id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | content_segment_audio_path stringlengths 17 21 ⌀ | content_full_audio_path stringlengths 15 18 ⌀ | content_audio_sampling_rate float64 22.1k 22.1k ⌀ | content_audio_speaker stringclasses 13
values | content_segment_text stringlengths 4 2.46k ⌀ | content_segment_normalized_text stringlengths 6 2.46k ⌀ | question_audio_path stringlengths 18 22 ⌀ | question_audio_sampling_rate float64 22.1k 22.1k ⌀ | question_audio_speaker stringclasses 13
values | question_normalized_text stringlengths 1 270 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
573055dc2461fd1900a9cd57 | Swaziland | The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such ... | What is kushaya ematsambo used for? | {
"answer_start": [
600
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
40.470136054421765
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
38.48013605442176
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
11.19
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.2
],
"t... | context-406_24_5.mp3 | context-406_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness. | The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness. | question-406_24_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What is kushaya ematsambo used for? |
5730568a2461fd1900a9cd67 | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
4.8
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
3.4
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.8
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.4
],
"text": [
"Umhlanga Reed Dance... | context-406_25_0.mp3 | context-406_25.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. | question-406_25_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture? |
5730568a2461fd1900a9cd68 | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
5.482018140589569
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
5.292018140589569
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
0.61
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.42
],
"tex... | context-406_25_1.mp3 | context-406_25.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. | In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. | question-406_25_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance? |
5730568a2461fd1900a9cd69 | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance? | {
"answer_start": [
222
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
14.664036281179136
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
12.824036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.56
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2.72
],
"... | context-406_25_2.mp3 | context-406_25.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. | (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. | question-406_25_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance? |
5730568a2461fd1900a9cd6a | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance? | {
"answer_start": [
259
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
17.096054421768706
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
15.166054421768706
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.36
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.43
],
"... | context-406_25_3.mp3 | context-406_25.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. | Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. | question-406_25_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance? |
5730568a2461fd1900a9cd6b | Swaziland | Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the cer... | As it relates to girls, what is the purpose of the Umhlanga Reed Dance? | {
"answer_start": [
330
],
"audio_full_answer_end": null,
"audio_full_answer_start": null,
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": null,
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": null,
"audio_segment_answer_end": null,
"audio_segment_answer_start": null,
"text": [
"to preserve girls' chastity"
]
} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
573057502461fd1900a9cd77 | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho? | {
"answer_start": [
493
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
33.026054421768706
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
30.71605442176871
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.93
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.62
],
"t... | context-406_26_4.mp3 | context-406_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005. | The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until nineteen August two thousand five. | question-406_26_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho? |
573057502461fd1900a9cd78 | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
15.668027210884354
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
11.078027210884354
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.7
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.11
],
"t... | context-406_26_2.mp3 | context-406_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. | If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. | question-406_26_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland? |
573057502461fd1900a9cd79 | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | Who became bound by umchwaso in Swaziland? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
8.638027210884355
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
7.668027210884354
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.35
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.38
],
"te... | context-406_26_1.mp3 | context-406_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. | In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. | question-406_26_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Who became bound by umchwaso in Swaziland? |
573057502461fd1900a9cd7a | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | From where did the Reed Dance originate? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
6.24
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
4.35
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.24
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.35
],
"text": [
"the old \"umchw... | context-406_26_0.mp3 | context-406_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. | question-406_26_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | From where did the Reed Dance originate? |
573057502461fd1900a9cd7b | Swaziland | The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reache... | What would the end of umchwasho be marked with? | {
"answer_start": [
410
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
27.00403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
25.70403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.34
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.04
],
"te... | context-406_26_3.mp3 | context-406_26.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. | After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. | question-406_26_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What would the end of umchwasho be marked with? |
573055f2069b531400832071 | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | What Latin word does the English word translation come from? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
1.63
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.97
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
4.47
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
3.69
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.63
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.97
],
"text"... | context-407_0_0.mp3 | context-407_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum--together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). | question-407_0_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What Latin word does the English word translation come from? |
573055f2069b531400832072 | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | What languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
12.97
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
12.5
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.09
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.62
],
"text": [
"Romance"
]
... | context-407_0_1.mp3 | context-407_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). | The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). | question-407_0_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? |
573055f2069b531400832073 | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | What does Latin's traducere mean in English? | {
"answer_start": [
373
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
22.28
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
21.37
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.4
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.49
],
"text": [
