---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- image-segmentation
language:
- en
tags:
- sentinel-1
- sentinel-2
- remote-sensing
- earth-observation
- zarr
- geospatial
pretty_name: Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2 Land Cover Dataset (Zarr Format)
---
# Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2 Land Cover Dataset (Zarr Format)

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## Dataset Summary
This dataset contains land-cover labels derived from the [AI4LCC benchmark dataset](https://doi.theia.data-terra.org/ai4lcc/?lang=en) and corresponding Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery.
The original labels, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 were converted into Zarr format to enable efficient storage and scalable access for large geospatial datasets. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 image tiles corresponding to the label locations were added to create a paired dataset suitable for machine learning tasks such as land-cover classification and semantic segmentation.
The dataset is intended for research and development in remote sensing, Earth observation, and machine learning.

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## Dataset Details 

### Dataset Source
The label data originates from the AI4LCC benchmark dataset: [https://doi.theia.data-terra.org/ai4lcc/?lang=en](https://doi.theia.data-terra.org/ai4lcc/?lang=en)
The Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imageries were retrieved from Planetary Computer for the same spatial locations and time periods (along 2020) corresponding to the labels.


### Supported Tasks
The dataset can be used for:
- Land-cover classification
- Semantic segmentation
- Remote sensing representation learning
- Geospatial deep learning research

### Dataset Structure 
The dataset is stored in **Zarr format**, where each `.zarr` folder contains a single tile with Sentinel-1 bands (VH, VV), Sentinel-2, the corresponding label, and spatial coordinates. This format allows efficient storage and scalable access for large geospatial datasets.<br>

| Folder                                                         | Description                                                                                                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| S1S2_NA_AI4LCC_reduced2020_labelclass1_gapfilled               | Sentinel-1 data (VH, VV) and Sentinel-2 with the label (topolpoy level-1) which are merged into granule. Due to merging process of the lable patches, the merged label has horizontal and vertical artefact which later on this dataset it has been filled using majority voting in 3x3 kernel                                                                  |

Current available granules: 
- 30TXP, 30TXQ, 30TXR, 30TXS, 30TYP,
- 30TYQ, 30TYR, 31TCK, 31TCL, 31TCM,
- 31TDL, 31TDM
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│   └── B8A <br>
│   └── B09 <br>
│   └── B11 <br>
│   └── B12 <br>
│   └── label <br>
│   └── spatial_ref <br>
│   └── x <br>
│   └── y <br>
├── data1.zarr/ <br>
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### Dataset Creation
- Retrieving Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-3 imagery (2020) within ground-truth bounding boxes using the Planetary Computer API (sentinel-1-grd, and sentinel-2-l2a) and odc-stac 
- Generating annual composites using median reduction with Xarray 
- Simplifying the original 14 land-cover classes into 5 classes as in Table 1 ref [Wenger et al., 2022](https://www.germain-forestier.info/publis/isprs2022.pdf)
- Combining imagery and labels
<p align="center">
<img src="images/typology_AI4LCC.png" alt="typology" width="400">
</p>

### Intended Use
This dataset is intended for:
- machine learning research
- benchmarking remote sensing models
- land-cover classification studies
- geospatial AI experimentation
It may also serve as a benchmark dataset for scalable data pipelines using Zarr.

### Limitations
Potential limitations include:
- Temporal mismatch between label creation and satellite acquisition
- Spatial resolution differences between label sources and imagery
- Class imbalance in land-cover categories
  
Users should validate dataset suitability for their specific application.

### Licensing and Attribution
The label data originates from the AI4LCC benchmark dataset.
Users must comply with the licensing terms of the original dataset.
If using this dataset, please also cite the original AI4LCC dataset: [https://doi.theia.data-terra.org/ai4lcc/?lang=en](https://doi.theia.data-terra.org/ai4lcc/?lang=en)

## Acknowledgements
This dataset builds upon the AI4LCC benchmark dataset and publicly available Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery.