'Retirement' Edition</nowiki>\", consisting of six discs (five CD-DA and one DVD-ROM). It incorporated the missing tracks from the trilogy release. In 2017, a sequel to \"Blade Runner\" was released, \"Blade Runner 2049\". Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch collaborated on the \"Blade Runner 2049\" score, and the original \"Blade Runner\" soundtrack served as inspiration for their work. The composers included a Yamaha CS-80 analog synthesizer among the instruments in an effort to maintain stylistic continuity with Vangelis's original 1982 film score. Zimmer said of the soundtrack: \"Ridley [Scott] is a hard act to follow – as is Vangelis. While","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20442647","text":"film \"needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\". New composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch joined in July 2017. In September, Jóhannsson's agent confirmed that he was no longer involved and that he was contractually forbidden from commenting on the situation. According to Epic Records, Zimmer and Wallfisch sought to continue the legacy of the original \"Blade Runner\" score by incorporating the Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer. Zimmer has said of the soundtrack: \"First of all, I realized that Denis [Villeneuve] is a director who has a vision; he has a voice. Remember, I've","title":"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)"},{"id":"17402008","text":"IMAX usually uses with films not shot with IMAX cameras. Rapper-producer El-P said he was asked to compose music for the first \"Blade Runner 2049\" trailer, but his score was \"rejected or ignored\". Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \"Prisoners\", \"Sicario\" and \"Arrival\", was initially announced as composer for the film. However, Villeneuve and Jóhann decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve thought the film \"needed something different\", and also that he \"needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\". Composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch joined the project in July 2017. In September, Jóhann's agent","title":"Blade Runner 2049"},{"id":"2749209","text":"the 89th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing. It was also awarded the Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 2017. In February 2015, it was announced that Villeneuve would direct \"Blade Runner 2049\", the sequel to Ridley Scott's \"Blade Runner\" (1982). Scott served as the film's executive producer on behalf of Warner Bros. It was released on October 6, 2017 to overwhelming critical acclaim despite middling box office returns. Villeneuve is set to direct the adaptation of","title":"Denis Villeneuve"},{"id":"1389421","text":"main theme for the 2016 BBC nature documentary \"Planet Earth II\", presented by David Attenborough. Zimmer composed the main theme for the 2016 Netflix production \"The Crown\". He also composed the score for Christopher Nolan's 2017 film \"Dunkirk\", basing part of the score on a recording of a ticking watch that he had been given by Nolan. Zimmer also worked on the score for \"Blade Runner 2049\". Hans Zimmer and co-composer Benjamin Wallfisch took over scoring duties after Jóhann Jóhannsson left the project. On 1 November 2017, it was announced that he will return to score the upcoming 2019 CGI","title":"Hans Zimmer"},{"id":"20442646","text":"film score for \"Blade Runner 2049\", and he was commissioned to write a short score for the film's first trailer. Conscious of the legacy of Vangelis's score for the original 1982 film, El-P's composition made use of a Yamaha CS-80 analog synthesizer, an instrument used by Vangelis. However, El-P's music was not used in the end, and he has stated that his score was \"rejected or ignored\". Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \"Prisoners\", \"Sicario\", and \"Arrival\", was initially announced as composer for the film. However, Villeneuve and Jóhannsson decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve felt the","title":"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)"},{"id":"13659097","text":"The agreement also allowed Warner Bros. to co-finance certain pictures with Alcon. Alcon and Warner Bros. signed a new agreement in February 2006, continuing their eight-year relationship, under which Warner Bros. would continue to distribute feature films developed and financed by Alcon. In 2014, Alcon partnered with Sleeping Giant Media to form ASG Music Group. ASG is a full service music company and record label. In 2017, ASG released the Blade Runner 2049 soundtrack, produced by Grammy nominated producer Michael Hodges, Kayla Morrison and Ashley Culp, with Epic Records. The Album reached #1 on the \"Billboard\" Soundtrack Sales Charts. Alcon","title":"Alcon Entertainment"},{"id":"5195210","text":"Blade Runner (soundtrack) Blade Runner is a soundtrack composed by Greek electronic composer Vangelis for Ridley Scott's 1982 film \"Blade Runner\". It is mostly a dark, melodic combination of classical composition and synthesizers which mirrors the futuristic film noir envisioned by Scott. The original soundtrack release was delayed for over a decade, until 1994, despite the music being well-received by fans and critically acclaimed—it was nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe as best original score. The soundtrack is regarded as a historically important piece in the genre of electronic music. Since the premiere of the film, two","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20442648","text":"done a lot of movies with Ridley Scott. So, it was important that this was an autonomous piece of work. Let's just be honest. Ridley is a hard act to follow—as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\" The soundtrack album was released online on October 5, 2017, and a two-disc CD version was released on the Epic Records label in the United States on","title":"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)"},{"id":"5195224","text":"Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\" The sequel score includes a fairly faithful remake of the original \"Tears in Rain\" (retitled \"Tears in the Rain\"), and borrows many musical cues from the original Vangelis score throughout, including its frequent use of pitch bending. </div> Blade Runner (soundtrack) Blade Runner is a soundtrack composed by Greek electronic composer Vangelis for Ridley Scott's 1982 film \"Blade Runner\". It is","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"45482","text":"score for \"Chariots of Fire\", composed and performed the music on his synthesizers. He also made use of various chimes and the vocals of collaborator Demis Roussos. Another memorable sound is the haunting tenor sax solo \"Love Theme\" by British saxophonist Dick Morrissey, who performed on many of Vangelis's albums. Ridley Scott also used \"Memories of Green\" from the Vangelis album \"See You Later, \"an orchestral version of which Scott would later use in his film \"Someone to Watch Over Me\". Along with Vangelis' compositions and ambient textures, the film's soundscape also features a track by the Japanese ensemble Nipponia","title":"Blade Runner"},{"id":"20328140","text":"honest. Ridley is a hard act to follow—as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\" The \"Blade Runner 2049\" soundtrack was released on October 5, 2017 and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. Before filming of \"Blade Runner\" began, \"Cinefantastique\" magazine commissioned Paul M. Sammon to write an article about \"Blade Runner\"s production. This","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"20005523","text":"Benjamin Wallfisch Benjamin Mark Lasker Wallfisch (born 7 August 1979) is an English composer, conductor, and pianist. Since the mid-2000s, he has composed and contributed to music for over 60 feature films. His compositions include original scores for \"A Cure For Wellness\", \"Hidden Figures\", \"Lights Out\", \"Desert Dancer\", \"It\", and \"Blade Runner 2049\". In 2017, he was jointly nominated with Pharrell Williams and Hans Zimmer for Best Original Score at the 74th Golden Globe Awards for his work on \"Hidden Figures\". In 2014, Wallfisch was appointed an Associate of the Royal Academy of Music, London. He is also a member","title":"Benjamin Wallfisch"},{"id":"17401991","text":"humans and replicants. Principal photography took place between July and November 2016, mainly in Budapest, Hungary. \"Blade Runner 2049\" premiered in Los Angeles on October 3, 2017 and was released in the United States in 2D, 3D and IMAX on October 6, 2017. The film was praised by critics for its performances, direction, cinematography, musical score, production design, visual effects, and faithfulness to the original film. It is considered by many critics and audiences to be one of the best films of 2017. Despite positive reviews, the film was a box office disappointment, grossing $259 million worldwide. \"Blade Runner 2049\"","title":"Blade Runner 2049"},{"id":"17401990","text":"Blade Runner 2049 Blade Runner 2049 is a 2017 American neo-noir science fiction film directed by Denis Villeneuve and written by Hampton Fancher and Michael Green. A sequel to the 1982 film \"Blade Runner\", the film stars Ryan Gosling and Harrison Ford, with Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks, Robin Wright, Mackenzie Davis, Carla Juri, Lennie James, Dave Bautista, and Jared Leto in supporting roles. Ford and Edward James Olmos reprise their roles from the original film. Set thirty years after the first film, Gosling plays K, a blade runner who uncovers a secret that threatens to instigate a war between","title":"Blade Runner 2049"},{"id":"20442645","text":"Villeneuve, it stars Ryan Gosling and Harrison Ford, Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks and Jared Leto. Set thirty years after the original film, the story depicts a bioengineered human, a replicant blade runner named K, who discovers the remains of a once-pregnant replicant. To prevent a possible war between replicants and humans, K is secretly tasked with finding the child and destroying all evidence related to it. The soundtrack was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. Warner Bros. reportedly considered engaging the rapper and music producer El-P to write the","title":"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)"},{"id":"19955601","text":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)"},{"id":"20328138","text":"Trilogy\", the first disc contains the same tracks as the 1994 official soundtrack release, the second features previously unreleased music from the film, and the third disc is all newly composed music from Vangelis, inspired by, and in the spirit of the film. Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \"Prisoners\", \"Sicario\", and \"Arrival\", was initially announced as composer for \"Blade Runner 2049\". However, Villeneuve and Jóhannsson decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve felt the film \"needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\". New composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"4641130","text":"decided that the music needed a change in direction. In describing the artistic process for \"Blade Runner 2049\", Villeneuve stated that \"the movie needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis. Jóhann and I decided that I will need to go in another direction.\" Villeneuve brought in Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch to complete the project. Jóhann's work on James Marsh's \"The Theory of Everything\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 2015 Academy Awards and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. His final works were","title":"Jóhann Jóhannsson"},{"id":"20546110","text":"Michael Hodges (producer) Michael Hodges is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, executive music producer and music executive best known for his work in music for film and television most notably on \"Blade Runner 2049\" (2017), \"Point Break\" (2015) and \"The Expanse\" (2015–present). He received two Grammy nominations for songwriting and producing \"We Only Have Tonight\" performed by Reik from the film \"No Manches Frida\". In 2017, Hodges was an executive music producer on \"Blade Runner 2049\", produced the \"Blade Runner 2049\" soundtrack and co-wrote and produced the only original song on the album \"Almost Human\" performed by Lauren Daigle.","title":"Michael Hodges (producer)"},{"id":"20172790","text":"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack) Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score album for the 2017 . The music is arranged, composed and written by Geoff Zanelli. The album was released on May 26, 2017 by Walt Disney Records. For the first time in the series since \"\" (2003) (which he co-wrote with Klaus Badelt), Hans Zimmer is not composing the music for the film. Instead, Geoff Zanelli, who worked on all previous four installments in the franchise, is the main composer for the film. Zanelli","title":"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)"},{"id":"45483","text":"– \"Ogi no Mato\" or \"The Folding Fan as a Target\" from the Nonesuch Records release \"Traditional Vocal and Instrumental Music\" – and a track by harpist Gail Laughton from \"Harps of the Ancient Temples\" on Laurel Records. Despite being well received by fans and critically acclaimed and nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe as best original score, and the promise of a soundtrack album from Polydor Records in the end titles of the film, the release of the official soundtrack recording was delayed for over a decade. There are two official releases of the music from","title":"Blade Runner"},{"id":"20328135","text":"on many of Vangelis's albums. Ridley Scott also used \"Memories of Green\" from the Vangelis album \"See You Later, \"an orchestral version of which Scott would later use in his film \"Someone to Watch Over Me\". Along with Vangelis' compositions and ambient textures, the film's soundscape also features a track by the Japanese ensemble Nipponia – \"Ogi No Mato\" or \"The Folding Fan as a Target\" from the Nonesuch Records release \"Traditional Vocal and Instrumental Music\" – and a track by harpist Gail Laughton from \"Harps of the Ancient Temples\" on Laurel Records. Despite being well received by fans and","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"20862894","text":"Tomb Raider (soundtrack) Tomb Raider – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2018 film of the same name, based on the 2013 video game of the same name by Crystal Dynamics. The music was composed by Tom Holkenborg and was recorded at AIR Studios in London. The soundtrack was released digitally on 9 March 2018 by Sony Classical Records with the vinyl being released on 24 August 2018. Tom Holkenborg signed on as the film's composer after being removed from Justice League in which Danny Elfman took over. On creating the sound for Tomb Raider, Holkenborg","title":"Tomb Raider (soundtrack)"},{"id":"16597415","text":"that Canadian Director Denis Villeneuve will be directing the sequel, and on February 28, 2015 it was confirmed that Harrison Ford will reprise his role as Rick Deckard, with Ryan Gosling in talks to star in the remake. On May 21, 2015, award-winning Cinematographer Roger Deakins joined the Blade Runner sequel, which is rumored to be named 'Android Dream'. Other cast include Robin Wright, Dave Bautista, Jared Leto, Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks, Carla Juri and Mackenzie Davis. The film will be released on October 6, 2017, and it was recently announced that the official title will be \"Blade Runner","title":"Thunderbird Entertainment"},{"id":"16597414","text":"two started streaming on November 18, and features artists such as Aloe Blacc, Rod Stewart and Jennifer Hudson. Thunderbird Entertainment owns a 50 percent stake in the \"Blade Runner\" franchise and will be an active partner in the new \"Blade Runner\" feature film, with CEO Tim Gamble and Frank Giustra will serve as Executive Producers. It was announced on August 18, 2011 that Ridley Scott has signed on to direct and produce the new installment of \"Blade Runner\" and that the original screenwriter, Hampton Fancher is in talks to pen the untitled sequel. On February 27, 2015 it was announced","title":"Thunderbird Entertainment"},{"id":"5195214","text":"consisting mainly of stills from the film. On page 3 there is a list of credits and the following by Vangelis: While most of the tracks on the album are from the film, a number were composed by Vangelis but were ultimately not used in the film itself. Other compositions that appear in the film were not included on this release. Three of the tracks (\"Main Titles\", \"Blush Response\", and \"Tears in Rain\") feature samples of dialogue from the film. Tracks 1 through 4 are mixed together as a seamless piece; tracks 5 through 7 have silence between them, and","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"444688","text":"scores for \"Blade Runner\" and \"Chariots of Fire\" for their list of the 25 greatest film scores. Vangelis Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (born 29 March 1943), known professionally as Vangelis (; ), is a Greek composer of electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral music. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning score for the film \"Chariots of Fire\", also composing scores for the films \"Blade Runner\", \"Missing\", \"Antarctica\", \"The Bounty\", \"\", and \"Alexander\", and the use of his music in the PBS documentary \"\" by Carl Sagan. Vangelis began his career working with several popular bands of the 1960s such","title":"Vangelis"},{"id":"10013012","text":"Twitter, Ellison praised Shudder, explaining he found it to be a suitable home for the film's release. On November 2, 2017, Ellison released a music video for a new song of his, \"Post Requisite\", and is \"currently finishing his next studio album on Warp”. He also wrote the soundtrack for the 2017 short film \"Blade Runner Black Out 2022\". Flying Lotus has stated that he is influenced by Madlib, Herbie Hancock, MF DOOM, his great aunt Alice Coltrane, his great uncle John Coltrane, Miles Davis, and J Dilla. He is known for his experimental hip hop, alternative hip hop, and","title":"Flying Lotus"},{"id":"6685735","text":"was released in the summer of 2014 under his artist name \"Madsonik\". The track went on to peak at No. 2 on the iTunes hip-hop singles charts and has sold over 500,000 copies. On October 12, 2016, he was hired to write and compose the musical score for the 2017 action-adventure film \"\". He has also contributed to the soundtrack by his stage name Madsonik in a collaboration with Tom Morello and Kill The Noise entitled \"Divebomb\". On March 2, 2018, he announced on Twitter that he had been hired by Formula One to write a brand new theme that","title":"Brian Tyler"},{"id":"20328139","text":"joined in July 2017. In September, Jóhannsson's agent confirmed that he was no longer involved and that he was contractually forbidden from commenting on the situation. According to Epic Records, Zimmer and Wallfisch sought to continue the legacy of the original \"Blade Runner\" score by incorporating the Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer. Zimmer has said of the soundtrack: \"First of all, I realized that Denis [Villeneuve] is a director who has a vision; he has a voice. Remember, I've done a lot of movies with Ridley Scott. So, it was important that this was an autonomous piece of work. Let's just be","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"343953","text":"on 2 October 2015. \"The Martian\" was a critical and commercial success, grossed over $630 million worldwide, becoming Scott's highest-grossing film to date. A sequel to \"Prometheus\", \"\", started filming in 2016, premiered in London on 4 May 2017, and received general release on 19 May 2017. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Michael Fassbender's dual performance and calling the film a return to form for both director Ridley Scott and the franchise. In August 2011, information leaked about production of a sequel to \"Blade Runner\" by Alcon Entertainment, with Alcon partners Broderick Johnson and","title":"Ridley Scott"},{"id":"18406643","text":"again in early 2017. In October 2016, Daigle released her first Christmas album, \"Behold: A Christmas Collection\", and reached No. 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200. In 2017, she was featured in the song \"Hard Love\" by Needtobreathe for \"The Shack\". Daigle co-wrote and performed \"Almost Human\", the only original song, on the \"Blade Runner 2049\" soundtrack. The album, produced by Michael Hodges, Kayla Morrison and Ashley Culp, reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Soundtrack Sales Charts. Lauren Daigle Lauren Ashley Daigle (born September 9, 1991) is an American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter from Lafayette, Louisiana. Daigle is signed","title":"Lauren Daigle"},{"id":"19700177","text":"but after they were \"heavily affected\" digitally. Robert Lydecker replaced Morris as composer for the second season. In February 2017, Paesano was announced as returning to compose for the miniseries \"The Defenders\". At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, Loeb announced Sean Callery as the composer for \"Inhumans\". In April 2017, Tyler Bates was announced as the composer for \"The Punisher\". In May 2017, Siddhartha Khosla was hired to compose the music for \"Runaways\". Mark Isham announced in May 2017 that he would compose the music for \"Cloak & Dagger\". After Marvel Entertainment was bought by the Walt Disney Company and","title":"Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe"},{"id":"5195212","text":"made in 2007 includes a disc of new music inspired by the film. \"Memories of Green\" originally featured on Vangelis' 1980 album, \"See You Later\". The first official release (on LP, tape and CD) was a reinterpretation by the New American Orchestra in 1982. Billed as an \"orchestral adaptation of music composed for the motion picture by Vangelis\", this release consisted of jazz-inspired, orchestrated renditions of the major tracks from the film, but not the original score tracks. In 1989, Vangelis released \"Themes\", a compilation album featuring unreleased music from several of his film scores, as well as material from","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"19042796","text":"be digitally inked & painted. Character designer James Woods and animator James Baxter also helped redesign the penguins from the first film. All of the hand-drawn animation was created by Duncan's animation studio, Duncan Studio, in Pasadena, California. The music and score for the film was composed by Marc Shaiman, with song lyrics written by Scott Wittman and Shaiman. The complete soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 7, 2018. The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 25, 2018. However, in July 2018, it was moved up to December 19, 2018. On March 4,","title":"Mary Poppins Returns"},{"id":"444646","text":"Vangelis Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (born 29 March 1943), known professionally as Vangelis (; ), is a Greek composer of electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral music. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning score for the film \"Chariots of Fire\", also composing scores for the films \"Blade Runner\", \"Missing\", \"Antarctica\", \"The Bounty\", \"\", and \"Alexander\", and the use of his music in the PBS documentary \"\" by Carl Sagan. Vangelis began his career working with several popular bands of the 1960s such as the Forminx and Aphrodite's Child, with the latter's album \"666\" going on to be recognized as","title":"Vangelis"},{"id":"17402009","text":"confirmed that he was no longer involved and was contractually forbidden from commenting. The musical cue during the final scene is a call back to the \"Time to die\" scene from \"Blade Runner\", a reference to the death of Roy Batty. \"Blade Runner 2049\" premiered on October 3, 2017 at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, although following the 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting, the red carpet events were cancelled prior to the screening. It was the opening feature at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in Montreal the following day. It also was premiered in Switzerland at the Zurich Film","title":"Blade Runner 2049"},{"id":"1360435","text":"by Kobe Bryant. Williams wrote the music for \"\", the eighth episode of the saga, released on December 15, 2017, and is presumed to be working on \"Star Wars Episode IX\". Also in 2017, he composed the score for Steven Spielberg's drama film \"The Post\". Williams contributed \"The Adventures of Han\" for the 2018 standalone \"Star Wars\" film \"\" while John Powell wrote the film's original score. Williams is also currently attached to score the fifth Indiana Jones film. A three-disc box set compilation of all of Williams' musical scores for Steven Spielberg's films, titled \"John Williams & Steven Spielberg:","title":"John Williams"},{"id":"19955602","text":"Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three","title":"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)"},{"id":"20328134","text":"or events of the 1982 film. On February 7, 2010, it was announced that production on \"Purefold\" had ceased, due to funding problems. The \"Blade Runner\" soundtrack by Vangelis is a dark melodic combination of classic composition and futuristic synthesizers which mirrors the film-noir retro-future envisioned by Ridley Scott. Vangelis, fresh from his Academy Award-winning score for \"Chariots of Fire\", composed and performed the music on his synthesizers. He also made use of various chimes and the vocals of collaborator Demis Roussos. Another memorable sound is the haunting tenor sax solo \"Love Theme\" by British saxophonist Dick Morrissey, who performed","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"20482719","text":"playback singers such as Armaan Malik, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Sunidhi Chauhan and Monali Thakur. Background score of the film is composed by Shantanu Moitra who also provided music for three tracks on the film's soundtrack album. It was released on 28 March 2018 by Zee Music Company and generally received positive response from the critics. The album consists of five tracks whose lyrics are penned by Abhiruchi Chand, Tanveer Ghazi and Swanand Kirkire. Lyrics for first track are written by Abhiruchi Chand, second and third by Tanveer Ghazi and fourth by Swanand Kirkire. As of 10 May 2018, \"October\"","title":"October (2018 film)"},{"id":"13144333","text":"Theo Green Theo Green is an award-winning film composer and sound designer, known for his music for \"The Gambler\", \"House at the End of the Street\", and his Academy Award nominated sound design for Blade Runner 2049. Green was in the New College Choir as a chorister of New College School in Oxford and later studied at Abingdon School and the Courtauld Institute of Art, London. 2008's BAFTA and BIFA-winning \"The Escapist\" was Green's first feature, as sound designer and additional composer, having collaborated with director Rupert Wyatt previously on the short film, \"Get The Picture\". In 2009 Theo Green","title":"Theo Green"},{"id":"18125750","text":"e\" under conductor André de Ridder. Additional licensed music includes \"Become Ocean\", the Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Award-winning work of John Luther Adams as recorded by the Seattle Symphony with conductor Ludovic Morlot and an excerpt of \"Jetsun Mila\" from French musician and composer Eliane Radigue. A soundtrack album was released digitally on December 25, 2015, and on CD on January 8, 2016. Milan Records will release a vinyl pressing of the soundtrack in April 2016. The score by Sakamoto and Noto was ruled ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 2016 Oscars as it was","title":"The Revenant (2015 film)"},{"id":"20079547","text":"Nutcracker Suite\" from 1892 by James Newton Howard, updating the original and adding new tracks as well. For the recording, Gustavo Dudamel conducted the London Philharmonia Orchestra, while Lang Lang was the piano soloist. Andrea Bocelli and his son Matteo contributed the original duet \"Fall on Me\" for the film, which premiered on \"Dancing with the Stars\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> \"Disney Night\" on October 22, 2018. The soundtrack was released on October 26, 2018. \"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\" was released on November 2, 2018 in 2D and Real D 3D by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, replacing the original date set","title":"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms"},{"id":"20084381","text":"Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as","title":"Days in the Sun"},{"id":"20172793","text":"introduce a whole new horde of fans to this sound and universe.\" Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack) Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score album for the 2017 . The music is arranged, composed and written by Geoff Zanelli. The album was released on May 26, 2017 by Walt Disney Records. For the first time in the series since \"\" (2003) (which he co-wrote with Klaus Badelt), Hans Zimmer is not composing the music for the film. Instead, Geoff Zanelli, who worked on all previous four","title":"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20328136","text":"critically acclaimed and nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe for Best Original Score, and the promise of a soundtrack album from Polydor Records in the end titles of the film, the release of the official soundtrack recording was delayed for over a decade. There are two official releases of the music from \"Blade Runner\". In light of the lack of a release of an album, the New American Orchestra recorded an orchestral adaptation in 1982 which bore little resemblance to the original. Some of the film tracks would, in 1989, surface on the compilation \"Vangelis: Themes\", but","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"18293479","text":"of films announced after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012. It was produced by Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman, with \"Force Awakens\" director J. J. Abrams as an executive producer. John Williams, composer for the previous films, returned to compose the score. A number of scenes were filmed at Skellig Michael in Ireland during pre-production in September 2015, but principal photography began at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom in February 2016, and ended in July 2016. Post-production wrapped in September 2017. \"The Last Jedi\" had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 9, 2017, and","title":"Star Wars: The Last Jedi"},{"id":"16053933","text":"Annual Grammy Awards. Anderson-Lopez and her husband will be writing the music for the sequel, \"Frozen 2\". Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez again collaborated in writing songs and lyrics for the 2017 Pixar film \"Coco\", for which she won for an Annie Award for Music in a Feature Production. She also won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"Remember Me\" at the 90th Academy Awards. Kristen Anderson-Lopez Kristen Anderson-Lopez (born March 21, 1972) is an American songwriter. She is best known for co-writing the songs for the 2013 animated film \"Frozen\" with her husband Robert Lopez.","title":"Kristen Anderson-Lopez"},{"id":"19922917","text":"refused the offer, but accepted after months of requests from Guadagnino. Much of the score was completed prior to the film shoot, which afforded Guadagnino the opportunity to play the musical score on set during filming. Yorke cited inspiration from the 1982 \"Blade Runner\" soundtrack, musique concrète artists such as Pierre Henry, modern electronic artists such as James Holden, and music from the film's 1977 Berlin setting, such as krautrock. He said: \"There's a way of repeating in music that can hypnotise. I kept thinking to myself that it's a form of making spells. So when I was working in","title":"Suspiria (2018 film)"},{"id":"5195218","text":"the rest of the film. Other synthesisers employed by Vangelis included four Roland instruments: the ProMars, the Jupiter-4, the CR-5000 drum machine, and the VP-330 Vocoder Plus; a Sequential Circuits Prophet-10; a Yamaha GS1 FM synthesizer; and an E-mu Emulator sampler. A Steinway grand piano, a Yamaha CP-80 electric grand and a modified Fender Rhodes were also used. He also utilised a variety of traditional instruments, including, gamelan, glockenspiel, gong, snare drum, timpani and tubular bells. The delays and poor reproductions of the \"Blade Runner\" score led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20875398","text":"was approached to score the 1999 film \"Fight Club\", but declined as he was recovering from the stress of promoting Radiohead's album \"OK Computer\". Yorke initially refused the \"Suspiria\" offer, but accepted after months of requests from the director, Luca Guadagnino. Yorke decided it would be pointless to replicate or reference the soundtrack of the original \"Suspiria\" by Goblin. Instead, he cited inspiration from the 1982 \"Blade Runner\" soundtrack, musique concrète artists such as Pierre Henry, modern electronic artists such as James Holden, and music from the film's 1977 Berlin setting, including krautrock acts such as Faust and Can. The","title":"Suspiria (2018 soundtrack)"},{"id":"3095124","text":"Spider-Man trilogy \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\". He was the primary composer for the 2015 film \"\" and the 2016 film \"Deadpool\", and was co-composer for the film \"\", along with Zimmer. Holkenborg's theme music for \"Wonder Woman\" was used in the film of the same name. Zimmer was replaced by Junkie XL to write and compose the music for \"Justice League\" releasing in 2017. Holkenborg was later replaced by Danny Elfman, brought up by Joss Whedon. On 8 December 2017 Holkenborg was revealed to be composing the score for the 2018 film \"\", based on the manga \"Battle Angel Alita\"","title":"Junkie XL"},{"id":"20969728","text":"artist ScHoolboy, 2 Chainz and Eearz, shortly after a new trailer for the film was released. A second single, \"The Mantra\", is a collaboration with Pharrell and Kendrick Lamar and was released on November 14, 2018. On November 6, 2018 via Instagram, Mike Will announced the album listening party hosted by him. In a statement about the soundtrack, Mike Will said: Notes Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 2018 film \"Creed II\", composed by Ludwig Göransson. It was released on November 16, 2018 through Sony Classical Records. Creed II (soundtrack) The 2018 American sports","title":"Creed II (soundtrack)"},{"id":"18391994","text":"installment. Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City. Brian Tyler, who scored the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh installments, was tapped to compose the film score for the eighth picture. A soundtrack album by Atlantic Records was released on April 14, 2017, coinciding with the film's US theatrical release. The film's score album was released on April 27, by Back Lot Music. \"The Fate of the Furious\" had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX","title":"The Fate of the Furious"},{"id":"18366435","text":"to score both \"Infinity War\" and \"Endgame\". Silvestri started to record his score in January 2018, and concluded in late March. Silvestri felt working on the film \"was a really different experience than anything I'd done before, especially in regard to the approach and balancing quick shifts in tone\". Ludwig Göransson's theme from \"Black Panther\" is also used in the film. Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released the soundtrack album digitally on April 27, 2018, with a release on physical formats following on May 18. Two versions were released, a regular and deluxe edition, with the deluxe edition featuring some","title":"Avengers: Infinity War"},{"id":"19273469","text":"Crow, Joe Cocker, Eric Clapton, Jewel, Butthole Surfers, Green Day (including their Grammy Record of the Year \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\"), among others. Additionally, Image Recording mixed the music for many hit Hollywood movies including \"Lethal Weapon\" and \"The Hunt for Red October\". Among other engineering projects at Image Recording, Maslin worked on tracks for Jennifer Warren and Leonard Cohen, as well as Michael Jackson’s album \"HIStory\". Because of his broad range of knowledge and experience, Maslin has also served as a consultant for studio builders, equipment manufacturers, engineers, producers, A&R personnel and music supervisors. In 2005, Image Recording closed.","title":"Harry Maslin"},{"id":"45446","text":"games, anime, and television series. It brought the work of Philip K. Dick to the attention of Hollywood, and several later big-budget films were based on his work. In the year after its release, \"Blade Runner\" won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, and in 1993 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". A sequel, \"Blade Runner 2049\", was released in October 2017. Seven versions of \"Blade Runner\" exist as a result of controversial changes made at the request of studio executives. A","title":"Blade Runner"},{"id":"11269533","text":"Simons, Frank Stallone, Fourever1, Marvin Gaye III, Ava Gold, Fanita James, JJ Totah, Robert Eibach, Christina Gaudet, and Florence LaRue. \"El Viaje\", Longoria's international instrumental album, was officially released on May 15, 2017. In October 2017 American rock band Smash Mouth released their 20th Anniversary of their hit \"Walkin' on the Sun\" with the Robert Eibach remix featuring Longoria's trumpet solo. The single peaked at No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Club Play chart. Longoria composed and performed the theme song for the movie \"Bloodline: Now Or Never\" called \"Now Or Never\" featuring April Diamond. The music was co-written and produced","title":"David Longoria"},{"id":"3572049","text":"their repartee just seems to tumble out, perfectly formed.\" It emerged as one of his most commercially successful films, with earnings of over $440 million against its $30 million budget. Gosling was signed on to work with Terrence Malick in 2004 on the biographical film \"Che\", but later dropped out. He went on to film an appearance in Malick's \"Song to Song\" (2017), which co-starred Christian Bale and Cate Blanchett. Also in 2017, he starred in \"Blade Runner 2049\", a sequel to the 1982 science fiction film \"Blade Runner\", directed by Denis Villeneuve and co-starring Harrison Ford, who reprised his","title":"Ryan Gosling"},{"id":"16896849","text":"which was released in June. \"USAToday\" described it as \"the best pop album of 2017 so far\". \"Rolling Stone\"s praises Jack's production specifically, noting that he uses \"empty space to spectacular effect, [as] the arrangements veer from stark clarity to delirium.\" Antonoff co-wrote and produced Swift's #1 single \"Look What You Made Me Do\", which was released on August 25, 2017. He also was a key contributor to her \"Reputation\" album. He also contributed to Pink's Beautiful Trauma and produced St. Vincent's Masseduction album In 2018, Antonoff produced the soundtrack for the 20th Century Fox romantic comedy-drama film \"Love, Simon\".","title":"Jack Antonoff"},{"id":"6685728","text":"Brian Tyler Brian Tyler (born May 8, 1972) is an American composer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, conductor, arranger, DJ and producer. Tyler scored \"Iron Man 3\", \"\" with Danny Elfman, \"Now You See Me\", \"Patriots Day\", and \"\"Crazy Rich Asians\"\", among others. He also composed the current fanfare of the Universal Pictures logo (adapted from Jerry Goldsmith's), the updated Marvel Studios logo, which debuted with \"\" (2013), as well as the \"NFL Theme\" for ESPN, and five installments of \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. In 2018 Tyler also composed the main theme music for Formula One. He is also the composer","title":"Brian Tyler"},{"id":"20482718","text":"doesn't think writing to be important. For them, it's more “the actor, then the director, how you shoot the film and how expensive.” Initially, the film was scheduled to release on 1 June 2018. But in October 2017, Dhawan, in one of his tweets, revealed that the release date has been preponed. The film was released on 13 April 2018 across 2308 screens worldwide. Background score of the film is composed by Shantanu Moitra who also provided music for three tracks on the film's soundtrack album. The soundtrack is composed by Shantanu Moitra, Abhishek Arora and Anupam Roy, and features","title":"October (2018 film)"},{"id":"20748268","text":"October (soundtrack) October is the soundtrack album to the 2018 Bollywood film of the same name, directed by Shoojit Sircar. The album is composed by Shantanu Moitra, Abhishek Arora, and Anupam Roy, and features playback singers Armaan Malik, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Sunidhi Chauhan and Monali Thakur. It was released on 28 March 2018 by Zee Music Company and in general, the album received positive response from the critics. The album consists of five tracks whose lyrics are penned by Abhiruchi Chand, Tanveer Ghazi, and Swanand Kirkire. Shantanu Moitra began composing the score in April 2017 after hearing the film's","title":"October (soundtrack)"},{"id":"18343009","text":"crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia. Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post. On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film. On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018.","title":"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)"},{"id":"2652606","text":"all on-set filming occurred, in what was formerly the Redken Shampoo factory in Canoga Park. The effects for the film were done by Flat Earth Productions. A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on August 25, 1998 by TVT Records and Epic Records. It peaked at #36 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and #28 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The British techno band The Prodigy were approached to do the soundtrack and score to the film but had to turn down the offer due to other commitments. The first cut of the film was 140 minutes long and it had","title":"Blade (film)"},{"id":"19571609","text":"the sequel will feature the original cast and will be again directed by Lamba and produced by Excel Entertainment. Filming began in August 2016 in Delhi . The music of the film is composed by Sharib-Toshi, Sumeet Bellary, Prem-Hardeep, Jasleen Royal, Gulraj Singh, Shree D and Ishq Bector while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar, Satya Khare, Aditya Sharma, Shree D, Mrighdeep Singh Lamba, Vipul Vig and Raftaar. The first track of the film titled as \"Mehbooba\" which is sung by Neha Kakkar, Yasser Desai, Mohammed Rafi and rapped by Raftaar was released on 15 November 2017. The soundtrack","title":"Fukrey Returns"},{"id":"6868582","text":"Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for \"Brokeback Mountain\" in 2005, and \"Babel\" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game \"The Last of Us\", and the theme music for the Netflix series \"Making a Murderer\". Santaolalla was born in El Palomar, Argentina, and grew up during the military junta and period later known as the Dirty War. His professional music career began in 1967, when he co-founded the group Arco","title":"Gustavo Santaolalla"},{"id":"20084394","text":"as \"uninspired and hard to recall after the fact\". Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017","title":"Days in the Sun"},{"id":"20969726","text":"Creed II (soundtrack) The 2018 American sports drama film \"Creed II\", a sequel to \"Creed\" (2015) and the eighth installment in the \"Rocky\" film series, was accompanied by two soundtrack albums. Creed II: The Album, featuring original songs produced by Mike Will Made-It, and Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, featuring an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson, were both released on November 16, 2018. In March 2018, it was announced that Swedish composer Ludwig Göransson would score \"Creed II\"; the movie marks the first feature-length film collaboration between Göransson and director Steven Caple Jr.. In October it was reported","title":"Creed II (soundtrack)"},{"id":"18363830","text":"during \"a dark, twisted moment\" in the film, the time when a resurrected Superman fights the Justice League. The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's \"Everybody Knows\" performed by Sigrid, \"Icky Thump\" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' \"Come Together\" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL. WaterTower Music released the soundtrack album digitally on November 10, 2017, with a release of the physical format on December 8. The film held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America and elsewhere around the world in","title":"Justice League (film)"},{"id":"343954","text":"Andrew Kosove. Scott informed the \"Variety\" publication in November 2014 that he was no longer the director for the film and would only fulfill a producer's role. Scott also revealed that filming would begin sometime within 2015, and that Harrison Ford has signed on to reprise his role from the original film but his character should only appear in \"the third act\" of the sequel. On 26 February 2015, the sequel was officially confirmed, with Denis Villeneuve hired to direct the film, and Scott being an executive producer. The sequel, \"Blade Runner 2049\", was released on 6 October 2017. From","title":"Ridley Scott"},{"id":"5195220","text":"itself. Finally \"2019\" provided a single-disc compilation almost wholly consisting of ambient sound from the film, padded out with some sounds from the Westwood game \"Blade Runner\". The first release of the \"Blade Runner\" score in any form was a tape suspected of coming from a sound engineer during the film's mixing. It was popular, despite subpar audio quality, given there were no plans to release a Vangelis score. A second bootleg \"Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Blade Runner\" appeared in 1993 by \"Off World Music, Ltd.\" on CD, which was of high quality and actually more comprehensive than the official","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20118087","text":"would have suited the \"feel\" of the band. Hollywood Records released the film's soundtrack digitally on October 20, 2017, and was released physically on November 10, 2017. All music composed by Mark Mothersbaugh. Additional music featured in the film include \"Immigrant Song\" by Led Zeppelin and \"Main Title\" (\"Golden Ticket\"/\"Pure Imagination\") by Walter Scharf from the film \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\". Thor: Ragnarok (soundtrack) Thor: Ragnarok (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the Marvel Studios film \"\" composed by Mark Mothersbaugh. Hollywood Records released the album digitally on October 20, 2017, with a physical release","title":"Thor: Ragnarok (soundtrack)"},{"id":"444648","text":"top of the American \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and was used as the background music at the London 2012 Olympics winners' medal presentation ceremonies. Vangelis also received acclaim for his synthesizer-based soundtrack for the 1982 film \"Blade Runner\". Having had a career in music spanning over 50 years and having composed and performed more than 50 albums, Vangelis is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of electronic music. Vangelis was born 29 March 1943, in Agria, near Volos, Greece. Largely a self-taught musician, he reportedly began composing at the age of three. His earliest","title":"Vangelis"},{"id":"5195211","text":"official albums have been released containing music omitted from the film and also new compositions featuring a similar style. An orchestral rendition of part of the soundtrack was released in 1982 by the New American Orchestra. However, the original soundtrack album (1994) features vocal contributions from Demis Roussos (Vangelis's former bandmate in Aphrodite's Child) and the sax solo by Dick Morrissey on \"Love Theme\" (In the credits on page 3 of the 1994 Atlantic CD, Dick's last name is misspelled as \"Morrisey\"). The track \"Memories of Green\" from Vangelis' 1980 album \"See You Later\" was also included. A new release","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"5195216","text":"of being mixed together seamlessly as was the case with all but three tracks in the 1994 version. Although this release claims to be the \"complete\" score, there is still some music heard in the film that is missing (in sequential order): The second disc, of previously unreleased music, contains additional music not present in the film, including two bonus tracks. One of these, \"Desolation Path\", is a slightly different version of \"Alternate Love Theme/I Dreamt Music\". This track was originally used in the workprint version of the film, during the Deckard/Rachel love scene. Vangelis recorded, mixed and produced the","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"19488623","text":"you exit the theatre with is Kangana's effortless performance.\" The music of the film have been composed by Sachin-Jigar while the lyrics have been penned by Priya Saraiya and Vayu. The first song titled as \"Lagdi Hai Thaai\" which is sung by Guru Randhawa and Jonita Gandhi was released on 11 August 2017. The second single to be released was \"Pinjra Tod Ke\" voiced by Sunidhi Chauhan was released on 18 August 2017. The soundtrack consists of 8 songs and was released by T-Series on 25 August 2017. The film opened to lukewarm response from the audience, with occupancy being","title":"Simran (film)"},{"id":"19582579","text":"a 15 certificate from the British Board of Film Classification. For the soundtrack, the 1868 Piano Concerto by Edvard Grieg was used. James Newton Howard wrote the score, recorded in October 2017, citing Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's \"Requiem\" and Igor Stravinsky's \"The Firebird\" as influences. He commenced work before seeing a cut of the film. The film was originally scheduled to be released by 20th Century Fox on November 10, 2017, but in April 2017 it was announced that the film's release would be pushed back to March 2, 2018, because it was seen as a less competitive one. The studio's","title":"Red Sparrow"},{"id":"5195217","text":"score for \"Blade Runner\" in his own recording space, Nemo Studios, in 1982. He utilised many contemporary electronic instruments in order to create the atmospheric soundscapes, which he crafted on an ad-hoc basis. This was done by viewing videotapes of scenes from the film in the studio, and then improvising pieces in synchronisation with the images on the screen. He also applied the use of some foley techniques, using the synthesisers to produce diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. The most prominent synthesiser used in the score was the Yamaha CS-80, which can be heard in the opening scenes, and subsequently throughout","title":"Blade Runner (soundtrack)"},{"id":"13144336","text":"score for \"House at the End of the Street\" was awarded the ASCAP PRS Film Award in 2013. Theo Green Theo Green is an award-winning film composer and sound designer, known for his music for \"The Gambler\", \"House at the End of the Street\", and his Academy Award nominated sound design for Blade Runner 2049. Green was in the New College Choir as a chorister of New College School in Oxford and later studied at Abingdon School and the Courtauld Institute of Art, London. 2008's BAFTA and BIFA-winning \"The Escapist\" was Green's first feature, as sound designer and additional composer,","title":"Theo Green"},{"id":"8347997","text":"Witch Hunter\". He also composed the soundtrack for \"\", the sequel to \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", and the 2016 Peter Berg film \"Deepwater Horizon\", starring Mark Wahlberg and Kurt Russell. Steve Jablonsky Steve Jablonsky (born October 9, 1970) is an American composer for film, television and video games, best known for his musical scores in the \"Transformers\" film series. Some of his frequent collaboration partners include film directors Michael Bay and Peter Berg, and fellow composer Hans Zimmer. Jablonsky went to the University of California, Berkeley for college. He studied computer science at the beginning, but switched to music composition","title":"Steve Jablonsky"},{"id":"19536749","text":"synthesised drums and traditional orchestra. The soundtrack was digitally released on July 13, 2018 by Milan Records with the physical soundtrack being released later on August 3, 2018.. British singer and songwriter Jamie N Commons performed the song Walls which plays in the end credits of the film. The visual effects were done by Moving Picture Company, Method Studios, Image Engine and Industrial Light and Magic. Universal released the first official trailer in February 2018 and the second trailer on May 23, 2018. Promo posters in the form of \"The Towering Inferno\" (1974) and \"Die Hard\" (1988) were created, referencing","title":"Skyscraper (2018 film)"},{"id":"20456197","text":"2018, as the week's highest ranking debut. It became the greatest gainer in the following week, climbing to number 19. It peaked at number 14 on February 3, 2018. Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2017 romantic drama film, \"Call Me by Your Name\". It features songs by The Psychedelic Furs, Franco Battiato, Loredana Bertè, Bandolero, Giorgio Moroder, Joe Esposito, and F. R. David, with compositions by John Adams, Erik Satie, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Maurice Ravel. American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens","title":"Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack"},{"id":"20328127","text":"start date of July was established. In late April 2016, the film's release date was moved up to October 6, 2017, as well as Ana de Armas and Sylvia Hoeks being added to the cast. Carla Juri was cast in May 2016. In June, Mackenzie Davis and Barkhad Abdi were cast, with David Dastmalchian, Hiam Abbass and Lennie James joining in July. Jared Leto was added to the cast in August. In March 2017, Edward James Olmos confirmed he was in the film in a sequence playing original character Gaff. In September 2015, Warner Bros. trademarked the name \"Blade Runner:","title":"Blade Runner (franchise)"},{"id":"6868592","text":"a previous relationship with Monica Campins. Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for \"Brokeback Mountain\" in 2005, and \"Babel\" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game \"The Last of Us\", and the theme music for the Netflix series \"Making a Murderer\". Santaolalla was born in El Palomar, Argentina, and grew up during the military junta and period later known as the Dirty War. His professional music career began in 1967,","title":"Gustavo Santaolalla"},{"id":"20821620","text":"produced by Srinivasa Chitturi and Rambabu Bandaru under the banners BR8 Creations, V. Y. Combines and Srinivasa Silver Screen. Cinematography was handled by Niketh Bommireddy, and editing by Suresh Arumugam. Filming began in February 2018 at Rajahmundry, and ended in June. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Poorna Chandra Tejaswi. The audio launch for the Tamil version took place on 31 August 2018 and also audio rights was bagged and taken by Sony Music India. The song \"The Karma Theme\", composed and sung by Anirudh Ravichander with Alisha Thomas on backing vocals, was released on 3 September 2018","title":"U Turn (2018 film)"},{"id":"45484","text":"\"Blade Runner\". In light of the lack of a release of an album, the New American Orchestra recorded an orchestral adaptation in 1982 which bore little resemblance to the original. Some of the film tracks would, in 1989, surface on the compilation \"Vangelis: Themes\", but not until the 1992 release of the \"Director's Cut\" version would a substantial amount of the film's score see commercial release. These delays and poor reproductions led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape surfaced in 1982 at science fiction conventions and became popular given the delay of an","title":"Blade Runner"},{"id":"18295187","text":"Production concluded on April 30, 2015. Academy Award-winning composer Howard Shore was originally chosen to write the music for the film. He was replaced during post-production by Daniel Hart, who had previously worked with director Lowery on other films, most notably \"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\" (2013). The soundtrack was released on August 12, 2016 by Walt Disney Records. Candle on the Water was the only original song to be featured on the 2016 soundtrack from the 1977 soundtrack. Though the song was not used in the film, it was re-recorded by Okkervil River for the 2016 soundtrack. The original version,","title":"Pete's Dragon (2016 film)"},{"id":"20492941","text":"Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack) Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2017 composed and conducted by John Williams. The album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 15, 2017 in digipak CD, Jewel case CD, digital formats, and streaming services. In July 2013, Kathleen Kennedy announced at Star Wars Celebration Europe that John Williams would return to score the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy. Williams confirmed his assignment for \"The Last Jedi\" at a Tanglewood concert in August 2016, stating he would begin recording the score \"off and on\"","title":"Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack)"},{"id":"20633011","text":"composer Campbell has written music for TV shows, films and video games like Breakout Kings (2011-2012), Medal of Honor: Warfighter (2012), Pacific Rim (film) (2013), The House of Magic (2013), The Strain (TV series) (2014-2017), Dracula Untold (2014), Game of Thrones (2011- ), Warcraft (film) (2016), Person of Interest (2011-2016), Gears of War 4 (2016), The Great Wall (film) (2016), Prison Break (2005-2017), and A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) (2018). In 2018 Campbell composed the score for the drama-comedy \"Funny Story\" as well as Sylvain White's horror film \"Slender Man\". Brandon Campbell Brandon Campbell is an American music composer","title":"Brandon Campbell"},{"id":"11389260","text":"(dir. Brett Haley). He also premiered his second collaboration with Alex Ross Perry, \"Queen of Earth\", at the 2015 Berlin Film Festival. In 2016 he composed the soundtrack for the 2017 movie The Hero starring Sam Elliott, Laura Prepon, Nick Offerman and Katharine Ross. Most recently, DeWitt has teamed with fellow Nashville, TN artist Jeremy Bullock to form Wild Cub. They released their debut 13-song full length LP in August 2013 (January 2014 UK release) entitled \"Youth\". Their sophomore 11-song LP \"Closer\" was released in 2017. Wild Cub has been part of SXSW, Bonnaroo, CMJ and other prominent festivals and","title":"Keegan DeWitt"},{"id":"20882150","text":"Skyscraper (soundtrack) Skyscraper – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2018 film of the same name, written and composed by Steve Jablonsky. The score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London with an orchestra conducted by Alastair King. Additional mixing was done at Arata Music Studios. The soundtrack was digitally released on July 13, 2018 by Milan Records with the physical soundtrack being released later on August 3, 2018. Steve Jablonsky was hired to score the film, replacing Thurber's frequent composer, Theodore Shapiro. For the basis of the score, Jablonsky worked with traditional orchestra and","title":"Skyscraper (soundtrack)"},{"id":"16659332","text":"\"Hunger Games\" and \"Twilight Saga\" franchises, and we're especially pleased that we can introduce our newest young adult franchise, \"Divergent\", to the movie going public in the premium IMAX format that celebrates its status as a special and memorable event.\" The score for \"Divergent\" was composed by Junkie XL and executive produced by his longtime mentor Hans Zimmer. Ellie Goulding's \"Beating Heart\" was included in the film as original soundtrack and later the assisting video was also released from Goulding's YouTube channel. Goulding's \"Dead In The Water\" was also included on the soundtrack. Randall Poster served as the film's music","title":"Divergent (film)"},{"id":"15674342","text":"The Passion on FOX, which aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016. In 2017, Anders produced ABC's anticipated remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin, in addition to executive producing its soundtrack. Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie Anders worked as the Executive Song Producer and Soundtrack album Producer for Dreamworks' based on the series of children's novels of the same name by Dav Pilkey. Anders, with longtime collaborator Peer Astrom, produced the eleven song album. The soundtrack included artists such as Adam Lambert, Lil Yachty, Andy Grammer, Weird Al Yankovic on the film's theme song and original score by","title":"Adam Anders"},{"id":"20442649","text":"October 27. On October 25, 2017, it was announced that a vinyl double-LP of the soundtrack album would be released on December 15, 2017, in a numbered limited edition of 2500, pressed on 180-gram premium vinyl, intended for audiophiles. Although the information about the release mentioned that the album would have 24 tracks, the advertised tracks on sites selling it shows only 20 tracks, with the tracks by Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley being omitted from the LPs. Note indicates tracks that are not on the limited edition two-LP vinyl release Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack) Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion","title":"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)"},{"id":"18967450","text":"right\", but found \"really cool ways\" to move the skeletons. The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. Germaine Franco, Adrian Molina, Robert Lopez, and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote the songs. Recording for the score began on August 14, 2017. The score was released on November 10, 2017. Following the 90th Academy Awards ceremony, where \"Remember Me\" won the award for Best Original Song, the album broke the top 40 on the Billboard 200 charts, jumping from 120 to 39, where it peaked before dropping to 64. In the week of March 8, the Miguel version of \"Remember Me\" gained 1.58","title":"Coco (2017 film)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"20442644\",\n \"text\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack) Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack album of the music for the 2017 American science fiction film \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\". Released in October 2017, the album contains music by Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch, along with additional tracks by Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra and Lauren Daigle. It also includes the piece \\\"Tears in the Rain\\\", which was originally composed and performed (as \\\"Tears in Rain\\\") by Vangelis, the composer of the original 1982 soundtrack \\\"Blade Runner\\\". \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" is the sequel to Ridley Scott's 1982 film \\\"Blade Runner\\\". Directed by Denis\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13144335\",\n \"text\": \"starring Paddy Considine. In 2014 Green teamed up with director Rupert Wyatt for a third time with Paramount Pictures' \\\"The Gambler\\\", starring Mark Wahlberg, John Goodman, Brie Larson and Jessica Lange. Theo Green composed original music for the film. In 2017, Green was the Sound Designer for Denis Villeneuve's film Blade Runner 2049. Theo Green is represented by Fortress Talent Management. In 2018 Theo Green was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing, as Sound Designer for Blade Runner 2049 and a BAFTA for Best Sound, Blade Runner 2049 , and won the MPSE Golden Reel Award Green's\",\n \"title\": \"Theo Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195223\",\n \"text\": \"renamed the \\\"<nowiki>'Retirement' Edition</nowiki>\\\", consisting of six discs (five CD-DA and one DVD-ROM). It incorporated the missing tracks from the trilogy release. In 2017, a sequel to \\\"Blade Runner\\\" was released, \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\". Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch collaborated on the \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" score, and the original \\\"Blade Runner\\\" soundtrack served as inspiration for their work. The composers included a Yamaha CS-80 analog synthesizer among the instruments in an effort to maintain stylistic continuity with Vangelis's original 1982 film score. Zimmer said of the soundtrack: \\\"Ridley [Scott] is a hard act to follow – as is Vangelis. While\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20442647\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\\\". New composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch joined in July 2017. In September, Jóhannsson's agent confirmed that he was no longer involved and that he was contractually forbidden from commenting on the situation. According to Epic Records, Zimmer and Wallfisch sought to continue the legacy of the original \\\"Blade Runner\\\" score by incorporating the Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer. Zimmer has said of the soundtrack: \\\"First of all, I realized that Denis [Villeneuve] is a director who has a vision; he has a voice. Remember, I've\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17402008\",\n \"text\": \"IMAX usually uses with films not shot with IMAX cameras. Rapper-producer El-P said he was asked to compose music for the first \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" trailer, but his score was \\\"rejected or ignored\\\". Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \\\"Prisoners\\\", \\\"Sicario\\\" and \\\"Arrival\\\", was initially announced as composer for the film. However, Villeneuve and Jóhann decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve thought the film \\\"needed something different\\\", and also that he \\\"needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\\\". Composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch joined the project in July 2017. In September, Jóhann's agent\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2749209\",\n \"text\": \"the 89th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing. It was also awarded the Ray Bradbury Award for Outstanding Dramatic Presentation and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 2017. In February 2015, it was announced that Villeneuve would direct \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", the sequel to Ridley Scott's \\\"Blade Runner\\\" (1982). Scott served as the film's executive producer on behalf of Warner Bros. It was released on October 6, 2017 to overwhelming critical acclaim despite middling box office returns. Villeneuve is set to direct the adaptation of\",\n \"title\": \"Denis Villeneuve\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1389421\",\n \"text\": \"main theme for the 2016 BBC nature documentary \\\"Planet Earth II\\\", presented by David Attenborough. Zimmer composed the main theme for the 2016 Netflix production \\\"The Crown\\\". He also composed the score for Christopher Nolan's 2017 film \\\"Dunkirk\\\", basing part of the score on a recording of a ticking watch that he had been given by Nolan. Zimmer also worked on the score for \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\". Hans Zimmer and co-composer Benjamin Wallfisch took over scoring duties after Jóhann Jóhannsson left the project. On 1 November 2017, it was announced that he will return to score the upcoming 2019 CGI\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Zimmer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20442646\",\n \"text\": \"film score for \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", and he was commissioned to write a short score for the film's first trailer. Conscious of the legacy of Vangelis's score for the original 1982 film, El-P's composition made use of a Yamaha CS-80 analog synthesizer, an instrument used by Vangelis. However, El-P's music was not used in the end, and he has stated that his score was \\\"rejected or ignored\\\". Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \\\"Prisoners\\\", \\\"Sicario\\\", and \\\"Arrival\\\", was initially announced as composer for the film. However, Villeneuve and Jóhannsson decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve felt the\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13659097\",\n \"text\": \"The agreement also allowed Warner Bros. to co-finance certain pictures with Alcon. Alcon and Warner Bros. signed a new agreement in February 2006, continuing their eight-year relationship, under which Warner Bros. would continue to distribute feature films developed and financed by Alcon. In 2014, Alcon partnered with Sleeping Giant Media to form ASG Music Group. ASG is a full service music company and record label. In 2017, ASG released the Blade Runner 2049 soundtrack, produced by Grammy nominated producer Michael Hodges, Kayla Morrison and Ashley Culp, with Epic Records. The Album reached #1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Soundtrack Sales Charts. Alcon\",\n \"title\": \"Alcon Entertainment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195210\",\n \"text\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack) Blade Runner is a soundtrack composed by Greek electronic composer Vangelis for Ridley Scott's 1982 film \\\"Blade Runner\\\". It is mostly a dark, melodic combination of classical composition and synthesizers which mirrors the futuristic film noir envisioned by Scott. The original soundtrack release was delayed for over a decade, until 1994, despite the music being well-received by fans and critically acclaimed—it was nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe as best original score. The soundtrack is regarded as a historically important piece in the genre of electronic music. Since the premiere of the film, two\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20442648\",\n \"text\": \"done a lot of movies with Ridley Scott. So, it was important that this was an autonomous piece of work. Let's just be honest. Ridley is a hard act to follow—as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\\\" The soundtrack album was released online on October 5, 2017, and a two-disc CD version was released on the Epic Records label in the United States on\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195224\",\n \"text\": \"Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\\\" The sequel score includes a fairly faithful remake of the original \\\"Tears in Rain\\\" (retitled \\\"Tears in the Rain\\\"), and borrows many musical cues from the original Vangelis score throughout, including its frequent use of pitch bending. </div> Blade Runner (soundtrack) Blade Runner is a soundtrack composed by Greek electronic composer Vangelis for Ridley Scott's 1982 film \\\"Blade Runner\\\". It is\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"45482\",\n \"text\": \"score for \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\", composed and performed the music on his synthesizers. He also made use of various chimes and the vocals of collaborator Demis Roussos. Another memorable sound is the haunting tenor sax solo \\\"Love Theme\\\" by British saxophonist Dick Morrissey, who performed on many of Vangelis's albums. Ridley Scott also used \\\"Memories of Green\\\" from the Vangelis album \\\"See You Later, \\\"an orchestral version of which Scott would later use in his film \\\"Someone to Watch Over Me\\\". Along with Vangelis' compositions and ambient textures, the film's soundscape also features a track by the Japanese ensemble Nipponia\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328140\",\n \"text\": \"honest. Ridley is a hard act to follow—as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us.\\\" The \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" soundtrack was released on October 5, 2017 and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. Before filming of \\\"Blade Runner\\\" began, \\\"Cinefantastique\\\" magazine commissioned Paul M. Sammon to write an article about \\\"Blade Runner\\\"s production. This\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20005523\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Wallfisch Benjamin Mark Lasker Wallfisch (born 7 August 1979) is an English composer, conductor, and pianist. Since the mid-2000s, he has composed and contributed to music for over 60 feature films. His compositions include original scores for \\\"A Cure For Wellness\\\", \\\"Hidden Figures\\\", \\\"Lights Out\\\", \\\"Desert Dancer\\\", \\\"It\\\", and \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\". In 2017, he was jointly nominated with Pharrell Williams and Hans Zimmer for Best Original Score at the 74th Golden Globe Awards for his work on \\\"Hidden Figures\\\". In 2014, Wallfisch was appointed an Associate of the Royal Academy of Music, London. He is also a member\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Wallfisch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17401991\",\n \"text\": \"humans and replicants. Principal photography took place between July and November 2016, mainly in Budapest, Hungary. \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" premiered in Los Angeles on October 3, 2017 and was released in the United States in 2D, 3D and IMAX on October 6, 2017. The film was praised by critics for its performances, direction, cinematography, musical score, production design, visual effects, and faithfulness to the original film. It is considered by many critics and audiences to be one of the best films of 2017. Despite positive reviews, the film was a box office disappointment, grossing $259 million worldwide. \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17401990\",\n \"text\": \"Blade Runner 2049 Blade Runner 2049 is a 2017 American neo-noir science fiction film directed by Denis Villeneuve and written by Hampton Fancher and Michael Green. A sequel to the 1982 film \\\"Blade Runner\\\", the film stars Ryan Gosling and Harrison Ford, with Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks, Robin Wright, Mackenzie Davis, Carla Juri, Lennie James, Dave Bautista, and Jared Leto in supporting roles. Ford and Edward James Olmos reprise their roles from the original film. Set thirty years after the first film, Gosling plays K, a blade runner who uncovers a secret that threatens to instigate a war between\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20442645\",\n \"text\": \"Villeneuve, it stars Ryan Gosling and Harrison Ford, Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks and Jared Leto. Set thirty years after the original film, the story depicts a bioengineered human, a replicant blade runner named K, who discovers the remains of a once-pregnant replicant. To prevent a possible war between replicants and humans, K is secretly tasked with finding the child and destroying all evidence related to it. The soundtrack was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. Warner Bros. reportedly considered engaging the rapper and music producer El-P to write the\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19955601\",\n \"text\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328138\",\n \"text\": \"Trilogy\\\", the first disc contains the same tracks as the 1994 official soundtrack release, the second features previously unreleased music from the film, and the third disc is all newly composed music from Vangelis, inspired by, and in the spirit of the film. Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on \\\"Prisoners\\\", \\\"Sicario\\\", and \\\"Arrival\\\", was initially announced as composer for \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\". However, Villeneuve and Jóhannsson decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve felt the film \\\"needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack\\\". New composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4641130\",\n \"text\": \"decided that the music needed a change in direction. In describing the artistic process for \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", Villeneuve stated that \\\"the movie needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis. Jóhann and I decided that I will need to go in another direction.\\\" Villeneuve brought in Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch to complete the project. Jóhann's work on James Marsh's \\\"The Theory of Everything\\\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 2015 Academy Awards and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. His final works were\",\n \"title\": \"Jóhann Jóhannsson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20546110\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Hodges (producer) Michael Hodges is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, executive music producer and music executive best known for his work in music for film and television most notably on \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" (2017), \\\"Point Break\\\" (2015) and \\\"The Expanse\\\" (2015–present). He received two Grammy nominations for songwriting and producing \\\"We Only Have Tonight\\\" performed by Reik from the film \\\"No Manches Frida\\\". In 2017, Hodges was an executive music producer on \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", produced the \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" soundtrack and co-wrote and produced the only original song on the album \\\"Almost Human\\\" performed by Lauren Daigle.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Hodges (producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20172790\",\n \"text\": \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack) Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score album for the 2017 . The music is arranged, composed and written by Geoff Zanelli. The album was released on May 26, 2017 by Walt Disney Records. For the first time in the series since \\\"\\\" (2003) (which he co-wrote with Klaus Badelt), Hans Zimmer is not composing the music for the film. Instead, Geoff Zanelli, who worked on all previous four installments in the franchise, is the main composer for the film. Zanelli\",\n \"title\": \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"45483\",\n \"text\": \"– \\\"Ogi no Mato\\\" or \\\"The Folding Fan as a Target\\\" from the Nonesuch Records release \\\"Traditional Vocal and Instrumental Music\\\" – and a track by harpist Gail Laughton from \\\"Harps of the Ancient Temples\\\" on Laurel Records. Despite being well received by fans and critically acclaimed and nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe as best original score, and the promise of a soundtrack album from Polydor Records in the end titles of the film, the release of the official soundtrack recording was delayed for over a decade. There are two official releases of the music from\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328135\",\n \"text\": \"on many of Vangelis's albums. Ridley Scott also used \\\"Memories of Green\\\" from the Vangelis album \\\"See You Later, \\\"an orchestral version of which Scott would later use in his film \\\"Someone to Watch Over Me\\\". Along with Vangelis' compositions and ambient textures, the film's soundscape also features a track by the Japanese ensemble Nipponia – \\\"Ogi No Mato\\\" or \\\"The Folding Fan as a Target\\\" from the Nonesuch Records release \\\"Traditional Vocal and Instrumental Music\\\" – and a track by harpist Gail Laughton from \\\"Harps of the Ancient Temples\\\" on Laurel Records. Despite being well received by fans and\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20862894\",\n \"text\": \"Tomb Raider (soundtrack) Tomb Raider – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2018 film of the same name, based on the 2013 video game of the same name by Crystal Dynamics. The music was composed by Tom Holkenborg and was recorded at AIR Studios in London. The soundtrack was released digitally on 9 March 2018 by Sony Classical Records with the vinyl being released on 24 August 2018. Tom Holkenborg signed on as the film's composer after being removed from Justice League in which Danny Elfman took over. On creating the sound for Tomb Raider, Holkenborg\",\n \"title\": \"Tomb Raider (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16597415\",\n \"text\": \"that Canadian Director Denis Villeneuve will be directing the sequel, and on February 28, 2015 it was confirmed that Harrison Ford will reprise his role as Rick Deckard, with Ryan Gosling in talks to star in the remake. On May 21, 2015, award-winning Cinematographer Roger Deakins joined the Blade Runner sequel, which is rumored to be named 'Android Dream'. Other cast include Robin Wright, Dave Bautista, Jared Leto, Ana de Armas, Sylvia Hoeks, Carla Juri and Mackenzie Davis. The film will be released on October 6, 2017, and it was recently announced that the official title will be \\\"Blade Runner\",\n \"title\": \"Thunderbird Entertainment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16597414\",\n \"text\": \"two started streaming on November 18, and features artists such as Aloe Blacc, Rod Stewart and Jennifer Hudson. Thunderbird Entertainment owns a 50 percent stake in the \\\"Blade Runner\\\" franchise and will be an active partner in the new \\\"Blade Runner\\\" feature film, with CEO Tim Gamble and Frank Giustra will serve as Executive Producers. It was announced on August 18, 2011 that Ridley Scott has signed on to direct and produce the new installment of \\\"Blade Runner\\\" and that the original screenwriter, Hampton Fancher is in talks to pen the untitled sequel. On February 27, 2015 it was announced\",\n \"title\": \"Thunderbird Entertainment\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195214\",\n \"text\": \"consisting mainly of stills from the film. On page 3 there is a list of credits and the following by Vangelis: While most of the tracks on the album are from the film, a number were composed by Vangelis but were ultimately not used in the film itself. Other compositions that appear in the film were not included on this release. Three of the tracks (\\\"Main Titles\\\", \\\"Blush Response\\\", and \\\"Tears in Rain\\\") feature samples of dialogue from the film. Tracks 1 through 4 are mixed together as a seamless piece; tracks 5 through 7 have silence between them, and\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"444688\",\n \"text\": \"scores for \\\"Blade Runner\\\" and \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\" for their list of the 25 greatest film scores. Vangelis Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (born 29 March 1943), known professionally as Vangelis (; ), is a Greek composer of electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral music. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning score for the film \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\", also composing scores for the films \\\"Blade Runner\\\", \\\"Missing\\\", \\\"Antarctica\\\", \\\"The Bounty\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"Alexander\\\", and the use of his music in the PBS documentary \\\"\\\" by Carl Sagan. Vangelis began his career working with several popular bands of the 1960s such\",\n \"title\": \"Vangelis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10013012\",\n \"text\": \"Twitter, Ellison praised Shudder, explaining he found it to be a suitable home for the film's release. On November 2, 2017, Ellison released a music video for a new song of his, \\\"Post Requisite\\\", and is \\\"currently finishing his next studio album on Warp”. He also wrote the soundtrack for the 2017 short film \\\"Blade Runner Black Out 2022\\\". Flying Lotus has stated that he is influenced by Madlib, Herbie Hancock, MF DOOM, his great aunt Alice Coltrane, his great uncle John Coltrane, Miles Davis, and J Dilla. He is known for his experimental hip hop, alternative hip hop, and\",\n \"title\": \"Flying Lotus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6685735\",\n \"text\": \"was released in the summer of 2014 under his artist name \\\"Madsonik\\\". The track went on to peak at No. 2 on the iTunes hip-hop singles charts and has sold over 500,000 copies. On October 12, 2016, he was hired to write and compose the musical score for the 2017 action-adventure film \\\"\\\". He has also contributed to the soundtrack by his stage name Madsonik in a collaboration with Tom Morello and Kill The Noise entitled \\\"Divebomb\\\". On March 2, 2018, he announced on Twitter that he had been hired by Formula One to write a brand new theme that\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Tyler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328139\",\n \"text\": \"joined in July 2017. In September, Jóhannsson's agent confirmed that he was no longer involved and that he was contractually forbidden from commenting on the situation. According to Epic Records, Zimmer and Wallfisch sought to continue the legacy of the original \\\"Blade Runner\\\" score by incorporating the Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer. Zimmer has said of the soundtrack: \\\"First of all, I realized that Denis [Villeneuve] is a director who has a vision; he has a voice. Remember, I've done a lot of movies with Ridley Scott. So, it was important that this was an autonomous piece of work. Let's just be\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"343953\",\n \"text\": \"on 2 October 2015. \\\"The Martian\\\" was a critical and commercial success, grossed over $630 million worldwide, becoming Scott's highest-grossing film to date. A sequel to \\\"Prometheus\\\", \\\"\\\", started filming in 2016, premiered in London on 4 May 2017, and received general release on 19 May 2017. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Michael Fassbender's dual performance and calling the film a return to form for both director Ridley Scott and the franchise. In August 2011, information leaked about production of a sequel to \\\"Blade Runner\\\" by Alcon Entertainment, with Alcon partners Broderick Johnson and\",\n \"title\": \"Ridley Scott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18406643\",\n \"text\": \"again in early 2017. In October 2016, Daigle released her first Christmas album, \\\"Behold: A Christmas Collection\\\", and reached No. 29 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. In 2017, she was featured in the song \\\"Hard Love\\\" by Needtobreathe for \\\"The Shack\\\". Daigle co-wrote and performed \\\"Almost Human\\\", the only original song, on the \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" soundtrack. The album, produced by Michael Hodges, Kayla Morrison and Ashley Culp, reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Soundtrack Sales Charts. Lauren Daigle Lauren Ashley Daigle (born September 9, 1991) is an American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter from Lafayette, Louisiana. Daigle is signed\",\n \"title\": \"Lauren Daigle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19700177\",\n \"text\": \"but after they were \\\"heavily affected\\\" digitally. Robert Lydecker replaced Morris as composer for the second season. In February 2017, Paesano was announced as returning to compose for the miniseries \\\"The Defenders\\\". At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, Loeb announced Sean Callery as the composer for \\\"Inhumans\\\". In April 2017, Tyler Bates was announced as the composer for \\\"The Punisher\\\". In May 2017, Siddhartha Khosla was hired to compose the music for \\\"Runaways\\\". Mark Isham announced in May 2017 that he would compose the music for \\\"Cloak & Dagger\\\". After Marvel Entertainment was bought by the Walt Disney Company and\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195212\",\n \"text\": \"made in 2007 includes a disc of new music inspired by the film. \\\"Memories of Green\\\" originally featured on Vangelis' 1980 album, \\\"See You Later\\\". The first official release (on LP, tape and CD) was a reinterpretation by the New American Orchestra in 1982. Billed as an \\\"orchestral adaptation of music composed for the motion picture by Vangelis\\\", this release consisted of jazz-inspired, orchestrated renditions of the major tracks from the film, but not the original score tracks. In 1989, Vangelis released \\\"Themes\\\", a compilation album featuring unreleased music from several of his film scores, as well as material from\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19042796\",\n \"text\": \"be digitally inked & painted. Character designer James Woods and animator James Baxter also helped redesign the penguins from the first film. All of the hand-drawn animation was created by Duncan's animation studio, Duncan Studio, in Pasadena, California. The music and score for the film was composed by Marc Shaiman, with song lyrics written by Scott Wittman and Shaiman. The complete soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 7, 2018. The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 25, 2018. However, in July 2018, it was moved up to December 19, 2018. On March 4,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Poppins Returns\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"444646\",\n \"text\": \"Vangelis Evángelos Odysséas Papathanassíou (born 29 March 1943), known professionally as Vangelis (; ), is a Greek composer of electronic, progressive, ambient, jazz, and orchestral music. He is best known for his Academy Award-winning score for the film \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\", also composing scores for the films \\\"Blade Runner\\\", \\\"Missing\\\", \\\"Antarctica\\\", \\\"The Bounty\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"Alexander\\\", and the use of his music in the PBS documentary \\\"\\\" by Carl Sagan. Vangelis began his career working with several popular bands of the 1960s such as the Forminx and Aphrodite's Child, with the latter's album \\\"666\\\" going on to be recognized as\",\n \"title\": \"Vangelis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17402009\",\n \"text\": \"confirmed that he was no longer involved and was contractually forbidden from commenting. The musical cue during the final scene is a call back to the \\\"Time to die\\\" scene from \\\"Blade Runner\\\", a reference to the death of Roy Batty. \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\" premiered on October 3, 2017 at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, although following the 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting, the red carpet events were cancelled prior to the screening. It was the opening feature at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in Montreal the following day. It also was premiered in Switzerland at the Zurich Film\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1360435\",\n \"text\": \"by Kobe Bryant. Williams wrote the music for \\\"\\\", the eighth episode of the saga, released on December 15, 2017, and is presumed to be working on \\\"Star Wars Episode IX\\\". Also in 2017, he composed the score for Steven Spielberg's drama film \\\"The Post\\\". Williams contributed \\\"The Adventures of Han\\\" for the 2018 standalone \\\"Star Wars\\\" film \\\"\\\" while John Powell wrote the film's original score. Williams is also currently attached to score the fifth Indiana Jones film. A three-disc box set compilation of all of Williams' musical scores for Steven Spielberg's films, titled \\\"John Williams & Steven Spielberg:\",\n \"title\": \"John Williams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19955602\",\n \"text\": \"Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three\",\n \"title\": \"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328134\",\n \"text\": \"or events of the 1982 film. On February 7, 2010, it was announced that production on \\\"Purefold\\\" had ceased, due to funding problems. The \\\"Blade Runner\\\" soundtrack by Vangelis is a dark melodic combination of classic composition and futuristic synthesizers which mirrors the film-noir retro-future envisioned by Ridley Scott. Vangelis, fresh from his Academy Award-winning score for \\\"Chariots of Fire\\\", composed and performed the music on his synthesizers. He also made use of various chimes and the vocals of collaborator Demis Roussos. Another memorable sound is the haunting tenor sax solo \\\"Love Theme\\\" by British saxophonist Dick Morrissey, who performed\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20482719\",\n \"text\": \"playback singers such as Armaan Malik, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Sunidhi Chauhan and Monali Thakur. Background score of the film is composed by Shantanu Moitra who also provided music for three tracks on the film's soundtrack album. It was released on 28 March 2018 by Zee Music Company and generally received positive response from the critics. The album consists of five tracks whose lyrics are penned by Abhiruchi Chand, Tanveer Ghazi and Swanand Kirkire. Lyrics for first track are written by Abhiruchi Chand, second and third by Tanveer Ghazi and fourth by Swanand Kirkire. As of 10 May 2018, \\\"October\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"October (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13144333\",\n \"text\": \"Theo Green Theo Green is an award-winning film composer and sound designer, known for his music for \\\"The Gambler\\\", \\\"House at the End of the Street\\\", and his Academy Award nominated sound design for Blade Runner 2049. Green was in the New College Choir as a chorister of New College School in Oxford and later studied at Abingdon School and the Courtauld Institute of Art, London. 2008's BAFTA and BIFA-winning \\\"The Escapist\\\" was Green's first feature, as sound designer and additional composer, having collaborated with director Rupert Wyatt previously on the short film, \\\"Get The Picture\\\". In 2009 Theo Green\",\n \"title\": \"Theo Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18125750\",\n \"text\": \"e\\\" under conductor André de Ridder. Additional licensed music includes \\\"Become Ocean\\\", the Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Award-winning work of John Luther Adams as recorded by the Seattle Symphony with conductor Ludovic Morlot and an excerpt of \\\"Jetsun Mila\\\" from French musician and composer Eliane Radigue. A soundtrack album was released digitally on December 25, 2015, and on CD on January 8, 2016. Milan Records will release a vinyl pressing of the soundtrack in April 2016. The score by Sakamoto and Noto was ruled ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 2016 Oscars as it was\",\n \"title\": \"The Revenant (2015 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20079547\",\n \"text\": \"Nutcracker Suite\\\" from 1892 by James Newton Howard, updating the original and adding new tracks as well. For the recording, Gustavo Dudamel conducted the London Philharmonia Orchestra, while Lang Lang was the piano soloist. Andrea Bocelli and his son Matteo contributed the original duet \\\"Fall on Me\\\" for the film, which premiered on \\\"Dancing with the Stars\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> \\\"Disney Night\\\" on October 22, 2018. The soundtrack was released on October 26, 2018. \\\"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\\\" was released on November 2, 2018 in 2D and Real D 3D by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, replacing the original date set\",\n \"title\": \"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20084381\",\n \"text\": \"Days in the Sun \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as\",\n \"title\": \"Days in the Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20172793\",\n \"text\": \"introduce a whole new horde of fans to this sound and universe.\\\" Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack) Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales—Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score album for the 2017 . The music is arranged, composed and written by Geoff Zanelli. The album was released on May 26, 2017 by Walt Disney Records. For the first time in the series since \\\"\\\" (2003) (which he co-wrote with Klaus Badelt), Hans Zimmer is not composing the music for the film. Instead, Geoff Zanelli, who worked on all previous four\",\n \"title\": \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328136\",\n \"text\": \"critically acclaimed and nominated in 1983 for a BAFTA and Golden Globe for Best Original Score, and the promise of a soundtrack album from Polydor Records in the end titles of the film, the release of the official soundtrack recording was delayed for over a decade. There are two official releases of the music from \\\"Blade Runner\\\". In light of the lack of a release of an album, the New American Orchestra recorded an orchestral adaptation in 1982 which bore little resemblance to the original. Some of the film tracks would, in 1989, surface on the compilation \\\"Vangelis: Themes\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18293479\",\n \"text\": \"of films announced after Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012. It was produced by Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy and Ram Bergman, with \\\"Force Awakens\\\" director J. J. Abrams as an executive producer. John Williams, composer for the previous films, returned to compose the score. A number of scenes were filmed at Skellig Michael in Ireland during pre-production in September 2015, but principal photography began at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom in February 2016, and ended in July 2016. Post-production wrapped in September 2017. \\\"The Last Jedi\\\" had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 9, 2017, and\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16053933\",\n \"text\": \"Annual Grammy Awards. Anderson-Lopez and her husband will be writing the music for the sequel, \\\"Frozen 2\\\". Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez again collaborated in writing songs and lyrics for the 2017 Pixar film \\\"Coco\\\", for which she won for an Annie Award for Music in a Feature Production. She also won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \\\"Remember Me\\\" at the 90th Academy Awards. Kristen Anderson-Lopez Kristen Anderson-Lopez (born March 21, 1972) is an American songwriter. She is best known for co-writing the songs for the 2013 animated film \\\"Frozen\\\" with her husband Robert Lopez.\",\n \"title\": \"Kristen Anderson-Lopez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19922917\",\n \"text\": \"refused the offer, but accepted after months of requests from Guadagnino. Much of the score was completed prior to the film shoot, which afforded Guadagnino the opportunity to play the musical score on set during filming. Yorke cited inspiration from the 1982 \\\"Blade Runner\\\" soundtrack, musique concrète artists such as Pierre Henry, modern electronic artists such as James Holden, and music from the film's 1977 Berlin setting, such as krautrock. He said: \\\"There's a way of repeating in music that can hypnotise. I kept thinking to myself that it's a form of making spells. So when I was working in\",\n \"title\": \"Suspiria (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195218\",\n \"text\": \"the rest of the film. Other synthesisers employed by Vangelis included four Roland instruments: the ProMars, the Jupiter-4, the CR-5000 drum machine, and the VP-330 Vocoder Plus; a Sequential Circuits Prophet-10; a Yamaha GS1 FM synthesizer; and an E-mu Emulator sampler. A Steinway grand piano, a Yamaha CP-80 electric grand and a modified Fender Rhodes were also used. He also utilised a variety of traditional instruments, including, gamelan, glockenspiel, gong, snare drum, timpani and tubular bells. The delays and poor reproductions of the \\\"Blade Runner\\\" score led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20875398\",\n \"text\": \"was approached to score the 1999 film \\\"Fight Club\\\", but declined as he was recovering from the stress of promoting Radiohead's album \\\"OK Computer\\\". Yorke initially refused the \\\"Suspiria\\\" offer, but accepted after months of requests from the director, Luca Guadagnino. Yorke decided it would be pointless to replicate or reference the soundtrack of the original \\\"Suspiria\\\" by Goblin. Instead, he cited inspiration from the 1982 \\\"Blade Runner\\\" soundtrack, musique concrète artists such as Pierre Henry, modern electronic artists such as James Holden, and music from the film's 1977 Berlin setting, including krautrock acts such as Faust and Can. The\",\n \"title\": \"Suspiria (2018 soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3095124\",\n \"text\": \"Spider-Man trilogy \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\\\". He was the primary composer for the 2015 film \\\"\\\" and the 2016 film \\\"Deadpool\\\", and was co-composer for the film \\\"\\\", along with Zimmer. Holkenborg's theme music for \\\"Wonder Woman\\\" was used in the film of the same name. Zimmer was replaced by Junkie XL to write and compose the music for \\\"Justice League\\\" releasing in 2017. Holkenborg was later replaced by Danny Elfman, brought up by Joss Whedon. On 8 December 2017 Holkenborg was revealed to be composing the score for the 2018 film \\\"\\\", based on the manga \\\"Battle Angel Alita\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Junkie XL\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20969728\",\n \"text\": \"artist ScHoolboy, 2 Chainz and Eearz, shortly after a new trailer for the film was released. A second single, \\\"The Mantra\\\", is a collaboration with Pharrell and Kendrick Lamar and was released on November 14, 2018. On November 6, 2018 via Instagram, Mike Will announced the album listening party hosted by him. In a statement about the soundtrack, Mike Will said: Notes Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 2018 film \\\"Creed II\\\", composed by Ludwig Göransson. It was released on November 16, 2018 through Sony Classical Records. Creed II (soundtrack) The 2018 American sports\",\n \"title\": \"Creed II (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18391994\",\n \"text\": \"installment. Filming also took place in Atlanta and New York City. Brian Tyler, who scored the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh installments, was tapped to compose the film score for the eighth picture. A soundtrack album by Atlantic Records was released on April 14, 2017, coinciding with the film's US theatrical release. The film's score album was released on April 27, by Back Lot Music. \\\"The Fate of the Furious\\\" had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017. The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX\",\n \"title\": \"The Fate of the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18366435\",\n \"text\": \"to score both \\\"Infinity War\\\" and \\\"Endgame\\\". Silvestri started to record his score in January 2018, and concluded in late March. Silvestri felt working on the film \\\"was a really different experience than anything I'd done before, especially in regard to the approach and balancing quick shifts in tone\\\". Ludwig Göransson's theme from \\\"Black Panther\\\" is also used in the film. Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released the soundtrack album digitally on April 27, 2018, with a release on physical formats following on May 18. Two versions were released, a regular and deluxe edition, with the deluxe edition featuring some\",\n \"title\": \"Avengers: Infinity War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19273469\",\n \"text\": \"Crow, Joe Cocker, Eric Clapton, Jewel, Butthole Surfers, Green Day (including their Grammy Record of the Year \\\"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\\\"), among others. Additionally, Image Recording mixed the music for many hit Hollywood movies including \\\"Lethal Weapon\\\" and \\\"The Hunt for Red October\\\". Among other engineering projects at Image Recording, Maslin worked on tracks for Jennifer Warren and Leonard Cohen, as well as Michael Jackson’s album \\\"HIStory\\\". Because of his broad range of knowledge and experience, Maslin has also served as a consultant for studio builders, equipment manufacturers, engineers, producers, A&R personnel and music supervisors. In 2005, Image Recording closed.\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Maslin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"45446\",\n \"text\": \"games, anime, and television series. It brought the work of Philip K. Dick to the attention of Hollywood, and several later big-budget films were based on his work. In the year after its release, \\\"Blade Runner\\\" won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, and in 1993 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \\\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\\\". A sequel, \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", was released in October 2017. Seven versions of \\\"Blade Runner\\\" exist as a result of controversial changes made at the request of studio executives. A\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11269533\",\n \"text\": \"Simons, Frank Stallone, Fourever1, Marvin Gaye III, Ava Gold, Fanita James, JJ Totah, Robert Eibach, Christina Gaudet, and Florence LaRue. \\\"El Viaje\\\", Longoria's international instrumental album, was officially released on May 15, 2017. In October 2017 American rock band Smash Mouth released their 20th Anniversary of their hit \\\"Walkin' on the Sun\\\" with the Robert Eibach remix featuring Longoria's trumpet solo. The single peaked at No. 5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Club Play chart. Longoria composed and performed the theme song for the movie \\\"Bloodline: Now Or Never\\\" called \\\"Now Or Never\\\" featuring April Diamond. The music was co-written and produced\",\n \"title\": \"David Longoria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3572049\",\n \"text\": \"their repartee just seems to tumble out, perfectly formed.\\\" It emerged as one of his most commercially successful films, with earnings of over $440 million against its $30 million budget. Gosling was signed on to work with Terrence Malick in 2004 on the biographical film \\\"Che\\\", but later dropped out. He went on to film an appearance in Malick's \\\"Song to Song\\\" (2017), which co-starred Christian Bale and Cate Blanchett. Also in 2017, he starred in \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", a sequel to the 1982 science fiction film \\\"Blade Runner\\\", directed by Denis Villeneuve and co-starring Harrison Ford, who reprised his\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Gosling\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16896849\",\n \"text\": \"which was released in June. \\\"USAToday\\\" described it as \\\"the best pop album of 2017 so far\\\". \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s praises Jack's production specifically, noting that he uses \\\"empty space to spectacular effect, [as] the arrangements veer from stark clarity to delirium.\\\" Antonoff co-wrote and produced Swift's #1 single \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\", which was released on August 25, 2017. He also was a key contributor to her \\\"Reputation\\\" album. He also contributed to Pink's Beautiful Trauma and produced St. Vincent's Masseduction album In 2018, Antonoff produced the soundtrack for the 20th Century Fox romantic comedy-drama film \\\"Love, Simon\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Antonoff\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6685728\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Tyler Brian Tyler (born May 8, 1972) is an American composer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, conductor, arranger, DJ and producer. Tyler scored \\\"Iron Man 3\\\", \\\"\\\" with Danny Elfman, \\\"Now You See Me\\\", \\\"Patriots Day\\\", and \\\"\\\"Crazy Rich Asians\\\"\\\", among others. He also composed the current fanfare of the Universal Pictures logo (adapted from Jerry Goldsmith's), the updated Marvel Studios logo, which debuted with \\\"\\\" (2013), as well as the \\\"NFL Theme\\\" for ESPN, and five installments of \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise. In 2018 Tyler also composed the main theme music for Formula One. He is also the composer\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Tyler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20482718\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't think writing to be important. For them, it's more “the actor, then the director, how you shoot the film and how expensive.” Initially, the film was scheduled to release on 1 June 2018. But in October 2017, Dhawan, in one of his tweets, revealed that the release date has been preponed. The film was released on 13 April 2018 across 2308 screens worldwide. Background score of the film is composed by Shantanu Moitra who also provided music for three tracks on the film's soundtrack album. The soundtrack is composed by Shantanu Moitra, Abhishek Arora and Anupam Roy, and features\",\n \"title\": \"October (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20748268\",\n \"text\": \"October (soundtrack) October is the soundtrack album to the 2018 Bollywood film of the same name, directed by Shoojit Sircar. The album is composed by Shantanu Moitra, Abhishek Arora, and Anupam Roy, and features playback singers Armaan Malik, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Sunidhi Chauhan and Monali Thakur. It was released on 28 March 2018 by Zee Music Company and in general, the album received positive response from the critics. The album consists of five tracks whose lyrics are penned by Abhiruchi Chand, Tanveer Ghazi, and Swanand Kirkire. Shantanu Moitra began composing the score in April 2017 after hearing the film's\",\n \"title\": \"October (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18343009\",\n \"text\": \"crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia. Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post. On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film. On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018.\",\n \"title\": \"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2652606\",\n \"text\": \"all on-set filming occurred, in what was formerly the Redken Shampoo factory in Canoga Park. The effects for the film were done by Flat Earth Productions. A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on August 25, 1998 by TVT Records and Epic Records. It peaked at #36 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and #28 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. The British techno band The Prodigy were approached to do the soundtrack and score to the film but had to turn down the offer due to other commitments. The first cut of the film was 140 minutes long and it had\",\n \"title\": \"Blade (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19571609\",\n \"text\": \"the sequel will feature the original cast and will be again directed by Lamba and produced by Excel Entertainment. Filming began in August 2016 in Delhi . The music of the film is composed by Sharib-Toshi, Sumeet Bellary, Prem-Hardeep, Jasleen Royal, Gulraj Singh, Shree D and Ishq Bector while the lyrics have been penned by Kumaar, Satya Khare, Aditya Sharma, Shree D, Mrighdeep Singh Lamba, Vipul Vig and Raftaar. The first track of the film titled as \\\"Mehbooba\\\" which is sung by Neha Kakkar, Yasser Desai, Mohammed Rafi and rapped by Raftaar was released on 15 November 2017. The soundtrack\",\n \"title\": \"Fukrey Returns\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6868582\",\n \"text\": \"Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for \\\"Brokeback Mountain\\\" in 2005, and \\\"Babel\\\" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game \\\"The Last of Us\\\", and the theme music for the Netflix series \\\"Making a Murderer\\\". Santaolalla was born in El Palomar, Argentina, and grew up during the military junta and period later known as the Dirty War. His professional music career began in 1967, when he co-founded the group Arco\",\n \"title\": \"Gustavo Santaolalla\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20084394\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"uninspired and hard to recall after the fact\\\". Days in the Sun \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" is one of four songs added to the 2017\",\n \"title\": \"Days in the Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20969726\",\n \"text\": \"Creed II (soundtrack) The 2018 American sports drama film \\\"Creed II\\\", a sequel to \\\"Creed\\\" (2015) and the eighth installment in the \\\"Rocky\\\" film series, was accompanied by two soundtrack albums. Creed II: The Album, featuring original songs produced by Mike Will Made-It, and Creed II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, featuring an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson, were both released on November 16, 2018. In March 2018, it was announced that Swedish composer Ludwig Göransson would score \\\"Creed II\\\"; the movie marks the first feature-length film collaboration between Göransson and director Steven Caple Jr.. In October it was reported\",\n \"title\": \"Creed II (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18363830\",\n \"text\": \"during \\\"a dark, twisted moment\\\" in the film, the time when a resurrected Superman fights the Justice League. The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's \\\"Everybody Knows\\\" performed by Sigrid, \\\"Icky Thump\\\" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' \\\"Come Together\\\" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL. WaterTower Music released the soundtrack album digitally on November 10, 2017, with a release of the physical format on December 8. The film held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America and elsewhere around the world in\",\n \"title\": \"Justice League (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"343954\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew Kosove. Scott informed the \\\"Variety\\\" publication in November 2014 that he was no longer the director for the film and would only fulfill a producer's role. Scott also revealed that filming would begin sometime within 2015, and that Harrison Ford has signed on to reprise his role from the original film but his character should only appear in \\\"the third act\\\" of the sequel. On 26 February 2015, the sequel was officially confirmed, with Denis Villeneuve hired to direct the film, and Scott being an executive producer. The sequel, \\\"Blade Runner 2049\\\", was released on 6 October 2017. From\",\n \"title\": \"Ridley Scott\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195220\",\n \"text\": \"itself. Finally \\\"2019\\\" provided a single-disc compilation almost wholly consisting of ambient sound from the film, padded out with some sounds from the Westwood game \\\"Blade Runner\\\". The first release of the \\\"Blade Runner\\\" score in any form was a tape suspected of coming from a sound engineer during the film's mixing. It was popular, despite subpar audio quality, given there were no plans to release a Vangelis score. A second bootleg \\\"Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Blade Runner\\\" appeared in 1993 by \\\"Off World Music, Ltd.