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3,000
Gearbox Fault Detection through PSO Exact Wavelet Analysis and SVM Classifier
cs.LG
Time-frequency methods for vibration-based gearbox faults detection have been considered the most efficient method. Among these methods, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as one of the best time-frequency method has been used for both stationary and transitory signals. Some deficiencies of CWT are problem of overlappi...
computer science
3,001
Unsupervised Learning for Physical Interaction through Video Prediction
cs.LG
A core challenge for an agent learning to interact with the world is to predict how its actions affect objects in its environment. Many existing methods for learning the dynamics of physical interactions require labeled object information. However, to scale real-world interaction learning to a variety of scenes and obj...
computer science
3,002
SE3-Nets: Learning Rigid Body Motion using Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
We introduce SE3-Nets, which are deep neural networks designed to model and learn rigid body motion from raw point cloud data. Based only on sequences of depth images along with action vectors and point wise data associations, SE3-Nets learn to segment effected object parts and predict their motion resulting from the a...
computer science
3,003
Piecewise convexity of artificial neural networks
cs.LG
Although artificial neural networks have shown great promise in applications including computer vision and speech recognition, there remains considerable practical and theoretical difficulty in optimizing their parameters. The seemingly unreasonable success of gradient descent methods in minimizing these non-convex fun...
computer science
3,004
What makes ImageNet good for transfer learning?
cs.CV
The tremendous success of ImageNet-trained deep features on a wide range of transfer tasks begs the question: what are the properties of the ImageNet dataset that are critical for learning good, general-purpose features? This work provides an empirical investigation of various facets of this question: Is more pre-train...
computer science
3,005
UberNet: Training a `Universal' Convolutional Neural Network for Low-, Mid-, and High-Level Vision using Diverse Datasets and Limited Memory
cs.CV
In this work we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) that jointly handles low-, mid-, and high-level vision tasks in a unified architecture that is trained end-to-end. Such a universal network can act like a `swiss knife' for vision tasks; we call this architecture an UberNet to indicate its overarching natur...
computer science
3,006
Deep Tracking on the Move: Learning to Track the World from a Moving Vehicle using Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
This paper presents an end-to-end approach for tracking static and dynamic objects for an autonomous vehicle driving through crowded urban environments. Unlike traditional approaches to tracking, this method is learned end-to-end, and is able to directly predict a full unoccluded occupancy grid map from raw laser input...
computer science
3,007
Find Your Own Way: Weakly-Supervised Segmentation of Path Proposals for Urban Autonomy
cs.RO
We present a weakly-supervised approach to segmenting proposed drivable paths in images with the goal of autonomous driving in complex urban environments. Using recorded routes from a data collection vehicle, our proposed method generates vast quantities of labelled images containing proposed paths and obstacles withou...
computer science
3,008
Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localization
cs.CV
We propose a technique for producing "visual explanations" for decisions from a large class of CNN-based models, making them more transparent. Our approach - Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), uses the gradients of any target concept, flowing into the final convolutional layer to produce a coarse lo...
computer science
3,009
Deep Fruit Detection in Orchards
cs.RO
An accurate and reliable image based fruit detection system is critical for supporting higher level agriculture tasks such as yield mapping and robotic harvesting. This paper presents the use of a state-of-the-art object detection framework, Faster R-CNN, in the context of fruit detection in orchards, including mangoes...
computer science
3,010
Bit-pragmatic Deep Neural Network Computing
cs.LG
We quantify a source of ineffectual computations when processing the multiplications of the convolutional layers in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and propose Pragmatic (PRA), an architecture that exploits it improving performance and energy efficiency. The source of these ineffectual computations is best understood in th...
computer science
3,011
Learning to Act by Predicting the Future
cs.LG
We present an approach to sensorimotor control in immersive environments. Our approach utilizes a high-dimensional sensory stream and a lower-dimensional measurement stream. The cotemporal structure of these streams provides a rich supervisory signal, which enables training a sensorimotor control model by interacting w...
computer science
3,012
Learning to Navigate in Complex Environments
cs.AI
Learning to navigate in complex environments with dynamic elements is an important milestone in developing AI agents. In this work we formulate the navigation question as a reinforcement learning problem and show that data efficiency and task performance can be dramatically improved by relying on additional auxiliary t...
