[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Image Compensating Device And Display Device Having The Same

Technical Field and Background:
1. Technical Field Exemplary embodiments are directed to an image compensating device. More particularly, embodiments of the present inventive are directed to an image compensating device and a display device having the same. 2. Discussion of the Related Art The lens of a human eye is commonly known as a crystalline lens due to the presence of crystallins, a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye that accounts for the transparency of the structure. A transmission ratio of a crystalline lens may change with age. A person may perceive image quality and color of an image displayed on a display device, such as a television or a monitor, differently, depending on the transmission ratio of his/her crystalline lens. Thus, an image output from a display device may not be adjusted to a human viewer whose eyes have degenerated.

Invention Disclosure:
An image compensating device includes a transmission ratio calculator configured to output a red transmission ratio of a user's crystalline lens, a green transmission ratio of the crystalline lens, and a blue transmission ratio of the crystalline lens based on the user's age, and a compensator configured to receive red input data, green input data, and blue input data and compensate the red input data, the green input data, and the blue input data based on the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio.

[Assistant]
1. An image compensating device comprising:
a transmission ratio calculator configured to calculate a red transmission ratio of a user's crystalline lens, a green transmission ratio of the crystalline lens, and a blue transmission ratio of the crystalline lens based on the user's age; and
a compensator configured to receive red input data, green input data, and blue input data and to compensate the red input data, the green input data, and the blue input data based on the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio, wherein the compensated red input data, compensated green input data, and compensated blue input data are displayed by a display panel,
wherein the compensator includes:
a first compensator configured to compensate ratios of the red input data, the green input data, and the blue input data based on the blue transmission ratio and to output a first red compensated data, a first green compensate data, and a first blue compensated data; and
a second compensator configured to compensate the first red compensated data, the first green compensated data, and the first blue compensated data based on the blue transmission ratio and to output a second red compensated data, a second green compensated data, and a second blue compensated data.

2. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the first compensator calculates the first red compensated data Rc1 from
Rc   1 = TB TR ⨯ R,
wherein R is the red input data, TB is the blue transmission ratio, and TR is the red transmission ratio.

3. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the first compensator calculates the first green compensated data Gc1 from
Gc   1 = TB TG ⨯ G,
wherein G is the green input data, TB is the blue transmission ratio, and TG is the green transmission ratio.

4. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the second compensator calculates the second red compensated data Rc2 from
Rc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Rc   1,
wherein Rc1 is the first red compensated data, and TB is the blue transmission ratio.

5. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the second compensator calculates the second green compensated data Gc2 from
Gc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Gc   1,
wherein Gc1 is the first green compensated data, and TB is the blue transmission ratio.

6. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the second compensator calculates the second blue compensated data Bc2 from
Bc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Bc   1,
wherein Bc1 is the first blue compensated data, and TB is the blue color light transmission ratio.

7. The image compensating device of claim 1, wherein the transmission ratio calculator includes
a lookup table (LUT) that stores the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio corresponding to certain user ages, and
an interpolator configured to calculate the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio for user ages not stored in the LUT using interpolation based on red, green, and blue transmission ratios of user ages stored in the LUT.

8. A display device comprising:
a display panel that includes a plurality of pixels;
an image compensator configured to calculate a red transmission ratio of a user's crystalline lens, a green transmission ratio of the crystalline lens, and a blue transmission ratio of the crystalline lens based on the user's age, and compensate red input data, green input data, and blue input data received by the display panel based on the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio, wherein the compensated red input data, compensated green input data, and compensated blue input data are displayed by the display panel;
a scan driver configured to provide a scan signal to the pixels;
a data driver configured to provide a data signal to the pixels; and
a timing controller configured to generate a control signal that controls the image compensator, the scan driver, and the data driver, wherein the image compensator is included in the timing controller or is coupled to the timing controller,
wherein the image compensator includes:
a transmission ratio calculator configured to calculate the red transmission ratio of the crystalline lens, the green transmission ratio of the crystalline lens, and the blue transmission ratio of the crystalline lens based on the user's age; and a compensator configured to compensate the red input data, the green input data, and the blue input data based on the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio,
wherein the compensator includes: a first compensator configured to compensate ratios of the red input data, the green input data, and the blue input data based on the blue transmission ratio and to output a first red compensated data, a first green compensated data, and a first blue compensated data; and
a second compensator configured to compensate the first red compensated data, the first green compensated data, and the first blue compensated data based on the blue transmission ratio, and to output a second red compensated data, a second green compensated data, and a second blue compensated data.

9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the first compensator calculates the first red compensated data Rc1 from
Rc   1 = TB TR ⨯ R,
wherein R is the red input data, TB is the blue transmission ratio, and TR is the red transmission ratio.

10. The display device of claim 8, wherein the first compensator calculates the first green compensated data Gc1 from
Gc   1 = TB TG ⨯ G,
wherein G is the green input data, TB is the blue transmission ratio, and TG is the green transmission ratio.

11. The display device of claim 8, wherein the second compensator calculates the second red compensated data Rc2 from
Rc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Rc   1,
wherein Rc1 is the first red compensated data, and TB is the blue transmission ratio.

12. The display device of claim 8, wherein the second compensator calculates the second green compensated data Gc2 from
Gc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Gc   1,
wherein Gc1 is the first green compensated data, and TB is the blue transmission ratio.

13. The display device of claim 8, wherein the second compensator calculates the second blue compensated data Bc2 from
Bc   2 = 1 TB ⨯ Bc   1,
where Bc1 is the first blue compensated data, and TB is the blue transmission ratio.

14. The display device of claim 8, wherein the transmission calculator includes
a lookup table (LUT) that stores the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio corresponding to certain user ages, and
an interpolator configured to calculate the red transmission ratio, the green transmission ratio, and the blue transmission ratio for user ages not stored in the LUT using interpolation based on red, green, and blue transmission ratios of user ages stored in the LUT.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Goa Circuit And A Liquid Crystal Display Apparatus

Technical Field and Background:
A gate driver on array (GOA) is a technology to form a gate line scanning driving signal circuit on the array substrate by the conventional process of the thin-film transistor crystal display to achieve the technology of driving method of scanning gate line by line. With the rapid development of the smart phone, the touch panel (TP) technology, especially the In Cell Touch Panel technology is further developed. Wherein the in cell touch panel is meant to form partial of the touch pad of the in cell touch panel on the array substrate by using the array process of the thin film transistor liquid crystal display apparatus to achieve the touch function. The conventional GOA circuit with the In Cell Touch Panel technology will have the function failure risk of the GOA circuit when operating All Gate On function. For example, the leakage of a gate signal point when all gate on and make the electric potential of the gate signal point in the abnormal status and lead to the failure of the GOA circuit. Besides, during the scanning period of the touch panel, a scanning signal is raised on the touch pad; the scanning signal will influence a gate driving signal of the GOA circuit and influence the normal display of the liquid crystal display apparatus. Wherein, the all gate on function is to set all of the gate driving signal in a valid electrical level to scan all of the liquid crystal display apparatus in the GOA circuit to clear the remaining charge of each pixel of the liquid crystal display apparatus from the black screen stage into the black screen awakening stage to solve the shadow issue when opening the panel.

Invention Disclosure:
The disclosure discloses a GOA circuit and a liquid crystal display apparatus. The GOA circuit includes a number of GOA unit in cascade connection, wherein the Nth level GOA unit includes a common signal point control module, a gate signal point control module, and a GAS signal operation module; wherein the common signal point control module is used to pull up the electrical level of the common signal point after the period of all gate on; a gate signal point control module is used to pull down the electrical level of a gate signal point after the period of all gate on; the GAS signal operation module is used to achieve the all gate on function by a first GAS signal and a second GAS signal to control the output of the Nth level gate driving signal in the touch panel scanning period.

[Assistant]
1. A gate driver on array (GOA) circuit for liquid crystal display apparatus, the GOA circuit having a plurality of GOA unit in cascade connection, wherein the Nth level GOA unit comprising:
a forward and reverse scanning module, an output control module, a pull-down module, a common signal point control module, a gate signal point control module, and an all-gate-on (GAS) signal operation module;
wherein the forward and reverse scanning module is used to control the forward scanning and the reverse scanning of the GOA circuit by the using of the first driving signal and the second driving signal;
the output control module is used to control the output of the Nth level gate driving signal during the operating period of the Nth level GOA unit;
the pull-down module is used to pull down the electrical level of a Nth level gate driving signal in the non-operating period of the Nth level GOA unit and control the output of the Nth level gate driving signal during the touch panel scanning period;
the common signal point control module is used to pull down the electrical level of a common signal point during the period of all gate on function of a gate driving signal, to pull up the electrical level of the common signal point during the period of entering black screen awakening stage and control the electrical level of the common signal point during the operating period of the Nth level GOA unit;
the gate signal point control module is used to control the electrical level of a gate signal point during the operating period of the Nth level GOA unit, and pull down the electrical level of the gate signal point during the period of entering black screen awakening stage;
the GAS signal operation module is used to achieve the all gate on function of the gate driving signal by a first GAS signal and a second GAS signal and control the output of the Nth level gate driving signal in the touch panel scanning period;
the forward and reverse scanning module comprises a first transistor, and a second transistor; a gate of the first transistor is connected to the N-2th level gate driving signal, a drain of the first transistor is connected to the first driving signal, a source of the first transistor is connected to the gate signal point, a gate of the second transistor is connected to the N+2th level gate driving signal, a drain of the second transistor is connected to the second driving signal and a source of the second transistor is connected to the gate signal point;
the output control module comprising a third transistor and a first capacitor, a gate of the third transistor is connected to one terminal of the first capacitor and the gate signal point, a source of the third transistor is connected to the other terminal of the first capacitor and the Nth level gate driving signal and a drain of the of the third transistor is connected to a first control clock;
the pull-down module includes a fourth transistor, a gate of the fourth transistor is connected to the common signal point, a source of the fourth transistor is connected to the negative and constant potential signal, a drain of the fourth transistor is connected to the Nth level gate driving signal;
the common signal point control module comprising a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, and an eighth transistor, a gate and a drain of the fifth transistor are connected to a reset signal, a source of the fifth transistor is connected to the common signal point, a gate of the sixth transistor is connected to the gate signal point, a source of the sixth transistor is connected to a second control clock, a drain of the sixth transistor is connected to the common signal point, a gate of the seventh transistor is connected to the second control clock, a source of the seventh transistor is connected to the common signal point, a drain of the seventh transistor is connected to the positive and constant potential signal, a gate of the eighth transistor is connected to the first GAS signal, a source of the eighth transistor is connected to the negative and constant potential signal, a drain of the eighth transistor is connected to the common signal point;
the gate signal point control module comprises a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor and an eleventh transistor, a gate of the ninth transistor is connected to the first control clock, a source of the ninth transistor is connected to a drain of the tenth transistor, a drain of the ninth transistor is connected to the gate signal point, a gate of the tenth transistor is connected to the common signal point, a source of the tenth transistor is connected to the negative and constant potential signal, a gate of the eleventh transistor is connected to the gate of the fifth transistor, a source of the eleventh transistor is connected to the negative and constant potential signal, a drain of the eleventh transistor is connected to the gate signal point; and
the GAS signal operation module comprises a twelfth transistor, and a thirteenth transistor, a gate and a source of the twelfth transistor are connected and received the first GAS signal, a drain of the twelfth transistor is connected to the Nth level gate driving signal, a gate of the thirteenth transistor is received the second GAS signal, a source of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the negative and constant potential signal, a drain of the thirteenth transistor is connected to the Nth level gate driving signal.

2. The GOA circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a first leakage control module to decrease the leakage of the gate signal point in the operating period of the Nth level GOA unit, wherein the first leakage control module comprises a fourteenth transistor, the fourteenth transistor is connected between the drain of the ninth transistor and the gate of the third transistor, a gate of the fourteenth transistor is connected to the positive and constant potential signal, a source of the fourteenth transistor is connected to the gate of the third transistor, a drain of the fourteenth transistor is connected to the drain of the ninth transistor.

3. The GOA circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a second leakage control module to control the leakage of the gate signal point in the operating period of the touch panel scanning period, wherein the second leakage control module comprises a fifteenth transistor and a sixteenth transistor, a gate of the fifteenth transistor is connected to the first driving signal, a gate of the sixteenth transistor is connected to the second driving signal, a source of the fifteenth transistor is connected to a source of the sixteenth transistor and further connected to the drain of the ninth transistor, a drain of the fifteenth transistor is connected to a drain of the sixteenth transistor and further connected to the source of the first transistor.

4. The GOA circuit according to claim 3, further comprising a common signal point assistant control module to assist the common signal point control module to control the electrical level of the common signal point in the operating period of the Nth level GOA unit; and
wherein the common signal point assistant control module is connected between the second clock control signal and the source of the sixth transistor, the common signal point assistant control module comprises a seventeenth transistor and an eighteenth transistor, a gate of the seventeenth transistor is connected to the first driving signal, a gate of the eighteenth transistor is connected to the second driving signal, the source of the seventeenth transistor and the eighteenth transistor are connected to the source of the sixth transistor, the drain of the seventeenth transistor and the eighteenth transistor are connected to the second control clock.

5. The GOA circuit according to claim 1, wherein the GOA circuit receives a first clock signal, a second clock signal, a third clock signal, and a fourth clock signal,
wherein the first clock signal, the second clock signal, the third clock signal, and the fourth clock signal are timely valid in the operating period of the GOA circuit;
wherein the GOA circuit further comprises a first GOA sub circuit having odd number level GOA units in cascade connection, and a second GOA sub circuit having even number level GOA units in cascade connection; and
wherein in the first GOA sub circuit, the first clock signal and the third clock signal are interlaced input to the first control clock and the second control clock;
wherein in the second GOA sub circuit, the second clock signal and the fourth clock signal are interlaced input to the first control clock and the second control clock of the GOA unit.

6. The GOA circuit according to claim 5, wherein the first clock signal, the second clock signal, the third clock signal, the fourth clock signal and the negative and constant potential signal output a scanning pulse signal in the touch panel scanning stage.

7. The GOA circuit according to claim 1, wherein in the black screen stage of the liquid crystal display apparatus, the first GAS signal is a high electrical level signal, and the second GAS signal is a low electrical level signal.

8. The GOA circuit according to claim 4, wherein the black screen stage of the liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a touch panel detection period and all gate on of all of the gate driving signal period, wherein in the touch panel detection period, the first GAS signal is low electrical level signal, the second GAS signal is high electrical level signal; in the all gate on of all of the gate driving signal period, the first GAS signal is high electrical level signal, the second GAS signal is low electrical level signal.

