Adult frontal retracted view of upper and lower anteriors with severe brown cervical staining and calculus deposits along gingival margins; severe gingival inflammation; mild crowding visible; teeth structurally intact behind heavy stain.

Severe brown cervical calculus on upper and lower anteriors with severe marginal gingival inflammation and mild crowding; teeth intact.

Multi-session ultrasonic scaling, chlorhexidine 0.2% rinse for two weeks, orthodontic consultation for mild crowding, hygiene reinforcement with interdental cleaning education, two-week recall.

Explanation: Severe combined calculus burden and gingivitis with crowding indicates active periodontal disease driven by plaque retention at crowded contacts.

Explanation: Heavy cervical calculus.


Upper lingual mirror view of intact upper anteriors with mild brown cervical staining at gingival margins.

Mild brown lingual cervical staining on upper anteriors.

Explanation: Mild lingual stain responds to polish.

Explanation: Mild lingual stain.


Right lateral close view of mostly intact upper and lower posterior teeth with mild crowding, mild yellow tint, and pink gingival margins with healthy contour.

Mostly intact lateral dentition with mild crowding and pink gingiva.

Explanation: Mild crowding with healthy gingiva.

Explanation: Mild crowding.


Side-by-side comparison view of mandibular molars showing single cavitated occlusal lesion in left panel and adjacent cavitation in right panel; teeth otherwise intact.

Cavitated occlusal molar lesions visible in side-by-side panels.

Explanation: Cavitated lesions need restoration.

Explanation: Cavitated molar lesions.


Red-filtered close view of severely cavitated upper anterior teeth with brown coronal destruction, severely affected gingival tissues with bleeding, and broken-down structures across multiple teeth; the heavy red filter limits accurate colour assessment of soft tissues.

Severe combined cavitation on upper anteriors with broken-down structures and severe gingival bleeding; filter limits soft-tissue assessment.

Antibiotic cover if signs of acute infection, recapture image with neutral lighting, urgent comprehensive dental review, extract non-restorable structures, periodontal therapy, recall every two weeks during treatment phase.

Explanation: Severely affected dentition with combined caries and periodontal disease requires urgent surgical clearance combined with periodontal therapy.

Explanation: Severe non-restorable caries.


Adult close view of severely affected dentition with multiple broken-down brown stumps, heavy cervical staining, and severely inflamed gingival tissues; combined severe pathology.

Severely affected adult dentition with broken stumps, heavy staining, and severe gingivitis.

Antibiotic if needed, urgent surgical clearance, comprehensive planning.

Explanation: Severe combined adult pathology.

Explanation: Severe non-restorable caries.


Older patient close upper view showing severely affected dentition with missing upper anterior tooth, gold prosthetic crown on adjacent tooth, severely yellow-stained worn remaining teeth, and broken-down structures.

Severely affected adult dentition with missing tooth, gold prosthesis, severe wear and broken structures.

Panoramic radiograph, comprehensive prosthodontic planning.

Explanation: Severe acquired multi-tooth loss with combined pathology.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with combined pathology.


Adult frontal close view of severely yellow-stained crowded upper anteriors with mild cervical staining and adjacent inflamed gingival tissues.

Severely yellow crowded upper anteriors with mild marginal gingivitis.

Scaling, orthodontic consult, dietary counselling.

Explanation: Severe yellow staining with crowding.

Explanation: Severe yellow stain dominant.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected dentition with severe attrition and broken-down upper anteriors with brown destruction, severely worn yellow remaining teeth, severe gingival recession, and combined acquired tooth wear and possible cavitation; combined severe pathology in advanced state.

Severely worn and broken adult upper anteriors with cavitation, severe recession, and yellow staining; combined severe wear and possible caries.

Antibiotic if acute infection, panoramic radiograph, comprehensive prosthodontic planning with occlusal evaluation, periodontal therapy for recession, recall every two weeks during treatment phase.

Explanation: Severely affected adult dentition with combined wear, broken structures, and recession reflects long-standing parafunctional bruxism plus periodontal disease; comprehensive multi-disciplinary management required.

Explanation: Severe wear with combined pathology.


Pediatric mouth close view showing single missing tooth space with adjacent intact teeth and bleeding socket; surrounding mucosa pink.

Pediatric anterior missing tooth space with bleeding socket.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation likely.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected upper anteriors with three implant healing abutments visible in upper anterior position with severely affected gingival tissues; lower anteriors yellow-worn.

Adult anterior implant healing abutments with severely affected gingiva and worn lower anteriors.

Continue implant healing, periodontal therapy, address lower wear.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss being restored.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with implants.


