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why does the tetanus shot give us muscle pain (known as a dead arm) | Mainly due to the fact that the tetanus vaccine is injected directly into the muscle.
Shots that are given subcutaneous (just under the skin) are quickly absorbed by the body. These shots are given in a way that lets the spread-out in the layers of skin.
Intramuscular shots (tetanus and gamma globulin) are injected ... | |
What is the difference (if any) between medical grade Nitroglycerin (like for Angina) and "OMG Explosion" grade Nitroglycerin? | I carry medical grade Nitroglycerin (GTN/Glyceryl Trinitrate) for Angina, and I have always wondered how come it can be used for medical treatment and carried around with you everywhere, without the volatility which comes with bog standard Nitro.
Are the two the same thing but in dilute quantities? Is the medical s... | They are exactly the same thing, except the medical grade is in the range of milligrans, while you need at least a few grams of the stuff to create any kind of noticeable explosion. The medical grade is also very pure due to the fact that you're putting it in your body, a constraint that the explosive doesn't need. |
What's the process of making newer operating systems (like Windows 8) faster than their predecessors? | Despite its controversial UI design, Windows 8 seems to have noticeable improvements in start up time and overall speed compared to Windows 7. How is it possible for newer operating systems to outperform the old ones? | I don't think you'll ever get one true answer to this. I think it comes from many, many places, but I think one is the easiest to pin down and likely responsible for the most. (Others, such as improved coding practices and compilers will also exist)
I think the main one is when Operating Systems are built for new ch... |
Why is 8 hours of sleep considered the "perfect" time? | Not only do different age groups need different amounts of sleep, but sleep needs are also individual. Just like any other characteristics you are born with, the amount of sleep you need to function best may be different for you than for someone who is of the same age and gender. While you may be at your absolute best ... | |
What happens to someone’s money/bank account after they die? | If someone has money in the bank and they have no family what happens with the money when they die? | Bank accounts are part of "the estate", that is, the sum of all the properties that the person owns. Once the person dies, the estate is distributed according to the person's will. If there is no will, typically most countries will have laws to distribute the properties as fairly as possible among the heirs (children... |
When subjected to extremely low temperatures, why does the voltage of a semiconductor increase, but the conductivity decrease? | Not quite sure what you mean by "voltage of a semiconductor", but I'll answer the conductivity question and we'll go from there.
Conductivity of a doped semiconductor depends on two things:
* **Carrier concentration**: How many electrons or holes are free to move and carry current
* **Carrier mobility**: How fast el... | |
US Army camouflage | As you can see in [this image](_URL_0_), US Army camouflage seems to be pixelated. I don't know of any plant/dirt/etc in the real world that is pixelated like that - so why does the Army choose this pattern? | Look at the camoflage on a zebra. They're black and white striped. The grass/environment they live in isn't black and white, its mainly yellow. You'd be surprised how difficult to spot they can be though!
The point of camoflage isn't to make you look exactly like the background, but to break up your body shape/silouet... |
Why do some stereotypically black names sound vaguely French? | DeShawn and DeAndre are cases in point? | The list of French speaking countries in Africa is a very extensive list. You will hear heritage in the names of people based upon their country of origin. Haiti in North America is another French speaking country. Hence why the names do sound French, however vague. |
How can not wearing glasses negatively effect eyesight? | Its like not wearing a brace if you have injured your arm/leg. Not using your glasses makes your eyes strain harder to see things. The strain is bad for your eyes and can make its resting state worse. | |
Why do some companies have different names in different areas (Hardee's/Carl Jr.'s, Checkers/Rally's)? | Corporate Acquisitions. You change the name, it's not familiar. People want familiar.
That simple. | |
What is the point of the scroll lock key on a keyboard and has anyone actually ever used it? | [removed] | Imagine using DOS. You typed a command, the computer gave you output, then you typed another command.
But what if the output of your command was too long, and your output ran off the top of the screen? There was no way to scroll back up.
Scroll lock to the rescue - it would freeze the output of your command, giving y... |
How can a fly move hours before I try to swat it by hand, but they can't see a newspaper coming at all? | Okay there was one like this involving fly swatters last week so here's my answer from that.
This takes from 8th grade physics knowledge, so I might have to ELY13.
Levers are a type of mechanism that moves up and down/back and forth, staying stationary and one end and moving on the other. One lever moves at a certai... | |
The Requirement for College Admission Essays and Personal Statements for Universities. | Are they really that crucial in selecting 'worthy' applicants? What are they looking for in these essays?
