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2,900
FAME: Face Association through Model Evolution
cs.CV
We attack the problem of learning face models for public faces from weakly-labelled images collected from web through querying a name. The data is very noisy even after face detection, with several irrelevant faces corresponding to other people. We propose a novel method, Face Association through Model Evolution (FAME)...
computer science
2,901
ConceptLearner: Discovering Visual Concepts from Weakly Labeled Image Collections
cs.CV
Discovering visual knowledge from weakly labeled data is crucial to scale up computer vision recognition system, since it is expensive to obtain fully labeled data for a large number of concept categories. In this paper, we propose ConceptLearner, which is a scalable approach to discover visual concepts from weakly lab...
computer science
2,902
Double-Base Asymmetric AdaBoost
cs.CV
Based on the use of different exponential bases to define class-dependent error bounds, a new and highly efficient asymmetric boosting scheme, coined as AdaBoostDB (Double-Base), is proposed. Supported by a fully theoretical derivation procedure, unlike most of the other approaches in the literature, our algorithm pres...
computer science
2,903
Action-Conditional Video Prediction using Deep Networks in Atari Games
cs.LG
Motivated by vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) problems, in particular Atari games from the recent benchmark Aracade Learning Environment (ALE), we consider spatio-temporal prediction problems where future (image-)frames are dependent on control variables or actions as well as previous frames. While not composed...
computer science
2,904
Understanding symmetries in deep networks
cs.LG
Recent works have highlighted scale invariance or symmetry present in the weight space of a typical deep network and the adverse effect it has on the Euclidean gradient based stochastic gradient descent optimization. In this work, we show that a commonly used deep network, which uses convolution, batch normalization, r...
computer science
2,905
Symmetry-invariant optimization in deep networks
cs.LG
Recent works have highlighted scale invariance or symmetry that is present in the weight space of a typical deep network and the adverse effect that it has on the Euclidean gradient based stochastic gradient descent optimization. In this work, we show that these and other commonly used deep networks, such as those whic...
computer science
2,906
Visual Language Modeling on CNN Image Representations
cs.CV
Measuring the naturalness of images is important to generate realistic images or to detect unnatural regions in images. Additionally, a method to measure naturalness can be complementary to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based features, which are known to be insensitive to the naturalness of images. However, most p...
computer science
2,907
Modeling the Sequence of Brain Volumes by Local Mesh Models for Brain Decoding
cs.LG
We represent the sequence of fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain volumes recorded during a cognitive stimulus by a graph which consists of a set of local meshes. The corresponding cognitive process, encoded in the brain, is then represented by these meshes each of which is estimated assuming a linear rel...
computer science
2,908
Learning Hand-Eye Coordination for Robotic Grasping with Deep Learning and Large-Scale Data Collection
cs.LG
We describe a learning-based approach to hand-eye coordination for robotic grasping from monocular images. To learn hand-eye coordination for grasping, we trained a large convolutional neural network to predict the probability that task-space motion of the gripper will result in successful grasps, using only monocular ...
computer science
2,909
Learning Domain-Invariant Subspace using Domain Features and Independence Maximization
cs.CV
Domain adaptation algorithms are useful when the distributions of the training and the test data are different. In this paper, we focus on the problem of instrumental variation and time-varying drift in the field of sensors and measurement, which can be viewed as discrete and continuous distributional change in the fea...
computer science
2,910
Control of Memory, Active Perception, and Action in Minecraft
cs.AI
In this paper, we introduce a new set of reinforcement learning (RL) tasks in Minecraft (a flexible 3D world). We then use these tasks to systematically compare and contrast existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) architectures with our new memory-based DRL architectures. These tasks are designed to emphasize, in a ...
computer science
2,911
Generating Images Part by Part with Composite Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.AI
Image generation remains a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence in general and deep learning in specific. The generative adversarial network (GAN) was successful in generating high quality samples of natural images. We propose a model called composite generative adversarial network, that reveals the complex s...
computer science
2,912
Autonomous Grounding of Visual Field Experience through Sensorimotor Prediction
cs.RO
In a developmental framework, autonomous robots need to explore the world and learn how to interact with it. Without an a priori model of the system, this opens the challenging problem of having robots master their interface with the world: how to perceive their environment using their sensors, and how to act in it usi...