Adult close lateral view showing single missing upper anterior tooth with adjacent intact teeth and yellow-tinted shade; mild gingival recession.

Single missing upper anterior in adult dentition with mild recession.

Panoramic radiograph, prosthetic planning.

Explanation: Adult acquired single tooth loss.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss.


Pediatric small mouth close view showing irregular small teeth with apparent missing teeth and crowding; limited field of view due to small mouth size and close magnification; mixed dentition pattern partially visible.

Pediatric mixed dentition with apparent missing teeth and crowding; limited field of view.

Panoramic radiograph for tooth bud assessment, paediatric orthodontic monitoring, recapture image with wider field if needed.

Explanation: Limited image of pediatric mixed dentition; imaging clarifies hypodontia versus delayed eruption.

Explanation: Limited image of pediatric mouth.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected dentition with multiple cavitated and broken upper anterior teeth, retained roots, gold prosthetic crown on adjacent tooth, and severely affected gingival tissues.

Severely affected adult dentition with cavitated and broken anterior teeth, retained roots, and severely inflamed gingiva.

Antibiotic cover, urgent extraction of retained roots, periodontal therapy, comprehensive prosthodontic planning.

Explanation: Severely affected adult with combined pathology.

Explanation: Severe combined caries and retained roots.


Pediatric mouth close view showing irregular crowded anterior teeth with apparent missing or unerupted tooth in upper anterior region.

Pediatric crowded irregular anteriors with possible missing or unerupted tooth.

Panoramic radiograph, paediatric orthodontic review.

Explanation: Pediatric mixed-dentition gap or crowding.

Explanation: Pediatric mixed-dentition gap.


Red-filtered close pediatric mouth view showing limited dentition with apparent missing tooth; heavy red filter limits detail.

Apparent missing tooth in pediatric mouth under red filter.

Recapture with neutral lighting, paediatric review.

Explanation: Filter limits assessment.

Explanation: Filter limits.


Pediatric small mouth close view showing mixed dentition with apparent missing teeth and irregular small teeth; the small field of view and pediatric mouth size limit complete assessment; gingival tissues appear pink.

Pediatric mixed dentition with apparent missing teeth and irregular alignment; limited field of view.

Panoramic radiograph for comprehensive tooth bud assessment, paediatric orthodontic referral, monitor eruption pattern, recapture image with wider field.

Explanation: Limited image of pediatric mixed dentition; imaging needed for confident diagnosis of hypodontia versus delayed eruption.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.


Pediatric mouth close view showing missing upper anterior teeth with intact lower anteriors visible.

Multiple missing upper anteriors in pediatric mouth.

Panoramic radiograph, paediatric orthodontic referral.

Explanation: Multiple anterior absences need imaging.

Explanation: Multiple anterior absences.


Red-filtered close pediatric mouth view showing yellow stained irregular small teeth with apparent missing teeth and severely affected dentition; filter limits detail.

Severely affected pediatric mouth with apparent missing teeth and yellow staining under filter.

Recapture with neutral lighting, paediatric urgent dental review.

Explanation: Filter limits but severe pediatric pathology evident.

Explanation: Filter limits but severe pathology.


Adult close lateral view showing single missing upper anterior tooth with adjacent dark cavitated lesion on a tooth and intact remaining anteriors.

Single missing upper anterior tooth with cavitated adjacent lesion.

Radiograph, prosthetic planning, restoration of adjacent caries.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with adjacent caries.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with caries.


Frontal close view of mandibular anteriors showing intact teeth with severely inflamed bright red bleeding gingival margins and active bleeding at the gum line; teeth structurally intact and well-aligned.

Intact mandibular anteriors with severe marginal gingival inflammation and active bleeding.

Multi-session ultrasonic scaling, chlorhexidine 0.2% rinse for two weeks, hygiene reinforcement, recall in two weeks for re-evaluation of gingival response.

Explanation: Severe plaque-induced gingivitis driven by sustained biofilm at gingival margin; combined scaling and adjunct chemical therapy plus improved daily biofilm control resolves the active disease.

Explanation: Severe marginal gingivitis.


Adult close frontal view of severely yellow-stained worn teeth with severe wear on incisal edges and mild gingival inflammation.

Severely worn yellow adult teeth with mild gingivitis.

Occlusal evaluation, restorative planning, scaling.

Explanation: Severe attrition with mild gingivitis.

Explanation: Severe attrition.


Adult close lateral view of severely yellow-stained teeth with mild cervical staining and mild gingival inflammation.

Severely yellow lateral dentition with mild cervical stain and mild gingivitis.

Scaling, polishing, dietary counselling.