\\\" on CD, which was of high quality and actually more comprehensive than the official\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20118087\",\n \"text\": \"would have suited the \\\"feel\\\" of the band. Hollywood Records released the film's soundtrack digitally on October 20, 2017, and was released physically on November 10, 2017. All music composed by Mark Mothersbaugh. Additional music featured in the film include \\\"Immigrant Song\\\" by Led Zeppelin and \\\"Main Title\\\" (\\\"Golden Ticket\\\"/\\\"Pure Imagination\\\") by Walter Scharf from the film \\\"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\\\". Thor: Ragnarok (soundtrack) Thor: Ragnarok (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the Marvel Studios film \\\"\\\" composed by Mark Mothersbaugh. Hollywood Records released the album digitally on October 20, 2017, with a physical release\",\n \"title\": \"Thor: Ragnarok (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"444648\",\n \"text\": \"top of the American \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and was used as the background music at the London 2012 Olympics winners' medal presentation ceremonies. Vangelis also received acclaim for his synthesizer-based soundtrack for the 1982 film \\\"Blade Runner\\\". Having had a career in music spanning over 50 years and having composed and performed more than 50 albums, Vangelis is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of electronic music. Vangelis was born 29 March 1943, in Agria, near Volos, Greece. Largely a self-taught musician, he reportedly began composing at the age of three. His earliest\",\n \"title\": \"Vangelis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195211\",\n \"text\": \"official albums have been released containing music omitted from the film and also new compositions featuring a similar style. An orchestral rendition of part of the soundtrack was released in 1982 by the New American Orchestra. However, the original soundtrack album (1994) features vocal contributions from Demis Roussos (Vangelis's former bandmate in Aphrodite's Child) and the sax solo by Dick Morrissey on \\\"Love Theme\\\" (In the credits on page 3 of the 1994 Atlantic CD, Dick's last name is misspelled as \\\"Morrisey\\\"). The track \\\"Memories of Green\\\" from Vangelis' 1980 album \\\"See You Later\\\" was also included. A new release\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195216\",\n \"text\": \"of being mixed together seamlessly as was the case with all but three tracks in the 1994 version. Although this release claims to be the \\\"complete\\\" score, there is still some music heard in the film that is missing (in sequential order): The second disc, of previously unreleased music, contains additional music not present in the film, including two bonus tracks. One of these, \\\"Desolation Path\\\", is a slightly different version of \\\"Alternate Love Theme/I Dreamt Music\\\". This track was originally used in the workprint version of the film, during the Deckard/Rachel love scene. Vangelis recorded, mixed and produced the\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19488623\",\n \"text\": \"you exit the theatre with is Kangana's effortless performance.\\\" The music of the film have been composed by Sachin-Jigar while the lyrics have been penned by Priya Saraiya and Vayu. The first song titled as \\\"Lagdi Hai Thaai\\\" which is sung by Guru Randhawa and Jonita Gandhi was released on 11 August 2017. The second single to be released was \\\"Pinjra Tod Ke\\\" voiced by Sunidhi Chauhan was released on 18 August 2017. The soundtrack consists of 8 songs and was released by T-Series on 25 August 2017. The film opened to lukewarm response from the audience, with occupancy being\",\n \"title\": \"Simran (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19582579\",\n \"text\": \"a 15 certificate from the British Board of Film Classification. For the soundtrack, the 1868 Piano Concerto by Edvard Grieg was used. James Newton Howard wrote the score, recorded in October 2017, citing Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's \\\"Requiem\\\" and Igor Stravinsky's \\\"The Firebird\\\" as influences. He commenced work before seeing a cut of the film. The film was originally scheduled to be released by 20th Century Fox on November 10, 2017, but in April 2017 it was announced that the film's release would be pushed back to March 2, 2018, because it was seen as a less competitive one. The studio's\",\n \"title\": \"Red Sparrow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5195217\",\n \"text\": \"score for \\\"Blade Runner\\\" in his own recording space, Nemo Studios, in 1982. He utilised many contemporary electronic instruments in order to create the atmospheric soundscapes, which he crafted on an ad-hoc basis. This was done by viewing videotapes of scenes from the film in the studio, and then improvising pieces in synchronisation with the images on the screen. He also applied the use of some foley techniques, using the synthesisers to produce diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. The most prominent synthesiser used in the score was the Yamaha CS-80, which can be heard in the opening scenes, and subsequently throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13144336\",\n \"text\": \"score for \\\"House at the End of the Street\\\" was awarded the ASCAP PRS Film Award in 2013. Theo Green Theo Green is an award-winning film composer and sound designer, known for his music for \\\"The Gambler\\\", \\\"House at the End of the Street\\\", and his Academy Award nominated sound design for Blade Runner 2049. Green was in the New College Choir as a chorister of New College School in Oxford and later studied at Abingdon School and the Courtauld Institute of Art, London. 2008's BAFTA and BIFA-winning \\\"The Escapist\\\" was Green's first feature, as sound designer and additional composer,\",\n \"title\": \"Theo Green\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8347997\",\n \"text\": \"Witch Hunter\\\". He also composed the soundtrack for \\\"\\\", the sequel to \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\", and the 2016 Peter Berg film \\\"Deepwater Horizon\\\", starring Mark Wahlberg and Kurt Russell. Steve Jablonsky Steve Jablonsky (born October 9, 1970) is an American composer for film, television and video games, best known for his musical scores in the \\\"Transformers\\\" film series. Some of his frequent collaboration partners include film directors Michael Bay and Peter Berg, and fellow composer Hans Zimmer. Jablonsky went to the University of California, Berkeley for college. He studied computer science at the beginning, but switched to music composition\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Jablonsky\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19536749\",\n \"text\": \"synthesised drums and traditional orchestra. The soundtrack was digitally released on July 13, 2018 by Milan Records with the physical soundtrack being released later on August 3, 2018.. British singer and songwriter Jamie N Commons performed the song Walls which plays in the end credits of the film. The visual effects were done by Moving Picture Company, Method Studios, Image Engine and Industrial Light and Magic. Universal released the first official trailer in February 2018 and the second trailer on May 23, 2018. Promo posters in the form of \\\"The Towering Inferno\\\" (1974) and \\\"Die Hard\\\" (1988) were created, referencing\",\n \"title\": \"Skyscraper (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20456197\",\n \"text\": \"2018, as the week's highest ranking debut. It became the greatest gainer in the following week, climbing to number 19. It peaked at number 14 on February 3, 2018. Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2017 romantic drama film, \\\"Call Me by Your Name\\\". It features songs by The Psychedelic Furs, Franco Battiato, Loredana Bertè, Bandolero, Giorgio Moroder, Joe Esposito, and F. R. David, with compositions by John Adams, Erik Satie, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Maurice Ravel. American singer-songwriter Sufjan Stevens\",\n \"title\": \"Call Me by Your Name: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20328127\",\n \"text\": \"start date of July was established. In late April 2016, the film's release date was moved up to October 6, 2017, as well as Ana de Armas and Sylvia Hoeks being added to the cast. Carla Juri was cast in May 2016. In June, Mackenzie Davis and Barkhad Abdi were cast, with David Dastmalchian, Hiam Abbass and Lennie James joining in July. Jared Leto was added to the cast in August. In March 2017, Edward James Olmos confirmed he was in the film in a sequence playing original character Gaff. In September 2015, Warner Bros. trademarked the name \\\"Blade Runner:\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6868592\",\n \"text\": \"a previous relationship with Monica Campins. Gustavo Santaolalla Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for \\\"Brokeback Mountain\\\" in 2005, and \\\"Babel\\\" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game \\\"The Last of Us\\\", and the theme music for the Netflix series \\\"Making a Murderer\\\". Santaolalla was born in El Palomar, Argentina, and grew up during the military junta and period later known as the Dirty War. His professional music career began in 1967,\",\n \"title\": \"Gustavo Santaolalla\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20821620\",\n \"text\": \"produced by Srinivasa Chitturi and Rambabu Bandaru under the banners BR8 Creations, V. Y. Combines and Srinivasa Silver Screen. Cinematography was handled by Niketh Bommireddy, and editing by Suresh Arumugam. Filming began in February 2018 at Rajahmundry, and ended in June. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Poorna Chandra Tejaswi. The audio launch for the Tamil version took place on 31 August 2018 and also audio rights was bagged and taken by Sony Music India. The song \\\"The Karma Theme\\\", composed and sung by Anirudh Ravichander with Alisha Thomas on backing vocals, was released on 3 September 2018\",\n \"title\": \"U Turn (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"45484\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Blade Runner\\\". In light of the lack of a release of an album, the New American Orchestra recorded an orchestral adaptation in 1982 which bore little resemblance to the original. Some of the film tracks would, in 1989, surface on the compilation \\\"Vangelis: Themes\\\", but not until the 1992 release of the \\\"Director's Cut\\\" version would a substantial amount of the film's score see commercial release. These delays and poor reproductions led to the production of many bootleg recordings over the years. A bootleg tape surfaced in 1982 at science fiction conventions and became popular given the delay of an\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18295187\",\n \"text\": \"Production concluded on April 30, 2015. Academy Award-winning composer Howard Shore was originally chosen to write the music for the film. He was replaced during post-production by Daniel Hart, who had previously worked with director Lowery on other films, most notably \\\"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\\\" (2013). The soundtrack was released on August 12, 2016 by Walt Disney Records. Candle on the Water was the only original song to be featured on the 2016 soundtrack from the 1977 soundtrack. Though the song was not used in the film, it was re-recorded by Okkervil River for the 2016 soundtrack. The original version,\",\n \"title\": \"Pete's Dragon (2016 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20492941\",\n \"text\": \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack) Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2017 composed and conducted by John Williams. The album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 15, 2017 in digipak CD, Jewel case CD, digital formats, and streaming services. In July 2013, Kathleen Kennedy announced at Star Wars Celebration Europe that John Williams would return to score the \\\"Star Wars\\\" sequel trilogy. Williams confirmed his assignment for \\\"The Last Jedi\\\" at a Tanglewood concert in August 2016, stating he would begin recording the score \\\"off and on\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20633011\",\n \"text\": \"composer Campbell has written music for TV shows, films and video games like Breakout Kings (2011-2012), Medal of Honor: Warfighter (2012), Pacific Rim (film) (2013), The House of Magic (2013), The Strain (TV series) (2014-2017), Dracula Untold (2014), Game of Thrones (2011- ), Warcraft (film) (2016), Person of Interest (2011-2016), Gears of War 4 (2016), The Great Wall (film) (2016), Prison Break (2005-2017), and A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) (2018). In 2018 Campbell composed the score for the drama-comedy \\\"Funny Story\\\" as well as Sylvain White's horror film \\\"Slender Man\\\". Brandon Campbell Brandon Campbell is an American music composer\",\n \"title\": \"Brandon Campbell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11389260\",\n \"text\": \"(dir. Brett Haley). He also premiered his second collaboration with Alex Ross Perry, \\\"Queen of Earth\\\", at the 2015 Berlin Film Festival. In 2016 he composed the soundtrack for the 2017 movie The Hero starring Sam Elliott, Laura Prepon, Nick Offerman and Katharine Ross. Most recently, DeWitt has teamed with fellow Nashville, TN artist Jeremy Bullock to form Wild Cub. They released their debut 13-song full length LP in August 2013 (January 2014 UK release) entitled \\\"Youth\\\". Their sophomore 11-song LP \\\"Closer\\\" was released in 2017. Wild Cub has been part of SXSW, Bonnaroo, CMJ and other prominent festivals and\",\n \"title\": \"Keegan DeWitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20882150\",\n \"text\": \"Skyscraper (soundtrack) Skyscraper – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 2018 film of the same name, written and composed by Steve Jablonsky. The score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London with an orchestra conducted by Alastair King. Additional mixing was done at Arata Music Studios. The soundtrack was digitally released on July 13, 2018 by Milan Records with the physical soundtrack being released later on August 3, 2018. Steve Jablonsky was hired to score the film, replacing Thurber's frequent composer, Theodore Shapiro. For the basis of the score, Jablonsky worked with traditional orchestra and\",\n \"title\": \"Skyscraper (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16659332\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hunger Games\\\" and \\\"Twilight Saga\\\" franchises, and we're especially pleased that we can introduce our newest young adult franchise, \\\"Divergent\\\", to the movie going public in the premium IMAX format that celebrates its status as a special and memorable event.\\\" The score for \\\"Divergent\\\" was composed by Junkie XL and executive produced by his longtime mentor Hans Zimmer. Ellie Goulding's \\\"Beating Heart\\\" was included in the film as original soundtrack and later the assisting video was also released from Goulding's YouTube channel. Goulding's \\\"Dead In The Water\\\" was also included on the soundtrack. Randall Poster served as the film's music\",\n \"title\": \"Divergent (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15674342\",\n \"text\": \"The Passion on FOX, which aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016. In 2017, Anders produced ABC's anticipated remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin, in addition to executive producing its soundtrack. Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie Anders worked as the Executive Song Producer and Soundtrack album Producer for Dreamworks' based on the series of children's novels of the same name by Dav Pilkey. Anders, with longtime collaborator Peer Astrom, produced the eleven song album. The soundtrack included artists such as Adam Lambert, Lil Yachty, Andy Grammer, Weird Al Yankovic on the film's theme song and original score by\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Anders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20442649\",\n \"text\": \"October 27. On October 25, 2017, it was announced that a vinyl double-LP of the soundtrack album would be released on December 15, 2017, in a numbered limited edition of 2500, pressed on 180-gram premium vinyl, intended for audiophiles. Although the information about the release mentioned that the album would have 24 tracks, the advertised tracks on sites selling it shows only 20 tracks, with the tracks by Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley being omitted from the LPs. Note indicates tracks that are not on the limited edition two-LP vinyl release Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack) Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion\",\n \"title\": \"Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18967450\",\n \"text\": \"right\\\", but found \\\"really cool ways\\\" to move the skeletons. The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. Germaine Franco, Adrian Molina, Robert Lopez, and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote the songs. Recording for the score began on August 14, 2017. The score was released on November 10, 2017. Following the 90th Academy Awards ceremony, where \\\"Remember Me\\\" won the award for Best Original Song, the album broke the top 40 on the Billboard 200 charts, jumping from 120 to 39, where it peaked before dropping to 64. In the week of March 8, the Miguel version of \\\"Remember Me\\\" gained 1.58\",\n \"title\": \"Coco (2017 film)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who did the music for the new blade runner film"}}},{"rowIdx":274,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Cape Gracias a Dios"],"string":"[\n \"Cape Gracias a Dios\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"5566191","text":"northeastern Venezuela, though after entering the Caribbean Sea, another reconnaissance flight was unable to confirm the existence of a low-level circulation. Shortly thereafter, while moving into an area of light wind shear, it was able to organize and strengthen further, and on September 7 the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm \"Edith\" near the island of Curaçao. While initially, a cold-core upper-level low persisted about 750 miles (1200 km) northwest of the storm, Edith moved west-northwestward due to the influence of a narrow and persistent ridge of high pressure, which extended from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566196","text":"northeastward and regained hurricane status. The hurricane turned to the east-northeast as it approached the coast of Louisiana, and made landfall on September 16 in a sparsely populated area 30 miles (48 km) east of Cameron with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h), equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Edith rapidly weakened over land, degenerating into a tropical storm over Louisiana, and into a tropical depression over Mississippi. It continued to the east-northeast, and dissipated over northwestern Georgia on September 18. Fourteen hours prior to Edith making landfall in Central America, the National Hurricane Center","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566194","text":"it moved northwestward, and made landfall near Belize City with tropical storm winds of 70 mph (115 km/h). Edith weakened further while crossing the Yucatán Peninsula, and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Campeche, Mexico late on September 11 as a minimal tropical storm. Edith initially failed to re-intensify as it moved northwestward, despite low amounts of wind shear and warm waters. This was because an anticyclone over the Gulf was closely connected with Hurricane Fern, which developed and moved over the northwestern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. The anticyclone resulted in an easterly upper-level flow across Edith,","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566189","text":"of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida, of which a few destroyed entire buildings. Damage in the United States totaled US$25 million (1971 dollars, $ in dollars). A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa near Dakar on August 31. It moved westward into the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and organized into a tropical disturbance on September 2 with a small, circular area of convection. The system moved to the","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566190","text":"west, and on September 3, the convection diminished after moving west of 40° W. By the next day, the tropical disturbance was barely discernible from the clouds of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The wave gradually became detached from the ITCZ, and based on a reconnaissance flight that confirmed the existence of a low-level circulation, it is estimated the system developed into a tropical depression on September 5 while located 255 miles (415 km) east of Grenada. The depression moved westward quickly, and moved through the southern Lesser Antilles early on September 6. The southern portion of the circulation passed over","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566197","text":"warned citizens about the extreme danger of the approaching hurricane, and asked them to prepare for hurricane conditions. While the storm was located in the Gulf of Mexico, the National Hurricane Center issued a Hurricane Warning from Cameron to Morgan City, Louisiana eighteen hours before the hurricane made landfall. Edith later struck land in the middle portion of the warning area. In Belize, officials ordered the mandatory evacuation of low-lying areas, resulting in hundreds of residents leaving to the United States through the international airport. Officials sent police troops to maintain order and prevent looting. In the Gulf of Mexico,","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566193","text":"led to a release of baroclinic energy. Reconnaissance aircraft crews in the peak of the storm reported extreme turbulence, causing concern for the safety of the crews. At its peak intensity, the very well-defined \"pinhole\" eye was only 5 miles (8 km) in diameter. Late on September 9, Hurricane Edith made landfall on northeastern Nicaragua at Cabo Gracias a Dios. Hurricane Edith rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of northeastern Central America, and 18 hours after it made landfall, it emerged into the Gulf of Honduras as an 80 mph (130 km/h) Category 1 hurricane. It continued to weaken as","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566198","text":"several oil facilities were closed or placed on automatic controls. Drilling rigs as far east as the coastal waters off of Mississippi were prepared to evacuate in the event Edith moved further east than anticipated. Additionally, thousands evacuated coastal areas of Louisiana prior to the arrival of the hurricane. Several shelters opened in coastal cities, and many people prepared for the hurricane by purchasing emergency supplies. Officials closed schools throughout much of southern Louisiana. While passing through the southern Lesser Antilles, the tropical depression produced heavy rainfall and winds of around 35 mph (55 km/h). Edith produced tropical storm force","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"14709273","text":"September 25, the storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Curving north-northwest on September 26, Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, early on the following day as a minimal hurricane. Interaction with land and an upper-level trough caused Edith to weaken to a tropical storm on September 28 and to a tropical depression by the next day. The storm dissipated just east of the Bahamas on September 29. In Martinique, a wind gust of was observed at Le Lamentin Airport; tides about above normal and heavy rainfall impacted the island. Throughout the island, about 6,000 homes were demolished and","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"5566200","text":"in dollars). Three United States Air Force aircraft delivered food, medical supplies, and fuel to the hurricane victims of Nicaragua. In Honduras, the hurricane produced 15 foot (4.5 m) tides and strong winds, while strong waves destroyed 40 fishing boats as well. While the hurricane reportedly destroyed entire villages, no deaths occurred in Honduras. Offshore islands in Belize reported winds of up to 60 mph (95 km/h). Edith produced flooding in a few towns in the southern portion of the country, with some buildings damaged. Heavy damage was reported near Monkey River Town. Impact in Mexico, if any, is unknown.","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566195","text":"creating conditions not conducive for intensification. As Fern moved inland over Texas, the flow became more favorable around Edith, and 36 hours after entering the Gulf of Mexico, the storm began to reintensify slightly. Edith continued moving to the west-northwest, heading towards the coast of Mexico, but early on September 14, the storm stalled while located just off the coast of Tamaulipas. A mid-latitude trough of low pressure approached the storm, and caused Edith to turn to slowly drift towards the northeast. Located only miles from the Mexican coast, Edith again failed to strengthen until September 15, when it accelerated","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"5566202","text":"were safely rescued. While making landfall in Louisiana, Edith resulted in above normal tides of up to 9.7 feet (2.9 m) above normal at Cypremont Point near Morgan City. The highest winds reported by a land station were 69 mph (111 km/h) at Cameron, where a wind gust of 96 mph (155 km/h) was also reported. However, due to the lack of recording instruments near the hurricane's landing point, whether higher winds occurred there is not known, although likely. Rainfall was moderate across Louisiana, including amounts of over 8 inches (200 mm) in the southwestern portion of the state. A","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"13445073","text":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia Hurricane Irene–Olivia was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone to move into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic basin. It originated as a tropical depression on September 11, 1971, in the tropical Atlantic. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the Pacific,","title":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia"},{"id":"14709281","text":"particularly from Cabo Rojo to Humacao, residents were told to evacuate. Police and the Civil Defense assisted with evacuations. Additionally, residents of low-lying areas in Dominican Republic and Haiti were advised to seek higher ground. Hurricane Edith was responsible for approximately $46.6 million in damage. Edith passed just north of Barbados and delivered between of rain to the island. Wind speeds were between in the northern section of the island. Damage on the island totaled $145,000. In Martinique, the meteorological station at Le Lamentin Airport experienced wind gusts up to . Wind and flood damage was reported, along with abnormally","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"5566188","text":"Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"13445087","text":"O. Hurricane Irene–Olivia Hurricane Irene–Olivia was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone to move into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic basin. It originated as a tropical depression on September 11, 1971, in the tropical Atlantic. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the","title":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia"},{"id":"14709277","text":"north-northwestward toward the Mona Passage. It made landfall slightly west of La Romana, Dominican Republic, around 08:00 UTC on September 27 with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Edith crossed the island in about eight hours and maintained hurricane status. However, the cyclone weakened over the Atlantic and eastern Bahamas due to further land interaction and a frontal low pressure area, which developed near South Florida a few days earlier and moved east-northeastward to a location about from Edith. As a result, the pressure gradient in the Bahamas region weakened significantly, disrupting the easterly flow north of Edith. At 00:00","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"14709285","text":"In Maricao, winds and strong thunderstorms caused a few trees to be blown down. In Mayagüez, low-lying areas adjacent to the Yagüez River flooded after the river rose between above its average crest, causing about 300 people to flee their homes. Two homes were demolished and another was extensively damaged. Along the coast, waves inundated waterfront streets, leaving them barely passable. Approximately of sugar cane fields were flooded in and around Añasco, Cabo Rojos, Hormigueros, and Lajas. Additionally, harvest equipment and a large amount of fertilizer were destroyed. Throughout Puerto Rico, agricultural damage alone was estimated to be over $150,000.","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"3345437","text":"Flores Island in the Azores. An Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance developed into a tropical depression while east of the Windward Islands on September 23. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Only six hours later, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1 and 2 status as it moved west-northwest; its central pressure was analyzed at on September 24. After striking Saint Lucia on September 25, the storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Curving north-northwest on September 26, Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, early on the following day as a minimal hurricane.","title":"1963 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"13445086","text":"the closure of a portion of U.S. Route 95. In Navajo and Pinal counties, the rainfall damaged roads, bridges, sewers, and homes, which amounted to about $250,000 in repair work for the state of Arizona. The storm's moisture also produced locally heavy snowfall in higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains. Irene–Olivia is unusual in that it survived passage from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. Only nine other named storms are known to have done so. Irene was the first of three Atlantic-to-Pacific crossover tropical cyclones in the 1970s, all three of which took eastern Pacific names starting with the letter","title":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia"},{"id":"14709284","text":"three others. Additionally, electrical and telephone lines were downed. Just offshore, Gatas, the island containing the Club Náutico de Ponce, was completely inundated. Damages to the yacht club totaled $100,000 and damages to the boats totaled $15,000. Flooding in the area resulted in about $25,000 in damage. At the Agricultural Experiment Station in Lajas, crops were heavily damaged by high winds. Near Salinas, about of Highway 1 was destroyed by high surf. Several beach front properties were badly damaged. Cabo Rojo bore the brunt of the storm with the center passing within , resulting major flooding and extensive wind damage.","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"14709282","text":"high waves. Throughout the island, about 6,000 homes were demolished and 13,000 other were severely impacted. Agriculture suffered significantly, with bananas and other food crops destroyed, while sugar cane experienced significant damage. Edith left 10 fatalities and 50 people seriously injured. Damage was estimated to be $40 million. Saint Lucia experienced wind gusts up to , damaging about half of the banana crop. These winds were accompanied by heavy, flooding rains and the island received wind and flood damage as the hurricane made landfall. The damage on the island totaled just under $3.5 million. Throughout southwestern Puerto Rico, the storm","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"3377695","text":"on September 5 to the east of the southern Lesser Antilles. It moved quickly across the southern Caribbean Sea, intensifying into a hurricane just off the north coast of South America. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico, a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"14709286","text":"Impact in the Dominican Republic was minor, though winds between and heavy rain were recorded. At Turks and Caicos Islands, sustained winds of were observed, with gusts up to . Hurricane Edith (1963) Hurricane Edith brought flooding and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The sixth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1963 season, Edith developed east of the Windward Islands on September 23 from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Shortly thereafter, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"5566187","text":"Hurricane Edith (1971) Hurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic until surpassed by Hurricane Felix of 2007. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"13403536","text":"people from low-lying areas. Accurate forecasts from satellite and ship data were credited with preventing a significant death toll, although the population did not know of the storm's approach until a day before landfall. Officials advised ships to return to port for safety, and the threat of the storm canceled a baseball game. As Olivia moved ashore, it produced locally heavy rainfall, peaking at in Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. The heaviest rains occurred in a narrow region where the hurricane made landfall, although precipitation of around 1 in (25 mm) reached as far south as Michoacán, 340 mi (550 km) south","title":"Hurricane Olivia (1975)"},{"id":"13445075","text":"crop. Later, the remnants of Hurricane Olivia produced rainfall in the southwest United States. Flooding was reported near Yuma, Arizona, which closed a major highway, and the moisture produced snowfall in higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains. The origins of the hurricane were from a tropical wave that exited the west African coast on September 7. It moved rapidly westward, developing into a tropical depression on September 11 about 800 miles (1300 km) east of the Windward Islands. It was one of seven active tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin that day, one of the most active single days on","title":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia"},{"id":"15853224","text":"August 27, becoming the first hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Hurricane Ike in 2008. Early on the following day, the storm re-emerged into the Atlantic from southeastern Virginia. Although Irene remained a hurricane over water, it weakened to a tropical storm while making yet another landfall in the Little Egg Inlet in southeastern New Jersey on August 27. A few hours later, Irene made its ninth and final landfall in Brooklyn, New York City. Early on August 29, Irene transitioned into an extratropical cyclone hitting Vermont after remaining inland as a tropical cyclone for less than","title":"Hurricane Irene"},{"id":"5754983","text":"in the United States, according to the Social Security online database. It became far less common as a name for children by the late 20th century. The name Edith has four name days: May 14 in Estonia, October 31 in Sweden, July 5 in Latvia, and September 16 in France and Lithuania. Edith Edith is a female given name, derived from the Old English words ēad, meaning 'riches or blessed', and ġȳð, meaning 'war', and is in common usage in this form in English, German, many Scandinavian languages and Dutch. Its French form, also a common name in French, is","title":"Edith"},{"id":"3375581","text":"the west, and struck Cuba on May 24 with maximum winds of . As Alma crossed the eastern Gulf of Mexico, it retained a well-defined circulation with an eye feature evident on weather radar, but the persistent shear limited the system's intensity. Tropical Depression Alma made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, on May 25 and became extratropical two days later over North Carolina. Although Alma passed just offshore, impact in Central America, if any, is unknown. In the Cayman Islands, winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) were reported. Impact was most severe in Cuba, where flash flooding caused seven fatalities,","title":"1970 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"14338669","text":"Tropical Storm Laura (1971) Tropical Storm Laura was the final storm in the active 1971 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed on November 12 in the western Caribbean Sea, and reached winds of 70 mph (120 km/h) as it approached western Cuba. Across the island, Laura produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 32.5 inches (83 cm). The resulting flooding killed one person and caused crop damage. 26,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes. Initially, Laura was forecast to move across the island and impact the southern United States, but it executed a small loop and turned to the southwest. The storm","title":"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)"},{"id":"14709274","text":"13,000 others were severely impacted. Agriculture suffered significantly, with bananas and other food crops destroyed, while sugar cane experienced significant damage. Winds up to caused significant damage on Dominica and strong winds on Saint Lucia ruined about half of the island's banana crop. In Puerto Rico, the storm brought heavy rainfall to the southwest corner of the island and abnormally high tides to the south coast. Several beach front properties were badly damaged, particularly in the Salinas municipality. Overall, Edith caused 10 deaths, all on Martinique, and approximately $46.6 million (1963 USD) in damage. An area of disturbed weather in","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"14709275","text":"the Intertropical Convergence Zone was first observed on September 22 by the Dutch tanker \"Aceteon\". On the following day, imagery from TIROS VII indicated that a surface circulation developed. With a reconnaissance aircraft observing winds of , a tropical depression developed at 12:00 UTC on September 23 about east-southeast of Barbados. Later that day, the U.S. Weather Bureau initiated advisories on the system. Another flight on September 24 indicated that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith by 12:00 UTC. Six hours later, the system intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Around","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"14709283","text":"brought moderate rains, strong winds, and rough seas. Over of precipitation fell in the Lajas Valley during the passage of Hurricane Edith, while an official peak rainfall total of was observed on Isla Magueyes. Several southern and western locations in Puerto Rico observed tropical storm force winds, with the highest sustained wind speed of recorded in Cabo Rojo. Along the coast, rough seas were reported, with waves as high as waves high as lashing Ensenada, located in the municipality of Guánica. In Ponce, waves flooded low-lying areas of the Playa de Ponce barrio. Winds deroofed six homes and severely damaged","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"5566204","text":"mile (5 km) path. The hurricane caused extensive damage to the sugar cane crop in southwestern Louisiana. About a month after Edith struck the United States, President Richard Nixon declared portions of Louisiana as a disaster area, which allocated relief funds to aid the affected citizens. In Mississippi, wind gusts peaked at 70 mph (112 km/h) in Hattiesburg, with multiple locations reporting tropical-storm-force winds. Additionally, Edith produced moderate rainfall peaking at 6.15 inches (156 mm) in Liberty. In Alabama, the storm caused light rains, moderate wind gusts, and a storm tide of 2.7 feet (0.8 m) in Mobile. Edith spawned","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"3377703","text":"its path, although impact was greatest in Nicaragua where it moved ashore as a hurricane. A total of 96 homes were destroyed, and 1,200 people were left homeless. The rainfall resulted in widespread flooding, killing three people in Rivas. In neighboring Costa Rica, Hurricane Irene caused more than $1 million (1971 USD, $ USD) in damage to the banana crop. The hurricane was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone that moved into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean. The origins of Janice were from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on September 18. It","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"5566201","text":"Two stations in Texas recorded sustained tropical force winds, and Galveston reported a peak wind gust of 53 mph (85 km/h). While moving past the state, Edith produced above normal tides of over 4 feet (1.2 m) in locations, which flooded a portion of Highway 87. The storm dropped light to moderate amounts of rainfall peaking at 3.5 inches (89 mm) in Sabine Pass. The passage of Hurricane Edith resulted in downed trees and power lines, and damage totaling US$180,000 (1971 dollars, $900,000 in 2006 dollars). Off the coast of Louisiana, the hurricane wrecked three boats, but all the occupants","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"14338675","text":"flock of great black-backed gulls toward Central America and north-coastal South America; the species is usually found in the Mid-Atlantic states, and were migrating to the Gulf Coast or Cuba when they were affected by the storm. When Laura's path was uncertain, forecasters advised fishermen to remain at port along the Yucatan Peninsula and southern Florida. Gale warnings were also issued for the Florida Keys, due to the uncertainty. No significant damage or casualties were reported in Central America, although heavy rainfall was reported across the region. On Glover's Reef off the coast of British Honduras (now Belize), the storm","title":"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)"},{"id":"14338674","text":"and overall the storm impacted four provinces, including Isle of Youth, Pinar del Río, La Habana, and the city of Havana. On the Isle of Youth, Laura produced winds of 70 mph (120 km/h), with gusts to 80 mph (130 km/h). On the mainland, the storm destroyed 20 homes and several tobacco sheds, with damage also reported to the coffee, sugar, fruit, and vegetable crops. Due to the flooding, officials forced 26,000 people from their homes in Pinar del Río, and one person in that province drowned while crossing a river. The storm's passage was believed to have diverted a","title":"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)"},{"id":"5566199","text":"winds in Aruba, and gusts reached 60 mph (95 km/h). Two fishermen were reported lost at sea and presumed dead as a result of Edith. Edith produced strong winds across northeastern Nicaragua and eastern Honduras, with Puerto Lempira reporting an unofficial sustained wind of 140 mph (225 km/h). Press reports indicated every house in the Cape Gracias area was destroyed or heavily damaged, leaving 7,000 homeless. The meteorological service in British Honduras stated there were 100 fatalities near Cape Gracias, though a later report indicated 35 people died in Nicaragua. There, damage was estimated at over US$380,000 (1971 dollars, $","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"14709279","text":"also issued for areas north of Guadeloupe to Sint Maarten. As Edith approached Saint Lucia around 08:00 UTC on September 25, a hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The warnings and advice given by the San Juan Weather Bureau were credited for limiting damage and loss of life on Martinique. After Edith entered the Caribbean later on September 25, the watch was spread to Haiti and the Dominican Republic, while gale warnings were issued for the south coast of Hispaniola, east of Santo Domingo, as well as Puerto Rico the Virgin Islands. At 08:00 UTC","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"6622155","text":"Isle, Louisiana. After Kate moved ashore, the NHC issued gale warnings along the East Coast of the United States from St. Augustine, Florida to Chincoteague, Virginia. Early in its duration, Hurricane Kate sank one boat near Puerto Rico and disabled three others. The crew of five on the sunken boat were rescued after 17 hours. Several homes in northern Puerto Rico were damaged, forcing hundreds to evacuate. Flooding was also reported in the Dominican Republic, including around the capital Santo Domingo. Heavy rainfall and winds up to were reported in the Turks and Caicos Islands. In Jamaica, heavy precipitation caused","title":"Hurricane Kate (1985)"},{"id":"13662374","text":"depression approached the Florida coast, radar imagery indicated the system remained well-organized, with a spiral band structure around an eye feature; however, wind shear limited convection and strength, and Alma moved ashore as a depression near Cedar Key on May 25. It turned northeastward and moved across the southeastern United States, becoming extratropical in North Carolina on May 27. After moving off the coast of Virginia, the remnants of Alma were absorbed by an approaching cold front. After Alma weakened from hurricane status, it passed near the Cayman Islands on May 21, where winds of up to were recorded. Gale-force","title":"Hurricane Alma (1970)"},{"id":"14709278","text":"UTC on September 28, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Edith struck North Caicos in the Turks and Caicos Islands about 18 hours later with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Edith curved northeastward and weakened to a tropical depression early on September 29, shortly before dissipating about northeast of Mayaguana island in the Bahamas. The remnants of Edith were lasted noted moving in tandem with the frontal low well east of Bermuda. At 18:00 UTC on September 24, when Edith intensified into a hurricane, hurricane warnings were issued from Guadeloupe to Saint Vincent, including Barbados. Gale warnings were","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"18821257","text":"circulation centers to decouple. By 18:00 UTC on June 7, the hurricane degraded to a tropical storm. Around 10:30 UTC on June 8, Blanca made landfall over Isla Santa Margarita off the coast of Baja California Sur before striking the mainland, near Puerto Argudin, at 11:15 UTC. This marked the earliest known landfall in the state, and peninsula, on record during a calendar year. It surpassed the previous earliest—Tropical Storm Calvin on July 8, 1993—by a month. Turning back to the northwest, the system briefly emerged back over the Pacific Ocean before weakening to a tropical depression. Blanca made its","title":"Hurricane Blanca (2015)"},{"id":"3377702","text":"of the Windward Islands. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the Pacific, Irene was renamed Hurricane Olivia, which ultimately attained peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) before weakening and dissipating over northwestern Mexico. In the Atlantic, Irene produced moderate rainfall and winds along","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"10841867","text":"of Henriette made landfall just east of Cabo San Lucas on the afternoon of September 4 with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It was over land for only about six hours before emerging into the Gulf of California. The brief interaction with land caused a slight weakening, but Henriette remained a Category 1 hurricane for most of that day. The next day it made final landfall near Guaymas in the state of Sonora. Henriette weakened quickly over land and dissipated over the mountains of northwestern Mexico early on September 6. The remnants of Tropical Storm Henriette continued to track","title":"Hurricane Henriette (2007)"},{"id":"3377707","text":"26,000 people to evacuate their homes. Initially, Laura was forecast to move across the island and impact the southern United States, but it executed a small loop and turned to the southwest. The storm moved ashore on Belize, one of only four November storms to affect the country. Little impact occurred during Laura's final landfall, and it dissipated on November 22 over central Guatemala. In addition to the named storms and otherwise notable cyclones, there were several weak depressions during the season. After a June devoid of activity, three tropical depressions developed within the first ten days of July. The","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3349415","text":"Senegal, the storm itself brought severe flooding and wind impacts to the Lesser Antilles and Florida, where Donna made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It moved northeast and struck North Carolina and Long Island, New York, while still at hurricane intensity. Donna caused at least 227 fatalities and $900 million (1960 USD) in damage. Hurricane Ethel reached Category 3 intensity, but rapidly weakened before making landfall in Mississippi, resulting in only 1 fatality and $1.5 million in losses. The final storm, Florence, developed on September 17. It remained weakened and moved erratically over Cuba and Florida. Only minor flooding","title":"1960 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"7966828","text":"and the eye became asymmetrical and partially open in the northeast quadrant. On October 25, the typhoon further weakened to a tropical storm just off the coast of Vietnam. Later that day, the system made its final landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph). Rapid weakening ensued as Kate moved over the high terrain of southwest Asia, with the storm degrading to a tropical depression within six hours of moving inland. The system dissipated within the next 24 hours as it moved over the plateau region of Cambodia. Both JTWC and JMA released their final","title":"Typhoon Kate (1970)"},{"id":"3377696","text":"the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"15765073","text":"a track that spared Texas from significant impact. On September 12, it moved ashore in northeastern Mexico in the state of Tamaulipas with winds of . The hurricane left one death due to a destroyed house. Ella weakened while moving inland and dissipated on September 13. The origins of Hurricane Ella were from a well-defined trough that extended from the San Andres archipelago to Florida in early September. A tropical depression developed from the system on September 8 near Swan Island off the north coast of Honduras. Moving northwestward, the depression failed to strengthen much before striking the Yucatán Peninsula","title":"Hurricane Ella (1970)"},{"id":"15887264","text":"the extreme eastern part of the province. Rainfall occurred further north into Labrador, with precipitation of at least being reported as far north as Groswater Bay. Further south in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, rainfall amounts did not exceed . No flooding was reported in Atlantic Canada. On the offshore French Territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, severe wind damage was also reported on Saint-Pierre. Several homes and a church lost its roof. 1970 Canada hurricane The 1970 Canada hurricane was an unnamed tropical cyclone that brought impact to Bermuda and Newfoundland. The fourth","title":"1970 Canada hurricane"},{"id":"3363741","text":"15 days, eventually dissipating over France after wrecking a ship offshore northern Spain, killing 14 people. Hurricane Doria co-existed with Beulah and Chloe, taking an unusual trajectory over the eastern United States; it killed three people in a boating accident offshore New Jersey. In late September, Tropical Storm Edith was a minimal storm that moved through the Lesser Antilles without serious impact. Hurricane Fern killed three people when it struck Mexico north of Tampico. Tropical Storm Ginger existed in the far eastern Atlantic in early October, and Hurricane Heidi stalled over the northern Atlantic Ocean at the end of the","title":"1967 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"18137738","text":"storm throughout the country. Hurricane Arthur was the earliest recorded landfalling North Carolina hurricane, coming onshore at 03:15 UTC on July 4. At Cape Lookout, a peak wind gust of and 1-minute maximum sustained winds of were recorded. A United States Coast Guard station in Cape Hatteras observed a peak gust of . An EF1 tornado touched down in Duplin County, damaging two structures and many trees, while a funnel cloud was sighted within the vicinity of Elm City. Another EF1 tornado was reported in Martin County, which knocked a tree onto a house. The highest rainfall total measured as","title":"Hurricane Arthur"},{"id":"5093205","text":"its peak strength, making it the strongest tropical cyclone to ever hit Atlantic Canada. Ginny became extratropical shortly thereafter, and its remnants dissipated on October 30 in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Early in its duration, the precursor to Ginny dropped high amounts of rainfall. Monción in the Dominican Republic reported , and Green Turtle Cay in the Bahamas reported . Despite Ginny's proximity to the United States for over a week, a hurricane warning was only issued from Charleston, South Carolina, and Cape Fear, North Carolina, as well as Cape Hatteras. This represented about one-sixth of the entire coastline","title":"Hurricane Ginny"},{"id":"1176814","text":"the beach, the train trestle was damaged and the Carolina Yacht Club had to be completely rebuilt. A few smaller storms hit in the early 1900s but none did extensive damage. The next big hit came from Hurricane Hazel, which made landfall on October 15, 1954 at Holden Beach. This was the third named hurricane to hit the area within 7 weeks and is the only category 4 hurricane to make landfall in North Carolina. The storm headed up the coast devastating Yaupon Beach, Long Beach and Southport before hitting Carolina Beach and Wrightsville Beach. Hurricane Connie hit the beach","title":"Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina"},{"id":"6788288","text":"storm and fourth hurricane of the record-breaking season. Although there were initial fears of a landfall in the United States due to uncertainty in predicting the storm's track, Hurricane Irene never approached land and caused no recorded damage; however, swells up to and strong rip currents resulted in one fatality in Long Beach, New York. Hurricane Irene began as a Cape Verde storm. A vigorous tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on August 1, initially weakening due to cooler sea surface temperatures. It moved westward and passed near Cape Verde, where convection started to increase. The system","title":"Hurricane Irene (2005)"},{"id":"3656415","text":"Hurricane Carmen Hurricane Carmen was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1974 Atlantic hurricane season. A destructive and widespread storm, Carmen originated as a tropical disturbance that emerged from Africa toward the end of August. The disturbance traveled westward, spawning a tropical depression east of the Lesser Antilles on August 29. The storm moved through the Caribbean Sea, and in an environment conducive to intensification, it quickly strengthened to its initial peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Carmen moved ashore on the Yucatán Peninsula, where, despite striking a sparsely populated region, it caused","title":"Hurricane Carmen"},{"id":"3377691","text":"65 mph (105 km/h) as it was making landfall near Morehead City, North Carolina. It turned to the northeast, and moved through the Mid-Atlantic and New England as a tropical storm before becoming an extratropical storm over Maine on August 29. In North Carolina, Doria produced moderate rainfall, resulting in localized flooding and damage. The storm spawned a tornado near Norfolk, Virginia, damaging twelve houses and downing hundreds of trees. Tropical Storm Doria dropped heavy precipitation in New Jersey, peaking at 10.29 in (261 mm) in Little Falls. The rainfall led to record-breaking river levels and flooding in several houses,","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"13307564","text":"reintensified into a cyclone east of the Gold Coast, and it crossed the Queensland coast north of Brisbane at Redcliffe. Widespread structural damage was reported, with numerous power lines falling and roofs being uproofed. Cyclone Ida existed from 16 to 22 February 1971 in the Coral Sea. Cyclone Fiona existed from 16 to 28 February 1971. It developed from remains of Cyclone Gertie, which was located in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Cyclone Lena existed from 13 to 20 March 1971 near New Caledonia. Tropical Depression Nora caused minor damage and gale-force winds over the Yasawa and Mamanuca islands, Viti-Levu as","title":"1970–71 South Pacific cyclone season"},{"id":"3377712","text":"that were not assigned are marked in . Storms were named Beth, Kristy and Laura for the first time in 1971. No names were retired after the 1971 season. Kristy, Rachel, Sandra, and Wallis are currently being used in the East Pacific lists. This is a table of the storms in 1971 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. 1971 Atlantic hurricane season The 1971","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"13407824","text":"Hurricane Lily (1971) Hurricane Lily was a short-lived Category 1 hurricane of August 1971 that devastated the city of Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. Forming from an area of cloudiness associated with former Atlantic Tropical Storm Chloe, the storm slowly intensified, building to peak intensity just before landfall northwest of Manzanillo, Colima on August 31. The hurricane quickly weakened and became extratropical. After leaving land, the extratropical remnants of Lily dissipated on September 1. The storm's movement close to land affected shipping due to the limited warning, which was partially set back due to difficulties in clarifying the hurricane's position on","title":"Hurricane Lily (1971)"},{"id":"8789897","text":"Hurricane Abby (1968) Hurricane Abby made landfall in Cuba, Florida, and North Carolina in June 1968. The first tropical cyclone, first named storm, and first hurricane on the season, Abby developed over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on June 1, as a result of the interaction between a mid-tropospheric trough and a cold front. Moving generally north-northeastward, the depression slowly strengthened while approaching the western tip of Cuba, becoming Tropical Storm Abby late on June 2. Shortly thereafter, Abby made landfall in Pinar del Río Province. The storm dropped heavy rainfall in western Cuba, with up to on Isla de la","title":"Hurricane Abby (1968)"},{"id":"1965717","text":"Hurricane Hugo Hurricane Hugo was a powerful Cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread damage and loss of life in Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, and the Southeast United States. It formed over the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands on September 9, 1989. Hugo moved thousands of miles across the Atlantic, rapidly strengthening to briefly attain Category 5 hurricane strength on its journey. It later crossed over Guadeloupe, St. Croix and St. Thomas on September 17 and 18 as a Category 4 hurricane. Weakening slightly more, it passed over Puerto Rico as a strong Category 3 hurricane.","title":"Hurricane Hugo"},{"id":"5093204","text":"turned sharply northeastward off the northeast Florida coast, coming within of Daytona Beach. The hurricane continued paralleling the coast of the Southeastern United States, turning northeast away from Georgia and South Carolina. On October 26, Ginny turned to the east away from the United States, having been located within of the country's coast for eight consecutive days. The next day, the hurricane began a motion to the northeast, accelerating in advance of an approaching trough. It gradually intensified, reaching peak winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) on October 29. Later that day, Ginny made landfall on southwestern Nova Scotia at","title":"Hurricane Ginny"},{"id":"3349362","text":"a 130 mph (215 km/h) Category 4 hurricane in South Carolina on August 29. It brought strong winds, rough seas, heavy rainfall, and tornadoes to the state, as well as North Carolina and Virginia. Overall, Gracie caused 22 fatalities and $14 million in damage. Following Hurricane Gracie was Hurricane Hannah, a long-lived storm that did not cause any known impact on land. The last two tropical cyclones, Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Judith, both caused minor coastal and inland flooding in Florida. The storms of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season were collectively attributed to $24 million (1959 USD) and 64","title":"1959 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"6476836","text":"left 768 people dead (with 193 missing), and caused $74 million in damage (1970 USD), mostly from agricultural losses. Tropical Storm Kate developed just behind Typhoon Joan, east of the southern Philippines on October 14. It tracked westward as a small cyclone, and strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th. It made landfall twice, once in the Philippines and once in Vietnam, resulting in at least 631 fatalities (with 284 missing) and $50 million in damage. The remnants of Tropical Storm Nora contributed to the formation of the 1970 Bhola cyclone which devastated East Pakistan (Modern day Bangladesh). A tropical","title":"1970 Pacific typhoon season"},{"id":"2982621","text":"(1998 US dollars) in damages mostly in St. Kitts and Nevis, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The hurricane made landfall in at least seven countries (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and the United States), more than any other hurricane since Hurricane Inez of the 1966 season. A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 13. Moving westward, the large system quickly developed a closed circulation, and was classified Tropical Depression Seven on September 15. A strong upper-level ridge forced the depression to the west-northwest, where warm water temperatures allowed it to strengthen","title":"Hurricane Georges"},{"id":"15853229","text":"northward than initially expected, where it underwent a considerable increase in strength and organization. Hours later, Irene moved ashore, approaching from the southeast at landfall near Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico, with estimated sustained winds of . Despite the storm's interaction with land, radar imagery showed a ragged eye-like feature, and Doppler weather radar data indicated wind speeds in excess of hurricane force. Just after its initial landfall, Irene was accordingly upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane, the first of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. With the hurricane then situated just north of the mountainous coast of Hispaniola, the storm","title":"Hurricane Irene"},{"id":"13445077","text":"landmass or the trough to its north. At 0000 UTC on September 17, it is estimated the depression attained tropical storm status; that day, it was named Irene about 350 miles (560 km) east of San Andrés. Initially, the storm was expected to track west-northwestward toward the northwest Caribbean, similar to the track taken by the destructive Hurricane Edith two weeks prior. Tropical Storm Irene gradually intensified as it continued across the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Late on September 18, the storm attained hurricane status a short distance off the coast of Central America, with 80 mph (130 km/h) winds, its","title":"Hurricane Irene–Olivia"},{"id":"12046803","text":"13th, Olivia finally became a hurricane, while in the Gulf of California. It rapidly strengthened due to its very small size, and reached winds of per hour for six hours and made landfall on the eastern side of the Baja California Peninsula at that strength. Olivia rapidly weakened even faster than it strengthened and dissipated 18 hours after landfall. Olivia is only one of two major hurricanes to make landfall on eastern side of the Baja California Peninsula the other being Hurricane Kiko of 1989. It was also the first major hurricane to be named in the East Pacific. No","title":"1967 Pacific hurricane season"},{"id":"5093199","text":"Hurricane Ginny Hurricane Ginny was the strongest recorded tropical cyclone to make landfall in Canada, as well as the latest hurricane on a calendar year to affect the U.S. state of Maine. The eighth tropical storm of the 1963 Atlantic hurricane season, Ginny developed on October 16 over the Bahamas, although it was not initially a fully tropical cyclone. As it moved to the North and later northwest, Ginny intensified to hurricane status as it became more tropical. For eight days, it was located within of the United States coastline. After approaching North Carolina, Ginny looped to the southwest and","title":"Hurricane Ginny"},{"id":"3384407","text":"subtropical cyclone, given the name Alfa, developed off the east coast of the United States. This storm was short-lived and dissipated on August 2 just offshore southern Maine. The first half August was relatively quiet, with only one depression forming. However, later in the month, the season's second hurricane, Brenda, formed in the northwestern Caribbean. Peaking just below Category 2 status on the newly introduced Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, Brenda made the first recorded landfall in the Mexican State of Campeche. Later in August, Tropical Storm Christine became the easternmost forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record, developing over","title":"1973 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"14709272","text":"Hurricane Edith (1963) Hurricane Edith brought flooding and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The sixth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1963 season, Edith developed east of the Windward Islands on September 23 from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Shortly thereafter, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1 and 2 status as it moved west-northwest. Upon reaching Category 2 intensity on September 25, the storm peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). After striking Saint Lucia on","title":"Hurricane Edith (1963)"},{"id":"6639317","text":"major hurricane occurs. The few intense hurricanes in November include Hurricane \"Cuba\" in late October and early November 1932 (the strongest November hurricane on record peaking as a Category 5 hurricane), Hurricane Lenny in mid-November 1999, Hurricane Kate in late November 1985 which was the latest major hurricane formation on record until Hurricane Otto (a category 3 storm) of the 2016 hurricane season. Hurricane Paloma was a very potent category 4 storm that made landfall in Cuba in early November 2008. Although the hurricane season is defined as beginning on June 1 and ending on November 30, there have been","title":"Atlantic hurricane"},{"id":"3747143","text":"Hurricane Gloria Hurricane Gloria was the first significant tropical cyclone to strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the first major storm to affect New York and Long Island directly since Hurricane Donna in 1960. It was a powerful Cape Verde hurricane that formed during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season, originating from a tropical wave on September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the Lesser Antilles. During that time, the storm had moved generally westward, although it","title":"Hurricane Gloria"},{"id":"13662370","text":"Hurricane Alma (1970) Hurricane Alma was one of only four Atlantic tropical cyclones to reach hurricane status in the month of May. It developed on May 17, 1970 north of Panama, and rapidly intensified on May 20 to peak winds of , near Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. It stalled south of Cuba and deteriorated due to wind shear, and by May 22 it weakened to tropical depression status. After progressing northwestward and crossing western Cuba, Alma reorganized in the Gulf of Mexico, although continued shear prevented strengthening. It moved across Florida on May 25, and on May 27 it","title":"Hurricane Alma (1970)"},{"id":"6622147","text":"force winds were already present, the system was immediately declared Tropical Storm Kate, about 240 miles (385 km) northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico. With a ridge to its north, Kate tracked westward after developing, and an upper-level low developed to the southwest of the storm. The combination of the two provided favorable outflow, allowing Kate to quickly intensify. On November 16, the storm attained hurricane status while moving through the southeastern Bahamas. After continued strengthening, Kate made landfall at 0600 UTC on November 19 over north-central Cuba with a well-defined eye. When it moved ashore, Kate had a pressure","title":"Hurricane Kate (1985)"},{"id":"18137722","text":"to reach such strength since Hurricane Sandy in the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm featured a well-defined wide eye at this time. Thereafter, the hurricane made landfall at 03:15 UTC over the Shackleford Banks of North Carolina, located between Cape Lookout and Beaufort. Upon doing so, it became the earliest instance of a hurricane making landfall in the state during a calendar year, surpassing the previous record of July 11 set by an unnamed hurricane in 1901. Slight deepening of the cyclone occurred as it moved over Pamlico Sound, with its barometric pressure bottoming out at 973 mbar (hPa;","title":"Hurricane Arthur"},{"id":"15101433","text":"that developed in the Gulf of Mexico on July 9 and made landfall along the US Gulf coast before dissipating over Tennessee. Hurricane Two, the strongest storm of the season, traveled across the Atlantic from Cape Verde to Newfoundland between August 20 and September 1. Hurricane Three grew from a tropical storm that formed east of the Lesser Antilles. It traveled north and developed into a hurricane, but never made landfall and was last observed on September 19. Hurricane Four also never made landfall. Growing from a tropical storm first seen south-west of the Cape Verde Islands, it traveled across","title":"1872 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3377681","text":"2 and stalled offshore. A frontal wave developed the next day, steadily developing due to thermal instability. On July 4, the system organized into a tropical depression about 120 mi (195 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. While in its formative stages, it dropped rainfall along the coast of the Carolinas, peaking at in Pinopolis, South Carolina. The depression tracked northeastward due to a ridge over New England, and the cyclone passed just southeast of the Outer Banks. After a Hurricane Hunters plane observed gale-force winds, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene late on July 5; in","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3364081","text":"hurricane. It traveled 6,850 miles (11,020 km) and lasted a total of 16 days. Hurricane Joan–Miriam of 1988 and Hurricane Irene–Olivia of 1971 lasted longer, both having crossed narrow parts of Central America and regaining cyclonic motion in the Pacific. Twenty nations took part in the GATE research project in 1974, where Douglas DC-6 aircraft examined tropical waves which spawn Cape Verde hurricanes. In 2006, there was a two-month research project known as NAMMA-06 (short for NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Activities) which flew Douglas DC-8s into seedling disturbances in the eastern Atlantic which had the potential to become Cape Verde","title":"Cape Verde hurricane"},{"id":"5566205","text":"four tornadoes in Alabama, three of which were F2 tornadoes. Two touched down in Baldwin County; one destroyed two homes and damaged several others, and the other destroyed two mobile homes, a few barns, and damaged ten houses. Two tornadoes also touched down in Washington County, one of which destroyed several small buildings and downed a few trees. In Florida, Edith produced slightly above-normal tides and light rain. It spawned a tornado in Pensacola, Florida, injuring one person and inflicting $25,000 in damage (1971 dollars, $125,000 in 2006 dollars). Damage throughout the United States totaled $25 million (1971 dollars, $","title":"Hurricane Edith (1971)"},{"id":"15853233","text":"About 3 1/2 hours later, Tropical Storm Irene made landfall with winds in the Coney Island neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Following its final New York landfall, Irene moved northeast over New England while maintaining its strength, before it was declared an extratropical cyclone early on August 29, while its center was located near the New Hampshire/Vermont border. During that day, the system continued to move towards the northeast, before it was absorbed by a frontal system early on August 30. In response to the formation of Irene, tropical storm warnings were issued for all of the Leeward Islands and","title":"Hurricane Irene"},{"id":"3377697","text":"injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida. Damage in the United States totaled $25 million (1971 USD, $ USD). Hurricane Ginger was the longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record until 2003, when the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane was retroactively found to have lasted longer. The eighth tropical cyclone and fifth hurricane of the season, Ginger spent 27.25 days as a tropical cyclone, and lasted from September 6 to October 3. The storm developed in a large region of convection across the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic, and for the first nine days of","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3747152","text":"in the Outer Banks. After weakening further, Gloria passed just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey and interacted with a cold front. Its strongest winds remained on the eastern edge of the circulation, and the storm was gradually losing tropical characteristics. At 1600 UTC on September 27, the hurricane made landfall with a broad and poorly defined center between John F. Kennedy International Airport and Islip, New York, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) on western Long Island. This was only about three days after Henri struck the same general area as a much weaker tropical storm.","title":"Hurricane Gloria"},{"id":"12562196","text":"Hawaii from 2-8 August. Lillian became post-tropical shortly before making landfall on September 29 with winds of 50 mph. Mona, the final storm of the season made landfall around about the same area as Lillian did with winds of 85 mph. Timeline of activity in the 1963 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane Emily formed on June 29 while moving west. It then turned to the north and dissipated over the mountainous regions of Mexico. Hurricane Florence followed nearly a due west track as it persisted to move away from land and eventually weakened and dissipated without any affect on a landmass.","title":"1963 Pacific hurricane season"},{"id":"3395905","text":"(1978 USD) in damage. Tropical Storm Bess and Hurricane Cora resulted in only minor land impacts, while the latter was attributed to one fatality. Later in August, Tropical Storm Debra produced widespread effects, though damage was also relatively minor. Hurricane Ella became the northernmost Category 4 hurricane while located at 38°N, and lashed the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada with gusty winds and rip currents. Hurricanes Flossie and Kendra as well as Tropical Storms Hope, Irma, and Juliet caused minimal land impacts as a tropical cyclone. However, the precursor to Hurricane Kendra caused flooding in Puerto","title":"1978 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"6484214","text":"Olivia continued north into California, where they brought rain. Priscilla made landfall south of Mazatlán as a tropical storm. It had weakened significantly before landfall, having once been a strong Category 3 hurricane. Priscilla destroyed roughly 36,000 acres of corn, tomatoes, peppers, bananas, and cotton, resulting in $3.12 million in losses. Heavy rains inundated 30 towns in Nayarit, damaging roads and two major thoroughfares; road damage totaled $544,000. Ramona formed on October 28, it quickly strengthened into a tropical storm. It later weakened back to a tropical depression. Before dissipation, it made a sharp turn to the north-northeast. It had","title":"1971 Pacific hurricane season"},{"id":"12385796","text":"as Gustav neared the west end of Cuba, it was upgraded to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, with sustained winds near 125 mph (205 km/h). Gustav continued its rapid deepening trend, and three hours later, it had already reached Category 4 strength. Gustav's maximum sustained winds had reached 155 mph (250 km/h) with a minimum pressure of 941 millibars. On August 30 Gustav made landfall twice on Cuba: first, on Isla de la Juventud and then on the mainland near the community of Los Palacios in Pinar del Río Province. By the early hours of August","title":"Hurricane Gustav"},{"id":"1970684","text":"Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was a very powerful Cape Verde hurricane which struck the east coast of the United States. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd triggered the fourth largest evacuation in US history (behind Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Gustav, and Hurricane Rita) when 2.6 million coastal residents of five states were ordered from their homes as it approached. The hurricane formed off the coast of Africa and lasted from September 7 to September 19, peaking in strength as a very strong Category 4 hurricane—just 2 mph short","title":"Hurricane Floyd"},{"id":"6667505","text":"Nantucket. The storm crossed over eastern Cape Cod while gradually weakening, making a final landfall near Rockland, Maine, on September 26. After crossing into Canada, Esther became extratropical early on September 27 while continuing to the east-northeast. It was last noted at 06:00 UTC that day while over eastern Quebec. While Esther was becoming a powerful hurricane over the open Atlantic, the San Juan Weather Bureau office issued a small craft advisory for the Leeward Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Because of uncertainty about the storm's future path, the Weather Bureau advised residents","title":"Hurricane Esther"},{"id":"12046793","text":"1967 Pacific hurricane season The 1967 Pacific hurricane season started on June 1 and ended on November 30, 1967. The season was of little note except for Hurricanes Katrina and Olivia. Katrina made landfall on the Baja Peninsula, killing at least 60 and made 2,500 homeless. Olivia made landfall on the eastern side of the Baja Peninsula as a major hurricane—only one of two storms ever to do so. Hurricane/Typhoon Sarah formed in the Central Pacific and reached category 1 strength before crossing over to the Western Pacific. On May 18, the first tropical depression of the season formed. It","title":"1967 Pacific hurricane season"},{"id":"4043109","text":"trees, as well as destroying widespread apple groves and corn fields. It became the costliest natural disaster in the state's history, only to be surpassed by Hurricane Edna ten days later. Across New England, the hurricane destroyed about 4,000 homes, 3,500 cars, and 3,000 boats. Damage totaled $460 million, and there were 60 deaths. In neighboring Canada, high rains caused flooding while strong winds downed trees and power lines. A tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August 31 to the northwest of Puerto Rico. It moved rapidly north-northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Dolly later that day and into a","title":"1954 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3377706","text":"an approaching cold front produced cooler, drier air over the storm. Kristy intensified slightly further to peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) before becoming indistinguishable from the cold front. By October 21 it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone before dissipating near the Azores. The final storm of the season, Laura, formed on November 12 in the western Caribbean Sea, and reached winds of 70 mph (120 km/h) as it approached western Cuba. Across the island, the storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 32.5 in (830 mm). The resulting flooding killed one person and caused crop damage, and also forced","title":"1971 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"id":"3754132","text":"weakened as it accelerated safely to the west of Bermuda. As a Category 1 hurricane, Luis made landfall on Newfoundland before it became extratropical on September 11. Luis caused catastrophic damage in Barbuda, St. Barthelemy, St Martin and Anguilla as a Category 4 with winds between 130 mph (210 km/h) and 135 mph (217 km/h). The storm accounted for 19 deaths, left between 20,000 and 50,000 homeless (mostly in Antigua, Barbuda, Anguilla and Saint Martin) and caused roughly $3 billion (1995 USD) in damage across the affected areas. Hurricane Luis was the most devastating hurricane to strike the northern Leeward","title":"Hurricane Luis"},{"id":"14338590","text":"at $200 million (1976 USD). It was the second storm to strike Mexico within a week; Hurricane Liza was the first. When Madeline was over the ocean, it impacted several ships, but no major damage from these ships was reported. Hurricane Madeline (1976) Hurricane Madeline was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in Mexico in October 1976. Madeline formed on September 29, not far from Central America. The next day, the circulation dissipated, and as a result weakened to a remnant low. Four days later, on October 3, the low regenerated into a tropical depression. The system remained weak","title":"Hurricane Madeline (1976)"},{"id":"19854277","text":"Reserve in southeastern Nicaragua, roughly northwest of the Nicaragua–Costa Rica border at peak intensity. This marked the southernmost landfall of a hurricane in Central America since reliable records began, eclipsing Hurricane Irene–Olivia of 1971 by . After landfall, Otto's structure remained well-organized as it moved roughly parallel to the Costa Rica-Nicaraguan border, although cloud tops warmed, indicating diminishing convection. Despite moving over land, the hurricane's eye remained well-defined and intact as it traversed Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Otto was the first Atlantic hurricane on record to have its eye cross over Costa Rica, and the first hurricane-force system to traverse","title":"Hurricane Otto"},{"id":"3349379","text":"and for two days drifted toward Atlantic Canada before dissipating. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016. A tropical wave was tracked east of the Lesser Antilles in mid-August. At 1530 UTC on August 17, a reconnaissance aircraft reported a weak center and winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Less than three hours later, a tropical depression developed while located east of the Windward Islands. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith early on August 18. The storm moved west-northwestward at a relatively quick pace, striking Dominica with winds peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h)","title":"1959 Atlantic hurricane season"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"5566191\",\n \"text\": \"northeastern Venezuela, though after entering the Caribbean Sea, another reconnaissance flight was unable to confirm the existence of a low-level circulation. Shortly thereafter, while moving into an area of light wind shear, it was able to organize and strengthen further, and on September 7 the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm \\\"Edith\\\" near the island of Curaçao. While initially, a cold-core upper-level low persisted about 750 miles (1200 km) northwest of the storm, Edith moved west-northwestward due to the influence of a narrow and persistent ridge of high pressure, which extended from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566196\",\n \"text\": \"northeastward and regained hurricane status. The hurricane turned to the east-northeast as it approached the coast of Louisiana, and made landfall on September 16 in a sparsely populated area 30 miles (48 km) east of Cameron with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h), equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane in the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Edith rapidly weakened over land, degenerating into a tropical storm over Louisiana, and into a tropical depression over Mississippi. It continued to the east-northeast, and dissipated over northwestern Georgia on September 18. Fourteen hours prior to Edith making landfall in Central America, the National Hurricane Center\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566194\",\n \"text\": \"it moved northwestward, and made landfall near Belize City with tropical storm winds of 70 mph (115 km/h). Edith weakened further while crossing the Yucatán Peninsula, and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Campeche, Mexico late on September 11 as a minimal tropical storm. Edith initially failed to re-intensify as it moved northwestward, despite low amounts of wind shear and warm waters. This was because an anticyclone over the Gulf was closely connected with Hurricane Fern, which developed and moved over the northwestern portion of the Gulf of Mexico. The anticyclone resulted in an easterly upper-level flow across Edith,\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566189\",\n \"text\": \"of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida, of which a few destroyed entire buildings. Damage in the United States totaled US$25 million (1971 dollars, $ in dollars). A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa near Dakar on August 31. It moved westward into the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and organized into a tropical disturbance on September 2 with a small, circular area of convection. The system moved to the\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566190\",\n \"text\": \"west, and on September 3, the convection diminished after moving west of 40° W. By the next day, the tropical disturbance was barely discernible from the clouds of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The wave gradually became detached from the ITCZ, and based on a reconnaissance flight that confirmed the existence of a low-level circulation, it is estimated the system developed into a tropical depression on September 5 while located 255 miles (415 km) east of Grenada. The depression moved westward quickly, and moved through the southern Lesser Antilles early on September 6. The southern portion of the circulation passed over\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566197\",\n \"text\": \"warned citizens about the extreme danger of the approaching hurricane, and asked them to prepare for hurricane conditions. While the storm was located in the Gulf of Mexico, the National Hurricane Center issued a Hurricane Warning from Cameron to Morgan City, Louisiana eighteen hours before the hurricane made landfall. Edith later struck land in the middle portion of the warning area. In Belize, officials ordered the mandatory evacuation of low-lying areas, resulting in hundreds of residents leaving to the United States through the international airport. Officials sent police troops to maintain order and prevent looting. In the Gulf of Mexico,\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566193\",\n \"text\": \"led to a release of baroclinic energy. Reconnaissance aircraft crews in the peak of the storm reported extreme turbulence, causing concern for the safety of the crews. At its peak intensity, the very well-defined \\\"pinhole\\\" eye was only 5 miles (8 km) in diameter. Late on September 9, Hurricane Edith made landfall on northeastern Nicaragua at Cabo Gracias a Dios. Hurricane Edith rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of northeastern Central America, and 18 hours after it made landfall, it emerged into the Gulf of Honduras as an 80 mph (130 km/h) Category 1 hurricane. It continued to weaken as\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566198\",\n \"text\": \"several oil facilities were closed or placed on automatic controls. Drilling rigs as far east as the coastal waters off of Mississippi were prepared to evacuate in the event Edith moved further east than anticipated. Additionally, thousands evacuated coastal areas of Louisiana prior to the arrival of the hurricane. Several shelters opened in coastal cities, and many people prepared for the hurricane by purchasing emergency supplies. Officials closed schools throughout much of southern Louisiana. While passing through the southern Lesser Antilles, the tropical depression produced heavy rainfall and winds of around 35 mph (55 km/h). Edith produced tropical storm force\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709273\",\n \"text\": \"September 25, the storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Curving north-northwest on September 26, Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, early on the following day as a minimal hurricane. Interaction with land and an upper-level trough caused Edith to weaken to a tropical storm on September 28 and to a tropical depression by the next day. The storm dissipated just east of the Bahamas on September 29. In Martinique, a wind gust of was observed at Le Lamentin Airport; tides about above normal and heavy rainfall impacted the island. Throughout the island, about 6,000 homes were demolished and\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566200\",\n \"text\": \"in dollars). Three United States Air Force aircraft delivered food, medical supplies, and fuel to the hurricane victims of Nicaragua. In Honduras, the hurricane produced 15 foot (4.5 m) tides and strong winds, while strong waves destroyed 40 fishing boats as well. While the hurricane reportedly destroyed entire villages, no deaths occurred in Honduras. Offshore islands in Belize reported winds of up to 60 mph (95 km/h). Edith produced flooding in a few towns in the southern portion of the country, with some buildings damaged. Heavy damage was reported near Monkey River Town. Impact in Mexico, if any, is unknown.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566195\",\n \"text\": \"creating conditions not conducive for intensification. As Fern moved inland over Texas, the flow became more favorable around Edith, and 36 hours after entering the Gulf of Mexico, the storm began to reintensify slightly. Edith continued moving to the west-northwest, heading towards the coast of Mexico, but early on September 14, the storm stalled while located just off the coast of Tamaulipas. A mid-latitude trough of low pressure approached the storm, and caused Edith to turn to slowly drift towards the northeast. Located only miles from the Mexican coast, Edith again failed to strengthen until September 15, when it accelerated\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566202\",\n \"text\": \"were safely rescued. While making landfall in Louisiana, Edith resulted in above normal tides of up to 9.7 feet (2.9 m) above normal at Cypremont Point near Morgan City. The highest winds reported by a land station were 69 mph (111 km/h) at Cameron, where a wind gust of 96 mph (155 km/h) was also reported. However, due to the lack of recording instruments near the hurricane's landing point, whether higher winds occurred there is not known, although likely. Rainfall was moderate across Louisiana, including amounts of over 8 inches (200 mm) in the southwestern portion of the state. A\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13445073\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia Hurricane Irene–Olivia was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone to move into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic basin. It originated as a tropical depression on September 11, 1971, in the tropical Atlantic. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the Pacific,\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709281\",\n \"text\": \"particularly from Cabo Rojo to Humacao, residents were told to evacuate. Police and the Civil Defense assisted with evacuations. Additionally, residents of low-lying areas in Dominican Republic and Haiti were advised to seek higher ground. Hurricane Edith was responsible for approximately $46.6 million in damage. Edith passed just north of Barbados and delivered between of rain to the island. Wind speeds were between in the northern section of the island. Damage on the island totaled $145,000. In Martinique, the meteorological station at Le Lamentin Airport experienced wind gusts up to . Wind and flood damage was reported, along with abnormally\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566188\",\n \"text\": \"Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13445087\",\n \"text\": \"O. Hurricane Irene–Olivia Hurricane Irene–Olivia was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone to move into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic basin. It originated as a tropical depression on September 11, 1971, in the tropical Atlantic. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709277\",\n \"text\": \"north-northwestward toward the Mona Passage. It made landfall slightly west of La Romana, Dominican Republic, around 08:00 UTC on September 27 with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Edith crossed the island in about eight hours and maintained hurricane status. However, the cyclone weakened over the Atlantic and eastern Bahamas due to further land interaction and a frontal low pressure area, which developed near South Florida a few days earlier and moved east-northeastward to a location about from Edith. As a result, the pressure gradient in the Bahamas region weakened significantly, disrupting the easterly flow north of Edith. At 00:00\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709285\",\n \"text\": \"In Maricao, winds and strong thunderstorms caused a few trees to be blown down. In Mayagüez, low-lying areas adjacent to the Yagüez River flooded after the river rose between above its average crest, causing about 300 people to flee their homes. Two homes were demolished and another was extensively damaged. Along the coast, waves inundated waterfront streets, leaving them barely passable. Approximately of sugar cane fields were flooded in and around Añasco, Cabo Rojos, Hormigueros, and Lajas. Additionally, harvest equipment and a large amount of fertilizer were destroyed. Throughout Puerto Rico, agricultural damage alone was estimated to be over $150,000.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3345437\",\n \"text\": \"Flores Island in the Azores. An Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance developed into a tropical depression while east of the Windward Islands on September 23. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Only six hours later, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1 and 2 status as it moved west-northwest; its central pressure was analyzed at on September 24. After striking Saint Lucia on September 25, the storm traversed the eastern Caribbean Sea. Curving north-northwest on September 26, Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic, early on the following day as a minimal hurricane.\",\n \"title\": \"1963 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13445086\",\n \"text\": \"the closure of a portion of U.S. Route 95. In Navajo and Pinal counties, the rainfall damaged roads, bridges, sewers, and homes, which amounted to about $250,000 in repair work for the state of Arizona. The storm's moisture also produced locally heavy snowfall in higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains. Irene–Olivia is unusual in that it survived passage from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. Only nine other named storms are known to have done so. Irene was the first of three Atlantic-to-Pacific crossover tropical cyclones in the 1970s, all three of which took eastern Pacific names starting with the letter\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709284\",\n \"text\": \"three others. Additionally, electrical and telephone lines were downed. Just offshore, Gatas, the island containing the Club Náutico de Ponce, was completely inundated. Damages to the yacht club totaled $100,000 and damages to the boats totaled $15,000. Flooding in the area resulted in about $25,000 in damage. At the Agricultural Experiment Station in Lajas, crops were heavily damaged by high winds. Near Salinas, about of Highway 1 was destroyed by high surf. Several beach front properties were badly damaged. Cabo Rojo bore the brunt of the storm with the center passing within , resulting major flooding and extensive wind damage.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709282\",\n \"text\": \"high waves. Throughout the island, about 6,000 homes were demolished and 13,000 other were severely impacted. Agriculture suffered significantly, with bananas and other food crops destroyed, while sugar cane experienced significant damage. Edith left 10 fatalities and 50 people seriously injured. Damage was estimated to be $40 million. Saint Lucia experienced wind gusts up to , damaging about half of the banana crop. These winds were accompanied by heavy, flooding rains and the island received wind and flood damage as the hurricane made landfall. The damage on the island totaled just under $3.5 million. Throughout southwestern Puerto Rico, the storm\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377695\",\n \"text\": \"on September 5 to the east of the southern Lesser Antilles. It moved quickly across the southern Caribbean Sea, intensifying into a hurricane just off the north coast of South America. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico, a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709286\",\n \"text\": \"Impact in the Dominican Republic was minor, though winds between and heavy rain were recorded. At Turks and Caicos Islands, sustained winds of were observed, with gusts up to . Hurricane Edith (1963) Hurricane Edith brought flooding and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The sixth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1963 season, Edith developed east of the Windward Islands on September 23 from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Shortly thereafter, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566187\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971) Hurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic until surpassed by Hurricane Felix of 2007. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13403536\",\n \"text\": \"people from low-lying areas. Accurate forecasts from satellite and ship data were credited with preventing a significant death toll, although the population did not know of the storm's approach until a day before landfall. Officials advised ships to return to port for safety, and the threat of the storm canceled a baseball game. As Olivia moved ashore, it produced locally heavy rainfall, peaking at in Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. The heaviest rains occurred in a narrow region where the hurricane made landfall, although precipitation of around 1 in (25 mm) reached as far south as Michoacán, 340 mi (550 km) south\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Olivia (1975)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13445075\",\n \"text\": \"crop. Later, the remnants of Hurricane Olivia produced rainfall in the southwest United States. Flooding was reported near Yuma, Arizona, which closed a major highway, and the moisture produced snowfall in higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains. The origins of the hurricane were from a tropical wave that exited the west African coast on September 7. It moved rapidly westward, developing into a tropical depression on September 11 about 800 miles (1300 km) east of the Windward Islands. It was one of seven active tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin that day, one of the most active single days on\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15853224\",\n \"text\": \"August 27, becoming the first hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Hurricane Ike in 2008. Early on the following day, the storm re-emerged into the Atlantic from southeastern Virginia. Although Irene remained a hurricane over water, it weakened to a tropical storm while making yet another landfall in the Little Egg Inlet in southeastern New Jersey on August 27. A few hours later, Irene made its ninth and final landfall in Brooklyn, New York City. Early on August 29, Irene transitioned into an extratropical cyclone hitting Vermont after remaining inland as a tropical cyclone for less than\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5754983\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States, according to the Social Security online database. It became far less common as a name for children by the late 20th century. The name Edith has four name days: May 14 in Estonia, October 31 in Sweden, July 5 in Latvia, and September 16 in France and Lithuania. Edith Edith is a female given name, derived from the Old English words ēad, meaning 'riches or blessed', and ġȳð, meaning 'war', and is in common usage in this form in English, German, many Scandinavian languages and Dutch. Its French form, also a common name in French, is\",\n \"title\": \"Edith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3375581\",\n \"text\": \"the west, and struck Cuba on May 24 with maximum winds of . As Alma crossed the eastern Gulf of Mexico, it retained a well-defined circulation with an eye feature evident on weather radar, but the persistent shear limited the system's intensity. Tropical Depression Alma made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida, on May 25 and became extratropical two days later over North Carolina. Although Alma passed just offshore, impact in Central America, if any, is unknown. In the Cayman Islands, winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) were reported. Impact was most severe in Cuba, where flash flooding caused seven fatalities,\",\n \"title\": \"1970 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14338669\",\n \"text\": \"Tropical Storm Laura (1971) Tropical Storm Laura was the final storm in the active 1971 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed on November 12 in the western Caribbean Sea, and reached winds of 70 mph (120 km/h) as it approached western Cuba. Across the island, Laura produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 32.5 inches (83 cm). The resulting flooding killed one person and caused crop damage. 26,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes. Initially, Laura was forecast to move across the island and impact the southern United States, but it executed a small loop and turned to the southwest. The storm\",\n \"title\": \"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709274\",\n \"text\": \"13,000 others were severely impacted. Agriculture suffered significantly, with bananas and other food crops destroyed, while sugar cane experienced significant damage. Winds up to caused significant damage on Dominica and strong winds on Saint Lucia ruined about half of the island's banana crop. In Puerto Rico, the storm brought heavy rainfall to the southwest corner of the island and abnormally high tides to the south coast. Several beach front properties were badly damaged, particularly in the Salinas municipality. Overall, Edith caused 10 deaths, all on Martinique, and approximately $46.6 million (1963 USD) in damage. An area of disturbed weather in\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709275\",\n \"text\": \"the Intertropical Convergence Zone was first observed on September 22 by the Dutch tanker \\\"Aceteon\\\". On the following day, imagery from TIROS VII indicated that a surface circulation developed. With a reconnaissance aircraft observing winds of , a tropical depression developed at 12:00 UTC on September 23 about east-southeast of Barbados. Later that day, the U.S. Weather Bureau initiated advisories on the system. Another flight on September 24 indicated that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith by 12:00 UTC. Six hours later, the system intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Around\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709283\",\n \"text\": \"brought moderate rains, strong winds, and rough seas. Over of precipitation fell in the Lajas Valley during the passage of Hurricane Edith, while an official peak rainfall total of was observed on Isla Magueyes. Several southern and western locations in Puerto Rico observed tropical storm force winds, with the highest sustained wind speed of recorded in Cabo Rojo. Along the coast, rough seas were reported, with waves as high as waves high as lashing Ensenada, located in the municipality of Guánica. In Ponce, waves flooded low-lying areas of the Playa de Ponce barrio. Winds deroofed six homes and severely damaged\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566204\",\n \"text\": \"mile (5 km) path. The hurricane caused extensive damage to the sugar cane crop in southwestern Louisiana. About a month after Edith struck the United States, President Richard Nixon declared portions of Louisiana as a disaster area, which allocated relief funds to aid the affected citizens. In Mississippi, wind gusts peaked at 70 mph (112 km/h) in Hattiesburg, with multiple locations reporting tropical-storm-force winds. Additionally, Edith produced moderate rainfall peaking at 6.15 inches (156 mm) in Liberty. In Alabama, the storm caused light rains, moderate wind gusts, and a storm tide of 2.7 feet (0.8 m) in Mobile. Edith spawned\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377703\",\n \"text\": \"its path, although impact was greatest in Nicaragua where it moved ashore as a hurricane. A total of 96 homes were destroyed, and 1,200 people were left homeless. The rainfall resulted in widespread flooding, killing three people in Rivas. In neighboring Costa Rica, Hurricane Irene caused more than $1 million (1971 USD, $ USD) in damage to the banana crop. The hurricane was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone that moved into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean. The origins of Janice were from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on September 18. It\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566201\",\n \"text\": \"Two stations in Texas recorded sustained tropical force winds, and Galveston reported a peak wind gust of 53 mph (85 km/h). While moving past the state, Edith produced above normal tides of over 4 feet (1.2 m) in locations, which flooded a portion of Highway 87. The storm dropped light to moderate amounts of rainfall peaking at 3.5 inches (89 mm) in Sabine Pass. The passage of Hurricane Edith resulted in downed trees and power lines, and damage totaling US$180,000 (1971 dollars, $900,000 in 2006 dollars). Off the coast of Louisiana, the hurricane wrecked three boats, but all the occupants\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14338675\",\n \"text\": \"flock of great black-backed gulls toward Central America and north-coastal South America; the species is usually found in the Mid-Atlantic states, and were migrating to the Gulf Coast or Cuba when they were affected by the storm. When Laura's path was uncertain, forecasters advised fishermen to remain at port along the Yucatan Peninsula and southern Florida. Gale warnings were also issued for the Florida Keys, due to the uncertainty. No significant damage or casualties were reported in Central America, although heavy rainfall was reported across the region. On Glover's Reef off the coast of British Honduras (now Belize), the storm\",\n \"title\": \"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14338674\",\n \"text\": \"and overall the storm impacted four provinces, including Isle of Youth, Pinar del Río, La Habana, and the city of Havana. On the Isle of Youth, Laura produced winds of 70 mph (120 km/h), with gusts to 80 mph (130 km/h). On the mainland, the storm destroyed 20 homes and several tobacco sheds, with damage also reported to the coffee, sugar, fruit, and vegetable crops. Due to the flooding, officials forced 26,000 people from their homes in Pinar del Río, and one person in that province drowned while crossing a river. The storm's passage was believed to have diverted a\",\n \"title\": \"Tropical Storm Laura (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566199\",\n \"text\": \"winds in Aruba, and gusts reached 60 mph (95 km/h). Two fishermen were reported lost at sea and presumed dead as a result of Edith. Edith produced strong winds across northeastern Nicaragua and eastern Honduras, with Puerto Lempira reporting an unofficial sustained wind of 140 mph (225 km/h). Press reports indicated every house in the Cape Gracias area was destroyed or heavily damaged, leaving 7,000 homeless. The meteorological service in British Honduras stated there were 100 fatalities near Cape Gracias, though a later report indicated 35 people died in Nicaragua. There, damage was estimated at over US$380,000 (1971 dollars, $\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709279\",\n \"text\": \"also issued for areas north of Guadeloupe to Sint Maarten. As Edith approached Saint Lucia around 08:00 UTC on September 25, a hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The warnings and advice given by the San Juan Weather Bureau were credited for limiting damage and loss of life on Martinique. After Edith entered the Caribbean later on September 25, the watch was spread to Haiti and the Dominican Republic, while gale warnings were issued for the south coast of Hispaniola, east of Santo Domingo, as well as Puerto Rico the Virgin Islands. At 08:00 UTC\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6622155\",\n \"text\": \"Isle, Louisiana. After Kate moved ashore, the NHC issued gale warnings along the East Coast of the United States from St. Augustine, Florida to Chincoteague, Virginia. Early in its duration, Hurricane Kate sank one boat near Puerto Rico and disabled three others. The crew of five on the sunken boat were rescued after 17 hours. Several homes in northern Puerto Rico were damaged, forcing hundreds to evacuate. Flooding was also reported in the Dominican Republic, including around the capital Santo Domingo. Heavy rainfall and winds up to were reported in the Turks and Caicos Islands. In Jamaica, heavy precipitation caused\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Kate (1985)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13662374\",\n \"text\": \"depression approached the Florida coast, radar imagery indicated the system remained well-organized, with a spiral band structure around an eye feature; however, wind shear limited convection and strength, and Alma moved ashore as a depression near Cedar Key on May 25. It turned northeastward and moved across the southeastern United States, becoming extratropical in North Carolina on May 27. After moving off the coast of Virginia, the remnants of Alma were absorbed by an approaching cold front. After Alma weakened from hurricane status, it passed near the Cayman Islands on May 21, where winds of up to were recorded. Gale-force\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Alma (1970)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709278\",\n \"text\": \"UTC on September 28, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Edith struck North Caicos in the Turks and Caicos Islands about 18 hours later with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Edith curved northeastward and weakened to a tropical depression early on September 29, shortly before dissipating about northeast of Mayaguana island in the Bahamas. The remnants of Edith were lasted noted moving in tandem with the frontal low well east of Bermuda. At 18:00 UTC on September 24, when Edith intensified into a hurricane, hurricane warnings were issued from Guadeloupe to Saint Vincent, including Barbados. Gale warnings were\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18821257\",\n \"text\": \"circulation centers to decouple. By 18:00 UTC on June 7, the hurricane degraded to a tropical storm. Around 10:30 UTC on June 8, Blanca made landfall over Isla Santa Margarita off the coast of Baja California Sur before striking the mainland, near Puerto Argudin, at 11:15 UTC. This marked the earliest known landfall in the state, and peninsula, on record during a calendar year. It surpassed the previous earliest—Tropical Storm Calvin on July 8, 1993—by a month. Turning back to the northwest, the system briefly emerged back over the Pacific Ocean before weakening to a tropical depression. Blanca made its\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Blanca (2015)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377702\",\n \"text\": \"of the Windward Islands. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the Pacific, Irene was renamed Hurricane Olivia, which ultimately attained peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) before weakening and dissipating over northwestern Mexico. In the Atlantic, Irene produced moderate rainfall and winds along\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10841867\",\n \"text\": \"of Henriette made landfall just east of Cabo San Lucas on the afternoon of September 4 with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It was over land for only about six hours before emerging into the Gulf of California. The brief interaction with land caused a slight weakening, but Henriette remained a Category 1 hurricane for most of that day. The next day it made final landfall near Guaymas in the state of Sonora. Henriette weakened quickly over land and dissipated over the mountains of northwestern Mexico early on September 6. The remnants of Tropical Storm Henriette continued to track\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Henriette (2007)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377707\",\n \"text\": \"26,000 people to evacuate their homes. Initially, Laura was forecast to move across the island and impact the southern United States, but it executed a small loop and turned to the southwest. The storm moved ashore on Belize, one of only four November storms to affect the country. Little impact occurred during Laura's final landfall, and it dissipated on November 22 over central Guatemala. In addition to the named storms and otherwise notable cyclones, there were several weak depressions during the season. After a June devoid of activity, three tropical depressions developed within the first ten days of July. The\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3349415\",\n \"text\": \"Senegal, the storm itself brought severe flooding and wind impacts to the Lesser Antilles and Florida, where Donna made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It moved northeast and struck North Carolina and Long Island, New York, while still at hurricane intensity. Donna caused at least 227 fatalities and $900 million (1960 USD) in damage. Hurricane Ethel reached Category 3 intensity, but rapidly weakened before making landfall in Mississippi, resulting in only 1 fatality and $1.5 million in losses. The final storm, Florence, developed on September 17. It remained weakened and moved erratically over Cuba and Florida. Only minor flooding\",\n \"title\": \"1960 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7966828\",\n \"text\": \"and the eye became asymmetrical and partially open in the northeast quadrant. On October 25, the typhoon further weakened to a tropical storm just off the coast of Vietnam. Later that day, the system made its final landfall near Da Nang, Vietnam with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph). Rapid weakening ensued as Kate moved over the high terrain of southwest Asia, with the storm degrading to a tropical depression within six hours of moving inland. The system dissipated within the next 24 hours as it moved over the plateau region of Cambodia. Both JTWC and JMA released their final\",\n \"title\": \"Typhoon Kate (1970)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377696\",\n \"text\": \"the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18. The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15765073\",\n \"text\": \"a track that spared Texas from significant impact. On September 12, it moved ashore in northeastern Mexico in the state of Tamaulipas with winds of . The hurricane left one death due to a destroyed house. Ella weakened while moving inland and dissipated on September 13. The origins of Hurricane Ella were from a well-defined trough that extended from the San Andres archipelago to Florida in early September. A tropical depression developed from the system on September 8 near Swan Island off the north coast of Honduras. Moving northwestward, the depression failed to strengthen much before striking the Yucatán Peninsula\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Ella (1970)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15887264\",\n \"text\": \"the extreme eastern part of the province. Rainfall occurred further north into Labrador, with precipitation of at least being reported as far north as Groswater Bay. Further south in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, rainfall amounts did not exceed . No flooding was reported in Atlantic Canada. On the offshore French Territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, severe wind damage was also reported on Saint-Pierre. Several homes and a church lost its roof. 1970 Canada hurricane The 1970 Canada hurricane was an unnamed tropical cyclone that brought impact to Bermuda and Newfoundland. The fourth\",\n \"title\": \"1970 Canada hurricane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3363741\",\n \"text\": \"15 days, eventually dissipating over France after wrecking a ship offshore northern Spain, killing 14 people. Hurricane Doria co-existed with Beulah and Chloe, taking an unusual trajectory over the eastern United States; it killed three people in a boating accident offshore New Jersey. In late September, Tropical Storm Edith was a minimal storm that moved through the Lesser Antilles without serious impact. Hurricane Fern killed three people when it struck Mexico north of Tampico. Tropical Storm Ginger existed in the far eastern Atlantic in early October, and Hurricane Heidi stalled over the northern Atlantic Ocean at the end of the\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18137738\",\n \"text\": \"storm throughout the country. Hurricane Arthur was the earliest recorded landfalling North Carolina hurricane, coming onshore at 03:15 UTC on July 4. At Cape Lookout, a peak wind gust of and 1-minute maximum sustained winds of were recorded. A United States Coast Guard station in Cape Hatteras observed a peak gust of . An EF1 tornado touched down in Duplin County, damaging two structures and many trees, while a funnel cloud was sighted within the vicinity of Elm City. Another EF1 tornado was reported in Martin County, which knocked a tree onto a house. The highest rainfall total measured as\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Arthur\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5093205\",\n \"text\": \"its peak strength, making it the strongest tropical cyclone to ever hit Atlantic Canada. Ginny became extratropical shortly thereafter, and its remnants dissipated on October 30 in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Early in its duration, the precursor to Ginny dropped high amounts of rainfall. Monción in the Dominican Republic reported , and Green Turtle Cay in the Bahamas reported . Despite Ginny's proximity to the United States for over a week, a hurricane warning was only issued from Charleston, South Carolina, and Cape Fear, North Carolina, as well as Cape Hatteras. This represented about one-sixth of the entire coastline\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Ginny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1176814\",\n \"text\": \"the beach, the train trestle was damaged and the Carolina Yacht Club had to be completely rebuilt. A few smaller storms hit in the early 1900s but none did extensive damage. The next big hit came from Hurricane Hazel, which made landfall on October 15, 1954 at Holden Beach. This was the third named hurricane to hit the area within 7 weeks and is the only category 4 hurricane to make landfall in North Carolina. The storm headed up the coast devastating Yaupon Beach, Long Beach and Southport before hitting Carolina Beach and Wrightsville Beach. Hurricane Connie hit the beach\",\n \"title\": \"Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6788288\",\n \"text\": \"storm and fourth hurricane of the record-breaking season. Although there were initial fears of a landfall in the United States due to uncertainty in predicting the storm's track, Hurricane Irene never approached land and caused no recorded damage; however, swells up to and strong rip currents resulted in one fatality in Long Beach, New York. Hurricane Irene began as a Cape Verde storm. A vigorous tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on August 1, initially weakening due to cooler sea surface temperatures. It moved westward and passed near Cape Verde, where convection started to increase. The system\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene (2005)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3656415\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Carmen Hurricane Carmen was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1974 Atlantic hurricane season. A destructive and widespread storm, Carmen originated as a tropical disturbance that emerged from Africa toward the end of August. The disturbance traveled westward, spawning a tropical depression east of the Lesser Antilles on August 29. The storm moved through the Caribbean Sea, and in an environment conducive to intensification, it quickly strengthened to its initial peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Carmen moved ashore on the Yucatán Peninsula, where, despite striking a sparsely populated region, it caused\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Carmen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377691\",\n \"text\": \"65 mph (105 km/h) as it was making landfall near Morehead City, North Carolina. It turned to the northeast, and moved through the Mid-Atlantic and New England as a tropical storm before becoming an extratropical storm over Maine on August 29. In North Carolina, Doria produced moderate rainfall, resulting in localized flooding and damage. The storm spawned a tornado near Norfolk, Virginia, damaging twelve houses and downing hundreds of trees. Tropical Storm Doria dropped heavy precipitation in New Jersey, peaking at 10.29 in (261 mm) in Little Falls. The rainfall led to record-breaking river levels and flooding in several houses,\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13307564\",\n \"text\": \"reintensified into a cyclone east of the Gold Coast, and it crossed the Queensland coast north of Brisbane at Redcliffe. Widespread structural damage was reported, with numerous power lines falling and roofs being uproofed. Cyclone Ida existed from 16 to 22 February 1971 in the Coral Sea. Cyclone Fiona existed from 16 to 28 February 1971. It developed from remains of Cyclone Gertie, which was located in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Cyclone Lena existed from 13 to 20 March 1971 near New Caledonia. Tropical Depression Nora caused minor damage and gale-force winds over the Yasawa and Mamanuca islands, Viti-Levu as\",\n \"title\": \"1970–71 South Pacific cyclone season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377712\",\n \"text\": \"that were not assigned are marked in . Storms were named Beth, Kristy and Laura for the first time in 1971. No names were retired after the 1971 season. Kristy, Rachel, Sandra, and Wallis are currently being used in the East Pacific lists. This is a table of the storms in 1971 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. 1971 Atlantic hurricane season The 1971\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13407824\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Lily (1971) Hurricane Lily was a short-lived Category 1 hurricane of August 1971 that devastated the city of Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. Forming from an area of cloudiness associated with former Atlantic Tropical Storm Chloe, the storm slowly intensified, building to peak intensity just before landfall northwest of Manzanillo, Colima on August 31. The hurricane quickly weakened and became extratropical. After leaving land, the extratropical remnants of Lily dissipated on September 1. The storm's movement close to land affected shipping due to the limited warning, which was partially set back due to difficulties in clarifying the hurricane's position on\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Lily (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8789897\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Abby (1968) Hurricane Abby made landfall in Cuba, Florida, and North Carolina in June 1968. The first tropical cyclone, first named storm, and first hurricane on the season, Abby developed over the northwestern Caribbean Sea on June 1, as a result of the interaction between a mid-tropospheric trough and a cold front. Moving generally north-northeastward, the depression slowly strengthened while approaching the western tip of Cuba, becoming Tropical Storm Abby late on June 2. Shortly thereafter, Abby made landfall in Pinar del Río Province. The storm dropped heavy rainfall in western Cuba, with up to on Isla de la\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Abby (1968)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1965717\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Hugo Hurricane Hugo was a powerful Cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread damage and loss of life in Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, and the Southeast United States. It formed over the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands on September 9, 1989. Hugo moved thousands of miles across the Atlantic, rapidly strengthening to briefly attain Category 5 hurricane strength on its journey. It later crossed over Guadeloupe, St. Croix and St. Thomas on September 17 and 18 as a Category 4 hurricane. Weakening slightly more, it passed over Puerto Rico as a strong Category 3 hurricane.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Hugo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5093204\",\n \"text\": \"turned sharply northeastward off the northeast Florida coast, coming within of Daytona Beach. The hurricane continued paralleling the coast of the Southeastern United States, turning northeast away from Georgia and South Carolina. On October 26, Ginny turned to the east away from the United States, having been located within of the country's coast for eight consecutive days. The next day, the hurricane began a motion to the northeast, accelerating in advance of an approaching trough. It gradually intensified, reaching peak winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) on October 29. Later that day, Ginny made landfall on southwestern Nova Scotia at\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Ginny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3349362\",\n \"text\": \"a 130 mph (215 km/h) Category 4 hurricane in South Carolina on August 29. It brought strong winds, rough seas, heavy rainfall, and tornadoes to the state, as well as North Carolina and Virginia. Overall, Gracie caused 22 fatalities and $14 million in damage. Following Hurricane Gracie was Hurricane Hannah, a long-lived storm that did not cause any known impact on land. The last two tropical cyclones, Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Judith, both caused minor coastal and inland flooding in Florida. The storms of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season were collectively attributed to $24 million (1959 USD) and 64\",\n \"title\": \"1959 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6476836\",\n \"text\": \"left 768 people dead (with 193 missing), and caused $74 million in damage (1970 USD), mostly from agricultural losses. Tropical Storm Kate developed just behind Typhoon Joan, east of the southern Philippines on October 14. It tracked westward as a small cyclone, and strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th. It made landfall twice, once in the Philippines and once in Vietnam, resulting in at least 631 fatalities (with 284 missing) and $50 million in damage. The remnants of Tropical Storm Nora contributed to the formation of the 1970 Bhola cyclone which devastated East Pakistan (Modern day Bangladesh). A tropical\",\n \"title\": \"1970 Pacific typhoon season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2982621\",\n \"text\": \"(1998 US dollars) in damages mostly in St. Kitts and Nevis, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The hurricane made landfall in at least seven countries (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Kitts and Nevis, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and the United States), more than any other hurricane since Hurricane Inez of the 1966 season. A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on September 13. Moving westward, the large system quickly developed a closed circulation, and was classified Tropical Depression Seven on September 15. A strong upper-level ridge forced the depression to the west-northwest, where warm water temperatures allowed it to strengthen\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Georges\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15853229\",\n \"text\": \"northward than initially expected, where it underwent a considerable increase in strength and organization. Hours later, Irene moved ashore, approaching from the southeast at landfall near Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico, with estimated sustained winds of . Despite the storm's interaction with land, radar imagery showed a ragged eye-like feature, and Doppler weather radar data indicated wind speeds in excess of hurricane force. Just after its initial landfall, Irene was accordingly upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane, the first of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. With the hurricane then situated just north of the mountainous coast of Hispaniola, the storm\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13445077\",\n \"text\": \"landmass or the trough to its north. At 0000 UTC on September 17, it is estimated the depression attained tropical storm status; that day, it was named Irene about 350 miles (560 km) east of San Andrés. Initially, the storm was expected to track west-northwestward toward the northwest Caribbean, similar to the track taken by the destructive Hurricane Edith two weeks prior. Tropical Storm Irene gradually intensified as it continued across the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Late on September 18, the storm attained hurricane status a short distance off the coast of Central America, with 80 mph (130 km/h) winds, its\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene–Olivia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12046803\",\n \"text\": \"13th, Olivia finally became a hurricane, while in the Gulf of California. It rapidly strengthened due to its very small size, and reached winds of per hour for six hours and made landfall on the eastern side of the Baja California Peninsula at that strength. Olivia rapidly weakened even faster than it strengthened and dissipated 18 hours after landfall. Olivia is only one of two major hurricanes to make landfall on eastern side of the Baja California Peninsula the other being Hurricane Kiko of 1989. It was also the first major hurricane to be named in the East Pacific. No\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Pacific hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5093199\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Ginny Hurricane Ginny was the strongest recorded tropical cyclone to make landfall in Canada, as well as the latest hurricane on a calendar year to affect the U.S. state of Maine. The eighth tropical storm of the 1963 Atlantic hurricane season, Ginny developed on October 16 over the Bahamas, although it was not initially a fully tropical cyclone. As it moved to the North and later northwest, Ginny intensified to hurricane status as it became more tropical. For eight days, it was located within of the United States coastline. After approaching North Carolina, Ginny looped to the southwest and\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Ginny\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3384407\",\n \"text\": \"subtropical cyclone, given the name Alfa, developed off the east coast of the United States. This storm was short-lived and dissipated on August 2 just offshore southern Maine. The first half August was relatively quiet, with only one depression forming. However, later in the month, the season's second hurricane, Brenda, formed in the northwestern Caribbean. Peaking just below Category 2 status on the newly introduced Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, Brenda made the first recorded landfall in the Mexican State of Campeche. Later in August, Tropical Storm Christine became the easternmost forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record, developing over\",\n \"title\": \"1973 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14709272\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963) Hurricane Edith brought flooding and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The sixth tropical storm and fifth hurricane of the 1963 season, Edith developed east of the Windward Islands on September 23 from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith the next day. Shortly thereafter, Edith reached hurricane status. Edith fluctuated between Category 1 and 2 status as it moved west-northwest. Upon reaching Category 2 intensity on September 25, the storm peaked with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). After striking Saint Lucia on\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1963)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6639317\",\n \"text\": \"major hurricane occurs. The few intense hurricanes in November include Hurricane \\\"Cuba\\\" in late October and early November 1932 (the strongest November hurricane on record peaking as a Category 5 hurricane), Hurricane Lenny in mid-November 1999, Hurricane Kate in late November 1985 which was the latest major hurricane formation on record until Hurricane Otto (a category 3 storm) of the 2016 hurricane season. Hurricane Paloma was a very potent category 4 storm that made landfall in Cuba in early November 2008. Although the hurricane season is defined as beginning on June 1 and ending on November 30, there have been\",\n \"title\": \"Atlantic hurricane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3747143\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Gloria Hurricane Gloria was the first significant tropical cyclone to strike the northeastern United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 and the first major storm to affect New York and Long Island directly since Hurricane Donna in 1960. It was a powerful Cape Verde hurricane that formed during the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season, originating from a tropical wave on September 16 in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. After remaining a weak tropical cyclone for several days, Gloria intensified into a hurricane on September 22 north of the Lesser Antilles. During that time, the storm had moved generally westward, although it\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Gloria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13662370\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Alma (1970) Hurricane Alma was one of only four Atlantic tropical cyclones to reach hurricane status in the month of May. It developed on May 17, 1970 north of Panama, and rapidly intensified on May 20 to peak winds of , near Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. It stalled south of Cuba and deteriorated due to wind shear, and by May 22 it weakened to tropical depression status. After progressing northwestward and crossing western Cuba, Alma reorganized in the Gulf of Mexico, although continued shear prevented strengthening. It moved across Florida on May 25, and on May 27 it\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Alma (1970)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6622147\",\n \"text\": \"force winds were already present, the system was immediately declared Tropical Storm Kate, about 240 miles (385 km) northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico. With a ridge to its north, Kate tracked westward after developing, and an upper-level low developed to the southwest of the storm. The combination of the two provided favorable outflow, allowing Kate to quickly intensify. On November 16, the storm attained hurricane status while moving through the southeastern Bahamas. After continued strengthening, Kate made landfall at 0600 UTC on November 19 over north-central Cuba with a well-defined eye. When it moved ashore, Kate had a pressure\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Kate (1985)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18137722\",\n \"text\": \"to reach such strength since Hurricane Sandy in the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm featured a well-defined wide eye at this time. Thereafter, the hurricane made landfall at 03:15 UTC over the Shackleford Banks of North Carolina, located between Cape Lookout and Beaufort. Upon doing so, it became the earliest instance of a hurricane making landfall in the state during a calendar year, surpassing the previous record of July 11 set by an unnamed hurricane in 1901. Slight deepening of the cyclone occurred as it moved over Pamlico Sound, with its barometric pressure bottoming out at 973 mbar (hPa;\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Arthur\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15101433\",\n \"text\": \"that developed in the Gulf of Mexico on July 9 and made landfall along the US Gulf coast before dissipating over Tennessee. Hurricane Two, the strongest storm of the season, traveled across the Atlantic from Cape Verde to Newfoundland between August 20 and September 1. Hurricane Three grew from a tropical storm that formed east of the Lesser Antilles. It traveled north and developed into a hurricane, but never made landfall and was last observed on September 19. Hurricane Four also never made landfall. Growing from a tropical storm first seen south-west of the Cape Verde Islands, it traveled across\",\n \"title\": \"1872 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377681\",\n \"text\": \"2 and stalled offshore. A frontal wave developed the next day, steadily developing due to thermal instability. On July 4, the system organized into a tropical depression about 120 mi (195 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. While in its formative stages, it dropped rainfall along the coast of the Carolinas, peaking at in Pinopolis, South Carolina. The depression tracked northeastward due to a ridge over New England, and the cyclone passed just southeast of the Outer Banks. After a Hurricane Hunters plane observed gale-force winds, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene late on July 5; in\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3364081\",\n \"text\": \"hurricane. It traveled 6,850 miles (11,020 km) and lasted a total of 16 days. Hurricane Joan–Miriam of 1988 and Hurricane Irene–Olivia of 1971 lasted longer, both having crossed narrow parts of Central America and regaining cyclonic motion in the Pacific. Twenty nations took part in the GATE research project in 1974, where Douglas DC-6 aircraft examined tropical waves which spawn Cape Verde hurricanes. In 2006, there was a two-month research project known as NAMMA-06 (short for NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Activities) which flew Douglas DC-8s into seedling disturbances in the eastern Atlantic which had the potential to become Cape Verde\",\n \"title\": \"Cape Verde hurricane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5566205\",\n \"text\": \"four tornadoes in Alabama, three of which were F2 tornadoes. Two touched down in Baldwin County; one destroyed two homes and damaged several others, and the other destroyed two mobile homes, a few barns, and damaged ten houses. Two tornadoes also touched down in Washington County, one of which destroyed several small buildings and downed a few trees. In Florida, Edith produced slightly above-normal tides and light rain. It spawned a tornado in Pensacola, Florida, injuring one person and inflicting $25,000 in damage (1971 dollars, $125,000 in 2006 dollars). Damage throughout the United States totaled $25 million (1971 dollars, $\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Edith (1971)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15853233\",\n \"text\": \"About 3 1/2 hours later, Tropical Storm Irene made landfall with winds in the Coney Island neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Following its final New York landfall, Irene moved northeast over New England while maintaining its strength, before it was declared an extratropical cyclone early on August 29, while its center was located near the New Hampshire/Vermont border. During that day, the system continued to move towards the northeast, before it was absorbed by a frontal system early on August 30. In response to the formation of Irene, tropical storm warnings were issued for all of the Leeward Islands and\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Irene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377697\",\n \"text\": \"injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida. Damage in the United States totaled $25 million (1971 USD, $ USD). Hurricane Ginger was the longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record until 2003, when the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane was retroactively found to have lasted longer. The eighth tropical cyclone and fifth hurricane of the season, Ginger spent 27.25 days as a tropical cyclone, and lasted from September 6 to October 3. The storm developed in a large region of convection across the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic, and for the first nine days of\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3747152\",\n \"text\": \"in the Outer Banks. After weakening further, Gloria passed just east of the Delmarva Peninsula and New Jersey and interacted with a cold front. Its strongest winds remained on the eastern edge of the circulation, and the storm was gradually losing tropical characteristics. At 1600 UTC on September 27, the hurricane made landfall with a broad and poorly defined center between John F. Kennedy International Airport and Islip, New York, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) on western Long Island. This was only about three days after Henri struck the same general area as a much weaker tropical storm.\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Gloria\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12562196\",\n \"text\": \"Hawaii from 2-8 August. Lillian became post-tropical shortly before making landfall on September 29 with winds of 50 mph. Mona, the final storm of the season made landfall around about the same area as Lillian did with winds of 85 mph. Timeline of activity in the 1963 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane Emily formed on June 29 while moving west. It then turned to the north and dissipated over the mountainous regions of Mexico. Hurricane Florence followed nearly a due west track as it persisted to move away from land and eventually weakened and dissipated without any affect on a landmass.\",\n \"title\": \"1963 Pacific hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3395905\",\n \"text\": \"(1978 USD) in damage. Tropical Storm Bess and Hurricane Cora resulted in only minor land impacts, while the latter was attributed to one fatality. Later in August, Tropical Storm Debra produced widespread effects, though damage was also relatively minor. Hurricane Ella became the northernmost Category 4 hurricane while located at 38°N, and lashed the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada with gusty winds and rip currents. Hurricanes Flossie and Kendra as well as Tropical Storms Hope, Irma, and Juliet caused minimal land impacts as a tropical cyclone. However, the precursor to Hurricane Kendra caused flooding in Puerto\",\n \"title\": \"1978 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6484214\",\n \"text\": \"Olivia continued north into California, where they brought rain. Priscilla made landfall south of Mazatlán as a tropical storm. It had weakened significantly before landfall, having once been a strong Category 3 hurricane. Priscilla destroyed roughly 36,000 acres of corn, tomatoes, peppers, bananas, and cotton, resulting in $3.12 million in losses. Heavy rains inundated 30 towns in Nayarit, damaging roads and two major thoroughfares; road damage totaled $544,000. Ramona formed on October 28, it quickly strengthened into a tropical storm. It later weakened back to a tropical depression. Before dissipation, it made a sharp turn to the north-northeast. It had\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Pacific hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12385796\",\n \"text\": \"as Gustav neared the west end of Cuba, it was upgraded to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, with sustained winds near 125 mph (205 km/h). Gustav continued its rapid deepening trend, and three hours later, it had already reached Category 4 strength. Gustav's maximum sustained winds had reached 155 mph (250 km/h) with a minimum pressure of 941 millibars. On August 30 Gustav made landfall twice on Cuba: first, on Isla de la Juventud and then on the mainland near the community of Los Palacios in Pinar del Río Province. By the early hours of August\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Gustav\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1970684\",\n \"text\": \"Hurricane Floyd Hurricane Floyd was a very powerful Cape Verde hurricane which struck the east coast of the United States. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd triggered the fourth largest evacuation in US history (behind Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Gustav, and Hurricane Rita) when 2.6 million coastal residents of five states were ordered from their homes as it approached. The hurricane formed off the coast of Africa and lasted from September 7 to September 19, peaking in strength as a very strong Category 4 hurricane—just 2 mph short\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Floyd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6667505\",\n \"text\": \"Nantucket. The storm crossed over eastern Cape Cod while gradually weakening, making a final landfall near Rockland, Maine, on September 26. After crossing into Canada, Esther became extratropical early on September 27 while continuing to the east-northeast. It was last noted at 06:00 UTC that day while over eastern Quebec. While Esther was becoming a powerful hurricane over the open Atlantic, the San Juan Weather Bureau office issued a small craft advisory for the Leeward Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Because of uncertainty about the storm's future path, the Weather Bureau advised residents\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Esther\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12046793\",\n \"text\": \"1967 Pacific hurricane season The 1967 Pacific hurricane season started on June 1 and ended on November 30, 1967. The season was of little note except for Hurricanes Katrina and Olivia. Katrina made landfall on the Baja Peninsula, killing at least 60 and made 2,500 homeless. Olivia made landfall on the eastern side of the Baja Peninsula as a major hurricane—only one of two storms ever to do so. Hurricane/Typhoon Sarah formed in the Central Pacific and reached category 1 strength before crossing over to the Western Pacific. On May 18, the first tropical depression of the season formed. It\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Pacific hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4043109\",\n \"text\": \"trees, as well as destroying widespread apple groves and corn fields. It became the costliest natural disaster in the state's history, only to be surpassed by Hurricane Edna ten days later. Across New England, the hurricane destroyed about 4,000 homes, 3,500 cars, and 3,000 boats. Damage totaled $460 million, and there were 60 deaths. In neighboring Canada, high rains caused flooding while strong winds downed trees and power lines. A tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August 31 to the northwest of Puerto Rico. It moved rapidly north-northwestward, intensifying into Tropical Storm Dolly later that day and into a\",\n \"title\": \"1954 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3377706\",\n \"text\": \"an approaching cold front produced cooler, drier air over the storm. Kristy intensified slightly further to peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) before becoming indistinguishable from the cold front. By October 21 it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone before dissipating near the Azores. The final storm of the season, Laura, formed on November 12 in the western Caribbean Sea, and reached winds of 70 mph (120 km/h) as it approached western Cuba. Across the island, the storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 32.5 in (830 mm). The resulting flooding killed one person and caused crop damage, and also forced\",\n \"title\": \"1971 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3754132\",\n \"text\": \"weakened as it accelerated safely to the west of Bermuda. As a Category 1 hurricane, Luis made landfall on Newfoundland before it became extratropical on September 11. Luis caused catastrophic damage in Barbuda, St. Barthelemy, St Martin and Anguilla as a Category 4 with winds between 130 mph (210 km/h) and 135 mph (217 km/h). The storm accounted for 19 deaths, left between 20,000 and 50,000 homeless (mostly in Antigua, Barbuda, Anguilla and Saint Martin) and caused roughly $3 billion (1995 USD) in damage across the affected areas. Hurricane Luis was the most devastating hurricane to strike the northern Leeward\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Luis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14338590\",\n \"text\": \"at $200 million (1976 USD). It was the second storm to strike Mexico within a week; Hurricane Liza was the first. When Madeline was over the ocean, it impacted several ships, but no major damage from these ships was reported. Hurricane Madeline (1976) Hurricane Madeline was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in Mexico in October 1976. Madeline formed on September 29, not far from Central America. The next day, the circulation dissipated, and as a result weakened to a remnant low. Four days later, on October 3, the low regenerated into a tropical depression. The system remained weak\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Madeline (1976)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19854277\",\n \"text\": \"Reserve in southeastern Nicaragua, roughly northwest of the Nicaragua–Costa Rica border at peak intensity. This marked the southernmost landfall of a hurricane in Central America since reliable records began, eclipsing Hurricane Irene–Olivia of 1971 by . After landfall, Otto's structure remained well-organized as it moved roughly parallel to the Costa Rica-Nicaraguan border, although cloud tops warmed, indicating diminishing convection. Despite moving over land, the hurricane's eye remained well-defined and intact as it traversed Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Otto was the first Atlantic hurricane on record to have its eye cross over Costa Rica, and the first hurricane-force system to traverse\",\n \"title\": \"Hurricane Otto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3349379\",\n \"text\": \"and for two days drifted toward Atlantic Canada before dissipating. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016. A tropical wave was tracked east of the Lesser Antilles in mid-August. At 1530 UTC on August 17, a reconnaissance aircraft reported a weak center and winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Less than three hours later, a tropical depression developed while located east of the Windward Islands. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith early on August 18. The storm moved west-northwestward at a relatively quick pace, striking Dominica with winds peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h)\",\n \"title\": \"1959 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did hurricane edith make landfall in 1971"}}},{"rowIdx":275,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Oregon Ducks"],"string":"[\n \"Oregon Ducks\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"17338746","text":"NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship is an annual men's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for teams in Division I. The tournament crowns a team, individual, and doubles champion . The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. The first NCAA-sponsored tournament was held in 1946. In 1963, the NCAA began to organize separate tournaments for","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship"},{"id":"2753271","text":"to become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"2753174","text":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"42551","text":"body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6, 1904, when McGill University—Naismith's alma mater—visited Queen's University. McGill won 9–7 in overtime; the score was 7–7 at the end of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good turnout of spectators watched the game. The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1937. The first national","title":"Basketball"},{"id":"2753179","text":"when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, and Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. The NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"19672589","text":"1939 NCAA Golf Championship The 1939 NCAA Golf Championship was the first annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Wakonda Country Club in Des Moines, Iowa. Stanford captured in the inaugural team championship and Vincent D'Antoni, from Tulane, won the individual title. The Indians were coached by Eddie Twiggs. The Indians had also won the last collegiate golf championship, held at Oakmont Country Club in 1938, before the beginning of NCAA sponsorship. Sid Richardson of Northwestern, with a score of 144,","title":"1939 NCAA Golf Championship"},{"id":"19672590","text":"was named the tournament's medalist. 1939 NCAA Golf Championship The 1939 NCAA Golf Championship was the first annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Wakonda Country Club in Des Moines, Iowa. Stanford captured in the inaugural team championship and Vincent D'Antoni, from Tulane, won the individual title. The Indians were coached by Eddie Twiggs. The Indians had also won the last collegiate golf championship, held at Oakmont Country Club in 1938, before the beginning of NCAA sponsorship. Sid Richardson of Northwestern,","title":"1939 NCAA Golf Championship"},{"id":"14822171","text":"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Frank McGuire brought the ACC its first National Championship as his undefeated North Carolina Tar Heels defeated Wilt Chamberlain and the Kansas Jayhawks in what is considered one of the best games in NCAA history – a 54–53 triple–overtime thriller. Chamberlain was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri Bradley won its first NIT title, defeating Memphis State in a one-point contest. Memphis State's Win Wilfong won the MVP in a losing cause as he poured in","title":"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season"},{"id":"8961112","text":"top eight football schools from the conference—Maryland, Duke, UNC, Virginia, South Carolina, Clemson, Wake Forest, and NC State—left to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. NC State's first ACC contest was on the road against Wake Forest in December 1953. The Wolfpack was ranked #8 in the nation at the time, but just as in the first ever meeting between the two schools, Wake Forest prevailed. Case and his squad defeated the Demon Deacons later that season in the first-ever ACC Tournament championship game, 82–80 in overtime. The victory meant a return trip to the NCAA Tournament, where NC State defeated","title":"NC State Wolfpack men's basketball"},{"id":"2854867","text":"NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"1917174","text":"of Track Town, USA to Eugene. Created in 1893, the football team played its first game in 1894 and won its first Rose Bowl in 1917 against the University of Pennsylvania. The 1938–39 men's basketball team, nicknamed the \"Tall Firs,\" won the first-ever NCAA basketball tournament by defeating Ohio State in the March 28, 1939 championship game. Originally recognized as an official sport at the university in 1908, baseball was disbanded in 1981 due to concerns with Title IX. In 2007, the athletic director Patrick Kilkenny announced plans to reinstate baseball and to drop wrestling while adding women's acrobatics &","title":"University of Oregon"},{"id":"4706462","text":"1999. Alejandro Cañizares of Spain won in 2003, followed by James Lepp (2005) and Matt Hill (2009), both from Canada, and Thomas Pieters of Belgium in 2012. The Intercollegiate Golf Association (later named the National Intercollegiate Golf Association (NIGA)) sponsored the annual tournament and awarded titles from 1897 through 1938. In 1939, the NCAA assumed tournament sponsorship and began awarding championship titles. Schools are listed by their current names, which do not necessarily match those used when schools won their titles. The following men have won more than one individual championship: The following schools have produced more than one individual","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships"},{"id":"15295454","text":"27, 1951. On March 26, 1952 the KU men's basketball team won its first NCAA National Championship over St. John's, coached by Forrest Clare \"Phog\" Allen. Clyde Lovellette of Kansas was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, and is still the only player to lead the nation in scoring and lead his team to a national title in the same year. In 1954, the debate team won their first National Debate Tournament. In one of the most cherished occasions in KU history, Allen Fieldhouse dedicated on March 1, 1955. The KU basketball team would go on to win its only","title":"History of the University of Kansas"},{"id":"16921374","text":"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1971 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the thirteenth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Howard Bison won their first national title by defeating the two-time defending champion Saint Louis Billikens in the championship game, 3–2. The final match was played on December 30, 1971, in Miami, Florida, at the Miami Orange Bowl. Howard's championship would later be vacated by the NCAA on disputed grounds of player eligibility. This was the final championship before the establishment of separate championships","title":"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"13337158","text":"possession change. The Chieftains were ahead 84–81. Globetrotter owner Abe Saperstein was so upset that he canceled the rest of the Trotters benefit schedule that year. Beginning in 1951–52, the following rules change was implemented: The final regular-season top 20 from the AP and Coaches Polls. Phog Allen led the Kansas Jayhawks to their first NCAA Tournament title, defeating St. John's 80–63. Jayhawk All-American Clyde Lovellette broke the NCAA record by scoring 141 points in the tournament and was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. La Salle won the National Invitation Tournament by beating Dayton, 75–64. Tom Gola and Norm Grekin","title":"1951–52 NCAA men's basketball season"},{"id":"3364452","text":"national collegiate championship was the NAIA in 1937, although it was quickly surpassed in prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which brought six teams to New York's Madison Square Garden in the spring of 1938. Temple defeated Colorado in the first NIT tournament championship game, 60–36. In 1939, another national tournament was implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The location of the NCAA Tournament varied from year to year, and it soon used multiple locations each year, so more fans could see games without traveling to New York. Although the NIT was created earlier and was","title":"College basketball"},{"id":"3367613","text":"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Men's Tennis Championships are separate tournaments held to crown team, individual, and doubles champion in American college tennis. The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. Since 1963, the NCAA organizes separate tournaments for Division I and II. A tournament for Division III was added in 1973. However, after 1995, the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament. From 1946–1976, players' individual performances were","title":"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship"},{"id":"16921376","text":"ruling. 1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1971 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the thirteenth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Howard Bison won their first national title by defeating the two-time defending champion Saint Louis Billikens in the championship game, 3–2. The final match was played on December 30, 1971, in Miami, Florida, at the Miami Orange Bowl. Howard's championship would later be vacated by the NCAA on disputed grounds of player eligibility. This was the final championship before the establishment of separate","title":"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"15512938","text":"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season Beginning in 1955–56, the following rules changes were implemented: The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Coach Phil Woolpert and his star Bill Russell successfully guided San Francisco to its second consecutive championship, capping an undefeated season. The Dons became the first team in college basketball history to go undefeated and win the NCAA tournament. Temple's Hal Lear was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at McGaw Hall in Evanston, Illinois Louisville won its first NIT title, defeating Dayton 83–80. Louisville's Charlie Tyra won MVP honors Played at Madison Square Garden in","title":"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season"},{"id":"14694846","text":"Bobby Anet Charles Robert Anet (August 11, 1917 – July 25, 1981) was a college basketball guard who helped guide the University of Oregon to win the inaugural NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament championship in 1938–39. Aside from scoring 10 points in the 46–33 win over Ohio State in the title game, Anet is most remembered for breaking the championship game trophy when he accidentally knocked it over while diving for a loose ball during the course of play. The damaged trophy contributed to the NCAA's overall loss of $2,531 on the tournament—the only deficit that the event has","title":"Bobby Anet"},{"id":"3367615","text":"championship sponsored by NCAA\" NCAA Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Men's Tennis Championships are separate tournaments held to crown team, individual, and doubles champion in American college tennis. The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. Since 1963, the NCAA organizes separate tournaments for Division I and II. A tournament for Division III was added in 1973. However, after 1995, the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament. From 1946–1976,","title":"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship"},{"id":"3236611","text":"its earliest program established by New York University in 1877. The first intercollegiate tournament was held in 1881 featuring four teams: New York University, Princeton University, Columbia University, and Harvard University. This tournament was won by Harvard. The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) was created in 1885, and awarded the inaugural Wingate Memorial Trophy to the University of Maryland as national champions in 1936. The award was presented to the team (or teams) with the best record until the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) instituted a playoff system in 1971. The NCAA sponsored its premier Men's Lacrosse Championship with","title":"Field lacrosse"},{"id":"13210709","text":"Miami-Florida, Denver, St. Francis, Wichita State, Colorado, Cal, CCNY, Long Island Univ., South Carolina and St. Louis. His 1954–55 team was second in the Mid-American Conference, but was denied a berth in the NIT by the league in the wake of the cheating scandals in New York and other college spots in the early 1950s. Henderson's first basketball All-American, Jule Rivlin, coached the 1955–56 Herd to its only MAC title and first-ever NCAA Tournament. Rivlin's 1958 Herd led the nation in scoring, with Hal Greer and Leo Byrd, scoring 88.1 points per game and topping the Jerry West-led Mountaineers of","title":"Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball"},{"id":"15512939","text":"New York City <br> 1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season Beginning in 1955–56, the following rules changes were implemented: The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Coach Phil Woolpert and his star Bill Russell successfully guided San Francisco to its second consecutive championship, capping an undefeated season. The Dons became the first team in college basketball history to go undefeated and win the NCAA tournament. Temple's Hal Lear was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at McGaw Hall in Evanston, Illinois Louisville won its first NIT title, defeating Dayton 83–80. Louisville's Charlie Tyra won MVP honors Played at","title":"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season"},{"id":"9256994","text":"In 1953, North Carolina split from the Southern Conference and became a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Tar Heels won their first NCAA Championship in 1957 under fifth year head coach Frank McGuire, who led an undefeated 32-0 squad dominated by Lennie Rosenbluth and several other transplants from the New York City area to a 54-53 triple overtime victory over Wilt Chamberlain's Kansas Jayhawks. C.D. Chesley, a Washington, D.C. television producer, piped the 1957 championship game in Kansas City to a hastily created network of five stations across North Carolina—the ancestor to the current syndicated ACC football","title":"North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball"},{"id":"16922933","text":"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1964 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the sixth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Navy Midshipmen, in their second straight title game appearance, won their first title, defeating the Michigan State Spartans 1–0 in the final on December 5, 1964. In the title game, all-time lacrosse Hall of Famer Jimmy Lewis scored the game's only goal. This tournament featured 15 teams, a drop down from 16 teams the previous year. The tournament final was played in Providence, Rhode","title":"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"11719580","text":"tournament has given it the nickname \"college basketball's toughest tournament\". It began when Dr. James Naismith, Emil S. Liston, Frank Cramer, and local leaders formed the National College Basketball Tournament, which was staged at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The first championship game featured Central Missouri State University defeating Morningside College (Iowa) 35–24. It is also the lowest scoring championship game in tournament history. Many of the records set by the 1937 tournament have been broken, and many","title":"1937 NAIA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"9737953","text":"1949 College Player of the Year. Other notable players from the Severance era include Joe Lord, Larry Hennessy, Bob Schafer and George Raveling. Coincidentally, Severance died on April 1, 1985, which was the same day that Villanova upset Georgetown University and Patrick Ewing to take the NCAA basketball championship. The inaugural NCAA Tournament featured eight teams from throughout the country. Villanova, representing the Middle Atlantic States, beat Brown, representative of the New England States, 43–40 before a crowd of 3,500 at the Palestra. The following night, the Wildcats lost to Ohio State 53–36 in the Eastern Division Championship. Jack Kraft","title":"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball"},{"id":"9201049","text":"entire tournament was worth $545 million. Game of the Century (college basketball) The Game of the Century in college basketball was a historic NCAA game between the University of Houston Cougars and the UCLA Bruins played on January 20, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. It was the first NCAA regular season game broadcast nationwide in prime time. It established college basketball as a sports commodity on television and paved the way for the modern \"March Madness\" television coverage. The UCLA Bruins were the dominant NCAA men's basketball program of the era, winning NCAA titles in 1964, 1965, and","title":"Game of the Century (college basketball)"},{"id":"16922934","text":"Island. 1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1964 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the sixth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Navy Midshipmen, in their second straight title game appearance, won their first title, defeating the Michigan State Spartans 1–0 in the final on December 5, 1964. In the title game, all-time lacrosse Hall of Famer Jimmy Lewis scored the game's only goal. This tournament featured 15 teams, a drop down from 16 teams the previous year. The tournament final was played in Providence,","title":"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"12004309","text":"taken over oversight of basketball activity from the YMCA. In April 1905, representatives of fifteen colleges separately took over control of the college game, creating the collegiate \"Basket Ball Rule Committee.\" The Committee was in turn absorbed into the predecessor of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1909. The extremely popular NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament was started in 1939. After its arrival in Europe, basketball developed very quickly. In 1909 the first international match was held in Saint Petersburg: Mayak Saint Petersburg beat a YMCA American team. The first great European event was held in 1919 in Joinville-le-Pont, near","title":"History of basketball"},{"id":"7361266","text":"The other two conferences were the Ivy League and the Big Ten Conference. The modern tournament format began in 1987. The first incarnation of the tournament ran from 1987 to 1990, hosted at different school sites. UCLA was awarded the inaugural tournament, which was won by the Bruins. The Arizona Wildcats would take the next three. It was dropped after 1990 upon opposition from coaches, poor revenue, and poor attendance. The Pac-10 went back to having the regular season conference champion get awarded the automatic NCAA tournament bid for the 1990–2001 seasons. During that time Arizona and UCLA both won","title":"Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"20110827","text":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship in 2016. Villanova defeated Michigan, 79–62. Donte DiVincenzo, a reserve player, scored 31 points for Villanova, and was named the","title":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"3364453","text":"more prestigious than the NCAA for many years, it ultimately lost popularity and status to the NCAA Tournament. In 1950, following a double win by the 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team (when the NIT comprised 12 and the NCAA 8 teams), the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, and effectively indicated that a team eligible for the NCAA tournament should play in it. Not long afterward, assisted by the 1951 scandals based in New York City, the NCAA tournament had become more prestigious than before, with conference champions and the majority of top-ranked teams competing","title":"College basketball"},{"id":"9201039","text":"Game of the Century (college basketball) The Game of the Century in college basketball was a historic NCAA game between the University of Houston Cougars and the UCLA Bruins played on January 20, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. It was the first NCAA regular season game broadcast nationwide in prime time. It established college basketball as a sports commodity on television and paved the way for the modern \"March Madness\" television coverage. The UCLA Bruins were the dominant NCAA men's basketball program of the era, winning NCAA titles in 1964, 1965, and 1967. Houston Cougars coach Guy Lewis","title":"Game of the Century (college basketball)"},{"id":"14822172","text":"89 points in the Tigers' four games, including 31 in the final. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City <br> 1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Frank McGuire brought the ACC its first National Championship as his undefeated North Carolina Tar Heels defeated Wilt Chamberlain and the Kansas Jayhawks in what is considered one of the best games in NCAA history – a 54–53 triple–overtime thriller. Chamberlain was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri Bradley won its first NIT title,","title":"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season"},{"id":"20847154","text":"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game The 1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game was the final of the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament and the first NCAA Tournament title game. The contest was held on March 27, 1939, at Patten Gymnasium in Evanston, Illinois, and determined the national champion in the 1938–39 NCAA men's basketball season. The Ohio State Buckeyes, the champions of the Big Ten Conference, faced the Oregon Webfoots, winners of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). Oregon won the game, 46–33, to claim the school's only national championship in men's college basketball. The inaugural National Invitation Tournament (NIT) was held in","title":"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"10560995","text":"was being planned; Jacques Lipchitz's \"Song of the Vowels\" was the first object acquired in 1965, for $75,000 raised by Regent Norton Simon and the UCLA Art Council. In 1964, Coach John Wooden won the first of what would become a nearly uninterrupted series of 10 NCAA basketball championships before he eventually retired in 1975. Tommy Prothro coached the Bruin football team to its first Rose Bowl victory, against Michigan State, in 1966. Quarterback Gary Beban became the first UCLA player to win the Heisman Trophy in 1967. More national championships were won in tennis (1965), track (1966), and volleyball","title":"History of the University of California, Los Angeles"},{"id":"20263274","text":"basket by Vic Rouse with one second left. The Ramblers earned their first championship in men's college basketball. The 1962–63 Bearcats were coached by Ed Jucker, who was in his third season on the job. In the previous two seasons, Cincinnati won the national championship, defeating Ohio State in the 1961 and 1962 national championship games. The Bearcats were attempting to become the first program ever to win the NCAA Tournament for a third consecutive year. They began the season as the number-one ranked team in the AP Poll. Their first game was a 97–39 win over DePauw on December","title":"1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"13363704","text":"Navy was the recipient of one of these in 1928, alongside Johns Hopkins, Maryland, and Rutgers — each of which had only one regular-season collegiate defeat. From 1936 through 1970, the USILA awarded the Wingate Memorial Trophy to the annual champion, based on regular-season records. In 1971, the NCAA began hosting an annual men's tournament to determine the national champion. The Wingate Memorial Trophy was presented to the first two NCAA Division I champions (1971 and 1972) and was then retired. The Lt. Donald MacLaughlin Jr. Award — also known as the \"Don MacLaughlin Award\" — has been given annually","title":"Navy Midshipmen men's lacrosse"},{"id":"7357196","text":"1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 22 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 10, 1953, and ended with the championship game on March 18 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 26 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. Indiana, coached by Branch McCracken, won the tournament title with a 69–68 victory in the final game over Kansas, coached by Phog Allen. B. H. Born of Kansas was named the tournament's","title":"1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"3364450","text":"spread to colleges across the country. The Amateur Athletic Union's annual U.S. national championship tournament (first played in 1898) often featured collegiate teams playing against non-college teams. Four colleges won the AAU tournament championship: Utah (1916), NYU (1920), Butler (1924) and Washburn (1925). College teams were also runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932 and 1934. The first known tournament featuring exclusively college teams was the 1904 Summer Olympics, where basketball was a demonstration sport, and a collegiate championship tournament was held. The Olympic title was won by Hiram College. In March 1908, a two-game \"championship series\" was organized between","title":"College basketball"},{"id":"2753212","text":"the nation during 1971; and Maryland, which was ranked #3 in the nation in 1974 but lost the ACC tournament championship game to eventual national champion North Carolina State), the NCAA began to place at-large teams in the tournament, instead of just conference champions. At times during the pre-at-large era, the NIT tournament competed for prestige with the NCAA tournament. However, in the 1950s the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments. But when 8th ranked Marquette declined its invitation in 1970 after coach Al McGuire complained about the Warriors' regional placement and instead went to the","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"3851187","text":"U.S. in 1869 between Rutgers University and Princeton was contested, at Rutgers captain John W. Leggett's request, with rules mixing soccer and rugby and loosely based on those of the Football Association in London, England. However most sports historians argue that this was actually the first-ever college \"gridiron\" football season in history. But that perception is changing, with Harvard being recognized as a pioneer in gridiron football, along with McGill, Tufts, and Yale. The NCAA first began holding a men's national soccer championship in 1959. Prior to 1959, the men's national champion had been determined by a national poll instead","title":"College soccer"},{"id":"2832540","text":"on African-American players. The following year, Coach Wooden brought the first African-American student athlete (Clarence Walker) to play at the national tournament. Walker, a vital role player helped the Sycamores finish as the NAIA National Finalist. In 1957, Tennessee State would become the first historically black college to win a national championship, and the first team to win three consecutive tournaments. As of 2017, Kentucky State is the only other school to do so (1970, 1971, 1972).Oklahoma City University holds the record for the most tournament championships with 6. OKCU also holds the record for most national championship titles in","title":"NAIA Men's Basketball Championships"},{"id":"4706461","text":"competition changed to a stroke play/match play competition with the top 8 teams after 54 holes of stroke play being seeded and concluding with an 8-team match play playoff. There is also an award for the lowest scoring individual competitor. Many individual winners have gone on to have successful careers on the PGA Tour, including 1961 champion Jack Nicklaus, 1967 champion Hale Irwin, 1996 champion Tiger Woods, and three-time champions Ben Crenshaw and Phil Mickelson. Americans had captured all of the titles from the tournament's inception, until James McLean of Australia won in 1998. Luke Donald of England won in","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships"},{"id":"16920694","text":"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1967 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the ninth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Michigan State Spartans and the Saint Louis Billikens were co-national champions after the championship game was called due to inclement weather while the game was tied 0–0. This was Michigan State's first and Saint Louis' sixth title. The final match was played on December 2, 1967, in St. Louis, Missouri. The most outstanding offensive player of the tournament was Ernie Tuchscherer of Michigan State.","title":"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"16920695","text":"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1967 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the ninth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Michigan State Spartans and the Saint Louis Billikens were co-national champions after the championship game was called due to inclement weather while the game was tied 0–0. This was Michigan State's first and Saint Louis' sixth title. The final match was played on December 2, 1967, in St. Louis, Missouri. The most outstanding offensive player of the tournament was Ernie Tuchscherer of Michigan State.","title":"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament"},{"id":"9928441","text":"2002–03 season, led by freshmen Carmelo Anthony, Gerry McNamara and sophomore Hakim Warrick, the Orangemen won their first NCAA Tournament Championship with an 81–78 defeat of the University of Kansas in the final. Anthony was named NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player. Anthony left for the NBA Draft after the school year, but McNamara and Warrick stayed on, leading the team to NCAA bids in 2004 and 2005. The latter season saw Syracuse introduce a new nickname, dropping \"Orangemen\" and \"Orangewomen\" in favor of \"Orange\". In 2006, McNamara would lead the Orange to an extremely unexpected Big East Championship victory,","title":"Syracuse Orange men's basketball"},{"id":"15177807","text":"1919–20 NCAA men's basketball season This seasons predates the creation of the NIT (1938) and the NCAA tournament (1939). Penn defeated Chicago in a national championship playoff, 2 games to 1 (24-28, 29-18, 23-21). The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively nominated Pennsylvania as the best team of the year. NYU won the post-season Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) national championship tournament by defeating Rutgers, 49-24. NYU was led by the Helms Athletic Foundation's Player of the Year, Howard Cann. The first official college basketball poll appeared during the 1948–49 season. St. Bonaventure University accounting professor Patrick M. Premo and computer programmer Phil","title":"1919–20 NCAA men's basketball season"},{"id":"11076089","text":"much debate upon its opening, due to its unconventional and artistic design. Designer Tinker Hatfield's idea was to pay tribute to the 1939 national championship team, nicknamed \"The Tall Firs\", by creating silhouetted firs around the edges of the court. Matthew Knight Arena opened its doors for the first time on January 13, 2011, with the Ducks defeating the University of Southern California 68–62. The Ducks have appeared in 15 NCAA Tournaments. They won the inaugural NCAA tournament in 1939, winning the National Championship vs. Ohio State. Their combined record is 23–14. \"The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the","title":"Oregon Ducks men's basketball"},{"id":"17747584","text":"NCAA Division III Football Championship playoffs were the first single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division III college football. The inaugural edition had only four teams (in comparison with the 32 teams competing as of 2014). The championship game was held at Garrett-Harrison Stadium in Phenix City, Alabama. The Wittenberg Tigers defeated the Juniata College Eagles, 41-0, to win their first national title. 1973 NCAA Division III football season The 1973 NCAA Division III football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level,","title":"1973 NCAA Division III football season"},{"id":"2753196","text":"were still independents, with several of these, including Marquette, being traditional basketball powers. (Marquette is now a member of the Big East Conference, the one non-football league that is universally considered a major basketball conference.) The last time, as of the present day, a mid-major team from a small media market (defined as a market out of the top 25 television markets in the United States in 2018) won the National Championship was arguably 1962 when Cincinnati, then in the MVC, won 71–59 over Ohio State of the Big Ten, since Cincinnati's TV market is listed 35th in the nation","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"213405","text":"in postseason play and the program's ninth consecutive season with 20 victories, a school record. In 2013, James Madison University's Men's Basketball team won the CAA championship title for the first time since 1994. The Dukes then won their first NCAA tournament game in 30 years, defeating Long Island University-Brooklyn. The Dukes fell to Indiana in the second round, 83-62, finishing the season with a 21–15 record. James Madison University is home to the John C. Wells Planetarium. The planetarium first opened at JMU in 1956 under the direction of Dr. John C. Wells, head of the Physics Department. The","title":"James Madison University"},{"id":"5839022","text":"sign still can be seen on top of the building. When the Helms Foundation dissolved, its historical holdings were absorbed into the collection of the Amateur Athletic Foundation, renamed the LA84 Foundation in 2007. From 1939, when the NCAA Tournament started, the Helms and NCAA Division I champions were the same, except for 1939, 1940, 1944, and 1954 when Oregon, Indiana, Utah, and La Salle respectively won the tournament. Some schools claim a Helms nomination as a national championship. The World Trophy, originally known as the Helms Award, was an annual sporting award established by the Helms Athletic Foundation in","title":"Helms Athletic Foundation"},{"id":"9928430","text":"seasons. However, the NCAA confirmed that sanctions did not include the removal of any trophies or banners. Therefore, Syracuse claims all of its NCAA Tournaments appearances and conference titles from those years. Syracuse fielded its first varsity basketball team in 1916–17. The program rose to national prominence early in its history, being recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions for 1918 (under Coach Edmund Dollard) and 1926. The program made National Invitation Tournament appearances in 1946 and 1950, won the 1951 National Campus Tournament, and made its first NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament appearance in 1957. Notable early era","title":"Syracuse Orange men's basketball"},{"id":"9871623","text":"National Commissioners Invitational Tournament The National Commissioners Invitational Tournament was an eight-team postseason college men's basketball tournament run by the NCAA. It was introduced in 1974 as the Collegiate Commissioners Association Tournament. It was created because the NCAA wanted to \"kill\" the NIT, which, at that times it did not control. It only lasted two years before being discontinued after changes to the NCAA Tournament which allowed more than one team per conference to participate. The tournament was won in 1974 by Indiana over USC, 85–60, in St. Louis, Missouri. The 1974 tournament featured a collection of teams that came","title":"National Commissioners Invitational Tournament"},{"id":"7357249","text":"1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8, 1955, and ended with the championship game on March 19 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. San Francisco, coached by Phil Woolpert, won the national title with a 77–63 victory in the final game over La Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler. Bill Russell of San Francisco was named","title":"1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"13197944","text":"The Don is the home of the UTEP Miners, who are the only Division 1 Men's National Basketball Champions in the State of Texas (1966). As Texas Western, the Miners won the 1966 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The 72–65 victory over Kentucky in College Park, Maryland is considered one of the most important in the history of college basketball, as it marked the first time that a team with five African-American starters won a title game. It came against a Kentucky team that had no African-American players, during the period of the Civil Rights Movement. The title team","title":"UTEP Miners men's basketball"},{"id":"20847155","text":"1938. The following season, a second postseason college basketball tournament was founded: the NCAA Tournament, which was originally organized by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), although the NCAA did consider the event its basketball championship. The concept of the tournament was pitched to the association by Ohio State coach Harold Olsen. In October 1938, the NCAA announced that it approved the tournament's creation, as long as it was run by the NABC. The tournament featured an eight-team field, consisting of conference champions. The teams were divided into East and West regions. Seeking to control the amount of travel","title":"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"3364451","text":"the University of Chicago and Penn, with games played in Philadelphia and Bartlett, Illinois. Chicago swept both games to win the series. In March 1922, the 1922 National Intercollegiate Basketball Tournament was held in Indianapolis – the first stand-alone post-season tournament exclusively for college teams. The champions of six major conferences participated: Pacific Coast Conference, Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, Western Pennsylvania League, Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The Western Conference and Eastern Intercollegiate League declined invitations to participate. Wabash College won the 1922 tournament. The first organization to tout a regularly occurring","title":"College basketball"},{"id":"13444024","text":"1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game The 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game took place on March 23, 1957, between the North Carolina Tar Heels and Kansas Jayhawks at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The matchup was the final one of the nineteenth edition of the single-elimination tournament now known as the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament — commonly referred to as the NCAA Tournament — organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It was used to crown a national champion for men's basketball in the NCAA's University Division, known since 1973 as NCAA","title":"1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"11107315","text":"Bucknell Bison The Bucknell Bison are the athletic teams that represent Bucknell University. The program is a member of the Patriot League for most NCAA Division I sports and Division I FCS in football. Bucknell won the first Orange Bowl (26–0 over the University of Miami on January 1, 1935). It is also the alma mater of baseball pitcher Christy Mathewson who requested burial in a cemetery adjoining Bucknell's campus. In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's basketball tournament and became the first Patriot League team to win an NCAA tournament game, in an upset of","title":"Bucknell Bison"},{"id":"2386839","text":"for the NAIA. In 2014, ESPNU began carrying the NAIA National Football Championship. In 1937, Dr. James Naismith and local leaders staged the first National College Basketball Tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City—one year before the first National Invitation Tournament and two years before the first NCAA Tournament. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The original eight-team tournament expanded to 32 teams in 1938. On March 10, 1940, the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) was formed in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1952, the","title":"National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics"},{"id":"3367614","text":"awarded points which were tallied to determine the NCAA \"team\" champion. In 1977, the NCAA began a dual-match single-elimination team tournament with 16 schools to determine the team championship. Subsequently expanded to include byes for 12 teams in the first round, the team tournament adopted its current 64-team single-elimination format in 1999. For the 2016 season, in the Men's singles Championship, No. 6 Mackenzie McDonald (UCLA) def. No. 1 Mikael Torpegaard (Ohio State), 6-3, 6-3. In the Men's doubles Championship, Mackenzie McDonald–Martin Redlicki (UCLA) def. Arthur Rinderkech-Jackson Withrow (Texas A&M), 6-4, 6-1. † \"First championship sponsored by NCAA\" † \"First","title":"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship"},{"id":"14636688","text":"2013, at the White House to commemorate the 50th anniversary of their victory. The entire team was inducted in November of that year in the College Basketball Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Loyola remains the only school from the state of Illinois to win a men's Division I basketball NCAA tournament. Loyola's first-round regional victory over Tennessee Tech on March 11, 1963, remains a record for margin of victory (69 points) for any NCAA men's basketball tournament game. The Loyola University Chicago teams of the early 1960s, coached by George Ireland, are thought to be responsible for ushering in","title":"Loyola Ramblers men's basketball"},{"id":"13313762","text":"between 7.1 and 9.8 points per game. 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team The 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco. The Dons ended the season undefeated, becoming the first NCAA tournament champion to record a perfect season. San Francisco won two straight NCAA titles behind a punishing defense led by Bill Russell, who turned shot blocking into an art form. He was also better scorer than history gives him credit for, averaging more than 20 points in both championship seasons. In 1956, Russell had support from guard K.C. Jones and a balanced","title":"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team"},{"id":"2753262","text":"March Madness is also a registered trademark currently owned exclusively by the NCAA. H. V. Porter, an official with the Illinois High School Association (and later a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame), was the first person to use March Madness to describe a basketball tournament. Porter published an essay named \"March Madness\" during 1939, and during 1942, he used the phrase in a poem, \"Basketball Ides of March\". Through the years the use of March Madness was increased, especially in Illinois, Indiana, and other parts of the Midwest. During this period the term was used almost exclusively in","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"20010112","text":"in the same season. The match was televised on live on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. It was Indiana's first appearance since 2012, which they won. Stanford entered the final as the two-defending champion,","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game"},{"id":"2753195","text":"West and since 2011 has been a member of the MW; the Big West was not then considered a power conference, nor is the MW today. However, during the tenure of UNLV's coach at the time, Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels were widely viewed as a major program despite their conference affiliation (a situation similar to that of Gonzaga in the 2010s). The last time, as of 2018, an independent mid-major team won the National Championship was 1977 when Marquette won with a 67-59 win over North Carolina. However, at the time, a significant minority of NCAA Division I schools","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"11689585","text":"1974 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament The 1974 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 7–9. NC State defeated Maryland in overtime, 103–100, to win the championship. Tommy Burleson of NC State was named the tournament MVP. The final pitted arguably the two best teams in the country and has long been regarded by many to be the greatest ACC game in history, and one of the greatest college games ever. The game was instrumental in forcing the expansion of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament to 32 teams,","title":"1974 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"18433738","text":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. During the first round, UMBC became the first 16-seed to defeat a 1-seed in the men's tournament by defeating Virginia 74–54. For the first time in tournament history, none of the four top seeded","title":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"2753224","text":"three New York City teams, all from Manhattan, played in the East Regional at Madison Square Garden—frequently used as a \"big-game\" venue by each team—and advanced at least to the national semifinals. NYU won the East Regional in 1945 but lost in the title game, also held at the Garden, to Oklahoma A&M. CCNY played in the East Regional in both 1947 and 1950; the Beavers lost in the 1947 East final to eventual champion Holy Cross but won the 1950 East Regional and national titles at the Garden. In 1974, North Carolina State won the NCAA tournament without leaving","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"13178951","text":"1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament The 1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1958–59 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of Evansville, and Evansville's Hugh Ahlering was named Most Outstanding Player. Location: Logan Hall Location: Woodruff Hall Location: Location: Roberts Municipal Stadium Location: Glenbard High School Gym Location: McDonald Hall and Arena Location: The Barn Location: Eagle's Nest <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes each","title":"1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"13174624","text":"1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament The 1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1957–58 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of South Dakota, and Ed Smallwood of the University of Evansville was named the Most Outstanding Player. Location: Shapiro Gym Location: Tiger Memorial Gym Location: Sutter Gym Location: Roberts Municipal Stadium Location: Aurora East High School Gym Location: Cook Gymnasium","title":"1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"8712787","text":"history. Ewing was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, while Thompson became the first African American coach to win an NCAA Division I title. Freddy Brown, who made the key turnover in the title game two years prior, was given the chance to raise the trophy first. To begin the 1984-85 season, the defending champions opened the season as the No. 1 ranked team and won their first 18 games. On January 26, 1985, the St. John's University Redmen snapped the Hoyas' 29 game win streak (dating back to the prior season), in what was the first of an unprecedented","title":"Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball"},{"id":"15883558","text":"words, the team became \"the Notre Dame of college soccer\". Morrone would ultimately coach the team until he retired in 1994. In 1981, the Huskies won their first NCAA-sanctioned College Cup, defeating Alabama A&M 2-1 in overtime at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California. The Huskies also won a title in 1948, although that was before the NCAA. The Huskies, under coach Ray Reid, would win their second title in 2000, beating Creighton 2-0 in Charlotte. However, in the latter part of the 2000s decade, the Huskies struggled in the NCAA Tournament, losing their openers on penalty kicks in both 2009","title":"Connecticut Huskies men's soccer"},{"id":"2753200","text":"Championship Game (1/2). Jacksonville lost to UCLA in the National Championship, with New Mexico State defeating St. Bonaventure for third place. Below is a table that shows the performance of mid-major teams from the Sweet Sixteen round to the National Championship Game from 1939—the tournament's first year—to 2018. This table shows mid-major teams that saw success in the tournament from now-defunct conferences or were independents. The Metro Conference, which operated from 1975 to 1995, is not listed here because it was considered a major basketball conference throughout its history. Most notably, Louisville, which was a member for the league's entire","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"2753213","text":"NIT (which it won), the NCAA changed the rule to forbid a team the declines an NCAA Tournament bid from participating in any post-season tournament. Since then, the NCAA tournament has clearly been the major one, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it. A third-place game was held from 1946 to 1981. Additionally, when the tournament was first held in 1939 with only two regionals (East and West), the West held a third-place game, but the East did not. The East began holding its own third-place game in 1941, and from then on every","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"12401015","text":"1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team The 1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team won its first NCAA National Basketball Championship under head coach John R. Wooden in his 16th year at UCLA. Assistant coach Jerry Norman convinced a reluctant Wooden to use the zone press, which the team had never utilized before. The press quickened the pace of the game and was influential in the first two national titles won by the Bruins, who were undersized. In the national title game, the Bruins defeated Duke, coached by Vic Bubas, by the score of 98–83. Walt Hazzard of UCLA was named","title":"1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team"},{"id":"5347266","text":"2015 Rose Bowl semi-final. The loss to Oregon ended the Seminoles 29 game win streak and moved the Ducks into the final. They made the first ever CFP National Championship Game where they lost 42–20 to Ohio State. The Ducks men’s basketball team played its first season in 1902-1903 under head coach Charles Burden. It was not until 1927 that the Ducks played their first game at McArthur Court, defeating Willamette University 38-10. Head coach Howard Hobson was hired in 1936 and took the basketball team nicknamed \"The Tall Firs\" to win the first NCAA Men’s Basketball Championship in 1939.","title":"Oregon Ducks"},{"id":"9737952","text":"Villanova's basketball program rose to prominence. Severance compiled a 413–201 record (.673). The 1938–39 team won the first-ever NCAA Tournament game, which put them in the inaugural Final Four. Severance led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament again in 1949, 1951, and 1955. Villanova earned NIT bids in 1959 and 1960. The most storied player in Villanova history, Paul Arizin, played during this era. Severance discovered Arizin, already a Villanova student, playing basketball in the Villanova Fieldhouse. Arizin holds the Villanova record for most points in a game (85), and is credited with inventing the jump shot and was the","title":"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball"},{"id":"17338784","text":"NCAA Men's Division II Tennis Championship The NCAA Division II Men's Tennis Championship is an annual men's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for teams in Division II. Unlike the championships for Division I and Division III, this tournament crowns only a team champion. Individual and doubles titles were contested from 1963 to 1994 before being discontinued. The championship first began in 1963 as the NCAA College Division Men's Tennis Championship for smaller colleges and universities not in the larger University Division (the precursor to the current Division I). The tournament gained its","title":"NCAA Men's Division II Tennis Championship"},{"id":"13337036","text":"all major polls entering that season's NCAA tournament; their only regular-season loss was at Tennessee. They ultimately lost in the final of the NCAA Tournament, 72-65, to a Texas Western (now UTEP) team that would later be inducted in its entirety to the Hall of Fame. The game is mostly remembered today for its sociological subtext—the Miners were the first major-college team to start five black players in a NCAA Final (having done so for virtually all of the 1965–66 season ), while the Wildcats were all-white at the time (and would remain so until 1969). 1965–66 Kentucky Wildcats men's","title":"1965–66 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team"},{"id":"11148895","text":"the 1966 NCAA tournament. A controversial foul called against Greg Smith during a jump ball put Cazzie Russell on the free throw line for Michigan, where he scored the tying and winning baskets. In 1970, Illinois State hired Will Robinson as the first African-American head coach of a major college basketball program . In 1984, John Thompson Jr. became the first African-American head coach to win the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship when the Georgetown Hoyas defeated the University of Houston 84-75. In 2007, his son, John Thompson III led the Hoyas to the Final Four becoming the first","title":"Black participation in college basketball"},{"id":"11264903","text":"led to the university's decision to expand the 7,500-seat Amory-Fieldhouse to 12,700 seats. It was renamed Stokely Athletic Center to honor William B. Stokely, whose donation funded the renovation. In the expanded Stokely Center's inaugural season, the Volunteers captured the 1967 SEC championship and made the program's first ever NCAA Tournament appearance. Dubbed the \"Fearless Five,\" the 1967 team won road games against top conference teams Florida, Kentucky, and Mississippi State. The win over Mississippi State, coming in double-overtime on a pair of Bill Justus free throws, secured Tennessee's first SEC championship in 24 years and is referred to by","title":"Tennessee Volunteers basketball"},{"id":"437873","text":"is still known as a national powerhouse in Division I men's basketball. Between 1985 and 2009, the team reached the NCAA Tournament 25 consecutive years, which is the third-longest streak in NCAA history, after Kansas, with appearances from 1990-2017, North Carolina, with 27 consecutive appearances from 1975 to 2001. The Wildcats have reached the Final Four of the NCAA tournament in 1988, 1994, 1997, and 2001. In 1997, Arizona defeated the University of Kentucky, the then defending national champions, to win the NCAA National Championship (NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship) by a score of 84–79 in overtime; Arizona's first","title":"University of Arizona"},{"id":"18449944","text":"Magic Johnson and Sycamores forward Larry Bird competed against each other for the first time; the pair developed a rivalry in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1980s. Michigan State won to claim the school's first national championship in men's basketball. The 1979 NCAA tournament final had the highest Nielsen ratings of any game in the history of American basketball. The Sycamores were not ranked in the Associated Press (AP) or United Press International preseason polls, and coaches in their Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) did not pick them to win the league. The team, which had been coached by","title":"1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"3066555","text":"Prize-winning photographs in the \"Des Moines Register\" proved an intentional attack on the African American quarterback by Oklahoma A&M football players (Oklahoma A&M became Oklahoma State in 1957). In 1969, Drake's men's basketball team reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Top-seeded UCLA Bruins men's basketball and its 7-foot megastar Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) barely escaped an upset in the national semifinals, 85-82. In 1973, nearly 70 years after the original women's basketball team had been banned, Drake established a department of Women's Intercollegiate Athletics. In 1981, senior Lewis Lloyd, the nation's second-leading scorer in Division I men's","title":"Drake University"},{"id":"20162286","text":"awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events. 1957 NCAA Tennis Championships The 1957 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 12th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States. Michigan won the team championship, the Wolverines' first such title. Michigan finished just one point ahead of Tulane, 10–9, in the final team standings. Barry MacKay won the Singles Title over Sammy Giammalva of Texas in 5 sets. This year's tournaments were contested at the Eccles Tennis Center at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City,","title":"1957 NCAA Tennis Championships"},{"id":"999478","text":"pitcher Christy Mathewson, who requested burial in a cemetery adjoining Bucknell's campus. In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's basketball tournament and became the first Patriot League team to win an NCAA tournament game, upsetting Kansas (64–63). The victory followed a year that included wins over #7 Pittsburgh and Saint Joseph's. They lost to Wisconsin in the following round but received the honor of \"Best Upset\" at the 2005 ESPY Awards. All undergraduates except 200 seniors are required to live on campus. The school guarantees on-campus housing for all four years. The campus is roughly divided","title":"Bucknell University"},{"id":"11198130","text":"1954, Holy Cross won the NIT Tournament behind another future NBA Hall-of-famer and Celtics legend Tom Heinsohn. This is widely recognized as the College's second national title in basketball due to the prestige of the NIT at the time. In 1977, Holy Cross defeated a good Providence team twice on last-second shots by forward Chris Potter and led top-ranked Michigan at the half in the first round of the NCAA tournament before being defeated. The following year, 1978, Sports Illustrated ranked Holy Cross and freshman of the year Ronnie Perry ninth in its pre-season poll. Following the team's championship years","title":"Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball"},{"id":"6894183","text":"the championship. The 2009 tournament featured a six-overtime game in the quarterfinals between the Connecticut Huskies and the Syracuse Orange, in which Syracuse prevailed, 127–117. The game, the second longest in NCAA history, started on the evening of March 12 and ended nearly four hours later in the early morning of March 13. Only three players have achieved repeat MVP honors: Georgetown's Patrick Ewing (1984–1985), Louisville's Peyton Siva (2012–2013), and Villanova’s Josh Hart (2015,2017). As part of the deal in which the original Big East split into the \"new\" Big East and the American Athletic Conference, the \"new\" Big East","title":"Big East Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"13313761","text":"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team The 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco. The Dons ended the season undefeated, becoming the first NCAA tournament champion to record a perfect season. San Francisco won two straight NCAA titles behind a punishing defense led by Bill Russell, who turned shot blocking into an art form. He was also better scorer than history gives him credit for, averaging more than 20 points in both championship seasons. In 1956, Russell had support from guard K.C. Jones and a balanced lineup; besides Russell, five other players averaged","title":"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team"},{"id":"19761773","text":"by contrast, fielded an all-white squad. The Miners won 72–65, claiming the school's first national championship in men's college basketball. Their victory challenged assumptions widely held about black players at the time, and major college programs intensified their recruiting efforts towards African-American players in the years following the game. The Wildcats, coached by Adolph Rupp, began the 1965–66 season with an 83–55 win over Hardin–Simmons University on December 1, 1965. In road games at Virginia and Illinois, Kentucky prevailed by 26 and 18 points respectively. Wins in three games at home gave the Wildcats a 6–0 win–loss record, and the","title":"1966 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"7357228","text":"1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8, 1954, and ended with the championship game on March 20 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. La Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler, won the national title with a 92–76 victory in the final game over Bradley, coached by Forddy Anderson. Tom Gola of La Salle was named the","title":"1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"20950886","text":"Tournament. A late season resurgence by both programs allowed both to reach the NCAA final. The three-time defending champions, Stanford, were eliminated in the quarterfinals by Akron. The match was broadcast on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is","title":"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game"},{"id":"13833720","text":"first time since 2010, a #14 seed won as Harvard defeated New Mexico in the West Region. The same region saw #13 La Salle, who won in the opening round, defeat #4 Kansas State and #12 Mississippi defeat #5 Wisconsin. In addition to that, the region's top seed, Gonzaga, was defeated in the round of 32 by eventual region winner Wichita State, who defeated La Salle in the Sweet Sixteen. Two other teams also earned their first ever NCAA Tournament victory: Ivy League champion Harvard and Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) champion North Carolina A&T. Liberty became the first 20-loss team","title":"2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"},{"id":"14606061","text":"In that span eleven teams — Johns Hopkins, Syracuse, Princeton, North Carolina, Virginia, Cornell, Duke, Maryland, Loyola University (Maryland), Denver and Yale — have won the national title, with Syracuse leading with ten titles (plus one vacated by the NCAA). In all, 41 teams have participated in the NCAA tournament since its inception. Only seven unseeded teams — the 1988 Cornell Big Red, the 1991 Towson Tigers, the 2006 Massachusetts Minutemen, the 2010 Notre Dame Fighting Irish, the 2011 and 2012 Maryland Terrapins and the 2016 North Carolina Tar Heels — have made it to the championship game, and only","title":"NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship"},{"id":"7481629","text":"In 1939, the NABC held the first national basketball tournament in Evanston, Illinois at the Northwestern Fieldhouse. Oregon defeated Ohio State for the first tournament championship. The next year, the NABC asked the NCAA to take over the administration of the tournament. In exchange, the NCAA provided complimentary tickets for NABC members to the Finals and placed an NABC member on its Tournament Committee. NABC initiatives include establishing the original Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, the format of today's NCAA Basketball Tournament, and the College Basketball Experience and National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame at the Sprint Center","title":"National Association of Basketball Coaches"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"17338746\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship is an annual men's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for teams in Division I. The tournament crowns a team, individual, and doubles champion . The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. The first NCAA-sponsored tournament was held in 1946. In 1963, the NCAA began to organize separate tournaments for\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753271\",\n \"text\": \"to become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753174\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"42551\",\n \"text\": \"body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6, 1904, when McGill University—Naismith's alma mater—visited Queen's University. McGill won 9–7 in overtime; the score was 7–7 at the end of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good turnout of spectators watched the game. The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1937. The first national\",\n \"title\": \"Basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753179\",\n \"text\": \"when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, and Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. The NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19672589\",\n \"text\": \"1939 NCAA Golf Championship The 1939 NCAA Golf Championship was the first annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Wakonda Country Club in Des Moines, Iowa. Stanford captured in the inaugural team championship and Vincent D'Antoni, from Tulane, won the individual title. The Indians were coached by Eddie Twiggs. The Indians had also won the last collegiate golf championship, held at Oakmont Country Club in 1938, before the beginning of NCAA sponsorship. Sid Richardson of Northwestern, with a score of 144,\",\n \"title\": \"1939 NCAA Golf Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19672590\",\n \"text\": \"was named the tournament's medalist. 1939 NCAA Golf Championship The 1939 NCAA Golf Championship was the first annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Wakonda Country Club in Des Moines, Iowa. Stanford captured in the inaugural team championship and Vincent D'Antoni, from Tulane, won the individual title. The Indians were coached by Eddie Twiggs. The Indians had also won the last collegiate golf championship, held at Oakmont Country Club in 1938, before the beginning of NCAA sponsorship. Sid Richardson of Northwestern,\",\n \"title\": \"1939 NCAA Golf Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14822171\",\n \"text\": \"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Frank McGuire brought the ACC its first National Championship as his undefeated North Carolina Tar Heels defeated Wilt Chamberlain and the Kansas Jayhawks in what is considered one of the best games in NCAA history – a 54–53 triple–overtime thriller. Chamberlain was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri Bradley won its first NIT title, defeating Memphis State in a one-point contest. Memphis State's Win Wilfong won the MVP in a losing cause as he poured in\",\n \"title\": \"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8961112\",\n \"text\": \"top eight football schools from the conference—Maryland, Duke, UNC, Virginia, South Carolina, Clemson, Wake Forest, and NC State—left to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. NC State's first ACC contest was on the road against Wake Forest in December 1953. The Wolfpack was ranked #8 in the nation at the time, but just as in the first ever meeting between the two schools, Wake Forest prevailed. Case and his squad defeated the Demon Deacons later that season in the first-ever ACC Tournament championship game, 82–80 in overtime. The victory meant a return trip to the NCAA Tournament, where NC State defeated\",\n \"title\": \"NC State Wolfpack men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2854867\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1917174\",\n \"text\": \"of Track Town, USA to Eugene. Created in 1893, the football team played its first game in 1894 and won its first Rose Bowl in 1917 against the University of Pennsylvania. The 1938–39 men's basketball team, nicknamed the \\\"Tall Firs,\\\" won the first-ever NCAA basketball tournament by defeating Ohio State in the March 28, 1939 championship game. Originally recognized as an official sport at the university in 1908, baseball was disbanded in 1981 due to concerns with Title IX. In 2007, the athletic director Patrick Kilkenny announced plans to reinstate baseball and to drop wrestling while adding women's acrobatics &\",\n \"title\": \"University of Oregon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4706462\",\n \"text\": \"1999. Alejandro Cañizares of Spain won in 2003, followed by James Lepp (2005) and Matt Hill (2009), both from Canada, and Thomas Pieters of Belgium in 2012. The Intercollegiate Golf Association (later named the National Intercollegiate Golf Association (NIGA)) sponsored the annual tournament and awarded titles from 1897 through 1938. In 1939, the NCAA assumed tournament sponsorship and began awarding championship titles. Schools are listed by their current names, which do not necessarily match those used when schools won their titles. The following men have won more than one individual championship: The following schools have produced more than one individual\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15295454\",\n \"text\": \"27, 1951. On March 26, 1952 the KU men's basketball team won its first NCAA National Championship over St. John's, coached by Forrest Clare \\\"Phog\\\" Allen. Clyde Lovellette of Kansas was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, and is still the only player to lead the nation in scoring and lead his team to a national title in the same year. In 1954, the debate team won their first National Debate Tournament. In one of the most cherished occasions in KU history, Allen Fieldhouse dedicated on March 1, 1955. The KU basketball team would go on to win its only\",\n \"title\": \"History of the University of Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16921374\",\n \"text\": \"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1971 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the thirteenth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Howard Bison won their first national title by defeating the two-time defending champion Saint Louis Billikens in the championship game, 3–2. The final match was played on December 30, 1971, in Miami, Florida, at the Miami Orange Bowl. Howard's championship would later be vacated by the NCAA on disputed grounds of player eligibility. This was the final championship before the establishment of separate championships\",\n \"title\": \"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13337158\",\n \"text\": \"possession change. The Chieftains were ahead 84–81. Globetrotter owner Abe Saperstein was so upset that he canceled the rest of the Trotters benefit schedule that year. Beginning in 1951–52, the following rules change was implemented: The final regular-season top 20 from the AP and Coaches Polls. Phog Allen led the Kansas Jayhawks to their first NCAA Tournament title, defeating St. John's 80–63. Jayhawk All-American Clyde Lovellette broke the NCAA record by scoring 141 points in the tournament and was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. La Salle won the National Invitation Tournament by beating Dayton, 75–64. Tom Gola and Norm Grekin\",\n \"title\": \"1951–52 NCAA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3364452\",\n \"text\": \"national collegiate championship was the NAIA in 1937, although it was quickly surpassed in prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which brought six teams to New York's Madison Square Garden in the spring of 1938. Temple defeated Colorado in the first NIT tournament championship game, 60–36. In 1939, another national tournament was implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The location of the NCAA Tournament varied from year to year, and it soon used multiple locations each year, so more fans could see games without traveling to New York. Although the NIT was created earlier and was\",\n \"title\": \"College basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3367613\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Men's Tennis Championships are separate tournaments held to crown team, individual, and doubles champion in American college tennis. The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. Since 1963, the NCAA organizes separate tournaments for Division I and II. A tournament for Division III was added in 1973. However, after 1995, the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament. From 1946–1976, players' individual performances were\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16921376\",\n \"text\": \"ruling. 1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1971 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the thirteenth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Howard Bison won their first national title by defeating the two-time defending champion Saint Louis Billikens in the championship game, 3–2. The final match was played on December 30, 1971, in Miami, Florida, at the Miami Orange Bowl. Howard's championship would later be vacated by the NCAA on disputed grounds of player eligibility. This was the final championship before the establishment of separate\",\n \"title\": \"1971 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15512938\",\n \"text\": \"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season Beginning in 1955–56, the following rules changes were implemented: The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Coach Phil Woolpert and his star Bill Russell successfully guided San Francisco to its second consecutive championship, capping an undefeated season. The Dons became the first team in college basketball history to go undefeated and win the NCAA tournament. Temple's Hal Lear was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at McGaw Hall in Evanston, Illinois Louisville won its first NIT title, defeating Dayton 83–80. Louisville's Charlie Tyra won MVP honors Played at Madison Square Garden in\",\n \"title\": \"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14694846\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Anet Charles Robert Anet (August 11, 1917 – July 25, 1981) was a college basketball guard who helped guide the University of Oregon to win the inaugural NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament championship in 1938–39. Aside from scoring 10 points in the 46–33 win over Ohio State in the title game, Anet is most remembered for breaking the championship game trophy when he accidentally knocked it over while diving for a loose ball during the course of play. The damaged trophy contributed to the NCAA's overall loss of $2,531 on the tournament—the only deficit that the event has\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Anet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3367615\",\n \"text\": \"championship sponsored by NCAA\\\" NCAA Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Men's Tennis Championships are separate tournaments held to crown team, individual, and doubles champion in American college tennis. The first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883, 23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvard's Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title. Since 1963, the NCAA organizes separate tournaments for Division I and II. A tournament for Division III was added in 1973. However, after 1995, the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament. From 1946–1976,\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3236611\",\n \"text\": \"its earliest program established by New York University in 1877. The first intercollegiate tournament was held in 1881 featuring four teams: New York University, Princeton University, Columbia University, and Harvard University. This tournament was won by Harvard. The United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association (USILA) was created in 1885, and awarded the inaugural Wingate Memorial Trophy to the University of Maryland as national champions in 1936. The award was presented to the team (or teams) with the best record until the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) instituted a playoff system in 1971. The NCAA sponsored its premier Men's Lacrosse Championship with\",\n \"title\": \"Field lacrosse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13210709\",\n \"text\": \"Miami-Florida, Denver, St. Francis, Wichita State, Colorado, Cal, CCNY, Long Island Univ., South Carolina and St. Louis. His 1954–55 team was second in the Mid-American Conference, but was denied a berth in the NIT by the league in the wake of the cheating scandals in New York and other college spots in the early 1950s. Henderson's first basketball All-American, Jule Rivlin, coached the 1955–56 Herd to its only MAC title and first-ever NCAA Tournament. Rivlin's 1958 Herd led the nation in scoring, with Hal Greer and Leo Byrd, scoring 88.1 points per game and topping the Jerry West-led Mountaineers of\",\n \"title\": \"Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15512939\",\n \"text\": \"New York City <br> 1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season Beginning in 1955–56, the following rules changes were implemented: The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Coach Phil Woolpert and his star Bill Russell successfully guided San Francisco to its second consecutive championship, capping an undefeated season. The Dons became the first team in college basketball history to go undefeated and win the NCAA tournament. Temple's Hal Lear was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at McGaw Hall in Evanston, Illinois Louisville won its first NIT title, defeating Dayton 83–80. Louisville's Charlie Tyra won MVP honors Played at\",\n \"title\": \"1955–56 NCAA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9256994\",\n \"text\": \"In 1953, North Carolina split from the Southern Conference and became a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Tar Heels won their first NCAA Championship in 1957 under fifth year head coach Frank McGuire, who led an undefeated 32-0 squad dominated by Lennie Rosenbluth and several other transplants from the New York City area to a 54-53 triple overtime victory over Wilt Chamberlain's Kansas Jayhawks. C.D. Chesley, a Washington, D.C. television producer, piped the 1957 championship game in Kansas City to a hastily created network of five stations across North Carolina—the ancestor to the current syndicated ACC football\",\n \"title\": \"North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16922933\",\n \"text\": \"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1964 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the sixth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Navy Midshipmen, in their second straight title game appearance, won their first title, defeating the Michigan State Spartans 1–0 in the final on December 5, 1964. In the title game, all-time lacrosse Hall of Famer Jimmy Lewis scored the game's only goal. This tournament featured 15 teams, a drop down from 16 teams the previous year. The tournament final was played in Providence, Rhode\",\n \"title\": \"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11719580\",\n \"text\": \"tournament has given it the nickname \\\"college basketball's toughest tournament\\\". It began when Dr. James Naismith, Emil S. Liston, Frank Cramer, and local leaders formed the National College Basketball Tournament, which was staged at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The first championship game featured Central Missouri State University defeating Morningside College (Iowa) 35–24. It is also the lowest scoring championship game in tournament history. Many of the records set by the 1937 tournament have been broken, and many\",\n \"title\": \"1937 NAIA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737953\",\n \"text\": \"1949 College Player of the Year. Other notable players from the Severance era include Joe Lord, Larry Hennessy, Bob Schafer and George Raveling. Coincidentally, Severance died on April 1, 1985, which was the same day that Villanova upset Georgetown University and Patrick Ewing to take the NCAA basketball championship. The inaugural NCAA Tournament featured eight teams from throughout the country. Villanova, representing the Middle Atlantic States, beat Brown, representative of the New England States, 43–40 before a crowd of 3,500 at the Palestra. The following night, the Wildcats lost to Ohio State 53–36 in the Eastern Division Championship. Jack Kraft\",\n \"title\": \"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9201049\",\n \"text\": \"entire tournament was worth $545 million. Game of the Century (college basketball) The Game of the Century in college basketball was a historic NCAA game between the University of Houston Cougars and the UCLA Bruins played on January 20, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. It was the first NCAA regular season game broadcast nationwide in prime time. It established college basketball as a sports commodity on television and paved the way for the modern \\\"March Madness\\\" television coverage. The UCLA Bruins were the dominant NCAA men's basketball program of the era, winning NCAA titles in 1964, 1965, and\",\n \"title\": \"Game of the Century (college basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16922934\",\n \"text\": \"Island. 