9. A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a GOA circuit according to claim 1.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: High Concentration Doping In Silicon

Technical Field and Background:
Hydrogenation of crystalline silicon involves the bonding of hydrogen atoms to crystallographic defects or contamination within, the silicon lattice in a way that prevents that defect or contaminant from acting as a recombination site for minority charge carriers. This is known as passivation of the particular recombination site. This is important for semiconductor devices that require long minority carrier lifetimes such as solar cells and particularly where cheap silicon is used that often has poor crystallographic quality and/or purity and therefore needs passivation to bring the quality to acceptable levels for high efficiency solar cells. Low cost silicon in general has much higher densities of silicon crystallographic defects and/or unwanted impurities. These lower the minority carrier lifetime of the silicon and therefore reduce the efficiencies of solar cells made from such material. Passivation of such defects and contaminants to improve minority carrier lifetimes is therefore an important part of being able to fabricate high efficiency solar cells when using lower quality silicon than that routinely used by the microelectronics industry such as with floatzone (FZ) wafers formed from semiconductor grade silicon. Currently, without a full understanding of the hydrogenation process and its potential, the designs of commercially manufactured solar cell structures are not ideal to facilitate hydrogenation throughout the cell, and this is reflected in the poor bulk lifetimes for technologies using standard commercial grade p-type wafers. The ability of hydrogen to move throughout silicon is greatly inhibited by interactions with dopant atoms. For example, in equilibrium in n-type silicon, almost all hydrogen is in the negative charge state (H − ) and in p-type silicon almost all hydrogen is in the positive charge state (H + ). However hydrogen in these charge states in the respective silicon polarity can lead to strong attraction between the hydrogen atom and the respective dopant atoms, making it difficult for the hydrogen atom to move past such dopant atoms. This can lead to the neutralization of the dopant atoms, and thus the hydrogen can no longer move throughout the silicon. This behaviour of hydrogen in silicon has not been well understood or has been overlooked in the past, with the result that attempts at hydrogenation have been less effective than would have been believed by cell designers. For example, H + can interact with ionised boron atoms (B − ) to form neutral boron-hydrogen (B—H) complexes. Similarly, H − can interact with ionised phosphorus atoms (P + ) to form neutral phosphorus-hydrogen (P—H) complexes. Boron (B) is a valency 3 element which can be used to dope silicon to produce p-type material when taking on substitutional sites within the silicon lattice. Each such boron atom therefore produces a free “hole”, leaving the boron atom with a fixed negative charge. If atomic hydrogen is directed into such a p-type region and if the hydrogen takes on the positive charge state (H+), strong electrostatic forces exist between the B − and H + atoms, leading to a high probability that the two will react to form a B—H bond, therefore trapping the hydrogen atom at that location but while simultaneously deactivating the boron atom such that electronically it acts as if it were no longer there. Conversely, phosphorus (P) is a valency 5 element which can be used to dope silicon to produce n-type material when taking on substitutional sites within the silicon lattice. Each such phosphorus atom therefore produces a free “electron”, leaving the phosphorus atom with a fixed positive charge. If atomic hydrogen is directed into such an n-type region and if the hydrogen takes on the negative charge state (H−), strong electrostatic forces exist between the P+ and H− atoms, leading to a high probability that the two will react to form a P—H bond, therefore trapping the hydrogen atom at that location but while simultaneously deactivating the phosphorus atom such that electronically it acts as if it were no longer there. The dissociation of the dopant-hydrogen complexes is difficult, as even if there is sufficient thermal energy to dissociate the complex (e.g. >150° C.), the coulombic attraction between the dopant atom and the atomic hydrogen (H − for phosphorus and H + for boron) prevents the escape of the hydrogen atom, and a rapid reformation of the dopant-hydrogen complex is likely.

Invention Disclosure:
A silicon device, has a plurality of crystalline silicon regions. One crystalline silicon region is a doped crystalline silicon region. Deactivating some or all of the dopant atoms in the doped crystalline silicon region is achieved by introducing hydrogen atoms into the doped 5 crystalline silicon region, whereby the hydrogen coulombicly bonds with some or all of the dopant atoms to deactivate the respective dopant atoms. Deactivated dopant atoms may be reactivated by heating and illuminating the doped crystalline silicon region to break at least some of the dopant-hydrogen bonds while maintaining conditions to create a high concentration of neutral hydrogen atoms whereby 10 some of the hydrogen atoms diffuse from the doped crystalline silicon region without rebinding to the dopant atoms.

[Assistant]
1. A method for processing of a crystalline silicon device, having a plurality of crystalline silicon regions, at least one crystalline silicon region having a plurality of crystallographic defects or contaminants, the at least one crystalline silicon region being a doped crystalline silicon region in which some dopant atoms are deactivated by combining with a hydrogen atom, the method comprising:
reactivating some deactivated dopant atoms by heating and illuminating the doped crystalline silicon region to break at least some bonds between dopant atoms and hydrogen atoms while maintaining conditions to create a relatively high concentration of neutral or negative hydrogen atoms, whereby some of the hydrogen atoms diffuse from the doped crystalline silicon region without re-bonding to the dopant atoms; and
subsequently heating at least a portion of the doped crystalline silicon region to bond some or all of the neutral or negative hydrogen atoms to the crystallographic defects or contaminants in the at least one crystalline silicon region.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after heating and illuminating the doped crystalline silicon region, a cooling period is provided during which illumination is maintained to maintain the relatively high concentration of neutral or negative hydrogen atoms.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein some or all of the deactivated dopant atoms in a selected crystalline silicon region are subsequently reactivated by subjecting the dopant atoms in the selected crystalline silicon region to heat and illuminating a crystalline silicon region adjacent to the selected crystalline silicon region, whereby electron hole pairs are generated to increase a proportion of minority carriers in the crystalline silicon region adjacent to the selected crystalline silicon region and such that the minority carriers generated in the crystalline silicon region adjacent to the selected crystalline silicon region diffuse to the selected crystalline silicon region.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the selected crystalline silicon region is allowed to cool to below 120° C. within a carrier lifetime of the minority carriers or within a life expectancy of neutral hydrogen atoms or a hydrogen atom of a same charge state as the dopant atoms in the selected crystalline silicon region.

5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein heating, illumination, or both heating and illumination of the selected crystalline silicon region and the crystalline silicon region adjacent to the selected crystalline silicon region is performed with a laser.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, prior to reactivating:
doping the crystalline silicon device with dopant atoms of a first dopant polarity to create the doped crystalline silicon region with a dopant atom concentration greater than a required final active dopant atom concentration in the doped crystalline silicon region, and
deactivating some of the dopant atoms in the doped crystalline silicon region by introducing hydrogen atoms into the doped crystalline silicon region, whereby some of the hydrogen atoms bond with some or all of the dopant atoms of the first dopant polarity to deactivate the dopant atoms having the first dopant polarity.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the doped crystalline silicon region is a surface region of the crystalline silicon device.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating and illumination of the dopant atoms are performed with a laser.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the laser is scanned over a plurality of crystalline silicon regions.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein hydrogen atoms are introduced into the crystalline silicon device by forming a dielectric hydrogen source on a surface of the at least one crystalline silicon region and subsequently heating the device to migrate the hydrogen atoms into the at least one crystalline silicon region.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein hydrogen atoms are introduced into the crystalline silicon device from the dielectric hydrogen source to deactivate dopant atoms in a surface region of the at least one crystalline silicon region, by heating the device in an absence of illumination or in low illumination conditions.

12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein dielectric hydrogen sources are formed on each of a front and a rear crystalline silicon surface of the crystalline silicon device.

13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the crystalline silicon device comprises a crystalline silicon surface n-type diffused layer through which hydrogen must diffuse, the crystalline silicon surface n-type diffused layer having a net active doping concentration of 1×10 20 atoms/cm 3 or less.

14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the crystalline silicon device comprises a crystalline silicon surface p-type diffused layer through which hydrogen must diffuse, the crystalline silicon surface p-type diffused layer having a net active doping concentration of 1×10 19 atoms/cm 3 or less.

15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating of the crystalline silicon device comprises heating at least a crystalline silicon region of the device to at least 40° C. while simultaneously illuminating at least some of the crystalline silicon device with at least one light source, whereby a cumulative power of incident photons with sufficient energy to generate electron hole pairs within the crystalline silicon device is at least 20 mW/cm 2.

16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein illumination of the crystalline silicon device is from at least one light source and is provided at a level whereby a cumulative power of incident photons with sufficient energy to generate electron hole pairs within the crystalline silicon device is at least 50 mW/cm 2, or 60 mW/cm 2, or 70 mW/cm 2, or 80 mW/cm 2, or 90 mW/cm 2, or 100 mW/cm 2, or 150 mW/cm 2, or 200 mW/cm 2, or 300 mW/cm 2, or 400 mW/cm 2, or 500 mW/cm 2, or 600 mW/cm 2, or 700 mW/cm 2, or 800 mW/cm 2, or 900 mW/cm 2, or 1000 mW/cm 2, or 1500 mW/cm 2, or 2000 mW/cm 2, or 3000 mW/cm 2, or 5000 mW/cm 2, or 10000 mW/cm 2, or 15000 mW/cm 2, or 20000 mW/cm 2, or up to a light intensity at which crystalline silicon begins to melt.

17. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating of the crystalline silicon device at a range of cumulative power comprises heating at least a region of the device to at least 100° C.

18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating of the crystalline silicon device comprises heating the device to at least 140° C., to at least 180° C., to at least 200° C., or to at least 400° C.

19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating of the crystalline silicon device comprises heating the device to at least 500° C., or to at least 600° C., or to at least 700° C., or to at least 800° C., or to at least 900° C., or to at least 1,000° C., or to at least 1,200° C. or to a temperature at which crystalline silicon begins to melt.

20. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein heating of the crystalline silicon device is followed by cooling the crystalline silicon device while simultaneously illuminating at least some of the crystalline silicon device with at least one light source, whereby a cumulative power of incident photons with sufficient energy to generate electron hole pairs within the crystalline silicon device is at least 20 mW/cm 2.

21. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a minority carrier concentration is controlled, through use of light and heat, during a cool-down period after heating, and any post-hydrogenation thermal processes, to maintain a hydrogen charge state during the cool-down period to minimize reactivation of defects to which a hydrogen atom was previously bound.

22. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline silicon device is illuminated with an array of LEDs.

23. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein pulsed illumination is applied to the crystalline silicon device.

24. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an intensity of illumination applied to the crystalline silicon device is controlled to maintain a Fermi level at a value of 0.10 to 0.22 ev above mid-gap.

25. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline silicon device comprises a photovoltaic device having at least one rectifying junction.

26. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the doped crystalline silicon region is doped with a p-type (valency 3) dopant selected from boron, aluminium and gallium.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Repeater

Technical Field and Background:
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a repeater. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, a repeater configured to connect communication cables together has been known. As illustrated in FIG. 3 , a known repeater 31 includes two connectors 32 and a circuit board 33 on which the two connectors 32 are mounted, and is configured to connect communication cables (not illustrated) each of which is connected to the corresponding one of the connectors 32 together. In the circuit board 33 , a signal transmission section 34 that connects corresponding ones of electrodes (terminals) 35 of the two connectors 32 together is formed. As the communication cables, in general, communication cables each of which has four pairs of signal lines through which a differential signal is transmitted and is provided with a plug connector including eight electrodes (terminals) at an end portion thereof so as to be integrated as one are used. Therefore, as the connectors 32 , in general, jack connectors each of which includes the eight electrodes 35 are used. An arrangement of the electrodes 35 of the jack connectors used as the connectors 32 is standardized by TIA/EIA-568-B defined by American National Standards Institute, and the like, and first and second ones, third and sixth ones, fourth and fifth ones, and seventh and eighth ones of the electrodes 35 are used as pairs. The signal transmission section 34 includes first to eighth main transmission channels 36 each of which connects ones of the electrodes 35 of the two connectors 32 , which are numbered with the same number, together. In the known repeater 31 , the two connectors 32 having the same configuration are mounted on one (a lower surface in FIG. 2 ) of surfaces of the circuit board 33 . Note that Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-116667 discusses related art.

Invention Disclosure:
A repeater includes two connectors to each of which a communication cable is connected and a circuit board on which the two connectors are mounted and which includes a signal transmission section configured to connect corresponding ones of electrodes of the two connectors together, and the two connectors are mounted on different surfaces of the circuit board such that the communication cables are inserted in opposite insertion directions.

[Assistant]
1. A repeater, comprising:
two connectors each comprising electrodes, the two connectors configured to connect a communication cable; and
a circuit board on which the two connectors are mounted, the circuit board comprising a signal transmission section configured to connect corresponding electrodes of the two connectors together,
wherein each of the two connectors comprises first to eighth electrodes, the first and second electrodes, the third and sixth electrodes, the fourth and fifth electrodes, and seventh and eighth electrodes being used as pairs for transmitting a differential signal,
wherein the circuit board comprises a first set of first to eighth pads that connect corresponding first to eighth electrodes of one of the two connectors and a second set of first to eighth pads that connect corresponding first to eighth electrodes of another of the two connectors,
wherein the first set of first to eighth pads and the second set of first to eighth pads are arranged in parallel and in a same order viewed from a same side of the circuit board, the signal transmission section comprising first to eighth linear main transmission channels each of which is configured to connect corresponding electrodes of the two connectors together, and
wherein the two connectors are mounted on different surfaces of the circuit board such that a part of the communication cable connected to the one of the two connectors and another part of the communication cable connected to said another of the two connectors are inserted in opposite insertion directions.

2. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein the two connectors have a same configuration.

3. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises a flexible printed circuit board.

4. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein
the main transmission channels are arranged such that the first, second, sixth, fourth, fifth, third, seventh, and eighth main transmission channels are disposed in this order.

5. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein
the main transmission channels are arranged such that the second, first, third, fifth, fourth, sixth, eighth, and seventh main transmission channels are disposed in this order.

6. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein, when viewed from the same side of the circuit board, the first electrode of said one of the two connectors is connected to the first electrode of said another of the two connectors, and the eighth electrode of said one of the two connectors is connected to the eighth electrode of said another of the two connectors.

7. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein said one of the two connectors is mounted on a back surface of the circuit board, and said another of the two connectors is mounted on a front surface of the circuit board.

8. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein, when viewed from a side of the repeater, the circuit board is curved between the two connectors such that the circuit board has an S shape.

9. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein first and second ones of the main transmission channels, third and sixth ones of the main transmission channels, fourth and fifth ones of the main transmission channels, and seventh and eighth ones of the main transmission channels are used as pairs.

10. The repeater according to claim 9, wherein the pair of the fourth and fifth ones of the main transmission channels is interposed between the pair of the third and sixth ones of the main transmission channels.

11. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein a pair of the fourth and fifth ones of the main transmission channels is interposed between a pair of the third and sixth ones of the main transmission channels.

12. The repeater according to claim 1, wherein, when viewed from the same side of the circuit board, said one of the two connectors has a same configuration as said another of the two connectors.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Wireless Backhaul For Wireless Relays In A Data Communication Network

Technical Field and Background:
Wireless communication networks exchange user data between communication devices to facilitate various data services, like internet access, voice calling, media streaming, data messaging, and the like. Wireless communication networks allow users to move about as they communicate. A popular form of wireless communication network is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE networks transfer LTE signaling to implement LTE data services for their users. The LTE signaling includes S1-MME, S1-U, S11, S5, S15, Gz/Gy, and X2. Wireless relays are used to extend the coverage area of wireless networks. The wireless relays serve user devices and exchange user data and signaling with wireless base stations or other some other network gateway. In LTE networks, femtocell relays and picocell relays are used to exchange user data and signaling between User Equipment (UE) and macrocell eNodeBs. If needed, multiple wireless relays are linked in series between the UEs and the eNodeBs. In some implementations, the femtocell and picocell relays may exchange their user data and signaling over the Internet between the UEs and the network core. The communication path between the wireless relays and the LTE network core is referred to as backhaul. Unfortunately, current backhaul technologies are not efficient and effective for wireless relays that are deployed between the UEs and the macrocell eNodeBs that are coupled to the LTE core.

Invention Disclosure:
A wireless relay serves a first User Equipment (UE). A first eNodeB in the relay wirelessly exchanges UE signaling data and UE user data with the first UE. The first eNodeB processes the UE signaling data to generate S1-MME signaling data and exchanges the S1-MME signaling data with a second UE in the relay. The first eNodeB processes the UE user data to generate S1-U user data and exchanges the S1-U user data with a Local Serving Gateway (L-SGW) in the relay. The L-SGW terminates the S1-U user data to generate non-General Packet Radio Service Transfer Protocol (non-GTP) user data. The L-SGW exchanges the non-GTP user data with the second UE in the relay. The second UE compresses/decompresses the non-GTP user data and the S1-MME signaling data. The second UE wirelessly exchanges the compressed non-GTP user data the compressed S1-MME signaling data with a second eNodeB.