Explanation: Severe yellow staining responds to polish.

Explanation: Severe yellow shade.


Close lateral view of intact teeth with mostly white shade and mild yellow cervical tint; gingival margins pink and healthy.

Intact teeth with mild yellow cervical tint; healthy gingiva.

Explanation: Healthy presentation.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close frontal view of severely yellow-orange stained dentition with combined heavy chromogenic deposits, mild cervical staining and mild gingival recession on upper anteriors; teeth structurally intact and well-aligned overall.

Severe yellow-orange chromogenic staining across visible dentition with mild cervical staining and mild upper anterior recession.

Multi-session ultrasonic scaling and professional polishing to remove extrinsic chromogenic deposits, dietary and tobacco cessation counselling, supervised vital bleaching consultation for residual intrinsic component, fluoride application to exposed root surfaces, three-month recall.

Explanation: Severe yellow-orange chromogenic staining is typically tobacco or diet related and responds well to scaling combined with behavioural modification; supervised bleaching may further improve aesthetics.

Explanation: Severe chromogenic stain.


Pediatric small mouth close view showing crowded irregular teeth and severely yellow-stained dentition with possible early caries.

Pediatric crowded yellow teeth with possible early caries.

Explanation: Pediatric crowding with stain.

Explanation: Pediatric crowding dominant.


Older patient close lateral view of severely worn yellow-stained anterior teeth with mild yellow cervical staining and mild gingival recession.

Severely worn yellow anterior teeth with mild cervical staining and recession.

Explanation: Severe age-related wear.

Explanation: Severe wear.


Adult close lateral view of intact white teeth with mild yellow tint and pink gingival margins.

Intact lateral white dentition with mild yellow tint.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close view of severely yellow-orange stained dentition with chromogenic deposits and heavy extrinsic discoloration across the visible teeth; close magnification shows the stain extends from gingival margin to occlusal third; teeth structurally intact behind the stain.

Severe yellow-orange chromogenic staining across visible adult teeth with stain extending from gingival to occlusal third; teeth intact.

Multi-session scaling and polish for extrinsic stain, dietary and tobacco counselling, supervised bleaching consult, hygiene reinforcement, three-month recall.

Explanation: Severe extrinsic chromogenic staining is typically tobacco or diet related and responds to professional cleaning combined with behavioural modification.

Explanation: Severe chromogenic stain.


Close pediatric mouth view showing severely yellow-stained crowded irregular teeth with possible caries or staining patterns visible.

Severely yellow crowded pediatric teeth with possible caries.

Paediatric dental review, scaling, possible caries assessment.

Explanation: Pediatric crowding with possible caries.

Explanation: Pediatric caries with crowding.


Adult close lateral view of lower anterior teeth with severe yellow-brown cervical staining at the gingival margin, mild gingival recession exposing root surfaces, and mild marginal inflammation.

Severe yellow-brown cervical staining on lower anteriors with mild recession and marginal inflammation.

Multi-session scaling, fluoride to exposed roots, dietary counselling, hygiene reinforcement.

Explanation: Severe cervical staining with recession.

Explanation: Severe cervical stain with recession.


Adult close frontal close view of intact white teeth with very mild yellow tint; gingiva pink with healthy contour.

Intact white teeth with very mild yellow tint; gingiva healthy.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Close lateral view of single upper anterior tooth with severe internal yellow-brown discoloration extending from cervical to incisal third suggesting pulpal necrosis from prior trauma or caries; adjacent teeth normal shade; gingival margins partially visible appear pink with healthy contour.

Single severely discoloured upper anterior tooth with intrinsic yellow-brown shade extending throughout the crown suggesting pulpal necrosis; adjacent teeth normal shade; gingival margins healthy.

Vitality and percussion testing on the discoloured tooth, periapical radiograph to assess for periapical pathology, endodontic referral if non-vital, then internal bleaching or veneer for aesthetic management after pulpal status confirmed.

Explanation: Single-tooth intrinsic discoloration in this pattern typically reflects pulpal necrosis from prior trauma or advanced caries during the developmental phase; endodontic management addresses any chronic periapical infection before aesthetic restoration.

Explanation: Classic single non-vital tooth.


Side-by-side before/after smile view showing left panel with mild discoloration and right panel with darker tooth shade.

Side-by-side comparison of upper anterior shade.

Explanation: Comparison view for shade matching.

Explanation: Comparison image.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected dentition with heavy brown cervical staining on multiple anterior teeth, recession exposing root surfaces, and severely inflamed gingival tissues.

Heavy cervical calculus with recession and severe inflammation.

Multi-session scaling, periodontal therapy, fluoride to roots.

