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57309103069b531400832192 | Airport | The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or other communicat... | ATC responsibilities are usually divided into how many main areas? | {
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"t... | context-408_12_3.mp3 | context-408_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Air traffic control responsibilities at airports are usually divided into at least two main areas: ground and tower, though a single controller may work both stations. | Air traffic control responsibilities at airports are usually divided into at least two main areas: ground and tower, though a single controller may work both stations. | question-408_12_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | ATC responsibilities are usually divided into how many main areas? |
57309157069b531400832195 | Airport | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehi... | What is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated areas? | {
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... | context-408_13_0.mp3 | context-408_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. | question-408_13_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated areas? |
57309157069b531400832196 | Airport | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehi... | Who instructs vehicles on which taxiways to use? | {
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... | context-408_13_2.mp3 | context-408_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Ground Control will instruct these vehicles on which taxiways to use, which runway they will use (in the case of planes), where they will park, and when it is safe to cross runways. | Ground Control will instruct these vehicles on which taxiways to use, which runway they will use (in the case of planes), where they will park, and when it is safe to cross runways. | question-408_13_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Who instructs vehicles on which taxiways to use? |
57309157069b531400832197 | Airport | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehi... | When a plane is ready to take off, who takes over the direction of a plane? | {
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"te... | context-408_13_3.mp3 | context-408_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | When a plane is ready to takeoff it will stop short of the runway, at which point it will be turned over to Tower Control. | When a plane is ready to takeoff it will stop short of the runway, at which point it will be turned over to Tower Control. | question-408_13_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | When a plane is ready to take off, who takes over the direction of a plane? |
57309157069b531400832198 | Airport | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehi... | When is control turned back over to ground control? | {
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"te... | context-408_13_4.mp3 | context-408_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | After a plane has landed, it will depart the runway and be returned to Ground Control. | After a plane has landed, it will depart the runway and be returned to Ground Control. | question-408_13_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | When is control turned back over to ground control? |
573091be2461fd1900a9ceab | Airport | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in ... | Who controls aircraft on the runway? | {
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... | context-408_14_0.mp3 | context-408_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. | question-408_14_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Who controls aircraft on the runway? |
573091be2461fd1900a9cead | Airport | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in ... | Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space? | {
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573091be2461fd1900a9ceac | Airport | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in ... | Who controls aircraft in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport? | {
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573091be2461fd1900a9ceae | Airport | Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in ... | Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control? | {
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"... | context-408_14_3.mp3 | context-408_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic. | Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic. | question-408_14_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control? |
573092478ab72b1400f9c59e | Airport | At all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And due to the so-ca... | What is a traffic pattern often called outside of the U.S.? | {
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573092478ab72b1400f9c5a0 | Airport | At all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And due to the so-ca... | Due to this, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. | {
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"... | context-408_15_2.mp3 | context-408_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | And due to the so-called SLOT-times, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. | And due to the so-called SLOT-times, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. | question-408_15_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Due to this, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb3 | Airport | Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five "legs" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitud... | Traffic patterns are usually flown at what altitude above ground level? | {
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"... | context-408_16_2.mp3 | context-408_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitude, usually 800 or 1,000 ft (244 or 305 m) above ground level (AGL). | Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitude, usually eight hundred or one thousand ft (two hundred forty-four or three hundred five m) above ground level (AGL). | question-408_16_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Traffic patterns are usually flown at what altitude above ground level? |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb5 | Airport | Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five "legs" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitud... | Are standard traffic patterns right-handed or left-handed? | {
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"... | context-408_16_3.mp3 | context-408_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Standard traffic patterns are left-handed, meaning all turns are made to the left. One of the main reason for this is that pilots sit on the left side of the airplane, and a Left-hand patterns improves their visibility of the airport and pattern. | Standard traffic patterns are left-handed, meaning all turns are made to the left. One of the main reason for this is that pilots sit on the left side of the airplane, and a Left-hand patterns improves their visibility of the airport and pattern. | question-408_16_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Are standard traffic patterns right-handed or left-handed? |
573093662461fd1900a9ceb4 | Airport | Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five "legs" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitud... | What does AGL stand for? | {
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573093662461fd1900a9ceb6 | Airport | Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five "legs" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at one specific altitud... | What is one of the main reasons pilots sit on the left side of the airplane? | {
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573094368ab72b1400f9c5b8 | Airport | At extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency called Clearance D... | At an extremely large airport, what is in place but not usually used? | {
