nl
stringlengths 15
184
| bash
stringlengths 1
176
| bash2
stringlengths 4
166
| difficulty
int64 0
2
|
|---|---|---|---|
list files in the current directory
|
ls
|
ls -l
| 0
|
list all files in the current directory including hidden files
|
ls -a
|
ls -alh
| 0
|
list open files
|
lsof
|
lsof -P -i -n
| 0
|
create a copy of /testbed/hello.php named /testbed/hello-COPY.php
|
cp /testbed/hello.php /testbed/hello-COPY.php
|
cp /testbed/hello.php /testbed/hello-COPY.php -v
| 0
|
create a file /testbed/test.txt
|
touch /testbed/test.txt
|
> /testbed/test.txt
| 0
|
create a directory /testbed/test_dir
|
mkdir /testbed/test_dir
|
mkdir /testbed/test_dir -v
| 0
|
remove a file named does_not_exist.txt
|
rm does_not_exist.txt
|
unlink does_not_exist.txt
| 0
|
print hello world
|
echo hello world
|
echo -n 'hello world'
| 0
|
print the current working directory
|
pwd
|
pwd .
| 0
|
print the current date and time
|
date
|
date -R
| 0
|
print the current user
|
whoami
|
id -un
| 0
|
remove a directory named fake_dir
|
rmdir fake_dir
|
rm -r fake_dir
| 0
|
print the current shell
|
echo $0
|
echo $SHELL
| 0
|
print environment variables
|
env
|
printenv
| 0
|
print the current user's home directory
|
echo $HOME
|
echo ~
| 0
|
print the current user's path
|
echo $PATH
|
printenv PATH
| 0
|
display the contents of the setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh file
|
cat setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
nl setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
display the first 5 lines of the setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh file
|
head -n 5 setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n '1,5p' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
display the last 5 lines of the setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh file
|
tail -n 5 setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
tac setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh | head -n 5
| 0
|
print the tenth line of the setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n 10p setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk 'NR==10' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the path of the bash executable
|
which bash
|
type bash
| 0
|
display the shell history
|
history
|
history | cut -c 8-
| 0
|
print the system utilization stats
|
vmstat
|
vmstat -t
| 0
|
print the system uptime
|
uptime
|
uptime -p
| 0
|
print the system load averages
|
w
|
w -s
| 0
|
print running processes
|
ps
|
ps -e
| 0
|
print running processes in a tree format
|
pstree
|
pstree -p
| 0
|
print the system memory usage
|
free
|
free -h
| 0
|
print the system disk usage
|
df
|
df -h
| 0
|
print the kernel version
|
uname -a
|
uname -r
| 0
|
print the system hostname
|
hostname
|
hostname -f
| 0
|
print the system IP address
|
hostname -I
|
hostname -i
| 0
|
print the ip addresses of the system DNS servers
|
cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver
|
grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf
| 0
|
display the network interfaces
|
ifconfig
|
ifconfig -a
| 0
|
display the routing table
|
route
|
route -n
| 0
|
show the last logged in users
|
last
|
last -a
| 0
|
print the last logged in users and show the full user and domain names
|
last -w
|
last -w -i
| 0
|
print the openssl version
|
openssl version
|
openssl version -a
| 0
|
base64 encode the string 'hello'
|
echo 'hello' | base64
|
echo 'hello' | openssl enc -base64
| 0
|
base64 decode the string 'aGVsbG8='
|
echo 'aGVsbG8=' | base64 -d
|
echo 'aGVsbG8=' | openssl enc -base64 -d
| 0
|
print lines containing 'console' in the file setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
grep 'console' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk '/console/' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
list the stats and timestamps of the file setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
stat setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
stat -t setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
gzip the file /testbed/hello.php keeping the original file
|
gzip -k /testbed/hello.php
|
gzip --keep /testbed/hello.php
| 0
|
tar the file /testbed/hello.php to /testbed/hello.tar
|
tar -cf /testbed/hello.tar /testbed/hello.php
|
tar -cvf /testbed/hello.tar /testbed/hello.php
| 0
|
show apt information about the curl package
|
apt show curl
|
apt-cache show curl
| 0
|
list background jobs
|
jobs
|
jobs -p
| 0
|
print the current terminal type
|
echo $TERM
|
printenv TERM
| 0
|
display the current process priority
|
nice
|
nice
| 0
|
display the pid of the current shell
|
echo $$
|
pidof bash
| 0
|
time how long it takes to run the command echo 'hello'
|
time echo 'hello'
|
time echo 'hello'
| 0
|
print the current user's groups
|
groups
|
groups
| 0
|
print the current user's id
|
id
|
id -u
| 0
|
list the cron tab
|
crontab -l
|
crontab -l
| 0
|
print the current user's umask
|
umask
|
umask -p
| 0
|
list cpu information
|
lscpu
|
cat /proc/cpuinfo
| 0
|
list memory information
|
lsmem
|
cat /proc/meminfo
| 0
|
print the installed ssh version
|
ssh -V
|
ssh -V
| 0
|
print the bash profile in the home directory
|
cat ~/.bashrc
|
nl ~/.bashrc
| 0
|
print the system's locale
|
locale
|
locale
| 0