[Assistant]
1. A method of operating a wireless relay to serve a first User Equipment (UE), the method comprising:
in the wireless relay, a first eNodeB wirelessly exchanging UE signaling data with the first UE, processing the UE signaling data to generate SI-MME signaling data, and exchanging the SI-MME signaling data with a second UE in the wireless relay;
in the wireless relay, the first eNodeB wirelessly exchanging UE user data with the first UE, processing the UE user data to generate S1-U user data, and exchanging the S1-U user data with a Local Serving Gateway (L-SGW) in the wireless relay;
in the wireless relay, the L-SGW terminating the S1-U user data to generate non-General Packet Radio Service Transfer Protocol (non-GTP) user data and exchanging the non-GTP user data with the second UE in the wireless relay; and
in the wireless relay, the second UE compressing or decompressing the non-GTP user data and the SI-MME signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed non-GTP user data the SI-MME signaling data with a second eNodeB;
in the wireless relay, a Local CDF or CTF (L-Charging Data Function or Charging Trigger Function (CDF or CTF)) generating Gz or Gy signaling data and exchanging the Gz or Gy signaling data with the second UE; and the second UE compressing or decompressing the Gz or Gy signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed Gz or Gy signaling data with the second eNodeB.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second UE compressing or decompressing the non-GTP user data comprises using Robust Header Compression (RoHC).

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: the second UE wirelessly initiating a relay data bearer by transferring a Relay Public Land Mobile Network (R-PLMN); and wherein wirelessly exchanging the compressed non-GTP user data with the second eNodeB comprises wirelessly exchanging the compressed non-GTP user data with the second eNodeB over the relay data bearer initiated with the R-PLMN.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the second UE obtaining the relay data bearer based on a Relay Access Point Name (R-APN) associated with the R-PLMN.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the relay data bearer comprises a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising, in the wireless relay, the second UE compressing or decompressing the SI-MME signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed SI-MME signaling data with the second eNodeB.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising: in the wireless relay, the L-SGW generating Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) signaling data and exchanging the PMIP signaling data with the second UE in the wireless relay; and the second UE compressing or decompressing the PMIP signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed PMIP signaling data with the second eNodeB.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: in the wireless relay, a Local Policy and Charging and Rules Function (L-PCRF) generating S15 signaling data and exchanging the S15 signaling data with the second UE in the wireless relay; and the second UE compressing or decompressing the S15 signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed S15 signaling data with the second eNodeB.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: in the wireless relay, the first eNodeB generating X2 signaling data and exchanging the X2 signaling data with the second UE; and in the wireless relay, the second UE compressing or decompressing the X2 signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed X2 signaling data with the second eNodeB.

10. A wireless relay to serve a first User Equipment (UE) comprising: a second UE;
a Local Serving Gateway (L-SGW);
a first eNodeB configured to wirelessly exchange UE signaling data with the first UE, process the UE signaling data to generate SI-MME signaling data, exchange the SI-MME signaling data with the second UE, wirelessly exchange UE user data with the first UE, process the UE user data to generate SI-U user data, and exchange the SI-U user data with the L-SGW;
the L-SGW configured to terminate the SI-U user data to generate non-General Packet Radio Service Transfer Protocol (non-GTP) user data and exchange the non-GTP user data with the second UE; and
the second UE configured to compressing or decompressing the non-GTP user data and the SI-MME signaling data and to wirelessly exchange the compressed non-GTP user data the compressed SI-MME signaling data with a second eNodeB;
a Local CDF or CTF (L-Charging Data Function or Charging Trigger Function (CDF or CTF)) configured to generate Gz or Gy signaling data and exchange the Gz or Gy signaling data with the second UE; and wherein the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the Gz or Gy signaling data and wirelessly exchange the compressed Gz or Gy signaling data with the second eNodeB.

11. The wireless relay of claim 10 wherein the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the non-GTP user data using Robust Header Compression (RoHC).

12. The wireless relay of claim 10 wherein the second UE is configured to wirelessly initiate a relay data bearer by transferring a Relay Public Land Mobile Network (R-PLMN) and to wirelessly exchange the compressed non-GTP user data with the second eNodeB over the relay data bearer initiated with the R-PLMN.

13. The wireless relay of claim 12 wherein the second UE obtains the relay data bearer based on a Relay Access Point Name (R-APN) associated with the R-PLMN.

14. The wireless relay of claim 12 wherein the relay data bearer comprises a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel.

15. The wireless relay of claim 10 wherein the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the SI-MME signaling data and wirelessly exchange the compressed SI-MME signaling data with the second eNodeB.

16. The wireless relay of claim 10 wherein: the L-SGW is configured to generate Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) signaling data and exchange the PMIP signaling data with the second UE; and the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the PMIP signaling data and wirelessly exchange the compressed PMIP signaling data with the second eNodeB.

17. The wireless relay of claim 10 further comprising: a Local Policy and Charging and Rules Function (L-PCRF) configured to generate S15 signaling data and exchange the S15 signaling data with the second UE; and wherein the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the S15 signaling data and wirelessly exchange the compressed S15 signaling data with the second eNodeB.

18. The wireless relay of claim 10 wherein: the first eNodeB is configured to generate X2 signaling and exchange the X2 signaling data with the second UE; and the second UE is configured to compress or decompress the X2 signaling data and wirelessly exchanging the compressed X2 signaling data with the second eNodeB.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Hydraulic Wave Energy Converter

Technical Field and Background:
1. Field of Invention The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy, and more particularly to an apparatus which is capable of converting ocean wave energy into high-pressure hydropower so as to drive the water turbine generator to generate electricity. 2. Description of Related Arts In order to reduce carbon emissions for fighting global warming, some products and patents which utilize ocean wave energy to generate electricity appear, such as the “sea snake” device in Britain. The “sea snake” device comprises three metallic cylinders, each of which having a length of 40 M and a diameter of 3 M, a hydraulic machinery is installed within the metallic cylinders, the metallic cylinders fluctuate in waves for driving the hydraulic machinery to generate electricity, and the maximum generation power is 750 Kw. However, the “sea snake” device has disadvantages of complex structure, poor maintenance and low wave energy utilization efficiency. The “floating pontoon wave energy electricity generating equipment” (disclosed by Chinese Patent No. 85100366.4) comprises a cylinder floating body on the surface of the water, a piston floating body under the water and mooring device, wherein under the effect of waves, the cylinder floating body moves relatively to the piston floating body for generating electricity. It is required that under the effect of waves (non-sinusoidal waves), the cylinder floating body and the piston floating body periodically swing along with waves, and however, in fact, the piston floating body rotates by taking two mooring points under the piston floating body as the rotating axis, so as to drive the cylinder to similarly rotate in a large angle. Therefore, in spite that the draught of the cylinder is increased and the buoyancy thereof is also increased, acting components are small, namely, generating capacities are small; and simultaneously, due to the large angle rotation of the cylinder floating body, the buoyancy thereof is increased much, so that while weakening wave forces, the cylinder floating body immediately returns back to the vertical position under the effect of buoyancy, namely the cylinder floating body moves asynchronously with the wave period. In addition, the diameter of the cylinder cover of the pressure cylinder on the cylinder floating body is the same as the inner diameter of the pressure cylinder, in such a manner that the size of the inlet valve and the outlet valve which are arranged on the cylinder cover is small, so that water absorption and water drainage are not free. Both the inlet valve and the outlet valve have improper structures, so that the pressure cylinder is unable to maintain air tightness and water tightness. Moreover, the frame-type guiding rail is easy to be corroded and damaged, so that the movement of the cylinder floating body is blocked and the piston rod is deformed.

