{"id": "icb_article_21a_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "What does Article 21A of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 21A governs 'Right to Education'. The constitutional text states: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 21A is titled 'Right to Education' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 21A क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 21A 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 21A का शीर्षक 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Right to Education'?", "output": "Article 21A", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Right to Education' under the provisions of Article 21A.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 21A", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 21A के प्रावधानों के तहत 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA primary school operated by a municipal corporation refuses to enroll a nine-year-old orphan child from a low-income neighborhood because the child cannot pay the mandatory school registration fees.\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential violation of Article 21A.", "reasoning": "Article 21A guarantees free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of six and fourteen, meaning the State cannot deny access based on fee requirements.", "difficulty": "hard", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक नगर निगम द्वारा संचालित प्राथमिक विद्यालय कम आय वाले पड़ोस के एक नौ वर्षीय अनाथ बच्चे को प्रवेश देने से इनकार करता है क्योंकि बच्चा अनिवार्य स्कूल पंजीकरण शुल्क का भुगतान नहीं कर सकता है।\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "अनुच्छेद 21A का संभावित उल्लंघन।", "reasoning": "अनुच्छेद 21A छह से चौदह वर्ष की आयु के सभी बच्चों के लिए मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा की गारंटी देता है, जिसका अर्थ है कि राज्य शुल्क की आवश्यकताओं के आधार पर प्रवेश से इनकार नहीं कर सकता है।", "difficulty": "hard", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Summarize Article 21A of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 21A defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Right to Education'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 21A का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 21A 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 21A (Right to Education).", "output": "Article Article 21A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Right to Education' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, det.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 21A ('शिक्षा का अधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 21A भारत के संविधान में 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, det...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Premise: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Right to Education' under Article 21A.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 21A के तहत 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Premise: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Right to Education'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Premise: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Right to Education", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 21A: Right to Education\nText: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, det...", "output": "Fundamental Rights", "reasoning": "Article 21A deals with 'Right to Education' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_21a_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "शिक्षा का अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 21A: शिक्षा का अधिकार\nपाठ: The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, det...", "output": "मौलिक अधिकार", "reasoning": "Article 21A 'शिक्षा का अधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "What does Article 22 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 22 governs 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases'. The constitutional text states: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 22 is titled 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 22 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 22 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 22 का शीर्षक 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases'?", "output": "Article 22", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' under the provisions of Article 22.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 22", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 22 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 22.", "reasoning": "Article 22 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 22 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 22 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Summarize Article 22 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 22 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 22 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 22 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 22 (Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases).", "output": "Article Article 22 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be d.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 22 ('कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 22 भारत के संविधान में 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be d...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' under Article 22.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 22 के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.\n(2) Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.\n(3) Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply—\n(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien; or\n(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.\n(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless—\n(a) an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of a High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of three months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention:\nProvided that nothing in this sub-clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (b) of clause (7); or\n(b) such person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by Parliament under subclauses (a) and (b) of clause (7).\n(5) When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.\n(6) Nothing in clause (5) shall require the authority making any such order as is referred to in that clause to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to disclose.\n(7) Parliament may by law prescribe—\n(a) the circumstances under which, and the class or classes of cases in which, a person may be detained for a period longer than three months under any law providing for preventive detention without obtaining the opinion of an Advisory Board in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (4);\n(b) the maximum period for which any person may in any class or classes of cases be detained under any law providing for preventive detention; and\n(c) the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under sub-clause (a) of clause (4).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 22", "title": "Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 22: Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases\nText: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be d...", "output": "Fundamental Rights", "reasoning": "Article 22 deals with 'Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_22_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 22", "title": "कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 22: कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा\nपाठ: (1) No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be d...", "output": "मौलिक अधिकार", "reasoning": "Article 22 'कुछ मामलों में गिरफ्तारी और हिरासत के खिलाफ सुरक्षा' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "What does Article 31C of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 31C governs 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles'. The constitutional text states: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 31C is titled 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 31C क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 31C 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 31C का शीर्षक 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles'?", "output": "Article 31C", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' under the provisions of Article 31C.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 31C", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 31C के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 31C.", "reasoning": "Article 31C specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 31C की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 31C विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Summarize Article 31C of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 31C defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 31C का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 31C 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 31C (Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles).", "output": "Article Article 31C establishes the fundamental framework for 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid d.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 31C ('कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 31C भारत के संविधान में 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid d...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' under Article 31C.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 31C के तहत 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid down in Part IV shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by article 14 or article 19 and no law containing a declaration that it is for giving effect to such policy shall be called in question in any court on the ground that it does not give effect to such policy:\nProvided that where such law is made by the Legislature of a State, the provisions of this article shall not apply thereto unless such law, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, has received his assent.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 31C: Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles\nText: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid d...", "output": "Fundamental Rights", "reasoning": "Article 31C deals with 'Saving of Laws Giving Effect to Certain Directive Principles' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_31c_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 31C", "title": "कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 31C: कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत\nपाठ: Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing all or any of the principles laid d...", "output": "मौलिक अधिकार", "reasoning": "Article 31C 'कुछ निदेशक सिद्धांतों को प्रभाव देने वाले कानूनों की बचत' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "What does Article 34 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 34 governs 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area'. The constitutional text states: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area within the territory of India where martial law was in force or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered or other act done under martial law in such area.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 34 is titled 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 34 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 34 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क्षेत्र के भीतर किसी भी क्षेत्र में व्यवस्था बनाए रखने या बहाल करने के संबंध में उसके द्वारा किए गए किसी भी कार्य के संबंध में क्षतिपूर्ति कर सकती है, जहां मार्शल लॉ लागू था या ऐसे क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ के तहत पारित किसी भी सजा, दी गई सजा, जब्ती के आदेश या किए गए अन्य कार्य को वैध कर सकती है।.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 34 का शीर्षक 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area'?", "output": "Article 34", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' under the provisions of Article 34.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 34", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 34 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 34.", "reasoning": "Article 34 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 34 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 34 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Summarize Article 34 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 34 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 34 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 34 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 34 (Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area).", "output": "Article Article 34 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a Stat.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 34 ('किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 34 भारत के संविधान में 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area within the territory of India where martial law was in force or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered or other act done under martial law in such area.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' under Article 34.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क्षेत्र के भीतर किसी भी क्षेत्र में व्यवस्था बनाए रखने या बहाल करने के संबंध में उसके द्वारा किए गए किसी भी कार्य के संबंध में क्षतिपूर्ति कर सकती है, जहां मार्शल लॉ लागू था या ऐसे क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ के तहत पारित किसी भी सजा, दी गई सजा, जब्ती के आदेश या किए गए अन्य कार्य को वैध कर सकती है।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 34 के तहत 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area within the territory of India where martial law was in force or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered or other act done under martial law in such area.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क्षेत्र के भीतर किसी भी क्षेत्र में व्यवस्था बनाए रखने या बहाल करने के संबंध में उसके द्वारा किए गए किसी भी कार्य के संबंध में क्षतिपूर्ति कर सकती है, जहां मार्शल लॉ लागू था या ऐसे क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ के तहत पारित किसी भी सजा, दी गई सजा, जब्ती के आदेश या किए गए अन्य कार्य को वैध कर सकती है।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area within the territory of India where martial law was in force or validate any sentence passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture ordered or other act done under martial law in such area.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क्षेत्र के भीतर किसी भी क्षेत्र में व्यवस्था बनाए रखने या बहाल करने के संबंध में उसके द्वारा किए गए किसी भी कार्य के संबंध में क्षतिपूर्ति कर सकती है, जहां मार्शल लॉ लागू था या ऐसे क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ के तहत पारित किसी भी सजा, दी गई सजा, जब्ती के आदेश या किए गए अन्य कार्य को वैध कर सकती है।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 34", "title": "Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 34: Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area\nText: Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a Stat...", "output": "Fundamental Rights", "reasoning": "Article 34 deals with 'Restriction on Rights Conferred by This Part While Martial Law Is in Force in Any Area' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Fundamental Rights'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_34_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 34", "title": "किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 34: किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध\nपाठ: इस भाग के पूर्वगामी प्रावधानों में किसी भी बात के बावजूद, संसद कानून द्वारा संघ या राज्य या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की सेवा में किसी भी व्यक्ति को भारत के क...", "output": "मौलिक अधिकार", "reasoning": "Article 34 'किसी भी क्षेत्र में मार्शल लॉ लागू होने पर इस भाग द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों पर प्रतिबंध' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'मौलिक अधिकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "What does Article 42 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 42 governs 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief'. The constitutional text states: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 42 is titled 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 42 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 42 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 42 का शीर्षक 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief'?", "output": "Article 42", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' under the provisions of Article 42.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 42", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 42 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 42.", "reasoning": "Article 42 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 42 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 42 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Summarize Article 42 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 42 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 42 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 42 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 42 (Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief).", "output": "Article Article 42 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.. This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 42 ('काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 42 भारत के संविधान में 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Premise: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' under Article 42.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 42 के तहत 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Premise: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Premise: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 42", "title": "Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 42: Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief\nText: The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.", "output": "DPSP", "reasoning": "Article 42 deals with 'Provision for Just and Humane Conditions of Work and Maternity Relief' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'DPSP'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_42_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 42", "title": "काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 42: काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान\nपाठ: राज्य काम की उचित और मानवीय स्थितियाँ सुनिश्चित करने और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान करेगा।", "output": "राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व", "reasoning": "Article 42 'काम की न्यायसंगत और मानवीय स्थितियों और मातृत्व राहत के लिए प्रावधान' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "What does Article 43A of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 43A governs 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries'. The constitutional text states: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 43A is titled 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 43A क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 43A 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन्य तरीके से कदम उठाएगा।.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 43A का शीर्षक 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries'?", "output": "Article 43A", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' under the provisions of Article 43A.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 43A", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 43A के प्रावधानों के तहत 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 43A.", "reasoning": "Article 43A specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 43A की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 43A विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Summarize Article 43A of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 43A defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 43A का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 43A 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 43A (Participation of Workers in Management of Industries).", "output": "Article Article 43A establishes the fundamental framework for 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, est.