Explanation: Severe periodontitis with calculus.

Explanation: Recession with severe calculus.


Close lower anterior close view of cervical region showing severe brown cervical calculus deposits and yellow staining on multiple teeth.

Severe brown cervical calculus on lower anteriors.

Multi-session scaling, hygiene reinforcement.

Explanation: Severe cervical calculus needs scaling.

Explanation: Severe cervical calculus.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected dentition with severe brown cervical staining, recession on upper anteriors, mild crowding, slight wear on incisal edges, and severely affected gingival tissues with bleeding.

Severe combined adult periodontal pathology with cervical staining, recession, and gingivitis.

Multi-session scaling, periodontal probing, chlorhexidine, fluoride to roots, recall in two weeks.

Explanation: Severely affected adult dentition with combined periodontitis and calculus burden.

Explanation: Severe periodontitis dominant.


Close lateral view of intact teeth with mild yellow tint and pink gingival margins; teeth aligned and structurally intact.

Explanation: Healthy presentation.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close smile view of intact aligned white teeth with mild yellow tint and pink gingival margins; one tooth appears to have a recent missing tooth space.

Intact white teeth with one missing tooth space.

Explanation: Adult acquired single tooth loss.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss.


Pediatric mouth close view of severely affected upper anterior teeth with one severely darkened non-vital tooth and adjacent normal teeth.

Single severely darkened pediatric anterior tooth.

Vitality testing, paediatric dental review.

Explanation: Single non-vital pediatric tooth likely from trauma.

Explanation: Classic single non-vital tooth.


Adult frontal close view of severely affected dentition with heavy brown cervical staining, severe gingival recession exposing root surfaces, mild crowding, broken-down structures on upper anteriors, and severely inflamed bleeding gingival margins with combined active disease.

Severely affected adult dentition with cervical staining, recession, broken structures, and severe gingivitis.

Multi-session scaling, periodontal therapy, restorative evaluation, fluoride to exposed roots, recall every two weeks during treatment phase.

Explanation: Severe combined adult pathology with chronic periodontal disease, calculus burden, and structural compromise.

Explanation: Severe combined periodontitis.


Adult lower lingual close view of mandibular anteriors with mild yellow cervical staining and clean lingual surfaces.

Intact lingual mandibular anteriors with mild cervical staining.

Explanation: Mild lingual stain.

Explanation: Mild lingual stain.


Pediatric small mouth close view showing missing teeth and small dentition with limited field of view.

Pediatric mouth with apparent missing teeth and limited assessment.

Panoramic radiograph, paediatric review.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image with possible missing teeth.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.


Red-filtered close view of severely cavitated upper anteriors with brown coronal destruction and severely affected gingival tissues with bleeding under heavy red filter.

Severely cavitated upper anteriors with severe gingival inflammation under red filter.

Explanation: Filter limits but severe pathology evident.

Explanation: Severe combined pathology under filter.


Older patient close frontal close view of severely affected adult dentition with severe yellow staining, missing upper anterior tooth with gold prosthetic restoration on adjacent tooth, severely worn remaining teeth with broken-down structure, severe cervical caries lesions, and severely affected gingival tissues with mild recession.

Severely affected older adult dentition with missing anterior tooth, gold prosthesis, severe wear, cervical caries, and severe gingival inflammation.

Antibiotic if needed, urgent panoramic radiograph, surgical clearance of non-restorable, comprehensive prosthodontic planning, periodontal therapy.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult with combined acquired tooth loss, severe caries, wear, and periodontal disease requires comprehensive multi-disciplinary management.

Explanation: Severe combined caries with adult loss.


Adult close frontal view of severely affected dentition with severe yellow staining and broken-down anterior teeth.

Severely yellow worn adult dentition with broken structures.

Explanation: Severe attrition with combined pathology.

Explanation: Severe wear.


Pediatric mouth close view showing missing tooth space with bleeding socket and intact adjacent small teeth.

Pediatric anterior recent exfoliation socket with adjacent intact teeth.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation likely normal.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.


Adult close frontal close view of severely yellow-stained dentition with heavy brown cervical staining, mild gingival recession, severely affected anterior teeth with cervical lesions, and combined severe periodontal pathology.

Severely yellow dentition with brown cervical staining, recession, and severe gingivitis.

Multi-session scaling, periodontal therapy.

Explanation: Severe combined pathology.

Explanation: Severe periodontitis.


Very close magnified view of upper and lower anterior teeth with severe horizontal brown banded staining across cervical and middle thirds; teeth structurally intact behind heavy stain; gingival margins partially visible appear pink with localised mild redness; lip frames the image.