computer science
2,913
Deeply Semantic Inductive Spatio-Temporal Learning
cs.AI
We present an inductive spatio-temporal learning framework rooted in inductive logic programming. With an emphasis on visuo-spatial language, logic, and cognition, the framework supports learning with relational spatio-temporal features identifiable in a range of domains involving the processing and interpretation of d...
computer science
2,914
Deep Markov Random Field for Image Modeling
cs.CV
Markov Random Fields (MRFs), a formulation widely used in generative image modeling, have long been plagued by the lack of expressive power. This issue is primarily due to the fact that conventional MRFs formulations tend to use simplistic factors to capture local patterns. In this paper, we move beyond such limitation...
computer science
2,915
Contextual RNN-GANs for Abstract Reasoning Diagram Generation
cs.CV
Understanding, predicting, and generating object motions and transformations is a core problem in artificial intelligence. Modeling sequences of evolving images may provide better representations and models of motion and may ultimately be used for forecasting, simulation, or video generation. Diagrammatic Abstract Reas...
computer science
2,916
Deep Visual Foresight for Planning Robot Motion
cs.LG
A key challenge in scaling up robot learning to many skills and environments is removing the need for human supervision, so that robots can collect their own data and improve their own performance without being limited by the cost of requesting human feedback. Model-based reinforcement learning holds the promise of ena...
computer science
2,917
Domain Adaptation with Soft-margin multiple feature-kernel learning beats Deep Learning for surveillance face recognition
cs.CV
Face recognition (FR) is the most preferred mode for biometric-based surveillance, due to its passive nature of detecting subjects, amongst all different types of biometric traits. FR under surveillance scenario does not give satisfactory performance due to low contrast, noise and poor illumination conditions on probes...
computer science
2,918
Feature base fusion for splicing forgery detection based on neuro fuzzy
cs.CV
Most of researches on image forensics have been mainly focused on detection of artifacts introduced by a single processing tool. They lead in the development of many specialized algorithms looking for one or more particular footprints under specific settings. Naturally, the performance of such algorithms are not perfec...
computer science
2,919
Ensembles of Deep LSTM Learners for Activity Recognition using Wearables
cs.LG
Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have been introduced very successfully into human activity recognition (HAR) scenarios in ubiquitous and wearable computing. Especially the prospect of overcoming the need for manual feature design combined with superior classification capabilities render deep neural networks very a...
computer science
2,920
Bootstrapping Labelled Dataset Construction for Cow Tracking and Behavior Analysis
cs.CV
This paper introduces a new approach to the long-term tracking of an object in a challenging environment. The object is a cow and the environment is an enclosure in a cowshed. Some of the key challenges in this domain are a cluttered background, low contrast and high similarity between moving objects which greatly redu...
computer science
2,921
Explaining the Unexplained: A CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response (CLEAR) Approach to Understanding Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
In this work, we propose CLass-Enhanced Attentive Response (CLEAR): an approach to visualize and understand the decisions made by deep neural networks (DNNs) given a specific input. CLEAR facilitates the visualization of attentive regions and levels of interest of DNNs during the decision-making process. It also enable...
computer science
2,922
Fast k-means based on KNN Graph
cs.LG
In the era of big data, k-means clustering has been widely adopted as a basic processing tool in various contexts. However, its computational cost could be prohibitively high as the data size and the cluster number are large. It is well known that the processing bottleneck of k-means lies in the operation of seeking cl...
computer science
2,923
Multimodal Affect Analysis for Product Feedback Assessment
cs.HC
Consumers often react expressively to products such as food samples, perfume, jewelry, sunglasses, and clothing accessories. This research discusses a multimodal affect recognition system developed to classify whether a consumer likes or dislikes a product tested at a counter or kiosk, by analyzing the consumer's facia...
computer science
2,924
Learning Spatiotemporal Features for Infrared Action Recognition with 3D Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Infrared (IR) imaging has the potential to enable more robust action recognition systems compared to visible spectrum cameras due to lower sensitivity to lighting conditions and appearance variability. While the action recognition task on videos collected from visible spectrum imaging has received much attention, actio...