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 43A ('उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 43A भारत के संविधान में 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Premise: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' under Article 43A.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन्य तरीके से कदम उठाएगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 43A के तहत 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Premise: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन्य तरीके से कदम उठाएगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Premise: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "आधार (Premise): राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन्य तरीके से कदम उठाएगा।\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "Participation of Workers in Management of Industries", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 43A: Participation of Workers in Management of Industries\nText: The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, est...", "output": "DPSP", "reasoning": "Article 43A deals with 'Participation of Workers in Management of Industries' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'DPSP'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_43a_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 43A", "title": "उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 43A: उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी\nपाठ: राज्य किसी भी उद्योग में लगे उपक्रमों, प्रतिष्ठानों या अन्य संगठनों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उपयुक्त कानून या किसी अन...", "output": "राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व", "reasoning": "Article 43A 'उद्योगों के प्रबंधन में श्रमिकों की भागीदारी' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "What does Article 53 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 53 governs 'Executive Power of the Union'. The constitutional text states: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 53 is titled 'Executive Power of the Union' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 53 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 53 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 53 का शीर्षक 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Executive Power of the Union'?", "output": "Article 53", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Executive Power of the Union' under the provisions of Article 53.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 53", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 53 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Executive Power of the Union'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 53.", "reasoning": "Article 53 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Executive Power of the Union' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 53 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 53 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Summarize Article 53 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 53 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Executive Power of the Union'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 53 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 53 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 53 (Executive Power of the Union).", "output": "Article Article 53 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Executive Power of the Union' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 53 ('संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 53 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Executive Power of the Union' under Article 53.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 53 के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Executive Power of the Union'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.\n(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the supreme command of the Defence Forces of the Union shall be vested in the President and the exercise thereof shall be regulated by law.\n(3) Nothing in this article shall—\n(a) be deemed to transfer to the President any functions conferred by any existing law on the Government of any State or other authority; or\n(b) prevent Parliament from conferring by law functions on authorities other than the President.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 53", "title": "Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 53: Executive Power of the Union\nText: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to...", "output": "Union Government", "reasoning": "Article 53 deals with 'Executive Power of the Union' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Union Government'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_53_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 53", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 53: संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति\nपाठ: (1) The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to...", "output": "संघ सरकार", "reasoning": "Article 53 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संघ सरकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "What does Article 73 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 73 governs 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union'. The constitutional text states: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 73 is titled 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 73 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 73 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 73 का शीर्षक 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union'?", "output": "Article 73", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' under the provisions of Article 73.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 73", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 73 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 73.", "reasoning": "Article 73 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 73 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 73 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Summarize Article 73 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 73 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 73 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 73 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 73 (Extent of Executive Power of the Union).", "output": "Article Article 73 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliamen.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 73 ('संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 73 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliamen...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' under Article 73.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 73 के तहत 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Premise: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and\n(b) to the exercise of such rights, authority and jurisdiction as are exercisable by the Government of India by virtue of any treaty or agreement:\nProvided that the executive power referred to in subclause (a) shall not, save as expressly provided in this Constitution or in any law made by Parliament, extend in any State to matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has also power to make laws.\n(2) Until otherwise provided by Parliament, a State and any officer or authority of a State may, notwithstanding anything in this article, continue to exercise in matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws for that State such executive power or functions as the State or officer or authority thereof could exercise immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 73", "title": "Extent of Executive Power of the Union", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 73: Extent of Executive Power of the Union\nText: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliamen...", "output": "Union Government", "reasoning": "Article 73 deals with 'Extent of Executive Power of the Union' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Union Government'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_73_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 73", "title": "संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 73: संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार\nपाठ: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend —\n(a) to the matters with respect to which Parliamen...", "output": "संघ सरकार", "reasoning": "Article 73 'संघ की कार्यकारी शक्ति का विस्तार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संघ सरकार' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "What does Article 88 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 88 governs 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses'. The constitutional text states: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 88 is titled 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 88 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 88 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 88 का शीर्षक 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses'?", "output": "Article 88", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' under the provisions of Article 88.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 88", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 88 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 88.", "reasoning": "Article 88 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 88 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 88 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Summarize Article 88 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 88 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 88 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 88 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 88 (Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses).", "output": "Article Article 88 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 88 ('सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 88 भारत के संविधान में 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' under Article 88.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 88 के तहत 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any joint sitting of the Houses, and any committee of Parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall not by virtue of this article be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 88", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses\nText: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any...", "output": "Parliament", "reasoning": "Article 88 deals with 'Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as Respects Houses' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Parliament'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_88_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 88", "title": "सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 88: सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार\nपाठ: Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, either House, any...", "output": "संसद", "reasoning": "Article 88 'सदनों का सम्मान करने वाले मंत्रियों और महान्यायवादी के अधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संसद' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "What does Article 97 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 97 governs 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker'. The constitutional text states: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 97 is titled 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 97 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 97 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 97 का शीर्षक 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker'?", "output": "Article 97", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' under the provisions of Article 97.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 97", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 97 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 97.", "reasoning": "Article 97 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 97 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 97 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Summarize Article 97 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 97 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 97 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 97 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 97 (Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker).", "output": "Article Article 97 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the Pe.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 97 ('सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 97 भारत के संविधान में 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the Pe...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Premise: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' under Article 97.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 97 के तहत 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Premise: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Premise: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People, such salaries and allowances as may be respectively fixed by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries and allowances as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 97", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 97: Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker\nText: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the Pe...", "output": "Parliament", "reasoning": "Article 97 deals with 'Salaries and Allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Parliament'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_97_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 97", "title": "सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 97: सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते\nपाठ: There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States, and to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the Pe...", "output": "संसद", "reasoning": "Article 97 'सभापति और उपसभापति तथा सभापति और उपसभापति के वेतन और भत्ते' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संसद' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "What does Article 106 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 106 governs 'Salaries and Allowances of Members'. The constitutional text states: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 106 is titled 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 106 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 106 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 106 का शीर्षक 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Salaries and Allowances of Members'?", "output": "Article 106", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' under the provisions of Article 106.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 106", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 106 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Salaries and Allowances of Members'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 106.", "reasoning": "Article 106 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 106 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 106 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Summarize Article 106 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 106 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of Members'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 106 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 106 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 106 (Salaries and Allowances of Members).", "output": "Article Article 106 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament b.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 106 ('सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 106 भारत के संविधान में 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament b...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Premise: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' under Article 106.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 106 के तहत 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Premise: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Salaries and Allowances of Members'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Premise: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "आधार (Premise): Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Constituent Assembly of the Dominion of India.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 106", "title": "Salaries and Allowances of Members", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 106: Salaries and Allowances of Members\nText: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament b...", "output": "Parliament", "reasoning": "Article 106 deals with 'Salaries and Allowances of Members' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Parliament'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_106_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 106", "title": "सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 106: सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते\nपाठ: Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined by Parliament b...", "output": "संसद", "reasoning": "Article 106 'सदस्यों के वेतन एवं भत्ते' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संसद' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "What does Article 125 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 125 governs 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges'. The constitutional text states: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 125 is titled 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 125 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 125 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 125 का शीर्षक 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges'?", "output": "Article 125", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' under the provisions of Article 125.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 125", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 125 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 125.", "reasoning": "Article 125 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 125 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 125 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Summarize Article 125 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 125 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 125 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 125 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 125 (Salaries, Etc, of Judges).", "output": "Article Article 125 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 125 ('न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 125 भारत के संविधान में 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' under Article 125.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 125 के तहत 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule.\n(2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such privileges and allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such privileges, allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule:\nProvided that neither the privileges nor the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 125", "title": "Salaries, Etc, of Judges", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 125: Salaries, Etc, of Judges\nText: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 125 deals with 'Salaries, Etc, of Judges' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_125_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 125", "title": "न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 125: न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि\nपाठ: (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 125 'न्यायाधीशों का वेतन, आदि' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "What does Article 126 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 126 governs 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'. The constitutional text states: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 126 is titled 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 126 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 126 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 126 का शीर्षक 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'?", "output": "Article 126", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under the provisions of Article 126.