"\"to lead ac... | context-407_0_1.mp3 | context-407_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). | The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). | question-407_0_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What does Latin's traducere mean in English? |
573055f2069b531400832074 | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | Slavic and Germanic languages also use a similar loanword from what source? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
32.510000000000005
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
32.14
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
26.380000000000003,
29.950000000000003
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
26.000000000000004,
29.490000000000002
],
"audio_s... | context-407_0_2.mp3 | context-407_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"—a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources. | The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"--a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources. | question-407_0_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Slavic and Germanic languages also use a similar loanword from what source? |
573055f2069b531400832075 | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to? | {
"answer_start": [
506
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
30.300000000000004
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
29.28
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.78
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.76
],
"text": [
... | context-407_0_2.mp3 | context-407_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"—a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources. | The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"--a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources. | question-407_0_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to? |
573058992461fd1900a9cd9f | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | How much has translation changed since antiquity? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
5.48
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
5.04
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.48
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.04
],
"text": [
"hardly"
]
} | context-407_1_0.mp3 | context-407_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. | question-407_1_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | How much has translation changed since antiquity? |
573058992461fd1900a9cda2 | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | What have general been prudent about? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
22.554036281179137
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
21.50403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
15.33
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
14.28
],
... | context-407_1_1.mp3 | context-407_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the or... | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the eighteenth century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents -- "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary -- fo... | question-407_1_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What have general been prudent about? |
573058992461fd1900a9cda3 | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | For crucial values, what type of values do translators use where possible? | {
"answer_start": [
367
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
23.18403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
22.744036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
15.96
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
15.52
],
... | context-407_1_1.mp3 | context-407_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the or... | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the eighteenth century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents -- "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary -- fo... | question-407_1_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | For crucial values, what type of values do translators use where possible? |
573058992461fd1900a9cda0 | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
1.88
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
1.21
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
2.71
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
2.53
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.88
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.21
],
"text"... | context-407_1_0.mp3 | context-407_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. | question-407_1_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had? |
573058992461fd1900a9cda1 | Translation | Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown... | When were there some extreme metaphrasers? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
12.50403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.93403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.28
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2.71
],
"tex... | context-407_1_1.mp3 | context-407_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the or... | Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the eighteenth century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents -- "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary -- fo... | question-407_1_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | When were there some extreme metaphrasers? |
57305b0b069b5314008320a7 | Translation | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | What have translators tried to preserve? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
4.11
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
3.04
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.11
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.04
],
"text": [
"context itself"... | context-407_2_0.mp3 | context-407_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order -- when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | question-407_2_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What have translators tried to preserve? |
57305b0b069b5314008320a8 | Translation | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | How do translators preserve context? | {
"answer_start": [
70
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
6.79
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
4.28
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.79
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.28
],
"text": [
"reproducing the... | context-407_2_0.mp3 | context-407_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order -- when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | question-407_2_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | How do translators preserve context? |
57305b0b069b5314008320a9 | Translation | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | What is it sometimes necessary to reinterpret when translating? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
12.24
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
11.07
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
12.24
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
11.07
],
"text": [
"grammatica... | context-407_2_0.mp3 | context-407_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order -- when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | question-407_2_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What is it sometimes necessary to reinterpret when translating? |
57305b0b069b5314008320aa | Translation | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | What is the active voice sometimes shifted to when needed? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
15.27
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
14.82
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
15.27
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
14.82
],
"text": [
"passive"
... | context-407_2_0.mp3 | context-407_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order -- when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. | question-407_2_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What is the active voice sometimes shifted to when needed? |
57305b0b069b5314008320ab | Translation | In general, translators have sought to preserve the context itself by reproducing the original order of sememes, and hence word order — when necessary, reinterpreting the actual grammatical structure, for example, by shifting from active to passive voice, or vice versa. The grammatical differences between "fixed-word-o... | What are the syntax characteristics of a text's source language adjusted to for a target language? | {
"answer_start": [
584
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
40.488027210884354
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
39.17802721088436
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
7.8
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.49
],