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573094368ab72b1400f9c5b9 | Airport | At extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency called Clearance D... | What is the frequency called that is used by departing aircraft for the purpose of requesting approach clearance? | {
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"... | context-408_17_2.mp3 | context-408_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Large airports have a frequency called Clearance Delivery which is used by departing aircraft specifically for this purpose. | Large airports have a frequency called Clearance Delivery which is used by departing aircraft specifically for this purpose. | question-408_17_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What is the frequency called that is used by departing aircraft for the purpose of requesting approach clearance? |
573094368ab72b1400f9c5ba | Airport | At extremely large airports, a circuit is in place but not usually used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport, often before they even take off from their departure point. Large airports have a frequency called Clearance D... | Which aircraft request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport? | {
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573094c48ab72b1400f9c5be | Airport | There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are often accompani... | What helps pilots fly the approach for landing? | {
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573094c48ab72b1400f9c5bf | Airport | There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are often accompani... | What does VASI stand for? | {
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5730954a2461fd1900a9cebf | Airport | On runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run dow... | What does ALS stand for? | {
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573095a62461fd1900a9cec5 | Airport | Hazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is airfield rubber removal which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that loose material d... | What includes debris and nesting birds? | {
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57309634069b5314008321af | Airport | Many ground crew at the airport work at the aircraft. A tow tractor pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges, The ground power unit is plugged in. It keeps the electricity running in the plane when it stands at the terminal. The engines are not working, therefore they do not generate the electricity, as they do in f... | What pulls the aircraft to one of the airbridges? | {
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573096972461fd1900a9cecb | Airport | An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air For... | An airfield is also referred to as what? | {
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573096e32461fd1900a9ced6 | Airport | Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is The Terminal, a film about a man who becomes permanently grounded in an airport... | When was the movie Airport made? | {
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"te... | context-409_0_3.mp3 | context-409_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav I (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death. | Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav I (ten nineteen-ten fifty-four); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death. | question-409_0_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What did Yaroslav sons achieve during his time in Keivan Rus? |
5730855c396df91900096174 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | When was the term Kievan Rus first coined? | {
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5730855c396df91900096175 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | When did the term Kievan Rus first appear in English? | {
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5730855c396df91900096176 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | Who first translated the term Kievan Rus into english from russian? | {
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5730878f2461fd1900a9ce8f | Kievan_Rus%27 | Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnie... | Who populated the area between the Baltic Sea and the Black sea before Kievan Rus? | {
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5730878f2461fd1900a9ce90 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnie... | Where were the Limen Slavs located before Kievan Rus? | {
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"t... | context-409_2_3.mp3 | context-409_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. | In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. | question-409_2_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Which tribe resided in the south? |
573089b78ab72b1400f9c560 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Controversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries later. To some extent t... | What controversy currently surrounds the Rus? | {
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57308b138ab72b1400f9c566 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': "They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of h... | Which early traveler provided an early description of the Rus? | {
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57308b138ab72b1400f9c568 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler during the 10th century, provided one of the earliest written descriptions of the Rus': "They are as tall as a date palm, blond and ruddy, so that they do not need to wear a tunic nor a cloak; rather the men among them wear garments that only cover half of his body and leaves one of h... | Which historian refered to the Rus as "Scythians"? | {
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5730de3fb54a4f140068ccb4 | Kievan_Rus%27 | According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang... | Which two groups were divided inn the territories of the East Slavs? | {
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5730de3fb54a4f140068ccb5 | Kievan_Rus%27 | According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang... | In what year did the Varangians impose tribute from the Slavic and Finnic? | {
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5730df1ab54a4f140068ccba | Kievan_Rus%27 | The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to... | What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk? | {
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5730df1ab54a4f140068ccbb | Kievan_Rus%27 | The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to... | Whoch of the three brothers become the sole ruller over all three of the teritories? | {
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5730df1ab54a4f140068ccbc | Kievan_Rus%27 | The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to... | What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men? | {
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"... | context-409_6_3.mp3 | context-409_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians." | On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians." | question-409_6_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men? |
5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc0 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the "universal" devastation of the suburbs and nearby i... | Between what years did Askold and Dir continued to attack Kiev? | {
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5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc1 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the "universal" devastation of the suburbs and nearby i... | What did the attack between Rus and Byzantines lead to? | {
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5730e0b8b54a4f140068ccc2 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle reports that Askold and Dir continued to Constantinople with a navy to attack the city in 863–66, catching the Byzantines by surprise and ravaging the surrounding area, though other accounts date the attack in 860. Patriarch Photius vividly describes the "universal" devastation of the suburbs and nearby i... | Wat was the purpose of the Patriarch when they were sent north? | {