Are they an appropriate measure of an applicants character and won't the need to 'stand out' create an atmosphere of pretentiousness and self-superiority amongst better qualified applicants?
| I would bet it has a lot to do with reducing the number of applications they get/have to sift though. You aren't going to go through the trouble of writing an essay unless you really think you have a shot to get in |
how can companies like Mozilla make profit by providing open-source software like Firefox, if its code is available to everyone to view and edit? | How can you make profit by engaging your business in open-source software? It looks like that's profiting from community (suckers?) that builds and improves the code?
Thanks for the answers! | The critical thing to understand is that a business built around open source software does *not* usually want to make money from the software itself. Instead, they have a different product that benefits in some way from the existence of the free software; this can be directly related to the free software like technical... |
How come every night it takes me a long time (20-40 minutes) to fall asleep even though ive been awake for a long time. | I want to know this too. It annoys me that some people can fall asleep in seconds.
Maybe if I could fall asleep instantly I wouldn't be so tired in the morning for work. | |
Why were people open minded about rape and justice by violence before the 1950s and how/why have they grown to be against it? | I think it would be a misconception to say people were "open minded" about rape. You know who has been and always will be open to the idea of rape? Rapists... And since when did anyone anywhere stop believing in justice by violence? Do you even live on Earth?? | |
What is it about alcohol that makes me be more social and talk to people. | I consider myself to be a person that keeps to myself most of the time are rarely talks to people about how I feel but when I drink and suddenly gain the ability to socialise with people and tell people how I'm really feeling? What is happening when that happens and there is away to be like that without alcohol? | The brain is made of neurons. Neurons talk to each other by sending chemicals. One of these chemicals is called GABA; of the dozen or so major chemicals used in the brain, GABA is one of the major inhibitors - it causes things to slow down. Ethanol (the alcohol in drinks) makes the chemical receivers for GABA more sens... |
- If my injected flu vaccination can't give me the flu, what is causing the crappy feeling side effects? | Your immune system still reacts to the inactive virus. Some of the crappy feeling you have when sick is actually caused by your immune system's reaction, not the virus itself. | |
What rules govern when and which particle/antiparticle pairs will be created during pair production? | So, I get that pair production conserves mass-energy, and that you need a photon with enough energy to account for the two new particles, but what rules govern when pair production happens? Why is it sometimes an electron/positron pair, but at other times a proton/anti-proton pair? Why does pair production happen when ... | Assuming you're at high enough energies where there are multiple options for the final state, it's just probabilistic. Each particular final state has some probability amplitude which you can calculate using quantum field theory. The outcome of each individual event is random, based on those probabilities. |
What does it mean to "blow out" your voice? | What are the mechanics "blowing out" your vocal cords? How is it not a permanent injury and how does the body recover? | To strain your vocal muscles. Like any other muscle, you need to stretch and warm up before putting it to use. You don't run a marathon workout stretching your legs first (to put it simply). Even when you stretch properly, you can still blow your voice out. Everyone has limits, and it's good to know what yours are. Ove... |
How policing and law enforcement works in the U.K., particularly this 'policing by consent'. | I'm American and what is this?
But seriously, I was watching the live news feed on the BBC's site and they were talking about using rubber bullets and the expert they were interviewing said that this went against "150 years of Scotland Yard policing by consent"--what does that mean? It sounds to me like the majority o... | Police in the UK, unlike many european countries especially, are not a branch of the armed forces. They are, well were originally, citizens in uniform. |
Why were the five good emperors considered "good" by historians? | _URL_0_
They were considered good because they sere successful during their reigns (Nerva less so, but he started that series of five adopted emperors). Part of that may be due to the fact that the succession was not biological; rather, each of the four subsequent Good Emperors had been adopted by the previous emperor... | |
Why do disks store more information than cartridges? | Also, why do cartridges load faster than disks? | I'm assuming you're asking about cartridges like Nintendo DS and SNES cartridges vs disks like CDs and DVDs.
On a CD (or DVD) information is stored in little dots (really pits and valleys) arranged in concentric on the surface of the disk. To read information, a machine must focus a laser at a specific spot on the di... |
Why do gallon jugs "gulp" whenever you pour them out? | I always noticed if you go fast when pouring out something gallon sized like expired milk, it would "gup" and wouldn't flow continuously and smooth if you did it too fast. Does anyone know why? | If you just turn it upside down, it "chugs," but it is possible to pour it in a smooth fashion. The issue is that you have to allow for air to flow in to displace the water/milk/whateverjuice flowing out. If you don't, then you get large bubbled "Blorking" up the stream and disrupting it.
Another trick is to rapidly s... |
Why does butter taste almost like nothing alone but makes a plain slice of bread taste so much better? | Can't give you a scientific reason, but fat helps to enhance flavor.