Severe horizontal banded brown staining on upper and lower anteriors with intact tooth structure; mild localised marginal redness.

Professional scaling and polishing to remove extrinsic stain, dietary counselling on tea coffee tobacco, hygiene reinforcement, three-month recall to assess stain recurrence.

Explanation: Severe horizontal banded stain is typically extrinsic chromogenic from dietary or tobacco exposure responding to polishing combined with behavioural modification.

Explanation: Severe banded extrinsic stain.


Older patient close view of severely affected dentition with missing upper anterior tooth and severely worn yellow remaining teeth with broken-down structures.

Severely affected older adult dentition with missing tooth and severe wear.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with severe wear.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss.


Side-by-side adult lower close view comparison showing mild yellow staining and mild gingival recession in both panels.

Side-by-side comparison of lower anteriors with mild staining and recession.

Explanation: Pre/post comparison of routine care.

Explanation: Side-by-side comparison.


Adult frontal close view of intact upper and lower anteriors with mild yellow tint and pink gingival margins.

Intact white anteriors with mild yellow tint.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close frontal view of severely yellow-stained worn dentition with crowded mild anteriors, mild cervical staining, slight wear on incisal edges, and pink gingival margins; teeth otherwise structurally intact behind heavy staining.

Severely yellow worn crowded adult dentition with mild cervical staining and slight wear; teeth intact.

Scaling and polish, supervised bleaching consultation, orthodontic consult for crowding, occlusal evaluation for wear, six-month recall.

Explanation: Severe yellow staining with concurrent crowding and wear reflects combined chromogenic exposure plus parafunctional habits in adult dentition.

Explanation: Severe yellow shade with wear.


Pediatric close mouth view of missing upper anterior tooth with bleeding socket.

Recent pediatric anterior exfoliation socket.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.


Red-filtered close view of severely affected upper anterior tooth with severe brown-black cervical staining and adjacent inflamed gingiva.

Severe localised cervical staining on upper anterior under red filter.

Explanation: Severe localised cervical staining.

Explanation: Severe localised stain.


Adult close frontal smile view of mostly intact white anterior teeth with mild yellow tint and pink gingival margins.

Intact aligned white anterior teeth with mild yellow tint.

Polish, supervised bleaching consult if desired.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close lateral close view of single yellow-stained upper anterior tooth with mild brown cervical staining and pink adjacent gingival margin; remaining teeth visible at edges with mild yellow tint.

Single yellow tooth with mild cervical staining; remaining teeth less affected with healthy gingiva.

Polish, hygiene reinforcement, six-month recall to monitor.

Explanation: Mild localised cervical staining on a single tooth responds to professional polish.

Explanation: Mild localised staining.


Pediatric small mouth close view showing missing upper anterior tooth space with intact lower anteriors.

Pediatric missing upper anterior tooth space.

Explanation: Pediatric anterior absence.

Explanation: Pediatric anterior absence.


Pediatric small mouth close view of side-by-side comparison showing mild yellow staining in both panels.

Pediatric side-by-side comparison view of mild yellow staining.

Explanation: Pediatric mild stain comparison view.

Explanation: Pediatric comparison view.


Adult close lateral close view of intact upper and lower anteriors with mild yellow shade and slight gingival recession on upper anteriors.

Intact lateral anteriors with mild yellow shade and slight recession.

Explanation: Mild presentation with slight recession.

Explanation: Largely healthy adult dentition.


Close adult lateral close view of mandibular anterior teeth with mild yellow staining on cervical thirds, mild gingival recession, and pink gingival margins with localised mild redness; teeth structurally intact and well-aligned.

Mandibular anteriors with mild cervical staining, mild recession, and localised mild marginal gingival redness; teeth aligned and intact.

Routine scaling and polishing, brushing technique demonstration with soft-bristled brush to address mild recession, fluoride to exposed root surfaces if any, six-month recall to monitor for recession progression.

Explanation: Mild cervical staining with mild recession may reflect aggressive brushing technique requiring soft-bristled gentle approach plus routine biofilm control.

Explanation: Mild cervical staining with recession.


Adult lateral close view of intact upper and lower posterior teeth with mild yellow tint and severely affected gingival tissues with mild recession.

Intact lateral posteriors with mild gingival inflammation.

Explanation: Mild adult presentation.

Explanation: Mild marginal gingivitis.


Pediatric mouth close view of irregular small teeth with apparent missing teeth and mixed dentition pattern; small mouth size limits assessment.

Pediatric mixed dentition with missing teeth; limited assessment.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.