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 126", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 126 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 126.", "reasoning": "Article 126 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 126 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 126 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Summarize Article 126 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 126 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 126 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 126 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 126 (Appointment of Acting Chief Justice).", "output": "Article Article 126 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of h.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 126 ('कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 126 भारत के संविधान में 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of h...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under Article 126.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 126 के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 126", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 126: Appointment of Acting Chief Justice\nText: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of h...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 126 deals with 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_126_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 126", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 126: कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति\nपाठ: When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of h...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 126 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "What does Article 137 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 137 governs 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court'. The constitutional text states: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 137 is titled 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 137 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 137 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 137 का शीर्षक 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court'?", "output": "Article 137", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' under the provisions of Article 137.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 137", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 137 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 137.", "reasoning": "Article 137 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 137 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 137 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Summarize Article 137 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 137 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 137 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 137 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 137 (Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court).", "output": "Article Article 137 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 137 ('सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 137 भारत के संविधान में 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' under Article 137.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 137 के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 137", "title": "Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 137: Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court\nText: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 137 deals with 'Review of Judgments or Orders by the Supreme Court' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_137_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 137", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 137: सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा\nपाठ: Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 137 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा निर्णयों या आदेशों की समीक्षा' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "What does Article 139 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 139 governs 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs'. The constitutional text states: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 139 is titled 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 139 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 139 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 139 का शीर्षक 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs'?", "output": "Article 139", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' under the provisions of Article 139.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 139", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 139 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 139.", "reasoning": "Article 139 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 139 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 139 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Summarize Article 139 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 139 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 139 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 139 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 139 (Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs).", "output": "Article Article 139 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 139 ('सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 139 भारत के संविधान में 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' under Article 139.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 139 के तहत 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2) of article 32.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 139", "title": "Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 139: Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs\nText: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 139 deals with 'Conferment on the Supreme Court of Powers to Issue Certain Writs' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_139_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 139", "title": "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 139: सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना\nपाठ: Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 139 'सर्वोच्च न्यायालय को कुछ रिट जारी करने की शक्ति प्रदान करना' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "What does Article 160 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 160 governs 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies'. The constitutional text states: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 160 is titled 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 160 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 160 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 160 का शीर्षक 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies'?", "output": "Article 160", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' under the provisions of Article 160.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 160", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 160 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 160.", "reasoning": "Article 160 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 160 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 160 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Summarize Article 160 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 160 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 160 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 160 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 160 (Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies).", "output": "Article Article 160 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided f.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 160 ('कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 160 भारत के संविधान में 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided f...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Premise: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' under Article 160.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "आधार (Premise): The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 160 के तहत 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Premise: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "आधार (Premise): The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Premise: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "आधार (Premise): The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 160", "title": "Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 160: Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies\nText: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided f...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 160 deals with 'Discharge of the Functions of the Governor in Certain Contingencies' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_160_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 160", "title": "कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 160: कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन\nपाठ: The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided f...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 160 'कतिपय आकस्मिकताओं में राज्यपाल के कार्यों का निर्वहन' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "What does Article 164 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 164 governs 'Other Provisions as to Ministers'. The constitutional text states: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 164 is titled 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 164 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 164 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 164 का शीर्षक 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Other Provisions as to Ministers'?", "output": "Article 164", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' under the provisions of Article 164.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 164", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 164 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Other Provisions as to Ministers'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 164.", "reasoning": "Article 164 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 164 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 164 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Summarize Article 164 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 164 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Other Provisions as to Ministers'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 164 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 164 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 164 (Other Provisions as to Ministers).", "output": "Article Article 164 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minist.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 164 ('मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 164 भारत के संविधान में 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minist...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Premise: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' under Article 164.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 164 के तहत 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Premise: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Other Provisions as to Ministers'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Premise: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor:\nProvided that in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, there shall be a Minister in charge of tribal welfare who may in addition be in charge of the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and backward classes or any other work.\n(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a State shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provided that the number of Ministers, including the Chief Minister in a State shall not be less than twelve:\nProvided further that where the total number of Ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in any State at the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003 exceeds the said fifteen per cent. or the number specified in the first proviso, as the case may be, then the total number of Ministers in that State shall be brought in conformity with the provisions of this clause within six months from such date as the President may by public notification appoint.\n(1B) A member of the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to the Legislative Assembly of a State or either House of the Legislature of a State having Legislative Council, as the case may be, before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.\n(2) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.\n(3) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.\n(4) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.\n(5) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as the Legislature of the State may from time to time by law determine and, until the Legislature of the State so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 164", "title": "Other Provisions as to Ministers", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 164: Other Provisions as to Ministers\nText: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minist...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 164 deals with 'Other Provisions as to Ministers' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_164_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 164", "title": "मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 164: मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान\nपाठ: (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minist...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 164 'मंत्रियों के संबंध में अन्य प्रावधान' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "What does Article 169 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 169 governs 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States'. The constitutional text states: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 169 is titled 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 169 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 169 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 169 का शीर्षक 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States'?", "output": "Article 169", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' under the provisions of Article 169.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 169", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 169 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 169.", "reasoning": "Article 169 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 169 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 169 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Summarize Article 169 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 169 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 169 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 169 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 169 (Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States).", "output": "Article Article 169 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Counc.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 169 ('राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 169 भारत के संविधान में 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Counc...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' under Article 169.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 169 के तहत 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.\n(2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament may deem necessary.\n(3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 169", "title": "Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 169: Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States\nText: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Counc...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 169 deals with 'Abolition or Creation of Legislative Councils in States' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_169_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 169", "title": "राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 169: राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण\nपाठ: (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Counc...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 169 'राज्यों में विधान परिषदों का उन्मूलन या निर्माण' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "What does Article 171 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 171 governs 'Composition of the Legislative Councils'. The constitutional text states: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 171 is titled 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 171 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 171 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 171 का शीर्षक 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Composition of the Legislative Councils'?", "output": "Article 171", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' under the provisions of Article 171.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 171", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 171 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Composition of the Legislative Councils'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 171.", "reasoning": "Article 171 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 171 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 171 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Summarize Article 171 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 171 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Composition of the Legislative Councils'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 171 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 171 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 171 (Composition of the Legislative Councils).", "output": "Article Article 171 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 171 ('विधान परिषदों की संरचना') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 171 भारत के संविधान में 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Premise: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' under Article 171.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 171 के तहत 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Premise: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Composition of the Legislative Councils'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Premise: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State:\nProvided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no case be less than forty.\n(2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council of a State shall be as provided in clause (3).\n(3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State —\n(a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as Parliament may by law specify;\n(b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of any such university;\n(c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;\n(d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;\n(e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions of clause (5).\n(4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses ( a), ( b) and ( c) of clause (3) shall be chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause ( d) of the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.