"Fat is the vehicle by which flavor travels." | |
If I donate a kidney, then my other one fails, am I prioritized for a new one? | [removed] | Yes, and not just for kidneys. You may not be first on every list, but UNOS does give priority to living donors. |
Why do people die on everest even with supplemental oxygen | In the last few days there's been reports of at least two climbers dying of "altitude sickness" on everest. My question is, shouldn't the bottled oxygen negate this? is the Oxygen they take not enough, or is there more to it? | Bottled oxygen increases the percentage of oxygen in the air you breathe, it does not increase pressure.
It's like bottled oxygen allows you to eat a bigger slice of the pizza, but because of the altitude the size of the pizza has been drastically reduced. At 28,000 ft the pressure is only 30% of sea level, the pizza ... |
Are zero-calorie drinks bad? | [removed] | Most 'zero-calorie' drinks are loaded with other shit instead of calories, but really it depends on the type of drink. On a linear scale, I would say Vitaminwater is better than soda but not better than water. Water beats everything you can throw at it except maybe Nuka-Cola. |
Why is satellite internet such bad quality but satellite TV can broadcast HD no problem? | I have always wondered this- we used to live in a location where the only internet available was satellite and it was truly god awful. We got maybe 1mbps download on a good day, and the up time was usually under 50%.
However, we also had satellite TV and it worked flawlessly- never stuttering when streaming HD broadc... | Satellite TV broadcasts the **same data** to millions of clients. There is no back channel. Your TV does not send any data back to the satellite.
Satellite Internet broadcasts **different data** for each user. That means of course, your total data rate is divided by the number of users on your satellite.
Even more i... |
How is art appraised? | What/Who determines the value of one of Picasso's works over another? Or one artist's work over another's? | It's a free market. The value is simply determined by what someone is willing to pay for it. The highest bidder determines the price. |
With modern technology, SpaceX struggles to propulsively land a rocket on Earth, yet we landed on the Moon in the '60's? | The Earth has 6X the gravity of the Moon, and also has an atmosphere with varying conditions (such as winds). It's a pretty big challenge to land a large vehicle (or part of a vehicle) this way on Earth, particularly without an on-board pilot. | |
Why do older tv shows like The X Files look better graphically than new shows like Its Always Sunny in Philadelphia? | Because those older shows had a higher budget. X Files is a large network sci Fi drama and Its always sunny is a cable low budget comedy. | |
What's going on in North Dakota between the natives and oli company whose right and who's wrong? | [removed] | A pipeline is being built.
The protesters say that parts of the pipeline are being built on sacred/burial grounds. The company constructing the pipeline says that they have all the proper permits, and that a pipeline is, by far, the safest way to transport oil.
All of the above is correct. |
Why is claustrophobia such a common fear, given that our ancestors were cave dwellers? Wouldn't we have adapted to tight and dark spaces? | Although prehistoric humans are often called "cavemen" its likely that the vast majority of early humans did not live in caves. Caves are where we find most prehistoric human artifacts, but that's because caves preserve things that would be destroyed, lost, or buried outside.
It's far more likely that most humans live... | |
Why does this gif posted in /r/oddlysatisfying seem to pop out at you as if it's 3D? | [removed] | It's a combination of high contrast, high resolution, and the fact that it depicts a turning sphere. Although the sphere doesn't have three-dimensionality in this presentation, your mind "fills in the blanks" of what a 3-D sphere would look like. |
If the purpose of photosynthesis is for plants to absorb as much light as possible, then why are plants generally green, and not black? | We don't know the answer for sure, but there are a number of possibilities:
1. Black plants might absorb too much light, causing the plant to overheat.
2. The rate of photosynthesis isn't limited by light absorption but by [RuBisCO](_URL_0_), one of the enzymes that the plant uses to turn CO2 into glucose. Absorbin... | |
If law enforcement aren't allowed to enter our homes without a warrant, why are they allowed in our yards? | I'm just curious. Are there different laws for land than there are for structures on the land? And if so, why? I started wondering after hearing about a man's dog being shot and killed by police (while he wasn't even home) after they jumped his fence while looking for a suspect. Thank you in advanced! | > after they jumped his fence while looking for a suspect
This is a key piece of information. If they had a reasonable suspicion that a suspect had entered your home, they could enter it without a warrant, too.
There are four instances where the police can search private property without a warrant:
1. **Consent**: ... |
How is ocean water converted to "fresh rain" while leaving the salt behind? | **ELI5**:
Water is very good at getting stuff to dissolve in it. Take a glass of tap water, and you can dump a couple of teaspoons of sugar and salt in it, and... Ta-Daa! You have salty sugar water (also known as Gatorade -- only to get Gatorade, you have to add fake color and some goofy fruit-like flavors -- but it's... | |
If photons are mass-less and travel forever without friction, If I point my flashlight at the sky, do they travel forever? | friction with the atmosphere, bends the light?