computer science
2,925
Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replay
cs.AI
Attempts to train a comprehensive artificial intelligence capable of solving multiple tasks have been impeded by a chronic problem called catastrophic forgetting. Although simply replaying all previous data alleviates the problem, it requires large memory and even worse, often infeasible in real world applications wher...
computer science
2,926
Conditional generation of multi-modal data using constrained embedding space mapping
cs.LG
We present a conditional generative model that maps low-dimensional embeddings of multiple modalities of data to a common latent space hence extracting semantic relationships between them. The embedding specific to a modality is first extracted and subsequently a constrained optimization procedure is performed to proje...
computer science
2,927
RegNet: Multimodal Sensor Registration Using Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
In this paper, we present RegNet, the first deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to infer a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) extrinsic calibration between multimodal sensors, exemplified using a scanning LiDAR and a monocular camera. Compared to existing approaches, RegNet casts all three conventional calibration steps (f...
computer science
2,928
Stable Distribution Alignment Using the Dual of the Adversarial Distance
cs.LG
Methods that align distributions by minimizing an adversarial distance between them have recently achieved impressive results. However, these approaches are difficult to optimize with gradient descent and they often do not converge well without careful hyperparameter tuning and proper initialization. We investigate whe...
computer science
2,929
Choosing Smartly: Adaptive Multimodal Fusion for Object Detection in Changing Environments
cs.RO
Object detection is an essential task for autonomous robots operating in dynamic and changing environments. A robot should be able to detect objects in the presence of sensor noise that can be induced by changing lighting conditions for cameras and false depth readings for range sensors, especially RGB-D cameras. To ta...
computer science
2,930
Measuring Catastrophic Forgetting in Neural Networks
cs.AI
Deep neural networks are used in many state-of-the-art systems for machine perception. Once a network is trained to do a specific task, e.g., bird classification, it cannot easily be trained to do new tasks, e.g., incrementally learning to recognize additional bird species or learning an entirely different task such as...
computer science
2,931
DeepFaceLIFT: Interpretable Personalized Models for Automatic Estimation of Self-Reported Pain
cs.CV
Previous research on automatic pain estimation from facial expressions has focused primarily on "one-size-fits-all" metrics (such as PSPI). In this work, we focus on directly estimating each individual's self-reported visual-analog scale (VAS) pain metric, as this is considered the gold standard for pain measurement. T...
computer science
2,932
Learning 6-DOF Grasping Interaction with Deep Geometry-aware 3D Representations
cs.RO
This paper focuses on the problem of learning 6-DOF grasping with a parallel jaw gripper in simulation. We propose the notion of a geometry-aware representation in grasping based on the assumption that knowledge of 3D geometry is at the heart of interaction. Our key idea is constraining and regularizing grasping intera...
computer science
2,933
Subspace Selection to Suppress Confounding Source Domain Information in AAM Transfer Learning
cs.CV
Active appearance models (AAMs) are a class of generative models that have seen tremendous success in face analysis. However, model learning depends on the availability of detailed annotation of canonical landmark points. As a result, when accurate AAM fitting is required on a different set of variations (expression, p...
computer science
2,934
Learning Loss for Knowledge Distillation with Conditional Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
There is an increasing interest on accelerating neural networks for real-time applications. We study the student-teacher strategy, in which a small and fast student network is trained with the auxiliary information provided by a large and accurate teacher network. We use conditional adversarial networks to learn the lo...
computer science
2,935
End-to-End United Video Dehazing and Detection
cs.CV
The recent development of CNN-based image dehazing has revealed the effectiveness of end-to-end modeling. However, extending the idea to end-to-end video dehazing has not been explored yet. In this paper, we propose an End-to-End Video Dehazing Network (EVD-Net), to exploit the temporal consistency between consecutive ...
computer science
2,936
Multi-Label Zero-Shot Human Action Recognition via Joint Latent Embedding
cs.CV
Human action recognition refers to automatic recognizing human actions from a video clip, which is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision. In reality, a video stream is often weakly-annotated with a set of relevant human action labels at a global level rather than assigning each label to a specific video ...
computer science
2,937
IQ of Neural Networks
cs.LG
IQ tests are an accepted method for assessing human intelligence. The tests consist of several parts that must be solved under a time constraint. Of all the tested abilities, pattern recognition has been found to have the highest correlation with general intelligence. This is primarily because pattern recognition is th...