computer science
3,013
DeepSetNet: Predicting Sets with Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
This paper addresses the task of set prediction using deep learning. This is important because the output of many computer vision tasks, including image tagging and object detection, are naturally expressed as sets of entities rather than vectors. As opposed to a vector, the size of a set is not fixed in advance, and i...
computer science
3,014
Measuring and modeling the perception of natural and unconstrained gaze in humans and machines
cs.AI
Humans are remarkably adept at interpreting the gaze direction of other individuals in their surroundings. This skill is at the core of the ability to engage in joint visual attention, which is essential for establishing social interactions. How accurate are humans in determining the gaze direction of others in lifelik...
computer science
3,015
Understanding the Effective Receptive Field in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
We study characteristics of receptive fields of units in deep convolutional networks. The receptive field size is a crucial issue in many visual tasks, as the output must respond to large enough areas in the image to capture information about large objects. We introduce the notion of an effective receptive field, and s...
computer science
3,016
Deep Learning with Low Precision by Half-wave Gaussian Quantization
cs.CV
The problem of quantizing the activations of a deep neural network is considered. An examination of the popular binary quantization approach shows that this consists of approximating a classical non-linearity, the hyperbolic tangent, by two functions: a piecewise constant sign function, which is used in feedforward net...
computer science
3,017
Cognitive Mapping and Planning for Visual Navigation
cs.CV
We introduce a neural architecture for navigation in novel environments. Our proposed architecture learns to map from first-person views and plans a sequence of actions towards goals in the environment. The Cognitive Mapper and Planner (CMP) is based on two key ideas: a) a unified joint architecture for mapping and pla...
computer science
3,018
Regularizing Face Verification Nets For Pain Intensity Regression
cs.CV
Limited labeled data are available for the research of estimating facial expression intensities. For instance, the ability to train deep networks for automated pain assessment is limited by small datasets with labels of patient-reported pain intensities. Fortunately, fine-tuning from a data-extensive pre-trained domain...
computer science
3,019
DeepNAT: Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Segmenting Neuroanatomy
cs.CV
We introduce DeepNAT, a 3D Deep convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of NeuroAnaTomy in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. DeepNAT is an end-to-end learning-based approach to brain segmentation that jointly learns an abstract feature representation and a multi-class classification. We propose...
computer science
3,020
Learning Robot Activities from First-Person Human Videos Using Convolutional Future Regression
cs.RO
We design a new approach that allows robot learning of new activities from unlabeled human example videos. Given videos of humans executing the same activity from a human's viewpoint (i.e., first-person videos), our objective is to make the robot learn the temporal structure of the activity as its future regression net...
computer science
3,021
Deep Variation-structured Reinforcement Learning for Visual Relationship and Attribute Detection
cs.CV
Despite progress in visual perception tasks such as image classification and detection, computers still struggle to understand the interdependency of objects in the scene as a whole, e.g., relations between objects or their attributes. Existing methods often ignore global context cues capturing the interactions among d...
computer science
3,022
Interpretable Structure-Evolving LSTM
cs.CV
This paper develops a general framework for learning interpretable data representation via Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks over hierarchal graph structures. Instead of learning LSTM models over the pre-fixed structures, we propose to further learn the intermediate interpretable multi-level graph...
computer science
3,023
Deep Value Networks Learn to Evaluate and Iteratively Refine Structured Outputs
cs.LG
We approach structured output prediction by optimizing a deep value network (DVN) to precisely estimate the task loss on different output configurations for a given input. Once the model is trained, we perform inference by gradient descent on the continuous relaxations of the output variables to find outputs with promi...
computer science
3,024
Look into Person: Self-supervised Structure-sensitive Learning and A New Benchmark for Human Parsing
cs.CV
Human parsing has recently attracted a lot of research interests due to its huge application potentials. However existing datasets have limited number of images and annotations, and lack the variety of human appearances and the coverage of challenging cases in unconstrained environment. In this paper, we introduce a ne...