\n(5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause ( e) of clause (3) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely: — Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 171", "title": "Composition of the Legislative Councils", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 171: Composition of the Legislative Councils\nText: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 171 deals with 'Composition of the Legislative Councils' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_171_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 171", "title": "विधान परिषदों की संरचना", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 171: विधान परिषदों की संरचना\nपाठ: (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one-third of the total number of members ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 171 'विधान परिषदों की संरचना' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "What does Article 173 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 173 governs 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature'. The constitutional text states: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 173 is titled 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 173 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 173 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 173 का शीर्षक 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature'?", "output": "Article 173", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' under the provisions of Article 173.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 173", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 173 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 173.", "reasoning": "Article 173 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 173 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 173 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Summarize Article 173 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 173 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 173 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 173 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 173 (Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature).", "output": "Article Article 173 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscri.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 173 ('राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 173 भारत के संविधान में 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscri...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Premise: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' under Article 173.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "आधार (Premise): A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 173 के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Premise: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "आधार (Premise): A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Premise: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "आधार (Premise): A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule;\n(b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age; and\n(c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 173", "title": "Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 173: Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature\nText: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscri...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 173 deals with 'Qualification for Membership of the State Legislature' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_173_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 173", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 173: राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता\nपाठ: A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State unless he —\n(a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscri...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 173 'राज्य विधानमंडल की सदस्यता के लिए योग्यता' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "What does Article 174 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 174 governs 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution'. The constitutional text states: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 174 is titled 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 174 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 174 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 174 का शीर्षक 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution'?", "output": "Article 174", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' under the provisions of Article 174.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 174", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 174 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 174.", "reasoning": "Article 174 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 174 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 174 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Summarize Article 174 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 174 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 174 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 174 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 174 (Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution).", "output": "Article Article 174 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fi.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 174 ('राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 174 भारत के संविधान में 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fi...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Premise: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' under Article 174.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 174 के तहत 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Premise: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Premise: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.\n(2) The Governor may from time to time —\n(a) prorogue the House or either House;\n(b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 174", "title": "Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution\nText: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fi...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 174 deals with 'Sessions of the State Legislature, Prorogation and Dissolution' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_174_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 174", "title": "राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 174: राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन\nपाठ: (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fi...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 174 'राज्य विधानमंडल के सत्र, सत्रावसान और विघटन' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "What does Article 177 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 177 governs 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses'. The constitutional text states: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 177 is titled 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 177 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 177 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 177 का शीर्षक 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses'?", "output": "Article 177", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' under the provisions of Article 177.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 177", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 177 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 177.", "reasoning": "Article 177 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 177 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 177 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Summarize Article 177 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 177 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 177 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 177 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 177 (Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses).", "output": "Article Article 177 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislativ.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 177 ('सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 177 भारत के संविधान में 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislativ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' under Article 177.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 177 के तहत 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Premise: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "आधार (Premise): Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 177", "title": "Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses\nText: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislativ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 177 deals with 'Rights of Ministers and Advocate General as Respects the Houses' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_177_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 177", "title": "सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 177: सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार\nपाठ: Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislativ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 177 'सदनों के संबंध में मंत्रियों और महाधिवक्ता के अधिकार' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "What does Article 181 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 181 governs 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration'. The constitutional text states: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 181 is titled 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 181 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 181 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 181 का शीर्षक 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration'?", "output": "Article 181", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' under the provisions of Article 181.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 181", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 181 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 181.", "reasoning": "Article 181 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 181 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 181 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Summarize Article 181 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 181 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 181 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 181 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 181 (The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration).", "output": "Article Article 181 establishes the fundamental framework for 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speake.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 181 ('जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 181 भारत के संविधान में 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speake...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Premise: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' under Article 181.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 181 के तहत 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Premise: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Premise: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker, from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 180 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent.\n(2) The Speaker shall have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall, notwithstanding anything in article 189, be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 181", "title": "The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 181: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration\nText: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speake...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 181 deals with 'The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker Not to Preside While a Resolution for His Removal from Office Is Under Consideration' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_181_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 181", "title": "जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 181: जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए\nपाठ: (1) At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speake...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 181 'जब पद से हटाने का प्रस्ताव विचाराधीन हो तो अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को अध्यक्षता नहीं करनी चाहिए' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "What does Article 182 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 182 governs 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council'. The constitutional text states: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 182 is titled 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 182 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 182 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 182 का शीर्षक 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council'?", "output": "Article 182", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' under the provisions of Article 182.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 182", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 182 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 182.", "reasoning": "Article 182 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 182 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 182 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Summarize Article 182 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 182 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 182 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 182 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 182 (The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council).", "output": "Article Article 182 establishes the fundamental framework for 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 182 ('विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 182 भारत के संविधान में 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Premise: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' under Article 182.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "आधार (Premise): The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 182 के तहत 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Premise: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "आधार (Premise): The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Premise: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "आधार (Premise): The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof and, so often as the office of Chairman or Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Council shall choose another member to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman, as the case may be.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 182", "title": "The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 182: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council\nText: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 182 deals with 'The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_182_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 182", "title": "विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 182: विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति\nपाठ: The Legislative Council of every State having such Council shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the Council to be respectively Chairman and...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 182 'विधान परिषद के सभापति एवं उपसभापति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "What does Article 220 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 220 governs 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge'. The constitutional text states: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 220 is titled 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 220 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 220 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 220 का शीर्षक 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge'?", "output": "Article 220", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' under the provisions of Article 220.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 220", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 220 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 220.", "reasoning": "Article 220 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 220 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 220 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Summarize Article 220 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 220 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 220 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 220 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 220 (Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge).", "output": "Article Article 220 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or be.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 220 ('स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 220 भारत के संविधान में 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or be...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Premise: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' under Article 220.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 220 के तहत 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Premise: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Premise: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "आधार (Premise): No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts.\nExplanation — In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 220", "title": "Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 220: Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge\nText: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or be...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 220 deals with 'Restriction on Practice After Being a Permanent Judge' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_220_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 220", "title": "स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 220: स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध\nपाठ: No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or be...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 220 'स्थायी जज बनने के बाद प्रैक्टिस पर प्रतिबंध' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "What does Article 223 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 223 governs 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'. The constitutional text states: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 223 is titled 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 223 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 223 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 223 का शीर्षक 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'?", "output": "Article 223", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under the provisions of Article 223.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 223", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 223 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 223.", "reasoning": "Article 223 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 223 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 223 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Summarize Article 223 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 223 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 223 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 223 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 223 (Appointment of Acting Chief Justice).", "output": "Article Article 223 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 223 ('कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 223 भारत के संविधान में 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' under Article 223.