computer science
2,938
Self-Supervised Visual Planning with Temporal Skip Connections
cs.RO
In order to autonomously learn wide repertoires of complex skills, robots must be able to learn from their own autonomously collected data, without human supervision. One learning signal that is always available for autonomously collected data is prediction: if a robot can learn to predict the future, it can use this p...
computer science
2,939
Gradient-free Policy Architecture Search and Adaptation
cs.LG
We develop a method for policy architecture search and adaptation via gradient-free optimization which can learn to perform autonomous driving tasks. By learning from both demonstration and environmental reward we develop a model that can learn with relatively few early catastrophic failures. We first learn an architec...
computer science
2,940
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Neural Networks
stat.CO
We propose a framework to understand the unprecedented performance and robustness of deep neural networks using field theory. Correlations between the weights within the same layer can be described by symmetries in that layer, and networks generalize better if such symmetries are broken to reduce the redundancies of th...
computer science
2,941
Separation of Water and Fat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals Using Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Purpose: A new method for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging water-fat separation using a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) and deep learning (DL) is presented. Feasibility of the method with complex and magnitude images is demonstrated with a series of patient studies and accuracy of predicted quantitative values is...
computer science
2,942
Recurrent Autoregressive Networks for Online Multi-Object Tracking
cs.CV
The main challenge of online multi-object tracking is to reliably associate object trajectories with detections in each video frame based on their tracking history. In this work, we propose the Recurrent Autoregressive Network (RAN), a temporal generative modeling framework to characterize the appearance and motion dyn...
computer science
2,943
Self-Supervised Intrinsic Image Decomposition
cs.CV
Intrinsic decomposition from a single image is a highly challenging task, due to its inherent ambiguity and the scarcity of training data. In contrast to traditional fully supervised learning approaches, in this paper we propose learning intrinsic image decomposition by explaining the input image. Our model, the Render...
computer science
2,944
Driven to Distraction: Self-Supervised Distractor Learning for Robust Monocular Visual Odometry in Urban Environments
cs.RO
We present a self-supervised approach to ignoring "distractors" in camera images for the purposes of robustly estimating vehicle motion in cluttered urban environments. We leverage offline multi-session mapping approaches to automatically generate a per-pixel ephemerality mask and depth map for each input image, which ...
computer science
2,945
MAVOT: Memory-Augmented Video Object Tracking
cs.CV
We introduce a one-shot learning approach for video object tracking. The proposed algorithm requires seeing the object to be tracked only once, and employs an external memory to store and remember the evolving features of the foreground object as well as backgrounds over time during tracking. With the relevant memory r...
computer science
2,946
Learning to cluster in order to transfer across domains and tasks
cs.LG
This paper introduces a novel method to perform transfer learning across domains and tasks, formulating it as a problem of learning to cluster. The key insight is that, in addition to features, we can transfer similarity information and this is sufficient to learn a similarity function and clustering network to perform...
computer science
2,947
NAG: Network for Adversary Generation
cs.CV
Adversarial perturbations can pose a serious threat for deploying machine learning systems. Recent works have shown existence of image-agnostic perturbations that can fool classifiers over most natural images. Existing methods present optimization approaches that solve for a fooling objective with an imperceptibility c...
computer science
2,948
AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AI
cs.CV
We introduce The House Of inteRactions (THOR), a framework for visual AI research, available at http://ai2thor.allenai.org. AI2-THOR consists of near photo-realistic 3D indoor scenes, where AI agents can navigate in the scenes and interact with objects to perform tasks. AI2-THOR enables research in many different domai...
computer science
2,949
Generalizable Data-free Objective for Crafting Universal Adversarial Perturbations
cs.CV
Machine learning models are susceptible to adversarial perturbations: small changes to input that can cause large changes in output. It is also demonstrated that there exist input-agnostic perturbations, called universal adversarial perturbations, which can change the inference of target model on most of the data sampl...
computer science
2,950
FastNet
cs.CV
Inception and the Resnet family of Convolutional Neural Network archi-tectures have broken records in the past few years, but recent state of the art models have also incurred very high computational cost in terms of training, inference and model size. Making the deployment of these models on Edge devices, impractical....