"te... | context-407_2_2.mp3 | context-407_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The particular syntax (sentence-structure) characteristics of a text's source language are adjusted to the syntactic requirements of the target language. | The particular syntax (sentence-structure) characteristics of a text's source language are adjusted to the syntactic requirements of the target language. | question-407_2_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What are the syntax characteristics of a text's source language adjusted to for a target language? |
57305bb7069b5314008320b1 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | A greater ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase can be used translating when there as been greater what between languages? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
3.05
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
1.62
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.05
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.62
],
"text": [
"contact and exc... | context-407_3_0.mp3 | context-407_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. | question-407_3_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | A greater ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase can be used translating when there as been greater what between languages? |
57305bb7069b5314008320b2 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | What is a common etymology sometimes misleading as? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
21.988027210884354
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
20.688027210884353
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.14
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.84
],
"... | context-407_3_1.mp3 | context-407_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. | However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. | question-407_3_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What is a common etymology sometimes misleading as? |
57305bb7069b5314008320b3 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | What does the French "actuel" mean in English? | {
"answer_start": [
475
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
30.146054421768707
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
29.61605442176871
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.93
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.4
],
"te... | context-407_3_2.mp3 | context-407_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian aktual'nyi ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | question-407_3_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What does the French "actuel" mean in English? |
57305bb7069b5314008320b4 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Swedish? | {
"answer_start": [
586
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
37.5760544217687
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
36.996054421768704
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
13.36
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
12.78
],
"... | context-407_3_2.mp3 | context-407_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian aktual'nyi ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | question-407_3_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | How would you convey that something is "presently of importance" in Swedish? |
57305bb7069b5314008320b5 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | To indicate something is feasible in Polish, what word could be used? | {
"answer_start": [
508
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
32.28605442176871
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
31.646054421768707
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.07
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
7.43
],
"t... | context-407_3_2.mp3 | context-407_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian aktual'nyi ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel. | question-407_3_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | To indicate something is feasible in Polish, what word could be used? |
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b2 | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | How long has a translator's part in bridging values between cultures been discussed? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
6.27
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
5.07
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.27
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.07
],
"text": [
"at least since ... | context-407_4_0.mp3 | context-407_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the second-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. | question-407_4_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | How long has a translator's part in bridging values between cultures been discussed? |
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b3 | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | What did Terence adapt from the Greek's? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
9.87
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.22
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.87
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.22
],
"text": [
"comedies"
]
... | context-407_4_0.mp3 | context-407_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the second-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. | question-407_4_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What did Terence adapt from the Greek's? |
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b4 | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | A translator's role is less like a robot and more like a what? | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
18.062018140589572
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
17.562018140589572
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.15
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
7.65
],
"... | context-407_4_1.mp3 | context-407_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. | The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. | question-407_4_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | A translator's role is less like a robot and more like a what? |
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b5 | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | Where was the concept of parallel creation found? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
23.57403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.01403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.43
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.87
],
"te... | context-407_4_2.mp3 | context-407_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics such as Cicero. | The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics such as Cicero. | question-407_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Where was the concept of parallel creation found? |
57305fc38ab72b1400f9c4b6 | Translation | The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, the 2nd-century-BCE Roman adapter of Greek comedies. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive, mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground se... | Who remarked about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet? | {
"answer_start": [
542
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
32.46605442176871
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
31.496054421768708
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.85
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
7.88
],
"t... | context-407_4_3.mp3 | context-407_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson’s remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon. | Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson's remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon. | question-407_4_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Who remarked about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet? |
5730609f396df919000960be | Translation | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions ... | When it comes to translation, what is less commonly used today? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
1.2
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.34
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.2
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.34
],
"text": [
"earlier approaches... | context-407_5_0.mp3 | context-407_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | question-407_5_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | When it comes to translation, what is less commonly used today? |
5730609f396df919000960bf | Translation | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions ... | When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
8.69
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
6.42