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 223 के तहत 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Premise: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 223", "title": "Appointment of Acting Chief Justice", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 223: Appointment of Acting Chief Justice\nText: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the...", "output": "Judiciary", "reasoning": "Article 223 deals with 'Appointment of Acting Chief Justice' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Judiciary'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_223_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 223", "title": "कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 223: कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति\nपाठ: When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the...", "output": "न्यायपालिका", "reasoning": "Article 223 'कार्यवाहक मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'न्यायपालिका' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "What does Article 243O of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 243O governs 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters'. The constitutional text states: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 243O is titled 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 243O क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 243O 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 243O का शीर्षक 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters'?", "output": "Article 243O", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' under the provisions of Article 243O.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 243O", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 243O के प्रावधानों के तहत 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 243O.", "reasoning": "Article 243O specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 243O की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 243O विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Summarize Article 243O of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 243O defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 243O का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 243O 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 243O (Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters).", "output": "Article Article 243O establishes the fundamental framework for 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 243O ('चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 243O भारत के संविधान में 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' under Article 243O.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 243O के तहत 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Premise: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "आधार (Premise): Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;\n(b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 243O: Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters\nText: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 243O deals with 'Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243o_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243O", "title": "चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 243O: चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक\nपाठ: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, —\n(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 243O 'चुनावी मामलों में न्यायालयों द्वारा हस्तक्षेप पर रोक' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "What does Article 243W of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 243W governs 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc'. The constitutional text states: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 243W is titled 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 243W क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 243W 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 243W का शीर्षक 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc'?", "output": "Article 243W", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' under the provisions of Article 243W.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 243W", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 243W के प्रावधानों के तहत 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 243W.", "reasoning": "Article 243W specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 243W की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 243W विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Summarize Article 243W of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 243W defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 243W का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 243W 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 243W (Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc).", "output": "Article Article 243W establishes the fundamental framework for 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 243W ('नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 243W भारत के संविधान में 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' under Article 243W.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 243W के तहत 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to —\n(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;\n(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;\n(b) the Committees with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferred upon them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 243W: Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc\nText: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 243W deals with 'Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Municipalities, Etc' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243w_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243W", "title": "नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 243W: नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व\nपाठ: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow —\n(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 243W 'नगर पालिकाओं आदि की शक्तियां, प्राधिकार और उत्तरदायित्व' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "What does Article 243ZJ of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 243ZJ governs 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers'. The constitutional text states: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 243ZJ is titled 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 243ZJ क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 243ZJ 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 243ZJ का शीर्षक 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers'?", "output": "Article 243ZJ", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' under the provisions of Article 243ZJ.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 243ZJ", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 243ZJ के प्रावधानों के तहत 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 243ZJ.", "reasoning": "Article 243ZJ specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 243ZJ की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 243ZJ विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Summarize Article 243ZJ of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 243ZJ defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 243ZJ का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 243ZJ 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 243ZJ (Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers).", "output": "Article Article 243ZJ establishes the fundamental framework for 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 243ZJ ('बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 243ZJ भारत के संविधान में 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Premise: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' under Article 243ZJ.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 243ZJ के तहत 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Premise: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Premise: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one:\nProvided further that the Legislature of a State shall, by law, provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on board of every co-operative society consisting of individuals as members and having members from such class of category of persons.\n(2) The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election and the term of office bearers shall be coterminous with the term of the board:Provided that the board may fill a casual vacancy on the board by nomination out of the same class of members in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen, if the term of office of the board is less than half of its original term.\n(3) The Legislature of a State shall, by law, make provisions for co-option of persons to be members of the board having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken by the co-operative society, as members of the board of such society:\nProvided that the number of such co-opted members shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1):\nProvided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the cooperative society in their capacity as such member or to be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board:\nProvided also that the functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors specified in the first proviso to clause (1).\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 243ZJ: Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers\nText: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 243ZJ deals with 'Number and Term of Members of Board and Its Office Bearers' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_243zj_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 243ZJ", "title": "बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 243ZJ: बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल\nपाठ: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law:\nProvided that the maximum number of ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 243ZJ 'बोर्ड के सदस्यों और उसके पदाधिकारियों की संख्या और कार्यकाल' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "What does Article 246 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 246 governs 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States'. The constitutional text states: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 246 is titled 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 246 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 246 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 246 का शीर्षक 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States'?", "output": "Article 246", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' under the provisions of Article 246.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 246", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 246 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 246.", "reasoning": "Article 246 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 246 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 246 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Summarize Article 246 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 246 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 246 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 246 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 246 (Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States).", "output": "Article Article 246 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 246 ('संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 246 भारत के संविधान में 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' under Article 246.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 246 के तहत 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Union List”).\n(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (3), Parliament, and, subject to clause (1), the Legislature of any State also, have power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List III in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “Concurrent List”).\n(3) Subject to clauses (1) and (2), the Legislature of any State has exclusive power to make laws for such State or any part thereof with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List II in the Seventh Schedule (in this Constitution referred to as the “State List”).\n(4) Parliament has power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State notwithstanding that such matter is a matter enumerated in the State List.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 246", "title": "Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 246: Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States\nText: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 246 deals with 'Subject-matter of Laws Made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_246_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 246", "title": "संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 246: संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु\nपाठ: (1) Notwithstanding anything in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 246 'संसद और राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा बनाए गए कानूनों का विषय-वस्तु' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "What does Article 252 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 252 governs 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by'. The constitutional text states: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 252 is titled 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 252 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 252 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 252 का शीर्षक 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by'?", "output": "Article 252", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' under the provisions of Article 252.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 252", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 252 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 252.", "reasoning": "Article 252 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 252 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 252 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Summarize Article 252 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 252 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 252 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 252 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 252 (Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by).", "output": "Article Article 252 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to m.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 252 ('दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 252 भारत के संविधान में 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to m...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Premise: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' under Article 252.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 252 के तहत 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Premise: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Premise: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to make laws for the States except as provided in articles 249 and 250 should be regulated in such States by Parliament by law, and if resolutions to that effect are passed by all the Houses of the Legislatures of those States, it shall be lawful for Parliament to pass an Act for regulating that matter accordingly, and any Act so passed shall apply to such States and to any other State by which it is adopted afterwards by resolution passed in that behalf by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each of the Houses of the Legislature of that State.\n(2) Any Act so passed by Parliament may be amended or repealed by an Act of Parliament passed or adopted in like manner but shall not, as respects any State to which it applies, be amended or repealed by an Act of the Legislature of that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 252", "title": "Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 252: Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by\nText: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to m...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 252 deals with 'Power of Parliament to Legislate for Two or More States by Consent and Adoption of Such Legislation by' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_252_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 252", "title": "दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 252: दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति\nपाठ: (1) If it appears to the Legislatures of two or more States to be desirable that any of the matters with respect to which Parliament has no power to m...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 252 'दो या दो से अधिक राज्यों के लिए सहमति से कानून बनाने और ऐसे कानून को अपनाने की संसद की शक्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "What does Article 257 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 257 governs 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases'. The constitutional text states: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 257 is titled 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 257 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 257 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 257 का शीर्षक 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases'?", "output": "Article 257", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' under the provisions of Article 257.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 257", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 257 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 257.", "reasoning": "Article 257 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 257 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 257 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Summarize Article 257 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 257 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 257 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 257 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 257 (Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases).", "output": "Article Article 257 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the e.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 257 ('कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 257 भारत के संविधान में 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the e...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' under Article 257.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 257 के तहत 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Premise: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.\n(2) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the construction and maintenance of means of communication declared in the direction to be of national or military importance:\nProvided that nothing in this clause shall be taken as restricting the power of Parliament to declare highways or waterways to be national highways or national waterways or the power of the Union with respect to the highways or waterways so declared or the power of the Union to construct and maintain means of communication as part of its functions with respect to naval, military and air force works.\n(3) The executive power of the Union shall also extend to the giving of directions to a State as to the measures to be taken for the protection of the railways within the State.\n(4) Where in carrying out any direction given to a State under clause (2) as to the construction or maintenance of any means of communication or under clause (3) as to the measures to be taken for the protection of any railway, costs have been incurred in excess of those which would have been incurred in the discharge of the normal duties of the State if such direction had not been given, there shall be paid by the Government of India to the State such sum as may be agreed, or, in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India, in respect of the extra costs so incurred by the State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 257", "title": "Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 257: Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases\nText: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the e...