Invention Disclosure:
A hydraulic wave energy converter, for converting wave energy into high-pressure water energy, includes a rectangular upper floating body (1) floating on water surface, a cylindrical housing-shaped lower floating body (2) under water, a first cable (3), a second cable (4), a hanging rod (5), a ball hinged hook (6), a sea floor anchor pile (7), and other mooring facilities. A plurality of water hydraulic cylinders (8) are vertically fixed at two wider sides of the upper floating body (1) and are reliably connected with the lower floating body (2) through piston heads (27), piston rods (28) and piston rod seats (29). The hydraulic wave energy converter can convert the vertical component and the horizontal component of the wave motion into high-pressure water energy for impacting a hydraulic generator set to generate power, and is lower in cost, simple in maintenance and high in wave energy conversion efficiency.

[Assistant]
1. A hydraulic wave energy converter, comprising:
an upper floating body ( 1 ), a lower floating body ( 2 ), a first cable ( 3 ), a second cable ( 4 ), a hanging rod ( 5 ), a ball hinged hook ( 6 ) and a sea floor anchor pile ( 7 ),
wherein the upper floating body ( 1 ) is a rectangular hollow concrete building, at least two hydraulic cylinders ( 8 ) are respectively vertically and equidistantly fixed to two wider sides of the upper floating body ( 1 ), a flared joint ( 9 ) is fixed to an upper end of every hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ), a flared joint ( 10 ) is fixed to a lower end of every hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ), a cylinder cover ( 11 ) is located at a wider end of the flared joint ( 9 ), a water outlet ( 12 ) is provided at a middle of the cylinder cover ( 11 ), two water inlets ( 13 ) are respectively provided at two sides of the cylinder cover ( 11 ), a cylinder cover ( 14 ) is located at a wider end of the flared joint ( 10 ), a bearing ( 15 ) is mounted in a circular hole at a middle of the cylinder cover ( 14 ), a water outlet ( 16 ) and two water inlets ( 17 ) are respectively provided at a periphery of the cylinder cover ( 14 ), the water outlet ( 12 ) is connected with a water discharging valve chamber ( 18 ) and a water discharging pipe ( 19 ), the water outlet ( 16 ) is connected with the water discharging valve chamber ( 18 ) and a water discharging pipe ( 20 ), both the two water inlets ( 13 ) and the two water inlets ( 17 ) are connected with a water inflowing valve chamber ( 21 ) and a water inflowing pipe ( 22 ), a water discharging valve ( 23 ) and a spring ( 24 ) are located within the water discharging valve chamber ( 18 ), a water inflowing valve ( 25 ) and a spring ( 26 ) are located within the water inflowing valve chamber ( 21 ), a piston head ( 27 ) slidably fitted with a cylinder wall and a piston rod ( 28 ) connected with the piston head ( 27 ) are located within every hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ), a proportion of the upper floating body ( 1 ) with every hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ) is 0. 5, the lower floating body ( 2 ) is a sealing cylindrical housing, a piston rod seat ( 29 ) is located at an upper portion of the lower floating body ( 2 ), an amount and a position of the piston rod seat ( 29 ) are corresponding to those of the piston rod ( 28 ), a first pair of earrings ( 30 ) and ( 31 ) are located at one side of the lower floating body ( 2 ), a second pair of earrings ( 32 ) and ( 33 ) are located at the other side of the lower floating body ( 2 ), the first cable ( 3 ) is fixedly connected with the first pair of earrings ( 30 ) and ( 31 ) via the hanging rod ( 5 ), the second cable ( 4 ) is fixedly connected with the second pair of earrings ( 32 ) and ( 33 ) via the hanging rod ( 5 ), the hanging rod ( 5 ) is connected with the sea floor anchor pile ( 7 ) via the ball hinged hook ( 6 ).

2. The hydraulic wave energy converter, as recited in claim 1, wherein every hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ) is made of seamless steel tube, and a cylinder sleeve made of titanium metal plate which is resistant from sea water corrosion, is located at an inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder ( 8 ).

3. The hydraulic wave energy converter, as recited in claim 1, wherein the first cable ( 3 ) and the second cable ( 4 ) are made of steel wires with high strength, or carbon fiber or aromatic polyamide fiber with higher strength and corrosion resistance, an armored protective layer is coated on the carbon fiber cable or aromatic polyamide fiber cables.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Method And Device For Cancelling Device Trigger In Wireless Communication System

Technical Field and Background:
MTC (Machine Type Communications) refers to a communication scheme involving one or more machines. MTC is also called Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication or Internet of Things (IoT). A machine is an entity that does not need direct human manipulation or intervention. For example, a user device such as a smartphone that can be automatically connected to a network and perform communication without a user's manipulation/intervention as well as a meter or automatic vending machine equipped with a mobile communication module may be an example of the machine. Such various exemplary machines will be referred to as MTC devices or User Equipments (UEs) in the present disclosure. That is, MTC means communication performed by one or more machines (i.e., MTC devices) without human manipulation/intervention. MTC may cover communication between MTC devices (e.g., Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) and communication between an MTC device and an MTC application server. For example, communication between an MTC device and an MTC application server may be communication between an automatic vending machine and a server, communication between a Point Of Sale (POS) device and a server, and communication between an electricity, gas, or water meter and a server. In addition, MTC-based applications may include security, transportation, health care, etc. An MTC device may establish connection in accordance with a request or command in a state that it is on standby without establishing connection for data transmission and reception to minimize power consumption. This request or command may be referred to as an MTC device triggering message.

Invention Disclosure:
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and a device for cancelling a device trigger. The method for cancelling a device trigger in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, can comprise the steps of: receiving a cancellation request for a first trigger message in a network node; and transmitting a second trigger message to the terminal if the first trigger message has been transmitted to the terminal and the cancellation request indicates a replacement request. The second trigger message can include information which indicates that the cancellation of the first trigger message has been requested.

[Assistant]
1. A method for cancelling a device trigger in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, from a services capability service/application server (SCS/AS), a cancellation request of a first trigger message in a network node;
checking whether the first trigger message has been transmitted to a user equipment or is pending in the network node; and
transmitting a second trigger message to the user equipment if the cancellation request indicates a replace request,
wherein if the first trigger message has been transmitted to the user equipment, the second trigger message includes cancellation information,
wherein if the transmission of the first trigger message from the network node to the user equipment is canceled by the network node based on the cancellation request of the first trigger message from the SCS/AS or if the first trigger message is pending in the network node, the second trigger message does not include cancellation information, and
wherein the cancellation information indicates that operation of the first trigger message has been canceled by the cancellation request of the SCS/AS.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein an operation to be performed by the user equipment in accordance with cancellation of the first trigger message includes one or more of cancellation of a task or reserved task based on the first trigger message, cancellation of connection to a network based on the first trigger message, and cancellation of data transmission to a network based on the first trigger message.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second trigger message is transmitted to the user equipment in the case that the first trigger message is successfully delivered to the user equipment, the first trigger message is transmitted to the user equipment regardless of successful delivery of the first trigger message to the user equipment, or the first trigger message is successfully delivered to the user equipment or the network node does not know whether the first trigger message has been transmitted to the user equipment but successfully delivered to the user equipment.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, if the first trigger message has been transmitted to the user equipment and the cancellation request indicates a recall request, only the cancellation information is transmitted to the user equipment, and includes information indicating that cancellation of the first trigger message has been requested.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cancellation information further includes information indicating an operation to be performed by the user equipment in accordance with cancellation of the first trigger message.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the operation to be performed by the user equipment in accordance with cancellation of the first trigger message includes one or more of cancellation of a task or reserved task based on the first trigger message, cancellation of connection to a network based on the first trigger message, and cancellation of data transmission to a network based on the first trigger message.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cancellation information message is transmitted to the user equipment in the case that the first trigger message is successfully delivered to the user equipment, the first trigger message is transmitted to the user equipment regardless of successful delivery of the first trigger message to the user equipment, or the first trigger message is successfully delivered to the user equipment or the network node does not know whether the first trigger message has been transmitted to the user equipment but successfully delivered to the user equipment.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, if the first trigger message is pending in the network node or has been transmitted to the user equipment but not delivered to the user equipment successfully and the cancellation request indicates the replace request, the cancellation request is considered as success and a new trigger message is transmitted to the user equipment.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, if the first trigger message is pending in the network node or has been transmitted to the user equipment but not delivered to the user equipment successfully and the cancellation request indicates the recall request, the cancellation request is considered as success.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network node is a machine type communication-interworking function (MTC-IWF) or a short message service-service center (SMS-SC).

