaders \"vampires\" and \"killers.\" One analyst describes him as an \"icon\" of those seeking an \"extreme agenda.\" \n\nAs Morsi, 60, battles to win the presidency, questions surround how much of a hard line he would take, and what direction he would steer the country. \n\nMorsi leads the Freedom and Justice Party, the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood -- the most powerful political movement in the new Egyptian government, controlling about half of parliament. \n\nHis party notes that he was arrested several times under President Hosni Mubarak's regime for protesting \"repressive measures and oppressive practices,\" as well as \"rigged elections.\" At one point he spent seven months in jail. \n\nAnalysts say Morsi is focusing his campaign on appealing to the broadest possible audience. \n\nBut he \"represents the older, more conservative wing of the Brotherhood and openly endorses a strict Islamic vision,\" Isobel Coleman of the Council on Foreign Relations wrote in a column for CNN.com. \n\n\"A vote for Mohamed Morsi will consolidate the Brotherhood's political influence, which could translate into a constitution with weaker provisions for protection of minority and women's rights.\" \n\nA slogan associated with his campaign, \"Islam is the solution,\" is sparking concerns Morsi could introduce a fundamentalist Islamic theocracy. \n\nHe told CNN he has no such plans. His party seeks \"an executive branch that represents the people's true will and implements their public interests,\" Morsi told CNN's Christiane Amanpour. ", "question": "Under the regime of which leader was Mohamed Morsi arrested?", "context": "Mohamed Morsi was arrested under the regime of Hosni Mubarak.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mohamed Morsi)-[ARRESTED_UNDER_REGIME_OF]->(Hosni Mubarak)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0971", "coqa_story": "She almost did not run. Christine Williams admits that now. She could barely put one foot after another following the wake for her sister, who had died in an automobile accident. But she did run. With the cheers of friends and strangers reaching her heart, Williams set a C.W. Post record in Boston. Now she will run again, in the national Division II cross-country championships in Evansville, Ind. She wanted to be sure she was doing the right thing by running. She was the middle of three sisters, between Kerry, who is 25, and Jennifer, who was 18. \n\nJust going through any motions was hard enough, but Christine Williams wanted to know if she should put on her uniform and her shoes and run through the woods on an autumn afternoon, in the awful gaping time between her sister's wake and her funeral. \"I kind of got upset beforehand.\" Williams admitted. Not a chatterbox under normal conditions, she now holds herself the best way she can, the fewer words the better. She almost walked away from the start line. But her friend Angela Toscano, who had flown up to Boston with her, directly from the wake, was standing near the line and talked her through it. \"She said my sister would have wanted me to run.\" Christine said. And that was enough to get her started. \n\nThe accident happened just after midnight on Nov, 4. Four young women were driving in an unfamiliar area of Long Island in Eastport, N.Y., when one of them apparently ran a yield sign, and the car was hit by another vehicle. Heather Brownrigg and Jennifer Williams died, and their friends April Brown and Kaci Moran were treated at a hospital and released. \n\nThe crash made the papers. April Brown was charged with drunken driving and driving without a license. \n\nThe wake began on Nov. 6. The next day Christine was to run with the Post cross-country team at the regional meet. Rich Degnan, the Post coach,\"and Post officials offered a car service and tickets on the last flight-to Boston for Christine and Toscano. When they arrived at the hotel, the entire team was waiting up for her. \n\nEverybody knew about it at the regional meet. Degnan had to arrange for the flexibility of an alternate, just in case Christine could not go. Several times during the race, Christine felt she could not continue. But then she heard her friends and all those other people, those strangers from other colleges, calling her name. She thought about Jennifer. And she ran. She finished fourth in 22 minutes 58 seconds, breaking the Post record for the 6-kilometer distance by 15 seconds. And although the Post team didn't qualify for the nationals, Christine did.", "question": "Where is it located?", "context": "The National Division Ii Cross-Country Championships is located in Evansville, Ind. The Automobile Accident is located in Eastport, N.Y. Eastport, N.Y. is located in Long Island.", "based_on_pattern": "(National Division Ii Cross-Country Championships)-[located in]->(Evansville, Ind.) || (Automobile Accident)-[located in]->(Eastport, N.Y.) || (Eastport, N.Y.)-[located in]->(Long Island)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0972", "coqa_story": "Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood's golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitch.cock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said. \n\nBorn in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister -screen idol Olivia de Havilland-were to shape successful movie careers.Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards.Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account \"No Bed of Roses \". \n\nFontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s. It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off. \n\nGreatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel \"Rebecca\". She received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as a troubled wife. A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in \"Suspicion\" opposite Cary Grant, becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchock film. \n\nAlthough her sister, Olivia de Havilland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia's nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's \"Hold Back the Dawn\". \n\nThe dislike ,between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony.\"I froze. I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting.'Get up there!' she whispered commandingly,\" Fontaine said.\"All the dislike we'd felt toward each other as children...all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures...I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair.\" \n\nOlivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen's \" To Each His Own\". Fontaine later made it known that her. sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations.\"She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away,\" she said. \n\nThe sisters were also reportedly competitors in love. Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times.\"I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!\" Fontaine once joked. \n\nAs her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including the Lion in Winter\". Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed .decoration designer and a first-class cook.", "question": "She is the sibling of whom?", "context": "Joan Fontaine is the sibling of Olivia De Havilland. Olivia De Havilland is the sibling of Joan Fontaine.", "based_on_pattern": "(Joan Fontaine)-[sibling of]->(Olivia De Havilland) || (Olivia De Havilland)-[sibling of]->(Joan Fontaine)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0973", "coqa_story": "The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge\", is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States. The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. Originally organized as the \"United States National Museum\", that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967. \n\nTermed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's nineteen museums, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York City, Pittsburgh, Texas, Virginia, and Panama. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates. \n\nThe Institution's thirty million annual visitors are admitted without charge. Its annual budget is around $1.2 billion with 2/3 coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the Institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. Institution publications include \"Smithsonian\" and \"Air & Space\" magazines. \n\nThe British scientist James Smithson (1765\u00e2\u20ac\u201c1829) left most of his wealth to his nephew Henry James Hungerford. When Hungerford died childless in 1835, the estate passed \"to the United States of America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among men\", in accordance with Smithson's will. Congress officially accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation, and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust on July 1, 1836. The American diplomat Richard Rush was dispatched to England by President Andrew Jackson to collect the bequest. Rush returned in August 1838 with 105 sacks containing 104,960 gold sovereigns (about $500,000 at the time, which is ).", "question": "Who dispatched Richard Rush to England?", "context": "Andrew Jackson dispatched Richard Rush to England.", "based_on_pattern": "(Richard Rush)-[DISPATCHED_BY]->(Andrew Jackson)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0974", "coqa_story": "Meryl Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is regarded as one of the most talented actresses of all time. The following is a list of movies that Meryl Streep has been involved with: \n\nKramer vs. Krammer (1979) \n\nIn the film, Meryl plays a mother caught up in a custody dispute . Her co-star, Dustin Hoffman, said, \"She's extraordinarily hardworking. I think she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing.\" Meryl won her first Oscar for her performance in this film. \n\nSophie's Choice (1982) \n\nMeryl plays Sophie, a Polish war survivor. To prepare for the role she learned to speak German and perfected a Polish accent. Film critic Roger Ebert said, \"This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most natural performances I can imagine.\" Meryl won her second Best Actress Oscar for her performance. \n\nOut of Africa(1985) \n\nMeryl is Karen Blixen, a Danish woman living in Kenya in the early 20th century. The story follows Karens attempts to run a coffee plantation and her love affair with big-game hunter Denys. The film is based on the memoirs of the real Karen Blixen. \n\nA Cry in the Dark (1995) \n\nThis is based on the true-life case of the disappearance of baby Azaria. Meryl plays Linda Chamberlain, a mother who is wrongly accused of killing her own child. After spending four years in prison, it was found that wild dogs had taken away the baby. Meryl won Best Actress at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. \n\nThe Bridge of Madison County (1995) \n\nThis movie is based on one of the biggest bestsellers of the 20th century (the book sold 50 million copies worldwide). Meryl plays Francesca Johnson, an Italian war bride living in 1960s Iowa. It's about her brief affair with photographer Robert Kincaid. \n\nMamma Mial(2008) \n\nThis is a romantic comedy based on the stage musical Mamma Mial, featuring the music from 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA. Meryl plays Donna Sheridan, a hotel owner on the Greek island of Kalokairi. Mamma Mial made over U.S. $ 600 million worldwide. Apparently, Meryl had seen the musical in 2001 and was completely absorbed in it. She had no idea that seven years later she'd be in the movie version.", "question": "According to the story, who did Francesca Johnson have an affair with?", "context": "Francesca Johnson had an affair with Robert Kincaid.", "based_on_pattern": "(Francesca Johnson)-[HAD_AFFAIR_WITH]->(Robert Kincaid)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0975", "coqa_story": "A barangay (Brgy. or Bgy.; Filipino: \"baranggay\", ; also pronounced the same in Spanish), formerly referred to as barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In metropolitan areas, the term often refers to an inner city neighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood. The word \"barangay\" originated from \"balangay\", a kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to the Philippines. \n\nMunicipalities and cities in the Philippines are subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan, Palawan which each contain only one barangay. The barangay itself is sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called \"purok\" (\"English: \"), barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses, and \"sitios\", which are territorial enclaves\u00e2\u20ac\u201dusually rural\u00e2\u20ac\u201dfar from the barangay center. , there were 42,029 barangays throughout the Philippines. \n\nWhen the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, they found well-organized independent villages called \"barangays\". The name \"barangay\" originated from \"balangay\", a Malay word meaning \"sailboat\". \n\nThe first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with Spaniards, many barangays have developed into large communities. The \"encomienda\" of 1604 shows that many affluent and powerful coastal barangays in Sulu, Butuan, Panay, Leyte and Cebu, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasig, Laguna, and Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000 inhabitants; Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with less number of people. But these were generally inland communities; or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas which were good for business pursuits. These smaller barangays had around thirty to one hundred houses only, and the population varies from one hundred to five hundred persons. According to Legazpi, he found communities with twenty to thirty people only.", "question": "How many people were in the communities that Legazpi found?", "context": "Legazpi found communities with 20 to 30 people.", "based_on_pattern": "(Legazpi)-[FOUND_COMMUNITIES_WITH]->(20 To 30 People)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0976", "coqa_story": "\"Your first home,\" Laurence Yep wrote in his book, The Lost Garden, \"will always be the one that you remember best. I have been away from it for over twenty years, but I still go back in my dreams.\" For Yep, whose father came from China, home was an apartment and the family grocery store in a neighborhood of San Francisco. It was there that he learned about patience, hard work, and getting along with neighbors. \n\nMr. Brown, Laurence Yep's high school English teacher, often set high goals for his students. He was the first person to encourage Yep to write. The experience of that class changed the direction of Yep's life. At the age of 18 Yep published his first short story, a sci-fi fantasy. He has since written many books and many kinds of books. He has retold Chinese folk stories and written for the theater. In nearly all these varied works, Yep, who is married to the children's book author Joanne Ryder, has returned to questions he has been asking himself since childhood: What does it mean to be Chinese and American? Can one who belongs to two cultures ever feel at home anywhere? \n\nWhen asked, \"How has being of a Chinese by origin been important to you?\" Laurence Yep replied, \"As a child I wanted to be as American as possible. Then, in my early twenties, I became very interested in my Chinese roots. For years after that, I thought that my function as a Chinese American writer was to act as a bridge between two cultures. Now, though, I am not so sure that it is possible to join them together. Compared with Asian culture, American culture pays more attention to individuals and competition. The two cultures pull in opposite directions. So I see myself now as someone who will always be on the border between two cultures. That works to my benefit as a writer because not quite fitting in helps me be a better observer.\"", "question": "Who encouraged Laurence Yep to pursue a career in writing?", "context": "Mr. Brown encouraged Laurence Yep to write.