Article 312A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 315

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 315.

Explanation: Article 315 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' under the Constitution of India.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 315 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 315 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 315

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 315 (Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States).

Output: Article Article 315 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 315 ('संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 315 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' under Article 315.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 315 के तहत 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Tribunals for Other Matters'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 323B.

Explanation: Article 323B specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Tribunals for Other Matters' under the Constitution of India.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 323B की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 323B विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 323B (Tribunals for Other Matters).

Output: Article Article 323B establishes the fundamental framework for 'Tribunals for Other Matters' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 323B ('अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 323B भारत के संविधान में 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Premise: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Tribunals for Other Matters' under Article 323B.

Output: Entailment


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 323B के तहत 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Premise: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Tribunals for Other Matters'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Premise: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 325

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 325.

Explanation: Article 325 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex' under the Constitution of India.


Article 325

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 325 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 325 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 325

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 325 (No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex).

Output: Article Article 325 establishes the fundamental framework for 'No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either Hous.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 325

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 325 ('कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 325 भारत के संविधान में 'कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either Hous...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 325

Input:
Premise: There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex' under Article 325.

Output: Entailment


Article 325

Input:
आधार (Premise): There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 325 के तहत 'कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 325

Input:
Premise: There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'No Person to Be Ineligible for Inclusion In, or to Claim to Be Included in a Special, Electoral Roll on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste or Sex'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 325

Input:
आधार (Premise): There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कोई भी व्यक्ति धर्म, नस्ल, जाति या लिंग के आधार पर किसी विशेष मतदाता सूची में शामिल होने या शामिल होने का दावा करने के लिए अयोग्य नहीं होगा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 325

Input:
Premise: There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 325

Input:
आधार (Premise): There shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 346

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 346.

Explanation: Article 346 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union' under the Constitution of India.


Article 346

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 346 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 346 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 346

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 346 (Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union).

Output: Article Article 346 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one Sta.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 346

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 346 ('एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 346 भारत के संविधान में 'एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one Sta...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 346

Input:
Premise: The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union' under Article 346.

Output: Entailment


Article 346

Input:
आधार (Premise): The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 346 के तहत 'एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 346

Input:
Premise: The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Official Language for Communication Between One State and Another or Between a State and the Union'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 346

Input:
आधार (Premise): The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'एक राज्य और दूसरे राज्य के बीच या एक राज्य और संघ के बीच संचार के लिए राजभाषा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 346

Input:
Premise: The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 346

Input:
आधार (Premise): The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union:
Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 348

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 348.

Explanation: Article 348 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc' under the Constitution of India.


Article 348

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 348 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 348 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 348

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 348 (Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc).

Output:
Article Article 348 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 348

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 348 ('सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 348 भारत के संविधान में 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 348

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc' under Article 348.

Output: Entailment


Article 348

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 348 के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 348

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Language to Be Used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, Etc'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 348

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय और उच्च न्यायालयों में और अधिनियमों, विधेयकों आदि के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली भाषा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 348

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 348

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides —
(a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court,
(b) the authoritative texts —
(i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either House of the Legislature of a State,
(ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor of a State, and
(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State,
shall be in the English language.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 361A

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 361A.

Explanation: Article 361A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures' under the Constitution of India.


Article 361A

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 361A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 361A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 361A

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 361A (Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures).

Output: Article Article 361A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 361A

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 361A ('संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 361A भारत के संविधान में 'संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 361A

Input:
Premise: (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures' under Article 361A.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 361A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 361A के तहत 'संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 361A

Input:
Premise: (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Protection of Publication of Proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 361A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संसद और राज्य विधानमंडलों की कार्यवाही के प्रकाशन का संरक्षण' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 361A

Input:
Premise: (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 361A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) No person shall be liable to any proceedings, civil or criminal, in any court in respect of the publication in a newspaper of a substantially true report of any proceedings of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State, unless the publication is proved to have been made with malice:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to the publication of any report of the proceedings of a secret sitting of either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly, or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature, of a State.
(2) Clause (1) shall apply in relation to reports or matters broadcast by means of wireless telegraphy as part of any programme or service provided by means of a broadcasting station as it applies in relation to reports or matters published in a newspaper.
Explanation. — In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper .

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 371H

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 371H.

Explanation: Article 371H specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh' under the Constitution of India.


Article 371H

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 371H की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 371H विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 371H

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 371H (Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh).

Output:
Article Article 371H establishes the fundamental framework for 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 371H

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 371H ('अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 371H भारत के संविधान में 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 371H

Input:
Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh' under Article 371H.

Output: Entailment


Article 371H

Input:
आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 371H के तहत 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 371H

Input:
Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 371H

Input:
आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'अरुणाचल प्रदेश राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 371H

Input:
Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 371H

Input:
आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken:
Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment:
Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order;
(b) the Legislative Assembly of the State of Arunachal Pradesh shall consist of not less than thirty members.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 372A

Power of the President to Adapt Laws

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Power of the President to Adapt Laws'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 372A.

Explanation: Article 372A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Power of the President to Adapt Laws' under the Constitution of India.


Article 372A

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 372A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 372A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 372A

Power of the President to Adapt Laws

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 372A (Power of the President to Adapt Laws).

Output: Article Article 372A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Power of the President to Adapt Laws' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Consti.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.


Article 372A

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 372A ('कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 372A भारत के संविधान में 'कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Consti...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।


Article 372A

Power of the President to Adapt Laws

Input:
Premise: (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Power of the President to Adapt Laws' under Article 372A.

Output: Entailment


Article 372A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 372A के तहत 'कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment


Article 372A

Power of the President to Adapt Laws

Input:
Premise: (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Power of the President to Adapt Laws'.

Output: Contradiction


Article 372A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कानूनों को अपनाने की राष्ट्रपति की शक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction


Article 372A

Power of the President to Adapt Laws

Input:
Premise: (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral


Article 372A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, into accord with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by that Act, the President may by order made before the first day of November, 1957, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and provide that the law shall, as from such date as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall be deemed to prevent a competent Legislature or other competent authority from repealing or amending any law adapted or modified by the President under the said clause.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral


Article 393

Short Title

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Short Title'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 393.

Explanation: Article 393 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Short Title' under the Constitution of India.


Article 393

संक्षिप्त शीर्षक

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संक्षिप्त शीर्षक' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 393 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 393 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संक्षिप्त शीर्षक' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।