Adult close lateral close view of intact aligned upper and lower posterior teeth with mild yellow cervical staining and pink gingival margins.

Intact lateral posteriors with mild cervical staining; gingiva pink.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.

Explanation: Healthy adult dentition.


Adult close lateral close view of severely affected dentition with severe wear on upper anterior teeth, broken-down structures, severely yellow-stained worn remaining teeth, and mild gingival recession on upper anteriors; combined severe wear and aging pathology.

Severely worn yellow-stained upper anteriors with broken structures and mild recession.

Comprehensive restorative and prosthodontic planning, occlusal evaluation, scaling.

Explanation: Severe age-related wear with broken structures needs comprehensive rehabilitation.

Explanation: Severe age-related attrition.


Older patient close view of severely worn yellow-stained dentition with severe wear on incisal edges and mild gingival recession.

Severely worn yellow older adult dentition with mild recession.

Occlusal evaluation, restorative planning.

Explanation: Severe age-related wear.

Explanation: Severe age-related wear.


Older patient close upper view of severely affected dentition with multiple missing upper anterior teeth, broken-down structures, gold prosthetic crown, and severely yellow-stained worn remaining teeth.

Severely affected older adult dentition with multi-tooth loss, gold prosthesis, broken structures, and severe wear.

Antibiotic if needed, comprehensive prosthodontic planning.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult with combined acquired tooth loss.

Explanation: Adult acquired multi-tooth loss.


Pediatric mouth close view of missing upper anterior tooth space and intact adjacent teeth.

Explanation: Pediatric anterior absence.

Explanation: Pediatric anterior absence.


Adult close frontal smile view of intact aligned upper and lower anterior teeth with mostly normal white shade and natural smile; gingival margins partially visible appear pink and healthy; the smile is unforced and aesthetic.

Healthy aesthetic intact white aligned upper and lower anteriors with pink gingival margins.

Maintain current oral hygiene practices, professional polish at next recall, six-month recall to monitor.

Explanation: Largely healthy adult dentition with normal age-related shade; ongoing biofilm control maintains the aesthetic state.

Explanation: Healthy aesthetic adult dentition.


Adult close lateral view of single upper anterior tooth with severe cervical caries lesion and intact adjacent teeth.

Single severe cervical caries on upper anterior; adjacent teeth intact.

Explanation: Severe cervical caries needs restoration.

Explanation: Severe single cervical caries.


Adult close upper palatal mirror view showing intact upper teeth with mild cervical staining and yellow shade.

Intact upper arch with mild cervical staining.

Explanation: Mild palatal stain.

Explanation: Mild palatal stain.


Older patient close lateral view of severely affected dentition with missing upper anterior tooth, severely worn yellow remaining teeth with broken structures, gingival recession, and gingival inflammation.

Severely affected older adult dentition with missing tooth, severe wear, and recession.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with severe wear.


Adult close frontal close view of severely affected dentition with severely yellow-stained worn teeth, severe gingival inflammation with bulbous overgrowth covering significant portions of upper anteriors, mild crowding, bleeding-prone gingival contour; teeth structurally intact behind heavy stain and overgrowth.

Severely yellow worn dentition with severe gingival enlargement covering upper anterior crowns; mild crowding; bleeding-prone contour.

Periodontal referral for gingival overgrowth biopsy, medication review for drug-induced enlargement, multi-session scaling, chlorhexidine, hygiene reinforcement, recall in two weeks for re-evaluation.

Explanation: Severe gingival overgrowth with concurrent yellow staining and crowding may be plaque-induced hyperplastic gingivitis or drug-induced enlargement requiring biopsy and history.

Explanation: Severe gingival enlargement.


Adult lower lingual close view of mandibular anteriors with mild yellow cervical staining and pink gingival margins.

Intact lingual mandibular anteriors with mild cervical staining.

Explanation: Mild lingual staining responds to polish.

Explanation: Mild lingual stain.


Adult close upper view of severely cavitated upper anterior teeth with brown coronal destruction and severely affected gingival tissues with bleeding; combined severe pathology.

Severely cavitated upper anteriors with severe gingival inflammation.

Antibiotic if needed, urgent comprehensive review, extraction of non-restorable.

Explanation: Severe combined caries and periodontitis.

Explanation: Severe non-restorable caries.


Adult close lateral view of severely yellow-orange stained dentition with combined heavy chromogenic deposits and mild gingival recession.

Severely yellow-orange stained adult dentition with mild recession.

Scaling, dietary counselling, bleaching consult.

Explanation: Severe chromogenic staining.

Explanation: Severe yellow shade.