computer science
2,951
Fooling OCR Systems with Adversarial Text Images
cs.LG
We demonstrate that state-of-the-art optical character recognition (OCR) based on deep learning is vulnerable to adversarial images. Minor modifications to images of printed text, which do not change the meaning of the text to a human reader, cause the OCR system to "recognize" a different text where certain words chos...
computer science
2,952
A dataset and architecture for visual reasoning with a working memory
cs.AI
A vexing problem in artificial intelligence is reasoning about events that occur in complex, changing visual stimuli such as in video analysis or game play. Inspired by a rich tradition of visual reasoning and memory in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, we developed an artificial, configurable visual question and ...
computer science
2,953
Towards Universal Representation for Unseen Action Recognition
cs.CV
Unseen Action Recognition (UAR) aims to recognise novel action categories without training examples. While previous methods focus on inner-dataset seen/unseen splits, this paper proposes a pipeline using a large-scale training source to achieve a Universal Representation (UR) that can generalise to a more realistic Cro...
computer science
2,954
Pattern Recognition for Conditionally Independent Data
cs.LG
In this work we consider the task of relaxing the i.i.d assumption in pattern recognition (or classification), aiming to make existing learning algorithms applicable to a wider range of tasks. Pattern recognition is guessing a discrete label of some object based on a set of given examples (pairs of objects and labels)....
computer science
2,955
Regularity of Position Sequences
cs.CV
A person is given a numbered sequence of positions on a sheet of paper. The person is asked, "Which will be the next (or the next after that) position?" Everyone has an opinion as to how he or she would proceed. There are regular sequences for which there is general agreement on how to continue. However, there are less...
computer science
2,956
Learning Hierarchical Sparse Representations using Iterative Dictionary Learning and Dimension Reduction
cs.LG
This paper introduces an elemental building block which combines Dictionary Learning and Dimension Reduction (DRDL). We show how this foundational element can be used to iteratively construct a Hierarchical Sparse Representation (HSR) of a sensory stream. We compare our approach to existing models showing the generalit...
computer science
2,957
Nearest Prime Simplicial Complex for Object Recognition
cs.LG
The structure representation of data distribution plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism of generating data. In this paper, we propose nearest prime simplicial complex approaches (NSC) by utilizing persistent homology to capture such structures. Assuming that each class is represented with a ...
computer science
2,958
A New Clustering Algorithm Based Upon Flocking On Complex Network
cs.LG
We have proposed a model based upon flocking on a complex network, and then developed two clustering algorithms on the basis of it. In the algorithms, firstly a \textit{k}-nearest neighbor (knn) graph as a weighted and directed graph is produced among all data points in a dataset each of which is regarded as an agent w...
computer science
2,959
Tracking using explanation-based modeling
cs.LG
We study the tracking problem, namely, estimating the hidden state of an object over time, from unreliable and noisy measurements. The standard framework for the tracking problem is the generative framework, which is the basis of solutions such as the Bayesian algorithm and its approximation, the particle filters. Howe...
computer science
2,960
An Empirical Evaluation of Four Algorithms for Multi-Class Classification: Mart, ABC-Mart, Robust LogitBoost, and ABC-LogitBoost
cs.LG
This empirical study is mainly devoted to comparing four tree-based boosting algorithms: mart, abc-mart, robust logitboost, and abc-logitboost, for multi-class classification on a variety of publicly available datasets. Some of those datasets have been thoroughly tested in prior studies using a broad range of classific...
computer science
2,961
Using Feature Weights to Improve Performance of Neural Networks
cs.LG
Different features have different relevance to a particular learning problem. Some features are less relevant; while some very important. Instead of selecting the most relevant features using feature selection, an algorithm can be given this knowledge of feature importance based on expert opinion or prior learning. Lea...
computer science
2,962
Higher-Order Markov Tag-Topic Models for Tagged Documents and Images
cs.CV
This paper studies the topic modeling problem of tagged documents and images. Higher-order relations among tagged documents and images are major and ubiquitous characteristics, and play positive roles in extracting reliable and interpretable topics. In this paper, we propose the tag-topic models (TTM) to depict such hi...