My flashlight in space would be like a mini sun?
why does my flashlight with weak batteries on only produce a dim beam of light that does not extend far, what is exactly happening to the photons then? | Within the atmosphere, the photons are being absorbed by the molecules in the air. Those that are not absorbed are scattered, which is why in dusty air you can see the dust dancing in the air - it's the light bouncing off the dust particles and flying off in different directions. The flashlight also doesn't send all th... |
why do so many things grow toward a branch or fern-like pattern? Even non-living things such as ice crystals to lightning and even dust patterns on plastic surfaces? What am I not seeing here that makes all these thing follow the same or very similar branch pattern? | Both ferns and ice crystals grow as [fractals](_URL_0_). The idea is that if you're scaling something (adding a leaf to a fern, expanding an ice crystal), you're always following roughly the same rules: "What's easy to get to from here?" and "How far away do I need to be from the last thing before I add a new thing?" ... | |
Tectonic plates and earthquakes | Please read before answering to save unnecessary explanation: I know the basics from school about tectonic plates and earthquakes. The specific part I am looking for help on is this:
An earthquake is caused by movement along a fault line, but how is there an epicenter with the movement localized around there? Imagine a... | The key thing to understand is that rocks on the scale of a fault are not stiff, but are actually elastic (a bit), so one part of a fault can move while other parts do not. In fact, on some faults, movement in one area increases stress on other parts adjacent that are still locked by friction.
So your analogy of a ... |
how do groups like ISIS attract middle class westerners to their cause, and why are they mostly male? | Many devote muslims, even fanatics are women but they typically aren't used as fighters for the same reasons why warriors have traditionally been male in all cultures. Those reasons are compounded by the fact that extremest Islam is very hostile to the idea of women leaving "their place."
It's not common for ISIS and... | |
How many words can be created with the englisch language before we have to make a new letter? | [removed] | Infinite. You can always just make longer and longer words. Example: an alphabet with only one letter still has infinite possibilities..
A
AA
AAA |
Why isn't it illegal for big trucks to completely block traffic? | I feel like there is always a UPS truck or beer delivery truck that is parked all janky, and in order to get around them, I have to drive in the opposing lane of traffic. Why isn't it illegal for them to do this? Or is it, but no one ever calls them on it? I've even seen a beer truck park completely across my street... | It is illegal. But the risk of getting caught is so small that its worth them to just do it anyway, in places like new york they hve no choice... Finding a parking spot for every delivery would slow them down so far as to drive them out of business.
They do get caught and they do get tickets, its just worth the risk... |
How do hangnails form and why do they hurt so much? | it has to do with how nails are created and grow. If you look very closely at your nails, you'll notice that they're made up of many many tiny fibers. if you stop cutting or filing your nails for a while, you'll notice that the nails also grow outward in a fan-like shape. this means that your nail grows naturally ou... | |
What causes the whole "Check the fridge, find nothing, check it again" experience? | I tend to do this with my phone, especially with Reddit only to find that I've look at everything on the front page.
*Edit: I get that boredom could be an easy answer, but I'm more interested in the psychology of it. What makes us think something is going to magically appear there 5 seconds later? | Like any behavior, there are many possible explanations, some of which may be right or wrong at different times for different people. But here's the one that I think is closest for what you are talking about. I think it's ELI5, but it's a bit long, so forgive me for that.
So, one of the ways that your brain works is ... |
Why screenwriters and directors are given funding when their movies are typical bombs? | Look up Craig Clyde on IMDB. His writing career began in 1992, and his highest rated movies are Castle Rock (2000) at 5.8/10 and Storm Rider at 6.3/10. He's written 21 scripts and directed 17 films, and none of them have done very well. Yet, as recently as 2013, he's still getting scripts turned into movies.
EDIT - H... | Your only listing the overall critical response to Mr. Clyde's films here, not their financial success, and quite frankly, financial success is a better barometer of sustained employment in Hollywood than critical approval ever has been and ever will be. As long as Mr. Clyde maintains a profitable track record, he's g... |
Where do really rich people (hundred million to billionaires) keep all their money? | I mean there is a limit to how much you can invest in property and stock and you can only keep so much in banks with FDIC insurance. So where does the rest go? (I found an AskReddit about this but there were a lot of jokes.) | What makes you think there is a limit to how much you can invest in property and stock? |
Why do we sometimes get in bad moods for no apparent reason? | [removed] | Sometimes it's just chemistry. If you haven't eaten well enough that day, you might get grumpy. Likewise, if you haven't slept well enough the previous night.
Sometimes it could be stuff in the background that you haven't consciously realised was bugging you; noise from a neighbour's house, or the hum of traffic.
