Article 3

Input: What does Article 3 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 3 governs 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States'. The constitutional text states: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 3 is titled 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 3

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 3 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 3 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 3 का शीर्षक 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 3

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States'?

Output: Article 3

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' under the provisions of Article 3.


Article 3

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 3

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 3 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' स्थापित करता है।


Article 3

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 3.

Explanation: Article 3 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' under the Constitution of India.


Article 3

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 3 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 3 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 3

Input: Summarize Article 3 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 3 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 3

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 3 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 3 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 3

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 3 (Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States).

Output:
Article Article 3 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by unitin.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 3

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 3 ('नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 3 भारत के संविधान में 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by unitin...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 3

Input:
Premise: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' under Article 3.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 3

Input:
आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 3 के तहत 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 3

Input:
Premise: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 3

Input:
आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 3

Input:
Premise: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 3

Input:
आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State:
Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may be specified in the reference or within such further period as the President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has expired.
Explanation I.—In this article, in clauses (a) to (e), "State'' includes a Union territory, but in the proviso, "State'' does not include a Union territory.
Explanation II.—The power conferred on Parliament by clause (a) includes the power to form a new State or Union territory by uniting a part of any State or Union territory to any other State or Union territory.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 3

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 3: Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States
Text: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by unitin...

Output: Federal Structure

Explanation: Article 3 deals with 'Formation of New States and Alteration of Areas, Boundaries or Names of Existing States' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.


Article 3

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 3: नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन
पाठ: Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by unitin...

Output: संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा

Explanation: Article 3 'नए राज्यों का गठन और मौजूदा राज्यों के क्षेत्रों, सीमाओं या नामों में परिवर्तन' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input: What does Article 12 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 12 governs 'Definitions'. The constitutional text states: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 12 is titled 'Definitions' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 12 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 12 'परिभाषाएँ' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 12 का शीर्षक 'परिभाषाएँ' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Definitions'?

Output: Article 12

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Definitions' under the provisions of Article 12.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'परिभाषाएँ' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 12

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 12 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' स्थापित करता है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Definitions'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 12.

Explanation: Article 12 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Definitions' under the Constitution of India.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'परिभाषाएँ' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 12 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 12 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input: Summarize Article 12 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 12 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Definitions'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 12 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 12 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 12

Definitions

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 12 (Definitions).

Output: Article Article 12 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Definitions' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislatu.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 12 ('परिभाषाएँ') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 12 भारत के संविधान में 'परिभाषाएँ' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislatu...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 12

Definitions

Input:
Premise: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Definitions' under Article 12.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input:
आधार (Premise): In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 12 के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 12

Definitions

Input:
Premise: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Definitions'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input:
आधार (Premise): In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input:
Premise: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input:
आधार (Premise): In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 12

Definitions

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 12: Definitions
Text: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislatu...

Output: Fundamental Rights

Explanation: Article 12 deals with 'Definitions' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.


Article 12

परिभाषाएँ

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 12: परिभाषाएँ
पाठ: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislatu...

Output: मौलिक अधिकार

Explanation: Article 12 'परिभाषाएँ' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 13

Input: What does Article 13 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 13 governs 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights'. The constitutional text states: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 13 is titled 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 13

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 13 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 13 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 13 का शीर्षक 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 13

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights'?

Output: Article 13

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' under the provisions of Article 13.


Article 13

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 13

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 13 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' स्थापित करता है।


Article 13

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 13.

Explanation: Article 13 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' under the Constitution of India.


Article 13

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 13 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 13 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 13

Input: Summarize Article 13 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 13 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 13

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 13 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 13 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 13

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 13 (Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights).

Output: Article Article 13 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 13

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 13 ('मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 13 भारत के संविधान में 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 13

Input:
Premise: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' under Article 13.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 13

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 13 के तहत 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 13

Input:
Premise: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 13

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 13

Input:
Premise: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 13

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.
(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 13

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 13: Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights
Text: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the ...