computer science
3,025
Recurrent Topic-Transition GAN for Visual Paragraph Generation
cs.CV
A natural image usually conveys rich semantic content and can be viewed from different angles. Existing image description methods are largely restricted by small sets of biased visual paragraph annotations, and fail to cover rich underlying semantics. In this paper, we investigate a semi-supervised paragraph generative...
computer science
3,026
InfoGAIL: Interpretable Imitation Learning from Visual Demonstrations
cs.LG
The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior without access to an explicit reward signal. Expert demonstrations provided by humans, however, often show significant variability due to latent factors that are typically not explicitly modeled. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that can infer the late...
computer science
3,027
Perception Driven Texture Generation
cs.CV
This paper investigates a novel task of generating texture images from perceptual descriptions. Previous work on texture generation focused on either synthesis from examples or generation from procedural models. Generating textures from perceptual attributes have not been well studied yet. Meanwhile, perceptual attribu...
computer science
3,028
LabelBank: Revisiting Global Perspectives for Semantic Segmentation
cs.CV
Semantic segmentation requires a detailed labeling of image pixels by object category. Information derived from local image patches is necessary to describe the detailed shape of individual objects. However, this information is ambiguous and can result in noisy labels. Global inference of image content can instead capt...
computer science
3,029
Adaptive Relaxed ADMM: Convergence Theory and Practical Implementation
cs.CV
Many modern computer vision and machine learning applications rely on solving difficult optimization problems that involve non-differentiable objective functions and constraints. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is a widely used approach to solve such problems. Relaxed ADMM is a generalization of ...
computer science
3,030
Semantically Consistent Regularization for Zero-Shot Recognition
cs.CV
The role of semantics in zero-shot learning is considered. The effectiveness of previous approaches is analyzed according to the form of supervision provided. While some learn semantics independently, others only supervise the semantic subspace explained by training classes. Thus, the former is able to constrain the wh...
computer science
3,031
Deep Face Deblurring
cs.CV
Blind deblurring consists a long studied task, however the outcomes of generic methods are not effective in real world blurred images. Domain-specific methods for deblurring targeted object categories, e.g. text or faces, frequently outperform their generic counterparts, hence they are attracting an increasing amount o...
computer science
3,032
Show, Adapt and Tell: Adversarial Training of Cross-domain Image Captioner
cs.CV
Impressive image captioning results are achieved in domains with plenty of training image and sentence pairs (e.g., MSCOCO). However, transferring to a target domain with significant domain shifts but no paired training data (referred to as cross-domain image captioning) remains largely unexplored. We propose a novel a...
computer science
3,033
TrajectoryNet: An Embedded GPS Trajectory Representation for Point-based Classification Using Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Understanding and discovering knowledge from GPS (Global Positioning System) traces of human activities is an essential topic in mobility-based urban computing. We propose TrajectoryNet-a neural network architecture for point-based trajectory classification to infer real world human transportation modes from GPS traces...
computer science
3,034
CORe50: a New Dataset and Benchmark for Continuous Object Recognition
cs.CV
Continuous/Lifelong learning of high-dimensional data streams is a challenging research problem. In fact, fully retraining models each time new data become available is infeasible, due to computational and storage issues, while na\"ive incremental strategies have been shown to suffer from catastrophic forgetting. In th...
computer science
3,035
Learning to see people like people
cs.CV
Humans make complex inferences on faces, ranging from objective properties (gender, ethnicity, expression, age, identity, etc) to subjective judgments (facial attractiveness, trustworthiness, sociability, friendliness, etc). While the objective aspects of face perception have been extensively studied, relatively fewer ...
computer science
3,036
Recurrent computations for visual pattern completion
cs.AI
Making inferences from partial information constitutes a critical aspect of cognition. During visual perception, pattern completion enables recognition of poorly visible or occluded objects. We combined psychophysics, physiology and computational models to test the hypothesis that pattern completion is implemented by r...
computer science
3,037
Training a Fully Convolutional Neural Network to Route Integrated Circuits
cs.CV
We present a deep, fully convolutional neural network that learns to route a circuit layout net with appropriate choice of metal tracks and wire class combinations. Inputs to the network are the encoded layouts containing spatial location of pins to be routed. After 15 fully convolutional stages followed by a score com...