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.69
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.42
],
"text": [
"when historian... | context-407_5_0.mp3 | context-407_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | question-407_5_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians? |
5730609f396df919000960c0 | Translation | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions ... | What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments? | {
"answer_start": [
198
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
9.79
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.47
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.79
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.47
],
"text": [
"events"
]
} | context-407_5_0.mp3 | context-407_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. | question-407_5_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments? |
5730609f396df919000960c1 | Translation | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions ... | What do Chinese and related translations retain unique to their tradition? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
23.898027210884354
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
22.678027210884352
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
11.01
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.79
],
... | context-407_5_1.mp3 | context-407_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition. | Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition. | question-407_5_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What do Chinese and related translations retain unique to their tradition? |
5730612b396df919000960c6 | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | When did translation of material into Arabic begin to increase? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
6.51
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
5.52
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.51
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.52
],
"text": [
"5th century"
... | context-407_6_0.mp3 | context-407_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the fifth century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. | question-407_6_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | When did translation of material into Arabic begin to increase? |
5730612b396df919000960c7 | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What allowed the expansion of Arabic translations during the 5th century? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
5.32
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
3.64
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.32
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.64
],
"text": [
"creation of Ara... | context-407_6_0.mp3 | context-407_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the fifth century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. | question-407_6_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What allowed the expansion of Arabic translations during the fifth century? |
5730612b396df919000960c8 | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What material was initial Arab translations primarily focused on? | {
"answer_start": [
221
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
15.206009070294783
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
14.406009070294784
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.95
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.15
],
"... | context-407_6_1.mp3 | context-407_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. | Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. | question-407_6_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What material was initial Arab translations primarily focused on? |
5730612b396df919000960c9 | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic? | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
24.55802721088435
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.618027210884353
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
29.14802721088435
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
28.12802721088435
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.63
],
... | context-407_6_2.mp3 | context-407_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | It later focused on translating classical Greek and Persian works, as well as some Chinese and Indian texts, into Arabic for scholarly study at major Islamic learning centers, such as the Al-Karaouine (Fes, Morocco), Al-Azhar (Cairo, Egypt), and the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. | It later focused on translating classical Greek and Persian works, as well as some Chinese and Indian texts, into Arabic for scholarly study at major Islamic learning centers, such as the Al-Karaouine (Fes, Morocco), Al-Azhar (Cairo, Egypt), and the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. | question-407_6_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic? |
5730612b396df919000960ca | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What type of translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions? | {
"answer_start": [
609
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
42.232063492063496
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
41.7920634920635
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
42.802063492063496,
40.75206349206349,
48.162063492063496
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
42.232063492063496,
... | context-407_6_3.mp3 | context-407_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | In terms of theory, Arabic translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions as well as more contemporary Greek and Persian traditions. | In terms of theory, Arabic translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions as well as more contemporary Greek and Persian traditions. | question-407_6_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What type of translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions? |
5730621f2461fd1900a9cded | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
8.24
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
5.56
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.24
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.56
],
"text": [
"centuries of cl... | context-407_7_0.mp3 | context-407_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. | question-407_7_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions? |
5730621f2461fd1900a9cdee | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works? | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
10.2
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.049999999999999
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.92
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.77
],
"text": [
"a... | context-407_7_1.mp3 | context-407_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. | Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. | question-407_7_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works? |
5730621f2461fd1900a9cdef | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans? | {
"answer_start": [
388
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
25.494036281179138
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.714036281179137
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.07
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.29
],
"... | context-407_7_2.mp3 | context-407_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | question-407_7_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans? |
5730621f2461fd1900a9cdf0 | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
26.82403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
26.084036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
23.04403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
22.344036281179136
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
6.4
],
... | context-407_7_2.mp3 | context-407_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | question-407_7_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic? |
5730621f2461fd1900a9cdf1 | Translation | Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a... | What would Western traditions eventually do? | {
"answer_start": [
500
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
32.51403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
29.964036281179137
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
12.09
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.54
],
"... | context-407_7_2.mp3 | context-407_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions. | question-407_7_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What would Western traditions eventually do? |
573062ec396df919000960da | Translation | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Chri... | What transformed Arabic languages? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
2.81