Output: Fundamental Rights

Explanation: Article 13 deals with 'Laws Inconsistent with or in Derogation of the Fundamental Rights' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.


Article 13

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 13: मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून
पाठ: (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the ...

Output: मौलिक अधिकार

Explanation: Article 13 'मौलिक अधिकारों से असंगत या उनका अल्पीकरण करने वाले कानून' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 15

Input: What does Article 15 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 15 governs 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth'. The constitutional text states: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 15 is titled 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 15

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 15 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 15 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 15 का शीर्षक 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 15

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth'?

Output: Article 15

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth' under the provisions of Article 15.


Article 15

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 15

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 15 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' स्थापित करता है।


Article 15

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A public water utility provider funded entirely by public taxpayers restricts access to drinking water wells in a municipal area, permitting only citizens belonging to specific religious groups to draw water.

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential violation of Article 15.

Explanation: Article 15 explicitly prohibits discrimination by the State against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, specifically covering public assets like wells.


Article 15

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

पूरी तरह से सार्वजनिक करदाताओं द्वारा वित्त पोषित एक सार्वजनिक जल उपयोगिता प्रदाता एक नगरपालिका क्षेत्र में पीने के पानी के कुओं तक पहुंच को प्रतिबंधित करता है, केवल विशिष्ट धार्मिक समूहों से संबंधित नागरिकों को पानी निकालने की अनुमति देता है।

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: अनुच्छेद 15 का संभावित उल्लंघन।

Explanation: अनुच्छेद 15 स्पष्ट रूप से राज्य द्वारा केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर किसी भी नागरिक के खिलाफ भेदभाव को प्रतिबंधित करता है, विशेष रूप से कुओं जैसी सार्वजनिक संपत्तियों को कवर करता है।


Article 15

Input: Summarize Article 15 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 15 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 15

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 15 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 15 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 15

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 15 (Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth).

Output:
Article Article 15 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 15

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 15 ('धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 15 भारत के संविधान में 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 15

Input:
Premise: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth' under Article 15.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 15

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 15 के तहत 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 15

Input:
Premise: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 15

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 15

Input:
Premise: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 15

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
(5) Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30.
(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
(a) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5); and
(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article and article 16, "economically weaker sections" shall be such as may be notified by the State from time to time on the basis of family income and other indicators of economic disadvantage.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 15

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth
Text: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen ...

Output: Fundamental Rights

Explanation: Article 15 deals with 'Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.


Article 15

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 15: धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध
पाठ: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen ...

Output: मौलिक अधिकार

Explanation: Article 15 'धर्म, नस्ल, जाति, लिंग या जन्म स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव का निषेध' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 16

Input: What does Article 16 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 16 governs 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment'. The constitutional text states: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 16 is titled 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 16

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 16 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 16 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 16 का शीर्षक 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 16

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment'?

Output: Article 16

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment' under the provisions of Article 16.


Article 16

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 16

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 16 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' स्थापित करता है।


Article 16

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A municipal school board publishes a recruitment notice for primary teachers stating that only residents born within that specific city will be eligible for appointment to the public offices.

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential violation of Article 16.

Explanation: Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in public employment and prohibits discrimination based on residence, except as prescribed under a specific parliamentary law under Article 16(3).


Article 16

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक नगर निगम स्कूल बोर्ड प्राथमिक शिक्षकों के लिए एक भर्ती सूचना प्रकाशित करता है जिसमें कहा गया है कि केवल उसी विशिष्ट शहर में पैदा हुए निवासी ही सार्वजनिक पदों पर नियुक्ति के लिए पात्र होंगे।

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: अनुच्छेद 16 का संभावित उल्लंघन।

Explanation: अनुच्छेद 16 सार्वजनिक रोजगार में अवसर की समानता की गारंटी देता है और निवास स्थान के आधार पर भेदभाव को प्रतिबंधित करता है, सिवाय इसके कि अनुच्छेद 16(3) के तहत एक विशिष्ट संसदीय कानून के तहत निर्धारित किया गया हो।


Article 16

Input: Summarize Article 16 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 16 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 16

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 16 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 16 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 16

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 16 (Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment).