computer science
3,038
Multimedia Semantic Integrity Assessment Using Joint Embedding Of Images And Text
cs.MM
Real world multimedia data is often composed of multiple modalities such as an image or a video with associated text (e.g. captions, user comments, etc.) and metadata. Such multimodal data packages are prone to manipulations, where a subset of these modalities can be altered to misrepresent or repurpose data packages, ...
computer science
3,039
CNN features are also great at unsupervised classification
cs.CV
This paper aims at providing insight on the transferability of deep CNN features to unsupervised problems. We study the impact of different pretrained CNN feature extractors on the problem of image set clustering for object classification as well as fine-grained classification. We propose a rather straightforward pipel...
computer science
3,040
Deformable Part-based Fully Convolutional Network for Object Detection
cs.CV
Existing region-based object detectors are limited to regions with fixed box geometry to represent objects, even if those are highly non-rectangular. In this paper we introduce DP-FCN, a deep model for object detection which explicitly adapts to shapes of objects with deformable parts. Without additional annotations, i...
computer science
3,041
Face Deidentification with Generative Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
Face deidentification is an active topic amongst privacy and security researchers. Early deidentification methods relying on image blurring or pixelization were replaced in recent years with techniques based on formal anonymity models that provide privacy guaranties and at the same time aim at retaining certain charact...
computer science
3,042
Photographic Image Synthesis with Cascaded Refinement Networks
cs.CV
We present an approach to synthesizing photographic images conditioned on semantic layouts. Given a semantic label map, our approach produces an image with photographic appearance that conforms to the input layout. The approach thus functions as a rendering engine that takes a two-dimensional semantic specification of ...
computer science
3,043
Learning Efficient Convolutional Networks through Network Slimming
cs.CV
The deployment of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many real world applications is largely hindered by their high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a novel learning scheme for CNNs to simultaneously 1) reduce the model size; 2) decrease the run-time memory footprint; and 3) lower the number of c...
computer science
3,044
Generating Visual Representations for Zero-Shot Classification
cs.CV
This paper addresses the task of learning an image clas-sifier when some categories are defined by semantic descriptions only (e.g. visual attributes) while the others are defined by exemplar images as well. This task is often referred to as the Zero-Shot classification task (ZSC). Most of the previous methods rely on ...
computer science
3,045
3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Depth View with Adversarial Learning
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel 3D-RecGAN approach, which reconstructs the complete 3D structure of a given object from a single arbitrary depth view using generative adversarial networks. Unlike the existing work which typically requires multiple views of the same object or class labels to recover the full 3D geomet...
computer science
3,046
Limiting the Reconstruction Capability of Generative Neural Network using Negative Learning
cs.CV
Generative models are widely used for unsupervised learning with various applications, including data compression and signal restoration. Training methods for such systems focus on the generality of the network given limited amount of training data. A less researched type of techniques concerns generation of only a sin...
computer science
3,047
Fine-tuning deep CNN models on specific MS COCO categories
cs.CV
Fine-tuning of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is often desired. This paper provides an overview of our publicly available py-faster-rcnn-ft software library that can be used to fine-tune the VGG_CNN_M_1024 model on custom subsets of the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) dataset. For example, we i...
computer science
3,048
Robust Emotion Recognition from Low Quality and Low Bit Rate Video: A Deep Learning Approach
cs.CV
Emotion recognition from facial expressions is tremendously useful, especially when coupled with smart devices and wireless multimedia applications. However, the inadequate network bandwidth often limits the spatial resolution of the transmitted video, which will heavily degrade the recognition reliability. We develop ...
computer science
3,049
Art of singular vectors and universal adversarial perturbations
cs.CV
Vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial attacks has been attracting a lot of attention in recent studies. It has been shown that for many state of the art DNNs performing image classification there exist universal adversarial perturbations --- image-agnostic perturbations mere addition of which to n...
computer science
3,050
Denoising Autoencoders for Overgeneralization in Neural Networks
cs.AI
Despite the recent developments that allowed neural networks to achieve impressive performance on a variety of applications, these models are intrinsically affected by the problem of overgeneralization, due to their partitioning of the full input space into the fixed set of target classes used during training. Thus it ...