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 257 deals with 'Control of the Union Over States in Certain Cases' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_257_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 257", "title": "कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 257: कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण\nपाठ: (1) The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the e...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 257 'कुछ मामलों में राज्यों पर संघ का नियंत्रण' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "What does Article 261 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 261 governs 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings'. The constitutional text states: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 261 is titled 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 261 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 261 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 261 का शीर्षक 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings'?", "output": "Article 261", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' under the provisions of Article 261.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 261", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 261 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 261.", "reasoning": "Article 261 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 261 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 261 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Summarize Article 261 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 261 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 261 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 261 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 261 (Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings).", "output": "Article Article 261 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 261 ('सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 261 भारत के संविधान में 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Premise: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' under Article 261.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 261 के तहत 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Premise: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Premise: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.\n(2) The manner in which and the conditions under which the acts, records and proceedings referred to in clause (1) shall be proved and the effect thereof determined shall be as provided by law made by Parliament.\n(3) Final judgments or orders delivered or passed by civil courts in any part of the territory of India shall be capable of execution anywhere within that territory according to law.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 261", "title": "Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 261: Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings\nText: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 261 deals with 'Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_261_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 261", "title": "सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 261: सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही\nपाठ: (1) Full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 261 'सार्वजनिक अधिनियम, अभिलेख और न्यायिक कार्यवाही' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "What does Article 267 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 267 governs 'Contingency Fund'. The constitutional text states: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 267 is titled 'Contingency Fund' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 267 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 267 'आकस्मिकता निधि' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 267 का शीर्षक 'आकस्मिकता निधि' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Contingency Fund'?", "output": "Article 267", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Contingency Fund' under the provisions of Article 267.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'आकस्मिकता निधि' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 267", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 267 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'आकस्मिकता निधि' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Contingency Fund'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 267.", "reasoning": "Article 267 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Contingency Fund' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'आकस्मिकता निधि' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 267 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 267 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'आकस्मिकता निधि' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Summarize Article 267 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 267 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Contingency Fund'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 267 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 267 'आकस्मिकता निधि' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 267 (Contingency Fund).", "output": "Article Article 267 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Contingency Fund' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 267 ('आकस्मिकता निधि') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 267 भारत के संविधान में 'आकस्मिकता निधि' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Premise: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Contingency Fund' under Article 267.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 267 के तहत 'आकस्मिकता निधि' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Premise: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Contingency Fund'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'आकस्मिकता निधि' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Premise: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under article 115 or article 116.\n(2) The Legislature of a State may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of the State” into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the Governor of the State to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by the Legislature of the State by law under article 205 or article 206.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 267", "title": "Contingency Fund", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 267: Contingency Fund\nText: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 267 deals with 'Contingency Fund' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_267_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 267", "title": "आकस्मिकता निधि", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 267: आकस्मिकता निधि\nपाठ: (1) Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled “the Contingency Fund of India” into which shall be ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 267 'आकस्मिकता निधि' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "What does Article 273 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 273 governs 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products'. The constitutional text states: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 273 is titled 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 273 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 273 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 273 का शीर्षक 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products'?", "output": "Article 273", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' under the provisions of Article 273.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 273", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 273 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 273.", "reasoning": "Article 273 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 273 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 273 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Summarize Article 273 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 273 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 273 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 273 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 273 (Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products).", "output": "Article Article 273 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and W.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 273 ('जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 273 भारत के संविधान में 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and W...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' under Article 273.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 273 के तहत 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Premise: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal, in lieu of assignment of any share of the net proceeds in each year of export duty on jute and jute products to those States, such sums as may be prescribed.\n(2) The sums so prescribed shall continue to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India so long as any export duty on jute or jute products continues to be levied by the Government of India or until the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution whichever is earlier.\n(3) In this article, the expression “prescribed” has the same meaning as in article 270.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 273", "title": "Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 273: Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products\nText: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and W...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 273 deals with 'Grants in Lieu of Export Duty on Jute and Jute Products' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_273_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 273", "title": "जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 273: जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान\nपाठ: (1) There shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India in each year as grants-in-aid of the revenues of the States of Assam, Bihar, Orissa and W...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 273 'जूट और जूट उत्पादों पर निर्यात शुल्क के बदले अनुदान' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "What does Article 279 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 279 governs 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc'. The constitutional text states: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 279 is titled 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 279 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 279 '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 279 का शीर्षक '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc'?", "output": "Article 279", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' under the provisions of Article 279.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 279", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 279 के प्रावधानों के तहत '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 279.", "reasoning": "Article 279 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 279 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 279 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Summarize Article 279 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 279 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 279 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 279 '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 279 (Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc).", "output": "Article Article 279 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of colle.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 279 ('\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 279 भारत के संविधान में '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of colle...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Premise: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' under Article 279.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 279 के तहत '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Premise: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Premise: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of collection, and for the purposes of those provisions the net proceeds of any tax or duty, or of any part of any tax or duty, in or attributable to any area shall be ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate shall be final.\n(2) Subject as aforesaid, and to any other express provision of this Chapter, a law made by Parliament or an order of the President may, in any case where under this Part the proceeds of any duty or tax are, or may be, assigned to any State, provide for the manner in which the proceeds are to be calculated, for the time from or at which and the manner in which any payments are to be made, for the making of adjustments between one financial year and another, and for any other incidental or ancillary matters.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 279", "title": "Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 279: Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc\nText: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of colle...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 279 deals with 'Calculation of “net Proceeds”, Etc' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_279_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 279", "title": "\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 279: \"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना\nपाठ: (1) In the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, “net proceeds” means in relation to any tax or duty the proceeds thereof reduced by the cost of colle...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 279 '\"शुद्ध आय\" आदि की गणना' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "What does Article 285 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 285 governs 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation'. The constitutional text states: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 285 is titled 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 285 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 285 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 285 का शीर्षक 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation'?", "output": "Article 285", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' under the provisions of Article 285.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 285", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 285 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 285.", "reasoning": "Article 285 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 285 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 285 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Summarize Article 285 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 285 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 285 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 285 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 285 (Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation).", "output": "Article Article 285 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any .... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 285 ('संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 285 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any ...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Premise: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' under Article 285.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 285 के तहत 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Premise: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Premise: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any authority within a State.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall, until Parliament by law otherwise provides, prevent any authority within a State from levying any tax on any property of the Union to which such property was immediately before the commencement of this Constitution liable or treated as liable, so long as that tax continues to be levied in that State.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 285", "title": "Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 285: Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation\nText: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any ...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 285 deals with 'Exemption of Property of the Union from State Taxation' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_285_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 285", "title": "संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 285: संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट\nपाठ: (1) The property of the Union shall, save in so far as Parliament may by law otherwise provide, be exempt from all taxes imposed by a State or by any ...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 285 'संघ की संपत्ति को राज्य कराधान से छूट' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "What does Article 296 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 296 governs 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia'. The constitutional text states: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 296 is titled 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 296 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 296 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 296 का शीर्षक 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia'?", "output": "Article 296", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' under the provisions of Article 296.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 296", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 296 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 296.", "reasoning": "Article 296 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 296 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 296 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Summarize Article 296 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 296 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 296 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 296 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 296 (Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia).", "output": "Article Article 296 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 296 ('एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 296 भारत के संविधान में 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Premise: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' under Article 296.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 296 के तहत 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Premise: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Premise: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to His Majesty or, as the case may be, to the Ruler of an Indian State by escheat or lapse, or as bona vacantia for want of a rightful owner, shall, if it is property situate in a State, vest in such State, and shall, in any other case, vest in the Union:\nProvided that any property which at the date when it would have so accrued to His Majesty or to the Ruler of an Indian State was in the possession or under the control of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall, according as the purposes for which it was then used or held were purposes of the Union or of a State, vest in the Union or in that State.\nExplanation. — In this article, the expressions “Ruler” and “Indian State” have the same meanings as in article 363.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 296", "title": "Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 296: Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia\nText: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 296 deals with 'Property Accruing by Escheat or Lapse or as Bona Vacantia' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_296_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 296", "title": "एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 296: एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति\nपाठ: Subject as hereinafter provided, any property in the territory of India which, if this Constitution had not come into operation, would have accrued to...