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.23
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.81
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.23
],
"text": [
"movement to tran... | context-407_8_0.mp3 | context-407_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. | question-407_8_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What transformed Arabic languages? |
573062ec396df919000960db | Translation | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Chri... | What came to be valued over previous convolutions? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
9.12
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
6.17
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.12
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.17
],
"text": [
"new words, sim... | context-407_8_0.mp3 | context-407_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. | question-407_8_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What came to be valued over previous convolutions? |
573062ec396df919000960dc | Translation | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Chri... | Who expressed skepticism regarding the transformation of Arabic? | {
"answer_start": [
206
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
13.384036281179139
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
11.894036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.6
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.11
],
"t... | context-407_8_1.mp3 | context-407_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Christopher de Bellaigue, "with a freedom that is rarely witnessed today.... | Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Christopher de Bellaigue, "with a freedom that is rarely witnessed today.... | question-407_8_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Who expressed skepticism regarding the transformation of Arabic? |
573062ec396df919000960dd | Translation | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Chri... | What was legitimate knowledge no longer defined by? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
25.032063492063493
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.47206349206349
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.96
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2.4
],
"te... | context-407_8_2.mp3 | context-407_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness. | No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness. | question-407_8_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What was legitimate knowledge no longer defined by? |
573062ec396df919000960de | Translation | The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Chri... | What was a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation? | {
"answer_start": [
738
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
40.58408163265307
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
39.71408163265306
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
12.48
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
11.61
],
"... | context-407_8_3.mp3 | context-407_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | It had come to include virtually any intellectual production anywhere in the world." One of the neologisms that, in a way, came to characterize the infusion of new ideas via translation was "darwiniya", or "Darwinism". | It had come to include virtually any intellectual production anywhere in the world." One of the neologisms that, in a way, came to characterize the infusion of new ideas via translation was "darwiniya", or "Darwinism". | question-407_8_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What was a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation? |
57306408069b5314008320c5 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI? | {
"answer_start": [
24
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
2.94
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
2.04
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.94
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2.04
],
"text": [
"Britain and Fra... | context-407_9_0.mp3 | context-407_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement--in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy--there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took o... | question-407_9_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What two countries divvied up the Middle East's countries after WWI? |
57306408069b5314008320c6 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | What was the dividing up of the Middle Eastern countries in violation of? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
13.97
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
10.61
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
13.97
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
10.61
],
"text": [
"solemn war... | context-407_9_0.mp3 | context-407_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement--in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy--there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took o... | question-407_9_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What was the dividing up of the Middle Eastern countries in violation of? |
57306408069b5314008320c7 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
17.07
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
16.07
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
17.07
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
16.07
],
"text": [
"Muslim Bro... | context-407_9_0.mp3 | context-407_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement--in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy--there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took o... | question-407_9_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt? |
57306408069b5314008320c8 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | de Bellaigne attributed the growth of Islamism and militarism to what Western catalyst? | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
35.06201814058957
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
33.842018140589566
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.55
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.33
],
"t... | context-407_9_1.mp3 | context-407_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to ... | "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to ... | question-407_9_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | de Bellaigne attributed the growth of Islamism and militarism to what Western catalyst? |
57306408069b5314008320c9 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves yielding to? | {
"answer_start": [
729
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
47.11201814058957
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
45.912018140589566
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
21.6
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
20.4
],
"t... | context-407_9_1.mp3 | context-407_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to ... | "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to ... | question-407_9_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What did the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators find themselves yielding to? |
57306625396df919000960e4 | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
5.55
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
4.19
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.55
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.19
],
"text": [
"German Romantic... | context-407_10_0.mp3 | context-407_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. | question-407_10_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Where do many non-transparent translation theories delve for concepts? |
57306625396df919000960e5 | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | What nationality was Friedrich Schleiermacher? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
4.6
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
4.19
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
13.52
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
13.1
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.6
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.19
],
"text"... | context-407_10_0.mp3 | context-407_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. | question-407_10_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What nationality was Friedrich Schleiermacher? |
57306625396df919000960e6 | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
16.46403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
15.234036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.92
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.69
],
"t... | context-407_10_1.mp3 | context-407_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (eighteen thirteen) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | question-407_10_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | When did Schleiermacher publish his lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation"? |
