---
license: odbl
task_categories:
- text-classification
- sentence-similarity
language:
- en
tags:
- code
pretty_name: code-vs-text
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
---


This dataset was created for SemEval-2026 Task 13, which focuses on distinguishing machine-generated code from human-written code across multiple programming languages and domains.

While the original SemEval task operates at the code snippet level, this dataset provides line-level annotations that enable finer-grained analysis of how code-like and text-like content is distributed within mixed inputs. The dataset is intended to support research in machine-generated code detection, robust preprocessing, and stylometric analysis, particularly in settings where natural language and programming code naturally coexist.

Each row corresponds to a single line, extracted from real-world sources such as Stack Overflow posts and Twitch chat messages.

## **Task Definition**

**Binary line-level classification:**

* **label = 0** — natural language text
* **label = 1** — programming code

The task is intentionally defined at the **line granularity**, rather than document or block level, to support applications such as preprocessing pipelines, mixed-content filtering, and robustness evaluation.

---

## **Dataset Structure**

The dataset consists of **three columns**:

| Column   | Description                                                                          |
| -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `line`   | Raw line content (text or code). Punctuation, symbols, and formatting are preserved. |
| `label`  | Binary label (0 = text, 1 = code).                                                   |
| `source` | Data origin: `stackoverflow_2019`, `stackoverflow_2020`, or `twitch`.                |

No aggressive normalization has been applied; punctuation, symbols, and formatting are preserved.

---

## **Data Collection and Processing**

### **Stack Overflow Data**

The Stack Overflow portion of the dataset was created by parsing **HTML post bodies** and explicitly separating structural elements:

* Code lines are extracted from `&lt;code&gt;` tags
* Text lines are extracted from `&lt;p&gt;` (paragraph) tags

To ensure that extracted code corresponds to **actual programming content**, code blocks are filtered by post tags, retaining only posts associated with the following technologies:

* `&lt;c++&gt;`, `&lt;java&gt;`, `&lt;python&gt;`, `&lt;php&gt;`, `&lt;c#&gt;`, `&lt;javascript&gt;`, `&lt;c&gt;`, `&lt;go&gt;`
* `&lt;react-native&gt;`, `&lt;laravel&gt;`, `&lt;django&gt;`, `&lt;typescript&gt;`, `&lt;node.js&gt;`, `&lt;.net-core&gt;`

**Additional filtering steps:**

* Lines containing package installation commands (e.g. `pip`) are excluded
* Lines dominated by error messages or stack traces are ignored
* Duplicate lines are removed after normalization

This filtering aims to retain **clean, representative programming code** while avoiding noisy or auxiliary content.

---

### **Twitch Data**

The Twitch portion consists exclusively of **natural language text** and is included to introduce **informal, unstructured, and ambiguous language** that is difficult to distinguish from code using surface-level heuristics.

**Key properties:**

* No code labels are present in this subset
* Duplicate lines are removed
* Language is short, conversational, and noisy

The purpose of this source is to **increase dataset difficulty** and improve **robustness to domain shift**.

---

## **Dataset Statistics**

### **Overall Size**

* **Total lines:** 52,270
* **Text (label 0):** 27,330
* **Code (label 1):** 24,940

The dataset is approximately balanced, enabling standard classification benchmarks without mandatory resampling.

---

### **Label Distribution by Source**

| Source             | Text (0) | Code (1) |
| ------------------ | -------: | -------: |
| stackoverflow_2019 |   14,698 |        0 |
| stackoverflow_2020 |    7,948 |   24,940 |
| twitch             |    4,684 |        0 |

---

### **Source Distribution**

* **Stack Overflow 2020:** 32,888 lines (62.9%)
* **Stack Overflow 2019:** 14,698 lines (28.1%)
* **Twitch:** 4,684 lines (9.0%)

---

### **Line Length Statistics (Characters)**

**Overall:**

* **Mean:** 59.53
* **Median:** 34
* **Minimum:** 1
* **Maximum:** 9,082
* **Standard deviation:** 85.95

**By source:**

* **Stack Overflow 2019:** mean 88.71, median 58
* **Stack Overflow 2020:** mean 51.60, median 33
* **Twitch:** mean 23.62, median 17

---

## **Intended Use Cases**

* Line-level code vs text classification
* Mixed-content preprocessing and filtering
* Robustness evaluation across domains
* Stylometry and authorship analysis
* Code-aware language modeling pipelines

---

## **Limitations**

* Labels are **structural**, not semantic
* Code-like text outside `&lt;code&gt;` tags is labeled as text
* Logs or pseudo-code inside code blocks are labeled as code
* Line-level context across adjacent lines is not preserved

Users should account for these properties when designing downstream tasks.

---

## **Data Sources and Licensing**

This dataset is derived from **publicly available sources**.
Please refer to the following datasets for original data and licensing information:

* **Stack Overflow dataset:** *(link to be added)*
* **Twitch dataset:** *(link to be added)*

Users are responsible for complying with the original licenses when redistributing or building upon this dataset.