computer science
2,963
Unsupervised Discovery of Mid-Level Discriminative Patches
cs.CV
The goal of this paper is to discover a set of discriminative patches which can serve as a fully unsupervised mid-level visual representation. The desired patches need to satisfy two requirements: 1) to be representative, they need to occur frequently enough in the visual world; 2) to be discriminative, they need to be...
computer science
2,964
A new look at reweighted message passing
cs.AI
We propose a new family of message passing techniques for MAP estimation in graphical models which we call {\em Sequential Reweighted Message Passing} (SRMP). Special cases include well-known techniques such as {\em Min-Sum Diffusion} (MSD) and a faster {\em Sequential Tree-Reweighted Message Passing} (TRW-S). Importan...
computer science
2,965
Deep Learning for Medical Image Segmentation
cs.LG
This report provides an overview of the current state of the art deep learning architectures and optimisation techniques, and uses the ADNI hippocampus MRI dataset as an example to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of different convolutional architectures on the task of patch-based 3-dimensional hippocampal segm...
computer science
2,966
Learning to Track at 100 FPS with Deep Regression Networks
cs.CV
Machine learning techniques are often used in computer vision due to their ability to leverage large amounts of training data to improve performance. Unfortunately, most generic object trackers are still trained from scratch online and do not benefit from the large number of videos that are readily available for offlin...
computer science
2,967
How important are Deformable Parts in the Deformable Parts Model?
cs.CV
The main stated contribution of the Deformable Parts Model (DPM) detector of Felzenszwalb et al. (over the Histogram-of-Oriented-Gradients approach of Dalal and Triggs) is the use of deformable parts. A secondary contribution is the latent discriminative learning. Tertiary is the use of multiple components. A common be...
computer science
2,968
Modeling Latent Variable Uncertainty for Loss-based Learning
cs.LG
We consider the problem of parameter estimation using weakly supervised datasets, where a training sample consists of the input and a partially specified annotation, which we refer to as the output. The missing information in the annotation is modeled using latent variables. Previous methods overburden a single distrib...
computer science
2,969
Discriminative Functional Connectivity Measures for Brain Decoding
cs.AI
We propose a statistical learning model for classifying cognitive processes based on distributed patterns of neural activation in the brain, acquired via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the proposed learning method, local meshes are formed around each voxel. The distance between voxels in the mesh is d...
computer science
2,970
Probabilistic Zero-shot Classification with Semantic Rankings
cs.LG
In this paper we propose a non-metric ranking-based representation of semantic similarity that allows natural aggregation of semantic information from multiple heterogeneous sources. We apply the ranking-based representation to zero-shot learning problems, and present deterministic and probabilistic zero-shot classifie...
computer science
2,971
Diverse Landmark Sampling from Determinantal Point Processes for Scalable Manifold Learning
cs.LG
High computational costs of manifold learning prohibit its application for large point sets. A common strategy to overcome this problem is to perform dimensionality reduction on selected landmarks and to successively embed the entire dataset with the Nystr\"om method. The two main challenges that arise are: (i) the lan...
computer science
2,972
Self-critical Sequence Training for Image Captioning
cs.LG
Recently it has been shown that policy-gradient methods for reinforcement learning can be utilized to train deep end-to-end systems directly on non-differentiable metrics for the task at hand. In this paper we consider the problem of optimizing image captioning systems using reinforcement learning, and show that by car...
computer science
2,973
Action-Driven Object Detection with Top-Down Visual Attentions
cs.CV
A dominant paradigm for deep learning based object detection relies on a "bottom-up" approach using "passive" scoring of class agnostic proposals. These approaches are efficient but lack of holistic analysis of scene-level context. In this paper, we present an "action-driven" detection mechanism using our "top-down" vi...
computer science
2,974
Meta-Unsupervised-Learning: A supervised approach to unsupervised learning
cs.LG
We introduce a new paradigm to investigate unsupervised learning, reducing unsupervised learning to supervised learning. Specifically, we mitigate the subjectivity in unsupervised decision-making by leveraging knowledge acquired from prior, possibly heterogeneous, supervised learning tasks. We demonstrate the versatili...
computer science
2,975
Image Classification Using SVMs: One-against-One Vs One-against-All
cs.LG
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are a relatively new supervised classification technique to the land cover mapping community. They have their roots in Statistical Learning Theory and have gained prominence because they are robust, accurate and are effective even when using a small training sample. By their nature SVMs a...