11. A network node device for cancelling a device trigger in a wireless communication system, the network node device comprising:
a transceiver; and
a processor,
wherein the processor is configured to:
control the transceiver to receive, from a services capability service/application server (SCS/AS), a cancellation request of a first trigger message,
check whether the first trigger message has been transmitted to a user equipment or is pending in the network node, and
control the transceiver to transmit a second trigger message to the user equipment if the cancellation request indicates a replace request,
wherein if the first trigger message has been transmitted to the user equipment, the second trigger message includes cancellation information,
wherein if the transmission of the first trigger message from the network node to the user equipment is canceled by the network node based on the cancellation request of the first trigger message from the SCS/AS or if the first trigger message is pending in the network node, the second trigger message does not include cancellation information, and
wherein the cancellation information indicates that operation of the first trigger message has been canceled by the cancellation request of the SCS/AS.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Material For Organic Electroluminescence Device And Organic Electroluminescence Device Using The Same

Technical Field and Background:
An organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter, “electroluminescence” may be abbreviated as “EL”) is a spontaneous light emitting device which utilizes the principle that a fluorescent substance emits light by energy of recombination of holes injected from an anode and electrons injected from a cathode when an electric field is applied. Since an organic EL device of the laminate type driven under a low electric voltage was reported, many studies have been conducted on organic EL devices using organic materials as the constituent materials. The devices of the laminate type use tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum for a light emitting layer and a triphenyldiamine derivative for a hole transporting layer. Advantages of the laminate structure are that the efficiency of hole injection into the light emitting layer can be increased, that the efficiency of forming exciton which are formed by blocking and recombining electrons injected from the cathode can be increased, and that exciton formed within the light emitting layer can be enclosed. As described above, for the structure of the organic EL device, a two-layered structure having a hole transporting (injecting) layer and an electron transporting light emitting layer and a three-layered structure having a hole transporting (injecting) layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transporting (injecting) layer are well known. To increase the efficiency of recombination of injected holes and electrons in the devices of the laminate type, the structure of the device and the process for forming the device have been studied. As the light emitting material of the organic EL device, chelate complexes such as tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum complexes, coumarine derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, and oxadiazole derivatives are known. It is reported that light in the visible region ranging from blue light to red light can be obtained by using these light emitting materials, and development of a device exhibiting color images is expected. In addition, it has been recently proposed that a phosphorescent material as well as a fluorescent material be utilized in the light emitting layer of an organic EL device. High luminous efficiency is achieved by utilizing the singlet and triplet states of an excited state of an organic phosphorescent material in the light emitting layer of an organic EL device. Upon recombination of an electron and a hole in an organic EL device, singlet excitons and triplet excitons may be produced at a ratio of 1:3 owing to a difference in spin multiplicity between the singlet and triplet excitons, so the use of a phosphorescent material may achieve luminous efficiency three to four times as high as that of a device using fluorescence alone. Patent Documents 1 to 7 are exemplary inventions each describing such materials for an organic EL device. Patent Document 1 describes a compound using, as a mother skeleton, a structure obtained by crosslinking a terphenylene skeleton with, for example, a carbon atom, nitrogen atom, or oxygen atom. The document, which mainly discloses data indicative of the potential of the compound to serve as a hole transporting material, describes that the compound is used as a host material for a phosphorescent material in a light emitting layer. However, the description is limited to a red phosphorescent device, and the luminous efficiency of the device is not high enough for the device to be put into practical use. Patent Document 2 describes an indolocarbazole compound having a substituent on a nitrogen atom or on an aromatic ring. The document recommends that the compound be used as a hole transporting material, and describes that a thermally and morphologically stable, thin hole transporting layer can be prepared from the compound. However, the document does not describe data indicative of the usefulness of the compound as a host material or electron transporting material to be used together with a phosphorescent material. Patent Document 3 describes indolocarbazole compounds each having a substituent on a nitrogen atom or on an aromatic ring. The document discloses data on a green light emitting device using any one of those compounds as a host material for a phosphorescent material in its light emitting layer. However, a high voltage must be applied to the device to drive the device, and the device shows low luminous efficiency, so the device cannot be sufficiently put into practical use.

Invention Disclosure:
Provided are an organic electroluminescence device, which shows high luminous efficiency, is free of any pixel defect, and has a long lifetime, and a material for an organic electroluminescence device for realizing the device. The material for an organic electroluminescence device is a compound having a π-conjugated heteroacene skeleton crosslinked with a carbon atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfur atom. The organic electroluminescence device has one or more organic thin film layers including a light emitting layer between a cathode and an anode, and at least one layer of the organic thin film layers contains the material for an organic electroluminescence device.

[Assistant]
1. A material for an organic electroluminescence device represented by the following structure:
wherein Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorene, and phenanthrene, provided that Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 each may have one substituent Y or multiple substituents Ys, in the case of multiple substituents Ys, the substituent Ys may be different from each other, Y represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with Ar 1, Ar 2, or Ar 3 through a carbon-carbon bond;
X 1 is N—R 1 and X 2 is S;
R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent fused aromatic heterocyclic group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms,
wherein the substituent of said substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group and the substituent of said substituted aromatic heterocyclic group are each independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group having a ring formed of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted phenyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 atoms, an amino group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an ester group having an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an ester group having an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group and a halogen atom;
L 1 represents a single bond, an alkyl or alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent or divalent silyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, monovalent or divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted, monovalent or divalent aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with Ar 1 through a carbon-carbon bond;
L 2 represents a single bond, an alkyl or alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a monovalent or divalent silyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, monovalent or divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted, monovalent or divalent aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with Ar 3 through a carbon-carbon bond,
A 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with L 1 through a carbon-carbon bond, provided that, when L 1 represents an alkyl or alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a case where A 1 represents a hydrogen atom is excluded,
A 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with L 2 through a carbon-carbon bond, provided that, when L 2 represents an alkyl or alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a case where A 2 represents a hydrogen atom is excluded; and
A 1, A 2, L 1, L 2, are each free of any carbonyl group.

2. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 1 wherein L 1 and L 2 are a single bond.

3. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 2, wherein A 1 and A 2 are hydrogen.

4. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 3, wherein the number of each of Y and Ys is O.

5. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 4, wherein the compound has a triplet energy gap of 2.2 to 3.2 eV.

6. An organic electroluminescence device comprising one or more organic thin film layers including a light emitting layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one layer of the organic thin film layers contains the material for an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1.

7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6, wherein the light emitting layer contains the material for an organic electroluminescence device as a host material.

8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 7, wherein the light emitting layer further contains a phosphorescent material.

9. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6, wherein the material for an organic electroluminescence device has a π conjugated heteroacene skeleton crosslinked with a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.

10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 9, wherein the light emitting layer contains the material for an organic electroluminescence device as a host material.

11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 10, wherein the light emitting layer further contains a phosphorescent material.

12. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 11, wherein the light emitting layer contains a host material and a phosphorescent material, and the phosphorescent material comprises an orthometalated complex of an iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), or platinum (Pt) metal.

13. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 12, further comprising an electron injecting layer between the light emitting layer and the cathode, wherein the electron injecting layer contains a nitrogen-containing ring derivative.

14. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 6, further comprising a reductive dopant at an interfacial region between the cathode and the organic thin film layers.

15. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 14, wherein the reductive dopant comprises an alkali metal complex.

16. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 15, wherein a ligand of the alkali metal complex includes quinolinol.

17. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 14, wherein the reductive dopant has a work function of 2.9 eV or less.

