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README.md
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license: odbl
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---
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license: odbl
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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- sentence-similarity
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- code
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pretty_name: code-vs-text
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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This dataset was created for SemEval-2026 Task 13, which focuses on distinguishing machine-generated code from human-written code across multiple programming languages and domains.
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While the original SemEval task operates at the code snippet level, this dataset provides line-level annotations that enable finer-grained analysis of how code-like and text-like content is distributed within mixed inputs. The dataset is intended to support research in machine-generated code detection, robust preprocessing, and stylometric analysis, particularly in settings where natural language and programming code naturally coexist.
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Each row corresponds to a single line, extracted from real-world sources such as Stack Overflow posts and Twitch chat messages.
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## **Task Definition**
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**Binary line-level classification:**
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* **label = 0** — natural language text
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* **label = 1** — programming code
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The task is intentionally defined at the **line granularity**, rather than document or block level, to support applications such as preprocessing pipelines, mixed-content filtering, and robustness evaluation.
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---
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## **Dataset Structure**
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The dataset consists of **three columns**:
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| Column | Description |
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| -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `line` | Raw line content (text or code). Punctuation, symbols, and formatting are preserved. |
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| `label` | Binary label (0 = text, 1 = code). |
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| `source` | Data origin: `stackoverflow_2019`, `stackoverflow_2020`, or `twitch`. |
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No aggressive normalization has been applied; punctuation, symbols, and formatting are preserved.
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---
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## **Data Collection and Processing**
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### **Stack Overflow Data**
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The Stack Overflow portion of the dataset was created by parsing **HTML post bodies** and explicitly separating structural elements:
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* Code lines are extracted from `<code>` tags
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* Text lines are extracted from `<p>` (paragraph) tags
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To ensure that extracted code corresponds to **actual programming content**, code blocks are filtered by post tags, retaining only posts associated with the following technologies:
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* `<c++>`, `<java>`, `<python>`, `<php>`, `<c#>`, `<javascript>`, `<c>`, `<go>`
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* `<react-native>`, `<laravel>`, `<django>`, `<typescript>`, `<node.js>`, `<.net-core>`
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**Additional filtering steps:**
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* Lines containing package installation commands (e.g. `pip`) are excluded
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* Lines dominated by error messages or stack traces are ignored
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* Duplicate lines are removed after normalization
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This filtering aims to retain **clean, representative programming code** while avoiding noisy or auxiliary content.
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---
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### **Twitch Data**
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The Twitch portion consists exclusively of **natural language text** and is included to introduce **informal, unstructured, and ambiguous language** that is difficult to distinguish from code using surface-level heuristics.
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**Key properties:**
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* No code labels are present in this subset
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* Duplicate lines are removed
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* Language is short, conversational, and noisy
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The purpose of this source is to **increase dataset difficulty** and improve **robustness to domain shift**.
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---
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## **Dataset Statistics**
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### **Overall Size**
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* **Total lines:** 52,270
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* **Text (label 0):** 27,330
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* **Code (label 1):** 24,940
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The dataset is approximately balanced, enabling standard classification benchmarks without mandatory resampling.
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---
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### **Label Distribution by Source**
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| Source | Text (0) | Code (1) |
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| ------------------ | -------: | -------: |
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| stackoverflow_2019 | 14,698 | 0 |
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| stackoverflow_2020 | 7,948 | 24,940 |
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| twitch | 4,684 | 0 |
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---
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### **Source Distribution**
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* **Stack Overflow 2020:** 32,888 lines (62.9%)
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* **Stack Overflow 2019:** 14,698 lines (28.1%)
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* **Twitch:** 4,684 lines (9.0%)
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---
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### **Line Length Statistics (Characters)**
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**Overall:**
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* **Mean:** 59.53
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* **Median:** 34
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* **Minimum:** 1
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* **Maximum:** 9,082
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* **Standard deviation:** 85.95
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**By source:**
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* **Stack Overflow 2019:** mean 88.71, median 58
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* **Stack Overflow 2020:** mean 51.60, median 33
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* **Twitch:** mean 23.62, median 17
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---
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## **Intended Use Cases**
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* Line-level code vs text classification
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* Mixed-content preprocessing and filtering
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* Robustness evaluation across domains
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* Stylometry and authorship analysis
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* Code-aware language modeling pipelines
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---
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## **Limitations**
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* Labels are **structural**, not semantic
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* Code-like text outside `<code>` tags is labeled as text
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* Logs or pseudo-code inside code blocks are labeled as code
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* Line-level context across adjacent lines is not preserved
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Users should account for these properties when designing downstream tasks.
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---
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## **Data Sources and Licensing**
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This dataset is derived from **publicly available sources**.
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Please refer to the following datasets for original data and licensing information:
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* **Stack Overflow dataset:** *(link to be added)*
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* **Twitch dataset:** *(link to be added)*
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Users are responsible for complying with the original licenses when redistributing or building upon this dataset.
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