computer science
2,976
What you need to know about the state-of-the-art computational models of object-vision: A tour through the models
cs.CV
Models of object vision have been of great interest in computer vision and visual neuroscience. During the last decades, several models have been developed to extract visual features from images for object recognition tasks. Some of these were inspired by the hierarchical structure of primate visual system, and some ot...
computer science
2,977
Consensus Message Passing for Layered Graphical Models
cs.CV
Generative models provide a powerful framework for probabilistic reasoning. However, in many domains their use has been hampered by the practical difficulties of inference. This is particularly the case in computer vision, where models of the imaging process tend to be large, loopy and layered. For this reason bottom-u...
computer science
2,978
Visual Learning of Arithmetic Operations
cs.LG
A simple Neural Network model is presented for end-to-end visual learning of arithmetic operations from pictures of numbers. The input consists of two pictures, each showing a 7-digit number. The output, also a picture, displays the number showing the result of an arithmetic operation (e.g., addition or subtraction) on...
computer science
2,979
Shedding Light on the Asymmetric Learning Capability of AdaBoost
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a different insight to analyze AdaBoost. This analysis reveals that, beyond some preconceptions, AdaBoost can be directly used as an asymmetric learning algorithm, preserving all its theoretical properties. A novel class-conditional description of AdaBoost, which models the actual asymmetric b...
computer science
2,980
Untangling AdaBoost-based Cost-Sensitive Classification. Part I: Theoretical Perspective
cs.CV
Boosting algorithms have been widely used to tackle a plethora of problems. In the last few years, a lot of approaches have been proposed to provide standard AdaBoost with cost-sensitive capabilities, each with a different focus. However, for the researcher, these algorithms shape a tangled set with diffuse differences...
computer science
2,981
Untangling AdaBoost-based Cost-Sensitive Classification. Part II: Empirical Analysis
cs.CV
A lot of approaches, each following a different strategy, have been proposed in the literature to provide AdaBoost with cost-sensitive properties. In the first part of this series of two papers, we have presented these algorithms in a homogeneous notational framework, proposed a clustering scheme for them and performed...
computer science
2,982
Deep Multimodal Embedding: Manipulating Novel Objects with Point-clouds, Language and Trajectories
cs.RO
A robot operating in a real-world environment needs to perform reasoning over a variety of sensor modalities such as vision, language and motion trajectories. However, it is extremely challenging to manually design features relating such disparate modalities. In this work, we introduce an algorithm that learns to embed...
computer science
2,983
Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Image Using Autoencoders
cs.CV
Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a hot topic in the remote sensing community. This paper proposes a new framework of spectral-spatial feature extraction for HSI classification, in which for the first time the concept of deep learning is introduced. Specifically, the model of autoencoder is exploited in our f...
computer science
2,984
Convolutional Models for Joint Object Categorization and Pose Estimation
cs.CV
In the task of Object Recognition, there exists a dichotomy between the categorization of objects and estimating object pose, where the former necessitates a view-invariant representation, while the latter requires a representation capable of capturing pose information over different categories of objects. With the ris...
computer science
2,985
A New Smooth Approximation to the Zero One Loss with a Probabilistic Interpretation
cs.CV
We examine a new form of smooth approximation to the zero one loss in which learning is performed using a reformulation of the widely used logistic function. Our approach is based on using the posterior mean of a novel generalized Beta-Bernoulli formulation. This leads to a generalized logistic function that approximat...
computer science
2,986
Unsupervised Learning of Visual Structure using Predictive Generative Networks
cs.LG
The ability to predict future states of the environment is a central pillar of intelligence. At its core, effective prediction requires an internal model of the world and an understanding of the rules by which the world changes. Here, we explore the internal models developed by deep neural networks trained using a loss...
computer science
2,987
Hand Pose Estimation through Semi-Supervised and Weakly-Supervised Learning
cs.CV
We propose a method for hand pose estimation based on a deep regressor trained on two different kinds of input. Raw depth data is fused with an intermediate representation in the form of a segmentation of the hand into parts. This intermediate representation contains important topological information and provides usefu...