57306625396df919000960e7 | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | Moving the writer toward the reader would be an example of what type of translation method? | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
23.374036281179137
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
22.34403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
11.83
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
10.8
],
"... | context-407_10_1.mp3 | context-407_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (eighteen thirteen) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | question-407_10_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Moving the writer toward the reader would be an example of what type of translation method? |
57306625396df919000960e8 | Translation | Many non-transparent-translation theories draw on concepts from German Romanticism, the most obvious influence being the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer ... | What method of translation did Schleiermacher favor? | {
"answer_start": [
425
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
30.64403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
27.52403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
19.1
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
15.98
],
"t... | context-407_10_1.mp3 | context-407_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (1813) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | In his seminal lecture "On the Different Methods of Translation" (eighteen thirteen) he distinguished between translation methods that move "the writer toward [the reader]", i.e., transparency, and those that move the "reader toward [the author]", i.e., an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text. | question-407_10_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What method of translation did Schleiermacher favor? |
57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce01 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | What is sometimes used to check the accuracy of a translation? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
3.29
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.29
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"text": [
"Comparison of a ba... | context-407_11_0.mp3 | context-407_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. | question-407_11_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What is sometimes used to check the accuracy of a translation? |
57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce02 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | How are mathematical operations checked? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
13.24
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
11.69
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
13.24
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
11.69
],
"text": [
"by reversi... | context-407_11_0.mp3 | context-407_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. | question-407_11_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | How are mathematical operations checked? |
57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce03 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | What operations are results from not always completely reliable? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
16.53
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
14.59
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
3.21
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.27
],
"text": [
"reverse-tran... | context-407_11_1.mp3 | context-407_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, are not always precisely reliable. | But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, are not always precisely reliable. | question-407_11_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What operations are results from not always completely reliable? |
57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce04 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | What symbol set has a defining property of ambiguity? | {
"answer_start": [
435
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
26.11403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
25.54403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
5.21
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
4.64
],
"te... | context-407_11_2.mp3 | context-407_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal. | Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal. | question-407_11_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What symbol set has a defining property of ambiguity? |
57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce05 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | What symbol set has the property of being intentionally unequivocal? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
30.18403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
29.50403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
30.79403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
30.07403628117914
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.28
],
"... | context-407_11_2.mp3 | context-407_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal. | Back-translation must in general be less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical symbols are intentionally unequivocal. | question-407_11_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What symbol set has the property of being intentionally unequivocal? |
57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e4 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
0.68
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
0.68
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"text": [
"Mark Twain"
]
} | context-407_12_0.mp3 | context-407_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". | question-407_12_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? |
57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e6 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | When was Twain's back-translation published? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
15.26201814058957
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
14.43201814058957
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.83
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2
],
"text"... | context-407_12_1.mp3 | context-407_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story". | He published his back-translation in a nineteen oh three volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story". | question-407_12_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | When was Twain's back-translation published? |
57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e5 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | For what language did Twain create a back-translation? | {
"answer_start": [
144
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
7.58
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
7.3
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
6.2
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
5.9
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
7.58
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
7.3
],
"text": [... | context-407_12_0.mp3 | context-407_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". | question-407_12_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | For what language did Twain create a back-translation? |
57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e7 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | What include a synopsized adaptation of Twain's story? | {
"answer_start": [
360
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
22.052018140589567
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
19.90201814058957
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.62
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
7.47
],
"t... | context-407_12_1.mp3 | context-407_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story". | He published his back-translation in a nineteen oh three volume together with his English-language original, the French translation, and a "Private History of the 'Jumping Frog' Story". | question-407_12_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What include a synopsized adaptation of Twain's story? |
57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e8 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story? | {
"answer_start": [
595
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
36.37004535147392
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
34.94004535147393
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.09
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
2.66
],