18. A material for an organic electroluminescence device represented by the following structure:
wherein Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorene, and phenanthrene;
X 1 is N—R 1 and X 2 is S;
R 1 represents or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms,
wherein the substituent of said substituted aromatic heterocyclic group are each independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group having a ring formed of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted phenyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 atoms, an amino group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an ester group having an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an ester group having an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group and a halogen atom;
L 1 represents a single bond;
L 2 represents a single bond;
A 1 represents a hydrogen atom;
A 2 represents a hydrogen atom; and
A 1, A 2, L L 2, are each free of any carbonyl group.

19. A material for an organic electroluminescence device represented by the following structure:
where:
X 5 represents N—R 1;
X 6 represents S;
R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, triphenylenyl, perylenyl, chrysenyl, fluoranthenyl, benzofluorenyl, benzotriphenylenyl, benzochrysenyl and anthracenyl, and wherein the sub stituent of said substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group is an aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 atoms; or
R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms, wherein the substituent of said substituted aromatic heterocyclic group is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted phenyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 40 atoms, and an amino group substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 40 carbon atoms;
L 1 represents a single bond;
L 2 represents a single bond;
A 1 represents a hydrogen atom;
A 2 represents a hydrogen atom;
Y 1, Y 2 and Y 3 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having a ring formed of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, a silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group which has a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms and which is linked with the benzene ring a, b, or c through a carbon-carbon bond, the number of Y 1 and Y 3 are 0, and the number of Y 2 is 0, 1, or 2.

20. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 19, wherein Y 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having a ring formed of 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and which is linked with the benzene ring a, b, or c through a carbon-carbon bond.

21. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 19, wherein R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having a ring formed of 3 to 24 atoms.

22. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 19, wherein L 1 and L 2 are a single bond.

23. The material for an organic electroluminescence device of claim 22, wherein A 1 and A 2 are hydrogen.

24. An organic electroluminescence device comprising one or more organic thin film layers including a light emitting layer between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one layer of the organic thin film layers contains the material for an organic electroluminescence device according to claim 19.

25. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 24, further comprising a reductive dopant at an interfacial region between the cathode and the organic thin film layers.

26. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 25, wherein the reductive dopant comprises an alkali metal complex.

27. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 26, wherein a ligand of the alkali metal complex includes quinolinol.

28. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 26, wherein the reductive dopant has a work function of 2.9 eV or less.


[System] You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting.

[User]
Title: Random Seed Entry Number To Eliminate Key Sequence Capture

Technical Field and Background:
Vehicles have employed a number of different forms of keyless entry systems that can allow a user to lock or unlock a vehicle door without the use of a key and lock combination. Such systems can include remote controls and various forms of digital keypads. In general a digital keypad with buttons that correspond to one or more integer values that can be depressed in a sequence corresponding to a known access code. Most often, the values of the buttons are fixed, meaning that an observer can determine the code being entered by tracking the sequence of buttons pressed by a user accessing the vehicle. Other forms of digital code entry may also be susceptible to code determination by observing any fixed sequences that they employ for gaining access to a vehicle. Accordingly, further advances may be desired.

Invention Disclosure:
A vehicle entry system includes a lock mechanism, an interface, and a control. The control receives a plurality of code digits by presenting a displayed number on the interface that is initially a random number and at least one of changing or receiving an entry of the displayed number based on a signal from the input. When the plurality of code digits corresponds to a stored entry code, the control causes the lock mechanism to unlock.

[Assistant]
1. A vehicle entry system, comprising:
a lock mechanism;
an interface including a display; and
a control:
receiving a plurality of code digits by initially presenting a random number as displayed number on the display and at least one of changing or receiving an entry of the displayed number based on a signal from the interface; and
when the plurality of code digits corresponds to a stored entry code, causing the lock mechanism to unlock.

2. The vehicle entry system of claim 1, wherein:
the interface includes a confirmation button and a selection button;
the signal received by the controller from the interface corresponds with changing the displayed number when the selection button is depressed; and
the signal received by the controller from the interface corresponds with receiving the entry of the displayed number when the confirmation button is depressed.

3. The vehicle entry system of claim 1, wherein:
the display is on a portion of a confirmation button; and
the signal received by the controller from the interface corresponds with receiving the entry of the displayed number when the confirmation button is depressed.

4. The vehicle entry system of claim 1, wherein:
the controller receives a first one of the plurality of code digits including presenting the displayed number in the form of a first displayed number on the interface that is initially the random number in the form of a first random number; and
upon receiving the entry of the displayed number based on the signal from the interface in the form of a first signal, the controller receives a second one of the plurality of code digits including presenting a second displayed number on the interface that is initially a second random number at least one of changing or receiving the entry of the second displayed number based on a second signal from the interface.

5. The vehicle entry system of claim 1, further including a proximity sensor in communication with the controller, wherein:
the controller presents the displayed number on the interface upon detecting a first object within a first range of the proximity sensor.

6. The vehicle entry system of claim 1, further including a first vehicle door defining an exterior surface and an interior, wherein;
the interface is mounted on the exterior of the vehicle door; and
the door lock mechanism is mounted within the interior of the vehicle door.

7. The vehicle entry system of claim 6, wherein:
the exterior surface includes a portion thereof defined on a B-pillar trim piece of the door; and
the interface is mounted on the exterior of the vehicle door on the portion defined on the B-pillar trim piece.

8. A vehicle, comprising:
a door including a lock mechanism;
an interface mounted on the door; and
a control:
receiving a plurality of code digits by initially presenting a random number as a displayed number on the interface and at least one of changing the displayed number to a sequentially-adjacent integer or storing the displayed number based on a signal from the interface; and
when the plurality of code digits corresponds to a stored entry code, causing the lock mechanism to unlock.

9. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein:
the interface includes an increase selection button and a decrease selection button; and
changing the displayed number includes increasing the displayed number to a greater sequentially-adjacent integer upon receiving the signal from the increase selection button or decreasing the displayed number to a lesser sequentially-adjacent integer upon receiving the signal from the decrease selection button.

10. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein:
the interface includes a confirmation button and a selection button;
the signal received by the controller from the interface corresponds with changing the selection of the displayed number when the selection button is depressed; and
the signal received by the controller from the interface corresponds with receiving the entry of the displayed number when the confirmation button is depressed.

11. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein:
the controller receives a first one of the plurality of code digits including presenting the displayed number in the form of a first displayed number on the interface that is initially the random number in the form of a first random number; and
upon receiving the entry of the displayed number as a first entry based on the signal from the interface in the form of a first signal, the controller receives a second one of the plurality of code digits including presenting a second displayed number on the interface that is initially a second random number at least one of changing or receiving a second entry of the second displayed number based on a second signal from the interface.

12. The vehicle of claim 8, further including a proximity sensor in communication with the controller, wherein:
the controller presents the displayed number on the interface upon detecting a first object within a first range of the proximity sensor.

13. A method for controlling access to a vehicle, comprising:
presenting on an interface a first displayed number that is initially a first random number and at least one of changing or receiving an entry of the first displayed number based on a signal from an interface; and
upon receiving the entry of the first displayed number, presenting a second displayed number on the interface that is initially a second random number.

14. The method of claim 13, further including:
storing in memory entries of at least the first and second displayed numbers as a plurality of sequential code digits; and
when the plurality of code digits corresponds to a stored entry code, causing a lock mechanism to unlock.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein presenting a second displayed number on the interface that is initially a second random number further includes at least one of changing or receiving an entry of the second displayed number based on a second signal from the interface.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein changing the displayed number includes changing the displayed number to a sequentially-adjacent integer.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein:
changing the displayed number includes increasing the displayed number to a greater sequentially-adjacent integer upon receiving a signal from an increase selection input or decreasing the displayed number to a lesser sequentially-adjacent integer when the signal corresponds to a decrease selection input.

18. The method of claim 13, further including initiating a code entry sequence, including presenting on the interface the first displayed number, upon detecting an object within a first range of the interface.