Older patient close view of severely affected dentition with multiple missing upper anterior teeth with retained roots, severely affected gingival tissues with bleeding around root remnants, and severely yellow-stained worn remaining teeth with broken structures; combined severe acquired multi-tooth loss with chronic odontogenic infection.

Severely affected older adult dentition with multiple retained roots, severe gingival inflammation around remnants, severe wear, and broken structures.

Antibiotic cover for chronic infection, urgent panoramic radiograph, surgical clearance of retained roots, comprehensive prosthodontic planning, periodontal therapy, recall every two weeks during treatment phase.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult with combined retained roots and active periodontal infection requires urgent surgical clearance before any prosthodontic rehabilitation can proceed safely.

Explanation: Adult acquired loss with retained roots.


Pediatric mouth close view of missing tooth with bleeding socket in upper anterior region.

Recent pediatric anterior exfoliation socket.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation.


Older patient close view of severely affected dentition with severely worn yellow teeth, gold prosthetic crown, multiple broken-down structures, and severely affected gingival tissues with mild recession.

Severely worn yellow dentition with gold prosthesis, broken structures, and recession.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult dentition.

Explanation: Severe wear with prosthesis.


Pediatric small mouth close view of mostly intact small teeth with single missing tooth in anterior region.

Pediatric mostly intact teeth with single missing anterior.

Explanation: Pediatric single anterior absence.

Explanation: Single anterior absence.


Adult close frontal close view of severely affected dentition with severely yellow stained chromogenic deposits on upper and lower anteriors, severe gingival recession on upper anteriors exposing root surfaces, and combined heavy chromogenic staining and recession pathology.

Severely yellow chromogenic stained adult anteriors with severe recession exposing root surfaces.

Multi-session scaling, dietary and tobacco counselling, fluoride to exposed roots, hygiene reinforcement.

Explanation: Severe combined chromogenic staining and periodontitis.

Explanation: Severe periodontitis with chromogenic stain.


Pediatric small mouth close view of single small intact tooth visible in foreground with surrounding tongue and mucosa.

Single pediatric tooth visible with limited field.

Explanation: Limited image.

Explanation: Limited image; tongue dominates.


Adult close lateral close view of single upper anterior tooth with severe yellow-brown cervical caries lesion and adjacent inflamed bleeding gingival tissue.

Severe cervical caries on upper anterior with adjacent gingival bleeding.

Explanation: Severe cervical caries with adjacent inflammation.

Explanation: Severe cervical caries.


Close cervical area of mandibular anterior teeth showing very subtle chalky white-spot lesions on adjacent teeth at the cervical region.

Very subtle white-spot lesions on cervical mandibular anteriors.

Explanation: White-spot lesions reversible.

Explanation: Subtle white-spot lesions.


Pediatric close mouth view of recent anterior exfoliation socket with bleeding and adjacent small intact teeth in mixed dentition.

Recent pediatric anterior exfoliation socket with bleeding; mixed dentition pattern.

Monitor socket healing, paediatric dental review at next appointment.

Explanation: Recent exfoliation likely follows normal mixed-dentition transition; permanent successor should emerge in coming months.

Explanation: Recent normal exfoliation.


Older adult close view of severely affected dentition with severely worn yellow-stained crowded anterior teeth, broken-down structures, severe gingival recession exposing root surfaces, and chromogenic deposits.

Severely worn yellow crowded older adult dentition with broken structures and severe recession.

Comprehensive prosthodontic and periodontal planning.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult.

Explanation: Severe age-related wear.


Close cervical view of upper anterior teeth with severe brown cervical caries lesions on multiple teeth and mild gingival recession.

Multiple severe cervical caries on upper anteriors with mild recession.

Excavate and restore each lesion, fluoride to roots.

Explanation: Multiple severe cervical caries.

Explanation: Multiple severe cervical caries.


Pediatric mouth close view of missing upper central incisor with intact adjacent small teeth.

Single missing upper central incisor in pediatric mouth.

Panoramic radiograph, paediatric orthodontic referral.

Explanation: Single central absence needs imaging.

Explanation: Single central space.


Older patient close frontal close view of severely affected adult dentition with severely yellow-stained worn teeth, severe gingival inflammation with active bleeding, mild crowding, severe gingival recession on upper anteriors exposing root surfaces, and combined heavy chromogenic staining; advanced periodontal disease state.

Severely affected older adult dentition with yellow staining, severe gingival inflammation with bleeding, mild crowding, and severe recession; advanced periodontitis.

Antibiotic cover if needed, multi-session ultrasonic scaling with periodontal probing, periodontal referral for advanced disease, chlorhexidine 0.2% rinse for two weeks, fluoride to exposed root surfaces, recall in two weeks for re-evaluation.