1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1964 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the sixth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Navy Midshipmen, in their second straight title game appearance, won their first title, defeating the Michigan State Spartans 1–0 in the final on December 5, 1964. In the title game, all-time lacrosse Hall of Famer Jimmy Lewis scored the game's only goal. This tournament featured 15 teams, a drop down from 16 teams the previous year. The tournament final was played in Providence,\",\n \"title\": \"1964 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12004309\",\n \"text\": \"taken over oversight of basketball activity from the YMCA. In April 1905, representatives of fifteen colleges separately took over control of the college game, creating the collegiate \\\"Basket Ball Rule Committee.\\\" The Committee was in turn absorbed into the predecessor of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1909. The extremely popular NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament was started in 1939. After its arrival in Europe, basketball developed very quickly. In 1909 the first international match was held in Saint Petersburg: Mayak Saint Petersburg beat a YMCA American team. The first great European event was held in 1919 in Joinville-le-Pont, near\",\n \"title\": \"History of basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7361266\",\n \"text\": \"The other two conferences were the Ivy League and the Big Ten Conference. The modern tournament format began in 1987. The first incarnation of the tournament ran from 1987 to 1990, hosted at different school sites. UCLA was awarded the inaugural tournament, which was won by the Bruins. The Arizona Wildcats would take the next three. It was dropped after 1990 upon opposition from coaches, poor revenue, and poor attendance. The Pac-10 went back to having the regular season conference champion get awarded the automatic NCAA tournament bid for the 1990–2001 seasons. During that time Arizona and UCLA both won\",\n \"title\": \"Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20110827\",\n \"text\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The game was played on April 2, 2018, at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, between the Michigan Wolverines and the Villanova Wildcats. Michigan last won the NCAA championship in 1989, while Villanova won the championship in 2016. Villanova defeated Michigan, 79–62. Donte DiVincenzo, a reserve player, scored 31 points for Villanova, and was named the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3364453\",\n \"text\": \"more prestigious than the NCAA for many years, it ultimately lost popularity and status to the NCAA Tournament. In 1950, following a double win by the 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team (when the NIT comprised 12 and the NCAA 8 teams), the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, and effectively indicated that a team eligible for the NCAA tournament should play in it. Not long afterward, assisted by the 1951 scandals based in New York City, the NCAA tournament had become more prestigious than before, with conference champions and the majority of top-ranked teams competing\",\n \"title\": \"College basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9201039\",\n \"text\": \"Game of the Century (college basketball) The Game of the Century in college basketball was a historic NCAA game between the University of Houston Cougars and the UCLA Bruins played on January 20, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. It was the first NCAA regular season game broadcast nationwide in prime time. It established college basketball as a sports commodity on television and paved the way for the modern \\\"March Madness\\\" television coverage. The UCLA Bruins were the dominant NCAA men's basketball program of the era, winning NCAA titles in 1964, 1965, and 1967. Houston Cougars coach Guy Lewis\",\n \"title\": \"Game of the Century (college basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14822172\",\n \"text\": \"89 points in the Tigers' four games, including 31 in the final. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City <br> 1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season. Frank McGuire brought the ACC its first National Championship as his undefeated North Carolina Tar Heels defeated Wilt Chamberlain and the Kansas Jayhawks in what is considered one of the best games in NCAA history – a 54–53 triple–overtime thriller. Chamberlain was named tournament Most Outstanding Player. Played at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri Bradley won its first NIT title,\",\n \"title\": \"1956–57 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20847154\",\n \"text\": \"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game The 1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game was the final of the 1939 NCAA Basketball Tournament and the first NCAA Tournament title game. The contest was held on March 27, 1939, at Patten Gymnasium in Evanston, Illinois, and determined the national champion in the 1938–39 NCAA men's basketball season. The Ohio State Buckeyes, the champions of the Big Ten Conference, faced the Oregon Webfoots, winners of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). Oregon won the game, 46–33, to claim the school's only national championship in men's college basketball. The inaugural National Invitation Tournament (NIT) was held in\",\n \"title\": \"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10560995\",\n \"text\": \"was being planned; Jacques Lipchitz's \\\"Song of the Vowels\\\" was the first object acquired in 1965, for $75,000 raised by Regent Norton Simon and the UCLA Art Council. In 1964, Coach John Wooden won the first of what would become a nearly uninterrupted series of 10 NCAA basketball championships before he eventually retired in 1975. Tommy Prothro coached the Bruin football team to its first Rose Bowl victory, against Michigan State, in 1966. Quarterback Gary Beban became the first UCLA player to win the Heisman Trophy in 1967. More national championships were won in tennis (1965), track (1966), and volleyball\",\n \"title\": \"History of the University of California, Los Angeles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20263274\",\n \"text\": \"basket by Vic Rouse with one second left. The Ramblers earned their first championship in men's college basketball. The 1962–63 Bearcats were coached by Ed Jucker, who was in his third season on the job. In the previous two seasons, Cincinnati won the national championship, defeating Ohio State in the 1961 and 1962 national championship games. The Bearcats were attempting to become the first program ever to win the NCAA Tournament for a third consecutive year. They began the season as the number-one ranked team in the AP Poll. Their first game was a 97–39 win over DePauw on December\",\n \"title\": \"1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13363704\",\n \"text\": \"Navy was the recipient of one of these in 1928, alongside Johns Hopkins, Maryland, and Rutgers — each of which had only one regular-season collegiate defeat. From 1936 through 1970, the USILA awarded the Wingate Memorial Trophy to the annual champion, based on regular-season records. In 1971, the NCAA began hosting an annual men's tournament to determine the national champion. The Wingate Memorial Trophy was presented to the first two NCAA Division I champions (1971 and 1972) and was then retired. The Lt. Donald MacLaughlin Jr. Award — also known as the \\\"Don MacLaughlin Award\\\" — has been given annually\",\n \"title\": \"Navy Midshipmen men's lacrosse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357196\",\n \"text\": \"1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 22 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 10, 1953, and ended with the championship game on March 18 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 26 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. Indiana, coached by Branch McCracken, won the tournament title with a 69–68 victory in the final game over Kansas, coached by Phog Allen. B. H. Born of Kansas was named the tournament's\",\n \"title\": \"1953 NCAA Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3364450\",\n \"text\": \"spread to colleges across the country. The Amateur Athletic Union's annual U.S. national championship tournament (first played in 1898) often featured collegiate teams playing against non-college teams. Four colleges won the AAU tournament championship: Utah (1916), NYU (1920), Butler (1924) and Washburn (1925). College teams were also runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932 and 1934. The first known tournament featuring exclusively college teams was the 1904 Summer Olympics, where basketball was a demonstration sport, and a collegiate championship tournament was held. The Olympic title was won by Hiram College. In March 1908, a two-game \\\"championship series\\\" was organized between\",\n \"title\": \"College basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753212\",\n \"text\": \"the nation during 1971; and Maryland, which was ranked #3 in the nation in 1974 but lost the ACC tournament championship game to eventual national champion North Carolina State), the NCAA began to place at-large teams in the tournament, instead of just conference champions. At times during the pre-at-large era, the NIT tournament competed for prestige with the NCAA tournament. However, in the 1950s the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments. But when 8th ranked Marquette declined its invitation in 1970 after coach Al McGuire complained about the Warriors' regional placement and instead went to the\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3851187\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. in 1869 between Rutgers University and Princeton was contested, at Rutgers captain John W. Leggett's request, with rules mixing soccer and rugby and loosely based on those of the Football Association in London, England. However most sports historians argue that this was actually the first-ever college \\\"gridiron\\\" football season in history. But that perception is changing, with Harvard being recognized as a pioneer in gridiron football, along with McGill, Tufts, and Yale. The NCAA first began holding a men's national soccer championship in 1959. Prior to 1959, the men's national champion had been determined by a national poll instead\",\n \"title\": \"College soccer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2832540\",\n \"text\": \"on African-American players. The following year, Coach Wooden brought the first African-American student athlete (Clarence Walker) to play at the national tournament. Walker, a vital role player helped the Sycamores finish as the NAIA National Finalist. In 1957, Tennessee State would become the first historically black college to win a national championship, and the first team to win three consecutive tournaments. As of 2017, Kentucky State is the only other school to do so (1970, 1971, 1972).Oklahoma City University holds the record for the most tournament championships with 6. OKCU also holds the record for most national championship titles in\",\n \"title\": \"NAIA Men's Basketball Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4706461\",\n \"text\": \"competition changed to a stroke play/match play competition with the top 8 teams after 54 holes of stroke play being seeded and concluding with an 8-team match play playoff. There is also an award for the lowest scoring individual competitor. Many individual winners have gone on to have successful careers on the PGA Tour, including 1961 champion Jack Nicklaus, 1967 champion Hale Irwin, 1996 champion Tiger Woods, and three-time champions Ben Crenshaw and Phil Mickelson. Americans had captured all of the titles from the tournament's inception, until James McLean of Australia won in 1998. Luke Donald of England won in\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16920694\",\n \"text\": \"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1967 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the ninth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Michigan State Spartans and the Saint Louis Billikens were co-national champions after the championship game was called due to inclement weather while the game was tied 0–0. This was Michigan State's first and Saint Louis' sixth title. The final match was played on December 2, 1967, in St. Louis, Missouri. The most outstanding offensive player of the tournament was Ernie Tuchscherer of Michigan State.\",\n \"title\": \"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16920695\",\n \"text\": \"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament The 1967 NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament was the ninth organized men's college soccer tournament by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The Michigan State Spartans and the Saint Louis Billikens were co-national champions after the championship game was called due to inclement weather while the game was tied 0–0. This was Michigan State's first and Saint Louis' sixth title. The final match was played on December 2, 1967, in St. Louis, Missouri. The most outstanding offensive player of the tournament was Ernie Tuchscherer of Michigan State.\",\n \"title\": \"1967 NCAA Soccer Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9928441\",\n \"text\": \"2002–03 season, led by freshmen Carmelo Anthony, Gerry McNamara and sophomore Hakim Warrick, the Orangemen won their first NCAA Tournament Championship with an 81–78 defeat of the University of Kansas in the final. Anthony was named NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player. Anthony left for the NBA Draft after the school year, but McNamara and Warrick stayed on, leading the team to NCAA bids in 2004 and 2005. The latter season saw Syracuse introduce a new nickname, dropping \\\"Orangemen\\\" and \\\"Orangewomen\\\" in favor of \\\"Orange\\\". In 2006, McNamara would lead the Orange to an extremely unexpected Big East Championship victory,\",\n \"title\": \"Syracuse Orange men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15177807\",\n \"text\": \"1919–20 NCAA men's basketball season This seasons predates the creation of the NIT (1938) and the NCAA tournament (1939). Penn defeated Chicago in a national championship playoff, 2 games to 1 (24-28, 29-18, 23-21). The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively nominated Pennsylvania as the best team of the year. NYU won the post-season Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) national championship tournament by defeating Rutgers, 49-24. NYU was led by the Helms Athletic Foundation's Player of the Year, Howard Cann. The first official college basketball poll appeared during the 1948–49 season. St. Bonaventure University accounting professor Patrick M. Premo and computer programmer Phil\",\n \"title\": \"1919–20 NCAA men's basketball season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11076089\",\n \"text\": \"much debate upon its opening, due to its unconventional and artistic design. Designer Tinker Hatfield's idea was to pay tribute to the 1939 national championship team, nicknamed \\\"The Tall Firs\\\", by creating silhouetted firs around the edges of the court. Matthew Knight Arena opened its doors for the first time on January 13, 2011, with the Ducks defeating the University of Southern California 68–62. The Ducks have appeared in 15 NCAA Tournaments. They won the inaugural NCAA tournament in 1939, winning the National Championship vs. Ohio State. Their combined record is 23–14. \\\"The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Ducks men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17747584\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Division III Football Championship playoffs were the first single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division III college football. The inaugural edition had only four teams (in comparison with the 32 teams competing as of 2014). The championship game was held at Garrett-Harrison Stadium in Phenix City, Alabama. The Wittenberg Tigers defeated the Juniata College Eagles, 41-0, to win their first national title. 1973 NCAA Division III football season The 1973 NCAA Division III football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level,\",\n \"title\": \"1973 NCAA Division III football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753196\",\n \"text\": \"were still independents, with several of these, including Marquette, being traditional basketball powers. (Marquette is now a member of the Big East Conference, the one non-football league that is universally considered a major basketball conference.) The last time, as of the present day, a mid-major team from a small media market (defined as a market out of the top 25 television markets in the United States in 2018) won the National Championship was arguably 1962 when Cincinnati, then in the MVC, won 71–59 over Ohio State of the Big Ten, since Cincinnati's TV market is listed 35th in the nation\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"213405\",\n \"text\": \"in postseason play and the program's ninth consecutive season with 20 victories, a school record. In 2013, James Madison University's Men's Basketball team won the CAA championship title for the first time since 1994. The Dukes then won their first NCAA tournament game in 30 years, defeating Long Island University-Brooklyn. The Dukes fell to Indiana in the second round, 83-62, finishing the season with a 21–15 record. James Madison University is home to the John C. Wells Planetarium. The planetarium first opened at JMU in 1956 under the direction of Dr. John C. Wells, head of the Physics Department. The\",\n \"title\": \"James Madison University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5839022\",\n \"text\": \"sign still can be seen on top of the building. When the Helms Foundation dissolved, its historical holdings were absorbed into the collection of the Amateur Athletic Foundation, renamed the LA84 Foundation in 2007. From 1939, when the NCAA Tournament started, the Helms and NCAA Division I champions were the same, except for 1939, 1940, 1944, and 1954 when Oregon, Indiana, Utah, and La Salle respectively won the tournament. Some schools claim a Helms nomination as a national championship. The World Trophy, originally known as the Helms Award, was an annual sporting award established by the Helms Athletic Foundation in\",\n \"title\": \"Helms Athletic Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9928430\",\n \"text\": \"seasons. However, the NCAA confirmed that sanctions did not include the removal of any trophies or banners. Therefore, Syracuse claims all of its NCAA Tournaments appearances and conference titles from those years. Syracuse fielded its first varsity basketball team in 1916–17. The program rose to national prominence early in its history, being recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions for 1918 (under Coach Edmund Dollard) and 1926. The program made National Invitation Tournament appearances in 1946 and 1950, won the 1951 National Campus Tournament, and made its first NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament appearance in 1957. Notable early era\",\n \"title\": \"Syracuse Orange men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9871623\",\n \"text\": \"National Commissioners Invitational Tournament The National Commissioners Invitational Tournament was an eight-team postseason college men's basketball tournament run by the NCAA. It was introduced in 1974 as the Collegiate Commissioners Association Tournament. It was created because the NCAA wanted to \\\"kill\\\" the NIT, which, at that times it did not control. It only lasted two years before being discontinued after changes to the NCAA Tournament which allowed more than one team per conference to participate. The tournament was won in 1974 by Indiana over USC, 85–60, in St. Louis, Missouri. The 1974 tournament featured a collection of teams that came\",\n \"title\": \"National Commissioners Invitational Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357249\",\n \"text\": \"1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8, 1955, and ended with the championship game on March 19 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. San Francisco, coached by Phil Woolpert, won the national title with a 77–63 victory in the final game over La Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler. Bill Russell of San Francisco was named\",\n \"title\": \"1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13197944\",\n \"text\": \"The Don is the home of the UTEP Miners, who are the only Division 1 Men's National Basketball Champions in the State of Texas (1966). As Texas Western, the Miners won the 1966 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The 72–65 victory over Kentucky in College Park, Maryland is considered one of the most important in the history of college basketball, as it marked the first time that a team with five African-American starters won a title game. It came against a Kentucky team that had no African-American players, during the period of the Civil Rights Movement. The title team\",\n \"title\": \"UTEP Miners men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20847155\",\n \"text\": \"1938. The following season, a second postseason college basketball tournament was founded: the NCAA Tournament, which was originally organized by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), although the NCAA did consider the event its basketball championship. The concept of the tournament was pitched to the association by Ohio State coach Harold Olsen. In October 1938, the NCAA announced that it approved the tournament's creation, as long as it was run by the NABC. The tournament featured an eight-team field, consisting of conference champions. The teams were divided into East and West regions. Seeking to control the amount of travel\",\n \"title\": \"1939 NCAA Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3364451\",\n \"text\": \"the University of Chicago and Penn, with games played in Philadelphia and Bartlett, Illinois. Chicago swept both games to win the series. In March 1922, the 1922 National Intercollegiate Basketball Tournament was held in Indianapolis – the first stand-alone post-season tournament exclusively for college teams. The champions of six major conferences participated: Pacific Coast Conference, Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, Western Pennsylvania League, Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The Western Conference and Eastern Intercollegiate League declined invitations to participate. Wabash College won the 1922 tournament. The first organization to tout a regularly occurring\",\n \"title\": \"College basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13444024\",\n \"text\": \"1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game The 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game took place on March 23, 1957, between the North Carolina Tar Heels and Kansas Jayhawks at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The matchup was the final one of the nineteenth edition of the single-elimination tournament now known as the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament — commonly referred to as the NCAA Tournament — organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It was used to crown a national champion for men's basketball in the NCAA's University Division, known since 1973 as NCAA\",\n \"title\": \"1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11107315\",\n \"text\": \"Bucknell Bison The Bucknell Bison are the athletic teams that represent Bucknell University. The program is a member of the Patriot League for most NCAA Division I sports and Division I FCS in football. Bucknell won the first Orange Bowl (26–0 over the University of Miami on January 1, 1935). It is also the alma mater of baseball pitcher Christy Mathewson who requested burial in a cemetery adjoining Bucknell's campus. In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's basketball tournament and became the first Patriot League team to win an NCAA tournament game, in an upset of\",\n \"title\": \"Bucknell Bison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2386839\",\n \"text\": \"for the NAIA. In 2014, ESPNU began carrying the NAIA National Football Championship. In 1937, Dr. James Naismith and local leaders staged the first National College Basketball Tournament at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City—one year before the first National Invitation Tournament and two years before the first NCAA Tournament. The goal of the tournament was to establish a forum for small colleges and universities to determine a national basketball champion. The original eight-team tournament expanded to 32 teams in 1938. On March 10, 1940, the National Association for Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) was formed in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1952, the\",\n \"title\": \"National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3367614\",\n \"text\": \"awarded points which were tallied to determine the NCAA \\\"team\\\" champion. In 1977, the NCAA began a dual-match single-elimination team tournament with 16 schools to determine the team championship. Subsequently expanded to include byes for 12 teams in the first round, the team tournament adopted its current 64-team single-elimination format in 1999. For the 2016 season, in the Men's singles Championship, No. 6 Mackenzie McDonald (UCLA) def. No. 1 Mikael Torpegaard (Ohio State), 6-3, 6-3. In the Men's doubles Championship, Mackenzie McDonald–Martin Redlicki (UCLA) def. Arthur Rinderkech-Jackson Withrow (Texas A&M), 6-4, 6-1. † \\\"First championship sponsored by NCAA\\\" † \\\"First\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Men's Tennis Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14636688\",\n \"text\": \"2013, at the White House to commemorate the 50th anniversary of their victory. The entire team was inducted in November of that year in the College Basketball Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Loyola remains the only school from the state of Illinois to win a men's Division I basketball NCAA tournament. Loyola's first-round regional victory over Tennessee Tech on March 11, 1963, remains a record for margin of victory (69 points) for any NCAA men's basketball tournament game. The Loyola University Chicago teams of the early 1960s, coached by George Ireland, are thought to be responsible for ushering in\",\n \"title\": \"Loyola Ramblers men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13313762\",\n \"text\": \"between 7.1 and 9.8 points per game. 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team The 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco. The Dons ended the season undefeated, becoming the first NCAA tournament champion to record a perfect season. San Francisco won two straight NCAA titles behind a punishing defense led by Bill Russell, who turned shot blocking into an art form. He was also better scorer than history gives him credit for, averaging more than 20 points in both championship seasons. In 1956, Russell had support from guard K.C. Jones and a balanced\",\n \"title\": \"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753262\",\n \"text\": \"March Madness is also a registered trademark currently owned exclusively by the NCAA. H. V. Porter, an official with the Illinois High School Association (and later a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame), was the first person to use March Madness to describe a basketball tournament. Porter published an essay named \\\"March Madness\\\" during 1939, and during 1942, he used the phrase in a poem, \\\"Basketball Ides of March\\\". Through the years the use of March Madness was increased, especially in Illinois, Indiana, and other parts of the Midwest. During this period the term was used almost exclusively in\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20010112\",\n \"text\": \"in the same season. The match was televised on live on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. It was Indiana's first appearance since 2012, which they won. Stanford entered the final as the two-defending champion,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753195\",\n \"text\": \"West and since 2011 has been a member of the MW; the Big West was not then considered a power conference, nor is the MW today. However, during the tenure of UNLV's coach at the time, Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels were widely viewed as a major program despite their conference affiliation (a situation similar to that of Gonzaga in the 2010s). The last time, as of 2018, an independent mid-major team won the National Championship was 1977 when Marquette won with a 67-59 win over North Carolina. However, at the time, a significant minority of NCAA Division I schools\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11689585\",\n \"text\": \"1974 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament The 1974 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 7–9. NC State defeated Maryland in overtime, 103–100, to win the championship. Tommy Burleson of NC State was named the tournament MVP. The final pitted arguably the two best teams in the country and has long been regarded by many to be the greatest ACC game in history, and one of the greatest college games ever. The game was instrumental in forcing the expansion of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament to 32 teams,\",\n \"title\": \"1974 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18433738\",\n \"text\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. During the first round, UMBC became the first 16-seed to defeat a 1-seed in the men's tournament by defeating Virginia 74–54. For the first time in tournament history, none of the four top seeded\",\n \"title\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753224\",\n \"text\": \"three New York City teams, all from Manhattan, played in the East Regional at Madison Square Garden—frequently used as a \\\"big-game\\\" venue by each team—and advanced at least to the national semifinals. NYU won the East Regional in 1945 but lost in the title game, also held at the Garden, to Oklahoma A&M. CCNY played in the East Regional in both 1947 and 1950; the Beavers lost in the 1947 East final to eventual champion Holy Cross but won the 1950 East Regional and national titles at the Garden. In 1974, North Carolina State won the NCAA tournament without leaving\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13178951\",\n \"text\": \"1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament The 1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1958–59 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of Evansville, and Evansville's Hugh Ahlering was named Most Outstanding Player. Location: Logan Hall Location: Woodruff Hall Location: Location: Roberts Municipal Stadium Location: Glenbard High School Gym Location: McDonald Hall and Arena Location: The Barn Location: Eagle's Nest <nowiki>*</nowiki>denotes each\",\n \"title\": \"1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13174624\",\n \"text\": \"1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament The 1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1957–58 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of South Dakota, and Ed Smallwood of the University of Evansville was named the Most Outstanding Player. Location: Shapiro Gym Location: Tiger Memorial Gym Location: Sutter Gym Location: Roberts Municipal Stadium Location: Aurora East High School Gym Location: Cook Gymnasium\",\n \"title\": \"1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8712787\",\n \"text\": \"history. Ewing was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, while Thompson became the first African American coach to win an NCAA Division I title. Freddy Brown, who made the key turnover in the title game two years prior, was given the chance to raise the trophy first. To begin the 1984-85 season, the defending champions opened the season as the No. 1 ranked team and won their first 18 games. On January 26, 1985, the St. John's University Redmen snapped the Hoyas' 29 game win streak (dating back to the prior season), in what was the first of an unprecedented\",\n \"title\": \"Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15883558\",\n \"text\": \"words, the team became \\\"the Notre Dame of college soccer\\\". Morrone would ultimately coach the team until he retired in 1994. In 1981, the Huskies won their first NCAA-sanctioned College Cup, defeating Alabama A&M 2-1 in overtime at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California. The Huskies also won a title in 1948, although that was before the NCAA. The Huskies, under coach Ray Reid, would win their second title in 2000, beating Creighton 2-0 in Charlotte. However, in the latter part of the 2000s decade, the Huskies struggled in the NCAA Tournament, losing their openers on penalty kicks in both 2009\",\n \"title\": \"Connecticut Huskies men's soccer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753200\",\n \"text\": \"Championship Game (1/2). Jacksonville lost to UCLA in the National Championship, with New Mexico State defeating St. Bonaventure for third place. Below is a table that shows the performance of mid-major teams from the Sweet Sixteen round to the National Championship Game from 1939—the tournament's first year—to 2018. This table shows mid-major teams that saw success in the tournament from now-defunct conferences or were independents. The Metro Conference, which operated from 1975 to 1995, is not listed here because it was considered a major basketball conference throughout its history. Most notably, Louisville, which was a member for the league's entire\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2753213\",\n \"text\": \"NIT (which it won), the NCAA changed the rule to forbid a team the declines an NCAA Tournament bid from participating in any post-season tournament. Since then, the NCAA tournament has clearly been the major one, with conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams participating in it. A third-place game was held from 1946 to 1981. Additionally, when the tournament was first held in 1939 with only two regionals (East and West), the West held a third-place game, but the East did not. The East began holding its own third-place game in 1941, and from then on every\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12401015\",\n \"text\": \"1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team The 1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team won its first NCAA National Basketball Championship under head coach John R. Wooden in his 16th year at UCLA. Assistant coach Jerry Norman convinced a reluctant Wooden to use the zone press, which the team had never utilized before. The press quickened the pace of the game and was influential in the first two national titles won by the Bruins, who were undersized. In the national title game, the Bruins defeated Duke, coached by Vic Bubas, by the score of 98–83. Walt Hazzard of UCLA was named\",\n \"title\": \"1963–64 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5347266\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Rose Bowl semi-final. The loss to Oregon ended the Seminoles 29 game win streak and moved the Ducks into the final. They made the first ever CFP National Championship Game where they lost 42–20 to Ohio State. The Ducks men’s basketball team played its first season in 1902-1903 under head coach Charles Burden. It was not until 1927 that the Ducks played their first game at McArthur Court, defeating Willamette University 38-10. Head coach Howard Hobson was hired in 1936 and took the basketball team nicknamed \\\"The Tall Firs\\\" to win the first NCAA Men’s Basketball Championship in 1939.\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon Ducks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9737952\",\n \"text\": \"Villanova's basketball program rose to prominence. Severance compiled a 413–201 record (.673). The 1938–39 team won the first-ever NCAA Tournament game, which put them in the inaugural Final Four. Severance led the Wildcats to the NCAA Tournament again in 1949, 1951, and 1955. Villanova earned NIT bids in 1959 and 1960. The most storied player in Villanova history, Paul Arizin, played during this era. Severance discovered Arizin, already a Villanova student, playing basketball in the Villanova Fieldhouse. Arizin holds the Villanova record for most points in a game (85), and is credited with inventing the jump shot and was the\",\n \"title\": \"Villanova Wildcats men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17338784\",\n \"text\": \"NCAA Men's Division II Tennis Championship The NCAA Division II Men's Tennis Championship is an annual men's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for teams in Division II. Unlike the championships for Division I and Division III, this tournament crowns only a team champion. Individual and doubles titles were contested from 1963 to 1994 before being discontinued. The championship first began in 1963 as the NCAA College Division Men's Tennis Championship for smaller colleges and universities not in the larger University Division (the precursor to the current Division I). The tournament gained its\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Men's Division II Tennis Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13337036\",\n \"text\": \"all major polls entering that season's NCAA tournament; their only regular-season loss was at Tennessee. They ultimately lost in the final of the NCAA Tournament, 72-65, to a Texas Western (now UTEP) team that would later be inducted in its entirety to the Hall of Fame. The game is mostly remembered today for its sociological subtext—the Miners were the first major-college team to start five black players in a NCAA Final (having done so for virtually all of the 1965–66 season ), while the Wildcats were all-white at the time (and would remain so until 1969). 1965–66 Kentucky Wildcats men's\",\n \"title\": \"1965–66 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11148895\",\n \"text\": \"the 1966 NCAA tournament. A controversial foul called against Greg Smith during a jump ball put Cazzie Russell on the free throw line for Michigan, where he scored the tying and winning baskets. In 1970, Illinois State hired Will Robinson as the first African-American head coach of a major college basketball program . In 1984, John Thompson Jr. became the first African-American head coach to win the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship when the Georgetown Hoyas defeated the University of Houston 84-75. In 2007, his son, John Thompson III led the Hoyas to the Final Four becoming the first\",\n \"title\": \"Black participation in college basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11264903\",\n \"text\": \"led to the university's decision to expand the 7,500-seat Amory-Fieldhouse to 12,700 seats. It was renamed Stokely Athletic Center to honor William B. Stokely, whose donation funded the renovation. In the expanded Stokely Center's inaugural season, the Volunteers captured the 1967 SEC championship and made the program's first ever NCAA Tournament appearance. Dubbed the \\\"Fearless Five,\\\" the 1967 team won road games against top conference teams Florida, Kentucky, and Mississippi State. The win over Mississippi State, coming in double-overtime on a pair of Bill Justus free throws, secured Tennessee's first SEC championship in 24 years and is referred to by\",\n \"title\": \"Tennessee Volunteers basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"437873\",\n \"text\": \"is still known as a national powerhouse in Division I men's basketball. Between 1985 and 2009, the team reached the NCAA Tournament 25 consecutive years, which is the third-longest streak in NCAA history, after Kansas, with appearances from 1990-2017, North Carolina, with 27 consecutive appearances from 1975 to 2001. The Wildcats have reached the Final Four of the NCAA tournament in 1988, 1994, 1997, and 2001. In 1997, Arizona defeated the University of Kentucky, the then defending national champions, to win the NCAA National Championship (NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship) by a score of 84–79 in overtime; Arizona's first\",\n \"title\": \"University of Arizona\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18449944\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson and Sycamores forward Larry Bird competed against each other for the first time; the pair developed a rivalry in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the 1980s. Michigan State won to claim the school's first national championship in men's basketball. The 1979 NCAA tournament final had the highest Nielsen ratings of any game in the history of American basketball. The Sycamores were not ranked in the Associated Press (AP) or United Press International preseason polls, and coaches in their Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) did not pick them to win the league. The team, which had been coached by\",\n \"title\": \"1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3066555\",\n \"text\": \"Prize-winning photographs in the \\\"Des Moines Register\\\" proved an intentional attack on the African American quarterback by Oklahoma A&M football players (Oklahoma A&M became Oklahoma State in 1957). In 1969, Drake's men's basketball team reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Top-seeded UCLA Bruins men's basketball and its 7-foot megastar Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) barely escaped an upset in the national semifinals, 85-82. In 1973, nearly 70 years after the original women's basketball team had been banned, Drake established a department of Women's Intercollegiate Athletics. In 1981, senior Lewis Lloyd, the nation's second-leading scorer in Division I men's\",\n \"title\": \"Drake University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20162286\",\n \"text\": \"awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events. 1957 NCAA Tennis Championships The 1957 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 12th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States. Michigan won the team championship, the Wolverines' first such title. Michigan finished just one point ahead of Tulane, 10–9, in the final team standings. Barry MacKay won the Singles Title over Sammy Giammalva of Texas in 5 sets. This year's tournaments were contested at the Eccles Tennis Center at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City,\",\n \"title\": \"1957 NCAA Tennis Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"999478\",\n \"text\": \"pitcher Christy Mathewson, who requested burial in a cemetery adjoining Bucknell's campus. In 2005, the men's basketball team went to the NCAA men's basketball tournament and became the first Patriot League team to win an NCAA tournament game, upsetting Kansas (64–63). The victory followed a year that included wins over #7 Pittsburgh and Saint Joseph's. They lost to Wisconsin in the following round but received the honor of \\\"Best Upset\\\" at the 2005 ESPY Awards. All undergraduates except 200 seniors are required to live on campus. The school guarantees on-campus housing for all four years. The campus is roughly divided\",\n \"title\": \"Bucknell University\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11198130\",\n \"text\": \"1954, Holy Cross won the NIT Tournament behind another future NBA Hall-of-famer and Celtics legend Tom Heinsohn. This is widely recognized as the College's second national title in basketball due to the prestige of the NIT at the time. In 1977, Holy Cross defeated a good Providence team twice on last-second shots by forward Chris Potter and led top-ranked Michigan at the half in the first round of the NCAA tournament before being defeated. The following year, 1978, Sports Illustrated ranked Holy Cross and freshman of the year Ronnie Perry ninth in its pre-season poll. Following the team's championship years\",\n \"title\": \"Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6894183\",\n \"text\": \"the championship. The 2009 tournament featured a six-overtime game in the quarterfinals between the Connecticut Huskies and the Syracuse Orange, in which Syracuse prevailed, 127–117. The game, the second longest in NCAA history, started on the evening of March 12 and ended nearly four hours later in the early morning of March 13. Only three players have achieved repeat MVP honors: Georgetown's Patrick Ewing (1984–1985), Louisville's Peyton Siva (2012–2013), and Villanova’s Josh Hart (2015,2017). As part of the deal in which the original Big East split into the \\\"new\\\" Big East and the American Athletic Conference, the \\\"new\\\" Big East\",\n \"title\": \"Big East Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13313761\",\n \"text\": \"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team The 1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco. The Dons ended the season undefeated, becoming the first NCAA tournament champion to record a perfect season. San Francisco won two straight NCAA titles behind a punishing defense led by Bill Russell, who turned shot blocking into an art form. He was also better scorer than history gives him credit for, averaging more than 20 points in both championship seasons. In 1956, Russell had support from guard K.C. Jones and a balanced lineup; besides Russell, five other players averaged\",\n \"title\": \"1955–56 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19761773\",\n \"text\": \"by contrast, fielded an all-white squad. The Miners won 72–65, claiming the school's first national championship in men's college basketball. Their victory challenged assumptions widely held about black players at the time, and major college programs intensified their recruiting efforts towards African-American players in the years following the game. The Wildcats, coached by Adolph Rupp, began the 1965–66 season with an 83–55 win over Hardin–Simmons University on December 1, 1965. In road games at Virginia and Illinois, Kentucky prevailed by 26 and 18 points respectively. Wins in three games at home gave the Wildcats a 6–0 win–loss record, and the\",\n \"title\": \"1966 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357228\",\n \"text\": \"1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament The 1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8, 1954, and ended with the championship game on March 20 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game. La Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler, won the national title with a 92–76 victory in the final game over Bradley, coached by Forddy Anderson. Tom Gola of La Salle was named the\",\n \"title\": \"1954 NCAA Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20950886\",\n \"text\": \"Tournament. A late season resurgence by both programs allowed both to reach the NCAA final. The three-time defending champions, Stanford, were eliminated in the quarterfinals by Akron. The match was broadcast on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is\",\n \"title\": \"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13833720\",\n \"text\": \"first time since 2010, a #14 seed won as Harvard defeated New Mexico in the West Region. The same region saw #13 La Salle, who won in the opening round, defeat #4 Kansas State and #12 Mississippi defeat #5 Wisconsin. In addition to that, the region's top seed, Gonzaga, was defeated in the round of 32 by eventual region winner Wichita State, who defeated La Salle in the Sweet Sixteen. Two other teams also earned their first ever NCAA Tournament victory: Ivy League champion Harvard and Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) champion North Carolina A&T. Liberty became the first 20-loss team\",\n \"title\": \"2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14606061\",\n \"text\": \"In that span eleven teams — Johns Hopkins, Syracuse, Princeton, North Carolina, Virginia, Cornell, Duke, Maryland, Loyola University (Maryland), Denver and Yale — have won the national title, with Syracuse leading with ten titles (plus one vacated by the NCAA). In all, 41 teams have participated in the NCAA tournament since its inception. Only seven unseeded teams — the 1988 Cornell Big Red, the 1991 Towson Tigers, the 2006 Massachusetts Minutemen, the 2010 Notre Dame Fighting Irish, the 2011 and 2012 Maryland Terrapins and the 2016 North Carolina Tar Heels — have made it to the championship game, and only\",\n \"title\": \"NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7481629\",\n \"text\": \"In 1939, the NABC held the first national basketball tournament in Evanston, Illinois at the Northwestern Fieldhouse. Oregon defeated Ohio State for the first tournament championship. The next year, the NABC asked the NCAA to take over the administration of the tournament. In exchange, the NCAA provided complimentary tickets for NABC members to the Finals and placed an NABC member on its Tournament Committee. NABC initiatives include establishing the original Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, the format of today's NCAA Basketball Tournament, and the College Basketball Experience and National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame at the Sprint Center\",\n \"title\": \"National Association of Basketball Coaches\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who won the first men's ncaa tournament"}}},{"rowIdx":276,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["4,000"],"string":"[\n \"4,000\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"5304988","text":"the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1,110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground. After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, all testing was relegated underground, in order to","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5305001","text":"was already accomplished by January 2008. Between 16 July 1945 and 23 September 1992, the United States maintained a program of vigorous nuclear testing, with the exception of a moratorium between November 1958 and September 1961. By official count, a total of 1,054 nuclear tests and two nuclear attacks were conducted, with over 100 of them taking place at sites in the Pacific Ocean, over 900 of them at the Nevada Test Site, and ten on miscellaneous sites in the United States (Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico). Until November 1962, the vast majority of the U.S. tests were atmospheric","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5304987","text":"Nuclear weapons of the United States The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before and during the Cold War, it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems. Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. government spent at least $ in present-day terms on nuclear weapons, including platforms development (aircraft, rockets and facilities), command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945,","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"1820461","text":"restricted deployment of these systems until, after the fall of the Soviet Union, system development essentially halted, and many weapons were disabled and destroyed. On January 27, 1967, more than 60 nations signed the Outer Space Treaty, banning nuclear weapons in space. There have been a number of potential nuclear disasters. Following air accidents U.S. nuclear weapons have been lost near Atlantic City, New Jersey (1957); Savannah, Georgia (1958) (see Tybee Bomb); Goldsboro, North Carolina (1961); off the coast of Okinawa (1965); in the sea near Palomares, Spain (1966) (see 1966 Palomares B-52 crash); and near Thule, Greenland (1968) (see","title":"History of nuclear weapons"},{"id":"9883992","text":"rockets and facilities), command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945, the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has built approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built less than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were aboveground. After","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"2357293","text":"of vigorous nuclear testing, with the exception of a moratorium between November 1958 and September 1961. By official count, a total of 1,054 nuclear tests and two nuclear attacks were conducted, with over 100 of them taking place at sites in the Pacific Ocean, over 900 of them at the Nevada Test Site, and ten on miscellaneous sites in the United States (Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico). Until November 1962, the vast majority of the U.S. tests were atmospheric (that is, above-ground); after the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty all testing was regulated underground, in order to","title":"Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents"},{"id":"5305039","text":"US has an estimated 4,018 nuclear weapons in either deployment or storage. This figure compares to a peak of 31,225 total warheads in 1967 and 22,217 in 1989, and does not include \"several thousand\" warheads that have been retired and scheduled for dismantlement. The Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, is the only location in the United States where weapons from the aging nuclear arsenal can be refurbished or dismantled. In 2009 and 2010, the administration of President Barack Obama declared policies that would invalidate the Bush-era policy for use of nuclear weapons and its motions to develop new ones. First,","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"2959298","text":"program.1054 tests were conducted between 1945 and 1992. The exact number of nuclear devices detonated is unclear because some tests involved multiple devices while a few failed to explode or were designed not to create a nuclear explosion. The last nuclear test by the United States was on September 23, 1992; the U.S. has signed but not ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Currently, the United States nuclear arsenal is deployed in three areas: The United States is one of the five \"Nuclear Weapons States\" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which the U.S. ratified in 1968. On","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"2959299","text":"October 13, 1999, the U.S. Senate rejected ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, having previously ratified the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963. The U.S. has not, however, tested a nuclear weapon since 1992, though it has tested many non-nuclear components and has developed powerful supercomputers in an attempt to duplicate the knowledge gained from testing without conducting the actual tests themselves. In the early 1990s, the U.S. stopped developing new nuclear weapons and now devotes most of its nuclear efforts into stockpile stewardship, maintaining and dismantling its now-aging arsenal. The administration of George W. Bush decided in 2003","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"2959296","text":"United States and weapons of mass destruction The United States is known to have possessed three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, and biological weapons. The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons in combat, when it detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. It had secretly developed the earliest form of the atomic weapon during the 1940s under the title \"Manhattan Project\". The United States pioneered the development of both the nuclear fission and hydrogen bombs (the latter involving nuclear fusion). It was","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"5304990","text":"4,018 are part of the U.S. stockpile. Of the stockpiled warheads, the U.S. stated in its April 2017 New START declaration that 1,411 are deployed on 673 ICBMs, SLBMs, and strategic bombers. The United States first began developing nuclear weapons during World War II under the order of President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939, motivated by the fear that they were engaged in a race with Nazi Germany to develop such a weapon. After a slow start under the direction of the National Bureau of Standards, at the urging of British scientists and American administrators, the program was put under the","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5304994","text":"TNT, destroying 60% of the city and killing approximately 35,000 people, among them 23,200–28,200 Japanese munitions workers, 2,000 Korean slave laborers, and 150 Japanese combatants. On January 1, 1947, the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (known as the McMahon Act) took effect, and the Manhattan Project was officially turned over to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. On August 15, 1947, the Manhattan District was abolished. Between 1945 and 1990, more than 70,000 total warheads were developed, in over 65 different varieties, ranging in yield from around .01 kilotons (such as the man-portable Davy Crockett shell) to the 25 megaton","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5304989","text":"prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. By February 2006 over $1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, and by 1998 at least $759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing. The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads; together, these two nations possess more than 90% of the world's nuclear warheads. As of 2017, the U.S. has an inventory of 6,800 nuclear warheads; of these, 2,800 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"12021983","text":"to retaliate accordingly. In early June 2015, the U.S. State Department reported that Russia had failed to correct the violation of the I.N.F. Treaty; the U.S. government was said to have made no discernible headway in making Russia so much as acknowledge the compliance problem. The US government's October 2014 report claimed that Russia had 1,643 nuclear warheads ready to launch (an increase from 1,537 in 2011) – one more than the US, thus overtaking the US for the first time since 2000; both countries' deployed capacity being in violation of the 2010 New START treaty that sets a cap","title":"Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin"},{"id":"7188792","text":"253 originally ordered), 21% were permanently and prematurely closed due to reliability or cost problems, while another 27% have completely failed for a year or more at least once. The surviving U.S. nuclear plants produce ~90% of their full-time full-load potential, but even they are not fully dependable. Even reliably operating nuclear plants must shut down, on average, for 39 days every 17 months for refueling and maintenance, and unexpected failures do occur too. A cover story in the February 11, 1985, issue of \"Forbes magazine\" commented on the overall management of the nuclear power program in the United States:","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"289360","text":"These bombings caused injuries that resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 civilians and military personnel. The ethics of these bombings and their role in Japan's surrender are subjects of debate. Since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear weapons have been detonated over two thousand times for testing and demonstration. Only a few nations possess such weapons or are suspected of seeking them. The only countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons—and acknowledge possessing them—are (chronologically by date of first test) the United States, the Soviet Union (succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia), the United Kingdom, France,","title":"Nuclear weapon"},{"id":"14677669","text":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy accidents, there have been at least 56 accidents at nuclear reactors in the United States (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage). The most serious of these was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant has been the source of two of the top five most","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"1820462","text":"1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash). Most of the lost weapons were recovered, the Spanish device after three months' effort by the DSV Alvin and DSV Aluminaut. The Soviet Union was less forthcoming about such incidents, but the environmental group Greenpeace believes that there are around forty non-U.S. nuclear devices that have been lost and not recovered, compared to eleven lost by America, mostly in submarine disasters. The U.S. has tried to recover Soviet devices, notably in the 1974 Project Azorian using the specialist salvage vessel \"Hughes Glomar Explorer\" to raise a Soviet submarine. After news leaked out about this","title":"History of nuclear weapons"},{"id":"2959301","text":"2003, the U.S. rejected Russian proposals to further reduce both nation's nuclear stockpiles to 1,500 each. In 2007, for the first time in 15 years, the United States built new warheads. These replaced some older warheads as part of the Minuteman III upgrade program. 2007 also saw the first Minuteman III missiles removed from service as part of the drawdown. Overall, stockpiles and deployment systems continue to decline in number under the terms of the New START treaty. In 2014, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists released a report, stating that there are a total of 2,530 warheads kept in reserve,","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"5305027","text":"soil, during the Cold War, the United States also stationed nuclear weapons in 27 foreign countries and territories, including Okinawa (which was US-controlled until 1971,) Japan (during the occupation immediately following World War II), Greenland, Germany, Taiwan, and French Morocco then independent Morocco. Early on in the development of its nuclear weapons, the United States relied in part on information-sharing with both the United Kingdom and Canada, as codified in the Quebec Agreement of 1943. These three parties agreed not to share nuclear weapons information with other countries without the consent of the others, an early attempt at nonproliferation. After","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5305017","text":"cleanup endeavors. Eleven American nuclear warheads are thought to be lost and unrecovered, primarily in submarine accidents. The nuclear testing program resulted in a number of cases of fallout dispersion onto populated areas. The most significant of these was the Castle Bravo test, which spread radioactive ash over an area of over , including a number of populated islands. The populations of the islands were evacuated but not before suffering radiation burns. They would later suffer long-term effects, such as birth defects and increased cancer risk. There were also instances during the nuclear testing program in which soldiers were exposed","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"10411361","text":"400 bombs. The American monopoly on nuclear weapons lasted only four years before the Soviet Union detonated an atomic bomb in September 1949. The United States responded with the development of the hydrogen bomb, a nuclear weapon a thousand times as powerful as the bombs that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Such ordinary fission bombs would henceforth be regarded as small tactical nuclear weapons. By 1986, the United States would have 23,317 nuclear weapons, while the Soviet Union had 40,159. By 2017, nine nations had nuclear weapons, but Japan was not one of them. Japan reluctantly signed the Treaty on the","title":"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"},{"id":"14677670","text":"dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. Relatively few accidents have involved fatalities. Globally, there have been at least 99 (civilian and military) recorded nuclear reactor accidents from 1952 to 2009 (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage, the amount the US federal government uses to define major energy accidents that must be reported), totaling US$20.5 billion in property damages. The accidents involved meltdowns, explosions, fires, and loss of coolant, and occurred during both normal operation and extreme emergency conditions (such as droughts and earthquakes). Property","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"10411228","text":"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion","title":"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"},{"id":"2194821","text":"(or cold) tests are any type of tests involving nuclear materials and possibly high-explosives (like those mentioned above) that purposely result in no yield. The name refers to the lack of creation of a critical mass of fissile material. They are the only type of tests allowed under the interpretation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty tacitly agreed to by the major atomic powers. Sub-critical tests continue to be performed by the United States, Russia, and the People's Republic of China, at least. Subcritical test executed by the United States include: There have also been simulations of the effects of nuclear","title":"Nuclear weapons testing"},{"id":"2959297","text":"the world's first and only nuclear power for four years (1945–1949), until the Soviet Union managed to produce its own nuclear weapon. The United States has the second largest number of deployed nuclear weapons in the world, after Russia. Nuclear weapons have been used twice in combat: two nuclear weapons were used by the United States against Japan during World War II in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Altogether, the two bombings killed 120,000 people and injured another 130,000 while devastating hundreds or thousands of military bases, factories, and cottage industries. The U.S. conducted an extensive nuclear testing","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"5305016","text":"the United States include incidents near Atlantic City, New Jersey (1957), Savannah, Georgia (1958) (see Tybee Bomb), Goldsboro, North Carolina (1961) (see 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash), off the coast of Okinawa (1965), in the sea near Palomares, Spain (1966, see 1966 Palomares B-52 crash), and near Thule Air Base, Greenland (1968) (see 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash). In some of these cases (such as Palomares), the explosive system of the fission weapon discharged, but did not trigger a nuclear chain reaction (safety features prevent this from easily happening), but did disperse hazardous nuclear materials across wide areas, necessitating expensive","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5305000","text":"unabated. Even today, as pollution threats to health and the environment persist, the government keeps knowledge about the associated risks from the public. During the presidency of George W. Bush, and especially after the 11 September terrorist attacks of 2001, rumors have circulated in major news sources that the U.S. has been considering design of new nuclear weapons (\"bunker-busting nukes\"), and the resumption of nuclear testing for reasons of stockpile stewardship. Statements by the U.S. government in 2004, however, indicated that the arsenal will drop to around 5,500 total warheads by 2012. According to recent reports, much of that reduction","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"14677671","text":"damage costs include destruction of property, emergency response, environmental remediation, evacuation, lost product, fines, and court claims. Because nuclear reactors are large and complex, accidents onsite tend to be relatively expensive. In the U.S., at least 56 nuclear reactor accidents have occurred. The most serious of these U.S. accidents was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"5551948","text":"United States has conducted 1,054 nuclear weapons tests to date, involving at least 1,151 nuclear devices, most of which occurred at Nevada Test Site and the Pacific Proving Grounds in the Marshall Islands, with ten other tests taking place at various locations in the United States, including Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico. There have been an estimated 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide; the number of nuclear tests conducted by the United States alone is currently more than the sum of nuclear testing done by all other known nuclear states (the USSR, Great Britain, France, China, India, Pakistan, and North","title":"Downwinders"},{"id":"14677681","text":"will take up to five years to fully implement. Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy accidents, there have been at least 56 accidents at nuclear reactors in the United States (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage). The most serious of these was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant has been","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"5305002","text":"(that is, above-ground); after the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty all testing was relegated underground, in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. The U.S. program of atmospheric nuclear testing exposed a number of the population to the hazards of fallout. Estimating exact numbers, and the exact consequences, of people exposed has been medically very difficult, with the exception of the high exposures of Marshall Islanders and Japanese fishers in the case of the Castle Bravo incident in 1954. A number of groups of U.S. citizens—especially farmers and inhabitants of cities downwind of the Nevada Test Site","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"442288","text":"400 nuclear-powered submarines operational or being built. Some 250 of these submarines have now been scrapped and some on order canceled, due to weapons reduction programs. The Russian Navy and United States Navy had over one hundred each, with the United Kingdom and France less than twenty each and China six. The total today is about 160. The United States is the main navy with nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (10), while Russia has nuclear-powered cruisers. Russia has eight nuclear icebreakers in service or building. Since its inception in 1948, the U.S. Navy nuclear program has developed 27 different plant designs, installed","title":"United States naval reactors"},{"id":"9883993","text":"the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, all testing was regulated underground, in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. As of February 2006, over $1.2 billion in compensation was paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, and by 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing. In 2010, the United States maintained an arsenal of 5,113 warheads and facilities for their construction and design, though many of the Cold War facilities have since been deactivated","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"9883994","text":"and are sites for environmental remediation. On December 5, 2012, the National Nuclear Security Administration announced that the U.S. conducted its 27th subcritical underground nuclear test since 1992, when the U.S. ended test nuclear explosions. Nuclear history of the United States Nuclear history of the United States describes the history of nuclear affairs in the United States whether civilian or military. The pre-Hiroshima nuclear history of the United States began with the Manhattan Project. This Manhattan Project was the nuclear program for warfare. Even before the first nuclear weapons had been developed, scientists involved with the Manhattan Project were divided","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"2959300","text":"to engage in research towards a new generation of small nuclear weapons, especially \"earth penetrators\". The budget passed by the United States Congress in 2004 eliminated funding for some of this research including the \"bunker-busting or earth-penetrating\" weapons. The exact number of nuclear weapons possessed by the United States is difficult to determine. Different treaties and organizations have different criteria for reporting nuclear weapons, especially those held in reserve, and those being dismantled or rebuilt: In 2002, the United States and Russia agreed in the SORT treaty to reduce their deployed stockpiles to not more than 2,200 warheads each. In","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"12440877","text":"occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power plant accidents include the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), Chernobyl disaster (1986), Three Mile Island accident (1979), and the SL-1 accident (1961). Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and the K-431 reactor accident (1985). The effect of nuclear accidents has been a topic of debate practically since the first nuclear reactors were constructed. It has also been a key factor in public concern about nuclear facilities. Some technical measures","title":"Nuclear power debate"},{"id":"7188791","text":"reliability of nuclear power in the United States: Of the 253 nuclear power reactors originally ordered in the United States from 1953 to 2008, 48 percent were canceled, 11 percent were prematurely shut down, 14 percent experienced at least a one-year-or-more outage, and 27 percent are operating without having a year-plus outage. Thus, only about one fourth of those ordered, or about half of those completed, are still operating and have proved relatively reliable. Amory Lovins has also commented on the historical record of nuclear power in the United States: Of all 132 U.S. nuclear plants built (52% of the","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"2357283","text":"were constructed in 1954, and has been a key factor in public concern about nuclear facilities. Technical measures to reduce the risk of accidents or to minimize the amount of radioactivity released to the environment have been adopted, however human error remains, and \"there have been many accidents with varying impacts as well near misses and incidents\". As of 2014, there have been more than 100 serious nuclear accidents and incidents from the use of nuclear power. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and about 60% of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power","title":"Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents"},{"id":"9883991","text":"because of the Fukushima storage pool experience\". In October 2011, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission instructed agency staff to move forward with seven of the 12 safety recommendations put forward by the federal task force in July. The recommendations include \"new standards aimed at strengthening operators’ ability to deal with a complete loss of power, ensuring plants can withstand floods and earthquakes and improving emergency response capabilities\". The new safety standards will take up to five years to fully implement. Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. spent at least $ in present-day terms on nuclear weapons development, including platforms development (aircraft,","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"10055573","text":"within acceptable safety guidelines. In 2006, it said: \"Since 2001, the ROP has resulted in more than 4,000 inspection findings concerning nuclear power plant licensees’ failure to fully comply with NRC regulations and industry standards for safe plant operation, and NRC has subjected more than 7.5 percent (79) of the 103 operating plants to increased oversight for varying periods\". Seventy-one percent of all recorded major nuclear accidents, including meltdowns, explosions, fires, and loss of coolants, occurred in the United States, and they happened during both normal operations as well as emergency situations such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes. Experts have","title":"Nuclear safety in the United States"},{"id":"7255950","text":"end of the Cold War, but the decades of manufacturing left behind of high-level radioactive waste, an additional of solid radioactive waste, of contaminated groundwater beneath the site and occasional discoveries of undocumented contaminations that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup. The Hanford site represents two-thirds of the nation's high-level radioactive waste by volume. Today, Hanford is the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States and is the focus of the nation's largest environmental cleanup. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine.","title":"Nuclear safety and security"},{"id":"5304993","text":"1 November 1945 and with Japan not surrendering, President Harry S. Truman ordered the atomic raids on Japan. On 6 August 1945, the U.S. detonated a uranium-gun design bomb, Little Boy, over the Japanese city of Hiroshima with an energy of about 15 kilotons of TNT, killing approximately 70,000 people, among them 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers, and destroying nearly 50,000 buildings (including the 2nd General Army and Fifth Division headquarters). Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. attacked Nagasaki using a plutonium implosion-design bomb, Fat Man, with the explosion equivalent to about 20 kilotons of","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5305015","text":"later, so pilots or individual submarine commanders had the power, but not the authority, to launch nuclear weapons entirely on their own. The United States nuclear program since its inception has experienced accidents of varying forms, ranging from single-casualty research experiments (such as that of Louis Slotin during the Manhattan Project), to the nuclear fallout dispersion of the Castle Bravo shot in 1954, to the accidental dropping of nuclear weapons from aircraft (broken arrows). How close any of these accidents came to being major nuclear disasters is a matter of technical and scholarly debate and interpretation. Weapons accidentally dropped by","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"14677677","text":"improvements on a reluctant industry, but it also increased opposition to nuclear power. The accident triggered protests around the world. Nuclear safety in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry, the 1976 testimonials","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"5767806","text":"Nuclear power phase-out A nuclear power phase-out is the discontinuation of usage of nuclear power for energy production. Often initiated because of concerns about nuclear power, phase-outs usually include shutting down nuclear power plants and looking towards fossil fuels and renewable energy. Three nuclear accidents have influenced the discontinuation of nuclear power: the 1979 Three Mile Island partial nuclear meltdown in the United States, the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in the USSR, and the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. As of 2018, Italy is the only country that operated nuclear reactors but has since phased out nuclear power completely. Following","title":"Nuclear power phase-out"},{"id":"12676921","text":"compared with £1,200,000 for the Mark 1 with Green Grass. When the Cold War ended in 1991, there were more than 500 US nuclear weapons in the UK. Of these, about 400 were bombs, 48 were Ground Launched Cruise Missiles, and approximately 100 were B57 nuclear depth bombs. The BAOR still had about 85 Lance missiles, and more than 70 W33 eight-inch and W48 155 mm nuclear artillery shells. The cruise missiles were withdrawn in 1991 under the terms of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The United States then decided to withdraw its short-range nuclear weapons. The last US","title":"Project E"},{"id":"638682","text":"governed by several international conventions and treaties, although not all countries have signed and ratified them: The only country to have used a nuclear weapon in war is the United States, which dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. There are eight countries that have declared they possess nuclear weapons and are known to have tested a nuclear weapon, only five of which are members of the NPT. The eight are China, France, India, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Israel is considered by most analysts","title":"Weapon of mass destruction"},{"id":"2194830","text":"test data. There have been many attempts to limit the number and size of nuclear tests; the most far-reaching is the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty of 1996, which has not, , been ratified by eight of the \"Annex 2 countries\" required for it to take effect, including the United States. Nuclear testing has since become a controversial issue in the United States, with a number of politicians saying that future testing might be necessary to maintain the aging warheads from the Cold War. Because nuclear testing is seen as furthering nuclear arms development, many are opposed to future testing as","title":"Nuclear weapons testing"},{"id":"5635896","text":"British submarines. Extensions to the service lives for 800 of the warheads was approved by the US government in 2000, then later increased to 2,000. The project is scheduled for completion in 2018. The warhead is currently the most numerous weapon in the US nuclear arsenal, having replaced the Poseidon SLBM warhead, the W68, in that capacity. W76 The W76 is a United States thermonuclear warhead. It was manufactured from 1978-1987, and is still in service . The W-76 is carried inside a Mk-4 re-entry vehicle. U.S. Trident I and Trident II SLBM/Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles may carry W76 warheads","title":"W76"},{"id":"10055567","text":"that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup. The Hanford site represents two-thirds of the nation's high-level radioactive waste by volume. Today, Hanford is the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States and is the focus of the nation's largest environmental cleanup. The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown on January 3, 1961, killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal of the central control rod, responsible for absorbing neutrons in the reactor core. The event is","title":"Nuclear safety in the United States"},{"id":"7188803","text":"number of power plants was at 100 with 4 under construction. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has announced it will launch a comprehensive safety review of the 104 nuclear power reactors across the United States, at the request of President Obama. A total of 45 groups and individuals had formally asked the NRC to suspend all licensing and other activities at 21 proposed nuclear reactor projects in 15 states until the NRC had completed a thorough post-Fukushima reactor crisis examination. The petitioners also asked the NRC to supplement its own investigation by establishing an","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"2959302","text":"and 2,120 actively deployed. Of the warheads actively deployed, the number of strategic warheads rests at 1,920 (subtracting 200 tactical B61s as part of Nato nuclear weapon sharing arrangements). The amount of warheads being actively disabled rests at about 2,700 warheads, which brings the total United States inventory to about 7,400 warheads. The U.S. Air Force currently operates 400 Minuteman III ICBMs, located primarily in the northern Rocky Mountain states and the Dakotas. Peacekeeper missiles were phased out of the Air Force inventory in 2005. All USAF Minuteman II missiles were destroyed in accordance with the START treaty and their","title":"United States and weapons of mass destruction"},{"id":"15487313","text":"energy industry more strictly than most other industries. The NRC and the Department of Energy (DOE), work together to insure plant safety, building and operational permits, movement and storage of nuclear waste, management of weapons-grade byproducts of plants, radiation protection, and loan guarantees. The United States has more active nuclear power plants than any other country in the world, with 104 plants out of the total 441 active sites and another 62 under construction worldwide. This is nearly twice as many sites as the next two countries, France (58) and Japan (55), combined. Construction of U.S. nuclear facilities peaked between","title":"Nuclear energy policy of the United States"},{"id":"8358448","text":"Treaty set into place in 2010, the United States continued reducing its numbers of warheads and delivery systems with a focus on modernizing and updating its most effective platforms. The United States has released a plan to complete its downsizing efforts in 2018, reducing its 2010 numbers of 880 delivery vehicles and 2,152 warheads to 800 delivery vehicles and 1,550 warheads. In their release of the 2017 NPR, the Trump Administration made clear that the United States supports global nuclear weapons elimination. President Donald Trump also stated his intent to keep the US safe, as well as allies and partners.","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"15487353","text":"both in the United States and worldwide, soured significantly after several nuclear-related incidents. According to Benjamin K. Sovacool, writer and professor at Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and a leading environmental researcher in nuclear energy policy, in the United States alone, there were over 52 different incidents from 1959–2010, ranging from leaks, cooling rod malfunctions, explosions, cracks in the core, electrocutions, core overheating and other issues. These incidents led to the deaths of seven individuals and to costs estimated at $8.56 billion (inflation adjusted to 2006). One of the largest accidents was the Three Mile Island incident","title":"Nuclear energy policy of the United States"},{"id":"9883989","text":"Davis-Besse reactor found a large rust hole in the top of the reactor pressure vessel. Recent concerns have been expressed about safety issues affecting a large part of the nuclear fleet of reactors. In 2012, the Union of Concerned Scientists, which tracks ongoing safety issues at operating nuclear plants, found that \"leakage of radioactive materials is a pervasive problem at almost 90 percent of all reactors, as are issues that pose a risk of nuclear accidents\". Following the Japanese 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, according to Black & Veatch’s annual utility survey that took place after the disaster, of the","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"8358451","text":"variants were eliminated to allow for the United States to honor the reduction requirements set forth by the New START Treaty. By February 2015, the United States Air Force had deactivated all missiles of this type and filled the silos containing them with gravel. The U.S. Minuteman III ICBMs are spread between three Air Force bases which are Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming, Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana, and Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota with each of these bases in possession of 150 missiles. Multiple programs have been put into place and are currently","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"16215150","text":"favor eliminating all nuclear weapons, 59 percent support removing all nuclear weapons from high alert, and 53 percent support cutting the Russian and U.S. nuclear arsenals to 400 nuclear weapons each. In the United States, 73 percent of the public favors eliminating all nuclear weapons, 64 percent support removing all nuclear weapons from high alert, and 59 percent support reducing Russian and U.S. nuclear arsenals to 400 weapons each. Eighty percent of Russians and Americans want their countries to participate in the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. According to a 2010 Soka Gakkai International survey of youth attitudes in Japan, Korea,","title":"Public opinion on nuclear issues"},{"id":"5305034","text":"stockpiled (later, stockpiles of previously undeclared nerve agent and mustard gas shells were located in Iraq), and the Bush administration said that its policies on proliferation were responsible for the Libyan government's agreement to abandon its nuclear ambitions. The United States is one of the five nuclear weapons states with a declared nuclear arsenal under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), of which it was an original drafter and signatory on 1 July 1968 (ratified 5 March 1970). All signatories of the NPT agreed to refrain from aiding in nuclear weapons proliferation to other states. Further under","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"3672505","text":"The United States Navy has by far the most nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, with ten Nimitz-class carriers and one Gerald R. Ford-class carrier in service. The last conventionally-powered aircraft carrier left the U.S. fleet as of 12 May 2009, when the USS \"Kitty Hawk\" (CV-63) was deactivated. France's latest aircraft carrier, the \"R91 Charles de Gaulle\", is nuclear-powered. The United Kingdom rejected nuclear power early in the development of its \"Queen Elizabeth\"-class aircraft carriers on cost grounds, as even several decades of fuel use costs less than a nuclear reactor. Since 1949 the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has","title":"Nuclear navy"},{"id":"14677676","text":"agencies at the local, state and federal levels tried to solve the problem and decide whether the ongoing accident required an emergency evacuation, and to what extent. Cleanup started in August 1979 and officially ended in December 1993, with a total cleanup cost of about $1 billion. In his 2007 preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, Benjamin K. Sovacool, estimated that the TMI accident caused a total of $2.4 billion in property damages. The health effects of the Three Mile Island accident are widely, but not universally, agreed to be very low level. The TMI accident forced regulatory and operational","title":"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States"},{"id":"2194823","text":"explosion's effects, it did not give an appreciable understanding of nuclear fallout, which was not well understood by the project scientists until well after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States conducted six atomic tests before the Soviet Union developed their first atomic bomb (RDS-1) and tested it on August 29, 1949. Neither country had very many atomic weapons to spare at first, and so testing was relatively infrequent (when the U.S. used two weapons for \"Operation Crossroads\" in 1946, they were detonating over 20% of their current arsenal). However, by the 1950s the United States had","title":"Nuclear weapons testing"},{"id":"7188774","text":"to be decommissioned, on October 24, 2016. Another five aging reactors were permanently closed in 2013 and 2014 before their licenses expired because of high maintenance and repair costs at a time when natural gas prices have fallen: San Onofre 2 and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, Vermont Yankee in Vermont, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin, and New York State is seeking to close Indian Point in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City. Most reactors began construction by 1974; following the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and changing economics, many planned projects were canceled. More than","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"2194828","text":"roughly 86% of all nuclear tests, their compliance cut the overall level substantially. France continued atmospheric testing until 1974, and China until 1980. A tacit moratorium on testing was in effect from 1958 to 1961, and ended with a series of Soviet tests in late 1961, including the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested. The United States responded in 1962 with Operation Dominic, involving dozens of tests, including the explosion of a missile launched from a submarine. Almost all new nuclear powers have announced their possession of nuclear weapons with a nuclear test. The only acknowledged nuclear power","title":"Nuclear weapons testing"},{"id":"3979245","text":"Russian Duma. The replacement 2002 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty delayed reductions to 2012, with a limit of 2,200 operationally deployed warheads. The New START treaty signed in 2010 commits to lowering that limit to 1,550 warheads, and was ratified by the Russian Duma on 26 January 2011. Enduring Stockpile The Enduring Stockpile is the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons following the end of the Cold War. During the Cold War the United States produced over 70,000 nuclear weapons. By its end, the U.S. stockpile was about 23,000 weapons of 26 different types. The production of nuclear weapons ended in","title":"Enduring Stockpile"},{"id":"2952647","text":"document \"Essentials of Post–Cold War Deterrence\", produced by the Policy Subcommittee of the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) of the United States Strategic Command. On April 8, 2010, former U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the New START Treaty, which called for a fifty percent reduction of strategic nuclear missile launchers and a curtailment of deployed nuclear warheads. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty in December 2010 by a three-quarter majority. On December 22, 2016, U.S. President Donald Trump proclaimed in a tweet that \"the United States must greatly strengthen and expand its nuclear capability until such","title":"Nuclear arms race"},{"id":"7188772","text":"Nuclear power in the United States Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 99 commercial reactors with a net capacity of 100,350 megawatts (MW), 65 pressurized water reactors and 34 boiling water reactors. In 2016 they produced a total of 805.3 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 19.7% of the nation's total electric energy generation. In 2016, nuclear energy comprised nearly 60 percent of U.S. emission-free generation. , there are two new reactors under construction with a gross electrical capacity of 2,500 MW, while 34 reactors have been permanently shut down. The United States is the world's largest","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"20413761","text":"It has effectively ceased functioning around 2011, having run out of funds a few years earlier, with the United States government, which originally funded it, declining to provide it with additional resources. From June 30, 1946, to August 18, 1958, the United States detonated sixty-seven nuclear bombs with a total yield of on the Bikini and Enewet atolls of the Marshall Islands, resulting in significant damage to the atolls and nearby areas. From 1981, several cases were brought by Marshall Island inhabitants in front of the United States Court of Claims. Following the signing of the Compact of Free Association","title":"Nuclear Claims Tribunal"},{"id":"5305044","text":"in various op-ed columns have proposed an ambitious program of urgent steps to that end. The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this agenda. Organizations such as Global Zero, an international non-partisan group of 300 world leaders dedicated to achieving nuclear disarmament, have also been established. Operational American strategic nuclear forces, July 1, 2016 Notes: Sources Nuclear weapons of the United States The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"5305038","text":"31 July 2001. The program provides compensation and health benefits to Department of Energy nuclear weapons workers (employees, former employees, contractors and subcontractors) as well as compensation to certain survivors if the worker is already deceased. By 14 August 2010, the program had already identified 45,799 civilians who lost their health (including 18,942 who developed cancer) due to exposure to radiation and toxic substances while producing nuclear weapons for the United States. The United States is one of the five recognized nuclear powers by the signatories of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). As of 2017, the","title":"Nuclear weapons of the United States"},{"id":"10055579","text":"seen as providing industry protection rather than defending the safety of the public. Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the United States except for nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry and the 1976","title":"Nuclear safety in the United States"},{"id":"10055539","text":"Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the United States except for nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry and the 1976 testimonials of three concerned GE nuclear engineers, the GE Three. In 1981, workers","title":"Nuclear safety in the United States"},{"id":"8358450","text":"light aircraft. These smaller bombs also yield smaller payloads due to their decreased size. The B61-11 is a more hardened bomb that can be used to destroy hardened targets such as bunkers, however it is unlikely that it can penetrate steel or concrete. The B83 is currently the largest bomb in the US arsenal. The US plans to retire it by the year 2025 after the new B61 LEP is completed. The United States continues to operate its Minuteman III ICBMs (three warheads each) from underground hardened silos under the command of U.S. Air Force Global Strike Command. The Peacekeeper","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"8358449","text":"Until a time where nuclear weapons are not longer needed, the Trump Administration has also stated its intent to maintain a \"modern, flexible, and resilient\" nuclear armada. Since the height of the Cold War, the US's nuclear armada has been reduced by over 85 percent. The Trump Administration acknowledges it faces a \"more diverse and advanced nuclear-threat environment than ever before.\" It is estimated that the US currently has around 475 B-61 and B-83 bombs. The B61-7 is carried by the B-2, whereas the B61-3, 4, and 10 are lighter and can be carried by the F-16, F-35, and other","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"17074304","text":"in 2017. Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country This article shows various estimates of the nuclear weapons stockpiles of various countries at various points in time. This article also shows the number of nuclear weapons tests conducted by each country at various points in time. The United States nuclear stockpile increased rapidly from 1945, peaked in 1966, and declined after that. By 2012, the United States had several times fewer nuclear weapons than it had in 1966. The Soviet Union developed its first nuclear weapon in 1949 and increased its nuclear stockpile rapidly until it peaked in","title":"Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country"},{"id":"7188850","text":"nuclear power in the US, spurred by anticipated government curbs on carbon emissions, and a belief that fossil fuels would become more costly. Ultimately however, as of 2018 following Westinhouse's Chapter 11 bankruptcy, only two new nuclear reactors are under construction in the U.S., at Vogtle. In addition Watts Bar unit 2, whose construction was started in 1973 but suspended in the 1980s, was completed and commissioned in 2016. The federal government encouraged development of nuclear power through the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, which coordinates efforts for building new nuclear power plants, and the Energy Policy Act which has provisions","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"10581381","text":"24 were deployed as part of the \"Emergency Capability\" program. The MK 17/24 bombs were long, diameter. They weighed 21 tons. The Mark 17 had a yield of . Total production of Mk 17s was 200, and there were 105 Mk 24s produced, all between October 1954 and November 1955. The Mark 17 and Mark 24 were identical in all respects save for the design of their primary section. They were the largest nuclear weapons ever put into service by the United States; only the Convair B-36 Peacemaker was capable of carrying them. A total of five EC 17 and","title":"Mark 17 nuclear bomb"},{"id":"8358444","text":"of almost 5,000 available weapons. The pinnacle of the 1990s in terms of global nuclear policy was the START Treaty in 1991 and the START II Treaty in 1993. These treaties called for the reduction of nuclear warheads and delivery systems within both the Soviet Union and the United States. Specifically, the U.S. was limited to 6,000 total warheads, 4,900 warheads on ballistic missiles, and 1,600 delivery vehicles. Consequentially, the United States began reducing both its warhead and delivery vehicle counts during this time. By the time they had completed the implementation of the START Treaty in 2001, the total","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"10055572","text":"The World Nuclear Association has stated that cleanup of the damaged nuclear reactor system at TMI-2 took nearly 12 years and cost approximately US $973 million. Benjamin K. Sovacool, in his 2007 preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, estimated that the TMI accident caused a total of $2.4 billion in property damages. The health effects of the Three Mile Island accident are widely, but not universally, agreed to be very low level. The accident triggered protests around the world. The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 alone of nuclear plants not performing","title":"Nuclear safety in the United States"},{"id":"7188817","text":"problem at almost 90 percent of all reactors, as are issues that pose a risk of nuclear accidents\". The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission reports that radioactive tritium has leaked from 48 of the 65 nuclear sites in the United States. Following the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, according to Black & Veatch’s annual utility survey that took place after the disaster, of the 700 executives from the US electric utility industry that were surveyed, nuclear safety was the top concern. There are likely to be increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats at nuclear power","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"8358453","text":"leg of the United States' nuclear triad is still going strong. Currently, the SSBN fleet consists of 14 \"Ohio\"-class submarines each capable of carrying 24 Trident II missiles. These ballistic missile submarines are based out of Kings Bay, Georgia, and Bangor, Washington. The New START Treaty has led the United States to begin reducing the number of missiles carried on each submarine from 24 to 20 and these reductions will be reached before the end of 2018. In the early 2000s, the United States possessed 18 \"Ohio\"-class submarines. Following START Treaty protocol, the United States enacted various programs to reach","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"20059481","text":"1976. Kristensen writes that the DOD withdrawal of forward-deployed weapons was 'not simply' due to the sovereignty-return negotiations. After reversion, the nuclear alert role on Okinawa increased and command and control aircraft continued to operate from the island. The U.S. continues to follow the policy of \"neither confirm nor deny\" regarding the present location of U.S. nuclear weapons and in many cases, of past locations. Early in March 2010 a Government of Japan inquiry revealed the existence of secret agreements for nuclear weapons brought into Japan. The panel findings ended decades of official denial about the secret nuclear agreements in","title":"U.S. nuclear weapons in Japan"},{"id":"5767860","text":"K. Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power plant accidents include the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), Chernobyl disaster (1986), Three Mile Island accident (1979), and the SL-1 accident (1961). Stuart Arm states, \"apart from Chernobyl, no nuclear workers or members of the public have ever died as a result of exposure to radiation due to a commercial nuclear reactor incident.\" The International Atomic Energy Agency maintains","title":"Nuclear power phase-out"},{"id":"12440914","text":"States was eroded sharply following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, with support for building nuclear power plants in the U.S. dropping slightly lower than it was immediately after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, according to a CBS News poll. Only 43 percent of those polled 10 days after the Fukushima nuclear emergency said they would approve building new power plants in the United States. A Gallup poll in the US in March 2015 found support for nuclear power at 51%, with 43% opposed. This was the lowest level of support for nuclear since 2001, and significantly down from","title":"Nuclear power debate"},{"id":"3976863","text":"postponed it across the midnight deadline. After the conclusion of Hardtack II, the United States announced a unilateral testing moratorium, which the Soviet Union joined after two last tests on November 1 and 3. In September 1961, the Soviet Union resumed nuclear testing — this period included the test of the most powerful nuclear device ever designed, the \"Tsar Bomba\" on October 30, 1961 — and the United States followed suit with \"Operation Nougat\". Operation Hardtack II Operation Hardtack II was a series of 37 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1958 at the Nevada Test Site. These","title":"Operation Hardtack II"},{"id":"7188823","text":"increase the identified reserves as of 2013 to 7.64 million tons. Over the decade 2003–2013, the identified reserves of uranium (at the same price of US$130/kg) rose from 4.59 million tons in 2003 to 5.90 million tons in 2013, an increase of 28%. The United States has the 4th largest uranium reserves in the world. The U.S. has its most prominent uranium reserves in New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming. The U.S. Department of Energy has approximated there to be at least 300 million pounds of uranium in these areas. Domestic production increased until 1980, after which it declined sharply due","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"8358445","text":"warhead count was 6,196 and the total delivery system count was 1,064. These values continued to shrink, and by 2009 the United States reduced its warhead and delivery vehicles counts to 2,200 and 850 respectively. Following the Cold War, the United States continued upgrading its various types of ICBMs. Minuteman II variants were all but eliminated and continued efforts were put toward Minuteman III and Peacekeeper variants. In 2001, the United States possessed 500 Minuteman III missiles (three warheads each) and 50 Peacekeeper missiles (ten warheads each). Within its nuclear submarine fleet, the United States eliminated the usage of the","title":"Nuclear triad"},{"id":"416363","text":"their first thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), far more powerful than the atomic bombs tested and deployed since 1945. In 1954, the US Castle Bravo test at Bikini Atoll (part of Operation Castle) had a yield of 15 megatons of TNT, more than doubling the expected yield. The Castle Bravo test resulted in the worst radiological event in US history as radioactive particles spread over more than , affected inhabited areas (including Rongelap Atoll and Utirik Atoll), and sickened Japanese fishermen aboard the \"Lucky Dragon\" upon whom \"ashes of death\" had rained. In the same year, a Soviet test sent radioactive","title":"Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty"},{"id":"7357244","text":"France, China The primary application to date has been military (i.e. nuclear weapons), and the remainder of explosions include the following: Only two nuclear weapons have been deployed in combat—both by the United States against Japan in World War II. The first event occurred on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a uranium gun-type device, code-named \"Little Boy\", on the city of Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people, including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. The second event occurred three days later when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a plutonium","title":"Nuclear explosion"},{"id":"7188795","text":"Power Plant, which was the source of two of the top five highest conditional core damage frequency nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979, according to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Despite the concerns which arose among the public after the Three Mile Island incident, the accident highlights the success of the reactor's safety systems. The radioactivity released as a result of the accident was almost entirely confined within the reinforced concrete containment structure. These containment structures, found at all nuclear power plants, were designed to successfully trap radioactive material in the event of a melt down or accident.","title":"Nuclear power in the United States"},{"id":"11940659","text":"from electromagnetic pulse has also been intensively studied throughout the European Union, and in particular by the United Kingdom. While precautions have been taken, James Woolsey and the EMP Commission suggested that an EMP is the most significant threat to the U.S. The greatest threat to human survival in the aftermath of an EMP blast would be the inability to access clean drinking water. For comparison, in the aftermath of the 2010 Haitian earthquake, the water infrastructure had been devastated and led to at least 3,333 deaths from cholera in the first few months after the earthquake. Other countries would","title":"Nuclear holocaust"},{"id":"15487360","text":"the burning core in an effort to extinguish the blaze and limit the release of radioactive particles.\" Aside from the two initial deaths, officially, 28 more died in the following weeks. Soon after, 336,000 people were evacuated after the explosion and fire. Eradiated ash, dust, and smoke traveled across much of Europe including Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. There is a heated debate over the official number of deaths, illnesses and subsequent birth defects caused by the plant's meltdown. The estimated number of deaths potentially resulting from the accident vary enormously; the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested it could reach 4,000","title":"Nuclear energy policy of the United States"},{"id":"15487342","text":"The halting of construction of these reactors marks the \"second of the four to die; Calvert Cliffs 3, in Maryland, seems unlikely at this point, because Constellation Energy could not reach financial terms with the Energy Department. The department has granted a conditional loan guarantee to one project in Georgia and may give another to a project in South Carolina.\" The House passed the Advanced Nuclear Technology Act of 2017 on January 23, 2017. Most states have been complicit with the utility companies' installation of nuclear plants, but some states have not. Although the federal government has the foremost control","title":"Nuclear energy policy of the United States"},{"id":"2524533","text":"Treaty on the non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968 (NPT) as they committed to do under the Lisbon Protocol (Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms) after becoming independent nations in the wake of the breakup of the Soviet Union. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have disposed of all their nuclear weapons or transferred them to Russia, while the U.S. and Russia have reduced the capacity of delivery vehicles to 1,600 each, with no more than 6,000 warheads. A report","title":"START I"},{"id":"14803917","text":"producing approximately 20% of the country's electrical energy needs. In absolute terms, the United States is the world's largest supplier of commercial nuclear power. However, the development of nuclear power in the United States has been stymied ever since the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in 1979. Future development of nuclear power in the U.S. was to be enabled by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and co-ordinated by the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, but many license applications filed with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for proposed new reactors have been suspended or cancelled. As of October 2011, plans for about","title":"Nuclear energy policy by country"},{"id":"9883986","text":"of the Soviet Union. This reduction of nuclear weapons was characterized such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) and the START I (1991). After the Cold War, dramatic changes of the nuclear affairs of the United States are small. Nuclear equipments whether civilian or military are the same scale as the 1980s. Nuclear safety and security in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval","title":"Nuclear history of the United States"},{"id":"7357243","text":"of 15 kilotons; and a plutonium implosion-type bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, with a blast yield of 21 kilotons. In the years following World War II, eight countries have conducted nuclear tests with 2475 devices fired in 2120 tests. In 1963, the United States, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in outer space. The treaty permitted underground tests. Many other non-nuclear nations acceded to the Treaty following its entry into force; however, two nuclear weapons states have not acceded:","title":"Nuclear explosion"},{"id":"296319","text":"its reliance on nuclear weapons. U.S. officials have also pointed out the ongoing U.S. work to dismantle nuclear warheads. When current accelerated dismantlement efforts ordered by President George W. Bush have been completed, the U.S. arsenal will be less than a quarter of its size at the end of the Cold War, and smaller than it has been at any point since the Eisenhower administration, well before the drafting of the NPT. The United States has also purchased many thousands of weapons' worth of uranium formerly in Soviet nuclear weapons for conversion into reactor fuel. As a consequence of this","title":"Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons"},{"id":"289359","text":"an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy. Nuclear weapons have been used twice in war, both times by the United States against Japan near the end of World War II. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a uranium gun-type fission bomb nicknamed \"Little Boy\" over the Japanese city of Hiroshima; three days later, on August 9, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a plutonium implosion-type fission bomb nicknamed \"Fat Man\" over the Japanese city of Nagasaki.","title":"Nuclear weapon"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"5304988\",\n \"text\": \"the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1,110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground. After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, all testing was relegated underground, in order to\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305001\",\n \"text\": \"was already accomplished by January 2008. Between 16 July 1945 and 23 September 1992, the United States maintained a program of vigorous nuclear testing, with the exception of a moratorium between November 1958 and September 1961. By official count, a total of 1,054 nuclear tests and two nuclear attacks were conducted, with over 100 of them taking place at sites in the Pacific Ocean, over 900 of them at the Nevada Test Site, and ten on miscellaneous sites in the United States (Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico). Until November 1962, the vast majority of the U.S. tests were atmospheric\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5304987\",\n \"text\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before and during the Cold War, it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems. Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. government spent at least $ in present-day terms on nuclear weapons, including platforms development (aircraft, rockets and facilities), command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945,\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1820461\",\n \"text\": \"restricted deployment of these systems until, after the fall of the Soviet Union, system development essentially halted, and many weapons were disabled and destroyed. On January 27, 1967, more than 60 nations signed the Outer Space Treaty, banning nuclear weapons in space. There have been a number of potential nuclear disasters. Following air accidents U.S. nuclear weapons have been lost near Atlantic City, New Jersey (1957); Savannah, Georgia (1958) (see Tybee Bomb); Goldsboro, North Carolina (1961); off the coast of Okinawa (1965); in the sea near Palomares, Spain (1966) (see 1966 Palomares B-52 crash); and near Thule, Greenland (1968) (see\",\n \"title\": \"History of nuclear weapons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883992\",\n \"text\": \"rockets and facilities), command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945, the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has built approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built less than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were aboveground. After\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2357293\",\n \"text\": \"of vigorous nuclear testing, with the exception of a moratorium between November 1958 and September 1961. By official count, a total of 1,054 nuclear tests and two nuclear attacks were conducted, with over 100 of them taking place at sites in the Pacific Ocean, over 900 of them at the Nevada Test Site, and ten on miscellaneous sites in the United States (Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico). Until November 1962, the vast majority of the U.S. tests were atmospheric (that is, above-ground); after the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty all testing was regulated underground, in order to\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305039\",\n \"text\": \"US has an estimated 4,018 nuclear weapons in either deployment or storage. This figure compares to a peak of 31,225 total warheads in 1967 and 22,217 in 1989, and does not include \\\"several thousand\\\" warheads that have been retired and scheduled for dismantlement. The Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas, is the only location in the United States where weapons from the aging nuclear arsenal can be refurbished or dismantled. In 2009 and 2010, the administration of President Barack Obama declared policies that would invalidate the Bush-era policy for use of nuclear weapons and its motions to develop new ones. First,\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959298\",\n \"text\": \"program.1054 tests were conducted between 1945 and 1992. The exact number of nuclear devices detonated is unclear because some tests involved multiple devices while a few failed to explode or were designed not to create a nuclear explosion. The last nuclear test by the United States was on September 23, 1992; the U.S. has signed but not ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Currently, the United States nuclear arsenal is deployed in three areas: The United States is one of the five \\\"Nuclear Weapons States\\\" under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which the U.S. ratified in 1968. On\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959299\",\n \"text\": \"October 13, 1999, the U.S. Senate rejected ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, having previously ratified the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963. The U.S. has not, however, tested a nuclear weapon since 1992, though it has tested many non-nuclear components and has developed powerful supercomputers in an attempt to duplicate the knowledge gained from testing without conducting the actual tests themselves. In the early 1990s, the U.S. stopped developing new nuclear weapons and now devotes most of its nuclear efforts into stockpile stewardship, maintaining and dismantling its now-aging arsenal. The administration of George W. Bush decided in 2003\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959296\",\n \"text\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction The United States is known to have possessed three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, and biological weapons. The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons in combat, when it detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. It had secretly developed the earliest form of the atomic weapon during the 1940s under the title \\\"Manhattan Project\\\". The United States pioneered the development of both the nuclear fission and hydrogen bombs (the latter involving nuclear fusion). It was\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5304990\",\n \"text\": \"4,018 are part of the U.S. stockpile. Of the stockpiled warheads, the U.S. stated in its April 2017 New START declaration that 1,411 are deployed on 673 ICBMs, SLBMs, and strategic bombers. The United States first began developing nuclear weapons during World War II under the order of President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939, motivated by the fear that they were engaged in a race with Nazi Germany to develop such a weapon. After a slow start under the direction of the National Bureau of Standards, at the urging of British scientists and American administrators, the program was put under the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5304994\",\n \"text\": \"TNT, destroying 60% of the city and killing approximately 35,000 people, among them 23,200–28,200 Japanese munitions workers, 2,000 Korean slave laborers, and 150 Japanese combatants. On January 1, 1947, the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (known as the McMahon Act) took effect, and the Manhattan Project was officially turned over to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. On August 15, 1947, the Manhattan District was abolished. Between 1945 and 1990, more than 70,000 total warheads were developed, in over 65 different varieties, ranging in yield from around .01 kilotons (such as the man-portable Davy Crockett shell) to the 25 megaton\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5304989\",\n \"text\": \"prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. By February 2006 over $1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, and by 1998 at least $759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing. The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads; together, these two nations possess more than 90% of the world's nuclear warheads. As of 2017, the U.S. has an inventory of 6,800 nuclear warheads; of these, 2,800 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12021983\",\n \"text\": \"to retaliate accordingly. In early June 2015, the U.S. State Department reported that Russia had failed to correct the violation of the I.N.F. Treaty; the U.S. government was said to have made no discernible headway in making Russia so much as acknowledge the compliance problem. The US government's October 2014 report claimed that Russia had 1,643 nuclear warheads ready to launch (an increase from 1,537 in 2011) – one more than the US, thus overtaking the US for the first time since 2000; both countries' deployed capacity being in violation of the 2010 New START treaty that sets a cap\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188792\",\n \"text\": \"253 originally ordered), 21% were permanently and prematurely closed due to reliability or cost problems, while another 27% have completely failed for a year or more at least once. The surviving U.S. nuclear plants produce ~90% of their full-time full-load potential, but even they are not fully dependable. Even reliably operating nuclear plants must shut down, on average, for 39 days every 17 months for refueling and maintenance, and unexpected failures do occur too. A cover story in the February 11, 1985, issue of \\\"Forbes magazine\\\" commented on the overall management of the nuclear power program in the United States:\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"289360\",\n \"text\": \"These bombings caused injuries that resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 civilians and military personnel. The ethics of these bombings and their role in Japan's surrender are subjects of debate. Since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear weapons have been detonated over two thousand times for testing and demonstration. Only a few nations possess such weapons or are suspected of seeking them. The only countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons—and acknowledge possessing them—are (chronologically by date of first test) the United States, the Soviet Union (succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia), the United Kingdom, France,\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677669\",\n \"text\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy accidents, there have been at least 56 accidents at nuclear reactors in the United States (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage). The most serious of these was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant has been the source of two of the top five most\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1820462\",\n \"text\": \"1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash). Most of the lost weapons were recovered, the Spanish device after three months' effort by the DSV Alvin and DSV Aluminaut. The Soviet Union was less forthcoming about such incidents, but the environmental group Greenpeace believes that there are around forty non-U.S. nuclear devices that have been lost and not recovered, compared to eleven lost by America, mostly in submarine disasters. The U.S. has tried to recover Soviet devices, notably in the 1974 Project Azorian using the specialist salvage vessel \\\"Hughes Glomar Explorer\\\" to raise a Soviet submarine. After news leaked out about this\",\n \"title\": \"History of nuclear weapons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959301\",\n \"text\": \"2003, the U.S. rejected Russian proposals to further reduce both nation's nuclear stockpiles to 1,500 each. In 2007, for the first time in 15 years, the United States built new warheads. These replaced some older warheads as part of the Minuteman III upgrade program. 2007 also saw the first Minuteman III missiles removed from service as part of the drawdown. Overall, stockpiles and deployment systems continue to decline in number under the terms of the New START treaty. In 2014, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists released a report, stating that there are a total of 2,530 warheads kept in reserve,\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305027\",\n \"text\": \"soil, during the Cold War, the United States also stationed nuclear weapons in 27 foreign countries and territories, including Okinawa (which was US-controlled until 1971,) Japan (during the occupation immediately following World War II), Greenland, Germany, Taiwan, and French Morocco then independent Morocco. Early on in the development of its nuclear weapons, the United States relied in part on information-sharing with both the United Kingdom and Canada, as codified in the Quebec Agreement of 1943. These three parties agreed not to share nuclear weapons information with other countries without the consent of the others, an early attempt at nonproliferation. After\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305017\",\n \"text\": \"cleanup endeavors. Eleven American nuclear warheads are thought to be lost and unrecovered, primarily in submarine accidents. The nuclear testing program resulted in a number of cases of fallout dispersion onto populated areas. The most significant of these was the Castle Bravo test, which spread radioactive ash over an area of over , including a number of populated islands. The populations of the islands were evacuated but not before suffering radiation burns. They would later suffer long-term effects, such as birth defects and increased cancer risk. There were also instances during the nuclear testing program in which soldiers were exposed\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411361\",\n \"text\": \"400 bombs. The American monopoly on nuclear weapons lasted only four years before the Soviet Union detonated an atomic bomb in September 1949. The United States responded with the development of the hydrogen bomb, a nuclear weapon a thousand times as powerful as the bombs that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Such ordinary fission bombs would henceforth be regarded as small tactical nuclear weapons. By 1986, the United States would have 23,317 nuclear weapons, while the Soviet Union had 40,159. By 2017, nine nations had nuclear weapons, but Japan was not one of them. Japan reluctantly signed the Treaty on the\",\n \"title\": \"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677670\",\n \"text\": \"dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. Relatively few accidents have involved fatalities. Globally, there have been at least 99 (civilian and military) recorded nuclear reactor accidents from 1952 to 2009 (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage, the amount the US federal government uses to define major energy accidents that must be reported), totaling US$20.5 billion in property damages. The accidents involved meltdowns, explosions, fires, and loss of coolant, and occurred during both normal operation and extreme emergency conditions (such as droughts and earthquakes). Property\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411228\",\n \"text\": \"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion\",\n \"title\": \"Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2194821\",\n \"text\": \"(or cold) tests are any type of tests involving nuclear materials and possibly high-explosives (like those mentioned above) that purposely result in no yield. The name refers to the lack of creation of a critical mass of fissile material. They are the only type of tests allowed under the interpretation of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty tacitly agreed to by the major atomic powers. Sub-critical tests continue to be performed by the United States, Russia, and the People's Republic of China, at least. Subcritical test executed by the United States include: There have also been simulations of the effects of nuclear\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons testing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959297\",\n \"text\": \"the world's first and only nuclear power for four years (1945–1949), until the Soviet Union managed to produce its own nuclear weapon. The United States has the second largest number of deployed nuclear weapons in the world, after Russia. Nuclear weapons have been used twice in combat: two nuclear weapons were used by the United States against Japan during World War II in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Altogether, the two bombings killed 120,000 people and injured another 130,000 while devastating hundreds or thousands of military bases, factories, and cottage industries. The U.S. conducted an extensive nuclear testing\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305016\",\n \"text\": \"the United States include incidents near Atlantic City, New Jersey (1957), Savannah, Georgia (1958) (see Tybee Bomb), Goldsboro, North Carolina (1961) (see 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash), off the coast of Okinawa (1965), in the sea near Palomares, Spain (1966, see 1966 Palomares B-52 crash), and near Thule Air Base, Greenland (1968) (see 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash). In some of these cases (such as Palomares), the explosive system of the fission weapon discharged, but did not trigger a nuclear chain reaction (safety features prevent this from easily happening), but did disperse hazardous nuclear materials across wide areas, necessitating expensive\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305000\",\n \"text\": \"unabated. Even today, as pollution threats to health and the environment persist, the government keeps knowledge about the associated risks from the public. During the presidency of George W. Bush, and especially after the 11 September terrorist attacks of 2001, rumors have circulated in major news sources that the U.S. has been considering design of new nuclear weapons (\\\"bunker-busting nukes\\\"), and the resumption of nuclear testing for reasons of stockpile stewardship. Statements by the U.S. government in 2004, however, indicated that the arsenal will drop to around 5,500 total warheads by 2012. According to recent reports, much of that reduction\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677671\",\n \"text\": \"damage costs include destruction of property, emergency response, environmental remediation, evacuation, lost product, fines, and court claims. Because nuclear reactors are large and complex, accidents onsite tend to be relatively expensive. In the U.S., at least 56 nuclear reactor accidents have occurred. The most serious of these U.S. accidents was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979. The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5551948\",\n \"text\": \"United States has conducted 1,054 nuclear weapons tests to date, involving at least 1,151 nuclear devices, most of which occurred at Nevada Test Site and the Pacific Proving Grounds in the Marshall Islands, with ten other tests taking place at various locations in the United States, including Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi, and New Mexico. There have been an estimated 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide; the number of nuclear tests conducted by the United States alone is currently more than the sum of nuclear testing done by all other known nuclear states (the USSR, Great Britain, France, China, India, Pakistan, and North\",\n \"title\": \"Downwinders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677681\",\n \"text\": \"will take up to five years to fully implement. Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy accidents, there have been at least 56 accidents at nuclear reactors in the United States (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$50,000 of property damage). The most serious of these was the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant has been\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305002\",\n \"text\": \"(that is, above-ground); after the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty all testing was relegated underground, in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. The U.S. program of atmospheric nuclear testing exposed a number of the population to the hazards of fallout. Estimating exact numbers, and the exact consequences, of people exposed has been medically very difficult, with the exception of the high exposures of Marshall Islanders and Japanese fishers in the case of the Castle Bravo incident in 1954. A number of groups of U.S. citizens—especially farmers and inhabitants of cities downwind of the Nevada Test Site\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"442288\",\n \"text\": \"400 nuclear-powered submarines operational or being built. Some 250 of these submarines have now been scrapped and some on order canceled, due to weapons reduction programs. The Russian Navy and United States Navy had over one hundred each, with the United Kingdom and France less than twenty each and China six. The total today is about 160. The United States is the main navy with nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (10), while Russia has nuclear-powered cruisers. Russia has eight nuclear icebreakers in service or building. Since its inception in 1948, the U.S. Navy nuclear program has developed 27 different plant designs, installed\",\n \"title\": \"United States naval reactors\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883993\",\n \"text\": \"the acceptance of the Partial Test Ban Treaty, all testing was regulated underground, in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout. As of February 2006, over $1.2 billion in compensation was paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, and by 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing. In 2010, the United States maintained an arsenal of 5,113 warheads and facilities for their construction and design, though many of the Cold War facilities have since been deactivated\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883994\",\n \"text\": \"and are sites for environmental remediation. On December 5, 2012, the National Nuclear Security Administration announced that the U.S. conducted its 27th subcritical underground nuclear test since 1992, when the U.S. ended test nuclear explosions. Nuclear history of the United States Nuclear history of the United States describes the history of nuclear affairs in the United States whether civilian or military. The pre-Hiroshima nuclear history of the United States began with the Manhattan Project. This Manhattan Project was the nuclear program for warfare. Even before the first nuclear weapons had been developed, scientists involved with the Manhattan Project were divided\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959300\",\n \"text\": \"to engage in research towards a new generation of small nuclear weapons, especially \\\"earth penetrators\\\". The budget passed by the United States Congress in 2004 eliminated funding for some of this research including the \\\"bunker-busting or earth-penetrating\\\" weapons. The exact number of nuclear weapons possessed by the United States is difficult to determine. Different treaties and organizations have different criteria for reporting nuclear weapons, especially those held in reserve, and those being dismantled or rebuilt: In 2002, the United States and Russia agreed in the SORT treaty to reduce their deployed stockpiles to not more than 2,200 warheads each. In\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12440877\",\n \"text\": \"occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power plant accidents include the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), Chernobyl disaster (1986), Three Mile Island accident (1979), and the SL-1 accident (1961). Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and the K-431 reactor accident (1985). The effect of nuclear accidents has been a topic of debate practically since the first nuclear reactors were constructed. It has also been a key factor in public concern about nuclear facilities. Some technical measures\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power debate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188791\",\n \"text\": \"reliability of nuclear power in the United States: Of the 253 nuclear power reactors originally ordered in the United States from 1953 to 2008, 48 percent were canceled, 11 percent were prematurely shut down, 14 percent experienced at least a one-year-or-more outage, and 27 percent are operating without having a year-plus outage. Thus, only about one fourth of those ordered, or about half of those completed, are still operating and have proved relatively reliable. Amory Lovins has also commented on the historical record of nuclear power in the United States: Of all 132 U.S. nuclear plants built (52% of the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2357283\",\n \"text\": \"were constructed in 1954, and has been a key factor in public concern about nuclear facilities. Technical measures to reduce the risk of accidents or to minimize the amount of radioactivity released to the environment have been adopted, however human error remains, and \\\"there have been many accidents with varying impacts as well near misses and incidents\\\". As of 2014, there have been more than 100 serious nuclear accidents and incidents from the use of nuclear power. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and about 60% of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883991\",\n \"text\": \"because of the Fukushima storage pool experience\\\". In October 2011, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission instructed agency staff to move forward with seven of the 12 safety recommendations put forward by the federal task force in July. The recommendations include \\\"new standards aimed at strengthening operators’ ability to deal with a complete loss of power, ensuring plants can withstand floods and earthquakes and improving emergency response capabilities\\\". The new safety standards will take up to five years to fully implement. Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. spent at least $ in present-day terms on nuclear weapons development, including platforms development (aircraft,\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10055573\",\n \"text\": \"within acceptable safety guidelines. In 2006, it said: \\\"Since 2001, the ROP has resulted in more than 4,000 inspection findings concerning nuclear power plant licensees’ failure to fully comply with NRC regulations and industry standards for safe plant operation, and NRC has subjected more than 7.5 percent (79) of the 103 operating plants to increased oversight for varying periods\\\". Seventy-one percent of all recorded major nuclear accidents, including meltdowns, explosions, fires, and loss of coolants, occurred in the United States, and they happened during both normal operations as well as emergency situations such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes. Experts have\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7255950\",\n \"text\": \"end of the Cold War, but the decades of manufacturing left behind of high-level radioactive waste, an additional of solid radioactive waste, of contaminated groundwater beneath the site and occasional discoveries of undocumented contaminations that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup. The Hanford site represents two-thirds of the nation's high-level radioactive waste by volume. Today, Hanford is the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States and is the focus of the nation's largest environmental cleanup. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine.\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety and security\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5304993\",\n \"text\": \"1 November 1945 and with Japan not surrendering, President Harry S. Truman ordered the atomic raids on Japan. On 6 August 1945, the U.S. detonated a uranium-gun design bomb, Little Boy, over the Japanese city of Hiroshima with an energy of about 15 kilotons of TNT, killing approximately 70,000 people, among them 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers, and destroying nearly 50,000 buildings (including the 2nd General Army and Fifth Division headquarters). Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. attacked Nagasaki using a plutonium implosion-design bomb, Fat Man, with the explosion equivalent to about 20 kilotons of\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305015\",\n \"text\": \"later, so pilots or individual submarine commanders had the power, but not the authority, to launch nuclear weapons entirely on their own. The United States nuclear program since its inception has experienced accidents of varying forms, ranging from single-casualty research experiments (such as that of Louis Slotin during the Manhattan Project), to the nuclear fallout dispersion of the Castle Bravo shot in 1954, to the accidental dropping of nuclear weapons from aircraft (broken arrows). How close any of these accidents came to being major nuclear disasters is a matter of technical and scholarly debate and interpretation. Weapons accidentally dropped by\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677677\",\n \"text\": \"improvements on a reluctant industry, but it also increased opposition to nuclear power. The accident triggered protests around the world. Nuclear safety in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry, the 1976 testimonials\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5767806\",\n \"text\": \"Nuclear power phase-out A nuclear power phase-out is the discontinuation of usage of nuclear power for energy production. Often initiated because of concerns about nuclear power, phase-outs usually include shutting down nuclear power plants and looking towards fossil fuels and renewable energy. Three nuclear accidents have influenced the discontinuation of nuclear power: the 1979 Three Mile Island partial nuclear meltdown in the United States, the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in the USSR, and the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. As of 2018, Italy is the only country that operated nuclear reactors but has since phased out nuclear power completely. Following\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power phase-out\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12676921\",\n \"text\": \"compared with £1,200,000 for the Mark 1 with Green Grass. When the Cold War ended in 1991, there were more than 500 US nuclear weapons in the UK. Of these, about 400 were bombs, 48 were Ground Launched Cruise Missiles, and approximately 100 were B57 nuclear depth bombs. The BAOR still had about 85 Lance missiles, and more than 70 W33 eight-inch and W48 155 mm nuclear artillery shells. The cruise missiles were withdrawn in 1991 under the terms of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The United States then decided to withdraw its short-range nuclear weapons. The last US\",\n \"title\": \"Project E\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"638682\",\n \"text\": \"governed by several international conventions and treaties, although not all countries have signed and ratified them: The only country to have used a nuclear weapon in war is the United States, which dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. There are eight countries that have declared they possess nuclear weapons and are known to have tested a nuclear weapon, only five of which are members of the NPT. The eight are China, France, India, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Israel is considered by most analysts\",\n \"title\": \"Weapon of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2194830\",\n \"text\": \"test data. There have been many attempts to limit the number and size of nuclear tests; the most far-reaching is the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty of 1996, which has not, , been ratified by eight of the \\\"Annex 2 countries\\\" required for it to take effect, including the United States. Nuclear testing has since become a controversial issue in the United States, with a number of politicians saying that future testing might be necessary to maintain the aging warheads from the Cold War. Because nuclear testing is seen as furthering nuclear arms development, many are opposed to future testing as\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons testing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5635896\",\n \"text\": \"British submarines. Extensions to the service lives for 800 of the warheads was approved by the US government in 2000, then later increased to 2,000. The project is scheduled for completion in 2018. The warhead is currently the most numerous weapon in the US nuclear arsenal, having replaced the Poseidon SLBM warhead, the W68, in that capacity. W76 The W76 is a United States thermonuclear warhead. It was manufactured from 1978-1987, and is still in service . The W-76 is carried inside a Mk-4 re-entry vehicle. U.S. Trident I and Trident II SLBM/Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles may carry W76 warheads\",\n \"title\": \"W76\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10055567\",\n \"text\": \"that slow the pace and raise the cost of cleanup. The Hanford site represents two-thirds of the nation's high-level radioactive waste by volume. Today, Hanford is the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States and is the focus of the nation's largest environmental cleanup. The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown on January 3, 1961, killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal of the central control rod, responsible for absorbing neutrons in the reactor core. The event is\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188803\",\n \"text\": \"number of power plants was at 100 with 4 under construction. Following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has announced it will launch a comprehensive safety review of the 104 nuclear power reactors across the United States, at the request of President Obama. A total of 45 groups and individuals had formally asked the NRC to suspend all licensing and other activities at 21 proposed nuclear reactor projects in 15 states until the NRC had completed a thorough post-Fukushima reactor crisis examination. The petitioners also asked the NRC to supplement its own investigation by establishing an\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2959302\",\n \"text\": \"and 2,120 actively deployed. Of the warheads actively deployed, the number of strategic warheads rests at 1,920 (subtracting 200 tactical B61s as part of Nato nuclear weapon sharing arrangements). The amount of warheads being actively disabled rests at about 2,700 warheads, which brings the total United States inventory to about 7,400 warheads. The U.S. Air Force currently operates 400 Minuteman III ICBMs, located primarily in the northern Rocky Mountain states and the Dakotas. Peacekeeper missiles were phased out of the Air Force inventory in 2005. All USAF Minuteman II missiles were destroyed in accordance with the START treaty and their\",\n \"title\": \"United States and weapons of mass destruction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15487313\",\n \"text\": \"energy industry more strictly than most other industries. The NRC and the Department of Energy (DOE), work together to insure plant safety, building and operational permits, movement and storage of nuclear waste, management of weapons-grade byproducts of plants, radiation protection, and loan guarantees. The United States has more active nuclear power plants than any other country in the world, with 104 plants out of the total 441 active sites and another 62 under construction worldwide. This is nearly twice as many sites as the next two countries, France (58) and Japan (55), combined. Construction of U.S. nuclear facilities peaked between\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear energy policy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358448\",\n \"text\": \"Treaty set into place in 2010, the United States continued reducing its numbers of warheads and delivery systems with a focus on modernizing and updating its most effective platforms. The United States has released a plan to complete its downsizing efforts in 2018, reducing its 2010 numbers of 880 delivery vehicles and 2,152 warheads to 800 delivery vehicles and 1,550 warheads. In their release of the 2017 NPR, the Trump Administration made clear that the United States supports global nuclear weapons elimination. President Donald Trump also stated his intent to keep the US safe, as well as allies and partners.\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15487353\",\n \"text\": \"both in the United States and worldwide, soured significantly after several nuclear-related incidents. According to Benjamin K. Sovacool, writer and professor at Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and a leading environmental researcher in nuclear energy policy, in the United States alone, there were over 52 different incidents from 1959–2010, ranging from leaks, cooling rod malfunctions, explosions, cracks in the core, electrocutions, core overheating and other issues. These incidents led to the deaths of seven individuals and to costs estimated at $8.56 billion (inflation adjusted to 2006). One of the largest accidents was the Three Mile Island incident\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear energy policy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883989\",\n \"text\": \"Davis-Besse reactor found a large rust hole in the top of the reactor pressure vessel. Recent concerns have been expressed about safety issues affecting a large part of the nuclear fleet of reactors. In 2012, the Union of Concerned Scientists, which tracks ongoing safety issues at operating nuclear plants, found that \\\"leakage of radioactive materials is a pervasive problem at almost 90 percent of all reactors, as are issues that pose a risk of nuclear accidents\\\". Following the Japanese 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, according to Black & Veatch’s annual utility survey that took place after the disaster, of the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358451\",\n \"text\": \"variants were eliminated to allow for the United States to honor the reduction requirements set forth by the New START Treaty. By February 2015, the United States Air Force had deactivated all missiles of this type and filled the silos containing them with gravel. The U.S. Minuteman III ICBMs are spread between three Air Force bases which are Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming, Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana, and Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota with each of these bases in possession of 150 missiles. Multiple programs have been put into place and are currently\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16215150\",\n \"text\": \"favor eliminating all nuclear weapons, 59 percent support removing all nuclear weapons from high alert, and 53 percent support cutting the Russian and U.S. nuclear arsenals to 400 nuclear weapons each. In the United States, 73 percent of the public favors eliminating all nuclear weapons, 64 percent support removing all nuclear weapons from high alert, and 59 percent support reducing Russian and U.S. nuclear arsenals to 400 weapons each. Eighty percent of Russians and Americans want their countries to participate in the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. According to a 2010 Soka Gakkai International survey of youth attitudes in Japan, Korea,\",\n \"title\": \"Public opinion on nuclear issues\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305034\",\n \"text\": \"stockpiled (later, stockpiles of previously undeclared nerve agent and mustard gas shells were located in Iraq), and the Bush administration said that its policies on proliferation were responsible for the Libyan government's agreement to abandon its nuclear ambitions. The United States is one of the five nuclear weapons states with a declared nuclear arsenal under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), of which it was an original drafter and signatory on 1 July 1968 (ratified 5 March 1970). All signatories of the NPT agreed to refrain from aiding in nuclear weapons proliferation to other states. Further under\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3672505\",\n \"text\": \"The United States Navy has by far the most nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, with ten Nimitz-class carriers and one Gerald R. Ford-class carrier in service. The last conventionally-powered aircraft carrier left the U.S. fleet as of 12 May 2009, when the USS \\\"Kitty Hawk\\\" (CV-63) was deactivated. France's latest aircraft carrier, the \\\"R91 Charles de Gaulle\\\", is nuclear-powered. The United Kingdom rejected nuclear power early in the development of its \\\"Queen Elizabeth\\\"-class aircraft carriers on cost grounds, as even several decades of fuel use costs less than a nuclear reactor. Since 1949 the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear navy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14677676\",\n \"text\": \"agencies at the local, state and federal levels tried to solve the problem and decide whether the ongoing accident required an emergency evacuation, and to what extent. Cleanup started in August 1979 and officially ended in December 1993, with a total cleanup cost of about $1 billion. In his 2007 preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, Benjamin K. Sovacool, estimated that the TMI accident caused a total of $2.4 billion in property damages. The health effects of the Three Mile Island accident are widely, but not universally, agreed to be very low level. The TMI accident forced regulatory and operational\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2194823\",\n \"text\": \"explosion's effects, it did not give an appreciable understanding of nuclear fallout, which was not well understood by the project scientists until well after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States conducted six atomic tests before the Soviet Union developed their first atomic bomb (RDS-1) and tested it on August 29, 1949. Neither country had very many atomic weapons to spare at first, and so testing was relatively infrequent (when the U.S. used two weapons for \\\"Operation Crossroads\\\" in 1946, they were detonating over 20% of their current arsenal). However, by the 1950s the United States had\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons testing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188774\",\n \"text\": \"to be decommissioned, on October 24, 2016. Another five aging reactors were permanently closed in 2013 and 2014 before their licenses expired because of high maintenance and repair costs at a time when natural gas prices have fallen: San Onofre 2 and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, Vermont Yankee in Vermont, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin, and New York State is seeking to close Indian Point in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City. Most reactors began construction by 1974; following the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and changing economics, many planned projects were canceled. More than\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2194828\",\n \"text\": \"roughly 86% of all nuclear tests, their compliance cut the overall level substantially. France continued atmospheric testing until 1974, and China until 1980. A tacit moratorium on testing was in effect from 1958 to 1961, and ended with a series of Soviet tests in late 1961, including the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested. The United States responded in 1962 with Operation Dominic, involving dozens of tests, including the explosion of a missile launched from a submarine. Almost all new nuclear powers have announced their possession of nuclear weapons with a nuclear test. The only acknowledged nuclear power\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons testing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3979245\",\n \"text\": \"Russian Duma. The replacement 2002 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty delayed reductions to 2012, with a limit of 2,200 operationally deployed warheads. The New START treaty signed in 2010 commits to lowering that limit to 1,550 warheads, and was ratified by the Russian Duma on 26 January 2011. Enduring Stockpile The Enduring Stockpile is the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons following the end of the Cold War. During the Cold War the United States produced over 70,000 nuclear weapons. By its end, the U.S. stockpile was about 23,000 weapons of 26 different types. The production of nuclear weapons ended in\",\n \"title\": \"Enduring Stockpile\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2952647\",\n \"text\": \"document \\\"Essentials of Post–Cold War Deterrence\\\", produced by the Policy Subcommittee of the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) of the United States Strategic Command. On April 8, 2010, former U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed the New START Treaty, which called for a fifty percent reduction of strategic nuclear missile launchers and a curtailment of deployed nuclear warheads. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty in December 2010 by a three-quarter majority. On December 22, 2016, U.S. President Donald Trump proclaimed in a tweet that \\\"the United States must greatly strengthen and expand its nuclear capability until such\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear arms race\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188772\",\n \"text\": \"Nuclear power in the United States Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 99 commercial reactors with a net capacity of 100,350 megawatts (MW), 65 pressurized water reactors and 34 boiling water reactors. In 2016 they produced a total of 805.3 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 19.7% of the nation's total electric energy generation. In 2016, nuclear energy comprised nearly 60 percent of U.S. emission-free generation. , there are two new reactors under construction with a gross electrical capacity of 2,500 MW, while 34 reactors have been permanently shut down. The United States is the world's largest\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20413761\",\n \"text\": \"It has effectively ceased functioning around 2011, having run out of funds a few years earlier, with the United States government, which originally funded it, declining to provide it with additional resources. From June 30, 1946, to August 18, 1958, the United States detonated sixty-seven nuclear bombs with a total yield of on the Bikini and Enewet atolls of the Marshall Islands, resulting in significant damage to the atolls and nearby areas. From 1981, several cases were brought by Marshall Island inhabitants in front of the United States Court of Claims. Following the signing of the Compact of Free Association\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear Claims Tribunal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305044\",\n \"text\": \"in various op-ed columns have proposed an ambitious program of urgent steps to that end. The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this agenda. Organizations such as Global Zero, an international non-partisan group of 300 world leaders dedicated to achieving nuclear disarmament, have also been established. Operational American strategic nuclear forces, July 1, 2016 Notes: Sources Nuclear weapons of the United States The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5305038\",\n \"text\": \"31 July 2001. The program provides compensation and health benefits to Department of Energy nuclear weapons workers (employees, former employees, contractors and subcontractors) as well as compensation to certain survivors if the worker is already deceased. By 14 August 2010, the program had already identified 45,799 civilians who lost their health (including 18,942 who developed cancer) due to exposure to radiation and toxic substances while producing nuclear weapons for the United States. The United States is one of the five recognized nuclear powers by the signatories of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). As of 2017, the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapons of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10055579\",\n \"text\": \"seen as providing industry protection rather than defending the safety of the public. Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the United States except for nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry and the 1976\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10055539\",\n \"text\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the United States except for nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels. The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at Browns Ferry and the 1976 testimonials of three concerned GE nuclear engineers, the GE Three. In 1981, workers\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358450\",\n \"text\": \"light aircraft. These smaller bombs also yield smaller payloads due to their decreased size. The B61-11 is a more hardened bomb that can be used to destroy hardened targets such as bunkers, however it is unlikely that it can penetrate steel or concrete. The B83 is currently the largest bomb in the US arsenal. The US plans to retire it by the year 2025 after the new B61 LEP is completed. The United States continues to operate its Minuteman III ICBMs (three warheads each) from underground hardened silos under the command of U.S. Air Force Global Strike Command. The Peacekeeper\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358449\",\n \"text\": \"Until a time where nuclear weapons are not longer needed, the Trump Administration has also stated its intent to maintain a \\\"modern, flexible, and resilient\\\" nuclear armada. Since the height of the Cold War, the US's nuclear armada has been reduced by over 85 percent. The Trump Administration acknowledges it faces a \\\"more diverse and advanced nuclear-threat environment than ever before.\\\" It is estimated that the US currently has around 475 B-61 and B-83 bombs. The B61-7 is carried by the B-2, whereas the B61-3, 4, and 10 are lighter and can be carried by the F-16, F-35, and other\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17074304\",\n \"text\": \"in 2017. Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country This article shows various estimates of the nuclear weapons stockpiles of various countries at various points in time. This article also shows the number of nuclear weapons tests conducted by each country at various points in time. The United States nuclear stockpile increased rapidly from 1945, peaked in 1966, and declined after that. By 2012, the United States had several times fewer nuclear weapons than it had in 1966. The Soviet Union developed its first nuclear weapon in 1949 and increased its nuclear stockpile rapidly until it peaked in\",\n \"title\": \"Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles and nuclear tests by country\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188850\",\n \"text\": \"nuclear power in the US, spurred by anticipated government curbs on carbon emissions, and a belief that fossil fuels would become more costly. Ultimately however, as of 2018 following Westinhouse's Chapter 11 bankruptcy, only two new nuclear reactors are under construction in the U.S., at Vogtle. In addition Watts Bar unit 2, whose construction was started in 1973 but suspended in the 1980s, was completed and commissioned in 2016. The federal government encouraged development of nuclear power through the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, which coordinates efforts for building new nuclear power plants, and the Energy Policy Act which has provisions\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10581381\",\n \"text\": \"24 were deployed as part of the \\\"Emergency Capability\\\" program. The MK 17/24 bombs were long, diameter. They weighed 21 tons. The Mark 17 had a yield of . Total production of Mk 17s was 200, and there were 105 Mk 24s produced, all between October 1954 and November 1955. The Mark 17 and Mark 24 were identical in all respects save for the design of their primary section. They were the largest nuclear weapons ever put into service by the United States; only the Convair B-36 Peacemaker was capable of carrying them. A total of five EC 17 and\",\n \"title\": \"Mark 17 nuclear bomb\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358444\",\n \"text\": \"of almost 5,000 available weapons. The pinnacle of the 1990s in terms of global nuclear policy was the START Treaty in 1991 and the START II Treaty in 1993. These treaties called for the reduction of nuclear warheads and delivery systems within both the Soviet Union and the United States. Specifically, the U.S. was limited to 6,000 total warheads, 4,900 warheads on ballistic missiles, and 1,600 delivery vehicles. Consequentially, the United States began reducing both its warhead and delivery vehicle counts during this time. By the time they had completed the implementation of the START Treaty in 2001, the total\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10055572\",\n \"text\": \"The World Nuclear Association has stated that cleanup of the damaged nuclear reactor system at TMI-2 took nearly 12 years and cost approximately US $973 million. Benjamin K. Sovacool, in his 2007 preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, estimated that the TMI accident caused a total of $2.4 billion in property damages. The health effects of the Three Mile Island accident are widely, but not universally, agreed to be very low level. The accident triggered protests around the world. The United States Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 alone of nuclear plants not performing\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear safety in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188817\",\n \"text\": \"problem at almost 90 percent of all reactors, as are issues that pose a risk of nuclear accidents\\\". The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission reports that radioactive tritium has leaked from 48 of the 65 nuclear sites in the United States. Following the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, according to Black & Veatch’s annual utility survey that took place after the disaster, of the 700 executives from the US electric utility industry that were surveyed, nuclear safety was the top concern. There are likely to be increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats at nuclear power\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358453\",\n \"text\": \"leg of the United States' nuclear triad is still going strong. Currently, the SSBN fleet consists of 14 \\\"Ohio\\\"-class submarines each capable of carrying 24 Trident II missiles. These ballistic missile submarines are based out of Kings Bay, Georgia, and Bangor, Washington. The New START Treaty has led the United States to begin reducing the number of missiles carried on each submarine from 24 to 20 and these reductions will be reached before the end of 2018. In the early 2000s, the United States possessed 18 \\\"Ohio\\\"-class submarines. Following START Treaty protocol, the United States enacted various programs to reach\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20059481\",\n \"text\": \"1976. Kristensen writes that the DOD withdrawal of forward-deployed weapons was 'not simply' due to the sovereignty-return negotiations. After reversion, the nuclear alert role on Okinawa increased and command and control aircraft continued to operate from the island. The U.S. continues to follow the policy of \\\"neither confirm nor deny\\\" regarding the present location of U.S. nuclear weapons and in many cases, of past locations. Early in March 2010 a Government of Japan inquiry revealed the existence of secret agreements for nuclear weapons brought into Japan. The panel findings ended decades of official denial about the secret nuclear agreements in\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. nuclear weapons in Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5767860\",\n \"text\": \"K. Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents have occurred in the USA. Serious nuclear power plant accidents include the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), Chernobyl disaster (1986), Three Mile Island accident (1979), and the SL-1 accident (1961). Stuart Arm states, \\\"apart from Chernobyl, no nuclear workers or members of the public have ever died as a result of exposure to radiation due to a commercial nuclear reactor incident.\\\" The International Atomic Energy Agency maintains\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power phase-out\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12440914\",\n \"text\": \"States was eroded sharply following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, with support for building nuclear power plants in the U.S. dropping slightly lower than it was immediately after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, according to a CBS News poll. Only 43 percent of those polled 10 days after the Fukushima nuclear emergency said they would approve building new power plants in the United States. A Gallup poll in the US in March 2015 found support for nuclear power at 51%, with 43% opposed. This was the lowest level of support for nuclear since 2001, and significantly down from\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power debate\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3976863\",\n \"text\": \"postponed it across the midnight deadline. After the conclusion of Hardtack II, the United States announced a unilateral testing moratorium, which the Soviet Union joined after two last tests on November 1 and 3. In September 1961, the Soviet Union resumed nuclear testing — this period included the test of the most powerful nuclear device ever designed, the \\\"Tsar Bomba\\\" on October 30, 1961 — and the United States followed suit with \\\"Operation Nougat\\\". Operation Hardtack II Operation Hardtack II was a series of 37 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1958 at the Nevada Test Site. These\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Hardtack II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188823\",\n \"text\": \"increase the identified reserves as of 2013 to 7.64 million tons. Over the decade 2003–2013, the identified reserves of uranium (at the same price of US$130/kg) rose from 4.59 million tons in 2003 to 5.90 million tons in 2013, an increase of 28%. The United States has the 4th largest uranium reserves in the world. The U.S. has its most prominent uranium reserves in New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming. The U.S. Department of Energy has approximated there to be at least 300 million pounds of uranium in these areas. Domestic production increased until 1980, after which it declined sharply due\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8358445\",\n \"text\": \"warhead count was 6,196 and the total delivery system count was 1,064. These values continued to shrink, and by 2009 the United States reduced its warhead and delivery vehicles counts to 2,200 and 850 respectively. Following the Cold War, the United States continued upgrading its various types of ICBMs. Minuteman II variants were all but eliminated and continued efforts were put toward Minuteman III and Peacekeeper variants. In 2001, the United States possessed 500 Minuteman III missiles (three warheads each) and 50 Peacekeeper missiles (ten warheads each). Within its nuclear submarine fleet, the United States eliminated the usage of the\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear triad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"416363\",\n \"text\": \"their first thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), far more powerful than the atomic bombs tested and deployed since 1945. In 1954, the US Castle Bravo test at Bikini Atoll (part of Operation Castle) had a yield of 15 megatons of TNT, more than doubling the expected yield. The Castle Bravo test resulted in the worst radiological event in US history as radioactive particles spread over more than , affected inhabited areas (including Rongelap Atoll and Utirik Atoll), and sickened Japanese fishermen aboard the \\\"Lucky Dragon\\\" upon whom \\\"ashes of death\\\" had rained. In the same year, a Soviet test sent radioactive\",\n \"title\": \"Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357244\",\n \"text\": \"France, China The primary application to date has been military (i.e. nuclear weapons), and the remainder of explosions include the following: Only two nuclear weapons have been deployed in combat—both by the United States against Japan in World War II. The first event occurred on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a uranium gun-type device, code-named \\\"Little Boy\\\", on the city of Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people, including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. The second event occurred three days later when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a plutonium\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear explosion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7188795\",\n \"text\": \"Power Plant, which was the source of two of the top five highest conditional core damage frequency nuclear incidents in the United States since 1979, according to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Despite the concerns which arose among the public after the Three Mile Island incident, the accident highlights the success of the reactor's safety systems. The radioactivity released as a result of the accident was almost entirely confined within the reinforced concrete containment structure. These containment structures, found at all nuclear power plants, were designed to successfully trap radioactive material in the event of a melt down or accident.\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11940659\",\n \"text\": \"from electromagnetic pulse has also been intensively studied throughout the European Union, and in particular by the United Kingdom. While precautions have been taken, James Woolsey and the EMP Commission suggested that an EMP is the most significant threat to the U.S. The greatest threat to human survival in the aftermath of an EMP blast would be the inability to access clean drinking water. For comparison, in the aftermath of the 2010 Haitian earthquake, the water infrastructure had been devastated and led to at least 3,333 deaths from cholera in the first few months after the earthquake. Other countries would\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear holocaust\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15487360\",\n \"text\": \"the burning core in an effort to extinguish the blaze and limit the release of radioactive particles.\\\" Aside from the two initial deaths, officially, 28 more died in the following weeks. Soon after, 336,000 people were evacuated after the explosion and fire. Eradiated ash, dust, and smoke traveled across much of Europe including Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. There is a heated debate over the official number of deaths, illnesses and subsequent birth defects caused by the plant's meltdown. The estimated number of deaths potentially resulting from the accident vary enormously; the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested it could reach 4,000\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear energy policy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15487342\",\n \"text\": \"The halting of construction of these reactors marks the \\\"second of the four to die; Calvert Cliffs 3, in Maryland, seems unlikely at this point, because Constellation Energy could not reach financial terms with the Energy Department. The department has granted a conditional loan guarantee to one project in Georgia and may give another to a project in South Carolina.\\\" The House passed the Advanced Nuclear Technology Act of 2017 on January 23, 2017. Most states have been complicit with the utility companies' installation of nuclear plants, but some states have not. Although the federal government has the foremost control\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear energy policy of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2524533\",\n \"text\": \"Treaty on the non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968 (NPT) as they committed to do under the Lisbon Protocol (Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms) after becoming independent nations in the wake of the breakup of the Soviet Union. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have disposed of all their nuclear weapons or transferred them to Russia, while the U.S. and Russia have reduced the capacity of delivery vehicles to 1,600 each, with no more than 6,000 warheads. A report\",\n \"title\": \"START I\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14803917\",\n \"text\": \"producing approximately 20% of the country's electrical energy needs. In absolute terms, the United States is the world's largest supplier of commercial nuclear power. However, the development of nuclear power in the United States has been stymied ever since the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in 1979. Future development of nuclear power in the U.S. was to be enabled by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and co-ordinated by the Nuclear Power 2010 Program, but many license applications filed with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for proposed new reactors have been suspended or cancelled. As of October 2011, plans for about\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear energy policy by country\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9883986\",\n \"text\": \"of the Soviet Union. This reduction of nuclear weapons was characterized such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) and the START I (1991). After the Cold War, dramatic changes of the nuclear affairs of the United States are small. Nuclear equipments whether civilian or military are the same scale as the 1980s. Nuclear safety and security in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7357243\",\n \"text\": \"of 15 kilotons; and a plutonium implosion-type bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, with a blast yield of 21 kilotons. In the years following World War II, eight countries have conducted nuclear tests with 2475 devices fired in 2120 tests. In 1963, the United States, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in outer space. The treaty permitted underground tests. Many other non-nuclear nations acceded to the Treaty following its entry into force; however, two nuclear weapons states have not acceded:\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear explosion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"296319\",\n \"text\": \"its reliance on nuclear weapons. U.S. officials have also pointed out the ongoing U.S. work to dismantle nuclear warheads. When current accelerated dismantlement efforts ordered by President George W. Bush have been completed, the U.S. arsenal will be less than a quarter of its size at the end of the Cold War, and smaller than it has been at any point since the Eisenhower administration, well before the drafting of the NPT. The United States has also purchased many thousands of weapons' worth of uranium formerly in Soviet nuclear weapons for conversion into reactor fuel. As a consequence of this\",\n \"title\": \"Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"289359\",\n \"text\": \"an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy. Nuclear weapons have been used twice in war, both times by the United States against Japan near the end of World War II. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a uranium gun-type fission bomb nicknamed \\\"Little Boy\\\" over the Japanese city of Hiroshima; three days later, on August 9, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a plutonium implosion-type fission bomb nicknamed \\\"Fat Man\\\" over the Japanese city of Nagasaki.\",\n \"title\": \"Nuclear weapon\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many nuclear missles does the us have"}}},{"rowIdx":277,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Philadelphia Eagles","Minnesota Vikings"],"string":"[\n \"Philadelphia Eagles\",\n \"Minnesota Vikings\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"18465624","text":"2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,","title":"2017 NFL season"},{"id":"22343","text":"secured an 11–5 record and a first round bye. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Atlanta defeated the Seahawks 36–20 in the Georgia Dome, and hosted their last game at the Dome against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017. The Falcons defeated the Packers 44–21 to advance to Super Bowl LI as the NFC champions. Atlanta was up 28–3 late in the third quarter, and the New England Patriots scored 31 unanswered points, with the last 6 in the first-ever overtime in the Super Bowl. The Patriots' 25-point comeback was the largest","title":"Atlanta Falcons"},{"id":"19807840","text":"threw an incomplete pass to Julio Jones, essentially sealing a 15-10 win for the Eagles. Against many analyst predictions, the top seeded Philadelphia Eagles advanced to the NFC Championship game. The Eagles were once again underdogs going into the NFC Championship Game, this time to the second-seeded Minnesota Vikings, who were coming off a notable playoff victory in the Divisional Round. This was the Eagles first NFC Championship appearance since the 2008–09 NFL playoffs. Though the Eagles allowed a Vikings touchdown on the opening drive, it was the Vikings only score. Case Keenum's pick-six to Patrick Robinson changed the game,","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"20121906","text":"2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and the Virginia Tech Hokies, champions of the Coastal Division. Clemson","title":"2017 ACC Championship Game"},{"id":"20121909","text":"Tiger's third straight appearance in the ACC Championship game. Source: 2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and","title":"2017 ACC Championship Game"},{"id":"19807795","text":"New York Giants in Week 15 helped the Eagles clinch a first-round bye for the first time in 13 years, and a Christmas Night home win over the Oakland Raiders allowed the Eagles to clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2004. The Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10 in the Divisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since 1980 to be an underdog","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"12917335","text":"back-and-forth game 31–27, snapping a 4–game losing streak to the Ravens. With nine seconds remaining, Steelers receiver Antonio Brown scored the game's final points by reaching over the goal line in a play nicknamed the \"Immaculate Extension.\" The win secured the AFC North championship for Pittsburgh and eliminated Baltimore from playoff contention. On October 1, 2017, the Steelers beat the Ravens 26–9 at M&T Bank Stadium, which gave the Steelers their first win in Baltimore since 2012. The Steelers managed to sweep the Ravens in the 2017 NFL season with a high-scoring 39–38 victory at Heinz Field on December 10,","title":"Ravens–Steelers rivalry"},{"id":"289069","text":"the Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20, to","title":"New York Giants"},{"id":"20435987","text":"prior to the championship. 2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis","title":"2017 NAIA Football National Championship"},{"id":"19807837","text":"the underdogs. The Eagles entered their first playoff game as the first No.1 seeded team since the 1970 Colts to be an underdog in the playoffs. The Eagles relied on their defense to stop the 6th seeded Atlanta Falcons on their drives to prevail a 15-10 win to advance to the NFC Championship Game. In that game, against the top-ranked Minnesota Vikings defense, Nick Foles and the Eagles offense dominated drive after drive and came for 4 touchdowns and the defense bothered the Vikings all night as the Eagles destroyed the Vikings 38-7 to advance to Super Bowl LII in","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"19820626","text":"a season in which their stadium hosted the Super Bowl. They defeated the New Orleans Saints in the Divisional Round 29–24 on a walk-off play referred to as the \"Minneapolis Miracle\", but lost 38–7 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship Game. Draft trades The Vikings' preliminary preseason schedule was announced on April 10. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL London Games NFL on Thanksgiving Day With their win against the Saints in the NFC Divisional Round, Minnesota became the first team in the Super Bowl era to advance to the conference championship","title":"2017 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"id":"20435984","text":"2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis that prevailed by a","title":"2017 NAIA Football National Championship"},{"id":"9303299","text":"NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. As the number 2 seed in the NFC Playoffs, Ryan led the 11–5 Falcons to a 36–20 victory over the number 3 seeded Seattle Seahawks in the Divisional Round. Ryan passed for over 300 yards and had three touchdowns. In the NFC Championship game, Ryan led the Falcons to a 44–21 victory over the Green Bay Packers. Ryan threw for 392 yards for 4 touchdowns and no interceptions. He also ran for a fifth touchdown, just the fourth player to do so in a post-season game, as the Falcons earned a trip to Super","title":"Matt Ryan (American football)"},{"id":"17084788","text":"2016 NFL season The 2016 NFL season was the 97th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2016, with the defending Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 21–20 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LI, the league's championship game on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston with the New England Patriots defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in overtime. For the first time since the Houston Oilers relocated to Tennessee in , an NFL team relocated to another state, as the","title":"2016 NFL season"},{"id":"2200064","text":"trip to the AFC Championship Game. The Patriots then defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers, 36–17. Against the Steelers, Brady completed 32-of-42 passes for 384 yards, three touchdowns, and no interceptions. The win gave Brady and Patriots head coach Bill Belichick their record seventh conference title as a quarterback–head coach tandem, and the Patriots an NFL record ninth Super Bowl appearance. Brady and the Patriots faced the NFC champion Atlanta Falcons—who boasted the league's highest scoring offense—in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas on Sunday, February 5, 2017. Brady threw for 43 completions on 62 attempts for 466 passing","title":"Tom Brady"},{"id":"17261707","text":"four passes for 68 yards and a touchdown in a divisional round game against the Carolina Panthers. A week later, he caught a key two-point conversion in the NFC Championship Game against the Green Bay Packers, as the Seahawks rallied to defeat the Packers 28–22 to reached consecutive Super Bowls. In Super Bowl XLIX, Willson had no catches as the Seahawks failed to repeat as champions, defeated by the New England Patriots, who rallied in the fourth quarter behind quarterback On March 17, 2017, Willson re-signed with the Seahawks. After five years in Seattle, Willson signed a one-year, $2.5 million","title":"Luke Willson"},{"id":"18393963","text":"Russell Wilson after he tripped over guard Rees Odhiambo's foot while taking a snap during the NFC Divisional Playoff against the Seattle Seahawks. The following week, Garland and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI after winning the NFC Championship. Against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI, the Falcons lost 34–28 in overtime. In 2017, Garland played in all 16 games, starting three at left guard in place of the injured Andy Levitre. On March 12, 2018, the Falcons placed a second-round restricted free agent tender on Garland. Garland was stationed at Scott Air Force Base as a Public","title":"Ben Garland"},{"id":"15206387","text":"for just the fourth time in franchise history. On January 22, 2017, Quinn's Falcons won the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers 44–21, clinching a berth to play in Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots. Up 21–3 at halftime and 28–3 in the third quarter, the Falcons blew the largest lead in Super Bowl history and lost the game in overtime by a score of 34–28. NFL head coaches under whom Quinn has served: Assistant coaches under Quinn who have become NFL head coaches: Dan Quinn (American football) Daniel Patrick Quinn (born September 11, 1970) is an","title":"Dan Quinn (American football)"},{"id":"19819968","text":"The Falcons were the only NFC team from the 2016 playoffs to qualify for the 2017 playoffs. In the playoffs, the Falcons defeated the Los Angeles Rams in the Wild Card Round, but lost against the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Divisional round. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. In their home opener, the Falcons hosted the Green Bay Packers in a rematch of the 2016 NFC Championship Game. This was the first regular season game at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Despite prior reports that the roof would be closed for the game, Falcons owner Arthur Blank","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"id":"19807652","text":"Bills in week 16, the Patriots obtained their 8th consecutive 12-or-more win season stretching all the way from 2010, an NFL record. Their Week 17 victory over the New York Jets clinched their top seed in the AFC for the second straight year, thus giving the Patriots home-field advantage throughout the entire AFC playoffs for the second year in a row. The Patriots defeated the Tennessee Titans in the Divisional Round 35–14, and the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game 24–20, claiming their second consecutive AFC title. This was their seventh consecutive AFC Championship appearance, adding onto their record","title":"2017 New England Patriots season"},{"id":"3486557","text":"play by hitting Eli Manning just as he released the pass, causing an incompletion. Peppers finished the game with 3 tackles, 1 sack, 2 quarterback hits, and 2 passes defended helping the Packers beat the Giants by a score of 38–13 and advance to the divisional playoff round against the Dallas Cowboys. Peppers helped beat the Cowboys the following week 34–31, but the Packers lost a week later to the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC championship game 44–21. On March 10, 2017, Peppers signed a one-year contract to return to the Carolina Panthers. Peppers stated that while he was away","title":"Julius Peppers"},{"id":"12843993","text":"NFC Championship Game in team history, and their first appearance since the 2000 season with a 13–4 record. Brett Favre became the oldest player to start and win a playoff game, but also won his first postseason game in four against Dallas. This would be the Vikings' final win in a playoff game until (after) 2017. Coming off their dominant divisional home win over the Cowboys, the Vikings flew to the Louisiana Superdome for the NFC Championship Game against the top-seeded New Orleans Saints. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter with running back Adrian Peterson's 19-yard touchdown","title":"2009 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"id":"19259115","text":"players Jerome Bettis, Tony Gonzalez, Ray Lewis, and Charles Woodson. The game format was nearly the same for 2017 as it had been in 2016, with some exceptions: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: The game was televised nationally by ESPN and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando,","title":"2017 Pro Bowl"},{"id":"19121786","text":"that point) coming against the Seahawks. This was speculated to be the last NFL game ever in the Georgia Dome, but when the fourth-seeded Green Bay Packers upset the top-seeded Dallas Cowboys in the other Divisional Playoff the next day, Atlanta was named the host of the NFC Championship Game, the last ever game in the Dome. This was the Falcons' final game ever in the Georgia Dome after 25 seasons, as the team moved into the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in 2017. The Falcons never trailed in the game, scoring 31 unanswered points until Rodgers threw a touchdown pass halfway through","title":"2016 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"id":"19554071","text":"or Pacific time zones since the 1995 game, which was held at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington. North Carolina was playing in its second consecutive title game (and eleventh overall), after losing to Villanova at the buzzer the previous year. Meanwhile, Gonzaga was playing in its first-ever title game. It was the second national title game in three years – and the eighth overall – to be played between two No. 1 seeds. In his seventeenth year at the helm, Gonzaga head coach Mark Few led the team to its first Final Four and national championship game in school history,","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"19992852","text":"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game The 2017 Conference USA Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at FAU Stadium in Boca Raton, Florida, and determined the 2017 football champion of Conference USA (C-USA). The game was played between Florida Atlantic, the East Division champion, and North Texas, the West Division champion. The title sponsor was Dynacraft BSC. In the 2016 championship game, hosted by WKU, the Hilltoppers had defeated Louisiana Tech 58–44. The 2017 championship game was the 13th game in the championship series and was won by Florida Atlantic, 41–17. North Texas claimed its place in","title":"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game"},{"id":"20026011","text":"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game The 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 2, 2017. This was the third year that the AAC Championship game is played. The game was a rematch of the September 30 matchup, which UCF won 40-13. The Memphis Tigers football team is a member of the American Athletic Conference in its West Division. They represented the West Division in the American Athletic Conference Championship Game. The Tigers entered the game 10–1 (7–1 in The American), their only loss coming at the hands of UCF back in September. Memphis","title":"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game"},{"id":"19240340","text":"2016–17 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2016 NFL season began on Saturday, January 7, 2017. The postseason tournament concluded with Super Bowl LI on Sunday, February 5, 2017, when the New England Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Source: The Raiders were one of the most dominant teams in the AFC during the season, but in the final two weeks of the regular season, they lost starting quarterback Derek Carr and second-string quarterback Matt McGloin to injuries. The Raiders lost the last game and ended up going into the playoffs with","title":"2016–17 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"13290729","text":"a first round bye and a playoff berth with a 14-2 record. They went on to defeat the Houston Texans in the Divisional round and the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship. On February 5, 2017, Hightower appeared in Super Bowl LI and help the Patriots overcome a 25 point deficit and defeat the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in overtime. Hightower recorded two solo tackles, one sack, and forced a fumble. On March 15, 2017, the New England Patriots signed Hightower to a four-year, $35.5 million contract that includes $17 million guaranteed and a $10 million signing bonus. It was later","title":"Dont'a Hightower"},{"id":"18449410","text":"who defeated the Washington Huskies in the Peach Bowl. Having met in the previous year's championship game, the resulting title game between Clemson and Alabama became college football's first rematch between #1 and #2 in national championship game history. The Tigers won the game 35–31 on a go-ahead touchdown with one second left, having come back from a 14–0 deficit earlier in the game. Clemson quarterback and Heisman Finalist Deshaun Watson set the record for most passing yards in a championship game with 420, breaking his own record of 405 yards set in the 2016 national championship game. Deshaun Watson","title":"2017 College Football Playoff National Championship"},{"id":"19798824","text":"per game and 478 total points scored - tops in both categories. On Christmas Eve, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 in a Super Bowl XXXIV rematch to clinch the NFC West for the first time since 2003 and their first playoff berth since 2004. This was also their first division title as the Los Angeles Rams since the 1985 season. Their promising season came to a end as they were defeated by the No. 6 seed and defending NFC Champions, the Atlanta Falcons, 13–26 in the Wild Card Round. Coincidentally in the Rams' last playoff game in 2005,","title":"2017 Los Angeles Rams season"},{"id":"4701659","text":"NFC Championship Game The NFC Championship Game (also unofficially referred to as the NFC Title Game) is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the National Football Conference (NFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with","title":"NFC Championship Game"},{"id":"20121907","text":"won the game 42–35, and went on to win the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship. The championship game had been hosted in Charlotte, North Carolina from 2010 to 2015, and had been slated to host through at least 2019. However, in response to North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (HB2), the ACC voted in September 2016 to move the 2016 championship out of North Carolina. Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida was chosen as a replacement site for the 2016 game. ACC Commissioner John Swofford delayed the decision on where to hold the 2017 football Championship Game","title":"2017 ACC Championship Game"},{"id":"19913850","text":"three touchdowns and two interceptions. Kamara rushed for 43 yards, while also catching six passes for 72 yards and a touchdown. This was the first conference championship game to feature a team from Florida in 15 years (the Super Bowl XXXVII champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers won the 2002 NFC championship game). New England overcame a 10-point deficit in the fourth quarter to earn the franchise's 10th Super Bowl appearance. On the opening drive of the game, Patriots quarterback Tom Brady completed a 31-yard pass to Brandin Cooks and a 20-yard pass to wide receiver Danny Amendola on fourth-and-1 as the","title":"2017–18 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"16858042","text":"Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"id":"20026021","text":"two teams combined for 1,479 yard of offense, and 117 points. It was the highest-scoring conference championship game in the history of FBS. UCF quarterback McKenzie Milton threw for 494 yards, and 5 touchdown passes. Memphis quarterback Riley Ferguson threw for 471 yards, and 4 touchdowns, while two Memphis running backs (Henderson and Taylor) each rushed for over 100 yards. Source: 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game The 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 2, 2017. This was the third year that the AAC Championship game is played. The game was a rematch","title":"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game"},{"id":"17084797","text":"four winners of these playoff games visited the top two seeded teams in each conference in the Divisional round games, which were played on the weekend of January 14–15, 2017. The winners of those games advanced to the Conference championship games, which will be held on January 22, 2017. The 2017 Pro Bowl was held at the recently renovated Camping World Stadium (the former Citrus Bowl stadium) in Orlando, Florida on January 29, 2017 and aired on ESPN. Super Bowl LI was held on February 5, 2017 at NRG Stadium in Houston on Fox. On April 25, 2016, the 2nd","title":"2016 NFL season"},{"id":"19554070","text":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It determined the national champion for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 3, 2017, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona between the Gonzaga Bulldogs and the North Carolina Tar Heels. North Carolina defeated Gonzaga, 71–65, to win its sixth men's basketball national championship. This was the first national championship game to be played in a state in either the Mountain","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"19807827","text":"loss to Seattle, and for the first time since 2013, the Eagles clinched the NFC East title. However, Carson Wentz suffered an apparent knee injury while trying to dive for a touchdown late in the third quarter. He did throw a touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery before being ruled out for the game's remainder. The Eagles were already without Darren Sproles, Jason Peters and Jordan Hicks for the rest of the year. Nick Foles would come in and replace Wentz. This was also the first matchup of the Jared Goff-Carson Wentz rivalry. Trailing by two in the final seconds, the","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"16778801","text":"The Philadelphia Eagles finished the 2017 season atop the NFC East with a 13–3 record and clinched a playoff berth and home field advantage. On January 13, 2018, McLeod started his first career playoff game and recorded seven solo tackles and a sack on Matt Ryan during the Eagles' 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional round. The Eagles went on to defeat the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship and went on to face the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl. On February 4, 2018, McLeod started in Super Bowl LII and recorded six combined","title":"Rodney McLeod"},{"id":"19992853","text":"the title game on November 11 with a 45–10 win over UTEP. Florida Atlantic clinched the East division on November 18 after defeating rivals FIU 52-24 in the Shula Bowl. The win also ensured that the Owls would host the championship game. At the time, FAU was 7–0 in C-USA play to North Texas' 6–1, with each team having one conference game to play. Although an FAU loss and North Texas win would have left the teams tied, the Owls held the tiebreaker with a head-to-head win over the Mean Green during the season. North Texas went on to play","title":"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game"},{"id":"17473814","text":"Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after","title":"Super Bowl LII"},{"id":"19820596","text":"recovered at the Seattle 6-yard line, and Ty Montgomery ran in for a touchdown on the following play, giving the Packers a lead they wouldn't relinquish after that. Later Rodgers caught the Seahawks with 12 men on the field and capitalized on the free play by throwing a 32-yard touchdown to Jordy Nelson. The Packers only surrendered two field goals to Seattle for the rest of the game, giving a strong defensive showing in the season opener. In a rematch of the 2017 NFC Championship game earlier that year, the Falcons defeated the Packers to open up their new stadium.","title":"2017 Green Bay Packers season"},{"id":"19704650","text":"J. B. Holmes (10), Billy Horschel (7), Mark Hubbard, John Huh, Fredrik Jacobson, Zach Johnson (5), Kang Sung-hoon, Smylie Kaufman, Jerry Kelly, Michael Kim, Chris Kirk, Kevin Kisner (10), Patton Kizzire, Brooks Koepka (10), Jason Kokrak, Matt Kuchar (6,10), Anirban Lahiri, Martin Laird, Danny Lee, Spencer Levin, David Lingmerth (9), Luke List, Andrew Loupe, Jamie Lovemark, Shane Lowry (8), Peter Malnati, Ben Martin, Graeme McDowell, Troy Merritt, Phil Mickelson (5,10), Bryce Molder, Francesco Molinari (10), Kevin Na, Noh Seung-yul, Sean O'Hair, Louis Oosthuizen (10), Ryan Palmer, Scott Piercy, Chez Reavie, Kyle Reifers, Patrick Rodgers, Charl Schwartzel (10), Adam Scott (5,8,10),","title":"2017 Players Championship"},{"id":"19819970","text":"the Falcons' victory, Adrian Clayborn set a new franchise record of six sacks in one game, breaking the previous record of five sacks. The win eliminated Green Bay from postseason contention. 2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"id":"18244904","text":"and Celek to start the regular season. He played in the Philadelphia Eagles season-opening 30–17 victory over the Washington Redskins and recovered a fumble on a muffed punt by Redskins' wide receiver Jamison Crowder. On October 8, 2017, he caught two passes for 16-yards and made his second career touchdown reception on a 15-yard pass from Carson Wentz during a 34–7 victory over the Arizona Cardinals. On December 10, 2017, Burton recorded five receptions for 71 receiving yard and two touchdown receptions in the Eagles' NFC East Championship clinching 43–35 victory at the Los Angeles Rams. He received more playing","title":"Trey Burton"},{"id":"19913841","text":"2nd consecutive AFC Championship meeting between the 2 teams. Vikings quarterback Case Keenum's 61-yard pass to Stefon Diggs on the game's final play sent them to the NFC title game for the first time since the 2009 season and marked the first time in the NFL postseason that a game was won with a touchdown on the final play of regulation. The game has been referred to as the \"Minneapolis Miracle.\" Minnesota dominated the first half, building up a 17–0 lead. The Saints had to punt on their opening drive, and Marcus Sherels returned the ball 19 yards to the","title":"2017–18 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"18487979","text":"in a 36–20 NFC Divisional game victory over the Seattle Seahawks. On January 22, 2017, he forced a key fumble after he stripped the ball away from Green Bay Packers' fullback Aaron Ripkowski and recovered it, leading to a touchdown. He also made three combined tackles and a pass deflection as the Falcons routed the Green Bay Packers 44–21. In Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots, Collins had a team-high eleven total tackles in the 34–28 loss in overtime. Collins was suspended the first 10 games of the 2017 season for again violating the NFL's policy on performing","title":"Jalen Collins"},{"id":"19807797","text":"won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"18247239","text":"sack against Colin Kaepernick. In Week 13, against the Los Angeles Rams, Butler intercepted rookie quarterback Jared Goff for his second interception of the season. Against the New York Jets in Week 16 on Christmas Eve, Butler had the first multi-interception game of his career: he picked off both Bryce Petty and Ryan Fitzpatrick and also recovered a fumble. Butler was named second-team All-Pro by Pro Football Focus and the Associated Press. On February 5, 2017, Butler won his second Super Bowl championship as the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons in overtime by a score of 34–28 in Super Bowl","title":"Malcolm Butler"},{"id":"16858108","text":"the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"id":"19807800","text":"missing his receivers; as a result, the Eagles defense and special teams had to carry the offensive line for a 19-10 win on a cold Christmas night to seal home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs. The Eagles went on to lose a meaningless Week 17 game to the Dallas Cowboys in a shutout score of 6-0 in Nate Sudfeld's debut as an Eagle, but they finished with a record of 13-3, tying their 2004 season for that record. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Eagles kicked off the 2017 season on the road against the Redskins. The Eagles","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"19437396","text":"NFC South with an 11–5 record, receiving a first round bye and home field advantage throughout the playoffs. On January 13, 2017, Neal started his first career playoff game and led both teams with 11 combined tackles (ten solo) during the Falcons' 36–20 win against the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Divisional Round. The following week, the Falcons defeated the Green Bay Packers 44–21 in the NFC Championship. On February 6, 2017, Neal collected 13 combined tackles (nine solo) during the Falcons' 34–28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. Defensive coordinator Richard Smith was fired","title":"Keanu Neal"},{"id":"19913865","text":"AFC playoff games. Coverage of the NFC Wild Card and Divisional rounds was split between Fox and NBC, with each network having coverage of one game in each of those two rounds. CBS had exclusive coverage of the AFC Championship Game. Fox had exclusive coverage of the NFC Championship Game. NBC had exclusive coverage of Super Bowl LII. 2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis,","title":"2017–18 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"19807796","text":"in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"19913827","text":"NFC Championship appearance since 2008, and their first at home since 2004. New England racked up eight sacks, 438 yards, and 31 first downs as they advanced to their seventh consecutive AFC Championship game. Midway through the first quarter, Tennessee drove 95 yards in 11 plays, featuring a 36-yard completion from Marcus Mariota to tight end Delanie Walker. Mariota finished the drive with a 15-yard touchdown pass to Corey Davis, who made a running one-handed catch in the back corner of the end zone to put the Titans up 7–0. However, the Patriots stormed right back, with Tom Brady completing","title":"2017–18 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"19807751","text":"Giants to win 30-17 and improve to 7-6 and 2-3 without Elliott. Despite the win against the Giants, the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles clinched the NFC East title with the win against the Rams. The game was close all the way. The game was clinched when Derek Carr fumbled the ball out of the end zone with less than a minute left in the game, allowing the Cowboys to improve to 8–6 on the season and finish the last game without Elliott at 3–3. Elliott returned the next week. Zeke returns from his six-game suspension. With the loss,","title":"2017 Dallas Cowboys season"},{"id":"20435985","text":"final score of 24-13. This was only the 5th time a team has managed back-to-back championships in the history of NAIA football. The championship game was played at Municipal Stadium in Daytona Beach, Florida. This was the 4th consecutive time the championship game was played at this venue after the prior six games were played at Barron Stadium in Rome, Georgia. A total of sixteen teams were selected to participate in the single-elimination tournament from across the country. The field included twelve conference champions who received automatic bids. The field was filled with at-large selections that were awarded to the","title":"2017 NAIA Football National Championship"},{"id":"16938342","text":"which was the 13th highest grade among all qualified safteies in 2016. He was ranked 77th by fellow NFL players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. The Green Bay Packers finished atop of their division with a 10–6 record, clinching a playoff berth. They defeated the New York Giants 38–13 in the NFC Wildcard Game and defeated the Dallas Cowboys 34–31 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 22, 2017, Clinton-Dix started in the NFC Championship Game and recorded five solo tackles and two pass deflections as the Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC","title":"Ha Ha Clinton-Dix"},{"id":"19807653","text":"from the previous year. The win also made Tom Brady the oldest quarterback (40 years, 163 days) to win a playoff game, surpassing Brett Favre for the record. It was also the second time they advanced to the Super Bowl two consecutive seasons since 2004. They faced the Philadelphia Eagles in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. This also made the Patriots the only team in NFL history to appear in ten Super Bowls, and gave the Patriots a chance to repeat as Super Bowl Champions for the second time in franchise history, and for the first time since 2004.","title":"2017 New England Patriots season"},{"id":"19807828","text":"Rams attempted a last second comeback through lateral passes, but to no avail as a pass was fumbled with no time left on the clock, and returned by Brandon Graham for one more touchdown to add six to their lead. With the win, the Eagles advanced to 11-2 and clinched the NFC East. They also got back the #1 seed thanks to a Vikings loss to the Panthers earlier in the day. The day after the game, Wentz was revealed to have torn his ACL, officially ending his season and making Nick Foles the starting quarterback for the rest of","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"12880233","text":"appeared in his first career playoff game and caught five passes for 48-yards during a 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard Game. On January 15, 2017, Cook made six receptions for 103-yards and a touchdown as the Packers' defeated the Dallas Cowboys 34–31 in the NFC Divisional Round. During the fourth quarter, Cook caught a 36-yard pass from Aaron Rodgers along the sideline with three seconds remaining in the game to set up the Packers' game-winning 51-yard field goal by Mason Crosby. The following week, Cook started in the NFC Championship Game and caught seven","title":"Jared Cook"},{"id":"19965893","text":"the 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game. No Big Ten teams were selected for the 2017 College Football Playoff. Penn State defeated Wisconsin, 38–31, for the Big Ten Football Championship Game. Ten teams participated in bowl games. Maryland lost to Boston College, 30–36, in the Quick Lane Bowl. Minnesota won, 17–12, over Washington State in the Holiday Bowl. Northwestern won over Pittsburgh, 31–24, in the Pinstripe Bowl. Indiana lost to Utah, 24–26, at the Foster Farms Bowl. Nebraska lost to Tennessee, 24–38, in the Music City Bowl. Iowa lost to Florida, 3–30, in the Outback Bowl. Michigan lost by 1","title":"2017 Big Ten Conference football season"},{"id":"20199050","text":"the Beef upset the Bandits 55–45, thanks to a late touchdown with 11 seconds remaining in the game. Two days later, in the South Conference championship, the Revolution advanced to their second Champions Bowl with a 77–71 win over the Venom, their third win over the team in the 2017 season. Champions Bowl III Champions Bowl III was the third title game of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). It was played on June 23, 2017, and won by the Texas Revolution. The four teams (ordered by seeding) that made the postseason in the North Conference were the Sioux City Bandits, Omaha","title":"Champions Bowl III"},{"id":"20026012","text":"was the second-highest scoring team in Division I FBS, second only to UCF. Memphis was seeking its second AAC championship title. The Tigers were co-champions of the AAC in 2014. The UCF Knights football team is a member of the American Athletic Conference in its East Division. They represented the East Division in the American Athletic Conference Championship Game. The Knights were the highest-scoring offense in Division I FBS, and ranked in the top ten in the nation in total yards per game, and passing yards per game. The Knights completed their football program's first undefeated regular season (11–0). The","title":"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game"},{"id":"19807826","text":"The Eagles defense stymied Mitchell Trubisky and the Bears offense, holding running back Jordan Howard to 6 yards on 7 rushes. Malcolm Jenkins and Corey Graham each added one interception. The Eagles struggled throughout this game with penalties and scoring blows that led them losing 24-10 to the Seattle Seahawks. With the loss, the Eagles snapped their 9-game winning streak, lost to Seattle for the fourth time since 2008 and fell to 10-2. The loss dropped them to a tie with the Minnesota Vikings for top seed in the NFC. The 10-2 Eagles bounced back from last week's heartbreaking 24-10","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"20121908","text":"due to the ongoing controversy. On April 19, 2017, the ACC announced that the football championship game and other neutral site conference events would return to Charlotte in 2017. Miami secured its spot in the game by winning the Coastal Division. This is the first ACC divisional title and first appearance in the ACC Championship Game for the Hurricanes. Clemson qualified for the game by winning the Atlantic Division with a 7–1 record. Their only loss was to Syracuse, while the Tigers defeated: Louisville, Boston College, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest, Georgia Tech, NC State, and Florida State. This is the","title":"2017 ACC Championship Game"},{"id":"9303300","text":"Bowl LI. During the Super Bowl against the New England Patriots, Ryan finished with 284 passing yards, two touchdowns, and a lost fumble. Although the Falcons led 28–3, it became the subject of one of the most historic downfalls in sports history as the Falcons lost the Super Bowl 28–34 in overtime. On September 10, 2017, in the season opening 23–17 victory over the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field, Ryan connected with tight end Austin Hooper for an 88-yard touchdown, which was the second-longest touchdown pass of Ryan's career. In the game, Ryan was 21-of-30 for 321 yards and the","title":"Matt Ryan (American football)"},{"id":"16194465","text":"Packers' 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard game. After defeating the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional round, the Green Bay Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship. In the loss to the Falcons, Ryan had four total tackles. Ryan and Martinez returned as the starting inside linebackers to begin the 2017 regular season. He was sidelined for a Week 3 win against the Cincinnati Bengals after sustaining a hamstring injury and concussion the previous week. December 3, 2017, Ryan recorded ten combined tackles and made his first career sack on","title":"Jake Ryan"},{"id":"19704649","text":"D. A. Points, Jon Rahm (10,14), Patrick Reed (3,10), Cameron Smith, Jordan Spieth (3,5,7,10,14), Brendan Steele (3,14), Henrik Stenson (3,5,10), Hudson Swafford (3), Justin Thomas (3,10,14), Jhonattan Vegas (3), Jimmy Walker (3,5,10) Justin Rose (3,5,10,14) Blayne Barber, Ricky Barnes, Zac Blair, Jason Bohn, Keegan Bradley, Scott Brown, Chad Campbell, Paul Casey (10), Roberto Castro, Alex Čejka, K. J. Choi, Ben Crane, Graham DeLaet, Luke Donald, Jason Dufner (5), Harris English, Derek Fathauer, Tony Finau, Jim Furyk, Robert Garrigus, Lucas Glover, Fabián Gómez, Branden Grace (10), Emiliano Grillo (10), Bill Haas (10), James Hahn, David Hearn, Jim Herman, Charley Hoffman (10),","title":"2017 Players Championship"},{"id":"19992855","text":"was told where to go by the conference. Source: 2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game The 2017 Conference USA Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at FAU Stadium in Boca Raton, Florida, and determined the 2017 football champion of Conference USA (C-USA). The game was played between Florida Atlantic, the East Division champion, and North Texas, the West Division champion. The title sponsor was Dynacraft BSC. In the 2016 championship game, hosted by WKU, the Hilltoppers had defeated Louisiana Tech 58–44. The 2017 championship game was the 13th game in the championship series and was won by","title":"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game"},{"id":"19900838","text":"2017 Big 12 Championship Game The 2017 Big 12 Championship Game was a college football game that was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. The 16th Big 12 Championship Game, it determined the 2017 champion of the Big 12 Conference. The game featured the Oklahoma Sooners and the TCU Horned Frogs. This was Oklahoma's ninth appearance and was TCU's first appearance. The game was televised nationally by Fox. When the two teams met in the regular season, Oklahoma defeated TCU 38–20. This was the first time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined","title":"2017 Big 12 Championship Game"},{"id":"16192541","text":"season, which secured their first non-losing year since 2006 (and first in Los Angeles since 1989). A week later, the Rams would defeat the Arizona Cardinals 32–16 to secure a winning season for the first time since the 2003 season. On December 24, 2017, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 to clinch their first NFC West title since 2003 (and first in Los Angeles since 1985). The Rams would lose in the Wild Card game against the defending NFC champion Atlanta Falcons 26–13. \"* Between 1946 and 1994, the Los Angeles Rams Played a total of 679 Regular Season","title":"History of the Los Angeles Rams"},{"id":"19876806","text":"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current","title":"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season"},{"id":"19554079","text":"the Final Four to advance to the championship game. Meeks led the Tar Heels with a double-double – a career-high 25 points and 14 rebounds – including an important offensive rebound of a Berry missed free throw with 4.0 seconds left to clinch the victory. The game was televised in the United States by CBS. ESPN International had the media rights outside of the United States. Radio coverage in the United States was provided by Westwood One. Gonzaga led North Carolina at the half, 35–32. North Carolina outscored Gonzaga in the second half, 39–30, to win the championship. Gonzaga was","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"},{"id":"7345217","text":"a 34–7 win against the Cincinnati Bengals. He finished his 2017 campaign with 35 combined tackles (25 solo), five passes defended, and an interception in 16 games and seven starts. The Minnesota Vikings finished atop the NFC North with a 13–3 record, clinching a first round bye and home-field advantage. They reached the NFC Championship Game after defeating the New Orleans Saints 29–24 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 21, 2018, Newman started in the NFC Championship Game and record four solo tackles in the Vikings' 38–7 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. Pro Football Focus gave Newman an overall","title":"Terence Newman"},{"id":"19798848","text":"playoff game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum since the 1978 NFC Championship Game. But the defending conference champion Falcons started off strong, capitalizing on two special teams miscues by the Rams to build a 13-0 lead on two Matt Bryant field goals and a 3-yard run by Devonta Freeman. Los Angeles rallied as Jared Goff connected with Cooper Kupp on a 14-yard touchdown pass and Sam Ficken hit a 35-yard field goal just before halftime. Todd Gurley was effective with 101 yards on just 14 carries, but the Falcons were able to control the clock, dominating time of possession","title":"2017 Los Angeles Rams season"},{"id":"20050484","text":"minutes to go Nevelle Clarke intercepted Nutile in the endzone to halt any chance of an Owls rally. The Knights improved to 10–0 on the season. The 13th-ranked Knights welcomed the 22nd-ranked Bulls (9–1) to Spectrum Stadium with the winner of the game claiming the American Athletic Conference East Division title and a spot in the 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game. The game was the first ranked match-up in the War on I-4 rivalry. The game quickly turned into an offensive shootout, with a total of 1,186 yards of offense between both teams. The game came down to","title":"2017 UCF Knights football team"},{"id":"19913794","text":"2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own","title":"2017–18 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"18465657","text":"for ESPN, although Salters will still be on MNF. McDonough will be replaced by Joe Tessitore, who has done work for ESPN as a College Football announcer, like McDonough, while Jason Witten, who would end up retiring after this season, will replace Gruden, with Booger McFarland, being added as a field analyst. 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game.","title":"2017 NFL season"},{"id":"19712597","text":"line. On the next play, defensive tackle Malcom Brown tackled Ravens' running back Kenneth Dixon in the backfield, resulting in a safety. On February 5, 2017, Jones was part of the Patriots team that won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. In 2017, Jones played in all 16 regular-season games with four starts as the team's nickel cornerback and core special teamer. In Week 8 against the Los Angeles Chargers, Jones intercepted Philip Rivers in the final seconds of the game to close out a 21-13 win.","title":"Jonathan Jones (American football)"},{"id":"19819969","text":"elected to open the roof if weather permitted, marking the first time since the 1991 season, the team's final season at their original home of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, that the Falcons played a home game in Atlanta under open air. The Falcons controlled most of the game, went up by as much as 24, and won 34–23. They were led by Devonta Freeman (19 rushes, 84 yards, 2 TD) and Julio Jones (108 yards, 5 receptions). The 2017 Falcons became only the fourth team in NFL history to start 2–0 after they lost the Super Bowl the previous year. In","title":"2017 Atlanta Falcons season"},{"id":"19820041","text":"Graham Gano, Carolina was down by seven at the half. Alvin Kamara scored a touchdown (Lutz kick) in the third, again increasing New Orleans' lead to 14 points. In the fourth quarter New Orleans scored 3 and Carolina scored 7. The Saints were too much for Carolina and won 31–21. Carolina fell to 8–4. In a game featuring two of the NFC's best teams, Carolina was able to hold off the Vikings and win 31–24. The Panthers improved to 9–4. The Panthers spoiled Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers' return by intercepting three passes and winning 31–24. They also improved to 10–4.","title":"2017 Carolina Panthers season"},{"id":"19807770","text":"and against a heavily favored Broncos team, the Giants pulled a massive upset to snap a 5-game losing streak and defeat Denver for the first time since 2005. This is also Manning's first career win in Denver. Janoris Jenkins returned a Trevor Siemian interception for a touchdown in the win, his first as a member of the Giants and Orleans Darkwa had his first 100-yard game. This game was the first time the Giants played an interconference game on CBS since the 1993 season finale on January 2, 1994 against the Cowboys (before Fox took over the NFC contract in","title":"2017 New York Giants season"},{"id":"20010110","text":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, determining the national champion for the 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The match was played on December 10, 2017 at Talen Energy Stadium in Chester, Pennsylvania, a soccer-specific stadium that is home to Major League Soccer club, Philadelphia Union. The match was contested between Stanford of the Pac-12 Conference and, Indiana of the Big Ten Conference. After 90 minutes of scoreless, the match was decided in the second","title":"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game"},{"id":"16668357","text":"one realignment proposal did have the Titans in the AFC North. Despite that, the Steelers and Titans have still played each other rather frequently, having only \"not\" played each other four times. Their most recent matchup was a Thursday Night game on November 16, during the 2017 NFL season at Heinz Field. Perhaps the most notable matchup since realignment came in 2008, when the two met in Nashville in a game that determined home-field advantage in the AFC playoffs and a possible preview of the AFC Championship Game. LenDale White and Keith Bulluck stepped on a Terrible Towel after the","title":"Steelers–Titans rivalry"},{"id":"19807838","text":"a Super Bowl XXXIX rematch with the New England Patriots. Foles had his best performance since Week 15, and his third best as an Eagles player, throwing for 352 yards and 4 touchdowns. The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl title in franchise history, and their first championship since 1960. During the game, a trick play, known as the Philly Special was called where three players combined for a touchdown at 4th-and-Goal before halftime. Nick Foles was name the Super Bowl MVP, the first backup player or quarterback to earn this award. Foles was 28-of-43","title":"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"},{"id":"17627196","text":"Conference Championship, as well as an upset victory over sixth-ranked Baylor in the 2014 Fiesta Bowl. In 2017, Bortles helped the Jacksonville Jaguars reach the playoffs for the first time since 2007, defeating the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers on their way to their first AFC Championship Game since 1999. The Jaguars lost to the New England Patriots 20–24. Bortles attended Oviedo High School in Oviedo, Florida, where he excelled in football and baseball for the Lions athletic teams. As a senior, he completed 151 of 233 passes for 2,211 yards with 27 touchdowns and seven interceptions. He finished","title":"Blake Bortles"},{"id":"14786626","text":"reached the playoffs with a 11–5 record. In the Divisional Round against the Seattle Seahawks, he finished with four receptions for 44 yards and a touchdown in the 36–20 victory. In the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers, he finished with five receptions for 52 yards and a touchdown in the final NFL Game in the Georgia Dome. The Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, playing against the New England Patriots. During the Super Bowl, Sanu had two receptions for 25 yards in the 34–28 overtime defeat against the Patriots. In Week 2 of the 2017 NFL season, against the","title":"Mohamed Sanu"},{"id":"20005100","text":"2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game The 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The seventh annual Big Ten Football Championship Game, it determined the 2017 champion of the Big Ten Conference. The 2017 Championship Game was the seventh in the Big Ten's 122-year history and the fourth to feature the conference's East and West alignment. Last season, the Big Ten Championship Game featured the Penn State Nittany Lions, champions of the East Division and the Wisconsin Badgers, champions of the West Division. The #4 Wisconsin Badgers represented","title":"2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game"},{"id":"19807747","text":"Chiefs at AT&T Stadium November 5. With Ezekiel Elliott playing on a last-minute stay of his looming suspension and carrying the ball 27 times for 93 yards and one touchdown, and Dak Prescott throwing two touchdown passes to Cole Beasley, running for another score and finding receiver Terrance Williams nine times for a game high 141 yards, the Cowboys notched their third straight victory by a score of 28–17 and improved their record to 5–3 at AT&T Stadium against the AFC West division leading Kansas City Chiefs. Two long touchdown drives in the second half lifted Dallas to the win","title":"2017 Dallas Cowboys season"},{"id":"9451363","text":"his career. Clemson won the ACC championship and secured its second trip to the CFP National Championship with a 31–0 shutout of semi-finalist #3 Ohio State in the 2016 Fiesta Bowl. The Tigers competed in the College Football Playoff National Championship game in Tampa, Florida on January 9, 2017, beating the previously undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide 35–31 on a game-winning touchdown with one second remaining, and winning the 2016 National Championship. The Clemson-South Carolina rivalry which dates back to 1896 is the largest annual sporting event in terms of ticket sales in the state of South Carolina. From 1896 to","title":"Clemson Tigers football"},{"id":"19935697","text":"2017 NRL Grand Final The 2017 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2017 National Rugby League season and was played on Sunday October 1 at Sydney's ANZ Stadium. The match was contested between minor premiers the Melbourne Storm and the eighth-placed North Queensland Cowboys. The Storm won the match 34 – 6 to claim their third premiership title. Melbourne fullback Billy Slater was awarded his second Clive Churchill Medal as the game's official man of the match. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by American rapper Macklemore, who attracted controversy for his scheduled performance of \"Same Love\"","title":"2017 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"20533996","text":"Minneapolis Miracle The Minneapolis Miracle (also known as the Minnesota Miracle) was the National Football Conference (NFC) divisional playoff game between the Minnesota Vikings and the New Orleans Saints on January 14, 2018, and specifically its final play. The game was played as part of the National Football League (NFL)'s 2017–18 playoffs. The Saints came back from a 17–0 first-half deficit and established a 24–23 lead with 25 seconds remaining in the contest. On the last play of the game, Vikings quarterback Case Keenum threw a 27-yard pass to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, who evaded Saints safety Marcus Williams and","title":"Minneapolis Miracle"},{"id":"4453860","text":"AFC Championship Game The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the American Football Conference (AFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with the merged league realigning into two conferences. Since 1984,","title":"AFC Championship Game"},{"id":"20105822","text":"2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major","title":"2017 American League Championship Series"},{"id":"19533451","text":"2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the","title":"2017 World Series"},{"id":"16858061","text":"run by defeating the fourth-seeded Houston Texans in the Divisional Round, 34–16. The next week, in the AFC Championship Game, the Patriots defeated the third-seeded Pittsburgh Steelers 36-17. The Falcons, with the NFC's #2 seed, began their postseason run by defeating the third-seeded Seattle Seahawks in the Divisional Round, 36–20, racking up 422 yards. The next week, in the last NFL game ever played at the Georgia Dome, the Falcons racked up 493 total yards as they defeated the fourth-seeded Green Bay Packers 44–21 to win the NFC Championship. As the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC","title":"Super Bowl LI"},{"id":"18293681","text":"Lamar Jackson was awarded the Heisman Trophy for his efforts and performances throughout the 2016 season, finishing with nearly twice as many first place votes as Watson. After defeating Ohio State 31–0 in the CFP semifinal (Fiesta Bowl) and receiving the offensive MVP award for his efforts, Clemson defeated No. 1 Alabama 35–31 in the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship. Watson completed 36-of-56 passes for 420 yards and three touchdowns against the nation's top-ranked defense, including the last-second game-winning pass to wide receiver, Hunter Renfrow. He also rushed for 43 yards and a touchdown. This gave the Clemson Tigers","title":"Deshaun Watson"},{"id":"19240380","text":"yards. Osweiler completed 23 of 40 passes for 198 yards and a touchdown, with three interceptions. The Patriots advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the sixth consecutive year, surpassing the Oakland Raiders of 1973 to 1977 for most consecutive appearances in conference championship games. Uniforms: - Dallas: White tops; green/silver pants with blue and white accents; blue socks; silver helmet with dark blue and white accents and blue star. - Green Bay: Green tops; gold pants with green and white accents; green and white socks; gold helmet with green and white accents and stylized white \"G\" with green background.","title":"2016–17 NFL playoffs"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"18465624\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"22343\",\n \"text\": \"secured an 11–5 record and a first round bye. In the divisional round of the playoffs, Atlanta defeated the Seahawks 36–20 in the Georgia Dome, and hosted their last game at the Dome against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017. The Falcons defeated the Packers 44–21 to advance to Super Bowl LI as the NFC champions. Atlanta was up 28–3 late in the third quarter, and the New England Patriots scored 31 unanswered points, with the last 6 in the first-ever overtime in the Super Bowl. The Patriots' 25-point comeback was the largest\",\n \"title\": \"Atlanta Falcons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807840\",\n \"text\": \"threw an incomplete pass to Julio Jones, essentially sealing a 15-10 win for the Eagles. Against many analyst predictions, the top seeded Philadelphia Eagles advanced to the NFC Championship game. The Eagles were once again underdogs going into the NFC Championship Game, this time to the second-seeded Minnesota Vikings, who were coming off a notable playoff victory in the Divisional Round. This was the Eagles first NFC Championship appearance since the 2008–09 NFL playoffs. Though the Eagles allowed a Vikings touchdown on the opening drive, it was the Vikings only score. Case Keenum's pick-six to Patrick Robinson changed the game,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20121906\",\n \"text\": \"2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and the Virginia Tech Hokies, champions of the Coastal Division. Clemson\",\n \"title\": \"2017 ACC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20121909\",\n \"text\": \"Tiger's third straight appearance in the ACC Championship game. Source: 2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and\",\n \"title\": \"2017 ACC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807795\",\n \"text\": \"New York Giants in Week 15 helped the Eagles clinch a first-round bye for the first time in 13 years, and a Christmas Night home win over the Oakland Raiders allowed the Eagles to clinch home-field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2004. The Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10 in the Divisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since 1980 to be an underdog\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12917335\",\n \"text\": \"back-and-forth game 31–27, snapping a 4–game losing streak to the Ravens. With nine seconds remaining, Steelers receiver Antonio Brown scored the game's final points by reaching over the goal line in a play nicknamed the \\\"Immaculate Extension.\\\" The win secured the AFC North championship for Pittsburgh and eliminated Baltimore from playoff contention. On October 1, 2017, the Steelers beat the Ravens 26–9 at M&T Bank Stadium, which gave the Steelers their first win in Baltimore since 2012. The Steelers managed to sweep the Ravens in the 2017 NFL season with a high-scoring 39–38 victory at Heinz Field on December 10,\",\n \"title\": \"Ravens–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"289069\",\n \"text\": \"the Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20, to\",\n \"title\": \"New York Giants\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20435987\",\n \"text\": \"prior to the championship. 2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NAIA Football National Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807837\",\n \"text\": \"the underdogs. The Eagles entered their first playoff game as the first No.1 seeded team since the 1970 Colts to be an underdog in the playoffs. The Eagles relied on their defense to stop the 6th seeded Atlanta Falcons on their drives to prevail a 15-10 win to advance to the NFC Championship Game. In that game, against the top-ranked Minnesota Vikings defense, Nick Foles and the Eagles offense dominated drive after drive and came for 4 touchdowns and the defense bothered the Vikings all night as the Eagles destroyed the Vikings 38-7 to advance to Super Bowl LII in\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820626\",\n \"text\": \"a season in which their stadium hosted the Super Bowl. They defeated the New Orleans Saints in the Divisional Round 29–24 on a walk-off play referred to as the \\\"Minneapolis Miracle\\\", but lost 38–7 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship Game. Draft trades The Vikings' preliminary preseason schedule was announced on April 10. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL London Games NFL on Thanksgiving Day With their win against the Saints in the NFC Divisional Round, Minnesota became the first team in the Super Bowl era to advance to the conference championship\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20435984\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NAIA Football National Championship The 2017 NAIA Football National Championship was a four-round, sixteen team tournament played between November 18 and December 16 of 2017. The tournament will conclude on December 16 with a single game, played as the 62nd Annual NAIA Football National Championship . The game featured two undefeated teams that met in the semifinal round of the 2016 tournament, including the defending national champions, the #1-ranked Saint Francis Cougars. Their opponent was the #2-ranked Reinhardt Eagles, in only the 5th year of the program's existence. In the end, it was Saint Francis that prevailed by a\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NAIA Football National Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9303299\",\n \"text\": \"NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. As the number 2 seed in the NFC Playoffs, Ryan led the 11–5 Falcons to a 36–20 victory over the number 3 seeded Seattle Seahawks in the Divisional Round. Ryan passed for over 300 yards and had three touchdowns. In the NFC Championship game, Ryan led the Falcons to a 44–21 victory over the Green Bay Packers. Ryan threw for 392 yards for 4 touchdowns and no interceptions. He also ran for a fifth touchdown, just the fourth player to do so in a post-season game, as the Falcons earned a trip to Super\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Ryan (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17084788\",\n \"text\": \"2016 NFL season The 2016 NFL season was the 97th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2016, with the defending Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 21–20 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LI, the league's championship game on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston with the New England Patriots defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in overtime. For the first time since the Houston Oilers relocated to Tennessee in , an NFL team relocated to another state, as the\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2200064\",\n \"text\": \"trip to the AFC Championship Game. The Patriots then defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers, 36–17. Against the Steelers, Brady completed 32-of-42 passes for 384 yards, three touchdowns, and no interceptions. The win gave Brady and Patriots head coach Bill Belichick their record seventh conference title as a quarterback–head coach tandem, and the Patriots an NFL record ninth Super Bowl appearance. Brady and the Patriots faced the NFC champion Atlanta Falcons—who boasted the league's highest scoring offense—in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas on Sunday, February 5, 2017. Brady threw for 43 completions on 62 attempts for 466 passing\",\n \"title\": \"Tom Brady\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17261707\",\n \"text\": \"four passes for 68 yards and a touchdown in a divisional round game against the Carolina Panthers. A week later, he caught a key two-point conversion in the NFC Championship Game against the Green Bay Packers, as the Seahawks rallied to defeat the Packers 28–22 to reached consecutive Super Bowls. In Super Bowl XLIX, Willson had no catches as the Seahawks failed to repeat as champions, defeated by the New England Patriots, who rallied in the fourth quarter behind quarterback On March 17, 2017, Willson re-signed with the Seahawks. After five years in Seattle, Willson signed a one-year, $2.5 million\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Willson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18393963\",\n \"text\": \"Russell Wilson after he tripped over guard Rees Odhiambo's foot while taking a snap during the NFC Divisional Playoff against the Seattle Seahawks. The following week, Garland and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI after winning the NFC Championship. Against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI, the Falcons lost 34–28 in overtime. In 2017, Garland played in all 16 games, starting three at left guard in place of the injured Andy Levitre. On March 12, 2018, the Falcons placed a second-round restricted free agent tender on Garland. Garland was stationed at Scott Air Force Base as a Public\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Garland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15206387\",\n \"text\": \"for just the fourth time in franchise history. On January 22, 2017, Quinn's Falcons won the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers 44–21, clinching a berth to play in Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots. Up 21–3 at halftime and 28–3 in the third quarter, the Falcons blew the largest lead in Super Bowl history and lost the game in overtime by a score of 34–28. NFL head coaches under whom Quinn has served: Assistant coaches under Quinn who have become NFL head coaches: Dan Quinn (American football) Daniel Patrick Quinn (born September 11, 1970) is an\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Quinn (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19819968\",\n \"text\": \"The Falcons were the only NFC team from the 2016 playoffs to qualify for the 2017 playoffs. In the playoffs, the Falcons defeated the Los Angeles Rams in the Wild Card Round, but lost against the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Divisional round. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. In their home opener, the Falcons hosted the Green Bay Packers in a rematch of the 2016 NFC Championship Game. This was the first regular season game at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Despite prior reports that the roof would be closed for the game, Falcons owner Arthur Blank\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807652\",\n \"text\": \"Bills in week 16, the Patriots obtained their 8th consecutive 12-or-more win season stretching all the way from 2010, an NFL record. Their Week 17 victory over the New York Jets clinched their top seed in the AFC for the second straight year, thus giving the Patriots home-field advantage throughout the entire AFC playoffs for the second year in a row. The Patriots defeated the Tennessee Titans in the Divisional Round 35–14, and the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game 24–20, claiming their second consecutive AFC title. This was their seventh consecutive AFC Championship appearance, adding onto their record\",\n \"title\": \"2017 New England Patriots season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3486557\",\n \"text\": \"play by hitting Eli Manning just as he released the pass, causing an incompletion. Peppers finished the game with 3 tackles, 1 sack, 2 quarterback hits, and 2 passes defended helping the Packers beat the Giants by a score of 38–13 and advance to the divisional playoff round against the Dallas Cowboys. Peppers helped beat the Cowboys the following week 34–31, but the Packers lost a week later to the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC championship game 44–21. On March 10, 2017, Peppers signed a one-year contract to return to the Carolina Panthers. Peppers stated that while he was away\",\n \"title\": \"Julius Peppers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12843993\",\n \"text\": \"NFC Championship Game in team history, and their first appearance since the 2000 season with a 13–4 record. Brett Favre became the oldest player to start and win a playoff game, but also won his first postseason game in four against Dallas. This would be the Vikings' final win in a playoff game until (after) 2017. Coming off their dominant divisional home win over the Cowboys, the Vikings flew to the Louisiana Superdome for the NFC Championship Game against the top-seeded New Orleans Saints. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter with running back Adrian Peterson's 19-yard touchdown\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19259115\",\n \"text\": \"players Jerome Bettis, Tony Gonzalez, Ray Lewis, and Charles Woodson. The game format was nearly the same for 2017 as it had been in 2016, with some exceptions: The following players were selected to represent the AFC: The following players were selected to represent the NFC: Notes: The game was televised nationally by ESPN and broadcast via radio by Westwood One. 2017 Pro Bowl The 2017 Pro Bowl (branded as the 2017 Pro Bowl presented by Aquafina for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2016 season, which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Pro Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19121786\",\n \"text\": \"that point) coming against the Seahawks. This was speculated to be the last NFL game ever in the Georgia Dome, but when the fourth-seeded Green Bay Packers upset the top-seeded Dallas Cowboys in the other Divisional Playoff the next day, Atlanta was named the host of the NFC Championship Game, the last ever game in the Dome. This was the Falcons' final game ever in the Georgia Dome after 25 seasons, as the team moved into the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in 2017. The Falcons never trailed in the game, scoring 31 unanswered points until Rodgers threw a touchdown pass halfway through\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19554071\",\n \"text\": \"or Pacific time zones since the 1995 game, which was held at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington. North Carolina was playing in its second consecutive title game (and eleventh overall), after losing to Villanova at the buzzer the previous year. Meanwhile, Gonzaga was playing in its first-ever title game. It was the second national title game in three years – and the eighth overall – to be played between two No. 1 seeds. In his seventeenth year at the helm, Gonzaga head coach Mark Few led the team to its first Final Four and national championship game in school history,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19992852\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game The 2017 Conference USA Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at FAU Stadium in Boca Raton, Florida, and determined the 2017 football champion of Conference USA (C-USA). The game was played between Florida Atlantic, the East Division champion, and North Texas, the West Division champion. The title sponsor was Dynacraft BSC. In the 2016 championship game, hosted by WKU, the Hilltoppers had defeated Louisiana Tech 58–44. The 2017 championship game was the 13th game in the championship series and was won by Florida Atlantic, 41–17. North Texas claimed its place in\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20026011\",\n \"text\": \"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game The 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 2, 2017. This was the third year that the AAC Championship game is played. The game was a rematch of the September 30 matchup, which UCF won 40-13. The Memphis Tigers football team is a member of the American Athletic Conference in its West Division. They represented the West Division in the American Athletic Conference Championship Game. The Tigers entered the game 10–1 (7–1 in The American), their only loss coming at the hands of UCF back in September. Memphis\",\n \"title\": \"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19240340\",\n \"text\": \"2016–17 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2016 NFL season began on Saturday, January 7, 2017. The postseason tournament concluded with Super Bowl LI on Sunday, February 5, 2017, when the New England Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Source: The Raiders were one of the most dominant teams in the AFC during the season, but in the final two weeks of the regular season, they lost starting quarterback Derek Carr and second-string quarterback Matt McGloin to injuries. The Raiders lost the last game and ended up going into the playoffs with\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13290729\",\n \"text\": \"a first round bye and a playoff berth with a 14-2 record. They went on to defeat the Houston Texans in the Divisional round and the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship. On February 5, 2017, Hightower appeared in Super Bowl LI and help the Patriots overcome a 25 point deficit and defeat the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in overtime. Hightower recorded two solo tackles, one sack, and forced a fumble. On March 15, 2017, the New England Patriots signed Hightower to a four-year, $35.5 million contract that includes $17 million guaranteed and a $10 million signing bonus. It was later\",\n \"title\": \"Dont'a Hightower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18449410\",\n \"text\": \"who defeated the Washington Huskies in the Peach Bowl. Having met in the previous year's championship game, the resulting title game between Clemson and Alabama became college football's first rematch between #1 and #2 in national championship game history. The Tigers won the game 35–31 on a go-ahead touchdown with one second left, having come back from a 14–0 deficit earlier in the game. Clemson quarterback and Heisman Finalist Deshaun Watson set the record for most passing yards in a championship game with 420, breaking his own record of 405 yards set in the 2016 national championship game. Deshaun Watson\",\n \"title\": \"2017 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19798824\",\n \"text\": \"per game and 478 total points scored - tops in both categories. On Christmas Eve, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 in a Super Bowl XXXIV rematch to clinch the NFC West for the first time since 2003 and their first playoff berth since 2004. This was also their first division title as the Los Angeles Rams since the 1985 season. Their promising season came to a end as they were defeated by the No. 6 seed and defending NFC Champions, the Atlanta Falcons, 13–26 in the Wild Card Round. Coincidentally in the Rams' last playoff game in 2005,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Los Angeles Rams season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4701659\",\n \"text\": \"NFC Championship Game The NFC Championship Game (also unofficially referred to as the NFC Title Game) is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the National Football Conference (NFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with\",\n \"title\": \"NFC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20121907\",\n \"text\": \"won the game 42–35, and went on to win the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship. The championship game had been hosted in Charlotte, North Carolina from 2010 to 2015, and had been slated to host through at least 2019. However, in response to North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (HB2), the ACC voted in September 2016 to move the 2016 championship out of North Carolina. Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida was chosen as a replacement site for the 2016 game. ACC Commissioner John Swofford delayed the decision on where to hold the 2017 football Championship Game\",\n \"title\": \"2017 ACC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19913850\",\n \"text\": \"three touchdowns and two interceptions. Kamara rushed for 43 yards, while also catching six passes for 72 yards and a touchdown. This was the first conference championship game to feature a team from Florida in 15 years (the Super Bowl XXXVII champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers won the 2002 NFC championship game). New England overcame a 10-point deficit in the fourth quarter to earn the franchise's 10th Super Bowl appearance. On the opening drive of the game, Patriots quarterback Tom Brady completed a 31-yard pass to Brandin Cooks and a 20-yard pass to wide receiver Danny Amendola on fourth-and-1 as the\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16858042\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20026021\",\n \"text\": \"two teams combined for 1,479 yard of offense, and 117 points. It was the highest-scoring conference championship game in the history of FBS. UCF quarterback McKenzie Milton threw for 494 yards, and 5 touchdown passes. Memphis quarterback Riley Ferguson threw for 471 yards, and 4 touchdowns, while two Memphis running backs (Henderson and Taylor) each rushed for over 100 yards. Source: 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game The 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 2, 2017. This was the third year that the AAC Championship game is played. The game was a rematch\",\n \"title\": \"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17084797\",\n \"text\": \"four winners of these playoff games visited the top two seeded teams in each conference in the Divisional round games, which were played on the weekend of January 14–15, 2017. The winners of those games advanced to the Conference championship games, which will be held on January 22, 2017. The 2017 Pro Bowl was held at the recently renovated Camping World Stadium (the former Citrus Bowl stadium) in Orlando, Florida on January 29, 2017 and aired on ESPN. Super Bowl LI was held on February 5, 2017 at NRG Stadium in Houston on Fox. On April 25, 2016, the 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19554070\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. It determined the national champion for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 3, 2017, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona between the Gonzaga Bulldogs and the North Carolina Tar Heels. North Carolina defeated Gonzaga, 71–65, to win its sixth men's basketball national championship. This was the first national championship game to be played in a state in either the Mountain\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807827\",\n \"text\": \"loss to Seattle, and for the first time since 2013, the Eagles clinched the NFC East title. However, Carson Wentz suffered an apparent knee injury while trying to dive for a touchdown late in the third quarter. He did throw a touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery before being ruled out for the game's remainder. The Eagles were already without Darren Sproles, Jason Peters and Jordan Hicks for the rest of the year. Nick Foles would come in and replace Wentz. This was also the first matchup of the Jared Goff-Carson Wentz rivalry. Trailing by two in the final seconds, the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16778801\",\n \"text\": \"The Philadelphia Eagles finished the 2017 season atop the NFC East with a 13–3 record and clinched a playoff berth and home field advantage. On January 13, 2018, McLeod started his first career playoff game and recorded seven solo tackles and a sack on Matt Ryan during the Eagles' 15–10 victory against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Divisional round. The Eagles went on to defeat the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship and went on to face the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl. On February 4, 2018, McLeod started in Super Bowl LII and recorded six combined\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney McLeod\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19992853\",\n \"text\": \"the title game on November 11 with a 45–10 win over UTEP. Florida Atlantic clinched the East division on November 18 after defeating rivals FIU 52-24 in the Shula Bowl. The win also ensured that the Owls would host the championship game. At the time, FAU was 7–0 in C-USA play to North Texas' 6–1, with each team having one conference game to play. Although an FAU loss and North Texas win would have left the teams tied, the Owls held the tiebreaker with a head-to-head win over the Mean Green during the season. North Texas went on to play\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17473814\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LII\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820596\",\n \"text\": \"recovered at the Seattle 6-yard line, and Ty Montgomery ran in for a touchdown on the following play, giving the Packers a lead they wouldn't relinquish after that. Later Rodgers caught the Seahawks with 12 men on the field and capitalized on the free play by throwing a 32-yard touchdown to Jordy Nelson. The Packers only surrendered two field goals to Seattle for the rest of the game, giving a strong defensive showing in the season opener. In a rematch of the 2017 NFC Championship game earlier that year, the Falcons defeated the Packers to open up their new stadium.\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Green Bay Packers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19704650\",\n \"text\": \"J. B. Holmes (10), Billy Horschel (7), Mark Hubbard, John Huh, Fredrik Jacobson, Zach Johnson (5), Kang Sung-hoon, Smylie Kaufman, Jerry Kelly, Michael Kim, Chris Kirk, Kevin Kisner (10), Patton Kizzire, Brooks Koepka (10), Jason Kokrak, Matt Kuchar (6,10), Anirban Lahiri, Martin Laird, Danny Lee, Spencer Levin, David Lingmerth (9), Luke List, Andrew Loupe, Jamie Lovemark, Shane Lowry (8), Peter Malnati, Ben Martin, Graeme McDowell, Troy Merritt, Phil Mickelson (5,10), Bryce Molder, Francesco Molinari (10), Kevin Na, Noh Seung-yul, Sean O'Hair, Louis Oosthuizen (10), Ryan Palmer, Scott Piercy, Chez Reavie, Kyle Reifers, Patrick Rodgers, Charl Schwartzel (10), Adam Scott (5,8,10),\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Players Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19819970\",\n \"text\": \"the Falcons' victory, Adrian Clayborn set a new franchise record of six sacks in one game, breaking the previous record of five sacks. The win eliminated Green Bay from postseason contention. 2017 Atlanta Falcons season The 2017 season was the Atlanta Falcons' 52nd season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Dan Quinn. They entered the season as the defending NFC champions and tried to defend their NFC title for a second consecutive trip to the Super Bowl after losing the previous year against the Patriots in Super Bowl LI. This was the Falcons' first year\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18244904\",\n \"text\": \"and Celek to start the regular season. He played in the Philadelphia Eagles season-opening 30–17 victory over the Washington Redskins and recovered a fumble on a muffed punt by Redskins' wide receiver Jamison Crowder. On October 8, 2017, he caught two passes for 16-yards and made his second career touchdown reception on a 15-yard pass from Carson Wentz during a 34–7 victory over the Arizona Cardinals. On December 10, 2017, Burton recorded five receptions for 71 receiving yard and two touchdown receptions in the Eagles' NFC East Championship clinching 43–35 victory at the Los Angeles Rams. He received more playing\",\n \"title\": \"Trey Burton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19913841\",\n \"text\": \"2nd consecutive AFC Championship meeting between the 2 teams. Vikings quarterback Case Keenum's 61-yard pass to Stefon Diggs on the game's final play sent them to the NFC title game for the first time since the 2009 season and marked the first time in the NFL postseason that a game was won with a touchdown on the final play of regulation. The game has been referred to as the \\\"Minneapolis Miracle.\\\" Minnesota dominated the first half, building up a 17–0 lead. The Saints had to punt on their opening drive, and Marcus Sherels returned the ball 19 yards to the\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18487979\",\n \"text\": \"in a 36–20 NFC Divisional game victory over the Seattle Seahawks. On January 22, 2017, he forced a key fumble after he stripped the ball away from Green Bay Packers' fullback Aaron Ripkowski and recovered it, leading to a touchdown. He also made three combined tackles and a pass deflection as the Falcons routed the Green Bay Packers 44–21. In Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots, Collins had a team-high eleven total tackles in the 34–28 loss in overtime. Collins was suspended the first 10 games of the 2017 season for again violating the NFL's policy on performing\",\n \"title\": \"Jalen Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807797\",\n \"text\": \"won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18247239\",\n \"text\": \"sack against Colin Kaepernick. In Week 13, against the Los Angeles Rams, Butler intercepted rookie quarterback Jared Goff for his second interception of the season. Against the New York Jets in Week 16 on Christmas Eve, Butler had the first multi-interception game of his career: he picked off both Bryce Petty and Ryan Fitzpatrick and also recovered a fumble. Butler was named second-team All-Pro by Pro Football Focus and the Associated Press. On February 5, 2017, Butler won his second Super Bowl championship as the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons in overtime by a score of 34–28 in Super Bowl\",\n \"title\": \"Malcolm Butler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16858108\",\n \"text\": \"the third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807800\",\n \"text\": \"missing his receivers; as a result, the Eagles defense and special teams had to carry the offensive line for a 19-10 win on a cold Christmas night to seal home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs. The Eagles went on to lose a meaningless Week 17 game to the Dallas Cowboys in a shutout score of 6-0 in Nate Sudfeld's debut as an Eagle, but they finished with a record of 13-3, tying their 2004 season for that record. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Eagles kicked off the 2017 season on the road against the Redskins. The Eagles\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19437396\",\n \"text\": \"NFC South with an 11–5 record, receiving a first round bye and home field advantage throughout the playoffs. On January 13, 2017, Neal started his first career playoff game and led both teams with 11 combined tackles (ten solo) during the Falcons' 36–20 win against the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Divisional Round. The following week, the Falcons defeated the Green Bay Packers 44–21 in the NFC Championship. On February 6, 2017, Neal collected 13 combined tackles (nine solo) during the Falcons' 34–28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. Defensive coordinator Richard Smith was fired\",\n \"title\": \"Keanu Neal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19913865\",\n \"text\": \"AFC playoff games. Coverage of the NFC Wild Card and Divisional rounds was split between Fox and NBC, with each network having coverage of one game in each of those two rounds. CBS had exclusive coverage of the AFC Championship Game. Fox had exclusive coverage of the NFC Championship Game. NBC had exclusive coverage of Super Bowl LII. 2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis,\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807796\",\n \"text\": \"in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19913827\",\n \"text\": \"NFC Championship appearance since 2008, and their first at home since 2004. New England racked up eight sacks, 438 yards, and 31 first downs as they advanced to their seventh consecutive AFC Championship game. Midway through the first quarter, Tennessee drove 95 yards in 11 plays, featuring a 36-yard completion from Marcus Mariota to tight end Delanie Walker. Mariota finished the drive with a 15-yard touchdown pass to Corey Davis, who made a running one-handed catch in the back corner of the end zone to put the Titans up 7–0. However, the Patriots stormed right back, with Tom Brady completing\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807751\",\n \"text\": \"Giants to win 30-17 and improve to 7-6 and 2-3 without Elliott. Despite the win against the Giants, the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles clinched the NFC East title with the win against the Rams. The game was close all the way. The game was clinched when Derek Carr fumbled the ball out of the end zone with less than a minute left in the game, allowing the Cowboys to improve to 8–6 on the season and finish the last game without Elliott at 3–3. Elliott returned the next week. Zeke returns from his six-game suspension. With the loss,\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20435985\",\n \"text\": \"final score of 24-13. This was only the 5th time a team has managed back-to-back championships in the history of NAIA football. The championship game was played at Municipal Stadium in Daytona Beach, Florida. This was the 4th consecutive time the championship game was played at this venue after the prior six games were played at Barron Stadium in Rome, Georgia. A total of sixteen teams were selected to participate in the single-elimination tournament from across the country. The field included twelve conference champions who received automatic bids. The field was filled with at-large selections that were awarded to the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NAIA Football National Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16938342\",\n \"text\": \"which was the 13th highest grade among all qualified safteies in 2016. He was ranked 77th by fellow NFL players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. The Green Bay Packers finished atop of their division with a 10–6 record, clinching a playoff berth. They defeated the New York Giants 38–13 in the NFC Wildcard Game and defeated the Dallas Cowboys 34–31 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 22, 2017, Clinton-Dix started in the NFC Championship Game and recorded five solo tackles and two pass deflections as the Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC\",\n \"title\": \"Ha Ha Clinton-Dix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807653\",\n \"text\": \"from the previous year. The win also made Tom Brady the oldest quarterback (40 years, 163 days) to win a playoff game, surpassing Brett Favre for the record. It was also the second time they advanced to the Super Bowl two consecutive seasons since 2004. They faced the Philadelphia Eagles in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. This also made the Patriots the only team in NFL history to appear in ten Super Bowls, and gave the Patriots a chance to repeat as Super Bowl Champions for the second time in franchise history, and for the first time since 2004.\",\n \"title\": \"2017 New England Patriots season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807828\",\n \"text\": \"Rams attempted a last second comeback through lateral passes, but to no avail as a pass was fumbled with no time left on the clock, and returned by Brandon Graham for one more touchdown to add six to their lead. With the win, the Eagles advanced to 11-2 and clinched the NFC East. They also got back the #1 seed thanks to a Vikings loss to the Panthers earlier in the day. The day after the game, Wentz was revealed to have torn his ACL, officially ending his season and making Nick Foles the starting quarterback for the rest of\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12880233\",\n \"text\": \"appeared in his first career playoff game and caught five passes for 48-yards during a 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard Game. On January 15, 2017, Cook made six receptions for 103-yards and a touchdown as the Packers' defeated the Dallas Cowboys 34–31 in the NFC Divisional Round. During the fourth quarter, Cook caught a 36-yard pass from Aaron Rodgers along the sideline with three seconds remaining in the game to set up the Packers' game-winning 51-yard field goal by Mason Crosby. The following week, Cook started in the NFC Championship Game and caught seven\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Cook\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19965893\",\n \"text\": \"the 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game. No Big Ten teams were selected for the 2017 College Football Playoff. Penn State defeated Wisconsin, 38–31, for the Big Ten Football Championship Game. Ten teams participated in bowl games. Maryland lost to Boston College, 30–36, in the Quick Lane Bowl. Minnesota won, 17–12, over Washington State in the Holiday Bowl. Northwestern won over Pittsburgh, 31–24, in the Pinstripe Bowl. Indiana lost to Utah, 24–26, at the Foster Farms Bowl. Nebraska lost to Tennessee, 24–38, in the Music City Bowl. Iowa lost to Florida, 3–30, in the Outback Bowl. Michigan lost by 1\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Big Ten Conference football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20199050\",\n \"text\": \"the Beef upset the Bandits 55–45, thanks to a late touchdown with 11 seconds remaining in the game. Two days later, in the South Conference championship, the Revolution advanced to their second Champions Bowl with a 77–71 win over the Venom, their third win over the team in the 2017 season. Champions Bowl III Champions Bowl III was the third title game of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). It was played on June 23, 2017, and won by the Texas Revolution. The four teams (ordered by seeding) that made the postseason in the North Conference were the Sioux City Bandits, Omaha\",\n \"title\": \"Champions Bowl III\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20026012\",\n \"text\": \"was the second-highest scoring team in Division I FBS, second only to UCF. Memphis was seeking its second AAC championship title. The Tigers were co-champions of the AAC in 2014. The UCF Knights football team is a member of the American Athletic Conference in its East Division. They represented the East Division in the American Athletic Conference Championship Game. The Knights were the highest-scoring offense in Division I FBS, and ranked in the top ten in the nation in total yards per game, and passing yards per game. The Knights completed their football program's first undefeated regular season (11–0). The\",\n \"title\": \"2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807826\",\n \"text\": \"The Eagles defense stymied Mitchell Trubisky and the Bears offense, holding running back Jordan Howard to 6 yards on 7 rushes. Malcolm Jenkins and Corey Graham each added one interception. The Eagles struggled throughout this game with penalties and scoring blows that led them losing 24-10 to the Seattle Seahawks. With the loss, the Eagles snapped their 9-game winning streak, lost to Seattle for the fourth time since 2008 and fell to 10-2. The loss dropped them to a tie with the Minnesota Vikings for top seed in the NFC. The 10-2 Eagles bounced back from last week's heartbreaking 24-10\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20121908\",\n \"text\": \"due to the ongoing controversy. On April 19, 2017, the ACC announced that the football championship game and other neutral site conference events would return to Charlotte in 2017. Miami secured its spot in the game by winning the Coastal Division. This is the first ACC divisional title and first appearance in the ACC Championship Game for the Hurricanes. Clemson qualified for the game by winning the Atlantic Division with a 7–1 record. Their only loss was to Syracuse, while the Tigers defeated: Louisville, Boston College, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest, Georgia Tech, NC State, and Florida State. This is the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 ACC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9303300\",\n \"text\": \"Bowl LI. During the Super Bowl against the New England Patriots, Ryan finished with 284 passing yards, two touchdowns, and a lost fumble. Although the Falcons led 28–3, it became the subject of one of the most historic downfalls in sports history as the Falcons lost the Super Bowl 28–34 in overtime. On September 10, 2017, in the season opening 23–17 victory over the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field, Ryan connected with tight end Austin Hooper for an 88-yard touchdown, which was the second-longest touchdown pass of Ryan's career. In the game, Ryan was 21-of-30 for 321 yards and the\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Ryan (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16194465\",\n \"text\": \"Packers' 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard game. After defeating the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional round, the Green Bay Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship. In the loss to the Falcons, Ryan had four total tackles. Ryan and Martinez returned as the starting inside linebackers to begin the 2017 regular season. He was sidelined for a Week 3 win against the Cincinnati Bengals after sustaining a hamstring injury and concussion the previous week. December 3, 2017, Ryan recorded ten combined tackles and made his first career sack on\",\n \"title\": \"Jake Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19704649\",\n \"text\": \"D. A. Points, Jon Rahm (10,14), Patrick Reed (3,10), Cameron Smith, Jordan Spieth (3,5,7,10,14), Brendan Steele (3,14), Henrik Stenson (3,5,10), Hudson Swafford (3), Justin Thomas (3,10,14), Jhonattan Vegas (3), Jimmy Walker (3,5,10) Justin Rose (3,5,10,14) Blayne Barber, Ricky Barnes, Zac Blair, Jason Bohn, Keegan Bradley, Scott Brown, Chad Campbell, Paul Casey (10), Roberto Castro, Alex Čejka, K. J. Choi, Ben Crane, Graham DeLaet, Luke Donald, Jason Dufner (5), Harris English, Derek Fathauer, Tony Finau, Jim Furyk, Robert Garrigus, Lucas Glover, Fabián Gómez, Branden Grace (10), Emiliano Grillo (10), Bill Haas (10), James Hahn, David Hearn, Jim Herman, Charley Hoffman (10),\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Players Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19992855\",\n \"text\": \"was told where to go by the conference. Source: 2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game The 2017 Conference USA Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at FAU Stadium in Boca Raton, Florida, and determined the 2017 football champion of Conference USA (C-USA). The game was played between Florida Atlantic, the East Division champion, and North Texas, the West Division champion. The title sponsor was Dynacraft BSC. In the 2016 championship game, hosted by WKU, the Hilltoppers had defeated Louisiana Tech 58–44. The 2017 championship game was the 13th game in the championship series and was won by\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Conference USA Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19900838\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Big 12 Championship Game The 2017 Big 12 Championship Game was a college football game that was played on Saturday, December 2, 2017, at AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. The 16th Big 12 Championship Game, it determined the 2017 champion of the Big 12 Conference. The game featured the Oklahoma Sooners and the TCU Horned Frogs. This was Oklahoma's ninth appearance and was TCU's first appearance. The game was televised nationally by Fox. When the two teams met in the regular season, Oklahoma defeated TCU 38–20. This was the first time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Big 12 Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16192541\",\n \"text\": \"season, which secured their first non-losing year since 2006 (and first in Los Angeles since 1989). A week later, the Rams would defeat the Arizona Cardinals 32–16 to secure a winning season for the first time since the 2003 season. On December 24, 2017, the Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 27–23 to clinch their first NFC West title since 2003 (and first in Los Angeles since 1985). The Rams would lose in the Wild Card game against the defending NFC champion Atlanta Falcons 26–13. \\\"* Between 1946 and 1994, the Los Angeles Rams Played a total of 679 Regular Season\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Los Angeles Rams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19876806\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19554079\",\n \"text\": \"the Final Four to advance to the championship game. Meeks led the Tar Heels with a double-double – a career-high 25 points and 14 rebounds – including an important offensive rebound of a Berry missed free throw with 4.0 seconds left to clinch the victory. The game was televised in the United States by CBS. ESPN International had the media rights outside of the United States. Radio coverage in the United States was provided by Westwood One. Gonzaga led North Carolina at the half, 35–32. North Carolina outscored Gonzaga in the second half, 39–30, to win the championship. Gonzaga was\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7345217\",\n \"text\": \"a 34–7 win against the Cincinnati Bengals. He finished his 2017 campaign with 35 combined tackles (25 solo), five passes defended, and an interception in 16 games and seven starts. The Minnesota Vikings finished atop the NFC North with a 13–3 record, clinching a first round bye and home-field advantage. They reached the NFC Championship Game after defeating the New Orleans Saints 29–24 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 21, 2018, Newman started in the NFC Championship Game and record four solo tackles in the Vikings' 38–7 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. Pro Football Focus gave Newman an overall\",\n \"title\": \"Terence Newman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19798848\",\n \"text\": \"playoff game at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum since the 1978 NFC Championship Game. But the defending conference champion Falcons started off strong, capitalizing on two special teams miscues by the Rams to build a 13-0 lead on two Matt Bryant field goals and a 3-yard run by Devonta Freeman. Los Angeles rallied as Jared Goff connected with Cooper Kupp on a 14-yard touchdown pass and Sam Ficken hit a 35-yard field goal just before halftime. Todd Gurley was effective with 101 yards on just 14 carries, but the Falcons were able to control the clock, dominating time of possession\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Los Angeles Rams season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20050484\",\n \"text\": \"minutes to go Nevelle Clarke intercepted Nutile in the endzone to halt any chance of an Owls rally. The Knights improved to 10–0 on the season. The 13th-ranked Knights welcomed the 22nd-ranked Bulls (9–1) to Spectrum Stadium with the winner of the game claiming the American Athletic Conference East Division title and a spot in the 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game. The game was the first ranked match-up in the War on I-4 rivalry. The game quickly turned into an offensive shootout, with a total of 1,186 yards of offense between both teams. The game came down to\",\n \"title\": \"2017 UCF Knights football team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19913794\",\n \"text\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18465657\",\n \"text\": \"for ESPN, although Salters will still be on MNF. McDonough will be replaced by Joe Tessitore, who has done work for ESPN as a College Football announcer, like McDonough, while Jason Witten, who would end up retiring after this season, will replace Gruden, with Booger McFarland, being added as a field analyst. 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game.\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19712597\",\n \"text\": \"line. On the next play, defensive tackle Malcom Brown tackled Ravens' running back Kenneth Dixon in the backfield, resulting in a safety. On February 5, 2017, Jones was part of the Patriots team that won Super Bowl LI. In the game, the Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 34–28 in overtime. In 2017, Jones played in all 16 regular-season games with four starts as the team's nickel cornerback and core special teamer. In Week 8 against the Los Angeles Chargers, Jones intercepted Philip Rivers in the final seconds of the game to close out a 21-13 win.\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Jones (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19819969\",\n \"text\": \"elected to open the roof if weather permitted, marking the first time since the 1991 season, the team's final season at their original home of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, that the Falcons played a home game in Atlanta under open air. The Falcons controlled most of the game, went up by as much as 24, and won 34–23. They were led by Devonta Freeman (19 rushes, 84 yards, 2 TD) and Julio Jones (108 yards, 5 receptions). The 2017 Falcons became only the fourth team in NFL history to start 2–0 after they lost the Super Bowl the previous year. In\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Atlanta Falcons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19820041\",\n \"text\": \"Graham Gano, Carolina was down by seven at the half. Alvin Kamara scored a touchdown (Lutz kick) in the third, again increasing New Orleans' lead to 14 points. In the fourth quarter New Orleans scored 3 and Carolina scored 7. The Saints were too much for Carolina and won 31–21. Carolina fell to 8–4. In a game featuring two of the NFC's best teams, Carolina was able to hold off the Vikings and win 31–24. The Panthers improved to 9–4. The Panthers spoiled Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers' return by intercepting three passes and winning 31–24. They also improved to 10–4.\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Carolina Panthers season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807770\",\n \"text\": \"and against a heavily favored Broncos team, the Giants pulled a massive upset to snap a 5-game losing streak and defeat Denver for the first time since 2005. This is also Manning's first career win in Denver. Janoris Jenkins returned a Trevor Siemian interception for a touchdown in the win, his first as a member of the Giants and Orleans Darkwa had his first 100-yard game. This game was the first time the Giants played an interconference game on CBS since the 1993 season finale on January 2, 1994 against the Cowboys (before Fox took over the NFC contract in\",\n \"title\": \"2017 New York Giants season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20010110\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, determining the national champion for the 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The match was played on December 10, 2017 at Talen Energy Stadium in Chester, Pennsylvania, a soccer-specific stadium that is home to Major League Soccer club, Philadelphia Union. The match was contested between Stanford of the Pac-12 Conference and, Indiana of the Big Ten Conference. After 90 minutes of scoreless, the match was decided in the second\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16668357\",\n \"text\": \"one realignment proposal did have the Titans in the AFC North. Despite that, the Steelers and Titans have still played each other rather frequently, having only \\\"not\\\" played each other four times. Their most recent matchup was a Thursday Night game on November 16, during the 2017 NFL season at Heinz Field. Perhaps the most notable matchup since realignment came in 2008, when the two met in Nashville in a game that determined home-field advantage in the AFC playoffs and a possible preview of the AFC Championship Game. LenDale White and Keith Bulluck stepped on a Terrible Towel after the\",\n \"title\": \"Steelers–Titans rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807838\",\n \"text\": \"a Super Bowl XXXIX rematch with the New England Patriots. Foles had his best performance since Week 15, and his third best as an Eagles player, throwing for 352 yards and 4 touchdowns. The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl title in franchise history, and their first championship since 1960. During the game, a trick play, known as the Philly Special was called where three players combined for a touchdown at 4th-and-Goal before halftime. Nick Foles was name the Super Bowl MVP, the first backup player or quarterback to earn this award. Foles was 28-of-43\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17627196\",\n \"text\": \"Conference Championship, as well as an upset victory over sixth-ranked Baylor in the 2014 Fiesta Bowl. In 2017, Bortles helped the Jacksonville Jaguars reach the playoffs for the first time since 2007, defeating the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers on their way to their first AFC Championship Game since 1999. The Jaguars lost to the New England Patriots 20–24. Bortles attended Oviedo High School in Oviedo, Florida, where he excelled in football and baseball for the Lions athletic teams. As a senior, he completed 151 of 233 passes for 2,211 yards with 27 touchdowns and seven interceptions. He finished\",\n \"title\": \"Blake Bortles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14786626\",\n \"text\": \"reached the playoffs with a 11–5 record. In the Divisional Round against the Seattle Seahawks, he finished with four receptions for 44 yards and a touchdown in the 36–20 victory. In the NFC Championship against the Green Bay Packers, he finished with five receptions for 52 yards and a touchdown in the final NFL Game in the Georgia Dome. The Falcons reached Super Bowl LI, playing against the New England Patriots. During the Super Bowl, Sanu had two receptions for 25 yards in the 34–28 overtime defeat against the Patriots. In Week 2 of the 2017 NFL season, against the\",\n \"title\": \"Mohamed Sanu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20005100\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game The 2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The seventh annual Big Ten Football Championship Game, it determined the 2017 champion of the Big Ten Conference. The 2017 Championship Game was the seventh in the Big Ten's 122-year history and the fourth to feature the conference's East and West alignment. Last season, the Big Ten Championship Game featured the Penn State Nittany Lions, champions of the East Division and the Wisconsin Badgers, champions of the West Division. The #4 Wisconsin Badgers represented\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Big Ten Football Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19807747\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs at AT&T Stadium November 5. With Ezekiel Elliott playing on a last-minute stay of his looming suspension and carrying the ball 27 times for 93 yards and one touchdown, and Dak Prescott throwing two touchdown passes to Cole Beasley, running for another score and finding receiver Terrance Williams nine times for a game high 141 yards, the Cowboys notched their third straight victory by a score of 28–17 and improved their record to 5–3 at AT&T Stadium against the AFC West division leading Kansas City Chiefs. Two long touchdown drives in the second half lifted Dallas to the win\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Dallas Cowboys season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9451363\",\n \"text\": \"his career. Clemson won the ACC championship and secured its second trip to the CFP National Championship with a 31–0 shutout of semi-finalist #3 Ohio State in the 2016 Fiesta Bowl. The Tigers competed in the College Football Playoff National Championship game in Tampa, Florida on January 9, 2017, beating the previously undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide 35–31 on a game-winning touchdown with one second remaining, and winning the 2016 National Championship. The Clemson-South Carolina rivalry which dates back to 1896 is the largest annual sporting event in terms of ticket sales in the state of South Carolina. From 1896 to\",\n \"title\": \"Clemson Tigers football\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19935697\",\n \"text\": \"2017 NRL Grand Final The 2017 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2017 National Rugby League season and was played on Sunday October 1 at Sydney's ANZ Stadium. The match was contested between minor premiers the Melbourne Storm and the eighth-placed North Queensland Cowboys. The Storm won the match 34 – 6 to claim their third premiership title. Melbourne fullback Billy Slater was awarded his second Clive Churchill Medal as the game's official man of the match. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by American rapper Macklemore, who attracted controversy for his scheduled performance of \\\"Same Love\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20533996\",\n \"text\": \"Minneapolis Miracle The Minneapolis Miracle (also known as the Minnesota Miracle) was the National Football Conference (NFC) divisional playoff game between the Minnesota Vikings and the New Orleans Saints on January 14, 2018, and specifically its final play. The game was played as part of the National Football League (NFL)'s 2017–18 playoffs. The Saints came back from a 17–0 first-half deficit and established a 24–23 lead with 25 seconds remaining in the contest. On the last play of the game, Vikings quarterback Case Keenum threw a 27-yard pass to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, who evaded Saints safety Marcus Williams and\",\n \"title\": \"Minneapolis Miracle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4453860\",\n \"text\": \"AFC Championship Game The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the American Football Conference (AFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with the merged league realigning into two conferences. Since 1984,\",\n \"title\": \"AFC Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20105822\",\n \"text\": \"2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major\",\n \"title\": \"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19533451\",\n \"text\": \"2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \\\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\\\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the\",\n \"title\": \"2017 World Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16858061\",\n \"text\": \"run by defeating the fourth-seeded Houston Texans in the Divisional Round, 34–16. The next week, in the AFC Championship Game, the Patriots defeated the third-seeded Pittsburgh Steelers 36-17. The Falcons, with the NFC's #2 seed, began their postseason run by defeating the third-seeded Seattle Seahawks in the Divisional Round, 36–20, racking up 422 yards. The next week, in the last NFL game ever played at the Georgia Dome, the Falcons racked up 493 total yards as they defeated the fourth-seeded Green Bay Packers 44–21 to win the NFC Championship. As the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl LI\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18293681\",\n \"text\": \"Lamar Jackson was awarded the Heisman Trophy for his efforts and performances throughout the 2016 season, finishing with nearly twice as many first place votes as Watson. After defeating Ohio State 31–0 in the CFP semifinal (Fiesta Bowl) and receiving the offensive MVP award for his efforts, Clemson defeated No. 1 Alabama 35–31 in the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship. Watson completed 36-of-56 passes for 420 yards and three touchdowns against the nation's top-ranked defense, including the last-second game-winning pass to wide receiver, Hunter Renfrow. He also rushed for 43 yards and a touchdown. This gave the Clemson Tigers\",\n \"title\": \"Deshaun Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19240380\",\n \"text\": \"yards. Osweiler completed 23 of 40 passes for 198 yards and a touchdown, with three interceptions. The Patriots advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the sixth consecutive year, surpassing the Oakland Raiders of 1973 to 1977 for most consecutive appearances in conference championship games. Uniforms: - Dallas: White tops; green/silver pants with blue and white accents; blue socks; silver helmet with dark blue and white accents and blue star. - Green Bay: Green tops; gold pants with green and white accents; green and white socks; gold helmet with green and white accents and stylized white \\\"G\\\" with green background.\",\n \"title\": \"2016–17 NFL playoffs\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who played in the 2017 nfc championship game"}}},{"rowIdx":278,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["January 7, 2018"],"string":"[\n \"January 7, 2018\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"18748926","text":"p.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of \"Dragon Ball Super\" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on Adult Swim. Toonami Africa started airing Dragon Ball Super in Fall 2017 at 15:00 CAT (Central African Time) with an edited Funimation English Dub. In Australia, ABC Me started airing Dragon Ball Super on November 3, 2018, with a new episode every Saturday at 2:45 pm. Norihito Sumitomo, the composer for \"Battle of Gods\"","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748924","text":"April 1, 2018. According to Amazon Japan, the final Blu-ray set indicated the series' end at episode 131. The series ended on March 25, 2018, with the conclusion of the \"Universe Survival Saga\". Fuji TV stated that no definite plans were made to either continue the series at a later date or discontinue it entirely. \"Dragon Ball Super\" received an English-language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India on January 21, 2017. This dub is produced by Los Angeles based Bang Zoom! Entertainment for the Asian market. A sneak preview of the English dub's first","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748932","text":"released a week later. The first trailer was released at San Diego Comic-Con International 2018. The second trailer was released on October 4, 2018. The English version of the second trailer was released on October 5, 2018. The anime episodes are being released on Japanese Blu-ray and DVD sets that contain twelve episodes each. The first set was released on December 2, 2015. The second set was released on March 2, 2016. The third set was released on July 2, 2016. The fourth set was released on October 4, 2016. Bandai announced that a line of \"Dragon Ball Super\" toys","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748923","text":"Yamadera and Masakazu Morita also return as Beerus and Whis, respectively. The first preview of the series aired on June 14, 2015, following episode 164 of \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\". The next day, the main promotional image for \"Dragon Ball Super\" was added to its official website and unveiled two new characters, who were later revealed to be named Champa and Vados, respectively. A thirty-second trailer including the new characters was uploaded to the series' official website on June 26, 2015. On January 19, 2018, it was revealed that \"Super\"'s timeslot will be replaced with \"GeGeGe no Kitarō\" starting on","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748938","text":"Zamasu.\" The final arc, \"Universe Survival Arc,\" garnered much more positive reception than previous arcs. Several episodes such as 109/110 and 116 have been cited as some of the Super series' best episodes; WatchMojo.com listed the fight between Goku and Jiren in episodes 109/110 as the best anime fight of 2017. Despite this praise, Jay Gibbs of ComicsVerse criticized the series for its inconsistent narrative, having heard \"an explanation within an episode, then see that very explanation invalidated seconds later.\" Episodes 130 and 131 were live streamed in several cities in Mexico, El Salvador, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua for free","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748922","text":"Omega\" (episodes #1–51), began sharing the series director credit with Chioka beginning with episode #33, before taking it over completely with #47. From episode #68 to #76, Morio Hatano shared the role of series director with Kōhei Hatano (no relation), another storyboard artist and episode director for the series. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Son Goku, Son Gohan, and Son Goten. Most of the original cast reprise their roles as well. However, Jōji Yanami's roles as Kaiō-sama and the narrator were indefinitely taken over by Naoki Tatsuta as of episode 12, so that Yanami could take medical leave. Kōichi","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"11803016","text":"on Sunday nights. \"Dragon Ball Super\" replaced \"Dragon Ball Z\"'s late night time slot from 1 January 2018 onwards. In September 2018 Cartoon Network India started to premiere new shows such as \"Unikitty\", \"OK K.O! Let's Be Heroes\", \"\" and \"Running Man\". Cartoon Network HD+ launched on April 15, 2018. It features new episodes of Cartoon Network originals like \"Adventure Time\", \"The Amazing World of Gumball\" and exclusive content. Zee TV launched a Cartoon Network programming block in 2002. The block featured programs like Scooby-Doo, , The Powerpuff Girls, Dexter's Laboratory, Pinky and the Brain, Samurai Jack, The Real Adventures","title":"Cartoon Network (India)"},{"id":"5789134","text":"2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:","title":"Wild 'n Out"},{"id":"18748929","text":"for episodes 73 to 83 is by The Collectors. The eighth ending theme song for episodes 84 to 96 is \"Boogie Back\" by Miyu Inoue. The ninth ending theme song for episodes 97 to 108 is by Lacco Tower. The tenth ending theme song for episodes 109 to 121 is by RottenGraffty. The eleventh ending theme song for episodes 122 to 131 is \"Lagrima\" by OnePixcel. \"Dragon Ball Super\" is also a manga illustrated by artist Toyotarou, who was previously responsible for the official \"Resurrection 'F\"' manga adaptation. Toyotarou explained that he receives the major plot points from Toriyama, before","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748927","text":"and \"Resurrection 'F\"', is scoring \"Dragon Ball Super\". An original soundtrack for the anime was released on CD by Nippon Columbia on February 24, 2016. The first opening theme song for episodes 1 to 76 is by Kazuya Yoshii of The Yellow Monkey. The lyrics were penned by Yukinojo Mori who has written numerous songs for the \"Dragon Ball\" series. The second opening theme song for episodes 77 to 131 is by enka singer Kiyoshi Hikawa. Mori wrote the lyrics for the rock song, while Takafumi Iwasaki composed the music. The first ending theme song for episodes 1 to 12","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"19384065","text":"world. \"Note\": episodes 1, 6, 12, 20 and 26 are full-episode stories instead of 2 stories per episode. The show premiered on Disney XD in the United States on July 5, 2016, and premiered on February 25, 2017 in Southeast Asia, and at unknown date in Taiwan and Latin America. On October 15, 2016, it first aired in Australia on ABC Me. In France, it first aired on Canal J on March 18, 2017. In the U.K., it started airing on CITV on April 3, 2017, In the Germany, it started airing on Super RTL on TBA. It has now","title":"Fangbone!"},{"id":"10190716","text":"Funimation titled it for their dub, aired on March 26, 1997, between episodes 41 and 42, serving as a kind of precursor to the epilogue to the series shown at the end of episode 64. On April 28, 2015, Toei Animation announced , the first all-new \"Dragon Ball\" television series to be released in 18 years. It debuted on July 5 and ran as a weekly series at 9:00 am on Fuji TV on Sundays until its series finale on March 25, 2018 after 131 episodes. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Goku, Gohan, and Goten. Most of the original","title":"Dragon Ball"},{"id":"19377323","text":"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014","title":"Big Hero 6: The Series"},{"id":"18748940","text":"56,947 copies in their debut weeks respectively. Volume three was the fourth best-selling for its week with 92,114 copies sold, and volume four was fourth its week with 150,889. According to Nielsen BookScan, the English version of volume one was the second best-selling graphic novel of May 2017, the ninth of June, the fourteenth of July, and the eighteenth of August. Volumes 1 and 2 sold 594,342 copies , volume 3 sold 236,720 copies , volume 4 sold 267,417 copies , volume 5 sold 400,000 copies , volume 6 sold 216,871 copies , and volume 7 sold 208,796 copies .","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"2150504","text":"Guy\", \"American Dad!\", \"Bob's Burgers\", \"Mission Hill\", \"The Cleveland Show\", \"The Oblongs\", \"Final Space\", \"King of the Hill\", and \"Futurama\" (the latter three series have since moved to Comedy Central, with \"Futurama\" also airing on Syfy). The channel additionally shows anime series. Since May 26, 2012, block-within-a-block Toonami broadcasts Saturday nights, with shows such as \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\", \"My Hero Academia\", \"\", \"\", \"Dragon Ball Super\", \"FLCL Alternative\", \"Attack on Titan\", \"\", \"Black Clover\", \"Hunter × Hunter\", \"One-Punch Man\", \"Lupin the Third Part IV\", and \"Cowboy Bebop\". Some Cartoon Network programming has also aired on Adult Swim, such as","title":"Adult Swim"},{"id":"19721949","text":"The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,","title":"DuckTales (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"10409878","text":"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th","title":"2007 New York Dragons season"},{"id":"20397470","text":"March 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in \"Saikyō Jump\" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside \"Ultimate Charisma Mission!!\". In May 2018, \"V Jump\" announced a promotional anime for \"Super Dragon Ball Heroes\" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first","title":"Dragon Ball Heroes"},{"id":"18748921","text":"scriptwriters have been compiling and expanded the story content into individual episodes, making various changes and additions, and generally doing their best to make the story more interesting.\" In addition to new characters designed by Toriyama, other characters for the \"Universe Survival arc\" were designed by Toyotarou, artist of the manga version, and a few by both. Toei Animation producer Atsushi Kido previously worked on \"Dragon Ball Z\" for a brief time during the Freeza arc, while Fuji TV producer Osamu Nozaki said he has been a fan of the series since childhood. Morio Hatano, series director of \"Saint Seiya","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748933","text":"would be available in the United States in summer 2017. Bandai has also announced the updated \"Dragon Ball Super Card Game\" that starts with one starter deck, one special pack containing 4 booster packs and a promotional Vegeta card and a booster box with 24 packs. It was released on July 28, 2017. A line of six \"Dragon Ball Super\" Happy Meal toys were made available at Japanese McDonald's restaurants in May 2017. The average audience TV rating in Japan was 5.6% (Kanto region). The maximum audience rating was 8.4% (Episode 47) and the lowest rating was 3.5% (Episodes 109-110).","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"19387443","text":"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The","title":"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"10409773","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Dallas Desperados season"},{"id":"19939298","text":"August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second","title":"Andi Mack"},{"id":"17301517","text":"president and representative. In March 2017, Bandai Namco purchased the entirety of Anime Consortium Japan for 2.1 billion yen. On August 1, 2017, Daisuki released a statement announcing the closure of their operations effective October 31, 2017. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017 at 11:59 JST. Despite this, Daisuki would continue to stream \"Dragon Ball Super\". Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an","title":"Daisuki (website)"},{"id":"18748925","text":"episode aired on December 17, 2016. Production on the Bang Zoom! dub ended after episode 27. On November 4, 2016, Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to \"Dragon Ball Super\" and would be producing an English dub, with many cast members of their previous English-language releases of \"Dragon Ball\" media reprising their respective roles. As well as officially announcing the dub, it was also announced they would be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform, \"FunimationNow\". On December 7, 2016, IGN reported that the Funimation English dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" would air on Adult Swim Saturdays at 8","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"7219818","text":"21, 2012 by Marvelous Entertainment in Japan. On July 18, 2018, Discotek Media licensed the show for home video release, with the first 101 episodes coming on a 2-disc SD on BD set September 25, 2018, then the other 102 episodes coming October 30, 2018. An original video animation was produced under the same staff and cast and was released in October 2009 during the annual Jump Super Anime Tour. It was released by Pony Canyon on DVD on July 21, 2010, under the title . The DVD version included a short version showed on the tour and a complete","title":"Reborn!"},{"id":"10411020","text":"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd","title":"2007 Nashville Kats season"},{"id":"10416126","text":"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:","title":"2007 Utah Blaze season"},{"id":"20841684","text":"episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28","title":"Episode 1094"},{"id":"1691702","text":"Sir John Worthing, which aired on June 25, 2011. He has appeared on \"Supernatural\" in the episode \"Shut Up, Dr. Phil\", which aired October 21, 2011, alongside fellow Buffyverse co-star Charisma Carpenter. He also appeared in \"Warehouse 13\" as Bennett Sutton, which aired in 2013. He also voices Zamasu in the Funimation dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" (and its video games) under the stage names of \"David Gray\" and \"Sam Majesters\". Marsters had played in bands and solo in bars and clubs for many years and enjoyed several successful sell-out solo gigs at Los Angeles clubs before forming a band.","title":"James Marsters"},{"id":"10409701","text":"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:","title":"2007 Orlando Predators season"},{"id":"19539167","text":"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"17301513","text":"Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an anime content joint venture financed by Asatsu-DK, Bandai Namco, the Cool Japan Fund, and several Japanese anime studios, and which is currently managed by Bandai Namco. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017, at 11:59 JST. However, streaming of \"Dragon Ball Super\" continued until February 22, 2018, when it was transferred to DRAGON BALL SUPER CARD GAME.","title":"Daisuki (website)"},{"id":"11803015","text":"started airing \"Oggy and the Cockroaches\" from Season 5 onwards. Like before it airs continuously throughout the day. Cartoon Network also aired some classic shows during weekend nights on a block called \"Get Tooned with Toonami\", but was abruptly discontinued in October in favour of \"Dragon Ball Super\". On 1 September 2017 the Bang Zoom dub of \"Dragon Ball Super\" started airing weekends on Cartoon Network at a late time slot without any promotion. It was previously aired on Toonami until it became a classic cartoon channel. In mid December 2017 Cartoon Network quietly started airing \"Dragon Ball Z\" movies","title":"Cartoon Network (India)"},{"id":"17171845","text":"May 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In the UK, it premiered on BBC Two on 27 July 2017, and the entire series was released on the BBC iPlayer immediately afterwards. In the US, it premiered in September 2017, on Sundance TV, and each episode will be available on Hulu the day after its screening on SundanceTV. In Canada, \"China Girl\" premiered on 25 October 2017, on CBC Television. Reviews of \"Top of the Lake\" have been positive, referring to the series as \"masterfully made\", \"beautiful\", \"mysterious\", \"riveting\", and \"a masterpiece\". It received a score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic","title":"Top of the Lake"},{"id":"19313870","text":"K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A","title":"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes"},{"id":"18748939","text":"in public venues. Even though the fan reaction has been polarizing, Dragon Ball Super has been criticized by fans for lacking the mild blood and gore that was present in its predecessor Dragon Ball Z. This is, however, due to the fact that the series is targeted towards a younger demographic than the previous installments, and as such censorship would not allow such content to be shown on a television program targeted towards children. All four volumes of \"Dragon Ball Super\"s manga adaptation have charted on Oricon's weekly list of the best-selling manga; volumes one and two sold 29,995 and","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"18748934","text":"First impressions of the series' debut episode were mostly positive with the quality of animation being praised the most. Richard Eisenbeis of Kotaku praised the series' title sequence and said \"My middle-school self is so happy right now, you guys.\" Jamieson Cox of \"The Verge\" also praised the title sequence and said that \"\"Dragon Ball Super\"'s intro will have you begging for its North American release\". Cox was also surprised that, considering how popular the franchise is, the series did not launch internationally at the same time. He called it \"a move that wouldn't be unprecedented\" giving \"Sailor Moon Crystal\"","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"16651789","text":"9:00pm. Toei Animation producer Gyarmath Bogdan confirmed through Twitter that the broadcast included up to twenty minutes of extra scenes and additional footage. The broadcast earned an average household rating of 13.1%. The 2015 \"\" film is a sequel to \"Battle of Gods\" and features Beerus and Whis. The first story arc of \"Dragon Ball Super\" is a retelling of sorts of \"Battle of Gods\", though some events are altered or expanded in the series' version of events. The \"Battle of Gods\" arc covers episodes 1-14. \"Battle of Gods\" is the first-ever Japanese film to be screened at IMAX Digital","title":"Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods"},{"id":"1481670","text":"FLCL The six-episode series was released in Japan from April 2000 to March 2001 alongside a manga and novel. It originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim in August 2003, where it managed to gain a significant cult following and was widely acclaimed, despite its short length. It aired in the U.S. again in the next years and later also on the network's Toonami block from October 2013 to January 2014, and then again in April 2018. The series is also available via iTunes, Adult Swim.com and Funimation's website. In 2016, two new seasons totaling 12 episodes were","title":"FLCL"},{"id":"12623282","text":"cut Toonami completely. The movies were no longer aired. After its cancellation in Latin America on March 26, 2007, the block's programming gradually vanished. In January 2010, the block \"Animaction\" was created, showing on Wednesday evenings. This block broadcast both action programming and anime programming before it was removed in April 2011. Currently, the only anime which air on CN LA are \"Beyblade Burst\", \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\", \"Dragon Ball Super\", \"Pokémon\", \"Mecard\" and \"Captain Tsubasa\". Cartoon Network (Latin America) Cartoon Network Latin America () () is a satellite and cable television channel distributed by AT&T for the Latin American","title":"Cartoon Network (Latin America)"},{"id":"18748937","text":"its previous episodes. However, the \"Champa Arc\" was praised for improving its animation. Episode 39 of the series was critically acclaimed for its improved animation and praised fighting sequences. Attack of the Fanboy reported that \"Dragon Ball Super\" episode 39 may be the best installment of the series to date. Goku and Hit's fight \"starts off explosively from the get-go.\" The \"Future Trunks Arc\" also garnered positive reception from fans and critics alike. IGN's Shawn Saris acclaiming Episode 66, stating that, \"Episode 66 of \"Dragon Ball Supe\"r has a few missteps but ultimately leads to a great final battle with","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"19948058","text":"Iron Sharpens Iron (May 3, 2017) Episode 4: Piece of Us (May 10, 2017) Episode 5: A Brutal Business (May 17, 2017) Episode 6: Let Me Bang! (May 24, 2017) Episode 7: Dark Horse (May 31, 2017) Episode 8: Kryptonite (June 7, 2017) Episode 9: Killashaw (June 14, 2017) Episode 10: Time to Smash (June 21, 2017) Episode 11: Embrace the Snake (June 28, 2017) Episode 12: The Winner's Circle (July 5, 2017) The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on","title":"The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption"},{"id":"18479137","text":"the United Kingdom, with the first season added on Amazon Prime on October 16, 2015, and second-season episodes to be released immediately after initial broadcast in the United States. In Australia, the series premiered on Presto on August 14, 2015. Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the first three seasons on DVD and Blu-ray. The first season was released on January 12, 2016. It contains all 10 episodes, plus deleted scenes, gag reel, making-of featurette, and UltraViolet digital copies of the episodes. The second season was released on January 10, 2017. The third season was released on March 27, 2018. In","title":"Mr. Robot"},{"id":"18532496","text":"cast as Rand in February 2016. Metzner was revealed as the series' new showrunner in July 2017. Filming for the series takes place in New York City. All 13 episodes of the first season premiered on March 17, 2017. They received generally negative reviews from critics. Despite the critical reception, third-party data analytics determined the series had strong viewership. A second season, consisting of 10 episodes, was ordered in July 2017, and was released on September 7, 2018 to a more mixed to positive reception. On October 12, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after two seasons. After being presumed dead","title":"Iron Fist (TV series)"},{"id":"13641279","text":"daily Monday through Friday line-up. As a result of Cartoon Network losing the rights to the show, all \"Super Hero Squad\" content has been removed from the network's website except for video clips on YouTube. The series first premiered on Teletoon in Canada on Sunday, September 13, 2009 at 8:30am (ET) as part of the network's Action Force block. The show returned on Teletoon on Sunday, February 6, 2011 at 7:00am (ET) for the debut of the second season. All 52 episodes aired in Canada, ending on July 10, 2011. The series premiered on December 4, 2009 in Australia, on","title":"The Super Hero Squad Show"},{"id":"1571218","text":"third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs","title":"Voltron"},{"id":"18474435","text":"Johnson, and Scott Porter were confirmed to continue voicework for the new season. The game supports the new Crowd Play feature that Telltale introduced in \"\", allowing up to 2,000 audience members to vote on decisions for the player using Twitch or other streaming services. On August 3, 2017, Telltale announced that Episode 2, \"Giant Consequences\", was released on August 15. On September 19, 2017, Episode 3 \"Jailhouse Block\" was released. The fourth episode, \"Below the Bedrock\", was released on November 7, 2017. The fifth episode and season finale, \"Above And Beyond\" was released on December 19, 2017. \"Minecraft: Story","title":"Minecraft: Story Mode"},{"id":"20285267","text":"App on August 27, 2018 and debuting on television on September 1, 2018; starting with the third episode, subsequent episodes are released in advance on Fridays on the Cartoon Network App before the television broadcast. In Canada, the series premiered on Teletoon on September 16, 2018 and YTV on September 28, 2018. Internationally, the series premiered on RTL 7 in the Netherlands on September 2, 2018, on Cartoon Network on September 29, 2018 in Australia, October 2, 2018 in Latin America, October 27, 2018 in India, Central and Eastern Europe, and the United Kingdom, and on Gulli on October 7,","title":"Transformers: Cyberverse"},{"id":"20797323","text":"The Saiyans\". A poster was released on March 13, 2018, 11 days before the airing of the final episode of \"Dragon Ball Super\", featuring an entirely new traditional animation design by Toei animator Naohiro Shintani, as opposed to veteran \"Dragon Ball\" character designer Tadayoshi Yamamuro. One week later, the first trailer for the film was released publicly through Toei Animation featuring the all–new character designs and an enigmatic new villain. Akira Toriyama wrote the story, screenplay and designed the characters, Tatsuya Nagamine is film director, Naohiro Shintani is animation director, Kazuo Ogura is serving as art director, Rumiko Nagai as","title":"Dragon Ball Super: Broly"},{"id":"17424151","text":"man in \"The Godfather Part II\" in 1974. \"The Super\" aired on ABC at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday throughout its brief run. It never gained the audience that \"All in the Family\" and \"Sanford and Son\" did, and was cancelled after only 10 episodes had aired; its eleventh and twelfth episodes, preempted by television coverage of the 1972 Summer Olympic Games on August 30 and September 6, 1972, respectively, were never broadcast. The Super (TV series) The Super is an American sitcom television series starring Richard S. Castellano which centers on the superintendent of an apartment building in","title":"The Super (TV series)"},{"id":"19700208","text":"August 2016, the short was again made available to stream until 31 March 2017. The first episode of the two-part special premiered on NHK's BS Premium channel on 18 February 2017, and the second episode aired on 25 February 2017. Each episode is 45 minutes long. The special aired dubbed on NHK World with the first episode airing on 17 March 2017 and the second episode airing the next day. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the special for home video distribution in North America. Reviewing the first two seasons of Animator Expo for Anime News Network, Kevin Cirugeda recommended the short","title":"The Dragon Dentist"},{"id":"2022780","text":"released the series in DVD box sets; the first (beginning with episode 17) in October 2005 and finished in November 2007 with the first 16 episodes as a \"Lost Episode\" box set. Two years later, they began releasing the series again in DVD \"remastered season\" sets that finally put the episodes in proper chronological order; the first on December 9, 2008 and the second on February 10, 2009. A Game Boy Advance Video cartridge containing the episodes \"A Grand Problem\" and \"Pan's Gambit\" was released on September 7, 2004 by Majesco Entertainment. A complete series DVD box set including was","title":"Dragon Ball GT"},{"id":"18626976","text":"The series premiered in Australia on 15 September 2015 on the Seven Network and premiered in New Zealand on 5 November 2015 on TVNZ 1. In the United States, the series premiered on Acorn TV in 2016 and PBS in March 2017. The series premiered in Finland on YLE TV1 in June 2017. In the UK, the first two series were broadcast on BBC One in April and May 2018. Season one along with part one and two of season two are available on iTunes in Australia. On 8 January 2018, Zomer in Zeeland (translated: \"Summer in Zeeland\") premiered on","title":"800 Words"},{"id":"20318973","text":"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on","title":"19-2 (2014 TV series)"},{"id":"18545346","text":"of the issues that made CBS wary to renew the series on their network. Filming for the third season began in Vancouver on July 6, 2017, and ended on April 28, 2018. In Canada, \"Supergirl\" aired in a sim-subbed simulcast on Global with the American broadcast in the first season; the second season saw it move to Showcase in the same arrangement. The series premiered on October 29, 2015, in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The series premiered in Australia on December 6, 2015, on FOX8. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 92% approval rating","title":"Supergirl (TV series)"},{"id":"18832821","text":"English dub. Part 1 (Episodes 1-13) has been released on July 24, 2018 with a collector's box to store the later three parts, and Part 2 (Episodes 14-26) on September 18, 2018. Part 3 (Episodes 27-40) will be released on November 13, 2018, and Part 4 (Episodes 41-50) on January 8, 2019. Chinese streaming site iQiyi has listed the series with fifty episodes. The anime is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll (with home video distribution from Funimation) and in the UK by Anime Limited. Yoshiaki Sukeno began serializing the manga in Shueisha's \"Jump Square\" magazine on October 4, 2013.","title":"Twin Star Exorcists"},{"id":"18547577","text":"\"Médiévalia\" in the original French version and occasionally in the English version too. Note: Doctor X is referred to as “Professor X” in some episodes, whilst the Black Baron is frequently called “the Dark Baron” or simply “the Baron”. The first 13 episodes have an instrumental theme tune, whilst episodes 14-52 have a theme song with English lyrics. A second season started to air on weekday afternoons on CITV on 27 February 2017, and weekday mornings on KidsClick on April 2, 2018 until September 21, 2018. The episodes are being broadcast out of order, e.g. new character Rock Brock is","title":"Super 4 (TV series)"},{"id":"18581479","text":"September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September","title":"Top-rated United States television programs by season"},{"id":"18812653","text":"The network burned off two of the unaired episodes on June 12, 2016, with the last one airing on June 26, 2016. The first seven episodes aired Sunday at 8:30 pm. Episodes 8, 9, 10 and 12 aired at 7:30 pm. Episodes 11 and 13 aired at 7:00 pm. The show has met an average response from critics. On Metacritic, it has a score of 51/100 based on 14 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a score of 50% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The critical consensus reads: \"\"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life\" wins","title":"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life"},{"id":"10190694","text":"which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. Toriyama's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled \"Dragon Ball GT\" (1996–1997) and \"Dragon Ball Super\" (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version of \"Dragon Ball Z\"","title":"Dragon Ball"},{"id":"20596480","text":"in January 2018 that Sony reported cost $14 million to make but other sources listed at as high as $30 million. The soundtrack for the film was curated by American rapper Future, who also acted as a producer on the film. It features 13 new and previously released songs, as well as guest appearances from Miguel, Lil Wayne, Khalid, Ty Dolla Sign, Young Thug, PartyNextDoor, H.E.R., Gunna, Sleepy Brown, and Yung Bans, among others. \"Superfly\" was initially scheduled to be released on June 15, 2018. Three weeks prior, it was moved up two days to June 13, 2018, in order","title":"Superfly (2018 film)"},{"id":"18748931","text":"on April 4, 2016. Viz Media began posting free English translations of the manga chapters to their website on June 24, 2016. A print release of the first volume followed in spring 2017. The animated film, \"\", is the first film in the franchise to be produced under the \"Dragon Ball Super\" title. The film will be released on December 14, 2018. It will be a continuation to the series that will act as a new arc. A poster showcasing the film's new art style was released on March 12, 2018. A teaser depicting Goku facing off against Broly was","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"13803924","text":"Noonbory and the Super Seven Noonbory and the Super Seven () is an animated television series that is co-produced by Daewon Media and Cookie Jar Entertainment in association with Knowledge, Access TV, BBC Kids, and SCN. It aired in the U.S. on August 15, 2008 (Pilot) and September 19, 2009 (Series) on CBS' KEWLopolis in August, and on CBS' Cookie Jar TV in September. It airs in Canada on BBC Kids, and in South Korea on SCN. It also airs in Spanish in the United States on Sorpresa and UltraKidz. The pilot episode aired on KEWLopolis on CBS on August","title":"Noonbory and the Super Seven"},{"id":"19654861","text":"aired from 7 May 2017 and ended 5 August 2017, with total of 14 episodes. The series is based on the novel of the same name. It is broadcast on Sundays from 20:50 to 21:45 (Bangkok Standard Time) on MCOT HD, while the uncut version is shown on Line TV during midnight of the same day. The first season contains a total of 12 episodes with an average span of 45–55 minutes each. The series started its airing on 15 May 2016, and the first season ended on 31 July 2016. And here is the list about the 12 episodes","title":"Make It Right (Thai series)"},{"id":"18748928","text":"is by Japanese rock band Good Morning America. The second ending theme song for episodes 13 to 25 is by the group Key Talk. The singer for Funimation's English dub is Professor Shyguy. The third ending song for episodes 26 to 36 is by the band Lacco Tower. The fourth ending theme song for episodes 37 to 49 is \"Forever Dreaming\" by Czecho No Republic. The fifth ending theme song for episodes 50 to 59 is by idol group Batten Showjo Tai. The sixth ending theme song for episodes 60 to 72 is by Arukara. The seventh ending theme song","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"19651294","text":"HBO released the first official trailer for the series. On March 21, 2018, the series held its official premiere at NeueHouse Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. On April 28, 2018, episodes one through three were screened during the Series Mania Festival at the Le Majestic cinema in Lille, France. It appeared alongside seven other television programs in the festival's \"Best of USA\" series of shows. The first season of \"Barry\" has been met with a positive response from critics since it premiered. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 98% approval rating with an average","title":"Barry (TV series)"},{"id":"3128831","text":"and films which are as follows in order of airing: \"Halo 4\" (November 10, 2012), \"Oblivion\" (April 6 and 13 2013), \"Pacific Rim\" (July 6, 2013), \"Xbox One\" (November 23, 2013), \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\" (April 26, 2014), \"\" (November 29, 2014), \"Chappie\" (February 28, 2015), \"\" (August 1, 2015), \"The Martian\" (September 26, 2015), \"Hardcore Henry\" (April 2, 2016), \"\" (June 18, 2016), \"Suicide Squad\" (July 23, 2016), \"Titanfall 2\" (October 29, 2016), \"\" (December 10, 2016), \"\" (December 17, 2016), \"\" (February 4, 2017), \"Horizon Zero Dawn\" (February 25, 2017), \"Ghost in the Shell\" (March 25, 2017), \"\"","title":"Toonami"},{"id":"18748920","text":"army. Goku and his friends return to their daily lives on Earth. While sparring, Goku reveals to Vegeta that he is unable to activate Ultra Instinct again. Goku and Vegeta pledge to get even stronger. In addition to his role as the series creator, Akira Toriyama is also credited for the \"original story and character design concepts\" of the new anime originally directed by Kimitoshi Chioka. Toriyama elaborated on his involvement with the \"Future Trunks arc\" saying he created the story based on suggestions from the editorial department, \"As with last time, I wrote the overall plot outline, and the","title":"Dragon Ball Super"},{"id":"6656960","text":"show, seasons seven and eight were released on November 18, 2014, with nine and ten released on April 7, 2015, eleven released on August 25, 2015, twelve released on September 22, 2015, and thirteen released (also Blu-ray) on October 20, 2015. Netflix streamed all episodes, but stopped streaming on October 1, 2013 and in early 2017 the series was removed from iTunes and Google Play without explanation, though it returned to the latter later that year. As of May 2018, all episodes were again removed from Google Play without explanation. On November 1, 2018, all episodes became available for streaming","title":"King of the Hill"},{"id":"6103227","text":"acting career includes roles in \"My Hero Academia\", \"RWBY\", \"Attack on Titan\", \"One Piece\", \"Fairy Tail\", \"Psycho-Pass\" and \"Parasyte\". Jason Douglas Jason Douglas (born February 14, 1973) is an American actor and voice actor, known as Tobin on AMC's \"The Walking Dead\", as the voice of Beerus in the anime series \"Dragon Ball Super\" and Krieg in the video game \"Borderlands 2\". Douglas is noted for his appearances in films, including \"Sin City\", \"Parkland\", \"Two Step\" and \"No Country for Old Men\" as well as recurring and guest appearances on hit TV shows such as \"The Leftovers\", \"Breaking Bad\", \"Nashville\"","title":"Jason Douglas"},{"id":"10190710","text":"of \"Dragon Ball\" and \"One Piece\" titled \"Cross Epoch\". \"Dragon Ball\", \"Dragon Ball Z\", and \"Dragon Ball Z Kai\" are all adaptations of the manga, with various new material added in to make extra episodes so that Toriyama would have more time to write original chapters for them to adapt. \"Dragon Ball GT\" and \"Dragon Ball Heroes\" are not originated from any direct source material from Toriyama, being fully created by their respective animation studios. \"Dragon Ball Super\" was released parallel to (and many times ahead of) the manga of the same name, due to the fact that they were","title":"Dragon Ball"},{"id":"17563271","text":"White Fox, the 12-episode series aired in Japan between January 6, 2014 and March 24, 2014 and was simulcast by Crunchyroll. A DVD and Blu-ray release of the TV series in Japan was announced for March 19, 2014. Sentai Filmworks have licensed the series in North America and will release it on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on May 26, 2015. The Anime Network began streaming the series February 6, 2014. MVM Films have licensed the series in the United Kingdom. In Australia and New Zealand, Hanabee licensed the series within the region. The main opening song of the anime is","title":"Super Sonico"},{"id":"20197280","text":"announcement at 8pm ET on Adult Swim. As a part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' joke, the premiere was broadcast for four straight hours, interrupting the television network's scheduled new episodes of \"Samurai Jack\" and \"Dragon Ball Super\". It was watched by 676,000 American households and had a 0.2 rating in the 18–49 demographic. By 11pm, as details of the episode's unexpected debut spread, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" had its best showing with 949,000 viewers and a 0.4 rating. A critical success, \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\" was praised as one of the series' best episodes, with Jesse Schedeen of IGN saying","title":"The Rickshank Rickdemption"},{"id":"7717535","text":"Titans), Jason Spisak (Young Justice), Roger Jackson (The Powerpuff Girls), Sean Schemmel(Dragonball Z), William Salyers (The Regular Show). TV/Movie Guests: Jenna Coleman, Sarah Madison (Doctor Who), AJ Buckley, Travis Wester, Alaina Huffman (Supernatural), Cliff Simon, Peter Williams, Jacqueline Samuda, Suanne Braun, David Hewlett, David Nykl (Stargate), Giancarlo Esposito (Breaking Bad), Helen Slater (Supergirl), Margot Kidder (Superman films), Mira Furlan (Babylon 5), Judson Scott (Star Trek), Michael Hogan (Battlestar Galactica, Teen Wolf), Jim Duggan (WWE), Peter Hambleton (The Hobbit), Matthew J. Doran (The Matrix). Authors: Robert Rankin (British humorous novelist), Terry Brooks (Shannara series) 24–27 October - Auckland, ASB Showgrounds, Greenlane","title":"Armageddon (convention)"},{"id":"20145867","text":"Super Ma'am Super Ma'am (International title: \"My Teacher, My Hero\") is a 2017 Philippine television drama action fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Lord Alvin Madridejos and Albert Langitan, it stars Marian Rivera in the title role. It premiered on September 18, 2017 on the network's Telebabad line up replacing \"Mulawin vs. Ravena\" and occupying the timeslot of \"Alyas Robin Hood\" and aired worldwide on GMA Pinoy TV. The series concluded on January 26, 2018 with a total of 95 episodes. It was replaced by \"Sherlock Jr.\" in its timeslot. Originally titled as \"The Good Teacher\", it was","title":"Super Ma'am"},{"id":"10190712","text":"the manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Two television specials based on the \"Z\" series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first, \"The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Freeza -- Son Goku's Father~\", renamed \"\" by Funimation, was shown on October 17, 1990. The second special, \"Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks\", renamed \"\" by Funimation, is based on a special chapter of the","title":"Dragon Ball"},{"id":"19635061","text":"Two HD, which consisted of total three episodes. The series was set to broadcast internationally on BBC Earth channel. It debuted in Asia on each Wednesday starting from 20 July 2016, in Nordic region on each Sunday from 14 August 2016, and in South Africa aired each Sunday from 13 November 2016. The series premiered in Belgium on 24 March 2016 at the Canvas TV and in the Netherlands from 17 May 2016 on NPO 2. In Japan, the series aired all three episodes on 30 September 2017 at WOWOW's BBC Earth monthly block. As for the United States, the","title":"Earth's Greatest Spectacles"},{"id":"20139416","text":"and former Invicta FC Bantamweight Champion and current UFC fighter Lauren Murphy. Team Alvarez: Episode 1: A New World Champion (August 30, 2017) Episode 2: Fight! (September 6, 2017) Episode 3: Time to Shine (September 13, 2017) Episode 4: The Truth in Me (September 20, 2017) Episode 5: Feelings Mean Nothing (September 27, 2017) Episode 6: Predator (October 4, 2017) Episode 7: Enjoy the Moment (October 18, 2017) Episode 8: Sink or Swim (November 1, 2017) Episode 9: The Fight Gods (November 8, 2017) Episode 10: Make it a Fight (November 15, 2017) Episode 11: A Will to Win (November","title":"The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion"},{"id":"18768930","text":"were shot in Pacific Grove and Carmel Highlands as well. On October 16, 2016, HBO released the first teaser trailer for the series. On December 5, 2016, HBO released a full length trailer for the series. On February 7, 2017, the series held its official premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Internationally, the series premiered on February 20, 2017, in Australia on Showcase, and on March 13, 2017, in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Sky Atlantic. The show was initially conceived of and billed as a miniseries of seven episodes. In the wake of the","title":"Big Little Lies (TV series)"},{"id":"19507911","text":"ABS-CBN and ended on September 9, 2017. Only 14 episodes were aired. In Hong Kong, the TVB Pearl premiered the series with switchable dual-language in original English and local Cantonese version on October 11, 2017. In India, Zee Café premiered the first season on 29 September 2016. In Brazil, it has appeared since September 22, 2017 on the Warner Channel Brasil and on the open TV on Rede Globo. In Canada, the series is on Netflix with new seasons arriving each September. \"Lethal Weapon\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported a 65% approval rating, with","title":"Lethal Weapon (TV series)"},{"id":"18922255","text":"from September 2012 to February 2013 and consisted of ten episodes. It premiered on September 5, 2013 in selected regions. The series was renewed following strong ratings globally and locally and a ten-episode second season premiered on December 11, 2014. A third ten-episode season was commissioned on June 12, 2015. The series premiered on National Geographic Abu Dhabi and selected international versions of the National Geographic Channel globally on September 5, 2013. The second season premiered in selected markets globally, including the United Kingdom on October 29, 2014 with two episodes airing back-to-back. In Australia, season 1 premiered on September","title":"Ultimate Airport Dubai"},{"id":"20797326","text":"ticket holders in Japan, limited to fifty thousand, starting on July 20 will receive one of two charms of the characters Goku and Vegeta, whose hair changes based on the temperature of the figure. A promotional one-hour television special aired on Fuji TV in Japan on December 2, 2018, entitled \"\"Just before the Dragon Ball Super debut! TV version climax recap\"\". The film was promoted through the \"Dragon Ball North America Tour 2018 with Bandai Collectibles\" sponsored by North American anime distributor Funimation, which was held in seven cities in the United States and Canada, starting with a San Diego","title":"Dragon Ball Super: Broly"},{"id":"5842677","text":"three-disc DVD set in the United States on February 22, 2005. The sets included brief audio commentaries by Parker and Stone for each episode. The episode was included in the re-release of the fifth season on Blu-ray, released on December 5, 2017. This was the first time the episode was made available in HD, as the episode was not released alongside the rest of the season when it debuted in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode is shown in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series. Super Best Friends \"Super Best","title":"Super Best Friends"},{"id":"19595942","text":"episode that aired on April 21, 2017, received a universal acclaim from viewers. The designated hashtag \"#TGLUnforgettableFinale\" topped the nationwide trending list on Twitter. \"The Greatest Love\" was reported to replace the soon-to-be concluded \"My Super D\" on July 18, 2016, but was postponed (and moved to later date) because of \"\". The network released several teasers of the show and announced a premiere date which is on September 5, 2016. A full length trailer was released on August 27, 2016. The Greatest Love (Philippine TV series) The Greatest Love is a 2016 Philippine family melodrama television series directed by","title":"The Greatest Love (Philippine TV series)"},{"id":"20234940","text":"Melissa Benoist, who stars in the titular role, principal cast members Mehcad Brooks, Chyler Leigh, Jeremy Jordan, and David Harewood return from the first season, and are joined by Chris Wood and Floriana Lima. The season premiered on The CW on October 10, 2016, and ran until May 22, 2017, over 22 episodes. It received overall critical acclaim, being viewed as an improvement over the first season. The series was renewed for a third season on January 8, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 12, 2016, Warner Bros. Television announced that \"Supergirl\" had been renewed for a second season of 22 episodes","title":"Supergirl (season 2)"},{"id":"20156221","text":"was announced through the social networks of the networks MTV Spain and MTV Latin America. Its premiere is planned in Latin America for October 18, 2016 and in Spain on the 23 of the same month, while the recording venue has been Marbella, Spain. In March 2017, a third season of the program was confirmed, its premiere is scheduled for October of the same year. On July 3, 2017, it was announced that the new season would be filmed in Rimini, Italy. Elettra Lamborghini was the first to be confirmed as a cast member this season. The next cast members","title":"Super Shore"},{"id":"17482897","text":"on Tokyo MX at 11:00 pm on January 5, 2014, followed by TV Osaka, TV Aichi, BS Fuji and AT-X. The series is simulcasted in South East Asia at the same time as Japan on Animax Asia. The series has also been broadcast in Australia on SBS 2 since 3 October 2015. A manga adaptation ran in Square Enix's \"Young Gangan\" magazine from December 20, 2013 to October 3, 2014. The manga is licensed in English by Yen Press. The 13 episodes of the first season aired from January to March 2014, and the second season (also with 13 episodes)","title":"Space Dandy"},{"id":"19539168","text":"October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"16095973","text":"\"Super League Show\" is also available for one week after broadcast for streaming or download via the BBC iPlayer in the UK only. End of season play-offs are shown on BBC Two across the whole country in a weekly highlights package. Internationally, Super League is shown live or delayed on Showtime Sports (Middle East), Maori Television (New Zealand), TV 2 Sport (Norway), NTV+ (Russia), Fox Soccer Plus (United States), Eurosport (Australia) or SportsNet World (Canada). BBC Coverage: Commercial Radio Coverage: All Super League commentaries on any station are available via the particular stations on-line streaming. ESPN3 has worldwide broadband rights.","title":"Super League XVII"},{"id":"19603175","text":"shown on Disney XD's UK YouTube channel on May 12, 2016 and on Teletoon's YouTube on November 30, 2016 respectively to help keep the show going, But it concluded with 11 two-minute shorts and ended on March 22, 2017 on Disney XD France's YouTube. A 2-part episode, \"Gone Gark\", is released on January 30, 2017 on Disney XD in the United States. It also served as the 26th segment and the 52nd episode, making it the season finale of season 1. It aired on Teletoon on Feburaury 9, 2017. In the UK, It was released on January 22, 2017. And","title":"Counterfeit Cat"},{"id":"20111260","text":"July 11, 2017 at 9:00pm. The pilot was aired as a special preview on June 20, 2017, three weeks before its official premiere date. Freeform renewed the series for a second and third season, consisting of 10 episodes each, on October 4, 2017. At the same time it was announced that Amanda Lasher would assume the role of showrunner after series creator Sarah Watson had \"creative differences with the network\". In the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Spain, the series premiered exclusively on Amazon Prime Video on February 9, 2018. Sam Page who plays Richard Hunter, a member of the","title":"The Bold Type"},{"id":"19539166","text":"They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season","title":"Ejen Ali"},{"id":"8483960","text":"the United States July 11, 2000. The first DVD release was also in the UK, as part of the first season box set on May 3, 2004. A similar release followed in the United States on February 24, 2004, and a re-release occurred in the UK on September 24, 2007. Heroes and Demons \"Heroes and Demons\" is the 12th episode of the of the American science fiction television series \".