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5730f58e05b4da19006bcc98 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | When did Ruik past away? | {
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5730f58e05b4da19006bcc9a | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | Who declared Kiev "The mother of Rus citis'? | {
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... | context-409_8_0.mp3 | context-409_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about eight hundred seventy-nine, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. | question-409_8_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Who declared Kiev "The mother of Rus citis'? |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc99 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | When Rurik past away, who took over? | {
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... | context-409_8_0.mp3 | context-409_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about eight hundred seventy-nine, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. | question-409_8_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | When Rurik past away, who took over? |
5730f58e05b4da19006bcc9b | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians? | {
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573104be497a881900248af9 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazar... | Why did the Kievan state prosper? | {
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573104be497a881900248afa | Kievan_Rus%27 | The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazar... | How many trade routes did the Kievan state control? | {
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"... | context-409_9_5.mp3 | context-409_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place. | Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place. | question-409_9_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place? |
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"... | context-409_9_3.mp3 | context-409_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. | Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. | question-409_9_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Which route was a central post in Kiev? |
5731075905b4da19006bccee | Kievan_Rus%27 | The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th centu... | What led to constant problems with the Khazars? | {
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5731090ca5e9cc1400cdbbb9 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Byzantine Empire was able to take advantage of the turmoil to expand its political influence and commercial relationships, first with the Khazars and later with the Rus' and other steppe groups. The Byzantines established the Theme of Cherson, formally known as Klimata, in the Crimea in the 830s to defend against r... | What did the Byzantine empire use to expand its political influence? | {
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"t... | context-409_11_3.mp3 | context-409_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The Byzantines also helped the Khazars build a fortress at Sarkel on the Don river to protect their northwest frontier against incursions by the Turkic migrants and the Rus', and to control caravan trade routes and the portage between the Don and Volga rivers. | The Byzantines also helped the Khazars build a fortress at Sarkel on the Don river to protect their northwest frontier against incursions by the Turkic migrants and the Rus', and to control caravan trade routes and the portage between the Don and Volga rivers. | question-409_11_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What did the Byzantines help the Khazars with? |
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"... | context-409_12_1.mp3 | context-409_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as vassals of the Magyars, blocking Rus' access to the Black Sea. | In around eight hundred ninety, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as vassals of the Magyars, blocking Rus' access to the Black Sea. | question-409_12_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Who led the war on Dniester and Dnieper? |
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"t... | context-409_12_6.mp3 | context-409_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Rus' were raiding and plundering into the Caspian Sea region from 864, with the first large-scale expedition in 913, when they extensively raided Baku, Gilan, Mazandaran and penetrated into the Caucasus. | The Rus' were raiding and plundering into the Caspian Sea region from eight hundred sixty-four, with the first large-scale expedition in nine hundred thirteen, when they extensively raided Baku, Gilan, Mazandaran and penetrated into the Caucasus. | question-409_12_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What year did the Rus raid Baku, Gilan,Mazandaran, and Caucasus? |
57310d3fe6313a140071cbbc | Kievan_Rus%27 | As the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. The Pechenegs were thus secure to raid the lands of the Khazars from their base between th... | Around what time did the Khazars unable to no longer command tribute from Volga? | {
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... | context-409_13_0.mp3 | context-409_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | As the 10th century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. | As the tenth century progressed, the Khazars were no longer able to command tribute from the Volga Bulgars, and their relationship with the Byzantines deteriorated, as Byzantium increasingly allied with the Pechenegs against them. | question-409_13_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Around what time did the Khazars unable to no longer command tribute from Volga? |
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2... | context-409_14_0.mp3 | context-409_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. | After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in eight hundred sixty, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. | question-409_14_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | In what year did the Rus attack Constantinople? |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc3 | Kievan_Rus%27 | After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due... | What had Prince Rastislav requested? | {
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"t... | context-409_14_1.mp3 | context-409_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due to their knowledge of the Slavonic language. | Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in eight hundred sixty-three the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due to their knowledge of the Slavonic language. | question-409_14_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What had Prince Rastislav requested? |
57310ec3e6313a140071cbc4 | Kievan_Rus%27 | After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due... | What did Cyril and Mehodius come up with to help with the issue of the Slaves not having a written language? | {
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"te... | context-409_14_2.mp3 | context-409_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The Slavs had no written language, so the brothers devised the Glagolitic alphabet, later developed into Cyrillic, and standardized the language of the Slavs, later known as Old Church Slavonic. | The Slavs had no written language, so the brothers devised the Glagolitic alphabet, later developed into Cyrillic, and standardized the language of the Slavs, later known as Old Church Slavonic. | question-409_14_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What did Cyril and Mehodius come up with to help with the issue of the Slaves not having a written language? |
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