computer science
3,051
One-Shot Visual Imitation Learning via Meta-Learning
cs.LG
In order for a robot to be a generalist that can perform a wide range of jobs, it must be able to acquire a wide variety of skills quickly and efficiently in complex unstructured environments. High-capacity models such as deep neural networks can enable a robot to represent complex skills, but learning each skill from ...
computer science
3,052
Convolutional neural networks that teach microscopes how to image
cs.CV
Deep learning algorithms offer a powerful means to automatically analyze the content of medical images. However, many biological samples of interest are primarily transparent to visible light and contain features that are difficult to resolve with a standard optical microscope. Here, we use a convolutional neural netwo...
computer science
3,053
Using Simulation and Domain Adaptation to Improve Efficiency of Deep Robotic Grasping
cs.LG
Instrumenting and collecting annotated visual grasping datasets to train modern machine learning algorithms can be extremely time-consuming and expensive. An appealing alternative is to use off-the-shelf simulators to render synthetic data for which ground-truth annotations are generated automatically. Unfortunately, m...
computer science
3,054
Dose Prediction with U-net: A Feasibility Study for Predicting Dose Distributions from Contours using Deep Learning on Prostate IMRT Patients
cs.AI
With the advancement of treatment modalities in radiation therapy, outcomes haves greatly improved, but at the cost of increased treatment plan complexity and planning time. The accurate prediction of dose distributions would alleviate this issue by guiding clinical plan optimization to save time and maintain high qual...
computer science
3,055
Are we Done with Object Recognition? The iCub robot's Perspective
cs.RO
We report on an extensive study of the current benefits and limitations of deep learning approaches to robot vision and introduce a novel dataset used for our investigation. To avoid the biases in currently available datasets, we consider a human-robot interaction setting to design a data-acquisition protocol for visua...
computer science
3,056
Projection Based Weight Normalization for Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Optimizing deep neural networks (DNNs) often suffers from the ill-conditioned problem. We observe that the scaling-based weight space symmetry property in rectified nonlinear network will cause this negative effect. Therefore, we propose to constrain the incoming weights of each neuron to be unit-norm, which is formula...
computer science
3,057
Multi-Task Domain Adaptation for Deep Learning of Instance Grasping from Simulation
cs.LG
Learning-based approaches to robotic manipulation are limited by the scalability of data collection and accessibility of labels. In this paper, we present a multi-task domain adaptation framework for instance grasping in cluttered scenes by utilizing simulated robot experiments. Our neural network takes monocular RGB i...
computer science
3,058
Max-Margin Invariant Features from Transformed Unlabeled Data
cs.LG
The study of representations invariant to common transformations of the data is important to learning. Most techniques have focused on local approximate invariance implemented within expensive optimization frameworks lacking explicit theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we study kernels that are invariant to a unitar...
computer science
3,059
Acquiring Target Stacking Skills by Goal-Parameterized Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.RO
Understanding physical phenomena is a key component of human intelligence and enables physical interaction with previously unseen environments. In this paper, we study how an artificial agent can autonomously acquire this intuition through interaction with the environment. We created a synthetic block stacking environm...
computer science
3,060
Ensembles of Multiple Models and Architectures for Robust Brain Tumour Segmentation
cs.CV
Deep learning approaches such as convolutional neural nets have consistently outperformed previous methods on challenging tasks such as dense, semantic segmentation. However, the various proposed networks perform differently, with behaviour largely influenced by architectural choices and training settings. This paper e...
computer science
3,061
CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulator
cs.LG
We introduce CARLA, an open-source simulator for autonomous driving research. CARLA has been developed from the ground up to support development, training, and validation of autonomous urban driving systems. In addition to open-source code and protocols, CARLA provides open digital assets (urban layouts, buildings, veh...
computer science
3,062
High-Order Attention Models for Visual Question Answering
cs.CV
The quest for algorithms that enable cognitive abilities is an important part of machine learning. A common trait in many recently investigated cognitive-like tasks is that they take into account different data modalities, such as visual and textual input. In this paper we propose a novel and generally applicable form ...