"te... | context-407_12_3.mp3 | context-407_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | 116) under the title, "The Athenian and the Frog"; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's "Jumping Frog" story. | one hundred sixteen) under the title, "The Athenian and the Frog"; the adaptation had for a time been taken for an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's "Jumping Frog" story. | question-407_12_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What had been thought for a while to be an independent ancient Greek precursor to Twain's story? |
573070bb396df91900096100 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
9.53
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
8.57
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
9.53
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.57
],
"text": [
"the original t... | context-407_13_0.mp3 | context-407_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. | question-407_13_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What do researchers use back-translation to try to reconstruct when a document survives only in translation? |
573070bb396df91900096101 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | Who was Jan Potocki? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
13.79
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
12.809999999999999
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.19
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.21
],
"text": [
... | context-407_13_1.mp3 | context-407_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. | An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (seventeen sixty-one-eighteen fifteen), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in eighteen oh four and eighteen thirteen-fourteen. | question-407_13_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Who was Jan Potocki? |
573070bb396df91900096102 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | What language was The Saragossa Manuscript originally written in? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
18.36
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
17.990000000000002
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
11.17,
10.06
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
10.82,
9.709999999999999
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
8.76
],
"a... | context-407_13_1.mp3 | context-407_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. | An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (seventeen sixty-one-eighteen fifteen), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in eighteen oh four and eighteen thirteen-fourteen. | question-407_13_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What language was The Saragossa Manuscript originally written in? |
573070bb396df91900096103 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French? | {
"answer_start": [
550
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
32.486009070294784
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
31.386009070294783
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.07
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.97
],
... | context-407_13_2.mp3 | context-407_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost. | Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in eighteen forty-seven from a complete French copy, now lost. | question-407_13_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French? |
573070bb396df91900096104 | Translation | When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and... | What fragments were the complete Saragossa Manuscripts now produced based on? | {
"answer_start": [
698
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
35.56802721088435
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
34.83802721088435
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
36.708027210884346
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
35.94802721088435
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
0.84
],
... | context-407_13_3.mp3 | context-407_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki’s Polish version. | French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki's Polish version. | question-407_13_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What fragments were the complete Saragossa Manuscripts now produced based on? |
573071d98ab72b1400f9c4ee | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | What has served as a school of writing for many authors? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
0.89
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
0.89
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"text": [
"Translation"
]
} | context-407_14_0.mp3 | context-407_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. | question-407_14_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What has served as a school of writing for many authors? |
573071d98ab72b1400f9c4ef | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
6.496009070294785
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
6.066009070294784
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.2
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.77
],
"text... | context-407_14_1.mp3 | context-407_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. | Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. | question-407_14_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia? |
573071d98ab72b1400f9c4f0 | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | What did translators shape in the course of their work? | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
14.816009070294784
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
14.146009070294784
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
11.916009070294784
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
11.206009070294785
],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.52
]... | context-407_14_1.mp3 | context-407_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. | Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. | question-407_14_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What did translators shape in the course of their work? |
573071d98ab72b1400f9c4f1 | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
18.148027210884358
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
17.658027210884356
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.42
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.93
],
"... | context-407_14_2.mp3 | context-407_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. | They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. | question-407_14_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures? |
573071d98ab72b1400f9c4f2 | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
24.348027210884357
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.288027210884355
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
7.62
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.56
],
"... | context-407_14_2.mp3 | context-407_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. | They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. | question-407_14_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from? |
573072ae396df91900096112 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
2.41
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
1.89
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
2.41
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
1.89
],
"text": [
"crucial"
]
} | context-407_15_0.mp3 | context-407_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. | question-407_15_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history? |
573072ae396df91900096114 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from? | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
18.274036281179136
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
17.334036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.33
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.39
],
"... | context-407_15_2.mp3 | context-407_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. | As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. | question-407_15_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from? |
573072ae396df91900096113 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | What region did La Malinche hail from? | {
"answer_start": [
188
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
13.87
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
12.41
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.27
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.81
],
"text": [
"Mexican Gul... | context-407_15_1.mp3 | context-407_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. | A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Dona Marina, an early-sixteenth-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. | question-407_15_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What region did La Malinche hail from? |
