Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 293 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 293 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input: Summarize Article 293 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 293 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Borrowing by States'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 293 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 293 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 293 (Borrowing by States).

Output: Article Article 293 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Borrowing by States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 293 ('राज्यों द्वारा उधार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 293 भारत के संविधान में 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Borrowing by States' under Article 293.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 293 के तहत 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Borrowing by States'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 293

Borrowing by States

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 293: Borrowing by States
Text: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of ...

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 293 deals with 'Borrowing by States' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 293

राज्यों द्वारा उधार

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 293: राज्यों द्वारा उधार
पाठ: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of ...

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 293 'राज्यों द्वारा उधार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 295

Input: What does Article 295 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 295 governs 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases'. The constitutional text states: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 295 is titled 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 295

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 295 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 295 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 295 का शीर्षक 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 295

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases'?

Output: Article 295

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' under the provisions of Article 295.


Article 295

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 295

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 295 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' स्थापित करता है।


Article 295

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 295.

Explanation: Article 295 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' under the Constitution of India.


Article 295

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 295 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 295 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 295

Input: Summarize Article 295 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 295 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 295

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 295 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 295 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 295

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 295 (Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases).

Output:
Article Article 295 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian S.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 295

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 295 ('अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 295 भारत के संविधान में 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian S...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 295

Input:
Premise: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' under Article 295.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 295

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 295 के तहत 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 295

Input:
Premise: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 295

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 295

Input:
Premise: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 295

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall vest in the Union, if the purposes for which such property and assets were held immediately before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Union relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List, and
(b) all rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of any Indian State corresponding to a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, shall be the rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government of India, if the purposes for which such rights were acquired or liabilities or obligations were incurred before such commencement will thereafter be purposes of the Government of India relating to any of the matters enumerated in the Union List,
subject to any agreement entered into in that behalf by the Government of India with the Government of that State.
(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Government of each State specified in Part B of the First Schedule shall, as from the commencement of this Constitution, be the successor of the Government of the corresponding Indian State as regards all property and assets and all rights, liabilities and obligations, whether arising out of any contract or otherwise, other than those referred to in clause (1).

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 295

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 295: Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases
Text: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian S...

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 295 deals with 'Succession to Property, Assets, Rights, Liabilities and Obligations in Other Cases' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 295

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 295: अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार
पाठ: (1) As from the commencement of this Constitution —
(a) all property and assets which immediately before such commencement were vested in any Indian S...

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 295 'अन्य मामलों में संपत्ति, परिसंपत्तियों, अधिकारों, देनदारियों और दायित्वों का उत्तराधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 301

Input: What does Article 301 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 301 governs 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse'. The constitutional text states: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 301 is titled 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 301 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 301 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 301 का शीर्षक 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 301

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse'?

Output: Article 301

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' under the provisions of Article 301.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 301

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 301 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' स्थापित करता है।


Article 301

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 301.

Explanation: Article 301 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' under the Constitution of India.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 301 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 301 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 301

Input: Summarize Article 301 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 301 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 301 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 301 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 301

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 301 (Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse).

Output: Article Article 301 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.. This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 301 ('व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 301 भारत के संविधान में 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 301

Input:
Premise: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' under Article 301.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 301 के तहत 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 301

Input:
Premise: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 301

Input:
Premise: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 301

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 301: Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse
Text: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 301 deals with 'Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 301

व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 301: व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता
पाठ: Subject to the other provisions of this Part, trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free.

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 301 'व्यापार, वाणिज्य और संभोग की स्वतंत्रता' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 312A

Input: What does Article 312A of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 312A governs 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services'. The constitutional text states: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 312A is titled 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 312A

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 312A क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 312A 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 312A का शीर्षक 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 312A

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services'?

Output: Article 312A

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' under the provisions of Article 312A.


Article 312A

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 312A

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 312A के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' स्थापित करता है।


Article 312A

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 312A.

Explanation: Article 312A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' under the Constitution of India.


Article 312A

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 312A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 312A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 312A

Input: Summarize Article 312A of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 312A defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 312A

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 312A का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 312A 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 312A

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 312A (Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services).