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mr. Brown)-[ENCOURAGED_TO_WRITE]->(Laurence Yep)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0977", "coqa_story": "In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values \"true\" and \"false\", usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. Instead of elementary algebra where the values of the variables are numbers, and the prime operations are addition and multiplication, the main operations of Boolean algebra are the conjunction \"and\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a7, the disjunction \"or\" denoted as \u00e2\u02c6\u00a8, and the negation \"not\" denoted as \u00c2\u00ac. It is thus a formalism for describing logical relations in the same way that ordinary algebra describes numeric relations. \n\nBoolean algebra was introduced by George Boole in his first book \"The Mathematical Analysis of Logic\" (1847), and set forth more fully in his \"An Investigation of the Laws of Thought\" (1854). According to Huntington, the term \"Boolean algebra\" was first suggested by Sheffer in 1913. \n\nBoolean algebra has been fundamental in the development of digital electronics, and is provided for in all modern programming languages. It is also used in set theory and statistics. \n\nBoole's algebra predated the modern developments in abstract algebra and mathematical logic; it is however seen as connected to the origins of both fields. In an abstract setting, Boolean algebra was perfected in the late 19th century by Jevons, Schr\u00c3\u00b6der, Huntington, and others until it reached the modern conception of an (abstract) mathematical structure. For example, the empirical observation that one can manipulate expressions in the algebra of sets by translating them into expressions in Boole's algebra is explained in modern terms by saying that the algebra of sets is \"a\" Boolean algebra (note the indefinite article). In fact, M. H. Stone proved in 1936 that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field of sets.", "question": "What are its variable values?", "context": "Elementary Algebra has variable value Numbers. Boolean Algebra has variable value Truth Values.", "based_on_pattern": "(Elementary Algebra)-[has variable value]->(Numbers) || (Boolean Algebra)-[has variable value]->(Truth Values)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0978", "coqa_story": "There was once a beautiful nymph called Echo. But Echo had one failing; she was fond of talking, and whether in chat or argument, would have the last word. As she was good company, she and Zeus became good friends. However, Zeus' wife, Hera, became jealous. She followed Zeus to the earth to find out what he was doing and Zeus asked Echo to distract Hera until he could escape. Later when Hera discovered she had been tricked, she became very angry. She turned on Echo and said, \"You shall lose the use of your tongue because you cheated me. You'll have the last word, bur no longer have the power to speak first.\" So from that moment on, Beautiful Echo was hardly able to hold a conversation because she could only repeat the last words of those around her. She became very embarrassed and hid herself deep in the woods. \n\nOne day a handsome young man called Narcissus came into the woods. He had been hunting deer and lost his way. However, the moment Echo saw him, she fell in love with him. She followed him, wishing to tell him but unable to begin a conversation. Oh, how she wished she could speak first. Unfortunately, Narcissus was far too busy worrying about where his companions might be and how he could find his way home. \n\nEventually Narcissus, with Echo following behind along, came to a pool of water in the middle of the woods. Feeling thirsty, Narcissus bent down to drink. As he did so, he saw a beautiful creature in the water staring up at him. He immediately bent over and said to him, \"I love you!\" Echo, nearby, and seeing her chance, immediately responded \".... I love you!\" But it was too late. Narcissus was already in love, with himself. \n\nThe stranger seemed to rise up closer to Narcissus who was so involved that he entirely failed to notice Echo. \"I want to stay and look at this beautiful sight forever,\" he whispered dreamily to himself.\"... Forever,\" repeated Echo sadly. \"Come here,\" called Narcissus to his reflection as he moved his head and the creature seemed to move away. \"...Here.\" responded Echo. Narcissus bent back down to see his reflection more clearly. \"So beautiful! I've never seen anything so beautiful!\" \"....So beautiful!\" responded Echo truthfully. \n\nNarcissus remained by the water refusing all Echo's silent offers of food and drink until he died. Where he had been, a flower grew in his place, as beautiful as Narcissus himself. As for Echo, from that time forward, she also didn't eat or drink till she turned to rocks and all that was left was her voice. Even now you can still hear Echo trying to attract Narcissus' attention by repeating his words and still see Narcissus as a beautiful flower growing near a pool.", "question": "What is a notable characteristic of Narcissus?", "context": "A notable characteristic of Narcissus is that he is handsome.", "based_on_pattern": "(Narcissus)-[HAS_CHARACTERISTIC]->(Handsome)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0979", "coqa_story": "Tony Hawken, 57, is divorcing his wife Xiu Li, 51, Britain's wealthiest woman entrepreneur , because he says he doesn't like being rich and is 'not in the habit' of spending lots of money. \n\nThe pair traded up their semi-detached home in South Norwood, London, and bought a PS1.5million house in Surrey. \n\nLi, who is now worth $1.2billion (PS700million) according to Forbes, quickly settled into a life which included sipping a PS900 bottle of wine on a luxurious yacht. \n\nHowever, Mr Hawken says he felt more comfortable getting lunch in his local Wetherspoon's. \n\nDespite his sudden wealth he continued to buy books from charity shops, and _ dear clothes. \n\nIn an interview with The Times, he said: 'I think it made me uncomfortable because I'm not in the habit, I don't like spending lots of money -- I've been brought up that way. \n\n'Until recently I was never a wealthy person. I've been moderately comfortable because I have been careful with my money.' \n\nNow the couple have decided to part, Mr Hawken will walk away with just PS1million, but says it will be enough for him. \n\nHe added: 'I have got a settlement which is not great, but it's enough for me because I don't have an extravagant lifestyle. I won't have to work if I'm careful.' \n\nOn a recent trip to China, Mr Hawken said his wife took him on a yacht and treated him to a PS900 bottle of wine, but he prefers his local Wetherspoon pub. \n\n'I'm getting a little pay when you consider her potential wealth, but I don't really want to fight it.' \n\nMr Hawken met Li on a blind date while he was still a teacher and she was studying English. \n\nThe couple married, but as Li's business took off the couple spent more and more time apart. Mr Hawken says the couple have spent most of the relationship apart. \n\nFar from driving them apart, Mr Hawken believes the distance kept them together, and says they would have divorced a long time ago if they were under the same roof. \n\nMr Hawken says his only regret is not getting a divorce sooner, but he didn't push for it over fears it would affect the couple's teenage son William, now 17. \n\nMr Hawken no longer teaches full-time, but instead gives free tuition to under-privileged children.", "question": "According to Forbes, who is Xiu Li's husband and what is their current marital status?", "context": "Xiu Li's husband is Tony Hawken, and he is currently divorcing her.", "based_on_pattern": "(Tony Hawken)-[DIVORCING]->(Xiu Li)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0980", "coqa_story": "He's out there somewhere, an instant icon in the records of American conflict, the final big-game hunter. But a puzzle, too, his identity would be kept a secret for now, and maybe forever. \n\nHe is the unknown shooter. The nameless, faceless triggerman who put a bullet in the head of the world's most notorious terrorist, Bin Laden. \n\nHe's likely between the ages of 26 and 33, says Marcinko, founder of the \"SEALs Team 6\" that many believe led the attack on Bin Laden in Abbottabad, Pakistan. He'll be old enough to have had time to hurdle the extra training tests required to join the counter-terrorism unit, yet young enough to stand the body-punishing harshness of the job. The shooter's a man, it's safe to say, because there are no women in the SEALs. And there's a good chance he's white, though the SEALs have stepped up efforts to increase the number of minorities in their ranks, Marcinko and Smith say. \n\nHe was probably a high school or college athlete, Smith says, a physical specimen who combines strength, speed and wisdom. \"They call themselves 'tactical athletes,'\" says Smith, who works with many future SEALs in his Heroes of Tomorrow training program in Severna Park. \"It's getting very scientific.\" \n\nMarcinko puts it in more conventional terms: \"He'll be ripped,\" says the author of the best-selling autobiography \"Rogue Warrior.\"\"He's got a lot of upper-body strength. Long arms. Thin waist. Flat stomach.