computer science
3,063
Machine Learning for the Geosciences: Challenges and Opportunities
cs.LG
Geosciences is a field of great societal relevance that requires solutions to several urgent problems facing our humanity and the planet. As geosciences enters the era of big data, machine learning (ML) -- that has been widely successful in commercial domains -- offers immense potential to contribute to problems in geo...
computer science
3,064
Spatio-Temporal Data Mining: A Survey of Problems and Methods
cs.LG
Large volumes of spatio-temporal data are increasingly collected and studied in diverse domains including, climate science, social sciences, neuroscience, epidemiology, transportation, mobile health, and Earth sciences. Spatio-temporal data differs from relational data for which computational approaches are developed i...
computer science
3,065
Loss Functions for Multiset Prediction
cs.LG
We study the problem of multiset prediction. The goal of multiset prediction is to train a predictor that maps an input to a multiset consisting of multiple items. Unlike existing problems in supervised learning, such as classification, ranking and sequence generation, there is no known order among items in a target mu...
computer science
3,066
CleanNet: Transfer Learning for Scalable Image Classifier Training with Label Noise
cs.CV
In this paper, we study the problem of learning image classification models with label noise. Existing approaches depending on human supervision are generally not scalable as manually identifying correct or incorrect labels is timeconsuming, whereas approaches not relying on human supervision are scalable but less effe...
computer science
3,067
Relating Input Concepts to Convolutional Neural Network Decisions
cs.LG
Many current methods to interpret convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use visualization techniques and words to highlight concepts of the input seemingly relevant to a CNN's decision. The methods hypothesize that the recognition of these concepts are instrumental in the decision a CNN reaches, but the nature of this r...
computer science
3,068
FearNet: Brain-Inspired Model for Incremental Learning
cs.LG
Incremental class learning involves sequentially learning classes in bursts of examples from the same class. This violates the assumptions that underlie methods for training standard deep neural networks, and will cause them to suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Arguably, the best method for incremental class learnin...
computer science
3,069
Compatibility Family Learning for Item Recommendation and Generation
cs.LG
Compatibility between items, such as clothes and shoes, is a major factor among customer's purchasing decisions. However, learning "compatibility" is challenging due to (1) broader notions of compatibility than those of similarity, (2) the asymmetric nature of compatibility, and (3) only a small set of compatible and i...
computer science
3,070
Adversarial Examples that Fool Detectors
cs.CV
An adversarial example is an example that has been adjusted to produce a wrong label when presented to a system at test time. To date, adversarial example constructions have been demonstrated for classifiers, but not for detectors. If adversarial examples that could fool a detector exist, they could be used to (for exa...
computer science
3,071
Learning Nested Sparse Structures in Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
Recently, there have been increasing demands to construct compact deep architectures to remove unnecessary redundancy and to improve the inference speed. While many recent works focus on reducing the redundancy by eliminating unneeded weight parameters, it is not possible to apply a single deep architecture for multipl...
computer science
3,072
RESIDE: A Benchmark for Single Image Dehazing
cs.CV
In this paper, we present a comprehensive study and evaluation of existing single image dehazing algorithms, using a new large-scale benchmark consisting of both synthetic and real-world hazy images, called REalistic Single Image DEhazing (RESIDE). RESIDE highlights diverse data sources and image contents, and is divid...
computer science
3,073
Visual Explanations from Hadamard Product in Multimodal Deep Networks
cs.CV
The visual explanation of learned representation of models helps to understand the fundamentals of learning. The attentional models of previous works used to visualize the attended regions over an image or text using their learned weights to confirm their intended mechanism. Kim et al. (2016) show that the Hadamard pro...
computer science
3,074
Combination of Hyperband and Bayesian Optimization for Hyperparameter Optimization in Deep Learning
cs.CV
Deep learning has achieved impressive results on many problems. However, it requires high degree of expertise or a lot of experience to tune well the hyperparameters, and such manual tuning process is likely to be biased. Moreover, it is not practical to try out as many different hyperparameter configurations in deep l...
computer science
3,075
Can Computers Create Art?