Explanation: Severely affected older adult dentition with combined chromogenic staining and advanced periodontitis with recession reflects long-standing periodontal disease requiring comprehensive periodontal therapy combined with chemical adjuncts and sustained biofilm control.


Close lateral view of single tooth with mild incisal chip and adjacent intact teeth.

Single tooth with mild incisal chip; adjacent teeth intact.

Smoothing of chipped edge or composite restoration.

Explanation: Mild incisal chip from trauma or wear.

Explanation: Mild incisal chip.


Adult close occlusal mirror view of mandibular posterior teeth showing single tooth with cavitated occlusal caries lesion.

Single cavitated occlusal mandibular molar caries.

Explanation: Cavitated molar caries needs restoration.

Explanation: Cavitated molar caries.


Adult close lateral view of single upper anterior tooth with severe darkening from cervical region toward incisal edge, suggesting non-vitality; adjacent teeth normal shade.

Single severely darkened upper anterior contrasted with adjacent normal teeth.

Explanation: Single non-vital tooth presentation.

Explanation: Classic single non-vital tooth.


Adult close occlusal mirror view of mandibular posterior teeth showing multiple severely cavitated occlusal lesions with deep brown coronal destruction on adjacent teeth; teeth otherwise intact behind active disease.

Multiple severely cavitated occlusal molar lesions with deep brown coronal destruction.

Vitality testing on cavitated teeth, periapical radiographs, endodontic or restorative based on pulpal status, comprehensive restorative planning, fluoride application, hygiene reinforcement, recall every two weeks during treatment.

Explanation: Multiple severely cavitated molar lesions with deep coronal destruction need urgent vitality assessment and comprehensive restorative care to halt active progression and preserve remaining tooth structure.

Explanation: Multiple severe cavitated lesions.


Close frontal view of severely affected dentition with severely yellow-orange stained teeth, heavy cervical brown staining, mild gingival recession, and severely affected gingival tissues with active bleeding.

Severely yellow-orange stained dentition with brown cervical staining, recession, and severe gingival inflammation.

Multi-session scaling, periodontal therapy, dietary counselling.

Explanation: Severe periodontitis with stain.


Adult frontal smile view of severely yellow-stained teeth with intact structure and pink gingival margins.

Severely yellow stained adult dentition; teeth structurally intact.

Scaling and polishing, dietary counselling, supervised bleaching consult.

Explanation: Severe yellow staining responds to professional cleaning and bleaching.

Explanation: Severe yellow shade.


Lower lingual mirror view of mandibular anteriors showing heavy yellow-brown cervical calculus deposits on the lingual surfaces and adjacent inflamed gingival margins.

Heavy lingual cervical calculus on mandibular anteriors with adjacent gingival inflammation.

Multi-session ultrasonic scaling targeting lingual cervical region, polish, hygiene reinforcement with lingual brushing technique, two-week recall.

Explanation: Heavy lingual calculus harbours biofilm; targeted scaling resolves the inflammation.

Explanation: Heavy lingual calculus.


Very close magnified view of upper and lower anterior teeth showing severely yellow-brown stained cervical regions with heavy brown extrinsic deposits extending from gingival margin toward the middle thirds of multiple teeth; teeth structurally intact behind the heavy staining; gingival margins partially visible appear pink with localised mild redness.

Severely yellow-brown cervical extrinsic staining on upper and lower anteriors with heavy chromogenic deposits; teeth structurally intact; localised mild marginal gingival redness adjacent to deposits.

Multi-session professional scaling and polishing to remove heavy extrinsic stain, dietary counselling on chromogenic beverages, tobacco cessation if applicable, hygiene reinforcement with brushing technique focused on cervical region, three-month recall to assess stain recurrence and maintain gingival health.

Explanation: Severe chromogenic cervical staining is typically driven by combined dietary chromogen exposure, mature plaque biofilm interaction, and possibly tobacco use; professional cleaning combined with behavioural modification addresses the underlying causes and reduces recurrence rate.

Explanation: Severe chromogenic cervical stain.


Pediatric mouth close view of small irregular teeth with apparent missing teeth in mixed dentition.

Pediatric mixed dentition with apparent missing teeth and small irregular alignment.

Panoramic radiograph, paediatric review.

Explanation: Pediatric mixed-dentition gap likely.

Explanation: Pediatric mixed dentition.


Pediatric close mouth view of small irregular teeth with apparent missing tooth in mixed dentition; limited field of view due to small mouth.

Pediatric mixed dentition with apparent missing tooth; limited field of view.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.

Explanation: Limited pediatric image.