\" \n\nOn this point, Greitens departs a bit. \"You can't make a lot of physical assumptions,\" says the author of \"The Heart and the Fist: The Education of a Humanitarian, the Making of a Navy SEAL.\" There are SEALs who are 5 feet 4 and SEALs who are 6 feet 5, Greitens says. In his training group, he adds, there were college football boys who couldn't hack it; those who survived were most often men in good shape, but they also had a willingness to show their concerns in favor of the mission. \n\nThe shooter's probably not the crew-cut , neatly shaven ideal we've come to expect from American fighting forces. \"He's bearded, rough-looking, like a street naughty boy,\" Marcinko supposes. \"You don't want to stick out.\" Marcinko calls it \"modified grooming standards.\" \n\nHis hands will be calloused , Smith says, or just rough enough,\" as Marcinko puts it. And \"he's got frag in him somewhere,\" Marcinko says, using the battlefield shorthand for \"fragments\" of bullets or explosive devices. This will not have been the shooter's first adventure. Marcinko estimates that he might have made a dozen or more deployments , tours when he was likely to have dealt with quite a number of dangerous situations, getting ready any time for explosive devices or bullets.", "question": "Who is the author of the book 'The Heart And The Fist: The Education Of A Humanitarian, The Making Of A Navy Seal'?", "context": "Greitens is the author of 'The Heart And The Fist: The Education Of A Humanitarian, The Making Of A Navy Seal'.", "based_on_pattern": "(Greitens)-[AUTHOR_OF]->(The Heart And The Fist: The Education Of A Humanitarian, The Making Of A Navy Seal)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0981", "coqa_story": "The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: \"\") occupies an independent branch of the Indo-European language tree. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh. It has historically been spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands and today is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written using the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. \n\nArmenian has developed since the separation from Indo-European mother tongue in the third millennium BCE to at least the time of the first Armenian dynasty (the Yervanduni dynasty, founded in the 6th century BCE). Hellenistic influences during the Artashesian Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 1st century CE) led to word borrowings from Greek and Latin. As the state language of the Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia (1st to 5th century CE) was Parthian, a large portion of Armenian vocabulary has been formed from Parthian borrowings. The earliest extant form of written Armenian is from the 5th century and is known as Classical Armenian (5th to 11th century); translations of the Bible and other religious texts during this period led to extensive word borrowings from Hebrew and Syriac. Middle Armenian (12th to 15th century) began with the establishment of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 12th century and is marked by an increased influence of European languages on Armenian, particularly Old French (which had become the secondary language of the Cilician nobility) and Italian (which had become the secondary language of Cilician commerce). Middle Armenian is the first written form of Armenian to display Western-type voicing qualities. Early Modern Armenian (16th to 18th centuries) is a mix of Middle Armenian and an evolving, non-standardized literary Modern Armenian (in Constantinople, Venice, the Ararat plain, and the Persian Armenian communities, particularly New Julfa). As Armenian communities were spread across a large geographic area during this period, early Modern Armenian was influenced by the languages of host societies, with loan words being borrowed from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Georgian, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, German, Polish, Hungarian, and Russian.", "question": "For the translation of which major religious text was Classical Armenian utilized?", "context": "Classical Armenian was utilized for the translation of the Bible.", "based_on_pattern": "(Classical Armenian)-[USED_FOR_TRANSLATION_OF]->(Bible)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0982", "coqa_story": "The Internet has greatly changed the way people communicate. But some teachers think the changes are not all for the better. \n\nEleanor Johnson, an English professor, thinks that text messaging has made students believe that it is far more acceptable than it actually is to just make terrible spelling and grammatical errors. And she says her students over the past several years have increasingly used less formal English in their writing. Words and phrases like \"guy\" and \"you know\" now appear in research papers. \n\nProfessor Johnson supposes there is a strong relationship between the rise of informal online communication and an increase in writing mistakes. But she says there may not be much scientific information, at least not yet. \n\nDavid Crystal, a British linguist , says the actively changing nature of the Internet makes it difficult to keep up-to-date in studying its effects. But he believes its influence on language is small. The main effect of the Internet on language is the way it has added to the expressive richness of language, providing language with a new set of communicative tools that haven't existed in the past. \n\nErin Jansen is founder of NetLingo.com, an online dictionary of the Internet and text messaging terms. She says the new technology has not changed existing language but has greatly added to its vocabulary. Basically it's freedom of expression. \n\nAnd what about those teachers who find these new kinds of mistakes in spelling and grammar in their students' work? What is her message to them? \n\nErin Jansen said, \"I am always on the students' side and won't get angry or upset about that. If it's helping the kids write more or communicate more, that's great. That's what teachers and educators want--to get kids communicating.\" \n\nBut Erin Jansen and David Crystal agree with Eleanor Johnson on at least one thing. Teachers need to make sure students understand the uses and rules of language.", "question": "How did the Internet impact the expressive richness of language?", "context": "The Internet added to the expressive richness of language.", "based_on_pattern": "(The Internet)-[ADDED_TO_EXPRESSIVE_RICHNESS_OF]->(Language)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0983", "coqa_story": "Garry Golden is a futurist. Futurists are scientists who analyze the way the world is today and use that information.to predict what the world will be like in the future. Golden focuses on the study of transportation. He spends his days studying the relationships between cars, subways, and trains. But he's most excited about imagining the way these relationships will change in the future. Many public transportation supporters dislike big cities because they spend hours driving from one side of the city to the other. And there aren't enough buses and. subways. However, Golden sees a trend toward fewer cars' in the future. He explains, \"Cities have a cost of car ownership, which is a challenge. All these vehicles cost the city in services, in having to repair roads and other things. \"Cars also take up a lot of space. Golden points out that having so many parking spaces is wasteful. Much of the time the parking spaces sit empty. What is the solution?\"I think cities will make new laws to limit the number of cars people can have ,\" says Golden. \"Instead, people will use taxis, subways, and buses. New technology, like smartphones, can make these forms of public transportation even better. Imagine if everyone had a smartphone and used them to signal when they wanted to ride the bus. Buses could change their route to meet people's requests.