573072ae396df91900096115 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | What was La Malinche essential to? | {
"answer_start": [
415
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
27.20004535147392
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
25.480045351473922
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
7.04
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
5.32
],
"t... | context-407_15_3.mp3 | context-407_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés. | Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernan Cortes. | question-407_15_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What was La Malinche essential to? |
573072ae396df91900096116 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | In addition to being an interpreter and adviser, what function did La Malinche serve for Hernán Cortés? | {
"answer_start": [
492
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
31.04004535147392
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
30.730045351473922
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.88
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
10.57
],
... | context-407_15_3.mp3 | context-407_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés. | Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernan Cortes. | question-407_15_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | In addition to being an interpreter and adviser, what function did La Malinche serve for Hernan Cortes? |
573074f58ab72b1400f9c500 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | What type of translation is favored by those wanting more accurate translations? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
1.55
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.55
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.1
],
"text": [
"Web-based human tr... | context-407_16_0.mp3 | context-407_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. | question-407_16_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What type of translation is favored by those wanting more accurate translations? |
573074f58ab72b1400f9c501 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | What reputation does machine translations have? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
8.174036281179138
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
7.154036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
1.79
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.77
],
"te... | context-407_16_1.mp3 | context-407_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. | In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. | question-407_16_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What reputation does machine translations have? |
573074f58ab72b1400f9c502 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable? | {
"answer_start": [
186
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
9.914036281179138
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.564036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [
7.274036281179138,
15.85403628117914
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [
7.014036281179139,
15.52403628117914
],
"... | context-407_16_1.mp3 | context-407_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. | In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. | question-407_16_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable? |
573074f58ab72b1400f9c503 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | Because of crowdsourcing, what type of translation are agencies able to provide? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
25.012063492063493
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
23.002063492063492
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
10.66
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
8.65
],
... | context-407_16_2.mp3 | context-407_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation-memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises. | With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation-memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises. | question-407_16_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Because of crowdsourcing, what type of translation are agencies able to provide? |
573074f58ab72b1400f9c504 | Translation | Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation cro... | Who purchases the services of translation agencies? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
27.622063492063493
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
25.132063492063494
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
13.27
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
10.78
],
... | context-407_16_2.mp3 | context-407_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation-memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises. | With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation-memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises. | question-407_16_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Who purchases the services of translation agencies? |
57307593396df91900096122 | Translation | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar... | Unedited machine translation will miss what crucial aspect of human language? | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
7.82
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
6.88
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
7.82
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
6.88
],
"text": [
"context-embedd... | context-407_17_0.mp3 | context-407_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. | question-407_17_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Unedited machine translation will miss what crucial aspect of human language? |
57307593396df91900096123 | Translation | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar... | What does it take a person to be able to do? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
11.44
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
9.11
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
11.44
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
9.11
],
"text": [
"comprehend t... | context-407_17_0.mp3 | context-407_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. | question-407_17_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What does it take a person to be able to do? |
57307593396df91900096124 | Translation | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar... | What can even translations completely done by a human still be prone to? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
17.82403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
17.424036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
4.24
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
3.84
],
"t... | context-407_17_1.mp3 | context-407_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human. | It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human. | question-407_17_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What can even translations completely done by a human still be prone to? |
57307593396df91900096125 | Translation | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar... | How must machine translations be transformed by a human? | {
"answer_start": [
508
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
28.14403628117914
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
27.174036281179138
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
14.56
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
13.59
],
... | context-407_17_1.mp3 | context-407_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human. | It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations are prone to error; therefore, to ensure that a machine-generated translation will be useful to a human being and that publishable-quality translation is achieved, such translations must be reviewed and edited by a human. | question-407_17_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | How must machine translations be transformed by a human? |
573076138ab72b1400f9c50a | Translation | In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. The Tangut Empire was especially efficient in such efforts; exploiting the then newly invented block printing, and with the full support of the government (contemporary sources describe the Emperor and hi... | Where did Buddhism spread? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"audio_full_answer_end": [
0.84
],
"audio_full_answer_start": [
0.34
],
"audio_full_neg_answer_end": [],
"audio_full_neg_answer_start": [],
"audio_segment_answer_end": [
0.84
],
"audio_segment_answer_start": [
0.34
],
"text": [
"Asia"
]
} | context-407_18_0.mp3 | context-407_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. | In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. | question-407_18_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Where did Buddhism spread? |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.