Article 129

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 129: सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को अभिलेख न्यायालय बनाया जाएगा
पाठ: The Supreme Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 129 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को अभिलेख न्यायालय बनाया जाएगा' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 131

Input: What does Article 131 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 131 governs 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 131 is titled 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 131 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 131 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 131 का शीर्षक 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 131

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'?

Output: Article 131

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 131.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 131

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 131 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' स्थापित करता है।


Article 131

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 131.

Explanation: Article 131 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 131 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 131 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 131

Input: Summarize Article 131 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 131 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 131 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 131 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 131

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 131 (Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court).

Output: Article Article 131 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any disput.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 131 ('सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 131 भारत के संविधान में 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any disput...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 131

Input:
Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under Article 131.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 131 के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 131

Input:
Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 131

Input:
Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input:
आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute —
(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or
(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends:
Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 131

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 131: Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Text: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any disput...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 131 deals with 'Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 131

सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 131: सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार
पाठ: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any disput...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 131 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का मूल क्षेत्राधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 133

Input: What does Article 133 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 133 governs 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters'. The constitutional text states: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 133 is titled 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 133

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 133 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 133 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 133 का शीर्षक 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 133

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters'?

Output: Article 133

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' under the provisions of Article 133.


Article 133

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 133

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 133 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' स्थापित करता है।


Article 133

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 133.

Explanation: Article 133 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' under the Constitution of India.


Article 133

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 133 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 133 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 133

Input: Summarize Article 133 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 133 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 133

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 133 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 133 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 133

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 133 (Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters).

Output: Article Article 133 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 133

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 133 ('सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 133 भारत के संविधान में 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 133

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' under Article 133.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 133

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 133 के तहत 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 133

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 133

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 133

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 133

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court certifies under article 134A—
(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance; and
(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 133

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 133: Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters
Text: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India ...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 133 deals with 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in Regard to Civil Matters' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 133

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 133: सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार
पाठ: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India ...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 133 'सिविल मामलों के संबंध में उच्च न्यायालयों से अपील में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 134

Input: What does Article 134 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 134 governs 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters'. The constitutional text states: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 134 is titled 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 134

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 134 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 134 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 134 का शीर्षक 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 134

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters'?

Output: Article 134

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' under the provisions of Article 134.


Article 134

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 134

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 134 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' स्थापित करता है।


Article 134

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 134.

Explanation: Article 134 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' under the Constitution of India.


Article 134

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 134 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 134 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 134

Input: Summarize Article 134 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 134 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 134

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 134 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 134 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 134

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 134 (Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters).

Output: Article Article 134 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of I.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 134

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 134 ('आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 134 भारत के संविधान में 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of I...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 134

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' under Article 134.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 134

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 134 के तहत 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 134

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 134

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 134

Input:
Premise: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 134

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India if the High Court —
(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death; or
(c) certifies under article 134A that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court:
Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145 and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.
(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in such law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 134

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 134: Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters
Text: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of I...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 134 deals with 'Appellate Jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Regard to Criminal Matters' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 134

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 134: आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार
पाठ: (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of I...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 134 'आपराधिक मामलों के संबंध में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय का अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 134A

Input: What does Article 134A of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 134A governs 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 134A is titled 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 134A

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 134A क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 134A 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 134A का शीर्षक 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 134A

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court'?

Output: Article 134A

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 134A.


Article 134A

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 134A

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 134A के प्रावधानों के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' स्थापित करता है।


Article 134A

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 134A.

Explanation: Article 134A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.


Article 134A

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 134A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 134A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 134A

Input: Summarize Article 134A of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 134A defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 134A

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 134A का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 134A 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 134A

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 134A (Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court).

Output: Article Article 134A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 13.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 134A

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 134A ('उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 134A भारत के संविधान में 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 13...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 134A

Input:
Premise: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' under Article 134A.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 134A

Input:
आधार (Premise): Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 134A के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 134A

Input:
Premise: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 134A

Input:
आधार (Premise): Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 134A

Input:
Premise: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 134A

Input:
आधार (Premise): Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133, or clause (1) of article 134, —
(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and
(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such judgment, decree, final order or sentence,
determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1) of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be, sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect of that case.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 134A

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 134A: Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court
Text: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 13...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 134A deals with 'Certificate for Appeal to the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 134A

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 134A: उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र
पाठ: Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 13...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 134A 'उच्चतम न्यायालय में अपील हेतु प्रमाणपत्र' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 135

Input: What does Article 135 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 135 governs 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 135 is titled 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 135

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 135 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 135 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 135 का शीर्षक 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 135

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court'?

Output: Article 135

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 135.


Article 135

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 135

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 135 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' स्थापित करता है।


Article 135

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 135.

Explanation: Article 135 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.


Article 135

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 135 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 135 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 135

Input: Summarize Article 135 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 135 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 135

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 135 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 135 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 135

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 135 (Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court).

Output: Article Article 135 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisio.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 135

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 135 ('मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 135 भारत के संविधान में 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisio...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 135

Input:
Premise: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' under Article 135.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 135

Input:
आधार (Premise): Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 135 के तहत 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 135

Input:
Premise: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 135

Input:
आधार (Premise): Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 135

Input:
Premise: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 135

Input:
आधार (Premise): Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 135

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 135: Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court
Text: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisio...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 135 deals with 'Jurisdiction and Powers of the Federal Court Under Existing Law to Be Exercisable by the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 135

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 135: मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी
पाठ: Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisio...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 135 'मौजूदा कानून के तहत संघीय न्यायालय का क्षेत्राधिकार और शक्तियां सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा प्रयोग की जाएंगी' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 136

Input: What does Article 136 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 136 governs 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 136 is titled 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 136

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 136 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 136 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 136 का शीर्षक 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 136

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court'?

