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- license: cc-by-4.0
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+ # FDA Enforcement Linkage Dataset
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+ A pre-joined, analysis-ready dataset connecting FDA inspection outcomes to enforcement actions, regulatory citations, and product recalls — covering **265,000+ inspections** across **129,000+ facilities** from 2008 to present.
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+
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+ ## Why This Dataset Exists
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+ FDA publishes inspection, citation, compliance, and recall data across 4-5 separate databases with no common key. Researchers, compliance teams, and analysts must manually cross-reference these systems to answer basic questions like:
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+ - What happened after a facility failed an inspection?
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+ - How long does FDA take to issue a Warning Letter after an OAI classification?
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+ - Which CFR violations most frequently lead to recalls?
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+
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+ This dataset joins those sources into a single flat file.
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+
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+ ## Schema
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+ | Column | Type | Description |
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+ |--------|------|-------------|
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+ | `inspection_id` | int | DDAPI inspection identifier |
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+ | `fei_number` | str | FDA Establishment Identifier |
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+ | `firm_name` | str | Inspected facility name |
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+ | `inspection_start_date` | date | Inspection start |
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+ | `inspection_end_date` | date | Inspection end |
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+ | `classification` | str | NAI / VAI / OAI |
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+ | `product_category` | str | Drugs, Food/Cosmetics, Devices, Veterinary, etc. |
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+ | `citation_count` | int | Number of CFR citations for this inspection |
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+ | `cfr_violations` | str | Semicolon-delimited CFR references (e.g., "21 CFR 211.68(a)") |
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+ | `citation_texts` | str | Full citation text descriptions |
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+ | `compliance_action_type` | str | Warning Letter / Injunction / Seizure (null if none) |
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+ | `compliance_action_date` | date | Date enforcement action was taken |
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+ | `days_to_action` | int | Days between inspection end and enforcement action |
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+ | `related_drug_recall_numbers` | str | Drug recall numbers within ±6mo–2yr of inspection |
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+ | `related_drug_recall_statuses` | str | Status of related drug recalls |
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+ | `related_drug_recall_count` | int | Count of related drug recalls |
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+ | `related_device_recall_numbers` | str | Device recall numbers linked by firm + timing |
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+ | `related_device_recall_count` | int | Count of related device recalls |
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+
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+ ## Coverage
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+ - **265,000+** inspection records
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+ - **129,000+** unique facilities (by FEI number)
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+ - **10,000+** Official Action Indicated (OAI) inspections
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+ - **8,300+** inspections linked to compliance actions
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+ - **4,000+** inspections linked to recalls
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+ - **Date range**: October 2008 – present
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+ - **Update frequency**: Quarterly
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+
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+ ## Sources
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+ All data derived from public FDA databases:
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+ - [DDAPI Inspections & Classifications](https://datadashboard.fda.gov/ora/cd/inspections.htm)
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+ - [DDAPI Inspection Citations](https://datadashboard.fda.gov/ora/cd/citations.htm)
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+ - [DDAPI Compliance Actions](https://datadashboard.fda.gov/ora/cd/complianceactions.htm)
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+ - [OpenFDA Drug Recalls](https://open.fda.gov/apis/drug/enforcement/)
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+ - [OpenFDA Device Recalls](https://open.fda.gov/apis/device/enforcement/)
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+
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+ ## Methodology
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+ - Inspections linked to citations via `inspection_id`
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+ - Compliance actions linked to inspections via `fei_number` + time proximity (action within 2 years of inspection end)
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+ - Drug recalls linked via normalized firm name + time proximity (±6 months to 2 years)
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+ - Device recalls linked via normalized firm name + time proximity (±6 months to 2 years)
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+
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+ ## Sample
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+ The `_sample` file contains a random 10% subset for evaluation purposes.
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+ ## License
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+ Derived from U.S. government public data. The underlying data is in the public domain. This compiled and linked dataset is provided as-is.
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+ ## Contact
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+ For the full dataset, custom queries, or API access, contact: [your email]
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