Th... |
I still don't understand... Can I please get an UPDATED explanation as to why people want to impeach Obama and if it's even possible? The media won't stfu about it and I feel really out of the loop. | Some people have asked before but I find those explanations to really not explain anything. It makes seriously no sense to me and no one seems to say why they want to, just that they want it done. Are people just blowing hot air, or is the media blowing things out of proportion?
If I may throw in another question: Why... | "People" want to impeach Obama because certain aspects of the media have built him up as the central figure in a massive, America-destroying cult of evil. Rationality doesn't necessarily enter into the argument.
Whether Obama has committed any crimes is pretty questionable at this point, and very much down to interpre... |
When you're struck by lightning, what element actually kill you: electricity, heat or shockwave? | It's a tossup, there's more than enough electricity to kill you a thousand times, and more than enough heat cause fatal burns. Even if it just knocks you out, if you fall over and hit your head wrong on the pavement that could kill you. If you're riding a bicycle it you could fall into traffic. If you're at home asl... | |
Why everyone is dressed up in paintings and photos pre-20th century. | Before photographs there were portraits. Most people barely had enough money for food, so only very rich men could afford for an artist to paint for them. They didn't just to it for fun though, rich families would hang up the pictures of their granddads because being rich meant that you came from a very famous and impo... | |
How do EMPs work? | A change in the the magnetic field in a conductor causes a current of electricity to flow.
Electrical current through non-superconductors produces heat.
An EMP is a sudden spike and drop in the magnetic field intensity, causing a powerful current to be induced in circuits, melting or burning them. | |
What causes a computer program to crash? | And what causes one computer program to crash more than another? | There are many reasons why a program might crash. Here are some common ones:
* **Division by zero**: You may remember from kindergarten math that you can't divide a number by zero. The result is undefined. Well, if a program tells the computer to divide something by zero, the computer will tell the program that it... |
Why does our heart skip a beat when we hear a sudden loud sound? | It doesn't. That feeling you get is actually a sudden rush of adrenaline triggered by your fight-or-flight response. Your body carries out this response involuntarily so that you are ready to react in case that noise was caused by a real threat that you need some extra strength or endurance to protect yourself from. | |
How do scientists know how much voltage is in lightning bolts? How do they measure it? | One way is to make a radio sensor that employs the faraday effect and measures the flash's magnetic field. This is just a simple solenoid- a tightly wound, wire coil around a special ferromagnetic rod- that is hooked up to a signal amplifier with some other knicknacks and goodies. The sensor can be used to determine t... | |
How did ancient Rome have all these grand cities and buildings, and then afterwards everything went south in terms of architecture? | Ancient Rome had massive amounts of human labor from Military, Citizens, and Slaves. When Rome fell it did so amid several waves of plagues and the kingdoms that took over afterwards did not have access to the same volume of people. When labor pools available to a single ruler/builder got back up in numbers you start s... | |
Why is motion capture animation unrealistic, despite their supposedly recording of actual motion by the actors? | Motion capture records the motion of only a few key points of the body, such as feet, shoulders, hands, elbows ... these motions are attached to the same points of the 3D character. Recording too few motion points from the actor leaves gaps in the movement that have to be filled in mechanically by the animation softwar... | |
Why are magicians often also prominent skeptics? | Houdini, Penn & Teller, James Randi. Why is it that stage magicians are often also scientific skeptics? | These guys spend their entire lives learning and designing ways to trick their audiences into seeing something that can't be explained. They know that as amazing as their illusions or performances are, at the heart of each is a fairly simple explanation.
So when someone goes around doing acts similar to theirs, makin... |
Why can't Windows 10 spying be countered by firewall rules or other networking means? | If usage data is send back to Microsoft servers why can't most of it be blocked by firewall/host entry rules? Like a user contributed list of Microsoft servers to blacklist. I remember a crack of adobe that disables traffic to their validation servers. | It can. You can edit the host file like described here:
_URL_0_
to block a lot of the functions of it. Other spy functions are prevented by not using/removing some preinstalled apps.
There are tools that will just take care of everything automatically for you though, like "destroy windows 10 spying" |
What a dad joke is | daddy jokes are those kind of jokes that kind of make you smile, but not because the joke was exceptionally funny or clever, but rather because it was so silly. it's a joke that makes you feel ashamed for the person who made it. oftentimes the person who came up with that joke is the only person really laughing about i... | |
Why do we like watching people fight? | (1) Competitions in general often showcase superb mastery of some skillset, which is entertaining to watch.
(2) Human beings are animals and sometimes have violent urges. Organized, rule-based fighting (whether as participant or spectator) can serve as an outlet for those urges that are otherwise frowned upon.