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 296 'एस्चीट या लैप्स या बोना वैकैंटिया के रूप में अर्जित संपत्ति' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "What does Article 309 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 309 governs 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State'. The constitutional text states: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 309 is titled 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 309 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 309 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 309 का शीर्षक 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State'?", "output": "Article 309", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' under the provisions of Article 309.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 309", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 309 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 309.", "reasoning": "Article 309 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 309 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 309 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Summarize Article 309 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 309 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 309 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 309 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 309 (Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State).", "output": "Article Article 309 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 309 ('संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 309 भारत के संविधान में 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' under Article 309.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 309 के तहत 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Premise: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "आधार (Premise): Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State:\nProvided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 309", "title": "Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 309: Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State\nText: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 309 deals with 'Recruitment and Conditions of Service of Persons Serving the Union or a State' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_309_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 309", "title": "संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 309: संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें\nपाठ: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 309 'संघ या राज्य की सेवा करने वाले व्यक्तियों की भर्ती और सेवा की शर्तें' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "What does Article 337 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 337 governs 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community'. The constitutional text states: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 337 is titled 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 337 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 337 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 337 का शीर्षक 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community'?", "output": "Article 337", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' under the provisions of Article 337.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 337", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 337 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 337.", "reasoning": "Article 337 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 337 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 337 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Summarize Article 337 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 337 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 337 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 337 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 337 (Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community).", "output": "Article Article 337 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each St.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 337 ('एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 337 भारत के संविधान में 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each St...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Premise: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' under Article 337.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 337 के तहत 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Premise: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Premise: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948.\nDuring every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :\nProvided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the AngloIndian community, shall cease:\nProvided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the Anglo-Indian community.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 337", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 337: Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community\nText: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each St...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 337 deals with 'Special Provision with Respect to Educational Grants for the Benefit of Anglo-indian Community' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_337_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 337", "title": "एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 337: एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान\nपाठ: During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each St...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 337 'एंग्लो-इंडियन समुदाय के लाभ के लिए शैक्षिक अनुदान के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "What does Article 353 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 353 governs 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency'. The constitutional text states: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 353 is titled 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 353 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 353 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 353 का शीर्षक 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency'?", "output": "Article 353", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' under the provisions of Article 353.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 353", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 353 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 353.", "reasoning": "Article 353 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 353 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 353 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Summarize Article 353 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 353 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 353 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 353 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 353 (Effect of Proclamation of Emergency).", "output": "Article Article 353 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall ex.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 353 ('आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 353 भारत के संविधान में 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall ex...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Premise: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' under Article 353.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "आधार (Premise): While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 353 के तहत 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Premise: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "आधार (Premise): While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Premise: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "आधार (Premise): While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;\n(b) the power of Parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities of the Union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the Union List:\nProvided that where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of India, —\n(i) the executive power of the Union to give directions under clause (a), and\n(ii) the power of Parliament to make laws under clause (b),\nshall also extend to any State other than a State in which or in any part of which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of India in which the Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 353", "title": "Effect of Proclamation of Emergency", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 353: Effect of Proclamation of Emergency\nText: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall ex...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 353 deals with 'Effect of Proclamation of Emergency' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_353_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 353", "title": "आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 353: आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव\nपाठ: While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, then —\n(a) notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall ex...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 353 'आपातकाल की उद्घोषणा का प्रभाव' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "What does Article 361 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 361 governs 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs'. The constitutional text states: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 361 is titled 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 361 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 361 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 361 का शीर्षक 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs'?", "output": "Article 361", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' under the provisions of Article 361.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 361", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 361 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 361.", "reasoning": "Article 361 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 361 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 361 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Summarize Article 361 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 361 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 361 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 361 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 361 (Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs).", "output": "Article Article 361 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and d.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 361 ('राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 361 भारत के संविधान में 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and d...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Premise: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' under Article 361.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 361 के तहत 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Premise: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Premise: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of those powers and duties:\nProvided that the conduct of the President may be brought under review by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for the investigation of a charge under article 61:\nProvided further that nothing in this clause shall be construed as restricting the right of any person to bring appropriate proceedings against the Government of India or the Government of a State.\n(2) No criminal proceedings whatsoever shall be instituted or continued against the President, or the Governor of a State, in any court during his term of office.\n(3) No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the President, or the Governor of a State, shall issue from any court during his term of office.\n(4) No civil proceedings in which relief is claimed against the President, or the Governor of a State, shall be instituted during his term of office in any court in respect of any act done or purporting to be done by him in his personal capacity, whether before or after he entered upon his office as President, or as Governor of such State, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to the President or the Governor, as the case may be, or left at his office stating the nature of the proceedings, the cause of action therefor, the name, description and place of residence of the party by whom such proceedings are to be instituted and the relief which he claims.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 361", "title": "Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 361: Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs\nText: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and d...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 361 deals with 'Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_361_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 361", "title": "राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 361: राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा\nपाठ: (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and d...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 361 'राष्ट्रपति एवं राज्यपालों एवं राजप्रमुखों की सुरक्षा' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "What does Article 366 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 366 governs 'Definitions'. The constitutional text states: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 366 is titled 'Definitions' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 366 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 366 'परिभाषाएँ' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 366 का शीर्षक 'परिभाषाएँ' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Definitions'?", "output": "Article 366", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Definitions' under the provisions of Article 366.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'परिभाषाएँ' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 366", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 366 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Definitions'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 366.", "reasoning": "Article 366 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Definitions' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'परिभाषाएँ' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 366 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 366 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Summarize Article 366 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 366 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Definitions'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 366 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 366 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 366 (Definitions).", "output": "Article Article 366 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Definitions' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 366 ('परिभाषाएँ') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 366 भारत के संविधान में 'परिभाषाएँ' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Premise: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Definitions' under Article 366.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "आधार (Premise): In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 366 के तहत 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Premise: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Definitions'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "आधार (Premise): In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'परिभाषाएँ' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Premise: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "आधार (Premise): In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say —\n(1) “agricultural income” means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax;\n(2) “an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only;\n(3) “article” means an article of this Constitution;\n(4) “borrow” includes the raising of money by the grant of annuities, and “loan” shall be construed accordingly;\n(5) “clause” means a clause of the article in which the expression occurs;\n(6) “corporation tax” means any tax on income, so far as that tax is payable by companies and is a tax in the case of which the following conditions are fulfilled: —\n(a) that it is not chargeable in respect of agricultural income;\n(b) that no deduction in respect of the tax paid by companies is, by any enactments which may apply to the tax, authorised to be made from dividends payable by the companies to individuals;\n(c) that no provision exists for taking the tax so paid into account in computing for the purposes of Indian income-tax the total income of individuals receiving such dividends, or in computing the Indian income-tax payable by, or refundable to, such individuals;\n(7) “corresponding Province”, “corresponding Indian State” or “corresponding State” means in cases of doubt such Province, Indian State or State as may be determined by the President to be the corresponding Province, the corresponding Indian State or the corresponding State, as the case may be, for the particular purpose in question;\n(8) “debt” includes any liability in respect of any obligation to repay capital sums by way of annuities and any liability under any guarantee, and “debt charges” shall be construed accordingly;\n(9) “estate duty” means a duty to be assessed on or by reference to the principal value, ascertained in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed by or under laws made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State relating to the duty, of all property passing upon death or deemed, under the provisions of the said laws, so to pass;\n(10) “existing law” means any law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of this Constitution by any Legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law, Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation;\n(11) “Federal Court” means the Federal Court constituted under the Government of India Act, 1935;\n(12) “goods” includes all materials, commodities, and articles;\n(13) “guarantee” includes any obligation undertaken before the commencement of this Constitution to make payments in the event of the profits of an undertaking falling short of a specified amount;\n(14) “High Court” means any Court which is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be a High Court for any State and includes —\n(a) any Court in the territory of India constituted or reconstituted under this Constitution as a High Court, and\n(b) any other Court in the territory of India which may be declared by Parliament by law to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution;\n(15) “Indian State” means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State;\n(16) “Part” means a Part of this Constitution;\n(17) “pension” means a pension, whether contributory or not, of any kind whatsoever payable to or in respect of any person, and includes retired pay so payable; a gratuity so payable and any sum or sums so payable by way of the return, with or without interest thereon or any other addition thereto, of subscriptions to a provident fund;\n(18) “Proclamation of Emergency” means a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 352;\n(19) “public notification” means a notification in the Gazette of India, or, as the case may be, the Official Gazette of a State;\n(20) “railway” does not include —\n(a) a tramway wholly within a municipal area, or\n(b) any other line of communication wholly situate in one State and declared by Parliament by law not to be a railway;\n(22) “Ruler” means the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such Ruler;\n(23) “Schedule” means a Schedule to this Constitution;\n(24) “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(25) “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this Constitution;\n(26) “securities” includes stock;\n(27) “sub-clause” means a sub-clause of the clause in which the expression occurs;\n(28) “taxation” includes the imposition of any tax or impost, whether general or local or special, and “tax” shall be construed accordingly;\n(29) “tax on income” includes a tax in the nature of an excess profits tax;\n(29A) “tax on the sale or purchase of goods” includes —\n(a) a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contract, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(b) a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) involved in the execution of a works contract;\n(c) a tax on the delivery of goods on hirepurchase or any system of payment by instalments;\n(d) a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(e) a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration;\n(f) a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any drink (whether or not intoxicating), where such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,\nand such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;\n(30) “Union territory” means any Union territory specified in the First Schedule and includes any other territory comprised within the territory of India but not specified in that Schedule.