|
list block devices
|
lsblk
|
lsblk -f
| 0
|
find all files larger than 100MB in the current dir
|
find . -size +100M -print
|
find . -size +100M
| 0
|
create a symbolic link to /testbed/hello.php named /testbed/link
|
ln -s /testbed/hello.php /testbed/link
|
ln -s /testbed/hello.php /testbed/link
| 0
|
change the ownership of /testbed/test.txt to user 'nobody'
|
chown nobody /testbed/test.txt
|
chown nobody /testbed/test.txt
| 0
|
change the group of /testbed/test.txt to group 'nogroup'
|
chgrp nogroup /testbed/test.txt
|
chgrp nogroup /testbed/test.txt
| 0
|
change permissions of /testbed/test.txt to read-only for everyone
|
chmod 444 /testbed/test.txt
|
chmod a=r /testbed/test.txt
| 0
|
count the lines, words, and characters in setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
wc setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
wc setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the lines in setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh sorted alphabetically
|
sort setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sort setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the unique lines in setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
uniq setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
uniq setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
display network statistics
|
netstat --statistics
|
netstat -s
| 0
|
display network interfaces
|
netstat -i
|
netstat --interfaces
| 0
|
display a calendar for the next 3 months
|
cal -3
|
cal -3
| 0
|
show running daemons and services
|
service --status-all
|
service --status-all
| 0
|
print the system boot time
|
who -b
|
uptime -s
| 0
|
print current swap usage
|
swapon --show
|
free -h | grep Swap
| 0
|
print a list of active kernel parameters
|
sysctl -a
|
sysctl --all
| 0
|
list the installed software packages
|
dpkg --get-selections
|
apt list --installed
| 0
|
list available shells
|
cat /etc/shells
|
cat /etc/shells
| 0
|
list all users on the system
|
getent passwd
|
cat /etc/passwd
| 0
|
list all groups on the system
|
getent group
|
cat /etc/group
| 0
|
extract the filename from this path '/usr/local/bin/my_script.sh'
|
basename /usr/local/bin/my_script.sh
|
echo 'my_script.sh'
| 0
|
perform a dns lookup for google.com
|
nslookup google.com
|
dig google.com
| 0
|
extract the directory from this path '/usr/local/bin/my_script.sh'
|
dirname /usr/local/bin/my_script.sh
|
echo '/usr/local/bin/'
| 0
|
send the message 'System maintenance in 10 minutes!' to all logged in users
|
wall 'System maintenance in 10 minutes!'
|
echo 'System maintenance in 10 minutes!' | wall
| 0
|
print the file type of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
file setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
file setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the contents of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh with lines wrapped to 40 characters
|
fold -w 40 setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
fmt -w 40 setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print all system configuration variables
|
getconf -a
|
getconf -a
| 0
|
print the number of processors
|
nproc
|
nproc
| 0
|
print the max number of open file descriptors
|
ulimit -n
|
ulimit -n
| 0
|
print the max number of user processes
|
ulimit -u
|
ulimit -u
| 0
|
print the max cpu time
|
ulimit -t
|
prlimit --cpu
| 0
|
display the configured size of long integers
|
getconf LONG_BIT
|
getconf LONG_BIT
| 0
|
print the directory tree two levels deep
|
tree -L 2
|
find . -maxdepth 2 -print
| 0
|
print the number of times the word 'the' appears in setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
grep -o 'the' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh | wc -l
|
grep -o 'the' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh | nl
| 0
|
print the number of files in the current directory
|
ls -a | wc -l
|
ls -al | wc -l
| 0
|
print first line of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n '1p' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk 'NR == 1 {print}' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the last line of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n '$p' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk 'END {print}' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print lines 3 to 5 of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n '3,5p' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk 'NR >= 3 && NR <= 5 {print}' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print every other line of setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
sed -n '1~2p' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk 'NR % 2 == 1 {print}' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
print the number of words in setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
wc -w setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
|
awk '{ total += NF } END { print total }' setup_nl2b_fs_1.sh
| 0
|
find all empty files in the current directory, do not search sub directories
|
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -empty
|
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -empty -print
| 0
|
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