computer science
2,988
Attribute2Image: Conditional Image Generation from Visual Attributes
cs.LG
This paper investigates a novel problem of generating images from visual attributes. We model the image as a composite of foreground and background and develop a layered generative model with disentangled latent variables that can be learned end-to-end using a variational auto-encoder. We experiment with natural images...
computer science
2,989
Weakly-supervised Disentangling with Recurrent Transformations for 3D View Synthesis
cs.LG
An important problem for both graphics and vision is to synthesize novel views of a 3D object from a single image. This is particularly challenging due to the partial observability inherent in projecting a 3D object onto the image space, and the ill-posedness of inferring object shape and pose. However, we can train a ...
computer science
2,990
$\mathbf{D^3}$: Deep Dual-Domain Based Fast Restoration of JPEG-Compressed Images
cs.CV
In this paper, we design a Deep Dual-Domain ($\mathbf{D^3}$) based fast restoration model to remove artifacts of JPEG compressed images. It leverages the large learning capacity of deep networks, as well as the problem-specific expertise that was hardly incorporated in the past design of deep architectures. For the lat...
computer science
2,991
Studying Very Low Resolution Recognition Using Deep Networks
cs.CV
Visual recognition research often assumes a sufficient resolution of the region of interest (ROI). That is usually violated in practice, inspiring us to explore the Very Low Resolution Recognition (VLRR) problem. Typically, the ROI in a VLRR problem can be smaller than $16 \times 16$ pixels, and is challenging to be re...
computer science
2,992
Recognition of Visually Perceived Compositional Human Actions by Multiple Spatio-Temporal Scales Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
The current paper proposes a novel neural network model for recognizing visually perceived human actions. The proposed multiple spatio-temporal scales recurrent neural network (MSTRNN) model is derived by introducing multiple timescale recurrent dynamics to the conventional convolutional neural network model. One of th...
computer science
2,993
Suppressing the Unusual: towards Robust CNNs using Symmetric Activation Functions
cs.CV
Many deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) make incorrect predictions on adversarial samples obtained by imperceptible perturbations of clean samples. We hypothesize that this is caused by a failure to suppress unusual signals within network layers. As remedy we propose the use of Symmetric Activation Functions (SAF...
computer science
2,994
Action-Affect Classification and Morphing using Multi-Task Representation Learning
cs.CV
Most recent work focused on affect from facial expressions, and not as much on body. This work focuses on body affect analysis. Affect does not occur in isolation. Humans usually couple affect with an action in natural interactions; for example, a person could be talking and smiling. Recognizing body affect in sequence...
computer science
2,995
Conditional Similarity Networks
cs.CV
What makes images similar? To measure the similarity between images, they are typically embedded in a feature-vector space, in which their distance preserve the relative dissimilarity. However, when learning such similarity embeddings the simplifying assumption is commonly made that images are only compared to one uniq...
computer science
2,996
A Novel Biologically Mechanism-Based Visual Cognition Model--Automatic Extraction of Semantics, Formation of Integrated Concepts and Re-selection Features for Ambiguity
cs.CV
Integration between biology and information science benefits both fields. Many related models have been proposed, such as computational visual cognition models, computational motor control models, integrations of both and so on. In general, the robustness and precision of recognition is one of the key problems for obje...
computer science
2,997
Shuffle and Learn: Unsupervised Learning using Temporal Order Verification
cs.CV
In this paper, we present an approach for learning a visual representation from the raw spatiotemporal signals in videos. Our representation is learned without supervision from semantic labels. We formulate our method as an unsupervised sequential verification task, i.e., we determine whether a sequence of frames from ...
computer science
2,998
Look-ahead before you leap: end-to-end active recognition by forecasting the effect of motion
cs.CV
Visual recognition systems mounted on autonomous moving agents face the challenge of unconstrained data, but simultaneously have the opportunity to improve their performance by moving to acquire new views of test data. In this work, we first show how a recurrent neural network-based system may be trained to perform end...
computer science
2,999
ViZDoom: A Doom-based AI Research Platform for Visual Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
The recent advances in deep neural networks have led to effective vision-based reinforcement learning methods that have been employed to obtain human-level controllers in Atari 2600 games from pixel data. Atari 2600 games, however, do not resemble real-world tasks since they involve non-realistic 2D environments and th...
computer science