(3) So... | |
Why it was decided that some months have 28, 30, or 31 days in them | In [early Roman times](_URL_0_), the calendar was based on the moon, not the sun.
In order to ensure that the months could match the cycle of the moon, and also have all the required significant days in each month (the Ides in the middle of the month, for example) and festivals fall in the correct place, most months w... | |
what "bubbles" are (in regards to economics) | I've always had a hard time understanding what "bubbles" are. I hear people discuss housing bubbles, stock market bubbles, economic bubbles, etc. but I've never grasped a strong or definite understanding of what they are.
Can someone please help me understand? Thank you I appreciate your time! | A bubble occurs when people artificially place value on something.
For example, people thought that they could make money by buying a house, fixing it up, and selling it. People were also willing to spend a little more on their purchase, thinking that their improvements would increase the value of the house wheneve... |
Is there mental illness like sociopathy or psychopathy in animals? | [removed] | Hey. Neither Sociopathy nor Psychopathy are considered diagnoses nowadays. While Psychopathy is sometimes described as an extreme form of antisocial personality disorder neither of those terms are part of the big classification systems ICD-10 and DSM-IV so they are not regarded as a diagnosis or a medical condition.
B... |
how do we make different notes when we whistle? | By changing the shape of the hole between your lips, you make the air passing through it move past your lips at different pressure and speeds, which changes the way it vibrates, which is what sound is. | |
How many pixels are really in a 1080p television? | All your guesses are right. This is the easiest eli5 ever :D | |
If ants and termites are spread all across the planet, how come armadillos and ant-eaters are confined to south and Cenrtal America only?? | Ants and termites have the ability to easily migrate to new areas either through flying, or by piggy-backing on other animals or debris in the water. So it was easy for ants to migrate across the globe. Ant-eaters on the other hand cannot migrate so easily, and being much younger on an evolutionary scale than ants, o... | |
Why is it on movie posters actor names are rarely in the order that they appear on the cover art? | Some googling came up with mixed results and a lot of people guessing. Some people suggested that the bigger names go to the left and others said the biggest name goes in the middle.
Wouldn't it be counter productive in terms of marketing the for the actor? A lot of people (I still get a some stars mixed up, only exa... | It's unbelievable how much goes into the order of names. Who gets top billing is very important to people. The names go in order of how the producers and actors eventually agreed on them going with typically the "biggest" star on the left and then declining order as you move to the right. Sometimes they put the names a... |
How did people with celiacs disease survive in the 18th and 19th century? I feel like there weren't that many "gluten free" options.. | True Celiacs make-up a very very small portion of the population. Were talking like 0.5-1% of the population. They wouldn't have even registered on the radar. Plus a true Celiac living back then would have probably died of something else way more prevalent and life threatening (e.g. nutritional deficiencies, infection)... | |
This quote from "The Cider House Rules" | [removed] | IMO it could have a couple of different meanings. At first glance, I imagine it has to do with the fact that grammatically, items placed in parenthesis aren't integral to a sentence. Another way to say this is, "When time marches on, we realize that people who used to mean the world to us aren't as involved in our live... |
Why do certain store-bought, counter-ripened fruits (peaches, pears, nectarines, etc.) often acquire that gross, mealy texture without ever becoming properly ripe? | I understand that the best way to get good fruit is to buy it in season, but even out of season I can buy two peaches from the same bin in the supermarket (with seemingly the same firmness, color, and scent) but one will ripen perfectly and the other will go mealy. | Some (scammy) sellers will freeze them for storage, then thaw them before they go on the shelves. Freezing destroys the texture of the fruit due to ice expanding and bursting the cells, and makes them tasteless, but they look the same on the outside. This results in tasteless, mushy textured fruit that leaks juice. |
What would happen if the Federal Reserve/Congress placed a forever permanent "cap" on the amount of dollar bills in circulation? | Would the value skyrocket? Would the economy fall out of the bottom? What would be the events immediately following such an announcement that no new money would be printed ever again? | Well valuation of other goods would plummet as there would be pretty large deflation. It wouldn't bottom out overnight but it wouldn't be pretty by any means. One of the things that most people aren't considering is that most transactions really don't occur without cash leaving the banking system.
Cash in and of itse... |
Why don’t rockets launched in to space hit any of the junk circling earth’s atmosphere? | [removed] | There are a few main reasons. First, the people launching the rockets try to avoid what they know is up there. The second factor is that space is very large and there just isn't that much stuff up there in the first place. If I dropped you somewhere in the Pacific Ocean at random would you really be afraid of hitting ... |
Please explain me this burn: “This is what you get when you found a political system on the family values of Henry VIII." | [removed] | Henry VIII decided that he was above the law of the Church and of the country when he wanted to divorce his first wife and the church wouldn't let him. Instead of abiding by the law, he split from the church, formed his own church, changed the law, divorced his first wife, called his first child a bastard, married a yo... |
why do lights flicker during a storm but other electronic devices seem unaffected? | Lights are connected directly to the AC Line power.