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 366", "title": "Definitions", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 366: Definitions\nText: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 366 deals with 'Definitions' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_366_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 366", "title": "परिभाषाएँ", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 366: परिभाषाएँ\nपाठ: In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 366 'परिभाषाएँ' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "What does Article 371C of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 371C governs 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur'. The constitutional text states: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 371C is titled 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 371C क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 371C 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 371C का शीर्षक 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur'?", "output": "Article 371C", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' under the provisions of Article 371C.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 371C", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 371C के प्रावधानों के तहत 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 371C.", "reasoning": "Article 371C specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 371C की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 371C विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Summarize Article 371C of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 371C defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 371C का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 371C 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 371C (Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur).", "output": "Article Article 371C establishes the fundamental framework for 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 371C ('मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 371C भारत के संविधान में 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' under Article 371C.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 371C के तहत 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Premise: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "आधार (Premise): (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State consisting of members of that Assembly elected from the Hill Areas of that State, for the modifications to be made in the rules of business of the Government and in the rules of procedure of the Legislative Assembly of the State and for any special responsibility of the Governor in order to secure the proper functioning of such committee.\n(2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.\nExplanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 371C: Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur\nText: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 371C deals with 'Special Provision with Respect to the State of Manipur' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371c_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371C", "title": "मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 371C: मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान\nपाठ: (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with respect to the State of Manipur, provide for the constitution...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 371C 'मणिपुर राज्य के संबंध में विशेष प्रावधान' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "What does Article 371E of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 371E governs 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh'. The constitutional text states: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 371E is titled 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 371E क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 371E 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 371E का शीर्षक 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh'?", "output": "Article 371E", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' under the provisions of Article 371E.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 371E", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 371E के प्रावधानों के तहत 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 371E.", "reasoning": "Article 371E specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 371E की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 371E विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Summarize Article 371E of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 371E defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 371E का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 371E 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 371E (Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh).", "output": "Article Article 371E establishes the fundamental framework for 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.. This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 371E ('आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 371E भारत के संविधान में 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' under Article 371E.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 371E के तहत 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Premise: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "आधार (Premise): Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 371E: Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh\nText: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 371E deals with 'Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_371e_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 371E", "title": "आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 371E: आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना\nपाठ: Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra Pradesh.", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 371E 'आंध्र प्रदेश में केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t1_qa1_en", "task_type": "qa", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "What does Article 375 of the Constitution of India guarantee or govern?", "output": "Article 375 governs 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution'. The constitutional text states: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.", "reasoning": "According to the Indian Constitution, Article 375 is titled 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' and establishes the basic legal framework for this topic.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t1_qa1_hi", "task_type": "qa", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "भारत के संविधान का Article 375 क्या गारंटी या नियंत्रण देता है?", "output": "Article 375 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' को नियंत्रित करता है। संवैधानिक पाठ में कहा गया है: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.", "reasoning": "भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार, Article 375 का शीर्षक 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' है और यह इस विषय के लिए बुनियादी कानूनी रूपरेखा स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "synthetic_qa", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t2_ret1_en", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Which specific article of the Indian Constitution outlines the framework for 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution'?", "output": "Article 375", "reasoning": "The text of the Constitution of India establishes 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' under the provisions of Article 375.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t2_ret1_hi", "task_type": "retrieval", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "भारतीय संविधान का कौन सा विशिष्ट अनुच्छेद 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' के लिए रूपरेखा को रेखांकित करता है?", "output": "Article 375", "reasoning": "भारत के संविधान का पाठ Article 375 के प्रावधानों के तहत 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' स्थापित करता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t3_reas_en", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Analyze the following legal scenario:\n\nA regional administrative body implements a directive directly affecting the legal processes associated with 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution'. A legal team argues that this administrative action must strictly comply with the relevant constitutional guidelines. Which article must the team cite?\n\nIdentify the constitutional article and explain the reasoning.", "output": "Potential relevance of Article 375.", "reasoning": "Article 375 specifically defines the parameters and rights governing 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' under the Constitution of India.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t3_reas_hi", "task_type": "reasoning", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "निम्नलिखित कानूनी परिदृश्य का विश्लेषण करें:\n\nएक क्षेत्रीय प्रशासनिक निकाय 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' से जुड़ी कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं को सीधे प्रभावित करने वाला एक निर्देश लागू करता है। एक कानूनी टीम का तर्क है कि इस प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई को प्रासंगिक संवैधानिक दिशानिर्देशों का सख्ती से पालन करना चाहिए। टीम को किस अनुच्छेद का हवाला देना चाहिए?\n\nसंवैधानिक अनुच्छेद की पहचान करें और तर्क समझाएं।", "output": "Article 375 की संभावित प्रासंगिकता।", "reasoning": "Article 375 विशेष रूप से भारत के संविधान के तहत 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' को नियंत्रित करने वाले मापदंडों और अधिकारों को परिभाषित करता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t4_sum_one_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Summarize Article 375 of the Indian Constitution in one line.", "output": "Article 375 defines and outlines the constitutional provisions regarding 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution'.", "reasoning": "One-line summary based on the official title of the article.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t4_sum_one_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 375 का एक पंक्ति में सारांश प्रस्तुत करें।", "output": "Article 375 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' के संबंध में संवैधानिक प्रावधानों को परिभाषित और रेखांकित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के आधिकारिक शीर्षक के आधार पर एक-पंक्ति सारांश।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t4_sum_short_en", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Provide a short 2-3 sentence summary of Article 375 (Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution).", "output": "Article Article 375 establishes the fundamental framework for 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' in the Constitution of India. It declares that: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territor.... This article ensures constitutional governance over all related administrative and legal actions.", "reasoning": "Concise summarization synthesizing article title and description preview.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t4_sum_short_hi", "task_type": "summarization", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "अनुच्छेद Article 375 ('न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे') का एक छोटा 2-3 वाक्यों का सारांश प्रदान करें।", "output": "अनुच्छेद Article 375 भारत के संविधान में 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा स्थापित करता है। यह घोषित करता है कि: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territor...। यह लेख सभी संबंधित प्रशासनिक और कानूनी कार्यों पर संवैधानिक नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित करता है।", "reasoning": "लेख के शीर्षक और विवरण पूर्वावलोकन का संश्लेषण करने वाला संक्षिप्त सारांश।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "summarization", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_ent_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Premise: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India contains explicit rules or principles regarding 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' under Article 375.", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "The premise outlines the detailed legal rules of this article, directly entailing that the Constitution has explicit rules regarding this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_ent_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "आधार (Premise): All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत का संविधान Article 375 के तहत 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम या सिद्धांत शामिल करता है।", "output": "Entailment", "reasoning": "आधार इस अनुच्छेद के विस्तृत कानूनी नियमों को रेखांकित करता है, जो सीधे तौर पर यह दर्शाता है कि संविधान में इस विषय के संबंध में स्पष्ट नियम हैं।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_cont_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Premise: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: The Constitution of India has completely omitted and contains no provisions whatsoever regarding 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution'.", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "The hypothesis directly negates the premise which is the actual text of the article defining this topic.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_cont_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "आधार (Premise): All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारत के संविधान ने पूरी तरह से छोड़ दिया है और 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' के संबंध में कोई प्रावधान शामिल नहीं किया है।", "output": "Contradiction", "reasoning": "परिकल्पना सीधे तौर पर आधार को नकारती है जो इस विषय को परिभाषित करने वाले लेख का वास्तविक पाठ है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_neut_en", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Premise: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nHypothesis: Several legislative amendments have been proposed over time to modify civil and criminal statutes in Indian law.", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "While the hypothesis is factually true about Indian law generally, it cannot be verified (entailed) nor contradicted solely by the text of this specific article.", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t5_neut_hi", "task_type": "entailment", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "आधार (Premise): All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of India, shall continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution.\n\nपरिकल्पना (Hypothesis): भारतीय कानून में नागरिक और आपराधिक कानूनों को संशोधित करने के लिए समय के साथ कई विधायी संशोधन प्रस्तावित किए गए हैं।", "output": "Neutral", "reasoning": "यद्यपि परिकल्पना सामान्य रूप से भारतीय कानून के बारे में तथ्यात्मक रूप से सही है, लेकिन इस विशिष्ट लेख के पाठ द्वारा इसकी पुष्टि (अनिवार्यता) या खंडन नहीं किया जा सकता है।", "difficulty": "medium", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t7_class_en", "task_type": "classification", "language": "en", "article": "Article 375", "title": "Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution", "input": "Classify the primary constitutional category of the following article text:\n\nArticle 375: Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution\nText: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territor...", "output": "Federal Structure", "reasoning": "Article 375 deals with 'Courts, Authorities and Officers to Continue to Function Subject to the Provisions of the Constitution' which logically falls under the constitutional section of 'Federal Structure'.", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_article_375_t7_class_hi", "task_type": "classification", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 375", "title": "न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे", "input": "निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पाठ की प्राथमिक संवैधानिक श्रेणी को वर्गीकृत करें:\n\nArticle 375: न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे\nपाठ: All courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territor...", "output": "संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा", "reasoning": "Article 375 'न्यायालय, प्राधिकरण और अधिकारी संविधान के प्रावधानों के अधीन कार्य करते रहेंगे' से संबंधित है जो तार्किक रूप से 'संवैधानिक संघ ढांचा' के संवैधानिक खंड के अंतर्गत आता है।", "difficulty": "easy", "source_type": "constitution_text", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_mh_education_rights_en", "task_type": "multihop", "language": "en", "article": "Multiple", "title": "Multi-hop Constitutional Reasoning", "input": "Which articles together outline the right to education, covering fundamental rights, directive principles, and fundamental duties?", "output": "Articles 21A, 45, and 51A(k)", "reasoning": "Article 21A guarantees education as a fundamental right; Article 45 directs early childhood education; Article 51A(k) makes it a fundamental duty of parents to educate their ward.", "difficulty": "expert", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_mh_education_rights_hi", "task_type": "multihop", "language": "hi", "article": "Multiple", "title": "Multi-hop Constitutional Reasoning", "input": "कौन से अनुच्छेद मिलकर मौलिक अधिकारों, नीति निर्देशक तत्वों और मौलिक कर्तव्यों को कवर करते हुए शिक्षा के अधिकार को रेखांकित करते हैं?", "output": "अनुच्छेद 21A, 45, और 51A(k)", "reasoning": "अनुच्छेद 21A मौलिक अधिकार के रूप में शिक्षा की गारंटी देता है; अनुच्छेद 45 प्रारंभिक बचपन की शिक्षा का निर्देश देता है; अनुच्छेद 51A(k) माता-पिता का यह मौलिक कर्तव्य बनाता है कि वे अपने बच्चे को शिक्षित करें।", "difficulty": "expert", "source_type": "synthetic_reasoning", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_link_article21a_article21_en", "task_type": "linking", "language": "en", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Relation between Article 21A and Article 21", "input": "What is the formal constitutional relationship between Article 21A and Article 21 of the Indian Constitution?\nOptions: supports, extends, limits, references, related_to", "output": "extends", "reasoning": "Article 21A extends Article 21's guarantee of the right to life by explicitly establishing the right to free and compulsory education.", "difficulty": "hard", "source_type": "article_linking", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}
{"id": "icb_link_article21a_article21_hi", "task_type": "linking", "language": "hi", "article": "Article 21A", "title": "Article 21A और Article 21 के बीच संबंध", "input": "भारतीय संविधान के Article 21A और Article 21 के बीच औपचारिक संवैधानिक संबंध क्या है?\nविकल्प: supports, extends, limits, references, related_to", "output": "extends", "reasoning": "अनुच्छेद 21A मुफ्त और अनिवार्य शिक्षा के अधिकार को स्पष्ट रूप से स्थापित करके जीवन के अधिकार की अनुच्छेद 21 की गारंटी का विस्तार (extends) करता है।", "difficulty": "hard", "source_type": "article_linking", "split": "validation", "citation_evidence": "", "expert_reviewer_1": "", "expert_reviewer_2": ""}