\" How soon would these changes come? Golden admits that it will take several years. Cities can be slow to change. Also, new systems of transportation can be expensive. \"But it's coming,\" he says. \"The trend of the empowered city will be here soon. \" The other trend that excites Golden is electric cars. Golden especially believes in the future of electric cars that have sensors to understand the world around them. \"If we have cars that can communicate with one another, they can adjust speeds to cut down on traffic jams,\"he says. Rush hour in big cities would be much less painful. One challenge is that it is hard to cheaply produce batteries that are strong enough for these cars. But Golden argues we could, also make cars out of strong plastic composites . The cars would then be much lighter and much cheaper to make. Golden remains positive about the future. \"There are so many exciting developments ,\"he says. \"In thirty years we will live a different world. \"", "question": "What is he?", "context": "Garry Golden is a Futurist. A Futurist is a Scientist.", "based_on_pattern": "(Futurist)-[is a]->(Scientist) || (Garry Golden)-[is a]->(Futurist)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0984", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XI \n\nThus William Wetherell became established in Coniston, and was started at last--poor man--upon a life that was fairly tranquil. Lem Hallowell had once covered him with blushes by unfolding a newspaper in the store and reading an editorial beginning: \"We publish today a new and attractive feature of the Guardian, a weekly contribution from a correspondent whose modesty is to be compared only with his genius as a writer. We are confident that the readers of our Raper will appreciate the letter in another column signed 'W. W.'\" And from that day William was accorded much of the deference due to a litterateur which the fates had hitherto denied him. Indeed, during the six years which we are about to skip over so lightly, he became a marked man in Coniston, and it was voted in towns meeting that he be intrusted with that most important of literary labors, the Town History of Coniston. \n\nDuring this period, too, there sprang up the strangest of intimacies between him and Jethro Bass. Surely no more dissimilar men than these have ever been friends, and that the friendship was sometimes misjudged was one of the clouds on William Wetherell's horizon. As the years went on he was still unable to pay off the mortgage; and sometimes, indeed, he could not even meet the interest, in spite of the princely sum he received from Mr. Willard of the Guardian. This was one of the clouds on Jethro's horizon, too, if men had but known it, and he took such moneys as Wetherell insisted upon giving him grudgingly enough. It is needless to say that he refrained from making use of Mr. Wetherell politically, although no poorer vessel for political purposes was ever constructed. It is quite as needless to say, perhaps, that Chester Perkins never got to be Chairman of the Board of Selectmen. ", "question": "Who is he a friend of?", "context": "William Wetherell is a friend of Jethro Bass. Jethro Bass is a friend of William Wetherell.", "based_on_pattern": "(William Wetherell)-[friend of]->(Jethro Bass) || (Jethro Bass)-[friend of]->(William Wetherell)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0985", "coqa_story": "CHAPTER XXIII. Anne Comes to Grief in an Affair of Honor \n\nAnne had to live through more than two weeks, as it happened. Almost a month having elapsed since the liniment cake episode, it was high time for her to get into fresh trouble of some sort, little mistakes, such as absentmindedly emptying a pan of skim milk into a basket of yarn balls in the pantry instead of into the pigs' bucket, and walking clean over the edge of the log bridge into the brook while wrapped in imaginative reverie, not really being worth counting. \n\nA week after the tea at the manse Diana Barry gave a party. \n\n\"Small and select,\" Anne assured Marilla. \"Just the girls in our class.\" \n\nThey had a very good time and nothing untoward happened until after tea, when they found themselves in the Barry garden, a little tired of all their games and ripe for any enticing form of mischief which might present itself. This presently took the form of \"daring.\" \n\nDaring was the fashionable amusement among the Avonlea small fry just then. It had begun among the boys, but soon spread to the girls, and all the silly things that were done in Avonlea that summer because the doers thereof were \"dared\" to do them would fill a book by themselves. \n\nFirst of all Carrie Sloane dared Ruby Gillis to climb to a certain point in the huge old willow tree before the front door; which Ruby Gillis, albeit in mortal dread of the fat green caterpillars with which said tree was infested and with the fear of her mother before her eyes if she should tear her new muslin dress, nimbly did, to the discomfiture of the aforesaid Carrie Sloane. Then Josie Pye dared Jane Andrews to hop on her left leg around the garden without stopping once or putting her right foot to the ground; which Jane Andrews gamely tried to do, but gave out at the third corner and had to confess herself defeated. ", "question": "What is considered fashionable in Avonlea?", "context": "Daring is considered fashionable in Avonlea.", "based_on_pattern": "(Daring)-[IS_FASHIONABLE_IN]->(Avonlea)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0986", "coqa_story": "Jack thought himself a basketball fan. He watched quite a lot of American NBA basketball games. Not only did he watch them, he spent much of his free time playing on the court too. Then came the final year of his middle school. All of his regular teammates stopped showing up on the court because they were simply too busy preparing for the high school entrance exam to play. He was, of course, under much stress himself, like everyone else. A good exam result meant a good high school; a mediocre score meant a mediocre school. _ . However, he loved basketball so much that he still found time to play, this time with a group of guys who were said to have skipped classes before. Some of his teachers started worrying about him. They asked his mother to go to school to let her know that Jack was hanging out with problem kids. When his mother returned home that day, she wanted to talk to Jack. Knowing the purpose of her visit to the school, Jack thought his mother would punish him for befriending those bad guys. To his surprise, his mother was not angry with him at all. She wanted to hear her son's side of the story. So Jack told his mother about what he knew of Simon and Peter. Simon's parents were badly ill; Peter's father had lost his job. They both seemed to Jack to be normal kids. Jack's mother thought for a moment, then went on to say that she was OK with her son playing with them and that she and her son should think of ways to help these kids. Soon Jack's mum introduced some part-time jobs to Simon and Peter, which they accepted. She believed in her son and cared about those who were less lucky. Jack's basketball friends and he have left for different places, but they still keep in touch. He knows Peter is now a manager of a local bank. Simon is currently a freshman at a university. Sadly, it is impossible to get together to play basketball again, but whenever they get on the phone, they talk about it all the time.", "question": "What is Peter's professional role at the Local Bank?", "context": "Peter is the manager of the Local Bank.", "based_on_pattern": "(Peter)-[IS_MANAGER_OF]->(Local Bank)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0987", "coqa_story": "Lisbon is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05\u00c2\u00a0km. Its urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 3 million people, being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union. About 3 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (which represents approximately 27% of the country's population). It is continental Europe's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe. \n\nLisbon is recognised as a alpha- level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education and tourism. Lisbon is the only Portuguese city besides Porto to be recognised as a global city. It is one of the major economic centres on the continent, with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe's Atlantic coast. Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually, as of 2015, and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal. The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe, after Rome, Barcelona, Madrid, Athens and Milan, with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009. The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal. Its GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $32,434 per capita .The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world. Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area. It is also the political centre of the country, as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State.", "question": "How does the Lisbon Region's GDP per capita compare to that of other regions in Portugal?", "context": "The Lisbon Region has a higher GDP per capita than any other region in Portugal.", "based_on_pattern": "(Lisbon Region)-[HAS_HIGHER_GDP_PER_CAPITA_THAN_ANY_OTHER_REGION_IN]->(Portugal)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0988", "coqa_story": "There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century. \n\nIn 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India.In order to reduce fraud , he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist . Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called \"Fingerprints\", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system--the first existence. \n\nAround the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, _ matched Rojas' exactly.She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy . It's still used in many Spanish-speaking countries. \n\nSir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.", "question": "In which group of countries is the method of Comparative Dactyloscopy used?", "context": "Comparative Dactyloscopy is used in Spanish-speaking countries.", "based_on_pattern": "(Comparative Dactyloscopy)-[USED_IN]->(Spanish-Speaking Countries)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0989", "coqa_story": "Did you ever wonder who invented products like Liquid Paper, Kevlar or paper bags? Most would think a man invented these items. Guess what? Women invented each of these. What? You don't believe me? Well, read this: \n\nLiquid Paper was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called Mistake Out. Being a typist, Bette was increasingly _ with being unable to erase her typing mistakes. The messy business left her hands black and the paper dirty. Bette was good at painting and remembered that an artist paints over mistakes. She applied that same principle to typing mistakes and Liquid Paper was born, making Bette into a self-made millionaire. \n\nKevlar, yes, the Kevlar of the bullet proof vest --what police officers and soldiers wear, was invented by Stephanie Kwolek. Stephanie worked for the DuPont Company as a research chemist. She was asked to find a high-performance fiber. Originally, this fiber was intended to be used for car tires . However, the fiber she developed in 1964 was amazing and is still used in products such as sailboats, skis, shoes, and yes, bullet proof vests. In 1995 Stephanie was named to the National Inventor's Hall of Fame. \n\nMargaret Knight invented a machine that revolutionized the making of paper bags. Paper bags had been made like envelopes but Margaret developed a machine that would fold and paste a flat-bottom paper bag, the very same type we still use today. Margaret's family was poor and she started working at the age of nine. Her first invention at the age of twelve was a safety tool for a loom . Later she worked for the Columbia Paper Bag Company. It was there that she worked on improving the making of paper bags. She was issued her patent in 1870. \n\nSo next time you use a new product or an old one, will you wonder who made it? Do some research on the web and answer a few questions like: Who invented it? How was it invented? You may be surprised at some of the stories you uncover.", "question": "What did she invent?", "context": "Bette Nesmith Graham invented Liquid Paper. Stephanie Kwolek invented Kevlar.", "based_on_pattern": "(Bette Nesmith Graham)-[invented]->(Liquid Paper) || (Stephanie Kwolek)-[invented]->(Kevlar)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0990", "coqa_story": "Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid \n\nGood grades and high tests scores still matter--a lot--to many colleges as they award financial aid. \n\nBut with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as \"merit aid\", is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. \n\nGeorge Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients , pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. \n\nNow, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. \n\nNot all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don't meet need eligibility have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. \n\nFor small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. \n\nBut for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. \"They're trying to buy students,\" says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. \n\nStudies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. \n\n\"As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,\" says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report's ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. \n\nMerit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, \"served us well,\" Inzer says, but \"to be discounting the price for families that don't need financial aid doesn't feel right any more.\" \n\nNeed-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. \n\nBetween 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state's public institutions. \n\nBut in recent years, a growing chorus of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be \"a sign that people are starting to realize that there's this destructive competition going on,\" says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. \n\nDavid Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. \n\n\"No one can take one-sided action,\" says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, \"This is a merry-go-round that's going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.\" \n\nA complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don't qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. \n\nThat's one reason Allegheny College doesn't plan to drop merit aid entirely. \n\n\"We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,\" says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny's vice president for enrollment. \n\nEmory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment , meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. \n\n\"Yeah, we're playing the merit game,\" acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. \"The fact of the matter is, it's not just about the lowest-income people. It's the average American middle-class family who's being priced out of the market.\" \n\nA few words about merit-based aid: \n\nMerit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. \n\nAcademic merit scholarships are based on students' grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. \n\nAthletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee . Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. \n\nArtistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.", "question": "What is their occupation?", "context": "Sandy Baum has the occupation of Economist. Monica Inzer has the occupation of Dean Of Admission And Financial Aid. David Laird has the occupation of President. Scott Friedhoff has the occupation of Vice President For Enrollment. Tom Lancaster has the occupation of Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education.", "based_on_pattern": "(Sandy Baum)-[has occupation]->(Economist) || (Monica Inzer)-[has occupation]->(Dean Of Admission And Financial Aid) || (David Laird)-[has occupation]->(President) || (Scott Friedhoff)-[has occupation]->(Vice President For Enrollment) || (Tom Lancaster)-[has occupation]->(Associate Dean For Undergraduate Education)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0991", "coqa_story": "Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the rat-a-tat-tat of gunfire. \"Father!\" Hassan cried. We sprung to our feet and raced out of the living room. \n\n\"Father! What's that sound? Hassan screamed, his hands outstretched toward Ali. Ali wrapped his arms around us. A white light flashed and lit the sky in silver. It flashed again and was followed by rapid sharp sounds of gunfire. \"They're hunting ducks.\" Ali said in a hoarse voice. \"They hunt ducks at night, you know.\" Don't be afraid. \n\nA siren went off in the distance. Somewhere glass broke and someone shouted. I heard people on the street, jolted from sleep and probably still in their pajamas, with ruffled hair and puffy eyes. Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. \n\nWe stayed huddled that way until the early hours of the morning. The shootings and explosions had lasted less than an hour, but they had frightened us badly, because none of us had ever heard gunshots in the streets. They were foreign sounds to us then. The generation of Afghan children whose ears would know nothing but the sounds of bombs and gunfire was not yet born. Huddled together in the dining room and waiting for the sun to rise, none of us had any notion that a way of life had ended. The end came when Russian tanks were rolling into the very same streets where Hassan and I played, bringing the death of the Afghanistan I knew and marking the start of a still ongoing era of bloodletting. \n\nJust before sunrise, Baba's car peeled into the driveway. His door slammed shut and his running footsteps pounded the stairs. Then he appeared in the doorway and I saw something on his face. Something I didn't recognize right away because I'd never seen it before: fear. \"Amir! Hassan!\" He cried as he ran to us, opening his arms wide. \"They blocked all the roads and the telephone didn't work. I was so worried!\" \n\nWe let him wrap us in his arms and, for a brief moment, I was glad about whatever had happened that night.", "question": "Who is he the son of?", "context": "Amir is the son of Baba. Hassan is the son of Ali.", "based_on_pattern": "(Amir)-[son of]->(Baba) || (Hassan)-[son of]->(Ali)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0992", "coqa_story": "UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. \n\nThe UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, is heir to the oldest protein sequence database, Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, first published in 1965. In 2002, EBI, SIB, and PIR joined forces as the UniProt consortium. \n\nEach consortium member is heavily involved in protein database maintenance and annotation. Until recently, EBI and SIB together produced the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, while PIR produced the Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). These databases coexisted with differing protein sequence coverage and annotation priorities. \n\nSwiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and subsequently developed by Rolf Apweiler at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Swiss-Prot aimed to provide reliable protein sequences associated with a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recognizing that sequence data were being generated at a pace exceeding Swiss-Prot's ability to keep up, TrEMBL (Translated EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library) was created to provide automated annotations for those proteins not in Swiss-Prot. Meanwhile, PIR maintained the PIR-PSD and related databases, including iProClass, a database of protein sequences and curated families.", "question": "What does it maintain?", "context": "Swiss Institute Of Bioinformatics maintains Expasy. Protein Information Resource maintains Iproclass.", "based_on_pattern": "(Swiss Institute Of Bioinformatics)-[maintains]->(Expasy) || (Protein Information Resource)-[maintains]->(Iproclass)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0993", "coqa_story": "IGN (formerly Imagine Games Network) is an American video game and entertainment media company operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis and wholly owned by j2 Global. The company is located in San Francisco's SOMA district in California, United States, and is headed by its former editor-in-chief, Peer Schneider. The IGN website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29, 1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, and other media. Originally a network of desktop websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the Xbox and PlayStation, FireTV, Roku, and via YouTube, Twitch, Hulu, and Snapchat. \n\nOriginally, IGN was the flagship property of the parent company IGN Entertainment, which owned and operated several other websites oriented towards players' interests, games, and entertainment, such as Rotten Tomatoes, GameSpy, \"GameStats\", \"VE3D\", TeamXbox, Vault Network, FilePlanet, and AskMen, among others. IGN was sold to publishing company Ziff Davis in February 2013 and now operates as a J2 Global subsidiary. \n\nCreated in September 1996 as the \"Imagine Games Network\", the IGN content network was founded by publishing executive Jonathan Simpson-Bint and began as five individual websites within Imagine Media: N64.com (later renamed ign64.com), PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation.com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating an affiliate network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation.com, Sega-Saturn.com, Game Sages, and GameFAQs. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system \"channels\" under the IGN brand. The homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation; U.G.P.O. dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put \"on hold\" when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand.", "question": "What was IGN's previous name before its rebranding?", "context": "IGN was formerly known as Imagine Games Network.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ign)-[FORMERLY_KNOWN_AS]->(Imagine Games Network)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0994", "coqa_story": "Chapter 61 \n\nHappy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters. With what delighted pride she afterwards visited Mrs. Bingley, and talked of Mrs. Darcy, may be guessed. I wish I could say, for the sake of her family, that the accomplishment of her earnest desire in the establishment of so many of her children produced so happy an effect as to make her a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman for the rest of her life; though perhaps it was lucky for her husband, who might not have relished domestic felicity in so unusual a form, that she still was occasionally nervous and invariably silly. \n\nMr. Bennet missed his second daughter exceedingly; his affection for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do. He delighted in going to Pemberley, especially when he was least expected. \n\nMr. Bingley and Jane remained at Netherfield only a twelvemonth. So near a vicinity to her mother and Meryton relations was not desirable even to _his_ easy temper, or _her_ affectionate heart. The darling wish of his sisters was then gratified; he bought an estate in a neighbouring county to Derbyshire, and Jane and Elizabeth, in addition to every other source of happiness, were within thirty miles of each other. \n\nKitty, to her very material advantage, spent the chief of her time with her two elder sisters. In society so superior to what she had generally known, her improvement was great. She was not of so ungovernable a temper as Lydia; and, removed from the influence of Lydia's example, she became, by proper attention and management, less irritable, less ignorant, and less insipid. From the further disadvantage of Lydia's society she was of course carefully kept, and though Mrs. Wickham frequently invited her to come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, her father would never consent to her going. ", "question": "Who did they visit?", "context": "Mrs. Bennet visited Jane Bingley. Mr. Bennet visited Pemberley.", "based_on_pattern": "(Mrs. Bennet)-[visited]->(Jane Bingley) || (Mr. Bennet)-[visited]->(Pemberley)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0995", "coqa_story": "(CNN)Thousands gathered in Riyadh on Friday to say farewell to Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al Saud, a cautious reformer who succeeded in securing broader freedoms in the conservative kingdom, but fell short in gaining greater independence for women. \n\nAbdullah died early Friday, several weeks after the state-run Saudi Press Agency said he was suffering from pneumonia and had been admitted to a hospital. The royal court didn't release an exact cause of death. He was 90. \n\nTo ensure a smooth transition, the kingdom quickly appointed his 79-year-old half-brother, Salman bin Abdulaziz, to the throne. His half-brother Prince Muqrin, a decade younger, is the new crown prince. \n\nWho is Salman bin Abdulaziz? \n\nAfter Friday afternoon prayers at Riyadh's Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Grand Mosque, the body of Abdullah, wrapped in a pale shroud, was carried from the mosque toward a cemetery, followed by a solemn procession of Saudi men in traditional dress. \n\nHe was later laid to rest after a simple, swift ceremony. Those present at the graveside -- the royals closest to the late king -- were then to move on to a royal palace, where they were to pay their respects to the new monarch. \n\nThe ceremony of \"al Bayaah,\" or pledging of allegiance to the new king, followed the funeral. \n\nCondolences and remembrances poured in from all corners of the globe. \n\n\"To God we belong and indeed to him we shall return,\" said the homepage of the English-language Saudi newspaper Arab News. \n\nBahrain, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, among others, declared days of mourning. The U.N. secretary-general praised Abdullah for his Arab Peace Initiative to end the Arab-Israeli conflict. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden said he would lead a delegation \"in the coming days\" to pay respects. ", "question": "Who is he a half brother of?", "context": "Salman Bin Abdulaziz is the half brother of King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Prince Muqrin is the half brother of Salman Bin Abdulaziz.", "based_on_pattern": "(Salman Bin Abdulaziz)-[half brother of]->(King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) || (Prince Muqrin)-[half brother of]->(Salman Bin Abdulaziz)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0996", "coqa_story": "Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn't very strong nor did it have pedals .Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground. \n\nIn 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan's machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan's bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers. \n\nIn 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede,but most people called it a \"bone shaker\" because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people. \n\nTen years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment. \n\nIt wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson;bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.", "question": "What was his occupation?", "context": "James Starley was an Inventor. Kirkpatrick Macmillan was a Blacksmith.", "based_on_pattern": "(James Starley)-[has occupation]->(Inventor) || (Kirkpatrick Macmillan)-[has occupation]->(Blacksmith)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0997", "coqa_story": "(CNN) -- Former U.S. Sen. Arlen Specter, who embodied a vanishing breed of liberal Republicanism before switching to the Democratic Party at the twilight of his political career, died Sunday after a long battle with cancer, his family announced. \n\nSpecter died of complications from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at his home in Philadelphia, his family said. He was 82. \n\nThe veteran Pennsylvania politician had overcome numerous serious illnesses over the past two decades, including a brain tumor. He had been in the public eye since serving as a member of the Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. \n\nSpecter was elected to the Senate in 1980 and represented Pennsylvania for 30 years, longer than anyone in the state's history. His politically moderate image fit hand-in-glove in the politically blue Northeast, both with its Democratic centrists and its liberal Republicans. \n\nHe was also one of America's most prominent Jewish politicians, a rare Republican in a category dominated by Democrats over the decades. And his name is synonymous with Pennsylvania, an idiosyncratic state that pushes and pulls between the two parties, and his home, the staunchly Democratic city of Philadelphia. \n\nIn 2006, Philadelphia magazine called him \"one of the few true wild cards of Washington politics ... reviled by those on both the right and the left.\" \n\n\"Charming and churlish, brilliant and pedantic, he can be fiercely independent, entertainingly eccentric and simply maddening,\" the profile read. \n\nFormer Gov. Ed Rendell, a Democrat, called Specter \"a mentor, colleague and a political institution\" who \"did more for the people of Pennsylvania over his more than 30-year career with the possible exception of Benjamin Franklin.\" And Pat Toomey, the Republican who now holds Specter's old Senate seat, praised him as \"a man of sharp intelligence and dogged determination.\" ", "question": "Which political party is he a member of?", "context": "Ed Rendell is a member of the Democratic Party. Pat Toomey is a member of the Republican Party.", "based_on_pattern": "(Ed Rendell)-[is member of]->(Democratic Party) || (Pat Toomey)-[is member of]->(Republican Party)", "is_ambiguous": true}
{"question_number": "Q_0998", "coqa_story": "Christopher Columbus ( ; 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa, under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World. \n\nAt a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving in Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named San Salvador. Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile. \n\nColumbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century, but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted several centuries. These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world. He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives. Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion.", "question": "Who sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyages?", "context": "The Catholic Monarchs of Spain sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyages.", "based_on_pattern": "(Christopher Columbus)-[SPONSORED_BY]->(Catholic Monarchs Of Spain)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_0999", "coqa_story": "According to Pete Singer, a researcher who wrote a number of books on the military, active involvement of robots in battles could worsen warfare by making machines do all the dirty work for humans. He says that humanity is currently at point of breakthrough in war, like the discovery of the atomic bomb. \"What does it mean to go to war with US soldiers whose hardware is made in China and whose software is made in India?\" The research predicts that by 2015 American soldiers will be half robots, half humans. It is worth mentioning that attack drones and bomb-handling robots are just some of the devices that armies use in battles. Besides having no mercy in battle, robots, in contrast to humans, also cut off living soldiers from horrors. \"The United States is ahead in military robots, but in technology there is no such thing as a permanent advantage,\" Mr. Singer said, adding that currently Russia, China, Pakistan and Iran are working on the development of military robots as well. The researcher mentioned that robotics is something terrorists can take advantage of as well. \"You don't have to make robots believe they are going to get 7 million dollars when they die to get them to blow themselves up,\" he said. In addition, Mr. Singer mentioned that military robots feature cameras that record everything a machine sees, providing digital video that is uploaded on You Tubein graphic clips, which soldiers call \"war porn\". \"It turns war into entertainment, sometimes set to music. The ability to watch more but experience less,\" he said. David Hansco, who is a robotics designer, creates robots that have more features of a human. For example, his robots feature synthetic flesh faces and have the ability to read human facial expressions and copy them. The engineer states that the main idea is to create robots that can show empathy .", "question": "What subject did Pete Singer write books on?", "context": "Pete Singer wrote books on the military.", "based_on_pattern": "(Pete Singer)-[WROTE_BOOKS_ON]->(Military)", "is_ambiguous": false}
{"question_number": "Q_1000", "coqa_story": "In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year's list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society. \n\nJennifer Egan's book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends. \n\nThe main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality. \n\nTwo of the most popular nonfiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced. \n\nUnbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two. \n\nStacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.", "question": "During which major historical conflict did Louis Zamperini survive a plane crash?", "context": "Louis Zamperini survived a plane crash during World War Two.", "based_on_pattern": "(Louis Zamperini)-[SURVIVED_PLANE_CRASH_DURING]->(World War Two)", "is_ambiguous": false}