Output:
Article Article 16 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No cit.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 16

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 16 ('सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output:
अनुच्छेद Article 16 भारत के संविधान में 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No cit...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 16

Input:
Premise: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment' under Article 16.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 16

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 16 के तहत 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 16

Input:
Premise: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 16

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 16

Input:
Premise: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 16

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.
(4B) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent. reservation on total number of vacancies of that year.
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination.
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 16

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 16: Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment
Text: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No cit...

Output: Fundamental Rights

Explanation: Article 16 deals with 'Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.


Article 16

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 16: सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता
पाठ: (1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No cit...

Output: मौलिक अधिकार

Explanation: Article 16 'सार्वजनिक रोजगार के मामलों में अवसर की समानता' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 38

Input: What does Article 38 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 38 governs 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People'. The constitutional text states: (1)The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 38 is titled 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 38

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 38 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 38 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) राज्य एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था को सुरक्षित और संरक्षित करके लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने का प्रयास करेगा जिसमें न्याय, सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक, राष्ट्रीय जीवन की सभी संस्थाओं को सूचित करेगा।
(2) राज्य, विशेष रूप से, आय में असमानताओं को कम करने का प्रयास करेगा, और न केवल व्यक्तियों के बीच, बल्कि विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में रहने वाले या विभिन्न व्यवसायों में लगे लोगों के समूहों के बीच भी स्थिति, सुविधाओं और अवसरों में असमानताओं को खत्म करने का प्रयास करेगा।.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 38 का शीर्षक 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 38

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People'?

Output: Article 38

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People' under the provisions of Article 38.


Article 38

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 38

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 38 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' स्थापित करता है।


Article 38

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 38.

Explanation: Article 38 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People' under the Constitution of India.


Article 38

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 38 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 38 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 38

Input: Summarize Article 38 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 38 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 38

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 38 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 38 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 38

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 38 (State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People).

Output: Article Article 38 establishes the fundamental framework for 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1)The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, so.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 38

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 38 ('लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 38 भारत के संविधान में 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) राज्य एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था को सुरक्षित और संरक्षित करके लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने का प्रयास करेगा जिसमें न्याय, सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक, र...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 38

Input:
Premise: (1)The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
(2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People' under Article 38.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 38

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) राज्य एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था को सुरक्षित और संरक्षित करके लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने का प्रयास करेगा जिसमें न्याय, सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक, राष्ट्रीय जीवन की सभी संस्थाओं को सूचित करेगा।
(2) राज्य, विशेष रूप से, आय में असमानताओं को कम करने का प्रयास करेगा, और न केवल व्यक्तियों के बीच, बल्कि विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में रहने वाले या विभिन्न व्यवसायों में लगे लोगों के समूहों के बीच भी स्थिति, सुविधाओं और अवसरों में असमानताओं को खत्म करने का प्रयास करेगा।

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 38 के तहत 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 38

Input:
Premise: (1)The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
(2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'State to Secure a Social Order for the Promotion of Welfare of the People'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 38

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) राज्य एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था को सुरक्षित और संरक्षित करके लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने का प्रयास करेगा जिसमें न्याय, सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक, राष्ट्रीय जीवन की सभी संस्थाओं को सूचित करेगा।
(2) राज्य, विशेष रूप से, आय में असमानताओं को कम करने का प्रयास करेगा, और न केवल व्यक्तियों के बीच, बल्कि विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में रहने वाले या विभिन्न व्यवसायों में लगे लोगों के समूहों के बीच भी स्थिति, सुविधाओं और अवसरों में असमानताओं को खत्म करने का प्रयास करेगा।

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'लोगों के कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए एक सामाजिक व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करने के लिए राज्य' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 38

Input:
Premise: (1)The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
(2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.