cs.AI
This essay discusses whether computers, using Artificial Intelligence (AI), could create art. The first part concerns AI-based tools for assisting with art making. The history of technologies that automated aspects of art is covered, including photography and animation. In each case, we see initial fears and denial of ...
computer science
3,076
Non-Parametric Transformation Networks
cs.CV
ConvNets, through their architecture, only enforce invariance to translation. In this paper, we introduce a new class of deep convolutional architectures called Non-Parametric Transformation Networks (NPTNs) which can learn \textit{general} invariances and symmetries directly from data. NPTNs are a natural generalizati...
computer science
3,077
A Classification Refinement Strategy for Semantic Segmentation
cs.CV
Based on the observation that semantic segmentation errors are partially predictable, we propose a compact formulation using confusion statistics of the trained classifier to refine (re-estimate) the initial pixel label hypotheses. The proposed strategy is contingent upon computing the classifier confusion probabilitie...
computer science
3,078
3D Object Dense Reconstruction from a Single Depth View
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel approach, 3D-RecGAN++, which reconstructs the complete 3D structure of a given object from a single arbitrary depth view using generative adversarial networks. Unlike existing work which typically requires multiple views of the same object or class labels to recover the full 3D geometr...
computer science
3,079
Intriguing Properties of Randomly Weighted Networks: Generalizing While Learning Next to Nothing
cs.LG
Training deep neural networks results in strong learned representations that show good generalization capabilities. In most cases, training involves iterative modification of all weights inside the network via back-propagation. In Extreme Learning Machines, it has been suggested to set the first layer of a network to f...
computer science
3,080
One-Shot Imitation from Observing Humans via Domain-Adaptive Meta-Learning
cs.LG
Humans and animals are capable of learning a new behavior by observing others perform the skill just once. We consider the problem of allowing a robot to do the same -- learning from a raw video pixels of a human, even when there is substantial domain shift in the perspective, environment, and embodiment between the ro...
computer science
3,081
Not-So-CLEVR: Visual Relations Strain Feedforward Neural Networks
cs.CV
The robust and efficient recognition of visual relations in images is a hallmark of biological vision. Here, we argue that, despite recent progress in visual recognition, modern machine vision algorithms are severely limited in their ability to learn visual relations. Through controlled experiments, we demonstrate that...
computer science
3,082
Local Contrast Learning
cs.LG
Learning a deep model from small data is yet an opening and challenging problem. We focus on one-shot classification by deep learning approach based on a small quantity of training samples. We proposed a novel deep learning approach named Local Contrast Learning (LCL) based on the key insight about a human cognitive be...
computer science
3,083
Challenging Images For Minds and Machines
cs.LG
There is no denying the tremendous leap in the performance of machine learning methods in the past half-decade. Some might even say that specific sub-fields in pattern recognition, such as machine-vision, are as good as solved, reaching human and super-human levels. Arguably, lack of training data and computation power...
computer science
3,084
Bridging Cognitive Programs and Machine Learning
cs.LG
While great advances are made in pattern recognition and machine learning, the successes of such fields remain restricted to narrow applications and seem to break down when training data is scarce, a shift in domain occurs, or when intelligent reasoning is required for rapid adaptation to new environments. In this work...
computer science
3,085
Explanations based on the Missing: Towards Contrastive Explanations with Pertinent Negatives
cs.AI
In this paper we propose a novel method that provides contrastive explanations justifying the classification of an input by a black box classifier such as a deep neural network. Given an input we find what should be minimally and sufficiently present (viz. important object pixels in an image) to justify its classificat...
computer science
3,086
Semi-parametric Topological Memory for Navigation
cs.LG
We introduce a new memory architecture for navigation in previously unseen environments, inspired by landmark-based navigation in animals. The proposed semi-parametric topological memory (SPTM) consists of a (non-parametric) graph with nodes corresponding to locations in the environment and a (parametric) deep network ...
computer science
3,087
Clustering with Simultaneous Local and Global View of Data: A message passing based approach
cs.LG
A good clustering algorithm should not only be able to discover clusters of arbitrary shapes (global view) but also provide additional information, which can be used to gain more meaningful insights into the internal structure of the clusters (local view). In this work we use the mathematical framework of factor graphs...