Output:
Article Article 312A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave a.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 312A

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 312A ('कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 312A भारत के संविधान में 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave a...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 312A

Input:
Premise: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' under Article 312A.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 312A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 312A के तहत 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 312A

Input:
Premise: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 312A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 312A

Input:
Premise: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 312A

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, to serve under the Government of India or of a State in any service or post;
(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India before the commencement of this Constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentyeighth Amendment) Act, 1972:
Provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the Chief Justice or other Judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court, the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, the Chairman or other member of the Union or a State Public Service Commission or the Chief Election Commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering Parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the Secretary of State or Secretary of State in Council to a civil service of the Crown in India.
(2) Except to the extent provided for by Parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any Legislature or other authority under any other provision of this Constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).
(3) Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —
(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the Crown in India or his continuance in service under the Government of the Dominion of India or a Province thereof;
(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this Constitution.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 312A

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 312A: Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services
Text: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave a...

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 312A deals with 'Power of Parliament to Vary or Revoke Conditions of Service of Officers of Certain Services' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 312A

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 312A: कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति
पाठ: (1) Parliament may by law —
(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave a...

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 312A 'कुछ सेवाओं के अधिकारियों की सेवा शर्तों को बदलने या रद्द करने की संसद की शक्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 315

Input: What does Article 315 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 315 governs 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'. The constitutional text states: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 315 is titled 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 315 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 315 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 315 का शीर्षक 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 315

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'?

Output: Article 315

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' under the provisions of Article 315.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 315

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 315 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' स्थापित करता है।


Article 315

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 315.

Explanation: Article 315 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' under the Constitution of India.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 315 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 315 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 315

Input: Summarize Article 315 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 315 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 315 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 315 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 315

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 315 (Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States).

Output: Article Article 315 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 315 ('संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 315 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' under Article 315.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 315 के तहत 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 315

Input:
Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
(2) Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission (referred to in this Chapter as Joint Commission) to serve the needs of those States.
(3) Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
(4) The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
(5) References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 315

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 315: Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
Text: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State...

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 315 deals with 'Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 315

संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 315: संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग
पाठ: (1) Subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State...

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 315 'संघ और राज्यों के लिए लोक सेवा आयोग' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input: What does Article 323B of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 323B governs 'Tribunals for Other Matters'. The constitutional text states: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 323B is titled 'Tribunals for Other Matters' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 323B क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 323B 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 323B का शीर्षक 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Tribunals for Other Matters'?

Output: Article 323B

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Tribunals for Other Matters' under the provisions of Article 323B.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 323B

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 323B के प्रावधानों के तहत 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' स्थापित करता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Tribunals for Other Matters'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 323B.

Explanation: Article 323B specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Tribunals for Other Matters' under the Constitution of India.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 323B की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 323B विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input: Summarize Article 323B of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 323B defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Tribunals for Other Matters'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 323B का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 323B 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 323B (Tribunals for Other Matters).

Output: Article Article 323B establishes the fundamental framework for 'Tribunals for Other Matters' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 323B ('अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 323B भारत के संविधान में 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 323B

Tribunals for Other Matters

Input:
Premise: (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Tribunals for Other Matters' under Article 323B.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 323B

अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by tribunals of any disputes, complaints, or offences with respect to all or any of the matters specified in clause (2) with respect to which such Legislature has power to make laws.
(2) The matters referred to in clause (1) are the following, namely: —
(a) levy, assessment, collection and enforcement of any tax;
(b) foreign exchange, import and export across customs frontiers;
(c) industrial and labour disputes;
(d) land reforms by way of acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights or by way of ceiling on agricultural land or in any other way;
(e) ceiling on urban property;
(f) elections to either House of Parliament or the House or either House of the Legislature of a State, but excluding the matters referred to in article 329 and article 329A;
(g) production, procurement, supply and distribution of food-stuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils) and such other goods as the President may, by public notification, declare to be essential goods for the purpose of this article and control of prices of such goods;
(h) rent, its regulation and control and tenancy issues including the right, title and interest of landlords and tenants;
(i) offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (h) and fees in respect of any of those matters;
(j) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (i).
(3) A law made under clause (1) may —
(a) provide for the establishment of a hierarchy of tribunals;
(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;
(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;
(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to all or any of the matters falling within the jurisdiction of the said tribunals;
(e) provide for the transfer to each such tribunal of any cases pending before any court or any other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;
(f) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as the appropriate Legislature may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.
(4) The provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Explanation. — In this article, “appropriate Legislature”, in relation to any matter, means Parliament or, as the case may be, a State Legislature competent to make laws with respect to such matter in accordance with the provisions of Part XI.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 323B के तहत 'अन्य मामलों के लिए न्यायाधिकरण' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।