Most electronic devices(TV's Radio, and small appliances) actually run on DC. They have a circuit inside that converts AC to DC. This circuit requires a filter to operate. The filter makes it immune to transient drops in AC power. Specifically, there is a large capac... | |
Why does my brain start randomly playing songs in my head that I haven't heard in years? | It's actually less random than you perceive it to be. You have an incalculable amount of information floating around in your head, but obviously you don't need access to it for the overwhelming majority of your existence. It's just sitting there, waiting to be called upon or activated, which can happen quicker than a r... | |
how do bugs, like ants, walk on the ceiling? | Imagine a cube 10cm on each side sitting on the ground. It has 100cm^2 on the floor with a volume of 1000cm^2 . 10 unita volume (ie mass) per unit area.
Now double each side to 20cm. Floor area? 400cm^2 . Volume? 8000cm^2 . 20 units vol per area!
The pressure (weight per unit area) has doubled, even though it's the s... | |
Why is fire blue at the bottom and Yellow at the top? | [removed] | Someone will probably explain better, but from what I learned in my image class in film school, blue literally is the warmest colour, and the fire is hottest at the "root" of the flame. As the flame goes up, it becomes less hot and the colour shifts to yellow/red. Someone please come in an explain the physics side of t... |
Why do people have varying levels of tolerance to spice/heat? | How come there is such a wide range or spiciness tolerance and preference? How can the same level of heat be perfect for one person and make another cough, tear, and have difficulties breathing? Is any of the aquired? Is there an absolute limit for what humans can tolerate? | Part of it is acquired through food you eat as you grow up part of it also depends on the bitter tastebuds section of your tongue...Some puerile have a very high tolerance bc of eating so much "hot" food that the portion of the tongue that detects spiciness namely the bitter tastebuds are over stimulated and so dint de... |
Why does the same type of GPU take 8 pins when another one of another brand takes 16 or 18 | Like take the 1070 Gigabyte Turbo. It only takes 8pin but the MSI 1070 gaming takes 16 pins I believe. Why is that? | More power hungry fans, rgb, better pcb power delivery for OC, or a combination of any or all 3 |
why can't pharma companies just recreate the drug producing an outrage at the moment if the patent is expired? It's good PR and an open-ish market to seize on? | Generics still have to be approved by the FDA, and they have a fairly huge backlog that keeps growing. Median review time for an ANDA application was [42 months](_URL_0_) in 2014 (page 65), and estimated to be about the same in 2015 and 2016. In 2003 that was 17 months, and in 2009 it was closer to 24 months.
The GDUF... | |
Why do some Animals (like bugs etc.) literally just sit and stare for hours? what are they doing? | currently have a bug in my sink i just left alone, it's been on pretty much the same spot for two hours now... and it got me thinking, i see various animals do this from time to time.. what exactly are they doing? planning for world domination? | Oftentimes insects, fish and other animals are engaged in [torpor](_URL_0_) when they "literally just sit and stare for hours". |
How do you make a company? | I'm trying to start up a company that is a general contractor which deals with all aspects of home remodeling and construction, including electric work, flooring, painting, etc. | If it's a sole proprietorship (a one-man business), you have to do almost nothing. Go read this: _URL_0_ |
If two puppies were seperated at birth and met later in life, would they know they are siblings? | [removed] | This is difficult because the most correct answer is "we don't know for sure". But, we do know a few things:
- In terms of episodic memory - consciously remembering past events - it is unlikely that the dog would have any recollection of the sibling. Even humans don't remember their infancy and early life, and dog mem... |
How can cops tell which car was speeding when there is a lot of traffic? | I'm not an expert, but I do know that radar guns have at least two modes they can operate in - "fastest signal" and "strongest signal" (some do both at the same time). When you point a radar gun at a group of cars, it shoots out a radar beam and then gets bounces back from multiple cars in the group.