Output: Article 136

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 136.


Article 136

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 136

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 136 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' स्थापित करता है।


Article 136

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 136.

Explanation: Article 136 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.


Article 136

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 136 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 136 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 136

Input: Summarize Article 136 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 136 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 136

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 136 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 136 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 136

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 136 (Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court).

Output: Article Article 136 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, deter.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 136

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 136 ('उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 136 भारत के संविधान में 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, deter...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 136

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' under Article 136.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 136

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 136 के तहत 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 136

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 136

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 136

Input:
Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 136

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination, sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 136

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 136: Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court
Text: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, deter...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 136 deals with 'Special Leave to Appeal by the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 136

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 136: उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति
पाठ: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment, decree, deter...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 136 'उच्चतम न्यायालय द्वारा अपील की विशेष अनुमति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 138

Input: What does Article 138 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output: Article 138 governs 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 138 is titled 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 138

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 138 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output: Article 138 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 138 का शीर्षक 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 138

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'?

Output: Article 138

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 138.


Article 138

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 138

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 138 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' स्थापित करता है।


Article 138

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 138.

Explanation: Article 138 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.


Article 138

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 138 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 138 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 138

Input: Summarize Article 138 of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 138 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 138

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 138 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 138 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 138

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 138 (Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court).

Output: Article Article 138 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law co.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 138

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 138 ('सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 138 भारत के संविधान में 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law co...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।


Article 138

Input:
Premise: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' under Article 138.

Output: Entailment

Explanation: The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.


Article 138

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 138 के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।

Output: Entailment

Explanation: आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।


Article 138

Input:
Premise: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

Hypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court'.

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.


Article 138

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।

Output: Contradiction

Explanation: परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।


Article 138

Input:
Premise: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

Hypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.

Output: Neutral

Explanation: While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.


Article 138

Input:
आधार (Premise): (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law confer.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by the Supreme Court.

परिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।

Output: Neutral

Explanation: यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।


Article 138

Input:
Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:

Article 138: Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Text: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law co...

Output: Judiciary

Explanation: Article 138 deals with 'Enlargement of the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.


Article 138

Input:
निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:

Article 138: सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार
पाठ: (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by law co...

Output: न्यायपालिका

Explanation: Article 138 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार का विस्तार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।


Article 139A

Transfer of Certain Cases

Input: What does Article 139A of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?

Output:
Article 139A governs 'Transfer of Certain Cases'. The constitutional text states: (1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and one or more High Courts or before two or more High Courts and the Supreme Court is satisfied on its own motion or on an application made by the Attorney-General of India or by a party to any such case that such questions are substantial questions of general importance, the Supreme Court may withdraw the case or cases pending before the High Court or the High Courts and dispose of all the cases itself:
Provided that the Supreme Court may after determining the said questions of law return any case so withdrawn together with a copy of its judgment on such questions to the High Court from which the case has been withdrawn, and the High Court shall on receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment.

Explanation: According to the Indian Constitution, Article 139A is titled 'Transfer of Certain Cases' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.


Article 139A

कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण

Input: भारत के संविधान का Article 139A क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?

Output:
Article 139A 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and one or more High Courts or before two or more High Courts and the Supreme Court is satisfied on its own motion or on an application made by the Attorney-General of India or by a party to any such case that such questions are substantial questions of general importance, the Supreme Court may withdraw the case or cases pending before the High Court or the High Courts and dispose of all the cases itself:
Provided that the Supreme Court may after determining the said questions of law return any case so withdrawn together with a copy of its judgment on such questions to the High Court from which the case has been withdrawn, and the High Court shall on receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment.

Explanation: भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 139A का शीर्षक 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।


Article 139A

Transfer of Certain Cases

Input: Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Transfer of Certain Cases'?

Output: Article 139A

Explanation: The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Transfer of Certain Cases' under the provisions of Article 139A.


Article 139A

कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण

Input: भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?

Output: Article 139A

Explanation: भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 139A के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' स्थापित करता है।


Article 139A

Transfer of Certain Cases

Input:
Analyze the following legal scenario:

A regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Transfer of Certain Cases'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?

Identify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.

Output: Potential relevance of Article 139A.

Explanation: Article 139A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Transfer of Certain Cases' under the Constitution of India.


Article 139A

कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण

Input:
निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:

एक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?

संवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।

Output: Article 139A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।

Explanation: Article 139A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।


Article 139A

Transfer of Certain Cases

Input: Summarize Article 139A of the Indian Constitution in one line.

Output: Article 139A defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Transfer of Certain Cases'.

Explanation: One-line summary based on the official title of the article.


Article 139A

कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण

Input: भारतीय संविधान के Article 139A का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।

Output: Article 139A 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।


Article 139A

Transfer of Certain Cases

Input: Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 139A (Transfer of Certain Cases).

Output: Article Article 139A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Transfer of Certain Cases' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and one or more High Courts or befo.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.

Explanation: Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.


Article 139A

कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण

Input: अनुच्छेद Article 139A ('कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।

Output: अनुच्छेद Article 139A भारत के संविधान में 'कुछ मामलों का स्थानांतरण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and one or more High Courts or befo...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।

Explanation: लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।