computer science
3,088
Learning to Cluster for Proposal-Free Instance Segmentation
cs.CV
This work proposed a novel learning objective to train a deep neural network to perform end-to-end image pixel clustering. We applied the approach to instance segmentation, which is at the intersection of image semantic segmentation and object detection. We utilize the most fundamental property of instance labeling -- ...
computer science
3,089
Stacked Cross Attention for Image-Text Matching
cs.CV
In this paper, we study the problem of image-text matching. Inferring the latent semantic alignment between objects or other salient stuffs (e.g. snow, sky, lawn) and the corresponding words in sentences allows to capture fine-grained interplay between vision and language, and makes image-text matching more interpretab...
computer science
3,090
Text2Shape: Generating Shapes from Natural Language by Learning Joint Embeddings
cs.CV
We present a method for generating colored 3D shapes from natural language. To this end, we first learn joint embeddings of freeform text descriptions and colored 3D shapes. Our model combines and extends learning by association and metric learning approaches to learn implicit cross-modal connections, and produces a jo...
computer science
3,091
Hierarchical Clustering for Finding Symmetries and Other Patterns in Massive, High Dimensional Datasets
stat.ML
Data analysis and data mining are concerned with unsupervised pattern finding and structure determination in data sets. "Structure" can be understood as symmetry and a range of symmetries are expressed by hierarchy. Such symmetries directly point to invariants, that pinpoint intrinsic properties of the data and of the ...
computer science
3,092
Clustering with Multi-Layer Graphs: A Spectral Perspective
cs.LG
Observational data usually comes with a multimodal nature, which means that it can be naturally represented by a multi-layer graph whose layers share the same set of vertices (users) with different edges (pairwise relationships). In this paper, we address the problem of combining different layers of the multi-layer gra...
computer science
3,093
Ground Metric Learning
stat.ML
Transportation distances have been used for more than a decade now in machine learning to compare histograms of features. They have one parameter: the ground metric, which can be any metric between the features themselves. As is the case for all parameterized distances, transportation distances can only prove useful in...
computer science
3,094
Sparse Image Representation with Epitomes
cs.LG
Sparse coding, which is the decomposition of a vector using only a few basis elements, is widely used in machine learning and image processing. The basis set, also called dictionary, is learned to adapt to specific data. This approach has proven to be very effective in many image processing tasks. Traditionally, the di...
computer science
3,095
Multi-criteria Anomaly Detection using Pareto Depth Analysis
cs.LG
We consider the problem of identifying patterns in a data set that exhibit anomalous behavior, often referred to as anomaly detection. In most anomaly detection algorithms, the dissimilarity between data samples is calculated by a single criterion, such as Euclidean distance. However, in many cases there may not exist ...
computer science
3,096
On the Lagrangian Biduality of Sparsity Minimization Problems
cs.CV
Recent results in Compressive Sensing have shown that, under certain conditions, the solution to an underdetermined system of linear equations with sparsity-based regularization can be accurately recovered by solving convex relaxations of the original problem. In this work, we present a novel primal-dual analysis on a ...
computer science
3,097
Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Learning for Automatic Image Annotation
cs.LG
Automatic image annotation (AIA) raises tremendous challenges to machine learning as it requires modeling of data that are both ambiguous in input and output, e.g., images containing multiple objects and labeled with multiple semantic tags. Even more challenging is that the number of candidate tags is usually huge (as ...
computer science
3,098
Automatic Tuning of Interactive Perception Applications
cs.LG
Interactive applications incorporating high-data rate sensing and computer vision are becoming possible due to novel runtime systems and the use of parallel computation resources. To allow interactive use, such applications require careful tuning of multiple application parameters to meet required fidelity and latency ...
computer science
3,099
Robust Nonnegative Matrix Factorization via $L_1$ Norm Regularization
cs.LG
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used technique in many applications such as face recognition, motion segmentation, etc. It approximates the nonnegative data in an original high dimensional space with a linear representation in a low dimensional space by using the product of two nonnegative matrices. ...
computer science