If the radar gu... | |
How can a service (I.e.: WhatsApp) offer end to end encryption, when the patriot act forces them to hand over personal communication of at least some of their users? | Do they simply hand over the encrypted messages and say: figure it out yourself? Do they need to have a backdoor installed? Or did I get it completely wrong? | IIRC, the patriot act doesn't force companies to keep records on communications. What it does is allow the government to see the records that companies do keep, without a warrant. If there is no record, then the government can't see it. |
German redditors, i have a question for you! | when you were learned about world war 2, what were the two military forces called? here, it's called the allies and the axis. i was just curious if it was called the same names there.
thanks !
| The Axis powers named themselves the Axis. It comes from a speech by Mussolini where he said the alliance between Rome and Berlin would be the axis upon which the world would turn. The Germans obviously use their own language so it's Achsenmächte. |
Biologists/geneticists, why can't genetic modification in humans work now? Lack of research? Danger? (Specific question inside) | This question stems from the fact that I'm Asian and I get all patchy/spotty all over when I drink alcohol (after one pint or so, depending on alcohol content). I was reading an article the other day about the genetic 'defect' of most Asians, not having the enzyme to properly digest/breakdown alcohol. The article also ... | I believe that while some modification may be possible, you have to keep in mind that this "one gene" you are trying to modify is actually present in every single cell in your body, since every cell carries an exact copy of your whole genome, or DNA. Also, modifying one gene would mean changing around the sequence of b... |
Why does wetting your hands make it easier to open a plastic bag, when having wet hands usually makes it difficult to handle other things? | Title pretty much says it. I searched and couldn't find an answer. But having wet fingers seems counter intuitive, but makes opening trash bags and such way easier. How? | Your dry fingers have difficulty adhering to the smooth plastic. When you wet your finger, the water fills the spaces between your skin and the plastic bag. Water molecules are slightly bent, which means that they act a little bit like small magnets, with a small attractive force between them. This small attractive for... |
Why do I feel better after I break and smash things while I am in a fit of rage | Because fits of rage often arise from feeling like you are not in control of the situation. Destroying things gives you back a sense of control. | |
If a human grew up with absolutely no other human contact other than the initial infant stage how would they behave? | Assuming it's past the infant stage and learned to walk upright dropped off in a forest with no human contact. And if they survived to grow up how would they act? Would they mimic other animals? Would they be able to understand how to make shelter, get food etc. would they know that they are *different* to other animal... | Genie (aka Susan Wiley) is probably the most-studied and most-famous case. The only contact with other humans she had for most of the first 13 years of her life was the abuse of her insane father. Edit: ugh, linking to a URL with parentheses in it via reddit formatting not working right. _URL_0_
Further edit: Basicall... |
What does A/B/C/D on X/Y/Z mean in basketball? | For example when the stats say: Kobe averaged 30.2/5.5/5.3/1.7/0.9 on 46/35/88 in 2009 | Typically it means
Point/rebounds/assists/steals/blocks
Those other numbers are shooting percentages or field goal‰
Overall fg%/ 3pt fg%/ free-throw ‰ |
How do cells know what they are supposed to do? | Certain genes are turned on or off, depending on the extra-cellular environment. | |
Why are Indian Americans so good at spelling bees? | Tonight two Indian Americans won the Spelling Bee. They were so good that the Spelling Bee ran out of words. The last 8 champions are of Indian descent. | Parents.
It all starts at home, with parents. The ones that push you. The ones that help you study. No matter what, the ones that guide you. |
Why are cocaine and heroin illegal? What harm do they cause to us? | Well, I grew up with people who became addicted to both. First the cocaine. Cocaine is a hell of a drug. Once you get a line up your nose you want more. I've seen people snort the rent check in a weekend. 48 hours of straight up tweaking and snorting and drinking. Then the money runs out and you crash and you sleep for... | |
If skin renews itself every 30 days, why do humans get wrinkles? | [removed] | The part of your skin that renews itself is the visible layer or upper/top epidermis. That's why tattoos stay forever, the needle leaves ink in the lower area called the dermis. When you're young your skin can "spring back" from various expressions. But as you age all the layers of your skin overall become less elastic... |
how is bios installed on a motherboard? | There are special memory chips on the motherboard that contain the BIOS. In ancient times, these were actual ROMs, read-only memory chips. That's too hard to maintain, so today most mobos use flash memory, like in a USB drive or camera card, to store the BIOS. That way you can do a firmware update with a special pro... | |
Would 2 equally loud noises combine to make a louder sound? Why or why not? | Like if i dropped 2 of the same object and they hit the ground at the exact same time...would it be louder than dropping one object? | Sound travels through air much like ripples in a pond. What would happen if you dropped 2 pebbles in a pond at the same time? You would get spots in the water where the waves would cancel each other out and then some spots where there would be a wave that is twice as big. (see: _URL_0_ with some nifty information). You... |
What is the 'return' statement in Python? | Why use 'return' instead of another command like 'print'. What is the point of the return command? Everywhere I've googled I've seen explanations which seem to require knowledge of computer science. I'm just a noob programmer so I'd appreciate a simple explanation. | A return means "end this function, and optionally give the value back to the caller".
In other words, let's say you have a function that calculates some value:
def myfunc():
# do some math stuff here
return n
What the return statement does is say "give the value in the variable n back to whoever ... |
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