\" The episode first aired on the UPN network on April 24, 1995. It was directed by Les Landau and written by former \"\" story editor Naren Shankar. Set in the","title":"Heroes and Demons"},{"id":"6103226","text":"Jason Douglas Jason Douglas (born February 14, 1973) is an American actor and voice actor, known as Tobin on AMC's \"The Walking Dead\", as the voice of Beerus in the anime series \"Dragon Ball Super\" and Krieg in the video game \"Borderlands 2\". Douglas is noted for his appearances in films, including \"Sin City\", \"Parkland\", \"Two Step\" and \"No Country for Old Men\" as well as recurring and guest appearances on hit TV shows such as \"The Leftovers\", \"Breaking Bad\", \"Nashville\" and \"The Night Shift\". In addition to the role of Beerus in the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise, his prolific voice","title":"Jason Douglas"},{"id":"20891814","text":"the United States on October 9, 2017, and ended on June 18, 2018. It premiered on October 16, 2017 in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The season was released on DVD on September 17, 2018, and Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the third season a 80% approval rating from critics with an average rating of 7.32/10, based on 13 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"Heavier themes lead to higher stakes, but \"Supergirl\" gives its eponymous heroine and her fellow supers plenty of room for growth, creating a well-balanced, engaging third season.\" Jesse","title":"Supergirl (season 3)"},{"id":"20523566","text":"(April 25, 2018) Episode 3: Pressure Makes Diamonds (May 2, 2018) Episode 4: Straight Savage (May 9, 2018) Episode 5: Break His Will (May 16, 2018) Episode 6: Dig Down Deep (May 23, 2018) Episode 7: The Cookie Crumbles (May 30, 2018) Episode 8: Face Your Fears (June 6, 2018) Episode 9: Guns Blazing (June 13, 2018) Episode 10: Embrace It (June 20, 2018) Episode 11: Ready For War (June 27, 2018) Episode 12: Blood, Sweat, and Tears (July 4, 2018) \"* Peña was pulled from the competition due to a fractured foot and was replaced by Gunther. \"* Steele","title":"The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated"},{"id":"19387444","text":"Movie Network, and debuted simultaneously with the U.S. broadcast. In Australia, episodes of the series are available to stream on Stan the same day as the original U.S. broadcast. Two episodes were screened at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In Japan, the series airs on the satellite television network Wowow, which also aired the original series. The first two episodes garnered positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 94% rating with an average score of 7.75 out of 10 based on 71 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, \"Surreal, suspenseful, and visually stunning, this new \"Twin Peaks\"","title":"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)"},{"id":"15144539","text":"The world premiere was on Cartoon Network (Australia), airing on October 1, 2016. The U.K network premiered the series on October 8, 2016. The German Cartoon Network premiered the first two episodes on October 10, 2016. The series premiered in the United States on April 10, 2017. Original International air date: October 2016 – present Original U.S. air date: April 10, 2017 – present Overall episode numbers: 231–350 Having 350 episodes and 21 seasons, the franchise as a whole is the most number of episodes and seasons on all Cartoon Network original series. The first film is a regular animated","title":"Ben 10"},{"id":"10777954","text":"Cumbria, and East Yorkshire & Lincolnshire regions on Monday nights at 11.45pm. Since 2008, it has been repeated nationally on BBC Two, originally overnight on Mondays, but currently on Tuesday lunchtimes at 1pm. It can also be viewed over the internet or downloaded using the BBC iPlayer in the UK. End of season play-offs and World Club Challenge highlights are shown across the whole country in a highlights package. Before being succeeded by Tanya Arnold, Harry Gration presented the programme from 1999 until the latter part of the 2011 season. For the 2012 season, the programme was moved from Sundays","title":"Super League Show"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"18748926\",\n \"text\": \"p.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on Adult Swim. Toonami Africa started airing Dragon Ball Super in Fall 2017 at 15:00 CAT (Central African Time) with an edited Funimation English Dub. In Australia, ABC Me started airing Dragon Ball Super on November 3, 2018, with a new episode every Saturday at 2:45 pm. Norihito Sumitomo, the composer for \\\"Battle of Gods\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748924\",\n \"text\": \"April 1, 2018. According to Amazon Japan, the final Blu-ray set indicated the series' end at episode 131. The series ended on March 25, 2018, with the conclusion of the \\\"Universe Survival Saga\\\". Fuji TV stated that no definite plans were made to either continue the series at a later date or discontinue it entirely. \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" received an English-language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India on January 21, 2017. This dub is produced by Los Angeles based Bang Zoom! Entertainment for the Asian market. A sneak preview of the English dub's first\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748932\",\n \"text\": \"released a week later. The first trailer was released at San Diego Comic-Con International 2018. The second trailer was released on October 4, 2018. The English version of the second trailer was released on October 5, 2018. The anime episodes are being released on Japanese Blu-ray and DVD sets that contain twelve episodes each. The first set was released on December 2, 2015. The second set was released on March 2, 2016. The third set was released on July 2, 2016. The fourth set was released on October 4, 2016. Bandai announced that a line of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" toys\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748923\",\n \"text\": \"Yamadera and Masakazu Morita also return as Beerus and Whis, respectively. The first preview of the series aired on June 14, 2015, following episode 164 of \\\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\\\". The next day, the main promotional image for \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" was added to its official website and unveiled two new characters, who were later revealed to be named Champa and Vados, respectively. A thirty-second trailer including the new characters was uploaded to the series' official website on June 26, 2015. On January 19, 2018, it was revealed that \\\"Super\\\"'s timeslot will be replaced with \\\"GeGeGe no Kitarō\\\" starting on\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748938\",\n \"text\": \"Zamasu.\\\" The final arc, \\\"Universe Survival Arc,\\\" garnered much more positive reception than previous arcs. Several episodes such as 109/110 and 116 have been cited as some of the Super series' best episodes; WatchMojo.com listed the fight between Goku and Jiren in episodes 109/110 as the best anime fight of 2017. Despite this praise, Jay Gibbs of ComicsVerse criticized the series for its inconsistent narrative, having heard \\\"an explanation within an episode, then see that very explanation invalidated seconds later.\\\" Episodes 130 and 131 were live streamed in several cities in Mexico, El Salvador, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua for free\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748922\",\n \"text\": \"Omega\\\" (episodes #1–51), began sharing the series director credit with Chioka beginning with episode #33, before taking it over completely with #47. From episode #68 to #76, Morio Hatano shared the role of series director with Kōhei Hatano (no relation), another storyboard artist and episode director for the series. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Son Goku, Son Gohan, and Son Goten. Most of the original cast reprise their roles as well. However, Jōji Yanami's roles as Kaiō-sama and the narrator were indefinitely taken over by Naoki Tatsuta as of episode 12, so that Yanami could take medical leave. Kōichi\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11803016\",\n \"text\": \"on Sunday nights. \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" replaced \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\"'s late night time slot from 1 January 2018 onwards. In September 2018 Cartoon Network India started to premiere new shows such as \\\"Unikitty\\\", \\\"OK K.O! Let's Be Heroes\\\", \\\"\\\" and \\\"Running Man\\\". Cartoon Network HD+ launched on April 15, 2018. It features new episodes of Cartoon Network originals like \\\"Adventure Time\\\", \\\"The Amazing World of Gumball\\\" and exclusive content. Zee TV launched a Cartoon Network programming block in 2002. The block featured programs like Scooby-Doo, , The Powerpuff Girls, Dexter's Laboratory, Pinky and the Brain, Samurai Jack, The Real Adventures\",\n \"title\": \"Cartoon Network (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5789134\",\n \"text\": \"2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:\",\n \"title\": \"Wild 'n Out\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748929\",\n \"text\": \"for episodes 73 to 83 is by The Collectors. The eighth ending theme song for episodes 84 to 96 is \\\"Boogie Back\\\" by Miyu Inoue. The ninth ending theme song for episodes 97 to 108 is by Lacco Tower. The tenth ending theme song for episodes 109 to 121 is by RottenGraffty. The eleventh ending theme song for episodes 122 to 131 is \\\"Lagrima\\\" by OnePixcel. \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" is also a manga illustrated by artist Toyotarou, who was previously responsible for the official \\\"Resurrection 'F\\\"' manga adaptation. Toyotarou explained that he receives the major plot points from Toriyama, before\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748927\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Resurrection 'F\\\"', is scoring \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\". An original soundtrack for the anime was released on CD by Nippon Columbia on February 24, 2016. The first opening theme song for episodes 1 to 76 is by Kazuya Yoshii of The Yellow Monkey. The lyrics were penned by Yukinojo Mori who has written numerous songs for the \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" series. The second opening theme song for episodes 77 to 131 is by enka singer Kiyoshi Hikawa. Mori wrote the lyrics for the rock song, while Takafumi Iwasaki composed the music. The first ending theme song for episodes 1 to 12\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19384065\",\n \"text\": \"world. \\\"Note\\\": episodes 1, 6, 12, 20 and 26 are full-episode stories instead of 2 stories per episode. The show premiered on Disney XD in the United States on July 5, 2016, and premiered on February 25, 2017 in Southeast Asia, and at unknown date in Taiwan and Latin America. On October 15, 2016, it first aired in Australia on ABC Me. In France, it first aired on Canal J on March 18, 2017. In the U.K., it started airing on CITV on April 3, 2017, In the Germany, it started airing on Super RTL on TBA. It has now\",\n \"title\": \"Fangbone!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10190716\",\n \"text\": \"Funimation titled it for their dub, aired on March 26, 1997, between episodes 41 and 42, serving as a kind of precursor to the epilogue to the series shown at the end of episode 64. On April 28, 2015, Toei Animation announced , the first all-new \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" television series to be released in 18 years. It debuted on July 5 and ran as a weekly series at 9:00 am on Fuji TV on Sundays until its series finale on March 25, 2018 after 131 episodes. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Goku, Gohan, and Goten. Most of the original\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19377323\",\n \"text\": \"20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \\\"Kim Possible\\\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014\",\n \"title\": \"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748940\",\n \"text\": \"56,947 copies in their debut weeks respectively. Volume three was the fourth best-selling for its week with 92,114 copies sold, and volume four was fourth its week with 150,889. According to Nielsen BookScan, the English version of volume one was the second best-selling graphic novel of May 2017, the ninth of June, the fourteenth of July, and the eighteenth of August. Volumes 1 and 2 sold 594,342 copies , volume 3 sold 236,720 copies , volume 4 sold 267,417 copies , volume 5 sold 400,000 copies , volume 6 sold 216,871 copies , and volume 7 sold 208,796 copies .\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2150504\",\n \"text\": \"Guy\\\", \\\"American Dad!\\\", \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\", \\\"Mission Hill\\\", \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\", \\\"The Oblongs\\\", \\\"Final Space\\\", \\\"King of the Hill\\\", and \\\"Futurama\\\" (the latter three series have since moved to Comedy Central, with \\\"Futurama\\\" also airing on Syfy). The channel additionally shows anime series. Since May 26, 2012, block-within-a-block Toonami broadcasts Saturday nights, with shows such as \\\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\\\", \\\"My Hero Academia\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\", \\\"FLCL Alternative\\\", \\\"Attack on Titan\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Black Clover\\\", \\\"Hunter × Hunter\\\", \\\"One-Punch Man\\\", \\\"Lupin the Third Part IV\\\", and \\\"Cowboy Bebop\\\". Some Cartoon Network programming has also aired on Adult Swim, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Adult Swim\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19721949\",\n \"text\": \"The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,\",\n \"title\": \"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409878\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th\",\n \"title\": \"2007 New York Dragons season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20397470\",\n \"text\": \"March 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in \\\"Saikyō Jump\\\" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside \\\"Ultimate Charisma Mission!!\\\". In May 2018, \\\"V Jump\\\" announced a promotional anime for \\\"Super Dragon Ball Heroes\\\" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Heroes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748921\",\n \"text\": \"scriptwriters have been compiling and expanded the story content into individual episodes, making various changes and additions, and generally doing their best to make the story more interesting.\\\" In addition to new characters designed by Toriyama, other characters for the \\\"Universe Survival arc\\\" were designed by Toyotarou, artist of the manga version, and a few by both. Toei Animation producer Atsushi Kido previously worked on \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\" for a brief time during the Freeza arc, while Fuji TV producer Osamu Nozaki said he has been a fan of the series since childhood. Morio Hatano, series director of \\\"Saint Seiya\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748933\",\n \"text\": \"would be available in the United States in summer 2017. Bandai has also announced the updated \\\"Dragon Ball Super Card Game\\\" that starts with one starter deck, one special pack containing 4 booster packs and a promotional Vegeta card and a booster box with 24 packs. It was released on July 28, 2017. A line of six \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" Happy Meal toys were made available at Japanese McDonald's restaurants in May 2017. The average audience TV rating in Japan was 5.6% (Kanto region). The maximum audience rating was 8.4% (Episode 47) and the lowest rating was 3.5% (Episodes 109-110).\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19387443\",\n \"text\": \"point onwards (at Lynch's insistence). Overall, the series consists of 18 episodes. It concluded on September 3, 2017, with a two-part finale. In the United Kingdom, Sky Atlantic simulcast the first two episodes beginning at 2:00 am British Summer Time on May 22, 2017, and the next two episodes were released on Sky UK's on-demand service after the premiere. In the Nordic countries, the series is broadcast on HBO Nordic, with the two-hour premiere airing on May 22, and subsequent episodes being made available the day after its U.S. airing. In Canada, the series is available on CraveTV and The\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409773\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Dallas Desperados season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19939298\",\n \"text\": \"August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second\",\n \"title\": \"Andi Mack\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17301517\",\n \"text\": \"president and representative. In March 2017, Bandai Namco purchased the entirety of Anime Consortium Japan for 2.1 billion yen. On August 1, 2017, Daisuki released a statement announcing the closure of their operations effective October 31, 2017. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017 at 11:59 JST. Despite this, Daisuki would continue to stream \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\". Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an\",\n \"title\": \"Daisuki (website)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748925\",\n \"text\": \"episode aired on December 17, 2016. Production on the Bang Zoom! dub ended after episode 27. On November 4, 2016, Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" and would be producing an English dub, with many cast members of their previous English-language releases of \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" media reprising their respective roles. As well as officially announcing the dub, it was also announced they would be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform, \\\"FunimationNow\\\". On December 7, 2016, IGN reported that the Funimation English dub of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" would air on Adult Swim Saturdays at 8\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7219818\",\n \"text\": \"21, 2012 by Marvelous Entertainment in Japan. On July 18, 2018, Discotek Media licensed the show for home video release, with the first 101 episodes coming on a 2-disc SD on BD set September 25, 2018, then the other 102 episodes coming October 30, 2018. An original video animation was produced under the same staff and cast and was released in October 2009 during the annual Jump Super Anime Tour. It was released by Pony Canyon on DVD on July 21, 2010, under the title . The DVD version included a short version showed on the tour and a complete\",\n \"title\": \"Reborn!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10411020\",\n \"text\": \"Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Nashville Kats season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10416126\",\n \"text\": \"Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Utah Blaze season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20841684\",\n \"text\": \"episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28\",\n \"title\": \"Episode 1094\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1691702\",\n \"text\": \"Sir John Worthing, which aired on June 25, 2011. He has appeared on \\\"Supernatural\\\" in the episode \\\"Shut Up, Dr. Phil\\\", which aired October 21, 2011, alongside fellow Buffyverse co-star Charisma Carpenter. He also appeared in \\\"Warehouse 13\\\" as Bennett Sutton, which aired in 2013. He also voices Zamasu in the Funimation dub of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" (and its video games) under the stage names of \\\"David Gray\\\" and \\\"Sam Majesters\\\". Marsters had played in bands and solo in bars and clubs for many years and enjoyed several successful sell-out solo gigs at Los Angeles clubs before forming a band.\",\n \"title\": \"James Marsters\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10409701\",\n \"text\": \"3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Orlando Predators season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539167\",\n \"text\": \"1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17301513\",\n \"text\": \"Daisuki (website) Daisuki was a Japanese website focused on streaming anime content, which was founded in 2013 by Asatsu-DK and six anime studios: Toei Animation, Aniplex, Sunrise, TMS Entertainment, Nihon Ad Systems, and Dentsu. Daisuki was managed by Anime Consortium Japan, an anime content joint venture financed by Asatsu-DK, Bandai Namco, the Cool Japan Fund, and several Japanese anime studios, and which is currently managed by Bandai Namco. The service was terminated on October 31, 2017, at 11:59 JST. However, streaming of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" continued until February 22, 2018, when it was transferred to DRAGON BALL SUPER CARD GAME.\",\n \"title\": \"Daisuki (website)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11803015\",\n \"text\": \"started airing \\\"Oggy and the Cockroaches\\\" from Season 5 onwards. Like before it airs continuously throughout the day. Cartoon Network also aired some classic shows during weekend nights on a block called \\\"Get Tooned with Toonami\\\", but was abruptly discontinued in October in favour of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\". On 1 September 2017 the Bang Zoom dub of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" started airing weekends on Cartoon Network at a late time slot without any promotion. It was previously aired on Toonami until it became a classic cartoon channel. In mid December 2017 Cartoon Network quietly started airing \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\" movies\",\n \"title\": \"Cartoon Network (India)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17171845\",\n \"text\": \"May 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In the UK, it premiered on BBC Two on 27 July 2017, and the entire series was released on the BBC iPlayer immediately afterwards. In the US, it premiered in September 2017, on Sundance TV, and each episode will be available on Hulu the day after its screening on SundanceTV. In Canada, \\\"China Girl\\\" premiered on 25 October 2017, on CBC Television. Reviews of \\\"Top of the Lake\\\" have been positive, referring to the series as \\\"masterfully made\\\", \\\"beautiful\\\", \\\"mysterious\\\", \\\"riveting\\\", and \\\"a masterpiece\\\". It received a score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic\",\n \"title\": \"Top of the Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19313870\",\n \"text\": \"K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\\\" had its worldwide television premiere in the US on Cartoon Network on August 1, 2017, and aired on sister network Boomerang from August 7 to September 1, 2017. In Canada, it premiered on August 1 on Cartoon Network and on September 4 on Teletoon. In Africa, the shorts were released on September 11 and the full series premiered on November 18, 2017. It premiered in the UK and Ireland on October 9, 2017. It premiered in Australia and New Zealand and the Philippines on January 6, 2018 and in Southeast Asia on January 20, 2018. A\",\n \"title\": \"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748939\",\n \"text\": \"in public venues. Even though the fan reaction has been polarizing, Dragon Ball Super has been criticized by fans for lacking the mild blood and gore that was present in its predecessor Dragon Ball Z. This is, however, due to the fact that the series is targeted towards a younger demographic than the previous installments, and as such censorship would not allow such content to be shown on a television program targeted towards children. All four volumes of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\"s manga adaptation have charted on Oricon's weekly list of the best-selling manga; volumes one and two sold 29,995 and\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748934\",\n \"text\": \"First impressions of the series' debut episode were mostly positive with the quality of animation being praised the most. Richard Eisenbeis of Kotaku praised the series' title sequence and said \\\"My middle-school self is so happy right now, you guys.\\\" Jamieson Cox of \\\"The Verge\\\" also praised the title sequence and said that \\\"\\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\"'s intro will have you begging for its North American release\\\". Cox was also surprised that, considering how popular the franchise is, the series did not launch internationally at the same time. He called it \\\"a move that wouldn't be unprecedented\\\" giving \\\"Sailor Moon Crystal\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16651789\",\n \"text\": \"9:00pm. Toei Animation producer Gyarmath Bogdan confirmed through Twitter that the broadcast included up to twenty minutes of extra scenes and additional footage. The broadcast earned an average household rating of 13.1%. The 2015 \\\"\\\" film is a sequel to \\\"Battle of Gods\\\" and features Beerus and Whis. The first story arc of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" is a retelling of sorts of \\\"Battle of Gods\\\", though some events are altered or expanded in the series' version of events. The \\\"Battle of Gods\\\" arc covers episodes 1-14. \\\"Battle of Gods\\\" is the first-ever Japanese film to be screened at IMAX Digital\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1481670\",\n \"text\": \"FLCL The six-episode series was released in Japan from April 2000 to March 2001 alongside a manga and novel. It originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim in August 2003, where it managed to gain a significant cult following and was widely acclaimed, despite its short length. It aired in the U.S. again in the next years and later also on the network's Toonami block from October 2013 to January 2014, and then again in April 2018. The series is also available via iTunes, Adult Swim.com and Funimation's website. In 2016, two new seasons totaling 12 episodes were\",\n \"title\": \"FLCL\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12623282\",\n \"text\": \"cut Toonami completely. The movies were no longer aired. After its cancellation in Latin America on March 26, 2007, the block's programming gradually vanished. In January 2010, the block \\\"Animaction\\\" was created, showing on Wednesday evenings. This block broadcast both action programming and anime programming before it was removed in April 2011. Currently, the only anime which air on CN LA are \\\"Beyblade Burst\\\", \\\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\\\", \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\", \\\"Pokémon\\\", \\\"Mecard\\\" and \\\"Captain Tsubasa\\\". Cartoon Network (Latin America) Cartoon Network Latin America () () is a satellite and cable television channel distributed by AT&T for the Latin American\",\n \"title\": \"Cartoon Network (Latin America)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748937\",\n \"text\": \"its previous episodes. However, the \\\"Champa Arc\\\" was praised for improving its animation. Episode 39 of the series was critically acclaimed for its improved animation and praised fighting sequences. Attack of the Fanboy reported that \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" episode 39 may be the best installment of the series to date. Goku and Hit's fight \\\"starts off explosively from the get-go.\\\" The \\\"Future Trunks Arc\\\" also garnered positive reception from fans and critics alike. IGN's Shawn Saris acclaiming Episode 66, stating that, \\\"Episode 66 of \\\"Dragon Ball Supe\\\"r has a few missteps but ultimately leads to a great final battle with\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19948058\",\n \"text\": \"Iron Sharpens Iron (May 3, 2017) Episode 4: Piece of Us (May 10, 2017) Episode 5: A Brutal Business (May 17, 2017) Episode 6: Let Me Bang! (May 24, 2017) Episode 7: Dark Horse (May 31, 2017) Episode 8: Kryptonite (June 7, 2017) Episode 9: Killashaw (June 14, 2017) Episode 10: Time to Smash (June 21, 2017) Episode 11: Embrace the Snake (June 28, 2017) Episode 12: The Winner's Circle (July 5, 2017) The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on\",\n \"title\": \"The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18479137\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom, with the first season added on Amazon Prime on October 16, 2015, and second-season episodes to be released immediately after initial broadcast in the United States. In Australia, the series premiered on Presto on August 14, 2015. Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the first three seasons on DVD and Blu-ray. The first season was released on January 12, 2016. It contains all 10 episodes, plus deleted scenes, gag reel, making-of featurette, and UltraViolet digital copies of the episodes. The second season was released on January 10, 2017. The third season was released on March 27, 2018. In\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. Robot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18532496\",\n \"text\": \"cast as Rand in February 2016. Metzner was revealed as the series' new showrunner in July 2017. Filming for the series takes place in New York City. All 13 episodes of the first season premiered on March 17, 2017. They received generally negative reviews from critics. Despite the critical reception, third-party data analytics determined the series had strong viewership. A second season, consisting of 10 episodes, was ordered in July 2017, and was released on September 7, 2018 to a more mixed to positive reception. On October 12, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after two seasons. After being presumed dead\",\n \"title\": \"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13641279\",\n \"text\": \"daily Monday through Friday line-up. As a result of Cartoon Network losing the rights to the show, all \\\"Super Hero Squad\\\" content has been removed from the network's website except for video clips on YouTube. The series first premiered on Teletoon in Canada on Sunday, September 13, 2009 at 8:30am (ET) as part of the network's Action Force block. The show returned on Teletoon on Sunday, February 6, 2011 at 7:00am (ET) for the debut of the second season. All 52 episodes aired in Canada, ending on July 10, 2011. The series premiered on December 4, 2009 in Australia, on\",\n \"title\": \"The Super Hero Squad Show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1571218\",\n \"text\": \"third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs\",\n \"title\": \"Voltron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18474435\",\n \"text\": \"Johnson, and Scott Porter were confirmed to continue voicework for the new season. The game supports the new Crowd Play feature that Telltale introduced in \\\"\\\", allowing up to 2,000 audience members to vote on decisions for the player using Twitch or other streaming services. On August 3, 2017, Telltale announced that Episode 2, \\\"Giant Consequences\\\", was released on August 15. On September 19, 2017, Episode 3 \\\"Jailhouse Block\\\" was released. The fourth episode, \\\"Below the Bedrock\\\", was released on November 7, 2017. The fifth episode and season finale, \\\"Above And Beyond\\\" was released on December 19, 2017. \\\"Minecraft: Story\",\n \"title\": \"Minecraft: Story Mode\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20285267\",\n \"text\": \"App on August 27, 2018 and debuting on television on September 1, 2018; starting with the third episode, subsequent episodes are released in advance on Fridays on the Cartoon Network App before the television broadcast. In Canada, the series premiered on Teletoon on September 16, 2018 and YTV on September 28, 2018. Internationally, the series premiered on RTL 7 in the Netherlands on September 2, 2018, on Cartoon Network on September 29, 2018 in Australia, October 2, 2018 in Latin America, October 27, 2018 in India, Central and Eastern Europe, and the United Kingdom, and on Gulli on October 7,\",\n \"title\": \"Transformers: Cyberverse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20797323\",\n \"text\": \"The Saiyans\\\". A poster was released on March 13, 2018, 11 days before the airing of the final episode of \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\", featuring an entirely new traditional animation design by Toei animator Naohiro Shintani, as opposed to veteran \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" character designer Tadayoshi Yamamuro. One week later, the first trailer for the film was released publicly through Toei Animation featuring the all–new character designs and an enigmatic new villain. Akira Toriyama wrote the story, screenplay and designed the characters, Tatsuya Nagamine is film director, Naohiro Shintani is animation director, Kazuo Ogura is serving as art director, Rumiko Nagai as\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super: Broly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17424151\",\n \"text\": \"man in \\\"The Godfather Part II\\\" in 1974. \\\"The Super\\\" aired on ABC at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday throughout its brief run. It never gained the audience that \\\"All in the Family\\\" and \\\"Sanford and Son\\\" did, and was cancelled after only 10 episodes had aired; its eleventh and twelfth episodes, preempted by television coverage of the 1972 Summer Olympic Games on August 30 and September 6, 1972, respectively, were never broadcast. The Super (TV series) The Super is an American sitcom television series starring Richard S. Castellano which centers on the superintendent of an apartment building in\",\n \"title\": \"The Super (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19700208\",\n \"text\": \"August 2016, the short was again made available to stream until 31 March 2017. The first episode of the two-part special premiered on NHK's BS Premium channel on 18 February 2017, and the second episode aired on 25 February 2017. Each episode is 45 minutes long. The special aired dubbed on NHK World with the first episode airing on 17 March 2017 and the second episode airing the next day. Sentai Filmworks has licensed the special for home video distribution in North America. Reviewing the first two seasons of Animator Expo for Anime News Network, Kevin Cirugeda recommended the short\",\n \"title\": \"The Dragon Dentist\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2022780\",\n \"text\": \"released the series in DVD box sets; the first (beginning with episode 17) in October 2005 and finished in November 2007 with the first 16 episodes as a \\\"Lost Episode\\\" box set. Two years later, they began releasing the series again in DVD \\\"remastered season\\\" sets that finally put the episodes in proper chronological order; the first on December 9, 2008 and the second on February 10, 2009. A Game Boy Advance Video cartridge containing the episodes \\\"A Grand Problem\\\" and \\\"Pan's Gambit\\\" was released on September 7, 2004 by Majesco Entertainment. A complete series DVD box set including was\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball GT\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18626976\",\n \"text\": \"The series premiered in Australia on 15 September 2015 on the Seven Network and premiered in New Zealand on 5 November 2015 on TVNZ 1. In the United States, the series premiered on Acorn TV in 2016 and PBS in March 2017. The series premiered in Finland on YLE TV1 in June 2017. In the UK, the first two series were broadcast on BBC One in April and May 2018. Season one along with part one and two of season two are available on iTunes in Australia. On 8 January 2018, Zomer in Zeeland (translated: \\\"Summer in Zeeland\\\") premiered on\",\n \"title\": \"800 Words\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20318973\",\n \"text\": \"it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on\",\n \"title\": \"19-2 (2014 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18545346\",\n \"text\": \"of the issues that made CBS wary to renew the series on their network. Filming for the third season began in Vancouver on July 6, 2017, and ended on April 28, 2018. In Canada, \\\"Supergirl\\\" aired in a sim-subbed simulcast on Global with the American broadcast in the first season; the second season saw it move to Showcase in the same arrangement. The series premiered on October 29, 2015, in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The series premiered in Australia on December 6, 2015, on FOX8. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 92% approval rating\",\n \"title\": \"Supergirl (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18832821\",\n \"text\": \"English dub. Part 1 (Episodes 1-13) has been released on July 24, 2018 with a collector's box to store the later three parts, and Part 2 (Episodes 14-26) on September 18, 2018. Part 3 (Episodes 27-40) will be released on November 13, 2018, and Part 4 (Episodes 41-50) on January 8, 2019. Chinese streaming site iQiyi has listed the series with fifty episodes. The anime is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll (with home video distribution from Funimation) and in the UK by Anime Limited. Yoshiaki Sukeno began serializing the manga in Shueisha's \\\"Jump Square\\\" magazine on October 4, 2013.\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Star Exorcists\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18547577\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Médiévalia\\\" in the original French version and occasionally in the English version too. Note: Doctor X is referred to as “Professor X” in some episodes, whilst the Black Baron is frequently called “the Dark Baron” or simply “the Baron”. The first 13 episodes have an instrumental theme tune, whilst episodes 14-52 have a theme song with English lyrics. A second season started to air on weekday afternoons on CITV on 27 February 2017, and weekday mornings on KidsClick on April 2, 2018 until September 21, 2018. The episodes are being broadcast out of order, e.g. new character Rock Brock is\",\n \"title\": \"Super 4 (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18581479\",\n \"text\": \"September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September\",\n \"title\": \"Top-rated United States television programs by season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18812653\",\n \"text\": \"The network burned off two of the unaired episodes on June 12, 2016, with the last one airing on June 26, 2016. The first seven episodes aired Sunday at 8:30 pm. Episodes 8, 9, 10 and 12 aired at 7:30 pm. Episodes 11 and 13 aired at 7:00 pm. The show has met an average response from critics. On Metacritic, it has a score of 51/100 based on 14 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a score of 50% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The critical consensus reads: \\\"\\\"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life\\\" wins\",\n \"title\": \"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10190694\",\n \"text\": \"which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. Toriyama's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" and \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled \\\"Dragon Ball GT\\\" (1996–1997) and \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version of \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20596480\",\n \"text\": \"in January 2018 that Sony reported cost $14 million to make but other sources listed at as high as $30 million. The soundtrack for the film was curated by American rapper Future, who also acted as a producer on the film. It features 13 new and previously released songs, as well as guest appearances from Miguel, Lil Wayne, Khalid, Ty Dolla Sign, Young Thug, PartyNextDoor, H.E.R., Gunna, Sleepy Brown, and Yung Bans, among others. \\\"Superfly\\\" was initially scheduled to be released on June 15, 2018. Three weeks prior, it was moved up two days to June 13, 2018, in order\",\n \"title\": \"Superfly (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748931\",\n \"text\": \"on April 4, 2016. Viz Media began posting free English translations of the manga chapters to their website on June 24, 2016. A print release of the first volume followed in spring 2017. The animated film, \\\"\\\", is the first film in the franchise to be produced under the \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" title. The film will be released on December 14, 2018. It will be a continuation to the series that will act as a new arc. A poster showcasing the film's new art style was released on March 12, 2018. A teaser depicting Goku facing off against Broly was\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13803924\",\n \"text\": \"Noonbory and the Super Seven Noonbory and the Super Seven () is an animated television series that is co-produced by Daewon Media and Cookie Jar Entertainment in association with Knowledge, Access TV, BBC Kids, and SCN. It aired in the U.S. on August 15, 2008 (Pilot) and September 19, 2009 (Series) on CBS' KEWLopolis in August, and on CBS' Cookie Jar TV in September. It airs in Canada on BBC Kids, and in South Korea on SCN. It also airs in Spanish in the United States on Sorpresa and UltraKidz. The pilot episode aired on KEWLopolis on CBS on August\",\n \"title\": \"Noonbory and the Super Seven\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19654861\",\n \"text\": \"aired from 7 May 2017 and ended 5 August 2017, with total of 14 episodes. The series is based on the novel of the same name. It is broadcast on Sundays from 20:50 to 21:45 (Bangkok Standard Time) on MCOT HD, while the uncut version is shown on Line TV during midnight of the same day. The first season contains a total of 12 episodes with an average span of 45–55 minutes each. The series started its airing on 15 May 2016, and the first season ended on 31 July 2016. And here is the list about the 12 episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Make It Right (Thai series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748928\",\n \"text\": \"is by Japanese rock band Good Morning America. The second ending theme song for episodes 13 to 25 is by the group Key Talk. The singer for Funimation's English dub is Professor Shyguy. The third ending song for episodes 26 to 36 is by the band Lacco Tower. The fourth ending theme song for episodes 37 to 49 is \\\"Forever Dreaming\\\" by Czecho No Republic. The fifth ending theme song for episodes 50 to 59 is by idol group Batten Showjo Tai. The sixth ending theme song for episodes 60 to 72 is by Arukara. The seventh ending theme song\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19651294\",\n \"text\": \"HBO released the first official trailer for the series. On March 21, 2018, the series held its official premiere at NeueHouse Hollywood in Los Angeles, California. On April 28, 2018, episodes one through three were screened during the Series Mania Festival at the Le Majestic cinema in Lille, France. It appeared alongside seven other television programs in the festival's \\\"Best of USA\\\" series of shows. The first season of \\\"Barry\\\" has been met with a positive response from critics since it premiered. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 98% approval rating with an average\",\n \"title\": \"Barry (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3128831\",\n \"text\": \"and films which are as follows in order of airing: \\\"Halo 4\\\" (November 10, 2012), \\\"Oblivion\\\" (April 6 and 13 2013), \\\"Pacific Rim\\\" (July 6, 2013), \\\"Xbox One\\\" (November 23, 2013), \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\\\" (April 26, 2014), \\\"\\\" (November 29, 2014), \\\"Chappie\\\" (February 28, 2015), \\\"\\\" (August 1, 2015), \\\"The Martian\\\" (September 26, 2015), \\\"Hardcore Henry\\\" (April 2, 2016), \\\"\\\" (June 18, 2016), \\\"Suicide Squad\\\" (July 23, 2016), \\\"Titanfall 2\\\" (October 29, 2016), \\\"\\\" (December 10, 2016), \\\"\\\" (December 17, 2016), \\\"\\\" (February 4, 2017), \\\"Horizon Zero Dawn\\\" (February 25, 2017), \\\"Ghost in the Shell\\\" (March 25, 2017), \\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Toonami\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18748920\",\n \"text\": \"army. Goku and his friends return to their daily lives on Earth. While sparring, Goku reveals to Vegeta that he is unable to activate Ultra Instinct again. Goku and Vegeta pledge to get even stronger. In addition to his role as the series creator, Akira Toriyama is also credited for the \\\"original story and character design concepts\\\" of the new anime originally directed by Kimitoshi Chioka. Toriyama elaborated on his involvement with the \\\"Future Trunks arc\\\" saying he created the story based on suggestions from the editorial department, \\\"As with last time, I wrote the overall plot outline, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6656960\",\n \"text\": \"show, seasons seven and eight were released on November 18, 2014, with nine and ten released on April 7, 2015, eleven released on August 25, 2015, twelve released on September 22, 2015, and thirteen released (also Blu-ray) on October 20, 2015. Netflix streamed all episodes, but stopped streaming on October 1, 2013 and in early 2017 the series was removed from iTunes and Google Play without explanation, though it returned to the latter later that year. As of May 2018, all episodes were again removed from Google Play without explanation. On November 1, 2018, all episodes became available for streaming\",\n \"title\": \"King of the Hill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6103227\",\n \"text\": \"acting career includes roles in \\\"My Hero Academia\\\", \\\"RWBY\\\", \\\"Attack on Titan\\\", \\\"One Piece\\\", \\\"Fairy Tail\\\", \\\"Psycho-Pass\\\" and \\\"Parasyte\\\". Jason Douglas Jason Douglas (born February 14, 1973) is an American actor and voice actor, known as Tobin on AMC's \\\"The Walking Dead\\\", as the voice of Beerus in the anime series \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" and Krieg in the video game \\\"Borderlands 2\\\". Douglas is noted for his appearances in films, including \\\"Sin City\\\", \\\"Parkland\\\", \\\"Two Step\\\" and \\\"No Country for Old Men\\\" as well as recurring and guest appearances on hit TV shows such as \\\"The Leftovers\\\", \\\"Breaking Bad\\\", \\\"Nashville\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10190710\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" and \\\"One Piece\\\" titled \\\"Cross Epoch\\\". \\\"Dragon Ball\\\", \\\"Dragon Ball Z\\\", and \\\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\\\" are all adaptations of the manga, with various new material added in to make extra episodes so that Toriyama would have more time to write original chapters for them to adapt. \\\"Dragon Ball GT\\\" and \\\"Dragon Ball Heroes\\\" are not originated from any direct source material from Toriyama, being fully created by their respective animation studios. \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" was released parallel to (and many times ahead of) the manga of the same name, due to the fact that they were\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17563271\",\n \"text\": \"White Fox, the 12-episode series aired in Japan between January 6, 2014 and March 24, 2014 and was simulcast by Crunchyroll. A DVD and Blu-ray release of the TV series in Japan was announced for March 19, 2014. Sentai Filmworks have licensed the series in North America and will release it on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on May 26, 2015. The Anime Network began streaming the series February 6, 2014. MVM Films have licensed the series in the United Kingdom. In Australia and New Zealand, Hanabee licensed the series within the region. The main opening song of the anime is\",\n \"title\": \"Super Sonico\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20197280\",\n \"text\": \"announcement at 8pm ET on Adult Swim. As a part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' joke, the premiere was broadcast for four straight hours, interrupting the television network's scheduled new episodes of \\\"Samurai Jack\\\" and \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\". It was watched by 676,000 American households and had a 0.2 rating in the 18–49 demographic. By 11pm, as details of the episode's unexpected debut spread, \\\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\\\" had its best showing with 949,000 viewers and a 0.4 rating. A critical success, \\\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\\\" was praised as one of the series' best episodes, with Jesse Schedeen of IGN saying\",\n \"title\": \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7717535\",\n \"text\": \"Titans), Jason Spisak (Young Justice), Roger Jackson (The Powerpuff Girls), Sean Schemmel(Dragonball Z), William Salyers (The Regular Show). TV/Movie Guests: Jenna Coleman, Sarah Madison (Doctor Who), AJ Buckley, Travis Wester, Alaina Huffman (Supernatural), Cliff Simon, Peter Williams, Jacqueline Samuda, Suanne Braun, David Hewlett, David Nykl (Stargate), Giancarlo Esposito (Breaking Bad), Helen Slater (Supergirl), Margot Kidder (Superman films), Mira Furlan (Babylon 5), Judson Scott (Star Trek), Michael Hogan (Battlestar Galactica, Teen Wolf), Jim Duggan (WWE), Peter Hambleton (The Hobbit), Matthew J. Doran (The Matrix). Authors: Robert Rankin (British humorous novelist), Terry Brooks (Shannara series) 24–27 October - Auckland, ASB Showgrounds, Greenlane\",\n \"title\": \"Armageddon (convention)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20145867\",\n \"text\": \"Super Ma'am Super Ma'am (International title: \\\"My Teacher, My Hero\\\") is a 2017 Philippine television drama action fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Lord Alvin Madridejos and Albert Langitan, it stars Marian Rivera in the title role. It premiered on September 18, 2017 on the network's Telebabad line up replacing \\\"Mulawin vs. Ravena\\\" and occupying the timeslot of \\\"Alyas Robin Hood\\\" and aired worldwide on GMA Pinoy TV. The series concluded on January 26, 2018 with a total of 95 episodes. It was replaced by \\\"Sherlock Jr.\\\" in its timeslot. Originally titled as \\\"The Good Teacher\\\", it was\",\n \"title\": \"Super Ma'am\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10190712\",\n \"text\": \"the manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Two television specials based on the \\\"Z\\\" series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first, \\\"The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Freeza -- Son Goku's Father~\\\", renamed \\\"\\\" by Funimation, was shown on October 17, 1990. The second special, \\\"Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks\\\", renamed \\\"\\\" by Funimation, is based on a special chapter of the\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19635061\",\n \"text\": \"Two HD, which consisted of total three episodes. The series was set to broadcast internationally on BBC Earth channel. It debuted in Asia on each Wednesday starting from 20 July 2016, in Nordic region on each Sunday from 14 August 2016, and in South Africa aired each Sunday from 13 November 2016. The series premiered in Belgium on 24 March 2016 at the Canvas TV and in the Netherlands from 17 May 2016 on NPO 2. In Japan, the series aired all three episodes on 30 September 2017 at WOWOW's BBC Earth monthly block. As for the United States, the\",\n \"title\": \"Earth's Greatest Spectacles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20139416\",\n \"text\": \"and former Invicta FC Bantamweight Champion and current UFC fighter Lauren Murphy. Team Alvarez: Episode 1: A New World Champion (August 30, 2017) Episode 2: Fight! (September 6, 2017) Episode 3: Time to Shine (September 13, 2017) Episode 4: The Truth in Me (September 20, 2017) Episode 5: Feelings Mean Nothing (September 27, 2017) Episode 6: Predator (October 4, 2017) Episode 7: Enjoy the Moment (October 18, 2017) Episode 8: Sink or Swim (November 1, 2017) Episode 9: The Fight Gods (November 8, 2017) Episode 10: Make it a Fight (November 15, 2017) Episode 11: A Will to Win (November\",\n \"title\": \"The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18768930\",\n \"text\": \"were shot in Pacific Grove and Carmel Highlands as well. On October 16, 2016, HBO released the first teaser trailer for the series. On December 5, 2016, HBO released a full length trailer for the series. On February 7, 2017, the series held its official premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Internationally, the series premiered on February 20, 2017, in Australia on Showcase, and on March 13, 2017, in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Sky Atlantic. The show was initially conceived of and billed as a miniseries of seven episodes. In the wake of the\",\n \"title\": \"Big Little Lies (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19507911\",\n \"text\": \"ABS-CBN and ended on September 9, 2017. Only 14 episodes were aired. In Hong Kong, the TVB Pearl premiered the series with switchable dual-language in original English and local Cantonese version on October 11, 2017. In India, Zee Café premiered the first season on 29 September 2016. In Brazil, it has appeared since September 22, 2017 on the Warner Channel Brasil and on the open TV on Rede Globo. In Canada, the series is on Netflix with new seasons arriving each September. \\\"Lethal Weapon\\\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported a 65% approval rating, with\",\n \"title\": \"Lethal Weapon (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18922255\",\n \"text\": \"from September 2012 to February 2013 and consisted of ten episodes. It premiered on September 5, 2013 in selected regions. The series was renewed following strong ratings globally and locally and a ten-episode second season premiered on December 11, 2014. A third ten-episode season was commissioned on June 12, 2015. The series premiered on National Geographic Abu Dhabi and selected international versions of the National Geographic Channel globally on September 5, 2013. The second season premiered in selected markets globally, including the United Kingdom on October 29, 2014 with two episodes airing back-to-back. In Australia, season 1 premiered on September\",\n \"title\": \"Ultimate Airport Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20797326\",\n \"text\": \"ticket holders in Japan, limited to fifty thousand, starting on July 20 will receive one of two charms of the characters Goku and Vegeta, whose hair changes based on the temperature of the figure. A promotional one-hour television special aired on Fuji TV in Japan on December 2, 2018, entitled \\\"\\\"Just before the Dragon Ball Super debut! TV version climax recap\\\"\\\". The film was promoted through the \\\"Dragon Ball North America Tour 2018 with Bandai Collectibles\\\" sponsored by North American anime distributor Funimation, which was held in seven cities in the United States and Canada, starting with a San Diego\",\n \"title\": \"Dragon Ball Super: Broly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5842677\",\n \"text\": \"three-disc DVD set in the United States on February 22, 2005. The sets included brief audio commentaries by Parker and Stone for each episode. The episode was included in the re-release of the fifth season on Blu-ray, released on December 5, 2017. This was the first time the episode was made available in HD, as the episode was not released alongside the rest of the season when it debuted in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode is shown in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series. Super Best Friends \\\"Super Best\",\n \"title\": \"Super Best Friends\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19595942\",\n \"text\": \"episode that aired on April 21, 2017, received a universal acclaim from viewers. The designated hashtag \\\"#TGLUnforgettableFinale\\\" topped the nationwide trending list on Twitter. \\\"The Greatest Love\\\" was reported to replace the soon-to-be concluded \\\"My Super D\\\" on July 18, 2016, but was postponed (and moved to later date) because of \\\"\\\". The network released several teasers of the show and announced a premiere date which is on September 5, 2016. A full length trailer was released on August 27, 2016. The Greatest Love (Philippine TV series) The Greatest Love is a 2016 Philippine family melodrama television series directed by\",\n \"title\": \"The Greatest Love (Philippine TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20234940\",\n \"text\": \"Melissa Benoist, who stars in the titular role, principal cast members Mehcad Brooks, Chyler Leigh, Jeremy Jordan, and David Harewood return from the first season, and are joined by Chris Wood and Floriana Lima. The season premiered on The CW on October 10, 2016, and ran until May 22, 2017, over 22 episodes. It received overall critical acclaim, being viewed as an improvement over the first season. The series was renewed for a third season on January 8, 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 12, 2016, Warner Bros. Television announced that \\\"Supergirl\\\" had been renewed for a second season of 22 episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Supergirl (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20156221\",\n \"text\": \"was announced through the social networks of the networks MTV Spain and MTV Latin America. Its premiere is planned in Latin America for October 18, 2016 and in Spain on the 23 of the same month, while the recording venue has been Marbella, Spain. In March 2017, a third season of the program was confirmed, its premiere is scheduled for October of the same year. On July 3, 2017, it was announced that the new season would be filmed in Rimini, Italy. Elettra Lamborghini was the first to be confirmed as a cast member this season. The next cast members\",\n \"title\": \"Super Shore\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17482897\",\n \"text\": \"on Tokyo MX at 11:00 pm on January 5, 2014, followed by TV Osaka, TV Aichi, BS Fuji and AT-X. The series is simulcasted in South East Asia at the same time as Japan on Animax Asia. The series has also been broadcast in Australia on SBS 2 since 3 October 2015. A manga adaptation ran in Square Enix's \\\"Young Gangan\\\" magazine from December 20, 2013 to October 3, 2014. The manga is licensed in English by Yen Press. The 13 episodes of the first season aired from January to March 2014, and the second season (also with 13 episodes)\",\n \"title\": \"Space Dandy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539168\",\n \"text\": \"October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\\\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\\\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16095973\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Super League Show\\\" is also available for one week after broadcast for streaming or download via the BBC iPlayer in the UK only. End of season play-offs are shown on BBC Two across the whole country in a weekly highlights package. Internationally, Super League is shown live or delayed on Showtime Sports (Middle East), Maori Television (New Zealand), TV 2 Sport (Norway), NTV+ (Russia), Fox Soccer Plus (United States), Eurosport (Australia) or SportsNet World (Canada). BBC Coverage: Commercial Radio Coverage: All Super League commentaries on any station are available via the particular stations on-line streaming. ESPN3 has worldwide broadband rights.\",\n \"title\": \"Super League XVII\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19603175\",\n \"text\": \"shown on Disney XD's UK YouTube channel on May 12, 2016 and on Teletoon's YouTube on November 30, 2016 respectively to help keep the show going, But it concluded with 11 two-minute shorts and ended on March 22, 2017 on Disney XD France's YouTube. A 2-part episode, \\\"Gone Gark\\\", is released on January 30, 2017 on Disney XD in the United States. It also served as the 26th segment and the 52nd episode, making it the season finale of season 1. It aired on Teletoon on Feburaury 9, 2017. In the UK, It was released on January 22, 2017. And\",\n \"title\": \"Counterfeit Cat\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20111260\",\n \"text\": \"July 11, 2017 at 9:00pm. The pilot was aired as a special preview on June 20, 2017, three weeks before its official premiere date. Freeform renewed the series for a second and third season, consisting of 10 episodes each, on October 4, 2017. At the same time it was announced that Amanda Lasher would assume the role of showrunner after series creator Sarah Watson had \\\"creative differences with the network\\\". In the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Spain, the series premiered exclusively on Amazon Prime Video on February 9, 2018. Sam Page who plays Richard Hunter, a member of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Bold Type\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19539166\",\n \"text\": \"They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season\",\n \"title\": \"Ejen Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8483960\",\n \"text\": \"the United States July 11, 2000. The first DVD release was also in the UK, as part of the first season box set on May 3, 2004. A similar release followed in the United States on February 24, 2004, and a re-release occurred in the UK on September 24, 2007. Heroes and Demons \\\"Heroes and Demons\\\" is the 12th episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\".\\\" The episode first aired on the UPN network on April 24, 1995. It was directed by Les Landau and written by former \\\"\\\" story editor Naren Shankar. Set in the\",\n \"title\": \"Heroes and Demons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6103226\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Douglas Jason Douglas (born February 14, 1973) is an American actor and voice actor, known as Tobin on AMC's \\\"The Walking Dead\\\", as the voice of Beerus in the anime series \\\"Dragon Ball Super\\\" and Krieg in the video game \\\"Borderlands 2\\\". Douglas is noted for his appearances in films, including \\\"Sin City\\\", \\\"Parkland\\\", \\\"Two Step\\\" and \\\"No Country for Old Men\\\" as well as recurring and guest appearances on hit TV shows such as \\\"The Leftovers\\\", \\\"Breaking Bad\\\", \\\"Nashville\\\" and \\\"The Night Shift\\\". In addition to the role of Beerus in the \\\"Dragon Ball\\\" franchise, his prolific voice\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Douglas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20891814\",\n \"text\": \"the United States on October 9, 2017, and ended on June 18, 2018. It premiered on October 16, 2017 in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The season was released on DVD on September 17, 2018, and Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the third season a 80% approval rating from critics with an average rating of 7.32/10, based on 13 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \\\"Heavier themes lead to higher stakes, but \\\"Supergirl\\\" gives its eponymous heroine and her fellow supers plenty of room for growth, creating a well-balanced, engaging third season.\\\" Jesse\",\n \"title\": \"Supergirl (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20523566\",\n \"text\": \"(April 25, 2018) Episode 3: Pressure Makes Diamonds (May 2, 2018) Episode 4: Straight Savage (May 9, 2018) Episode 5: Break His Will (May 16, 2018) Episode 6: Dig Down Deep (May 23, 2018) Episode 7: The Cookie Crumbles (May 30, 2018) Episode 8: Face Your Fears (June 6, 2018) Episode 9: Guns Blazing (June 13, 2018) Episode 10: Embrace It (June 20, 2018) Episode 11: Ready For War (June 27, 2018) Episode 12: Blood, Sweat, and Tears (July 4, 2018) \\\"* Peña was pulled from the competition due to a fractured foot and was replaced by Gunther. \\\"* Steele\",\n \"title\": \"The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19387444\",\n \"text\": \"Movie Network, and debuted simultaneously with the U.S. broadcast. In Australia, episodes of the series are available to stream on Stan the same day as the original U.S. broadcast. Two episodes were screened at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In Japan, the series airs on the satellite television network Wowow, which also aired the original series. The first two episodes garnered positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 94% rating with an average score of 7.75 out of 10 based on 71 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, \\\"Surreal, suspenseful, and visually stunning, this new \\\"Twin Peaks\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Peaks (2017 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15144539\",\n \"text\": \"The world premiere was on Cartoon Network (Australia), airing on October 1, 2016. The U.K network premiered the series on October 8, 2016. The German Cartoon Network premiered the first two episodes on October 10, 2016. The series premiered in the United States on April 10, 2017. Original International air date: October 2016 – present Original U.S. air date: April 10, 2017 – present Overall episode numbers: 231–350 Having 350 episodes and 21 seasons, the franchise as a whole is the most number of episodes and seasons on all Cartoon Network original series. The first film is a regular animated\",\n \"title\": \"Ben 10\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10777954\",\n \"text\": \"Cumbria, and East Yorkshire & Lincolnshire regions on Monday nights at 11.45pm. Since 2008, it has been repeated nationally on BBC Two, originally overnight on Mondays, but currently on Tuesday lunchtimes at 1pm. It can also be viewed over the internet or downloaded using the BBC iPlayer in the UK. End of season play-offs and World Club Challenge highlights are shown across the whole country in a highlights package. Before being succeeded by Tanya Arnold, Harry Gration presented the programme from 1999 until the latter part of the 2011 season. For the 2012 season, the programme was moved from Sundays\",\n \"title\": \"Super League Show\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when do episodes 122 of dragon ball super come out"}}},{"rowIdx":279,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["a wreath of ivy"],"string":"[\n \"a wreath of ivy\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3065944","text":"the name of their choice inside an urn, after which five tablets were randomly selected. The person who received the highest number of votes won. The winning author, actor and choir were thus selected not purely by lot, but chance did play a part. The passion of the Greeks for the tragedy was overwhelming: Athens, said the critics, spent more on theatre than on the fleet. When the cost for the shows became a sensitive subject, an admission fee was instated, alongside the so-called \"theorikon\", a special fund to pay for festival's expenses. Of the many tragedies known to have","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"17540677","text":"backstage reporter respectively. Auditions for the season were held in Thesalloniki, Athens (Greece) and Nicosia (Cyprus). The show was broadcast on ANT1 and it was since the first episode a success with rates getting over 50% in household rating. Four contestants, one from each team, advanced to the final live show. Each one of the four finalists had their own song written by members of the Universal Music Group. Kiriakou was announced as the winner of the season, while Kosmidou was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Kintatos and Charalambous. The second season of \"The Voice of","title":"The Voice of Greece"},{"id":"9829153","text":"reality series called Rush*d followed the six finalists that were selected by ABC Family staff from their hometowns and college campuses to Los Angeles. The Finalists: In the fifth episode of Rush'd, Laura Wise was announced the winner of the contest. In season two of Virtual Rush, Tom Kruszewski – Puckstopper35, was announced as the winner of the second and final contest. Following the second season the website was rendered inert. In the United Kingdom, episodes were followed by special behind-the-scenes features entitled \"Greek Uncovered\", which were available on BBC iPlayer and aired on BBC Three. In the Australian iTunes","title":"Greek (TV series)"},{"id":"20028897","text":"a decision is made.Judges selected 96 performances between them the 3 of them,are duets.Radio station \"Rythmos 94.9\" hosted a draw which was called \"Rythmos Auditions\".The winner of the \"Rythmos Auditions\" qualified to the live auditions.The official YouTube channel of ANT1,organized a draw which was called \"Youtube Auditions\".The winner was determined from the video likes and qualified to the live auditions.The total of performances in Live Auditions was 98. Acts are announced.Only 16 contestants in waiting get the chance of actually performing during the show that day. As a reportage of the randomly announced performer is shown, viewers are invited to","title":"Rising Star (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"17540678","text":"Greece\" premiered on February 15, 2015 and concluded on June 21, 2015. The coaches from the first season, Aslanidou, Remos, Vandi and Kouinelis remained as the coaches while Giorgos Liagkas also stayed as the presenter. Four contestants, one from each team, advanced to the final live show. Each one of the four finalists had their own song written by members of the Universal Music Group. Ageris was announced as the winner of the season, while Vilanidi was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Mallas and Kabanelli. The third season of \"The Voice of Greece\" premiered on November","title":"The Voice of Greece"},{"id":"16095265","text":"Greek government-debt crisis. An estimated 24,557 televotes were cast in the final, 14,172 coming from SMS votes and 10,385 from phone in votes. All proceeds from the televoting went to a charitable organizations \"Kivotos Tou Kosmou\" (Arc of the world), \"Paidika Horia SOS\" (Children's villages SOS), and \"To Hamogelo Tou Paidiou\" (The smile of a child). Eleftheria Eleftheriou was the overall winner of the night, winning both the jury and televote in a landslide victory. Following the national final, Eleftheriou plans to embark on a promotional campaign, the majority of which will be via internet. During the Semi-Final Allocation draw","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012"},{"id":"3065943","text":"chosen by the \"archon eponymous\". This procedure might have been based on a provisional script, each of which had to submit a tetralogy consisting of three tragedies and a satyr play. Each tetralogy was recited in one day, so that the recitation of tragedies lasted three days. The fourth day was dedicated to the staging of five comedies. At the end of these three days a jury of ten people chosen by lot from the body of citizens chose the best choir, best actor and best author. At the end of the performances, the judges placed a tablet inscribed with","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"17230679","text":"came from the judges but Alevras' from the audience. Alevras chose to give the money from the audience voting to \"To Spiti Tou Ithopiou\" (The Actor's House). The second live of the show aired on April 21, 2013 and the winner of the night was Thanasis Alevras for the second time. Alevras chose to give the money from the audience voting once again to \"To Spiti Tou Ithopiou\" (The Actor's House). The third live of the show aired on April 28, 2013 and winner of the night was Kostas Martakis. Martakis chose to give the money from the audience voting","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)"},{"id":"2811771","text":"librarians later in Greek history, also played a role in what survived from this period). After the Great Destruction of Athens by the Persian Empire in 480 BCE, the town and acropolis were rebuilt, and theatre became formalized and an even greater part of Athenian culture and civic pride. This century is normally regarded as the Golden Age of Greek drama. The centre-piece of the annual Dionysia, which took place once in winter and once in spring, was a competition between three tragic playwrights at the Theatre of Dionysus. Each submitted three tragedies, plus a satyr play (a comic, burlesque","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"2811768","text":"performer — i.e., a \"thespian.\" The dramatic performances were important to the Athenians – this is made clear by the creation of a tragedy competition and festival in the City Dionysia. This was organized possibly to foster loyalty among the tribes of Attica (recently created by Cleisthenes). The festival was created roughly around 508 BC. While no drama texts exist from the sixth century BC, we do know the names of three competitors besides Thespis: Choerilus, Pratinas, and Phrynichus. Each is credited with different innovations in the field. More is known about Phrynichus. He won his first competition between 511","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"14911701","text":"Greek Civil War Τhe Greek Civil War (, \"o Emfýlios\" [\"Pólemos\"], \"the Civil War\") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria. It is often considered the first proxy war of the Cold War, although the Soviet Union avoided sending aid. The fighting resulted in the defeat of the DSE by the Hellenic Army. Founded","title":"Greek Civil War"},{"id":"7508828","text":"was made up of Mimis Plessas, Antonis Andrikakis, Dimitris Starovas, Themos Anastasiadis, Christina Politi, Evangelia Piskera, Antonis Karatzikos, Rena Kapitsala, and a ninth vote was split between Sietse Bakker of \"ESCToday\" and Fotis Konstantopoulos of \"Oikotimes\". \"Everything\" was proclaimed the winner after receiving 47.79% of the total vote, representing over 200,000 televotes. Vissi received 55.66% of the vote from the viewers and 35.98% from the jury. \"Welcome to the Party\" placed second with 26.32% (27.69% from the viewers; 24.27% from the jury), 13.72% (7.25% from the viewers; 24.43% from the jury) for \"Who Cares About Love\" in third place, and","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006"},{"id":"3065912","text":"Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, and it heavily influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus,","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"20076623","text":"audience got the highest final place out of the two in both situations. The \"Secret Guests\" of the evening were Loukas Giorkas, who helped Dimitris Makalias with his transformation and sang his song \"Watch My Dance\" and Alexis Kostalas, the long-time Greek spokesman who announced the votes for Greece between 1998 and 2010. Also, Fotis Sergoulopoulos transformed into Alexander Rybak and sang \"Fairytale\", the 2009 winning song. The fourth episode aired on May 14, 2017 and the winner was Parthena with 23 points. Parthena chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \"Agia Marina\" in Kavala.","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"20028902","text":"end of the semi-final,the judges select the contestant who want to participate in the final.The vote panelist of judges is 5%. The winner was Giannis Xanthopoulos from the team of Christos Mastoras. Rising Star (Greek TV series) Rising Star (translated as Ανερχόμενο Αστέρι) is a Greek interactive reality singing competition, which was first broadcast on ANT1 from December 12, 2016. It is based on the \"Rising Star\" franchise created by Keshet Broadcasting. As the season begins, each contestant is asked to perform a well-known song in front of judges. After the song a vote is taken among judges whether to","title":"Rising Star (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"17540680","text":"Voice of Greece premiered on October 3, 2017 and conclude in December 20, 2017 on Skai TV (Greece) and Sigma TV (Cyprus). The coaches from the third season, Paparizou, Rouvas, Maraveyas and Mouzourakis remained as the coaches while Kapoutzidis also stayed as the presenter but Laura Narjes is the new that she will serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Eight contestants, three from Rouvas team, two from Mouzourakis and Maraveyas team and one from Paparizou team, advanced to the final live show. Zioris was announced as the winner of the season, while Ioakeim was declared as the runner-up.","title":"The Voice of Greece"},{"id":"3065921","text":"speech about his own situation or, when he enters as messenger, with a narrative of disastrous events ... Naturally, the transformation of the leader into an actor entailed a dramatization of the chorus. Tradition attributes Thespis as the first person to represent a character in a play. This took place in 534 BC during the Dionysia established by Peisistratus. Of his tragedies we know little except that the choir was still formed by Satyrs and that, according to Aristotle, he was the first to win a dramatic contest, and the first () who portrayed a character rather than speaking as","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"17540679","text":"16, 2016 and concluded on March 2, 2017 on Skai TV (Greece) and Sigma TV (Cyprus). The new coaches of the third season were Helena Paparizou, Sakis Rouvas, Kostis Maraveyas and Panos Mouzourakis while The show is hosted by Giorgos Kapoutzidis with Elena Tsagkrinou serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Eight contestants, four from Maraveyas team and two from Mouzourakis and Rouvas team, advanced to the final live show. Margaris was announced as the winner of the season, while Leipsaki was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Theodorou and Milioni. The fourth season of The","title":"The Voice of Greece"},{"id":"16007238","text":"Music. 2012: \"Tha me vreis\" (in Greek \"Θα με βρεις\") Panagiotis Tsakalakos Panagiotis Tsakalakos (in Greek Παναγιώτης Τσακαλάκος) (born in New Jersey, United States in c. 1978) a Greek-American singer and guitarist is the winner of the second series of \"Greek Idol\". In the final held on 25 June 2011, he won with 53.8% of the public votes against rival finalist Malou Kiriakopoulou (in Greek Μαλού Κυριακοπούλου). Soon after his win, he released his debut single \"Poly mou paei\" (in Greek \"Πολύ Μου Πάει\"). Panagiotis Tsakalakos parents went to the U.S. in the early 1970s where his father did graduate","title":"Panagiotis Tsakalakos"},{"id":"20076621","text":"points to Giannis Chatzopoulos, the 5 points to Antonis and the 4 points to Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 14 points and other three had 12 points. In each tie, the one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The second episode aired on April 30, 2017 and the winner was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 22 points. Chatzigeorgiou chose to give the money from audience to \"The Smile of the Child\". After the combined final scores, two contestants had 23","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"17230677","text":"to \"Mana\" (Mother) organization every week. During the live shows, no one is eliminated at the end of the night. At the end of the semifinal, the four couples with the highest cumulative scores from all eleven lives are the ones who can compete at the final for the first place. The four finalists are scored only by the audience in the final and the contestant who receives the most votes is the winner of the show. Audience is able to vote during the whole week for the winner. The host of the show was Maria Bekatorou and the four","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)"},{"id":"17230496","text":"contestants were five women and five men; Josephine, Apostolia Zoi, Valeria Kouroupi, Eleni Karakasi, Mathildi Maggira, Stamatis Gardelis, Othonas Metaxas, Valandis, Dimos Beke and Giannis Kritikos. The trailer of the season started airing on March 18, 2016. The last show was aired on June 26, 2016 and the winner of the season was the singer Giannis Kritikos. The fourth season of the show premiered on 23 April 2017 on ANT1 and the contestants this time were four women and six men; Sabrina, Irene Trost, Koni Metaxa, Parthena Horozidou, Isaias Matiaba, Aris Makris, Giannis Chatzigeorgiou, Antonis Dominos, Giannis Chatzopoulos and Dimitris","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"14127135","text":"Greek Idol Greek Idol is a reality television competition to find new solo singing talent. Part of the \"Idol\" franchise, it is based on the British show \"Pop Idol\" created by Simon Fuller. The first season of the show debut on March 5, 2010 on Alpha TV. The second season is scheduled to premiere on 19 February 2011. The show is broadcast simultaneously by Sigma TV in Cyprus. The program, which also holds auditions in Cyprus, aims to discover the best singer with the winner determined by the viewers. Through telephone and SMS text voting, viewers choose Valanto Trifonos as","title":"Greek Idol"},{"id":"2811776","text":"the current state of the art. The first seats in Greek theatres (other than just sitting on the ground) were wooden, but around 499 BCE the practice of inlaying stone blocks into the side of the hill to create permanent, stable seating became more common. They were called the \"prohedria\" and reserved for priests and a few most respected citizens. In 465 BCE, the playwrights began using a backdrop or scenic wall, which hung or stood behind the orchestra, which also served as an area where actors could change their costumes. It was known as the \"skênê\" (from which the","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"16007237","text":"Panagiotis Tsakalakos Panagiotis Tsakalakos (in Greek Παναγιώτης Τσακαλάκος) (born in New Jersey, United States in c. 1978) a Greek-American singer and guitarist is the winner of the second series of \"Greek Idol\". In the final held on 25 June 2011, he won with 53.8% of the public votes against rival finalist Malou Kiriakopoulou (in Greek Μαλού Κυριακοπούλου). Soon after his win, he released his debut single \"Poly mou paei\" (in Greek \"Πολύ Μου Πάει\"). Panagiotis Tsakalakos parents went to the U.S. in the early 1970s where his father did graduate work at Northwestern. He holds bachelor's and master's degrees in","title":"Panagiotis Tsakalakos"},{"id":"12205478","text":"Is Our Night\" was declared the winner, gaining a large majority of the votes. Following the selection of the song, Rouvas began a promotional tour around Europe and appeared on many shows, including the selections for other countries participating in the Contest. At the second semi-final of the Contest on May 14, Greece qualified for the final after coming in fourth place with 110 points. At the May 16 final, Rouvas presented \"This Is Our Night\" eighth out of 25 and at the end of voting, was awarded seventh place, marking Greece's sixth consecutive top 10 placing since 2004. Prior","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009"},{"id":"20076620","text":"Maria Bekatorou and the four judges will be Elli Kokkinou, Stamatis Fassoulis, Fotis Sergoulopoulos and Nikos Moutsinas. Ten contestants in total competed in the fourth season; four women and six men: The premiere aired on April 23, 2017 and winner of the first live was Isaias with 22 points. Isaias chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \"Syllogos Iliachtida\" in Agrinio. After the judges and contestants' scores, Giannis Chatzigeorgiou, Giannis Chatzopoulos and Antonis were tied with 24 points. Kokkinou, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 6","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"20076630","text":"the winner is decided only by the audience. The twelfth and final live aired on July 13, 2017 and the winner of the show was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the twelve live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the song \"Den Kanei Kryo stin Ellada\" by Locomondo. The six contestants who did not compete in the finals, received a special award for their participation on the show. Your Face Sounds Familiar","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"15546600","text":"the judges had been left amazed with her vocal abilities. Having been chosen in the final 10 of the show, week by week her performances were applauded by the judges and the public. However it was not only her voice that won their hearts but also her petite-frame and childish naiveness. No \"Greek Idol\" fan can forget her nickname \"Fraoulitsa/Φραουλίτσα\" (little strawberry), given to her by one of the judges, Petros Kostopoulos. \"Greek Idol I\" ended with Nicole winning 2nd place. Straight after the end of \"Greek Idol I\" in June 2010, Nicole began her journey in the music pathways","title":"Nicole Paparistodemou"},{"id":"2153248","text":"The Persians The Persians (, \"Persai\", Latinised as \"Persae\") is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus. It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BCE, with Pericles serving as \"choregos\". The first play in the trilogy, called \"Phineus\", presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus. The subject of the third","title":"The Persians"},{"id":"17540655","text":"in the Galatsi Olympic Hall, in Galatsi, Athens, Greece. Maria Elena Kiriakou, Kostas Ageris, Giannis Margaris and Yiorgos Zioris are currently the four winners produced by the series. The show was renewed for a second season on ANT1 TV that premiered during the 2014–2015 season along with a kids version of the show, which was later canceled. \"The Voice of Greece\" was often mentioned in July–August 2013 by the media as the new reality show on the Greek television. Even though no broadcaster had officially announce the show, ANT1 and Mega Channel were the possible channels that would host the","title":"The Voice of Greece"},{"id":"11711511","text":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 Greece and Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT) chose to host a national selection with the winner being chosen by SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \"expert\" jury (40%). Mando was chosen with \"Never Let You Go\" and achieved 17th place in Eurovision. The national final took place on February 26, 2003 at the Ciné Keramikos nightclub. The hosts of the show were Dafni Bokota, Rika Vagiani and Popi Tsapanidou. The winner was chosen via SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \"expert\" jury (40%). By order performed: \"Never Let You Go\" was performed","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003"},{"id":"15304623","text":"Eugenia Manolidou. The judges of the Greek show were Yiannis Loukakos, Lefteris Lazarou and Dimitris Skarmoutsos. The winner of the first series was Akis Petretzikis. The second season premiered on 24 December 2012. This season was hosted by Maria Synatsaki and all three chefs remain as judges. The show was put on hiatus after the penultimate episode due to financial difficulties of both the production company, Studio ATA, and Mega Channel itself, resulting in both finalists being declared winners. The two winners are Kostis Kampas and Mpampis Koudouris. The third season premiered on 4 May 2017. The judges of the","title":"MasterChef Greece"},{"id":"20076624","text":"The guests of the evening were Zeta Makripoulia, who replaced Elli Kokkinou due to Kokkinou's business commitments and the cast of the musical Evita. The fifth episode aired on May 25, 2017 and the winner was Aris with 24 points. Aris chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \"Kethea-Orizontes\" in Athens. The guests of the evening were Thanasis Alevras, who replaced Fotis Sergoulopoulos due to Sergoulopoulos' planned trip and Kostas Voutsas who helped Dimitris Makalias during his performance. The sixth episode aired on June 1, 2017 and the winner was Aris with 24 points. Aris","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"2811766","text":"it lost its ability for change and growth. For these reasons, among many others, oral storytelling flourished in Greece. Greek tragedy as we know it was created in Athens around the time of 532 BC, when Thespis was the earliest recorded actor. Being a winner of the first theatrical contest held in Athens, he was the \"exarchon\", or leader, of the dithyrambs performed in and around Attica, especially at the rural Dionysia. By Thespis' time, the dithyramb had evolved far away from its cult roots. Under the influence of heroic epic, Doric choral lyric and the innovations of the poet","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"11714767","text":"points were then performed for a second time where the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and a second vote by the \"expert\" jury (50%). The winner of the televoting was rewarded four points, the second placed song three points, the third two points and the fourth one point. The same point value was awarded with the jury's vote. In the event of a tie, the televoting result was given greater value. This vote was performed only by the judging panel. The top four songs were sent to the final vote. By order performed: The four best songs were performed","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001"},{"id":"19971293","text":"Star Academy (Greek TV series) Star Academy was a Greek reality TV show. The series began on March 17, 2017 on the E Channel network and completed in July 15, 2017 The Judges were Anna Vissi, Petros Kostopoulos, Nikos Mouratides, Nikos Karvelas (after him: Alexandros Rigas) and Natalia Germanou. Presenters Menios Fourthiotis (stage) Martzi Lazarou (backstage) Sotiris Karamitzas (backstage) Final results: 1st place: Xristina Xirokosta 2nd place: Elena Koroneou 3rd place: Stylianos Xanthos Star Academy - Super Star Academy Lives 1 - 4: Star Academy (note: no backstage room) Lives 5 - 16: Super Star Academy Star Academy Kick off","title":"Star Academy (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"17230494","text":"men; Anta Livitsanou, Crystallia, Mando, Sylvia Delikoura, Thomai Apergi, Konstantinos Kazakos, Kostas Martakis, Krateros Katsoulis, Nikos Ganos and Thanasis Alevras. The trailer of the season featured a man transforming to Madonna and singing \"\"Like a Virgin\"\" while Bekatorou says: \"It's coming and it will change our Sundays\". The last show was aired on June 30, 2013 and the winner of the season was the actor Thanasis Alevras. The second season of the show premiered on March 9, 2014 on ANT1 and the contestants are five women and five men; Eleftheria Eleftheriou, Sophia Vossou, Betty Maggira, Sophia Kourtidou, Vanessa Adamopoulou, Giannis","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"2811764","text":"Theatre of ancient Greece The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honored the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies. The word τραγῳδία ('tragodia'), from which the word \"tragedy\" is derived, is a compound of two Greek","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"13652035","text":"and songwriter Poseidon Yannopoulos. The winner was Giorgos Alkaios & Friends with the song \"Opa\". The placings of the other participants were not revealed. On 15 March 2010, ERT revealed the jury and televoting results of the top three songs. Songs were awarded points as they would in the Eurovision Song Contest. As the top three songs were all tied in points, the public vote prevailed with Giorgos Alkaios winning. Due to financial constraints facing ERT, the winning entry had a limited budget compared to past years, with ERT only paying for the music video and a very limited promotional","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010"},{"id":"7017252","text":"Greece won for the first time in 2005 with Elena Paparizou singing \"My Number One\", which at the time tied for the record for the most number of \"twelve points\" allocated to a song (ten in total) along with Katrina and the Waves' 1997 \"Love Shine A Light\". The song also made Greece the first country not a member of Big Four to win the contest without going through a semifinal. After Eurovision, the song topped the charts in Greece, Cyprus and Sweden and entered the top ten in Romania, the Netherlands, Hungary, Belgium, as well as the American \"Billboard\"","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest"},{"id":"10263443","text":"Κωστόπουλος)<br> Igor Mara Hernandez (Ιγκόρ Μόρα Ερνάντες)<br> Andreas Ioannou (Αντρέας Ιωάννου) <br> Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου)<br> Anastasios Kanaridis (Αναστάσιος Καναρίδης) The winner of season two was Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου).<br> Top 4: Ania Donchenko, Zoï Tatopoulos, Igor Mara Hernandez Contributors:<br> Hostess: Doukissa Nomikou (Δούκισσα Νομικού) <br> Judge 1: Ivan Svitailo (Ιβάν Σβιτάιλο)<br> Judge 2: Konstantinos Rigos (Κωνσταντίνος Ρήγος)<br> Judge 3: Panos Metaxopoulos (Πάνος Μεταξόπουλος)<br> Judge 4: Eleni Foureira (Ελένη Φουρέιρα)<br> Judge 5: Ioannis Melissanidis (Ιωάννης Μελισσανίδης)<br> Choreographer: Bill RoXenos (Μπίλ Ρόξενος)<br> Choreographer: Courtney Parker (Κόρτνεϊ Πάρκερ)<br> Choreographer: Zoï Tatopoulos (Ζωή Τατόπουλος)<br> Choreographer: Alexander Velinov (Αλεξάντερ Βέλινοβ)<br> Choreographer: Vivi Stamoyli (Βιβή","title":"So You Think You Can Dance (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"9268490","text":"Maria Bakodimou. The artists involved in the national final were Sarbel, Christos Dantis, and Tamta. The winner was chosen via 50% Tele-voting/SMS Messaging and 50% internal jury. Similar to the previous year's show, there was also entertainment in the show. Some of the international guests included Swiss participant DJ Bobo, Cypriot participants Evridiki and Dimitris Korgialas, Belarus participant Dmitry Koldun, and Bulgarian participants Elitsa Todorova & Stoyan Yankulov. Greek entertainment included Natasa Theodoridou, Michalis Hatzigiannis, and Despina Olympiou. Elena Paparizou and Sakis Rouvas were also guest at the show but did not sing. The hosts also provided comedy skits, an","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007"},{"id":"13048208","text":"same moment, a Greek flag is displayed on the floor, only visible to the television viewers. The final part of the performance was completed by silver fireworks in two separate parts. The official \"Eurovision\" website states that, this year, Greece had made \"high-tech advancements\" in the contest's standards. Whilst Rouvas was disappointed with his seventh-place finish, announcing to Greek media \"I am so sorry, I wanted us to win\", there was still unanimous support towards the artist himself in the country. \"Seventh in Europe, first in our hearts\" many journalists reported on Greek television. The media and public pronounced their","title":"This Is Our Night"},{"id":"17879257","text":"night clubs, Andreas sets off to find her, wandered in the places of night fun. Soon Stella is disappointed by the people of nightlife and returns to Andreas. winner: nominated: Edge of Night (film) Edge of Night (Greek:Αυτή η νύχτα μένει/Afti i nyhta menei) is a Greek film directed by Nikos Panayotopoulos. The film released on 7 January 2000 and stars Nikos Kouris and Athina Maximou. It won six awards in Greek State Film Awards. Stella is a beautiful young woman with a talent in singing. She dreams of doing one day a big career in singing. Andreas, her boyfriend","title":"Edge of Night (film)"},{"id":"8217558","text":"given to the contestant. The other half is given to a viewer that has participated in a text message contest going on during the broadcast. Usually, three of the boxes contain items of little value (such as a brick, an umbrella, or a souvlaki). Sometimes, the Banker offers a box exchange instead of cash. A player won the top prize after refusing the offer of €80,000. The show ended in February 2008, before returning on October 2010. NOTE: The daytime version of the show returned in October 2010, with the top prize reduced to €150,000, and further adjustments made to","title":"Deal (Greek game show)"},{"id":"19810553","text":"SunStroke Project were the guests of the night, singing the Cypriot entry \"Gravity\" and the Moldovan entry \"Hey, Mamma!\" respectively. Initially, ERT announced that the winning song would be selected by 100% televoting. Later, it was announced that for the first time, together with the public, the song would be selected by a jury of Greek communities of the Diaspora. In particular, their vote gave representatives of communities from Belgium, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Germany (Munich and Nuremberg), Armenia, Italy, Austria and Ukraine. The quota on the ballot was 70% public (via televoting) and 30% jury. According to Eurovision rules, all nations","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017"},{"id":"17230497","text":"Makalias. The trailer of the season started airing on March 27, 2017. The last show was aired on July 14, 2017 and the winner of the season was the singer Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. The fifth season of the show will premiere on January 2019 on ANT1. Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series) Your Face Sounds Familiar is the Greek version of the international reality television franchise \"Your Face Sounds Familiar\", developed by Endemol. The show premiered on 14 April 2013 on ANT1. The show consists of twelve live shows, where ten celebrities (singers and actors) try to incarnate various stars","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"12570139","text":"for the first three seasons. For the fourth and fifth season was broadcast live in Greece via Skai TV and in Cyprus via Sigma TV. From sixth season is broadcast live in Greece via Open TV and in Cyprus via Omega. The winners of the show are: in the 1st season is Loukas Giorkas, in 2nd is Stavros Michalakakos, in 3rd is Harry Antoniou, in 4th is Andreas Leontas, and in 5th is Panagiotis Koufogiannis. There are four stages to the competition: To date, five series have been broadcast, as summarised below. Key: The first series of the Greek X","title":"The X Factor (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"3642522","text":"two giants of Athenian tragedy: Aeschylus and Euripides. When it was performed for the first time at the Lenaia Festival in 405 BC, just one year after the death of Euripides, the Athenians awarded it first prize. It was the only Greek play that was ever given an encore performance, which took place two months later at the City Dionysia. Even today, \"The Frogs\" still appeals to modern audiences. A commercially successful modern musical adaptation of it was performed on Broadway in 2004. The third dramatic genre was the satyr play. Although the genre was popular, only one complete example","title":"Ancient Greek literature"},{"id":"3065938","text":"figures performed by the Chorus as they present their odes. To the right and left of the theatron are the \"paradoi\", which are used not only by the spectators for entering and leaving the theatre, but also for the entrances and exits of actors and the Chorus. Directly beyond the circular \"orchestra\" lies the \"skene\" or scene building. ... In most plays the skene represents the facade of a house, a palace, or a temple. The skene normally had three doors which served as additional entrances and exits for the actors. Immediately in front of the scene-building was a level","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"3065942","text":"emphasis in Euripides’ Orestes on political factions, for example, is directly relevant to the Athens of 408 BCE. The performances of the tragedies took place in Athens on the occasion of the Great Dionysia, feasts in honor of Dionysus celebrated in the month of Elaphebolion, towards the end of March. It was organized by the State and the eponymous archon, who picked three of the richest citizens to pay for the drama's expenses. In the Athenian democracy wealthy citizens were required to fund public services, a practice known as \"liturgy\". During the Dionysia a contest took place between three plays,","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"14911777","text":"had they lived in that era\", 39% responded \"neither side\", 14% responded \"the right wing\", 23% \"the left wing\" ; while 24% did not respond. The following are available only in Greek: Greek Civil War Τhe Greek Civil War (, \"o Emfýlios\" [\"Pólemos\"], \"the Civil War\") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria. It","title":"Greek Civil War"},{"id":"20188033","text":"2017–18 Greek Football Cup The 2017–18 Greek Cup was the 76th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 33 clubs were accepted to enter. The competition commenced on September 2017 with the Preliminary Round and concluded on the 12th of May 2018 with the Final.PAOK won the competition for a second consecutive year(thus defending the title) beating AEK Athens 2-0 in the final held at Athens Olympic Stadium. The draw for this round took place on August 2017. The draw for this round took place on 11 August 2017. The draw for this round took place on 4","title":"2017–18 Greek Football Cup"},{"id":"17869822","text":"The Voice of Greece (season 2) The second season of the Greek and Cypriot reality talent show The Voice of Greece premiered in February 15, 2015 on ANT1. Based on the reality singing competition \"The Voice of Holland\", the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. It is part of an international series. On July 16, 2014, it was confirmed that both the presenters and the coaches of the previous season would return. The winner receives a record deal with Minos EMI and a Peugeot 108 as part of his prizes. Each coach of the season had,","title":"The Voice of Greece (season 2)"},{"id":"12231408","text":"the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and a second vote by the \"expert\" jury (50%). Ten songs performed in the first round. The top five songs were chosen by an \"expert jury\" and were performed again. By order performed: The five best songs were performed for a second time where the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and by the expert judging panel (50%). By order performed: Rakintzis performed 3rd in the running order at the Eurovision 2002 final. He was accompanied on stage with four male singers/dancers all dressed in plastic robot type suits. The song finished 17th","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002"},{"id":"7017257","text":"band Argo with the song \"Utopian Land\". For the first time since the semi-finals were introduced in 2004, Greece failed to qualify for the final. They finished 16th in the first semi-final. In 2017, ERT selected the composer Dimitris Kontopoulos and the choreographer Fokas Evangelinos internally. They chose Demy for representing Greece in Kiev. ERT agreed, and on the 6 March 2017, Greece chose their song via a national final. Three songs were competed: \"Angels\", \"This Is Love\" and \"When The Morning Comes Around\". The final result was combined by 70% from televoting and by 30% from international juries from","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest"},{"id":"20076625","text":"chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \"Kethea-Orizontes\" in Athens. After the combined final scores, three contestants had 17 points and two contestants had 9 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the two in both situations. The seventh episode aired on June 8, 2017 and the winner was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 22 points. Chatzigeorgiou chose to give the money from audience to \"The Smile of the Child\". After the combined final scores, two contestants had 16 points and two contestants had 13 points.","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"2811774","text":"had a chorus from 12 to 15 people, who performed the plays in verse accompanied by music, beginning in the morning and lasting until the evening. The performance space was a simple circular space, the \"orchestra\", where the chorus danced and sang. The orchestra, which had an average diameter of 78 feet, was situated on a flattened terrace at the foot of a hill, the slope of which produced a natural \"theatron\", literally \"seeing place\". Later, the term \"theatre\" came to be applied to the whole area of theatron, orchestra, and skené. The \"coryphaeus\" was the head chorus member who","title":"Theatre of ancient Greece"},{"id":"19971295","text":"on air at first six and then five times a week at 21.00 and during them the viewers could watch the contestants`s life in the academy. Star Academy (Greek TV series) Star Academy was a Greek reality TV show. The series began on March 17, 2017 on the E Channel network and completed in July 15, 2017 The Judges were Anna Vissi, Petros Kostopoulos, Nikos Mouratides, Nikos Karvelas (after him: Alexandros Rigas) and Natalia Germanou. Presenters Menios Fourthiotis (stage) Martzi Lazarou (backstage) Sotiris Karamitzas (backstage) Final results: 1st place: Xristina Xirokosta 2nd place: Elena Koroneou 3rd place: Stylianos Xanthos Star","title":"Star Academy (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"11711513","text":"\"Shake It\". Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 Greece and Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT) chose to host a national selection with the winner being chosen by SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \"expert\" jury (40%). Mando was chosen with \"Never Let You Go\" and achieved 17th place in Eurovision. The national final took place on February 26, 2003 at the Ciné Keramikos nightclub. The hosts of the show were Dafni Bokota, Rika Vagiani and Popi Tsapanidou. The winner was chosen via SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \"expert\" jury (40%). By order performed: \"Never Let You Go\"","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003"},{"id":"5325177","text":"Michael Constantine Michael Constantine (born May 22, 1927) is an American actor of Greek descent. He is most widely recognized for his portrayal of Kostas \"Gus\" Portokalos, the Windex bottle-toting Greek father of Toula Portokalos (Nia Vardalos), in the surprise hit film \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\" (2002). Earlier, he earned much acclaim for his extensive television work, especially as the long-suffering high school principal, Seymour Kaufman, on ABC's sitcom, \"Room 222,\" for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1970; he was again recognized by the Emmy Awards, as well","title":"Michael Constantine"},{"id":"14911776","text":"Army of Greece, for the first time in Greek postwar history. Under the aforementioned law, the term \"communist bandits\" (Κομμουνιστοσυμμορίτες \"Kommounistosymmorites\", ΚΣ), wherever it had occurred in Greek law, was replaced by the term \"Fighters of the DSE\". In a 2008 Gallup poll, Greeks were asked \"whether it was better that the right wing won the Civil War\". 43% responded that it was better for Greece that the right wing won, 13% responded that it would have been better if the left had won, 20% responded \"neither\" and 24% did not respond. When asked \"which side they would have supported","title":"Greek Civil War"},{"id":"8265262","text":"the Edinburgh Festival and London's Theatre Royal Stratford East in 1990. In 2002 the play was remounted by TheatronGroup with some of the original cast in the Downstairs Theatre of Belvoir Street Theatre. The play runs for one hour and twenty minutes without an interval and concerns the troubled relationship of a Greek couple Alex and Calliope. Greek Tragedy (play) Greek Tragedy is a 1989 play by British playwright Mike Leigh.The play was originally presented at Company B Belvoir Street Theatre, Sydney Australia. It was devised by Mike Leigh with six Australian actors who were chosen after extensive auditions. The","title":"Greek Tragedy (play)"},{"id":"19407017","text":"May 29, 2016 and the winner was Stamatis with 24 points. Stamatis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the non profit organization \"Paidia tis Gis\". After the combined final scores, there was a tie with four contestants getting 16 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place, the one with the second highest score from the audience the second highest final place and so on. The ninth episode aired on June 5, 2016 and the winner was Eleni with 24 points. Eleni chose to give the money from","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)"},{"id":"17230682","text":"Katsoulis. Katsoulis chose to give the money from the audience voting to \"Paidiko Chorio SOS\" (Children's Village SOS). Thomai Apergi returned to the show after two weeks of absence due to illness. The seventh live of the show aired on May 26, 2013 and winner of the night was Anta Livitsanou with 22 points. Thomai Apergp also got 22 points but he ended up in the second place because she got 10 points from the audience while Livitsanou got 11. Livitsanou chose to give the money from the audience voting to \"Koinoniko Mitropolitiko Iatreio tou Ellinikou\" (Social Metropolitan Clinic of","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)"},{"id":"14127137","text":"Georgantas on Mega Channel. The winner was Stavros Konstantinou. Due to low ratings, Mega Channel had decided to cancel Super Idol after the inaugural 2004 season. Alpha TV expressed desire to revive the show in a revamped version. It was first revealed to the public on December 15, 2009 when Alpha TV began airing the first advertisement. The name was also changed from \"Super Idol\" to \"Greek Idol\" and the new logo launched. A number of Greek entertainers had been rumored as potential hosts of the show, haven gone through screen tests. On January 19, 2010, Alpha TV announced that","title":"Greek Idol"},{"id":"3065937","text":"the best location in the theatre, is the throne of the priest of Dionysus who presides in a sense over the whole performance. The theatron is large-in fact, the one in Athens, in the Theatre of Dionysus, with its seats banked up on the south slope of the Acropolis, seated approximately 17,000 persons. The spectator sees before him a level circular area called the \"orchestra\", which means literally the \"dancing place\". ... In the centre of the orchestra stands an altar. A part of the dramatic action will take place in the orchestra, as well as the manoeuvres and dance","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"2526616","text":"My Big Fat Greek Wedding My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a 2002 romantic comedy film directed by Joel Zwick and written by Nia Vardalos, who also stars in the film as Fotoula \"Toula\" Portokalos, a middle class Greek American woman who falls in love with non-Greek upper middle class White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Ian Miller. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and, at the 75th Academy Awards, it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. A sleeper hit, the film became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of all time, and grossed $241.4 million in North America,","title":"My Big Fat Greek Wedding"},{"id":"17528720","text":"(with translations by famous writers such as Salvatore Quasimodo), without sound systems because of the quality of the theatre's acoustics. Each theatre season begins in May and ends in July, attracting thousands of spectators from all over the world. Some of the most illustrious performed tragedies are \"Antigone\", \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Electra\", \"Medea\" and \"The Bacchae\". Aside from this, the theatre has enjoyed use for concerts and official prizegivings, like the Premio Vittorini, but such use has been tightly limited for conservation reasons. Since 2010 the theatre has been one of the monuments of the Servizio Parco Archeologico di Siracusa and","title":"Greek Theatre of Syracuse"},{"id":"17908934","text":"and the 4 points to Betty. After the combined final scores, three contestants had 10 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the three and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The fourth episode aired on March 30, 2014 and the winner was Giannis Savvidakis with 22 points. Savvidakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the foundation \"Grammi Gia To Paidi\". After the judges and contestants' scores, Pantelis and Sophia K. were tied. Zaharatos, who was the president of the judges for","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)"},{"id":"17908945","text":"Eleftheriou with 194 points. It was also the last time the judges were going to score the contestants since the winner is decided only by the audience. The thirteenth and final live aired on June 15, 2014 and the winner of the show was Giannis Savvidakis. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the thirteen live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the songs \"Genghis Khan\" by Lakis Jordanelli and \"Ksafnika m'agapas\" by The Idols. In","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)"},{"id":"1614544","text":"the Chorus is \"the ideal spectator\", and conveys to the actual spectator \"a lyrical and musical expression of his own emotions, and elevates him to the region of contemplation\". In many of these plays, the chorus expressed to the audience what the main characters could not say, such as their hidden fears or secrets. The chorus often provided other characters with the insight they needed. Some historians argue that the chorus was itself considered to be an actor. Scholars have considered Sophocles to be superior to Euripides in his choral writing. Of the two, Sophocles also won more dramatic contests.","title":"Greek chorus"},{"id":"20188034","text":"December 2017. The draw for this round took place on 15 January 2018. The draw for this round took place on 12 February 2018. Match officials 2017–18 Greek Football Cup The 2017–18 Greek Cup was the 76th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 33 clubs were accepted to enter. The competition commenced on September 2017 with the Preliminary Round and concluded on the 12th of May 2018 with the Final.PAOK won the competition for a second consecutive year(thus defending the title) beating AEK Athens 2-0 in the final held at Athens Olympic Stadium. The draw for this","title":"2017–18 Greek Football Cup"},{"id":"13472774","text":"Corporation (ERT) announced that Yiorkas was one of six participants in a national final to select Greece's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. Loucas placed 7th with 120 points, but on the public televote he placed 3rd with 176 points. Loukas Giorkas Loucas Yiorkas (; ; born in Larnaca, Aradippou, Cyprus, on 18 October 1986), is a Greek-Cypriot singer and model and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series \"The X Factor\". In September 2009 he released his first EP album, \"Mazi\", which attained gold status. He studies Biology at the","title":"Loukas Giorkas"},{"id":"17908933","text":"March 16, 2014 and the winner was Pantelis Kanarakis with 23 points. Kanarakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the orphanage \"Melissa\" of Thessaloniki. The third episode aired on March 23, 2014 and the winner was Lefteris Eleftheriou with 24 points. Eleftheriou chose to give the money from the audience voting to the needy children of the municipality of Naxos and small Cyclades. After the judges and contestants' scores, Betty and Sophia V. were tied. Gagaki, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 5 points to Sophia V.","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)"},{"id":"14151850","text":"Titos Vandis Titos Vandis (Greek: Τίτος Βανδής; 7 November 1917 – 23 February 2003) was a Greek actor who appeared in more than 100 films and television shows between 1953 and 2000. In 1962 he won the Best Actor award for the movie \"Poliorkia\" at the Thessaloniki International Film Festival. Vandis left Greece when a dictatorship took power and lived in the United States for 24 years. Vandis appeared in over 250 plays before making his Broadway debut in the Tony-nominated musical \"On A Clear Day You Can See Forever\" (1965). He created the role of Themistocles Kriakos, a Greek","title":"Titos Vandis"},{"id":"20076629","text":"both situations. The \"Secret Guest\" of the evening was Katerina Stikoudi, who transformed into Natassa Bofiliou and sang En Lefko. In the semifinals, the four contestants with the highest cumulative scores from all 11 weeks were announced and were the ones to compete in the finals. The four finalists were; Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 200 points, Isaias Matiaba with 196 points, Aris Makris with 190 points and Parthena Horozidou with 188 points. The remaining six players will perform in duets but they will not get scored. It was also the last time the judges were going to score the contestants since","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)"},{"id":"14877441","text":"good. By the liberality of expenditure (φιλοτιμία / philotimia) meets the recognition (χάρις / charis) of the city: the most lavish of liturgists were rewarded with honorific inscriptions or silver crowns with relatively low does not detract prestige they provide to their beneficiaries. For example, in Athens, trierarchs are often anxious to get a golden crowns 500, 300 and 200 drachmas for the first three trierarchs driving their vessel at the jetty. Similarly with the choregos, when the playwright who funds the choir won the competition, sharing with him the glory of his victory (he gets a prize and can","title":"Liturgy (ancient Greece)"},{"id":"154977","text":"under the supervision of Ernest Hébrard. Other modern Greek architects include Anastasios Metaxas, Panagis Kalkos, Ernst Ziller, Dimitris Pikionis and Georges Candilis. Theatre in its western form was born in Greece. The city-state of Classical Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its centre, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 6th century BC), comedy (486 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. During the Byzantine period, the theatrical art was heavily declined. According to","title":"Greece"},{"id":"19407008","text":"with 36 points. Philippidis, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 8 points to Apostolia and the 7 points to Josephine. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 13 points and other two had 21 points. In each tie, the one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The second episode aired on April 10, 2016 and the winner was Dimos with 24 points. Dimos chose to give the money from the audience voting to","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)"},{"id":"13472773","text":"Loukas Giorkas Loucas Yiorkas (; ; born in Larnaca, Aradippou, Cyprus, on 18 October 1986), is a Greek-Cypriot singer and model and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series \"The X Factor\". In September 2009 he released his first EP album, \"Mazi\", which attained gold status. He studies Biology at the University of Patras. Giorkas represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany along with Stereo Mike with the song \"Watch My Dance\", placing seventh with 120 points. The path in the show: On 11 January 2011, Greece's Hellenic Broadcasting","title":"Loukas Giorkas"},{"id":"18481011","text":"Ellinikós Telikós Ellinikós Telikós (Greek for \"Greek Final\") is a song contest which takes place every year in Athens, Greece. This contest decides who will represent Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest started in 1979, when Elpida took the title. Until 2001, Greece was introduced the televoting and jury to decide for the singer and for the song which will represent Greece in the Contest. Over the years, the contest takes place in various venues, from TV studios to concert halls. The most famous winners include Anna Vissi, Katy Garbi, Sakis Rouvas, Kalomira and Elena Paparizou. ERT, the","title":"Ellinikós Telikós"},{"id":"18481007","text":"Ellinikós Telikós Ellinikós Telikós (Greek for \"Greek Final\") is a song contest which takes place every year in Athens, Greece. This contest decides who will represent Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest started in 1979, when Elpida took the title. Until 2001, Greece was introduced the televoting and jury to decide for the singer and for the song which will represent Greece in the Contest. Over the years, the contest takes place in various venues, from TV studios to concert halls. The most famous winners include Anna Vissi, Katy Garbi, Sakis Rouvas, Kalomira and Elena Paparizou. ERT, the","title":"Ellinikós Telikós"},{"id":"17908941","text":"points to Pantelis, the 8 points to Aris, the 7 points to Costas and the 6 points to Eleftheria. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 9 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the two. The tenth episode aired on May 16, 2014. Because of the elections, this week's episode aired on Friday and not on Sunday like every week. The winner was Costas Doxas with 24 points. Doxas chose to give the money from the audience voting to \"Chatzikiriakio foundation\" of Piraeus. After the judges and","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)"},{"id":"17230492","text":"Each contestant gives five extra points to one of the other contestants, who was their favorite of the night. The judges' score is combined with the five extra points and that final score is combined with the audience's voting to determine the winner of the night. No one will be eliminating, but the winner will be according to the total score of each live. However the winner of each live show will give the money collected during the night from the audience's voting to a charity of their choice. The host for all the seasons of the show is Maria","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)"},{"id":"19936445","text":"final took place at Galatsi Olympic Hall and the winner was Giannis Margaris from the team of Kostis Maraveyas. Round One Round Two Final Round The Voice of Greece (season 3) The third season of the Greek Cypriot reality talent show The Voice of Greece premiered on November 16, 2016 on Skai TV. Based on the reality singing competition \"The Voice of Holland\", the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. It is part of an international series. The show is hosted by Giorgos Kapoutzidis with Elena Tsagkrinou serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Helena","title":"The Voice of Greece (season 3)"},{"id":"9940163","text":"Stozhary Festival Stozhary is the international actors film festival which takes place in Kiev, Ukraine. The name of the festival is an Old Slavonic counterpart for the asterism of Pleiades. In the mythology of ancient Greece Pleiads were the 7 beautiful daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione. Turned into 7 birds by Zeus they later became 7 bright stars, which formed beautiful constellation. The mysterious 7 became the code structure of the festival “Stozhary” – 7 days the festival lasts, 7 prizes the winners receive, 7 members of jury, 7 colors of rainbow which along with the","title":"Stozhary"},{"id":"3065946","text":"\"Trackers\", which was found at the beginning of the 20th century on a papyrus containing three-quarters of this work. According to the Suda, Euripides wrote either 75 or 92 plays, of which survive eighteen tragedies and the only complete surviving satyr play, the \"Cyclops\". His extant works are: Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out","title":"Greek tragedy"},{"id":"3096640","text":"Lila Kedrova Lila Kedrova (full name in Russian Елизавета (Лиля) Николаевна Кедрова) (9 October 1909- 16 February 2000) was a Russian-born French actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Zorba the Greek\" (1964), and the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for the same role in the musical version of the film. Kedrova said she was born in 1918 in Petrograd, Russia, yet she gave her age as 24 in a passenger list for New York City in February 1935 when touring with her theatre group, which implies a year","title":"Lila Kedrova"},{"id":"17908940","text":"the past in the Eurovision Song Contest, sang their entries; Sophia Vossou sang \"I Anixi\", Giannis Savvidakis sang \"Apopse As Vrethoume\" and Eleftheria Eleftheriou sang \"Aphrodisiac\". The ninth episode aired on May 11, 2014 and the winner was Giannis Savvidakis with 24 points. Savvidakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the foundation \"Grammi Gia To Paidi\". After the judges and contestants' scores, Pantelis and Aris were tied with 29 points and Costas and Eleftheria were tied with 27 points. Malfa, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 9","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)"},{"id":"7649074","text":"self-deprecation, and its possessor the self-deprecator\" (1108a12). In this passage, Aristotle establishes the \"eirôn\" as one of the main characters of comedy, along with the \"alazôn\". The modern term irony is derived from the \"eirôn\" of the classical Greek theatre. Irony entails opposition (not mere difference) between the actual meaning and the apparent meaning of something. Eiron In the theatre of ancient Greece, the eirôn () was one of three stock characters in comedy. The \"eirôn\" usually succeeded in bringing down his braggart opponent (the \"alazôn\") by understating his own abilities. The \"eirôn\" developed in Greek Old Comedy and can","title":"Eiron"},{"id":"12159832","text":"girls.\" \"This place is called Trikorfa,\" \"this place is called Valtetsi.\"\" The Greeks achieved a decisive victory and captured two cannons and ammunition. The battle itself lasted for nearly 24 hours. The casualties were also unexpectedly heavy for the Ottoman army: 600 dead compared to the 150 dead rebels. The Battle of Valtetsi was the first decisive Greek victory in their struggle for freedom. Its effects were as follows: Kolokotronis, according to his memoirs, said to his compatriots: \"We must render up thanksgivings for this day, which should be kept holy for ever, as the day upon which our Motherland","title":"Battle of Valtetsi"},{"id":"14012309","text":"fourth season. The show started on 25 March 2012. It was won by 14-year-old student Stelios Legakis (singer/guitar player). The fifth series premiered on October 1, 2017 on Skai TV. The host is Giorgos Lianos and the judges are Sakis Tanimanidis, Maria Bakodimou and Giorgos Kapoutzidis. It was won by acting group House of Drama. Each episode will feature a guest-star judge, who will have the ability to hit the golden buzzer and send the act to the semis. For the first episode, the guest-star was Greek presenter and host Fotis Sergoulopoulos, and aired on Monday, November 20th. The first","title":"Ellada Eheis Talento"},{"id":"19407021","text":"since the winner is decided only by the audience. The twelfth and final live aired on June 26, 2016 and the winner of the show was Giannis Kritikos. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the twelve live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the songs \"Roz Bikini\" and \"Pame Gia Trelles Stis Seychelles\" by Polina. During her performance, Polina herself joined her and continued performing together. The six contestants who did not compete in the","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)"},{"id":"17230685","text":"nodule she had the previous week. Livitsanou received the same points as the contestant who was last during the week, Konstantinos Kazakos. The tenth live of the show aired on June 19, 2013 and not on June 16, 2013 as it was scheduled due to the media strike of that day. Winner of the night was Thomai Apergi. Apergi chose to give the money from the audience voting to \"Trauma\" foundation. The eleventh live of the show aired on June 23, 2013 and the winner of the night was Thanasis Alevras for the third time on the show. Alevras chose","title":"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)"},{"id":"17147366","text":"that at least 3.3 million viewers tuned into the show for at least one minute throughout the duration of the show. 58,146 public votes were received, of which 36,881 were via SMS voting and 21,265 via televoting. Koza Mostra & Agathonas Iakovidis were the overall winners, coming first in both the televoting and jury votes. Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show is a Greek national final, held to select the Greek entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. ERT announced on 15 January 2013 that it had reached an agreement with private music channel","title":"Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show"},{"id":"1667774","text":"the great city of Greek theatre. Theatrical performances lasted eight consecutive hours and were performed as part of a competition in which a jury proclaimed a winner. While the decor of the provisional theatres was very simple, the permanent theatrical venues of ancient Athens eventually became more sumptuous and elaborate. No matter the performance venue, plays were performed by, at most, three actors, who wore masks to identify them with the characters they portrayed; they were accompanied by a chorus who sang and danced. The dramatic poets from this era whose plays have survived are: The Golden Age featured some","title":"Fifth-century Athens"},{"id":"14012310","text":"semi-final aired on Tuesday December 12th. The second semi-final is set to air on Sunday, December 17th. The fifth series premiered on September 30, 2018 on Skai TV. The host is Giorgos Lianos and the judges are Sakis Tanimanidis, Maria Bakodimou and Giorgos Kapoutzidis. It was won by acting group En Xoro. Ellada Eheis Talento Ellada Eheis Talento (; ) is a Greek reality television series and is part of the Got Talent multinational franchise. It premiered in Greece for the first time on March 23, 2007 and ended after 4 seasons on June 25, 2012 on the ANT1. On","title":"Ellada Eheis Talento"},{"id":"8361073","text":"received around 73,500 votes and \"Let's Get Wild\" got around 20,500. The nine jury members gave points between 1 and 10 for the songs in a school-grade style system, giving the best song 10 points. Seven jury members voted for \"My Number One\", one gave the maximum points to \"OK\" and one voted for \"Let's Get Wild\". \"My Number One\" won with 83 points, while \"Let's Get Wild\" placed third with 48 points, and \"OK\" third with 46 points. Although \"Let's Get Wild\" received a higher score from the jury than \"OK\", it placed third when the televoting and SMS","title":"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3065944\",\n \"text\": \"the name of their choice inside an urn, after which five tablets were randomly selected. The person who received the highest number of votes won. The winning author, actor and choir were thus selected not purely by lot, but chance did play a part. The passion of the Greeks for the tragedy was overwhelming: Athens, said the critics, spent more on theatre than on the fleet. When the cost for the shows became a sensitive subject, an admission fee was instated, alongside the so-called \\\"theorikon\\\", a special fund to pay for festival's expenses. Of the many tragedies known to have\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17540677\",\n \"text\": \"backstage reporter respectively. Auditions for the season were held in Thesalloniki, Athens (Greece) and Nicosia (Cyprus). The show was broadcast on ANT1 and it was since the first episode a success with rates getting over 50% in household rating. Four contestants, one from each team, advanced to the final live show. Each one of the four finalists had their own song written by members of the Universal Music Group. Kiriakou was announced as the winner of the season, while Kosmidou was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Kintatos and Charalambous. The second season of \\\"The Voice of\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9829153\",\n \"text\": \"reality series called Rush*d followed the six finalists that were selected by ABC Family staff from their hometowns and college campuses to Los Angeles. The Finalists: In the fifth episode of Rush'd, Laura Wise was announced the winner of the contest. In season two of Virtual Rush, Tom Kruszewski – Puckstopper35, was announced as the winner of the second and final contest. Following the second season the website was rendered inert. In the United Kingdom, episodes were followed by special behind-the-scenes features entitled \\\"Greek Uncovered\\\", which were available on BBC iPlayer and aired on BBC Three. In the Australian iTunes\",\n \"title\": \"Greek (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20028897\",\n \"text\": \"a decision is made.Judges selected 96 performances between them the 3 of them,are duets.Radio station \\\"Rythmos 94.9\\\" hosted a draw which was called \\\"Rythmos Auditions\\\".The winner of the \\\"Rythmos Auditions\\\" qualified to the live auditions.The official YouTube channel of ANT1,organized a draw which was called \\\"Youtube Auditions\\\".The winner was determined from the video likes and qualified to the live auditions.The total of performances in Live Auditions was 98. Acts are announced.Only 16 contestants in waiting get the chance of actually performing during the show that day. As a reportage of the randomly announced performer is shown, viewers are invited to\",\n \"title\": \"Rising Star (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17540678\",\n \"text\": \"Greece\\\" premiered on February 15, 2015 and concluded on June 21, 2015. The coaches from the first season, Aslanidou, Remos, Vandi and Kouinelis remained as the coaches while Giorgos Liagkas also stayed as the presenter. Four contestants, one from each team, advanced to the final live show. Each one of the four finalists had their own song written by members of the Universal Music Group. Ageris was announced as the winner of the season, while Vilanidi was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Mallas and Kabanelli. The third season of \\\"The Voice of Greece\\\" premiered on November\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16095265\",\n \"text\": \"Greek government-debt crisis. An estimated 24,557 televotes were cast in the final, 14,172 coming from SMS votes and 10,385 from phone in votes. All proceeds from the televoting went to a charitable organizations \\\"Kivotos Tou Kosmou\\\" (Arc of the world), \\\"Paidika Horia SOS\\\" (Children's villages SOS), and \\\"To Hamogelo Tou Paidiou\\\" (The smile of a child). Eleftheria Eleftheriou was the overall winner of the night, winning both the jury and televote in a landslide victory. Following the national final, Eleftheriou plans to embark on a promotional campaign, the majority of which will be via internet. During the Semi-Final Allocation draw\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065943\",\n \"text\": \"chosen by the \\\"archon eponymous\\\". This procedure might have been based on a provisional script, each of which had to submit a tetralogy consisting of three tragedies and a satyr play. Each tetralogy was recited in one day, so that the recitation of tragedies lasted three days. The fourth day was dedicated to the staging of five comedies. At the end of these three days a jury of ten people chosen by lot from the body of citizens chose the best choir, best actor and best author. At the end of the performances, the judges placed a tablet inscribed with\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230679\",\n \"text\": \"came from the judges but Alevras' from the audience. Alevras chose to give the money from the audience voting to \\\"To Spiti Tou Ithopiou\\\" (The Actor's House). The second live of the show aired on April 21, 2013 and the winner of the night was Thanasis Alevras for the second time. Alevras chose to give the money from the audience voting once again to \\\"To Spiti Tou Ithopiou\\\" (The Actor's House). The third live of the show aired on April 28, 2013 and winner of the night was Kostas Martakis. Martakis chose to give the money from the audience voting\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811771\",\n \"text\": \"librarians later in Greek history, also played a role in what survived from this period). After the Great Destruction of Athens by the Persian Empire in 480 BCE, the town and acropolis were rebuilt, and theatre became formalized and an even greater part of Athenian culture and civic pride. This century is normally regarded as the Golden Age of Greek drama. The centre-piece of the annual Dionysia, which took place once in winter and once in spring, was a competition between three tragic playwrights at the Theatre of Dionysus. Each submitted three tragedies, plus a satyr play (a comic, burlesque\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811768\",\n \"text\": \"performer — i.e., a \\\"thespian.\\\" The dramatic performances were important to the Athenians – this is made clear by the creation of a tragedy competition and festival in the City Dionysia. This was organized possibly to foster loyalty among the tribes of Attica (recently created by Cleisthenes). The festival was created roughly around 508 BC. While no drama texts exist from the sixth century BC, we do know the names of three competitors besides Thespis: Choerilus, Pratinas, and Phrynichus. Each is credited with different innovations in the field. More is known about Phrynichus. He won his first competition between 511\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14911701\",\n \"text\": \"Greek Civil War Τhe Greek Civil War (, \\\"o Emfýlios\\\" [\\\"Pólemos\\\"], \\\"the Civil War\\\") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria. It is often considered the first proxy war of the Cold War, although the Soviet Union avoided sending aid. The fighting resulted in the defeat of the DSE by the Hellenic Army. Founded\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7508828\",\n \"text\": \"was made up of Mimis Plessas, Antonis Andrikakis, Dimitris Starovas, Themos Anastasiadis, Christina Politi, Evangelia Piskera, Antonis Karatzikos, Rena Kapitsala, and a ninth vote was split between Sietse Bakker of \\\"ESCToday\\\" and Fotis Konstantopoulos of \\\"Oikotimes\\\". \\\"Everything\\\" was proclaimed the winner after receiving 47.79% of the total vote, representing over 200,000 televotes. Vissi received 55.66% of the vote from the viewers and 35.98% from the jury. \\\"Welcome to the Party\\\" placed second with 26.32% (27.69% from the viewers; 24.27% from the jury), 13.72% (7.25% from the viewers; 24.43% from the jury) for \\\"Who Cares About Love\\\" in third place, and\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065912\",\n \"text\": \"Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out in honor of Dionysus, and it heavily influenced the theatre of Ancient Rome and the Renaissance. Tragic plots were most often based upon myths from the oral traditions of archaic epics. In tragic theatre, however, these narratives were presented by actors. The most acclaimed Greek tragedians are Aeschylus,\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076623\",\n \"text\": \"audience got the highest final place out of the two in both situations. The \\\"Secret Guests\\\" of the evening were Loukas Giorkas, who helped Dimitris Makalias with his transformation and sang his song \\\"Watch My Dance\\\" and Alexis Kostalas, the long-time Greek spokesman who announced the votes for Greece between 1998 and 2010. Also, Fotis Sergoulopoulos transformed into Alexander Rybak and sang \\\"Fairytale\\\", the 2009 winning song. The fourth episode aired on May 14, 2017 and the winner was Parthena with 23 points. Parthena chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \\\"Agia Marina\\\" in Kavala.\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20028902\",\n \"text\": \"end of the semi-final,the judges select the contestant who want to participate in the final.The vote panelist of judges is 5%. The winner was Giannis Xanthopoulos from the team of Christos Mastoras. Rising Star (Greek TV series) Rising Star (translated as Ανερχόμενο Αστέρι) is a Greek interactive reality singing competition, which was first broadcast on ANT1 from December 12, 2016. It is based on the \\\"Rising Star\\\" franchise created by Keshet Broadcasting. As the season begins, each contestant is asked to perform a well-known song in front of judges. After the song a vote is taken among judges whether to\",\n \"title\": \"Rising Star (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17540680\",\n \"text\": \"Voice of Greece premiered on October 3, 2017 and conclude in December 20, 2017 on Skai TV (Greece) and Sigma TV (Cyprus). The coaches from the third season, Paparizou, Rouvas, Maraveyas and Mouzourakis remained as the coaches while Kapoutzidis also stayed as the presenter but Laura Narjes is the new that she will serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Eight contestants, three from Rouvas team, two from Mouzourakis and Maraveyas team and one from Paparizou team, advanced to the final live show. Zioris was announced as the winner of the season, while Ioakeim was declared as the runner-up.\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065921\",\n \"text\": \"speech about his own situation or, when he enters as messenger, with a narrative of disastrous events ... Naturally, the transformation of the leader into an actor entailed a dramatization of the chorus. Tradition attributes Thespis as the first person to represent a character in a play. This took place in 534 BC during the Dionysia established by Peisistratus. Of his tragedies we know little except that the choir was still formed by Satyrs and that, according to Aristotle, he was the first to win a dramatic contest, and the first () who portrayed a character rather than speaking as\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17540679\",\n \"text\": \"16, 2016 and concluded on March 2, 2017 on Skai TV (Greece) and Sigma TV (Cyprus). The new coaches of the third season were Helena Paparizou, Sakis Rouvas, Kostis Maraveyas and Panos Mouzourakis while The show is hosted by Giorgos Kapoutzidis with Elena Tsagkrinou serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Eight contestants, four from Maraveyas team and two from Mouzourakis and Rouvas team, advanced to the final live show. Margaris was announced as the winner of the season, while Leipsaki was declared as the runner-up. Third and fourth places were Theodorou and Milioni. The fourth season of The\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16007238\",\n \"text\": \"Music. 2012: \\\"Tha me vreis\\\" (in Greek \\\"Θα με βρεις\\\") Panagiotis Tsakalakos Panagiotis Tsakalakos (in Greek Παναγιώτης Τσακαλάκος) (born in New Jersey, United States in c. 1978) a Greek-American singer and guitarist is the winner of the second series of \\\"Greek Idol\\\". In the final held on 25 June 2011, he won with 53.8% of the public votes against rival finalist Malou Kiriakopoulou (in Greek Μαλού Κυριακοπούλου). Soon after his win, he released his debut single \\\"Poly mou paei\\\" (in Greek \\\"Πολύ Μου Πάει\\\"). Panagiotis Tsakalakos parents went to the U.S. in the early 1970s where his father did graduate\",\n \"title\": \"Panagiotis Tsakalakos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076621\",\n \"text\": \"points to Giannis Chatzopoulos, the 5 points to Antonis and the 4 points to Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 14 points and other three had 12 points. In each tie, the one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The second episode aired on April 30, 2017 and the winner was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 22 points. Chatzigeorgiou chose to give the money from audience to \\\"The Smile of the Child\\\". After the combined final scores, two contestants had 23\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230677\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"Mana\\\" (Mother) organization every week. During the live shows, no one is eliminated at the end of the night. At the end of the semifinal, the four couples with the highest cumulative scores from all eleven lives are the ones who can compete at the final for the first place. The four finalists are scored only by the audience in the final and the contestant who receives the most votes is the winner of the show. Audience is able to vote during the whole week for the winner. The host of the show was Maria Bekatorou and the four\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230496\",\n \"text\": \"contestants were five women and five men; Josephine, Apostolia Zoi, Valeria Kouroupi, Eleni Karakasi, Mathildi Maggira, Stamatis Gardelis, Othonas Metaxas, Valandis, Dimos Beke and Giannis Kritikos. The trailer of the season started airing on March 18, 2016. The last show was aired on June 26, 2016 and the winner of the season was the singer Giannis Kritikos. The fourth season of the show premiered on 23 April 2017 on ANT1 and the contestants this time were four women and six men; Sabrina, Irene Trost, Koni Metaxa, Parthena Horozidou, Isaias Matiaba, Aris Makris, Giannis Chatzigeorgiou, Antonis Dominos, Giannis Chatzopoulos and Dimitris\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14127135\",\n \"text\": \"Greek Idol Greek Idol is a reality television competition to find new solo singing talent. Part of the \\\"Idol\\\" franchise, it is based on the British show \\\"Pop Idol\\\" created by Simon Fuller. The first season of the show debut on March 5, 2010 on Alpha TV. The second season is scheduled to premiere on 19 February 2011. The show is broadcast simultaneously by Sigma TV in Cyprus. The program, which also holds auditions in Cyprus, aims to discover the best singer with the winner determined by the viewers. Through telephone and SMS text voting, viewers choose Valanto Trifonos as\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Idol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811776\",\n \"text\": \"the current state of the art. The first seats in Greek theatres (other than just sitting on the ground) were wooden, but around 499 BCE the practice of inlaying stone blocks into the side of the hill to create permanent, stable seating became more common. They were called the \\\"prohedria\\\" and reserved for priests and a few most respected citizens. In 465 BCE, the playwrights began using a backdrop or scenic wall, which hung or stood behind the orchestra, which also served as an area where actors could change their costumes. It was known as the \\\"skênê\\\" (from which the\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16007237\",\n \"text\": \"Panagiotis Tsakalakos Panagiotis Tsakalakos (in Greek Παναγιώτης Τσακαλάκος) (born in New Jersey, United States in c. 1978) a Greek-American singer and guitarist is the winner of the second series of \\\"Greek Idol\\\". In the final held on 25 June 2011, he won with 53.8% of the public votes against rival finalist Malou Kiriakopoulou (in Greek Μαλού Κυριακοπούλου). Soon after his win, he released his debut single \\\"Poly mou paei\\\" (in Greek \\\"Πολύ Μου Πάει\\\"). Panagiotis Tsakalakos parents went to the U.S. in the early 1970s where his father did graduate work at Northwestern. He holds bachelor's and master's degrees in\",\n \"title\": \"Panagiotis Tsakalakos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12205478\",\n \"text\": \"Is Our Night\\\" was declared the winner, gaining a large majority of the votes. Following the selection of the song, Rouvas began a promotional tour around Europe and appeared on many shows, including the selections for other countries participating in the Contest. At the second semi-final of the Contest on May 14, Greece qualified for the final after coming in fourth place with 110 points. At the May 16 final, Rouvas presented \\\"This Is Our Night\\\" eighth out of 25 and at the end of voting, was awarded seventh place, marking Greece's sixth consecutive top 10 placing since 2004. Prior\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076620\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Bekatorou and the four judges will be Elli Kokkinou, Stamatis Fassoulis, Fotis Sergoulopoulos and Nikos Moutsinas. Ten contestants in total competed in the fourth season; four women and six men: The premiere aired on April 23, 2017 and winner of the first live was Isaias with 22 points. Isaias chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \\\"Syllogos Iliachtida\\\" in Agrinio. After the judges and contestants' scores, Giannis Chatzigeorgiou, Giannis Chatzopoulos and Antonis were tied with 24 points. Kokkinou, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 6\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076630\",\n \"text\": \"the winner is decided only by the audience. The twelfth and final live aired on July 13, 2017 and the winner of the show was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the twelve live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the song \\\"Den Kanei Kryo stin Ellada\\\" by Locomondo. The six contestants who did not compete in the finals, received a special award for their participation on the show. Your Face Sounds Familiar\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15546600\",\n \"text\": \"the judges had been left amazed with her vocal abilities. Having been chosen in the final 10 of the show, week by week her performances were applauded by the judges and the public. However it was not only her voice that won their hearts but also her petite-frame and childish naiveness. No \\\"Greek Idol\\\" fan can forget her nickname \\\"Fraoulitsa/Φραουλίτσα\\\" (little strawberry), given to her by one of the judges, Petros Kostopoulos. \\\"Greek Idol I\\\" ended with Nicole winning 2nd place. Straight after the end of \\\"Greek Idol I\\\" in June 2010, Nicole began her journey in the music pathways\",\n \"title\": \"Nicole Paparistodemou\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2153248\",\n \"text\": \"The Persians The Persians (, \\\"Persai\\\", Latinised as \\\"Persae\\\") is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus. It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BCE, with Pericles serving as \\\"choregos\\\". The first play in the trilogy, called \\\"Phineus\\\", presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus. The subject of the third\",\n \"title\": \"The Persians\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17540655\",\n \"text\": \"in the Galatsi Olympic Hall, in Galatsi, Athens, Greece. Maria Elena Kiriakou, Kostas Ageris, Giannis Margaris and Yiorgos Zioris are currently the four winners produced by the series. The show was renewed for a second season on ANT1 TV that premiered during the 2014–2015 season along with a kids version of the show, which was later canceled. \\\"The Voice of Greece\\\" was often mentioned in July–August 2013 by the media as the new reality show on the Greek television. Even though no broadcaster had officially announce the show, ANT1 and Mega Channel were the possible channels that would host the\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11711511\",\n \"text\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 Greece and Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT) chose to host a national selection with the winner being chosen by SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \\\"expert\\\" jury (40%). Mando was chosen with \\\"Never Let You Go\\\" and achieved 17th place in Eurovision. The national final took place on February 26, 2003 at the Ciné Keramikos nightclub. The hosts of the show were Dafni Bokota, Rika Vagiani and Popi Tsapanidou. The winner was chosen via SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \\\"expert\\\" jury (40%). By order performed: \\\"Never Let You Go\\\" was performed\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15304623\",\n \"text\": \"Eugenia Manolidou. The judges of the Greek show were Yiannis Loukakos, Lefteris Lazarou and Dimitris Skarmoutsos. The winner of the first series was Akis Petretzikis. The second season premiered on 24 December 2012. This season was hosted by Maria Synatsaki and all three chefs remain as judges. The show was put on hiatus after the penultimate episode due to financial difficulties of both the production company, Studio ATA, and Mega Channel itself, resulting in both finalists being declared winners. The two winners are Kostis Kampas and Mpampis Koudouris. The third season premiered on 4 May 2017. The judges of the\",\n \"title\": \"MasterChef Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076624\",\n \"text\": \"The guests of the evening were Zeta Makripoulia, who replaced Elli Kokkinou due to Kokkinou's business commitments and the cast of the musical Evita. The fifth episode aired on May 25, 2017 and the winner was Aris with 24 points. Aris chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \\\"Kethea-Orizontes\\\" in Athens. The guests of the evening were Thanasis Alevras, who replaced Fotis Sergoulopoulos due to Sergoulopoulos' planned trip and Kostas Voutsas who helped Dimitris Makalias during his performance. The sixth episode aired on June 1, 2017 and the winner was Aris with 24 points. Aris\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811766\",\n \"text\": \"it lost its ability for change and growth. For these reasons, among many others, oral storytelling flourished in Greece. Greek tragedy as we know it was created in Athens around the time of 532 BC, when Thespis was the earliest recorded actor. Being a winner of the first theatrical contest held in Athens, he was the \\\"exarchon\\\", or leader, of the dithyrambs performed in and around Attica, especially at the rural Dionysia. By Thespis' time, the dithyramb had evolved far away from its cult roots. Under the influence of heroic epic, Doric choral lyric and the innovations of the poet\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11714767\",\n \"text\": \"points were then performed for a second time where the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and a second vote by the \\\"expert\\\" jury (50%). The winner of the televoting was rewarded four points, the second placed song three points, the third two points and the fourth one point. The same point value was awarded with the jury's vote. In the event of a tie, the televoting result was given greater value. This vote was performed only by the judging panel. The top four songs were sent to the final vote. By order performed: The four best songs were performed\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19971293\",\n \"text\": \"Star Academy (Greek TV series) Star Academy was a Greek reality TV show. The series began on March 17, 2017 on the E Channel network and completed in July 15, 2017 The Judges were Anna Vissi, Petros Kostopoulos, Nikos Mouratides, Nikos Karvelas (after him: Alexandros Rigas) and Natalia Germanou. Presenters Menios Fourthiotis (stage) Martzi Lazarou (backstage) Sotiris Karamitzas (backstage) Final results: 1st place: Xristina Xirokosta 2nd place: Elena Koroneou 3rd place: Stylianos Xanthos Star Academy - Super Star Academy Lives 1 - 4: Star Academy (note: no backstage room) Lives 5 - 16: Super Star Academy Star Academy Kick off\",\n \"title\": \"Star Academy (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230494\",\n \"text\": \"men; Anta Livitsanou, Crystallia, Mando, Sylvia Delikoura, Thomai Apergi, Konstantinos Kazakos, Kostas Martakis, Krateros Katsoulis, Nikos Ganos and Thanasis Alevras. The trailer of the season featured a man transforming to Madonna and singing \\\"\\\"Like a Virgin\\\"\\\" while Bekatorou says: \\\"It's coming and it will change our Sundays\\\". The last show was aired on June 30, 2013 and the winner of the season was the actor Thanasis Alevras. The second season of the show premiered on March 9, 2014 on ANT1 and the contestants are five women and five men; Eleftheria Eleftheriou, Sophia Vossou, Betty Maggira, Sophia Kourtidou, Vanessa Adamopoulou, Giannis\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811764\",\n \"text\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honored the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies. The word τραγῳδία ('tragodia'), from which the word \\\"tragedy\\\" is derived, is a compound of two Greek\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13652035\",\n \"text\": \"and songwriter Poseidon Yannopoulos. The winner was Giorgos Alkaios & Friends with the song \\\"Opa\\\". The placings of the other participants were not revealed. On 15 March 2010, ERT revealed the jury and televoting results of the top three songs. Songs were awarded points as they would in the Eurovision Song Contest. As the top three songs were all tied in points, the public vote prevailed with Giorgos Alkaios winning. Due to financial constraints facing ERT, the winning entry had a limited budget compared to past years, with ERT only paying for the music video and a very limited promotional\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7017252\",\n \"text\": \"Greece won for the first time in 2005 with Elena Paparizou singing \\\"My Number One\\\", which at the time tied for the record for the most number of \\\"twelve points\\\" allocated to a song (ten in total) along with Katrina and the Waves' 1997 \\\"Love Shine A Light\\\". The song also made Greece the first country not a member of Big Four to win the contest without going through a semifinal. After Eurovision, the song topped the charts in Greece, Cyprus and Sweden and entered the top ten in Romania, the Netherlands, Hungary, Belgium, as well as the American \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10263443\",\n \"text\": \"Κωστόπουλος)<br> Igor Mara Hernandez (Ιγκόρ Μόρα Ερνάντες)<br> Andreas Ioannou (Αντρέας Ιωάννου) <br> Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου)<br> Anastasios Kanaridis (Αναστάσιος Καναρίδης) The winner of season two was Elena Tsikitikou (Ελενα Τσικιτίκου).<br> Top 4: Ania Donchenko, Zoï Tatopoulos, Igor Mara Hernandez Contributors:<br> Hostess: Doukissa Nomikou (Δούκισσα Νομικού) <br> Judge 1: Ivan Svitailo (Ιβάν Σβιτάιλο)<br> Judge 2: Konstantinos Rigos (Κωνσταντίνος Ρήγος)<br> Judge 3: Panos Metaxopoulos (Πάνος Μεταξόπουλος)<br> Judge 4: Eleni Foureira (Ελένη Φουρέιρα)<br> Judge 5: Ioannis Melissanidis (Ιωάννης Μελισσανίδης)<br> Choreographer: Bill RoXenos (Μπίλ Ρόξενος)<br> Choreographer: Courtney Parker (Κόρτνεϊ Πάρκερ)<br> Choreographer: Zoï Tatopoulos (Ζωή Τατόπουλος)<br> Choreographer: Alexander Velinov (Αλεξάντερ Βέλινοβ)<br> Choreographer: Vivi Stamoyli (Βιβή\",\n \"title\": \"So You Think You Can Dance (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9268490\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Bakodimou. The artists involved in the national final were Sarbel, Christos Dantis, and Tamta. The winner was chosen via 50% Tele-voting/SMS Messaging and 50% internal jury. Similar to the previous year's show, there was also entertainment in the show. Some of the international guests included Swiss participant DJ Bobo, Cypriot participants Evridiki and Dimitris Korgialas, Belarus participant Dmitry Koldun, and Bulgarian participants Elitsa Todorova & Stoyan Yankulov. Greek entertainment included Natasa Theodoridou, Michalis Hatzigiannis, and Despina Olympiou. Elena Paparizou and Sakis Rouvas were also guest at the show but did not sing. The hosts also provided comedy skits, an\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13048208\",\n \"text\": \"same moment, a Greek flag is displayed on the floor, only visible to the television viewers. The final part of the performance was completed by silver fireworks in two separate parts. The official \\\"Eurovision\\\" website states that, this year, Greece had made \\\"high-tech advancements\\\" in the contest's standards. Whilst Rouvas was disappointed with his seventh-place finish, announcing to Greek media \\\"I am so sorry, I wanted us to win\\\", there was still unanimous support towards the artist himself in the country. \\\"Seventh in Europe, first in our hearts\\\" many journalists reported on Greek television. The media and public pronounced their\",\n \"title\": \"This Is Our Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17879257\",\n \"text\": \"night clubs, Andreas sets off to find her, wandered in the places of night fun. Soon Stella is disappointed by the people of nightlife and returns to Andreas. winner: nominated: Edge of Night (film) Edge of Night (Greek:Αυτή η νύχτα μένει/Afti i nyhta menei) is a Greek film directed by Nikos Panayotopoulos. The film released on 7 January 2000 and stars Nikos Kouris and Athina Maximou. It won six awards in Greek State Film Awards. Stella is a beautiful young woman with a talent in singing. She dreams of doing one day a big career in singing. Andreas, her boyfriend\",\n \"title\": \"Edge of Night (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8217558\",\n \"text\": \"given to the contestant. The other half is given to a viewer that has participated in a text message contest going on during the broadcast. Usually, three of the boxes contain items of little value (such as a brick, an umbrella, or a souvlaki). Sometimes, the Banker offers a box exchange instead of cash. A player won the top prize after refusing the offer of €80,000. The show ended in February 2008, before returning on October 2010. NOTE: The daytime version of the show returned in October 2010, with the top prize reduced to €150,000, and further adjustments made to\",\n \"title\": \"Deal (Greek game show)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19810553\",\n \"text\": \"SunStroke Project were the guests of the night, singing the Cypriot entry \\\"Gravity\\\" and the Moldovan entry \\\"Hey, Mamma!\\\" respectively. Initially, ERT announced that the winning song would be selected by 100% televoting. Later, it was announced that for the first time, together with the public, the song would be selected by a jury of Greek communities of the Diaspora. In particular, their vote gave representatives of communities from Belgium, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Germany (Munich and Nuremberg), Armenia, Italy, Austria and Ukraine. The quota on the ballot was 70% public (via televoting) and 30% jury. According to Eurovision rules, all nations\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230497\",\n \"text\": \"Makalias. The trailer of the season started airing on March 27, 2017. The last show was aired on July 14, 2017 and the winner of the season was the singer Giannis Chatzigeorgiou. The fifth season of the show will premiere on January 2019 on ANT1. Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series) Your Face Sounds Familiar is the Greek version of the international reality television franchise \\\"Your Face Sounds Familiar\\\", developed by Endemol. The show premiered on 14 April 2013 on ANT1. The show consists of twelve live shows, where ten celebrities (singers and actors) try to incarnate various stars\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12570139\",\n \"text\": \"for the first three seasons. For the fourth and fifth season was broadcast live in Greece via Skai TV and in Cyprus via Sigma TV. From sixth season is broadcast live in Greece via Open TV and in Cyprus via Omega. The winners of the show are: in the 1st season is Loukas Giorkas, in 2nd is Stavros Michalakakos, in 3rd is Harry Antoniou, in 4th is Andreas Leontas, and in 5th is Panagiotis Koufogiannis. There are four stages to the competition: To date, five series have been broadcast, as summarised below. Key: The first series of the Greek X\",\n \"title\": \"The X Factor (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3642522\",\n \"text\": \"two giants of Athenian tragedy: Aeschylus and Euripides. When it was performed for the first time at the Lenaia Festival in 405 BC, just one year after the death of Euripides, the Athenians awarded it first prize. It was the only Greek play that was ever given an encore performance, which took place two months later at the City Dionysia. Even today, \\\"The Frogs\\\" still appeals to modern audiences. A commercially successful modern musical adaptation of it was performed on Broadway in 2004. The third dramatic genre was the satyr play. Although the genre was popular, only one complete example\",\n \"title\": \"Ancient Greek literature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065938\",\n \"text\": \"figures performed by the Chorus as they present their odes. To the right and left of the theatron are the \\\"paradoi\\\", which are used not only by the spectators for entering and leaving the theatre, but also for the entrances and exits of actors and the Chorus. Directly beyond the circular \\\"orchestra\\\" lies the \\\"skene\\\" or scene building. ... In most plays the skene represents the facade of a house, a palace, or a temple. The skene normally had three doors which served as additional entrances and exits for the actors. Immediately in front of the scene-building was a level\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065942\",\n \"text\": \"emphasis in Euripides’ Orestes on political factions, for example, is directly relevant to the Athens of 408 BCE. The performances of the tragedies took place in Athens on the occasion of the Great Dionysia, feasts in honor of Dionysus celebrated in the month of Elaphebolion, towards the end of March. It was organized by the State and the eponymous archon, who picked three of the richest citizens to pay for the drama's expenses. In the Athenian democracy wealthy citizens were required to fund public services, a practice known as \\\"liturgy\\\". During the Dionysia a contest took place between three plays,\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14911777\",\n \"text\": \"had they lived in that era\\\", 39% responded \\\"neither side\\\", 14% responded \\\"the right wing\\\", 23% \\\"the left wing\\\" ; while 24% did not respond. The following are available only in Greek: Greek Civil War Τhe Greek Civil War (, \\\"o Emfýlios\\\" [\\\"Pólemos\\\"], \\\"the Civil War\\\") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria. It\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20188033\",\n \"text\": \"2017–18 Greek Football Cup The 2017–18 Greek Cup was the 76th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 33 clubs were accepted to enter. The competition commenced on September 2017 with the Preliminary Round and concluded on the 12th of May 2018 with the Final.PAOK won the competition for a second consecutive year(thus defending the title) beating AEK Athens 2-0 in the final held at Athens Olympic Stadium. The draw for this round took place on August 2017. The draw for this round took place on 11 August 2017. The draw for this round took place on 4\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Greek Football Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17869822\",\n \"text\": \"The Voice of Greece (season 2) The second season of the Greek and Cypriot reality talent show The Voice of Greece premiered in February 15, 2015 on ANT1. Based on the reality singing competition \\\"The Voice of Holland\\\", the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. It is part of an international series. On July 16, 2014, it was confirmed that both the presenters and the coaches of the previous season would return. The winner receives a record deal with Minos EMI and a Peugeot 108 as part of his prizes. Each coach of the season had,\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12231408\",\n \"text\": \"the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and a second vote by the \\\"expert\\\" jury (50%). Ten songs performed in the first round. The top five songs were chosen by an \\\"expert jury\\\" and were performed again. By order performed: The five best songs were performed for a second time where the winner was chosen via televoting (50%) and by the expert judging panel (50%). By order performed: Rakintzis performed 3rd in the running order at the Eurovision 2002 final. He was accompanied on stage with four male singers/dancers all dressed in plastic robot type suits. The song finished 17th\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7017257\",\n \"text\": \"band Argo with the song \\\"Utopian Land\\\". For the first time since the semi-finals were introduced in 2004, Greece failed to qualify for the final. They finished 16th in the first semi-final. In 2017, ERT selected the composer Dimitris Kontopoulos and the choreographer Fokas Evangelinos internally. They chose Demy for representing Greece in Kiev. ERT agreed, and on the 6 March 2017, Greece chose their song via a national final. Three songs were competed: \\\"Angels\\\", \\\"This Is Love\\\" and \\\"When The Morning Comes Around\\\". The final result was combined by 70% from televoting and by 30% from international juries from\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076625\",\n \"text\": \"chose to give the money from the audience voting to the organization \\\"Kethea-Orizontes\\\" in Athens. After the combined final scores, three contestants had 17 points and two contestants had 9 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the two in both situations. The seventh episode aired on June 8, 2017 and the winner was Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 22 points. Chatzigeorgiou chose to give the money from audience to \\\"The Smile of the Child\\\". After the combined final scores, two contestants had 16 points and two contestants had 13 points.\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811774\",\n \"text\": \"had a chorus from 12 to 15 people, who performed the plays in verse accompanied by music, beginning in the morning and lasting until the evening. The performance space was a simple circular space, the \\\"orchestra\\\", where the chorus danced and sang. The orchestra, which had an average diameter of 78 feet, was situated on a flattened terrace at the foot of a hill, the slope of which produced a natural \\\"theatron\\\", literally \\\"seeing place\\\". Later, the term \\\"theatre\\\" came to be applied to the whole area of theatron, orchestra, and skené. The \\\"coryphaeus\\\" was the head chorus member who\",\n \"title\": \"Theatre of ancient Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19971295\",\n \"text\": \"on air at first six and then five times a week at 21.00 and during them the viewers could watch the contestants`s life in the academy. Star Academy (Greek TV series) Star Academy was a Greek reality TV show. The series began on March 17, 2017 on the E Channel network and completed in July 15, 2017 The Judges were Anna Vissi, Petros Kostopoulos, Nikos Mouratides, Nikos Karvelas (after him: Alexandros Rigas) and Natalia Germanou. Presenters Menios Fourthiotis (stage) Martzi Lazarou (backstage) Sotiris Karamitzas (backstage) Final results: 1st place: Xristina Xirokosta 2nd place: Elena Koroneou 3rd place: Stylianos Xanthos Star\",\n \"title\": \"Star Academy (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11711513\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Shake It\\\". Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 Greece and Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT) chose to host a national selection with the winner being chosen by SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \\\"expert\\\" jury (40%). Mando was chosen with \\\"Never Let You Go\\\" and achieved 17th place in Eurovision. The national final took place on February 26, 2003 at the Ciné Keramikos nightclub. The hosts of the show were Dafni Bokota, Rika Vagiani and Popi Tsapanidou. The winner was chosen via SMS voting (30%), televoting (30%) and an \\\"expert\\\" jury (40%). By order performed: \\\"Never Let You Go\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5325177\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Constantine Michael Constantine (born May 22, 1927) is an American actor of Greek descent. He is most widely recognized for his portrayal of Kostas \\\"Gus\\\" Portokalos, the Windex bottle-toting Greek father of Toula Portokalos (Nia Vardalos), in the surprise hit film \\\"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\\\" (2002). Earlier, he earned much acclaim for his extensive television work, especially as the long-suffering high school principal, Seymour Kaufman, on ABC's sitcom, \\\"Room 222,\\\" for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1970; he was again recognized by the Emmy Awards, as well\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Constantine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14911776\",\n \"text\": \"Army of Greece, for the first time in Greek postwar history. Under the aforementioned law, the term \\\"communist bandits\\\" (Κομμουνιστοσυμμορίτες \\\"Kommounistosymmorites\\\", ΚΣ), wherever it had occurred in Greek law, was replaced by the term \\\"Fighters of the DSE\\\". In a 2008 Gallup poll, Greeks were asked \\\"whether it was better that the right wing won the Civil War\\\". 43% responded that it was better for Greece that the right wing won, 13% responded that it would have been better if the left had won, 20% responded \\\"neither\\\" and 24% did not respond. When asked \\\"which side they would have supported\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Civil War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8265262\",\n \"text\": \"the Edinburgh Festival and London's Theatre Royal Stratford East in 1990. In 2002 the play was remounted by TheatronGroup with some of the original cast in the Downstairs Theatre of Belvoir Street Theatre. The play runs for one hour and twenty minutes without an interval and concerns the troubled relationship of a Greek couple Alex and Calliope. Greek Tragedy (play) Greek Tragedy is a 1989 play by British playwright Mike Leigh.The play was originally presented at Company B Belvoir Street Theatre, Sydney Australia. It was devised by Mike Leigh with six Australian actors who were chosen after extensive auditions. The\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Tragedy (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19407017\",\n \"text\": \"May 29, 2016 and the winner was Stamatis with 24 points. Stamatis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the non profit organization \\\"Paidia tis Gis\\\". After the combined final scores, there was a tie with four contestants getting 16 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place, the one with the second highest score from the audience the second highest final place and so on. The ninth episode aired on June 5, 2016 and the winner was Eleni with 24 points. Eleni chose to give the money from\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230682\",\n \"text\": \"Katsoulis. Katsoulis chose to give the money from the audience voting to \\\"Paidiko Chorio SOS\\\" (Children's Village SOS). Thomai Apergi returned to the show after two weeks of absence due to illness. The seventh live of the show aired on May 26, 2013 and winner of the night was Anta Livitsanou with 22 points. Thomai Apergp also got 22 points but he ended up in the second place because she got 10 points from the audience while Livitsanou got 11. Livitsanou chose to give the money from the audience voting to \\\"Koinoniko Mitropolitiko Iatreio tou Ellinikou\\\" (Social Metropolitan Clinic of\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14127137\",\n \"text\": \"Georgantas on Mega Channel. The winner was Stavros Konstantinou. Due to low ratings, Mega Channel had decided to cancel Super Idol after the inaugural 2004 season. Alpha TV expressed desire to revive the show in a revamped version. It was first revealed to the public on December 15, 2009 when Alpha TV began airing the first advertisement. The name was also changed from \\\"Super Idol\\\" to \\\"Greek Idol\\\" and the new logo launched. A number of Greek entertainers had been rumored as potential hosts of the show, haven gone through screen tests. On January 19, 2010, Alpha TV announced that\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Idol\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065937\",\n \"text\": \"the best location in the theatre, is the throne of the priest of Dionysus who presides in a sense over the whole performance. The theatron is large-in fact, the one in Athens, in the Theatre of Dionysus, with its seats banked up on the south slope of the Acropolis, seated approximately 17,000 persons. The spectator sees before him a level circular area called the \\\"orchestra\\\", which means literally the \\\"dancing place\\\". ... In the centre of the orchestra stands an altar. A part of the dramatic action will take place in the orchestra, as well as the manoeuvres and dance\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2526616\",\n \"text\": \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a 2002 romantic comedy film directed by Joel Zwick and written by Nia Vardalos, who also stars in the film as Fotoula \\\"Toula\\\" Portokalos, a middle class Greek American woman who falls in love with non-Greek upper middle class White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Ian Miller. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and, at the 75th Academy Awards, it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. A sleeper hit, the film became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of all time, and grossed $241.4 million in North America,\",\n \"title\": \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17528720\",\n \"text\": \"(with translations by famous writers such as Salvatore Quasimodo), without sound systems because of the quality of the theatre's acoustics. Each theatre season begins in May and ends in July, attracting thousands of spectators from all over the world. Some of the most illustrious performed tragedies are \\\"Antigone\\\", \\\"Oedipus Rex\\\", \\\"Electra\\\", \\\"Medea\\\" and \\\"The Bacchae\\\". Aside from this, the theatre has enjoyed use for concerts and official prizegivings, like the Premio Vittorini, but such use has been tightly limited for conservation reasons. Since 2010 the theatre has been one of the monuments of the Servizio Parco Archeologico di Siracusa and\",\n \"title\": \"Greek Theatre of Syracuse\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908934\",\n \"text\": \"and the 4 points to Betty. After the combined final scores, three contestants had 10 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the three and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The fourth episode aired on March 30, 2014 and the winner was Giannis Savvidakis with 22 points. Savvidakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the foundation \\\"Grammi Gia To Paidi\\\". After the judges and contestants' scores, Pantelis and Sophia K. were tied. Zaharatos, who was the president of the judges for\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908945\",\n \"text\": \"Eleftheriou with 194 points. It was also the last time the judges were going to score the contestants since the winner is decided only by the audience. The thirteenth and final live aired on June 15, 2014 and the winner of the show was Giannis Savvidakis. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the thirteen live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the songs \\\"Genghis Khan\\\" by Lakis Jordanelli and \\\"Ksafnika m'agapas\\\" by The Idols. In\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1614544\",\n \"text\": \"the Chorus is \\\"the ideal spectator\\\", and conveys to the actual spectator \\\"a lyrical and musical expression of his own emotions, and elevates him to the region of contemplation\\\". In many of these plays, the chorus expressed to the audience what the main characters could not say, such as their hidden fears or secrets. The chorus often provided other characters with the insight they needed. Some historians argue that the chorus was itself considered to be an actor. Scholars have considered Sophocles to be superior to Euripides in his choral writing. Of the two, Sophocles also won more dramatic contests.\",\n \"title\": \"Greek chorus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20188034\",\n \"text\": \"December 2017. The draw for this round took place on 15 January 2018. The draw for this round took place on 12 February 2018. Match officials 2017–18 Greek Football Cup The 2017–18 Greek Cup was the 76th edition of the Greek Football Cup. A total of 33 clubs were accepted to enter. The competition commenced on September 2017 with the Preliminary Round and concluded on the 12th of May 2018 with the Final.PAOK won the competition for a second consecutive year(thus defending the title) beating AEK Athens 2-0 in the final held at Athens Olympic Stadium. The draw for this\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Greek Football Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13472774\",\n \"text\": \"Corporation (ERT) announced that Yiorkas was one of six participants in a national final to select Greece's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. Loucas placed 7th with 120 points, but on the public televote he placed 3rd with 176 points. Loukas Giorkas Loucas Yiorkas (; ; born in Larnaca, Aradippou, Cyprus, on 18 October 1986), is a Greek-Cypriot singer and model and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series \\\"The X Factor\\\". In September 2009 he released his first EP album, \\\"Mazi\\\", which attained gold status. He studies Biology at the\",\n \"title\": \"Loukas Giorkas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908933\",\n \"text\": \"March 16, 2014 and the winner was Pantelis Kanarakis with 23 points. Kanarakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the orphanage \\\"Melissa\\\" of Thessaloniki. The third episode aired on March 23, 2014 and the winner was Lefteris Eleftheriou with 24 points. Eleftheriou chose to give the money from the audience voting to the needy children of the municipality of Naxos and small Cyclades. After the judges and contestants' scores, Betty and Sophia V. were tied. Gagaki, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 5 points to Sophia V.\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14151850\",\n \"text\": \"Titos Vandis Titos Vandis (Greek: Τίτος Βανδής; 7 November 1917 – 23 February 2003) was a Greek actor who appeared in more than 100 films and television shows between 1953 and 2000. In 1962 he won the Best Actor award for the movie \\\"Poliorkia\\\" at the Thessaloniki International Film Festival. Vandis left Greece when a dictatorship took power and lived in the United States for 24 years. Vandis appeared in over 250 plays before making his Broadway debut in the Tony-nominated musical \\\"On A Clear Day You Can See Forever\\\" (1965). He created the role of Themistocles Kriakos, a Greek\",\n \"title\": \"Titos Vandis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20076629\",\n \"text\": \"both situations. The \\\"Secret Guest\\\" of the evening was Katerina Stikoudi, who transformed into Natassa Bofiliou and sang En Lefko. In the semifinals, the four contestants with the highest cumulative scores from all 11 weeks were announced and were the ones to compete in the finals. The four finalists were; Giannis Chatzigeorgiou with 200 points, Isaias Matiaba with 196 points, Aris Makris with 190 points and Parthena Horozidou with 188 points. The remaining six players will perform in duets but they will not get scored. It was also the last time the judges were going to score the contestants since\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14877441\",\n \"text\": \"good. By the liberality of expenditure (φιλοτιμία / philotimia) meets the recognition (χάρις / charis) of the city: the most lavish of liturgists were rewarded with honorific inscriptions or silver crowns with relatively low does not detract prestige they provide to their beneficiaries. For example, in Athens, trierarchs are often anxious to get a golden crowns 500, 300 and 200 drachmas for the first three trierarchs driving their vessel at the jetty. Similarly with the choregos, when the playwright who funds the choir won the competition, sharing with him the glory of his victory (he gets a prize and can\",\n \"title\": \"Liturgy (ancient Greece)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"154977\",\n \"text\": \"under the supervision of Ernest Hébrard. Other modern Greek architects include Anastasios Metaxas, Panagis Kalkos, Ernst Ziller, Dimitris Pikionis and Georges Candilis. Theatre in its western form was born in Greece. The city-state of Classical Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and military power during this period, was its centre, where it was institutionalised as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 6th century BC), comedy (486 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. During the Byzantine period, the theatrical art was heavily declined. According to\",\n \"title\": \"Greece\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19407008\",\n \"text\": \"with 36 points. Philippidis, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 8 points to Apostolia and the 7 points to Josephine. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 13 points and other two had 21 points. In each tie, the one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place and the one with the lowest got the lowest place. The second episode aired on April 10, 2016 and the winner was Dimos with 24 points. Dimos chose to give the money from the audience voting to\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13472773\",\n \"text\": \"Loukas Giorkas Loucas Yiorkas (; ; born in Larnaca, Aradippou, Cyprus, on 18 October 1986), is a Greek-Cypriot singer and model and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series \\\"The X Factor\\\". In September 2009 he released his first EP album, \\\"Mazi\\\", which attained gold status. He studies Biology at the University of Patras. Giorkas represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany along with Stereo Mike with the song \\\"Watch My Dance\\\", placing seventh with 120 points. The path in the show: On 11 January 2011, Greece's Hellenic Broadcasting\",\n \"title\": \"Loukas Giorkas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18481011\",\n \"text\": \"Ellinikós Telikós Ellinikós Telikós (Greek for \\\"Greek Final\\\") is a song contest which takes place every year in Athens, Greece. This contest decides who will represent Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest started in 1979, when Elpida took the title. Until 2001, Greece was introduced the televoting and jury to decide for the singer and for the song which will represent Greece in the Contest. Over the years, the contest takes place in various venues, from TV studios to concert halls. The most famous winners include Anna Vissi, Katy Garbi, Sakis Rouvas, Kalomira and Elena Paparizou. ERT, the\",\n \"title\": \"Ellinikós Telikós\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18481007\",\n \"text\": \"Ellinikós Telikós Ellinikós Telikós (Greek for \\\"Greek Final\\\") is a song contest which takes place every year in Athens, Greece. This contest decides who will represent Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest started in 1979, when Elpida took the title. Until 2001, Greece was introduced the televoting and jury to decide for the singer and for the song which will represent Greece in the Contest. Over the years, the contest takes place in various venues, from TV studios to concert halls. The most famous winners include Anna Vissi, Katy Garbi, Sakis Rouvas, Kalomira and Elena Paparizou. ERT, the\",\n \"title\": \"Ellinikós Telikós\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908941\",\n \"text\": \"points to Pantelis, the 8 points to Aris, the 7 points to Costas and the 6 points to Eleftheria. After the combined final scores, two contestants had 9 points. The one who got the highest score from the audience got the highest final place out of the two. The tenth episode aired on May 16, 2014. Because of the elections, this week's episode aired on Friday and not on Sunday like every week. The winner was Costas Doxas with 24 points. Doxas chose to give the money from the audience voting to \\\"Chatzikiriakio foundation\\\" of Piraeus. After the judges and\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230492\",\n \"text\": \"Each contestant gives five extra points to one of the other contestants, who was their favorite of the night. The judges' score is combined with the five extra points and that final score is combined with the audience's voting to determine the winner of the night. No one will be eliminating, but the winner will be according to the total score of each live. However the winner of each live show will give the money collected during the night from the audience's voting to a charity of their choice. The host for all the seasons of the show is Maria\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19936445\",\n \"text\": \"final took place at Galatsi Olympic Hall and the winner was Giannis Margaris from the team of Kostis Maraveyas. Round One Round Two Final Round The Voice of Greece (season 3) The third season of the Greek Cypriot reality talent show The Voice of Greece premiered on November 16, 2016 on Skai TV. Based on the reality singing competition \\\"The Voice of Holland\\\", the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol. It is part of an international series. The show is hosted by Giorgos Kapoutzidis with Elena Tsagkrinou serving as the backstage and social networking corresponding. Helena\",\n \"title\": \"The Voice of Greece (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9940163\",\n \"text\": \"Stozhary Festival Stozhary is the international actors film festival which takes place in Kiev, Ukraine. The name of the festival is an Old Slavonic counterpart for the asterism of Pleiades. In the mythology of ancient Greece Pleiads were the 7 beautiful daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione. Turned into 7 birds by Zeus they later became 7 bright stars, which formed beautiful constellation. The mysterious 7 became the code structure of the festival “Stozhary” – 7 days the festival lasts, 7 prizes the winners receive, 7 members of jury, 7 colors of rainbow which along with the\",\n \"title\": \"Stozhary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3065946\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Trackers\\\", which was found at the beginning of the 20th century on a papyrus containing three-quarters of this work. According to the Suda, Euripides wrote either 75 or 92 plays, of which survive eighteen tragedies and the only complete surviving satyr play, the \\\"Cyclops\\\". His extant works are: Greek tragedy Greek tragedy is a form of theatre from Ancient Greece and Asia Minor. It reached its most significant form in Athens in the 5th century BC, the works of which are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is widely believed to be an extension of the ancient rites carried out\",\n \"title\": \"Greek tragedy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3096640\",\n \"text\": \"Lila Kedrova Lila Kedrova (full name in Russian Елизавета (Лиля) Николаевна Кедрова) (9 October 1909- 16 February 2000) was a Russian-born French actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \\\"Zorba the Greek\\\" (1964), and the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for the same role in the musical version of the film. Kedrova said she was born in 1918 in Petrograd, Russia, yet she gave her age as 24 in a passenger list for New York City in February 1935 when touring with her theatre group, which implies a year\",\n \"title\": \"Lila Kedrova\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17908940\",\n \"text\": \"the past in the Eurovision Song Contest, sang their entries; Sophia Vossou sang \\\"I Anixi\\\", Giannis Savvidakis sang \\\"Apopse As Vrethoume\\\" and Eleftheria Eleftheriou sang \\\"Aphrodisiac\\\". The ninth episode aired on May 11, 2014 and the winner was Giannis Savvidakis with 24 points. Savvidakis chose to give the money from the audience voting to the foundation \\\"Grammi Gia To Paidi\\\". After the judges and contestants' scores, Pantelis and Aris were tied with 29 points and Costas and Eleftheria were tied with 27 points. Malfa, who was the president of the judges for the week, chose to give the final 9\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7649074\",\n \"text\": \"self-deprecation, and its possessor the self-deprecator\\\" (1108a12). In this passage, Aristotle establishes the \\\"eirôn\\\" as one of the main characters of comedy, along with the \\\"alazôn\\\". The modern term irony is derived from the \\\"eirôn\\\" of the classical Greek theatre. Irony entails opposition (not mere difference) between the actual meaning and the apparent meaning of something. Eiron In the theatre of ancient Greece, the eirôn () was one of three stock characters in comedy. The \\\"eirôn\\\" usually succeeded in bringing down his braggart opponent (the \\\"alazôn\\\") by understating his own abilities. The \\\"eirôn\\\" developed in Greek Old Comedy and can\",\n \"title\": \"Eiron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12159832\",\n \"text\": \"girls.\\\" \\\"This place is called Trikorfa,\\\" \\\"this place is called Valtetsi.\\\"\\\" The Greeks achieved a decisive victory and captured two cannons and ammunition. The battle itself lasted for nearly 24 hours. The casualties were also unexpectedly heavy for the Ottoman army: 600 dead compared to the 150 dead rebels. The Battle of Valtetsi was the first decisive Greek victory in their struggle for freedom. Its effects were as follows: Kolokotronis, according to his memoirs, said to his compatriots: \\\"We must render up thanksgivings for this day, which should be kept holy for ever, as the day upon which our Motherland\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Valtetsi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14012309\",\n \"text\": \"fourth season. The show started on 25 March 2012. It was won by 14-year-old student Stelios Legakis (singer/guitar player). The fifth series premiered on October 1, 2017 on Skai TV. The host is Giorgos Lianos and the judges are Sakis Tanimanidis, Maria Bakodimou and Giorgos Kapoutzidis. It was won by acting group House of Drama. Each episode will feature a guest-star judge, who will have the ability to hit the golden buzzer and send the act to the semis. For the first episode, the guest-star was Greek presenter and host Fotis Sergoulopoulos, and aired on Monday, November 20th. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Ellada Eheis Talento\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19407021\",\n \"text\": \"since the winner is decided only by the audience. The twelfth and final live aired on June 26, 2016 and the winner of the show was Giannis Kritikos. The income from the audience voting for the final, was divided in ten equal parts and was given to all ten foundations that the contestants were representing during the twelve live shows. At the beginning of the show, Bekatorou performed the songs \\\"Roz Bikini\\\" and \\\"Pame Gia Trelles Stis Seychelles\\\" by Polina. During her performance, Polina herself joined her and continued performing together. The six contestants who did not compete in the\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17230685\",\n \"text\": \"nodule she had the previous week. Livitsanou received the same points as the contestant who was last during the week, Konstantinos Kazakos. The tenth live of the show aired on June 19, 2013 and not on June 16, 2013 as it was scheduled due to the media strike of that day. Winner of the night was Thomai Apergi. Apergi chose to give the money from the audience voting to \\\"Trauma\\\" foundation. The eleventh live of the show aired on June 23, 2013 and the winner of the night was Thanasis Alevras for the third time on the show. Alevras chose\",\n \"title\": \"Your Face Sounds Familiar (Greek series 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17147366\",\n \"text\": \"that at least 3.3 million viewers tuned into the show for at least one minute throughout the duration of the show. 58,146 public votes were received, of which 36,881 were via SMS voting and 21,265 via televoting. Koza Mostra & Agathonas Iakovidis were the overall winners, coming first in both the televoting and jury votes. Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show is a Greek national final, held to select the Greek entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. ERT announced on 15 January 2013 that it had reached an agreement with private music channel\",\n \"title\": \"Eurosong 2013 – a MAD show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1667774\",\n \"text\": \"the great city of Greek theatre. Theatrical performances lasted eight consecutive hours and were performed as part of a competition in which a jury proclaimed a winner. While the decor of the provisional theatres was very simple, the permanent theatrical venues of ancient Athens eventually became more sumptuous and elaborate. No matter the performance venue, plays were performed by, at most, three actors, who wore masks to identify them with the characters they portrayed; they were accompanied by a chorus who sang and danced. The dramatic poets from this era whose plays have survived are: The Golden Age featured some\",\n \"title\": \"Fifth-century Athens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14012310\",\n \"text\": \"semi-final aired on Tuesday December 12th. The second semi-final is set to air on Sunday, December 17th. The fifth series premiered on September 30, 2018 on Skai TV. The host is Giorgos Lianos and the judges are Sakis Tanimanidis, Maria Bakodimou and Giorgos Kapoutzidis. It was won by acting group En Xoro. Ellada Eheis Talento Ellada Eheis Talento (; ) is a Greek reality television series and is part of the Got Talent multinational franchise. It premiered in Greece for the first time on March 23, 2007 and ended after 4 seasons on June 25, 2012 on the ANT1. On\",\n \"title\": \"Ellada Eheis Talento\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8361073\",\n \"text\": \"received around 73,500 votes and \\\"Let's Get Wild\\\" got around 20,500. The nine jury members gave points between 1 and 10 for the songs in a school-grade style system, giving the best song 10 points. Seven jury members voted for \\\"My Number One\\\", one gave the maximum points to \\\"OK\\\" and one voted for \\\"Let's Get Wild\\\". \\\"My Number One\\\" won with 83 points, while \\\"Let's Get Wild\\\" placed third with 48 points, and \\\"OK\\\" third with 46 points. Although \\\"Let's Get Wild\\\" received a higher score from the jury than \\\"OK\\\", it placed third when the televoting and SMS\",\n \"title\": \"Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what would the winner of the greek theater contest win"}}},{"rowIdx":280,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["season seven"],"string":"[\n \"season seven\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"9015646","text":"forced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time to date other people. Derek's plans to propose were ruined by a series of unfortunate events in season five. In the season finale, they decide to give their planned wedding to Alex and Izzie. Due to their tight schedule, they instead informally marry and Derek writes down their \"promises\" on a post-it","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"15029277","text":"both (regardless of my lack of surprise, Justin Chambers and Katherine Heigl were both great). Chandra Wilson continued to stand tall above the rest of the cast with the Bailey scenes in both episodes, particularly her crying in front of the Chief. And Meredith and Derek getting \"married\" via Post-It note was so perfect for their characters.\" He added, \"I wish I was able to go into this one pristine, but I wasn't, and I still liked a lot of it. During those fallow periods in the middle of the last few seasons, people kept asking me why I was","title":"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"9037122","text":"is healthier than before, but still experiences snags as the two attempt to understand each other and navigate what they now look on as a permanent, long-term relationship. Meredith relies heavily on Cristina for emotional support and guidance. Eventually, Derek and Meredith decide to marry, but on their wedding day, the pair give their \"perfect\" wedding ceremony to Izzie and Alex, to marry each other during the planned ceremony instead. Meredith and Derek marry by writing their wedding vows on a post-it note. Meredith spends the majority of a season out of commission after donating part of her liver to","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"15598685","text":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8) The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two-hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. This season follows the story-line of Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) as they try to save their marriage and adopt Zola after Meredith tampered","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"},{"id":"4811526","text":"two were in college. Harris is fired in the fifth season, due to not actually having a medical degree, and departs the show immediately after. Meredith and Shepherd's relationship reaches a toll, and the two separate, leading Shepherd to entertaining a relationship with Rose (Lauren Stamile), a nurse. Rose appears frequently until season five, when Derek and Meredith decide to rekindle their flame. Throughout the fifth season, Stevens experiences full-out hallucinations of Duquette, signaling that she is ill, and once she is lucid, he departs, marking his final appearance. Following the announcement of her relationship with Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Callie's","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"4811599","text":"of the show set up a real online wedding registry to mark the wedding of Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd. Instead of buying gifts fans were encouraged to donate money to the American Academy of Neurology Foundation. An adaptation named as \"Doktorlar\" (\"Doctors\") was aired on December 28, 2006, in a Turkish Network, Show TV, and it lasted four seasons. In 2010, \"A Corazón Abierto\", an adaptation of the series, was made by the Colombian network RCN TV. Grey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"9015651","text":"uproot their young family. His youngest sister Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) takes over his position at Grey Sloan. Meanwhile, he and Meredith fight bitterly on and off over whether they should move. After a bad argument, he accepts the job in the heat of the moment and leaves for Washington. While there, he and Meredith talk things out over the phone and come to a mutual conclusion that they both did not want to end their marriage. He tells her that just being with her, raising their children and operating on patients was more satisfying than \"saving the world\". In season","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"15598688","text":"Awards. James Pickens, Jr. won Outstanding Supporting Actor at the NAACP Image Awards, and Chandra Wilson and Sandra Oh both received nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama. Stacy McKee was nominated for Humanitas Prize for writing \"White Wedding\". Sara Ramirez was nominated at the 13th ALMA Awards for Favorite TV Supporting Actress. For the 38th People's Choice Awards, the show was nominated for Favorite TV Drama, and Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey were respectively nominated for Favorite TV Drama Actress and Favorite TV Drama actor. In season 8, Meredith and Derek try to save their marriage after the fallout","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"},{"id":"18022138","text":"all. With her son as her maid of honor, the two tie the knot in the hospital’s chapel. Their reception is held at Derek and Meredith house, where Meredith says she’s glad this will be her last memory of the place before she moves back into her old house; Derek always wanted his home to be filled with loud, happy people. On August 13, 2013, Sandra Oh revealed that she would be leaving after Season 10 of \"Grey's Anatomy\", making the eleventh season the first season in which Dr. Cristina Yang did not appear. It was announced on March 25,","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"9037125","text":"wife, Adele, is diagnosed with Alzheimer's, she receives a spot on the trial. Meredith tampers with the drugs so that Adele does not receive the placebo. She and Derek decide to adopt Zola, an orphaned baby from Malawi, and make their marriage legal. When the truth about the tampering comes out, however, a furious Derek tells her he cannot raise a child with her because of her moral ambiguity. Meredith is fired, and tries to conceal both this and her marital separation from the adoption counselor in order to keep Zola. Although Dr. Webber steps down as chief of surgery","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"18022125","text":"death of Derek who is involved in a car accident in \"How to Save a Life.\" Other story-arcs include Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) moving to Seattle, learning the ropes at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) try to save their marriage by going to marriage counseling, April Kepner (Sarah Drew) and Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) end up having a boy, named Samuel, who dies moments after birth having been diagnosed to have Osteogenesis imperfecta, a lethal birth defect. The season also focuses on the deepening friendship between Meredith and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers)","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"18761837","text":"fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season takes place three months after the events of the last season finale in which Richard and Catherine got married. April and Jackson's relationship has hit the rocks after April has resumed her work overseas in Jordan, leaving Jackson high and dry once again. Once the new intern year begins, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) starts teaching the new interns an anatomy class. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson)","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)"},{"id":"19523330","text":"beats Andrew to a pulp, sending him to the hospital and subsequently landing Alex in jail. Alex is charged with a felony and is at risk of serving substantial jail time until Andrew drops the charges. Later, when Alex questions why Jo had turned down his proposal, she reveals that she is already married and has run away from her abusive husband. Meanwhile, Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson) continues to pursue Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) after their recent sexual encounter, though Meredith has trouble letting go of her late husband, Derek Shepherd. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary) admits to Meredith that she","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)"},{"id":"7311006","text":"with whom he had a sexual relationship, is pregnant with his child. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Although originally conceived as a guest star with a five-episode story arc, Kate Walsh decided to extend her contract following positive reviews from critics and fans, resulting in her getting promoted to series regular status. Being the first addition to the original cast from the first season, Walsh began receiving star billing in the seventh episode of the season, portraying obstetrician-gynaecologist and world-class neonatal","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)"},{"id":"9037152","text":"little package. Referring to Grey's tampering with Shepherd's trial, Pompeo said: \"Listen, what Meredith did clearly crossed a line. Derek has a right to be pissed.\" Following the tampering, Rhimes said she believes that Grey and Shepherd are meant to be together and that it in the end, they will end up with each other. Grey's relationship with Cristina Yang, has been looked upon as \"sisterhood\", and Yang has repeatedly referred to Grey as \"her person\". This led to the two being dubbed \"the twisted sisters\". At the conclusion of season three, the duo went on a \"honeymoon\" together, and","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"20161234","text":"struggles to find an available cardio surgeon until Teddy unexpectedly arrives looking for a job. Jo learns she has been accepted into Mass Gen's fellowship program, but fearful of losing Alex, Meredith offers Jo the general surgery attending position. The wedding is delayed when the wedding planner goes into anaphylactic shock and an emergency tracheotomy is performed to save her. After the guests leave thinking there will be no wedding, the pastor finally arrives in time to marry April and Matthew after a surprise re-engagement. On a ferry back to the main land, Maggie has the idea to have Meredith","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"},{"id":"20727481","text":"married right then and there. Due to his significance to her, April asks Jackson to stay for the wedding. Arizona walks her down the aisle and the couple gets married in an intimate and Christian ceremony. With her new husband and new job providing healthcare to homeless communities in Seattle, April is ready to start a brand new chapter in her life. During the ceremony, Arizona receives a text from Callie, who can't wait to be reunited. Arizona smiles at the prospect. Meanwhile, on the ferry back to the city, Meredith becomes ordained and officiates the wedding between Jo and","title":"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"18022137","text":"sharing a place, so she buys a fixer-upper for only the two of them. Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) and Dr. Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) continue their on-again, off-again relationship. With differing opinions on how to be in a relationship, how to run the hospital, and who should be in charge, the two call off their wedding. However, Meredith intervenes and tells them that they are both lucky to still be alive and to cherish the fact that they can still talk to each other. Dr. Webber and Avery work out their differences and decide to get married after","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"14638499","text":"made public when the two are involved in a car accident, where April almost dies of hypothermia. In the season finale, April and Matthew get married. Drew was cast in late September 2009 and first appeared on the show in the fifth episode of the sixth season as one of the residents from the Mercy West Hospital after its merger with Seattle Grace. Drew was brought aboard \"Grey's Anatomy\" after former collaborations with the Series' producer and creator Shonda Rhimes; she was formally featured as a guest in two episodes of \"Private Practice\" in 2008 and was one of the","title":"April Kepner"},{"id":"9015650","text":"sister, agrees to donate a nerve and the surgery is a success. Derek and Meredith's marriage is strained after he accepted an invitation from the President to participate in the Brain-Mapping Initiative. He went back on his promise to her that he would not add to his current workload in order to devote time to their two young children and allow her the chance to establish her career as a full-fledged attending. Eventually he was offered a position at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., but Meredith puts her foot down and refuses to leave her hometown and","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"9015647","text":"note. They legalize their marriage in season seven in order to adopt Zola, a young African orphan treated for spina bifida. They briefly separate after Meredith tampers with their Alzheimer's trial, jeopardizing her career and tarnishing Derek's reputation. Zola is taken away from Meredith after a social worker finds out she and Derek are living separately. In later seasons, Derek often griped about how his subsequent interns and residents – mainly Lexie Grey, Shane Ross and Heather Brooks – did not quite measure up to Meredith. The social worker comes back and announces they are the official parents of Zola.","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"18846348","text":"Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy) \"Only Mama Knows\" is the fourth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 224th episode overall. It aired on October 16, 2014 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Driscoll and directed by Nicole Rubio. The episode focuses on the show's protagonist Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) past and troubled childhood and her relationship with her mother world-renowned surgeon Ellis Grey (Kate Burton) and Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) while she struggles in her marriage with Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). On its","title":"Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"15025759","text":"go well: they went to an expensive restaurant that she couldn't afford because she has been disowned by her father and now she is broke. Arizona tells her they will stay in to eat and they reconcile. Meredith tells Bailey and Derek's idea to Izzie: they give her their wedding. Yang becomes the maid of honor and Meredith serves as Alex's best man. Back at the hospital, Izzie is sad about her hair loss but Alex tells her she doesn't need it to be beautiful. The episode concludes with Izzie having shaved her head and telling Denny to leave as","title":"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"14987085","text":"Seattle. Following the end of \"Private Practice\", when ABC cancelled it after six seasons in January 2013, the character of Amelia was added to its progenitor show \"Grey's Anatomy\". In Season 10, she was seen in the season's last four episodes visiting her brother Derek and his wife Meredith Grey in their Seattle home and helping care for their children. Previously, she had only made one-off guest appearances on the show when storylines crossed over between the two series. On June 23, 2014, Scorsone and her character was permanently added to the regular cast for Season 11, which began airing","title":"Amelia Shepherd"},{"id":"15029264","text":"have decided not to wait any longer to get married and just go to City Hall that evening, but later realize that there's just no time. Instead, Derek writes their vows down on a post-it note that they both sign and then stick in their locker. Meanwhile, a man is brought in who pushed a woman out of the way of a bus and was subsequently run over by the bus and dragged half a block. The girl he saved keeps checking on him and calling him \"her hero\" and \"Prince Charming\" and similar names. Every time Meredith is talking","title":"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"14569061","text":"(Sandra Oh) was the most affected by the shooting, quitting her job. Cristina and Owen later marry with \"her person\", the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), as her maid of honor. Meredith and Derek start an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Richard Webber's (James Pickens, Jr.) wife Adele (Loretta Devine) may have Alzheimer's. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) leaves for Africa after getting a grant leaving Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) despondent. She sleeps with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) and becomes pregnant by chance. Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. Meredith messes up the trial for the sake of","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)"},{"id":"9037139","text":"she is violently attacked by a disoriented patient, and she supports him through his legal difficulties. Alex initiates a weekly family waffle day where he makes waffles for everyone in the house. Meredith recovers enough to start seeing Nathan Riggs, Owen Hunt's former best friend, by season 13, although their relationship is complicated by the fact that Maggie confesses to Meredith that she has feelings for Riggs and Meredith is not ready to declare their relationship formally or publicly. Eventually she accepts her relationship with Riggs, but it's complicated by the unexpected return of Owen's sister, Megan Hunt, Riggs' fiancée.","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"14569064","text":"the season Cristina and Owen marry, while Callie and Arizona's relationship takes a turn for the worse when Arizona goes to Africa after getting the Carder Madison Grant. With Callie distraught after the breakup, she sleeps with Mark. She learns she is pregnant just before Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. The season also focuses on Meredith and Derek starting an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Adele may have Alzheimer's. Richard originally resists accepting that, but then pushes to have Adele admitted to their trial. Season Seven features the series first extended musical episode. Callie and Arizona are","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)"},{"id":"9015653","text":"he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Derek was mentioned or referenced to a number of times in season 12 as the other characters struggle to cope with his sudden death. In the episode \"My Next Life\", Meredith had a flashback of their first ever surgery together when a","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"15025764","text":"out Chandra Wilson as \"the best actor in the ensemble, Sepinwall liked Justin Chambers' acting, \"because of how far Karev has come, Chambers' big moments always feel more surprising, and powerful.\" He also appreciated \"all the action in the pit.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" listed Alex's speech to Izzie in their \"25 Great 'I Love You's\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" writer Shawna Malcolm wasn't shocked that Izzie and Alex married instead of Meredith and Derek as she had already elaborated that hypothesis weeks prior to the episode's broadcast. She underlined Heigl and Chambers' performances, saying: \"it was next to impossible not to","title":"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"15029275","text":"episode fades to black, the two of them are meeting — in an elevator, natch — with Izzie in her pink prom dress and George in his army uniform, while back on earth, their colleagues try furiously to save them. I suppose those of us who wanted answers about whether Katherine Heigl and T.R. Knight are leaving are out of luck — but wow, what an ending.\" Speaking of Meredith and Derek's wedding the site wrote, \"I'm curious to know how the hardcore Mer-Der fans take this, but I thought the whole act was touching (not to mention their actual","title":"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"9037116","text":"trust her. Her surgical skills are solidly impressive and she shows a talent and patience for medical research trials and dealing with psychologically damaged patients. Meredith resists Derek's advances throughout her internship, but is eventually charmed into starting a relationship with him despite misgivings about an intern dating an attending. She is, therefore, shocked by the arrival of Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), Derek's wife, unaware that he was married. Derek struggles to choose between the two, but ultimately returns to Addison, despite Meredith begging to be chosen instead. Meredith is devastated and turns to multiple, self-destructive means of coping. Initially","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"9169654","text":"rest of the season that he's gay, which almost everyone eventually notices. Angela remains oblivious however. In the season 7 finale, he proposes to her and they're officially engaged (marking her second engagement on the show). It was confirmed by Angela Kinsey at the NBC Press Tour that she and Robert will have gotten married over the summer. In the season 8 premiere, it is revealed that Angela and Robert are married and she is pregnant. Angela tends to be somewhat abrasive towards other office workers, often outright insulting them. In the season 3 premiere, she expresses an open homophobia","title":"Angela Martin"},{"id":"7310981","text":"a detailed perspective on the personal background of each character, focusing on the consequences that their decisions have on their careers. Throughout the season, new story lines were introduced, including the love triangle between Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, and Addison Montgomery, the main arc of the season. Also heavily developed was the story line involving Izzie Stevens' relationship with patient Denny Duquette, which resulted in critical acclaim and positive fan response. The season kept its original airtime from the previous season, taking over \"Boston Legal\" time slot at 10:00 pm on Sundays, while airing as a lead-out to the already","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)"},{"id":"15021571","text":"right now.\" About the proposal he gave a positive review as well saying, \"I thought Derek's proposal -- and Meredith's behavior in response to his earlier attempts -- was very grown-up and sweet, and reflected a relationship that's grown to be about more than the stupid will-they-or-won't-they drama. And the moment when Derek finally came out of his stupor and started telling off the oncologist was well-played by Patrick Dempsey, who's been doing some nice work.\" Justin Chambers also received praise from Sepinwall, \"Every time I watch Justin Chambers get a showcase episode like this, I think about how lucky","title":"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"18022139","text":"2014 that Gaius Charles and Tessa Ferrer did not receive a contract renewal for the eleventh season, and left at the end of the tenth season. Jerrika Hinton and Camilla Luddington however, returned as residents for the eleventh season. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On May 2, 2014, the rest of the six original cast mates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson and","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"15025762","text":"Standing at the altar and saying those vows like a man. (...) He's become a man who can step up. And I love him for it.\" To promote the episode, a special website for Meredith and Derek's wedding was created, supposedly created and updated by Izzie. The website provided details on the event and an invitation to RSVP. Rhimes wanted it to \"feel like a real wedding website\", even though it was for fictional characters. She had the idea during the shooting. \"What a Difference a Day Makes\" was originally broadcast on May 7, 2009 in the United States on","title":"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"17314135","text":"options picked up for Season 11, meaning that Season 10 would be their last season as regulars on the show. On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd respectively, meaning their characters will be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On May 2, 2014, it was announced that the rest of the six original castmates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson, and James Pickens Jr., excluding Sandra Oh, had renewed their contracts for another two seasons (11 and 12).","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)"},{"id":"16258446","text":"G.G. (Gossip Girl) \"G.G.\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television teen drama, \"Gossip Girl\" and the show's 100th episode overall. The episode was written by executive producer Joshua Safran and directed by Mark Piznarski. It premiered on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on January 30, 2012. In the episode, the wedding of Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) to Prince Louis Grimaldi (Hugo Becker) takes place. The episode opened to favorable reviews, with television critics praising the fact it honored the series' successful days. Michelle Trachtenberg's performance as Georgina Sparks was","title":"G.G. (Gossip Girl)"},{"id":"10235326","text":"If Tomorrow Never Comes (Grey's Anatomy) \"If Tomorrow Never Comes\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", which first aired on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on Sunday May 1, 2005. The episode was written by Krista Vernoff and was directed by Scott Brazil. The interns are speechless when a woman comes in with a large, record-breaking tumor, but unfortunately for the woman, her outlook isn't good. Derek and Meredith's jobs are at risk now that Bailey knows about their relationship, and Dr. Bailey makes it clear that Derek better not give","title":"If Tomorrow Never Comes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"14418211","text":"was described by Buchman as having \"no more taboos\", compared to the other story lines developed in the episode: \"Even though it was a minor fight, it's very revealing for Meredith. This is probably the longest relationship she's every been in, and the first with someone she feels a genuine connection with. We might know Derek will come back, but she doesn't.\" The last scene of them in the episode has been deemed \"a milestone of sorts for Meredith\", with the goal to determine her to admit how new to this romantic development in her personal life she actually is,","title":"Great Expectations (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"4811513","text":"love interest. During the fifth season, Hahn departs from the series, and O'Malley retakes his intern exam, passing, joining his fellow physicians as a resident. Two new characters are introduced, former United States Army trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt, and pediatric surgeon Dr. Arizona Robbins. Hunt becomes a love-interest for Yang, while Robbins becomes a love-interest for Torres. When Stevens is diagnosed with stage four metastatic melanoma, she and Karev get married at the conclusion of the fifth season. In addition, Meredith and Shepherd marry, with their vows written on a blue post-it note. O'Malley dies in the premiere of","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"9037118","text":"chest by impulsively inserting her hand to hold it until the bomb squad can remove it. Meredith has a series of one-night stands, including one with George, who is in love with her. When she cries in the middle of their encounter, their friendship temporarily ends. Meredith swears off her behavior, agrees to be friends only with Shepherd and embarks on a relationship with veterinarian Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell). Derek regrets his decision to return to his wife, and Meredith must decide whether to continue a relationship with Finn, or allow Derek a second chance. When Ellis experiences a rare,","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"8397451","text":"depression and giving Derek a season's worth of reconsidering to do\". Monfette criticized the romantic development of the characters throughout the season, by describing Cristina and Burke's relationship as an excuse for the possibility of a wedding for Meredith, whereas Burke's unfair behavior towards Cristina is thought to be manipulative, exposing her to his overly romantic notion of an ideal ceremony. The way the doubts regarding the success of their relationship were resolved in the season finale was described as \"most obvious and least compelling.\" \"IGN Entertainment\" was also critical of Alex Karev's storyline, who is seen falling for a","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)"},{"id":"4811515","text":"Cardiothoracic Surgery. In the season six finale, a deceased patient's grieving husband embarks on a shooting spree at the hospital, injuring Karev, Shepherd, and Hunt, and killing residents Charles Percy and Reed Adamson. In the shooting's emotional reverberations, Hunt and Yang abruptly marry, not wanting to risk separation. Torres and Robbins eventually wed, officiated by Bailey. In season eight, Webber steps down and allocates his job to Hunt. As the final year of residency for Meredith, Yang, Karev, Avery, and Kepner is coming to a close, the doctors are all planning to relocate to different hospitals to pursue their specialty","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"14594217","text":"season opened to a 1.1 Adults 18–49 rating and 2.14 million viewers. The thirteenth episode of the season, \"The Other Half of Me\" which saw Brooke getting married achieved season highs in all categories with a 1.2 Adults 18–49 rating, a 2.4 in Women 18–34 and 2.42 million viewers making it the most watched episode since December 2009. The season averaged 1.8 million viewers. It was released on DVD in the UK on October 29, 2011. Brooke and Julian are engaged but she has to deal with financial problems at Clothes Over Bros, thanks to Victoria. Nathan makes a huge","title":"One Tree Hill (season 8)"},{"id":"7311022","text":"the ratings, the timeslots and the really great audience meant that they have to end the season with that episode, and the cliffhanger with the coming of Derek's estranged wife fit perfectly. The season received positive critics and reception, and this season performed better than the previous one. Due to the success of the first season, \"Grey's Anatomy\" took over the Sunday night timeslot along with \"Desperate Housewives\", replacing \"Boston Legal\". The second season averaged 21.07 million viewers, making it the highest-rated season of the series to date. It was ranked the fifth in the 2005-2006 television season. The season","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)"},{"id":"18769604","text":"Time Stops \"Time Stops\" is the 24th episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the 244th episode overall. It aired on May 7, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Meg Marinis and directed by Kevin McKidd. On its initial airing it was watched by 7.74 million viewers. In the episode a fresh batch of surgical interns join the hospital's internship program. It's the wedding day of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) declares that he’s been Chief long enough. Richard recommends","title":"Time Stops"},{"id":"4811529","text":"the couple endeavors to raise their new daughter, Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres, with the help of Dr. Sloan. Shepherd and Meredith also become new parents, with their adoption of Zola, a baby girl from Malawi. Conceived as a patient with a tumor condition who later develops diabetes, Henry Burton (Scott Foley) befriends Dr. Altman and eventually joins her in marriage only to get treated using her medical insurance, until he dies while undergoing heart surgery. In the season nine premiere, interns Dr. Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington), Dr. Heather Brooks (Tina Majorino), Dr. Shane Ross (Gaius Charles), Dr. Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"9037162","text":"journey and did more than just growing up, she finally became \"all whole and healed\".\" Maura O'Malley of \"Bustle\" also lauded the development of the character ahead of season 12 saying, \"When the series began, Meredith was just a girl sitting in a bar celebrating the exciting next phase of her life. She had graduated medical school, she was starting her residency at a prestigious hospital, and she was simply looking for a no-strings attached, one night stand. What she got instead was a complicated romantic relationship that rivals Romeo and Juliet — but the key is, she wasn't searching","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"9169894","text":"In the season 3 premiere, she is caught eating Angela Martin's alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and her excitement over merger-day champagne was quickly quashed by Michael who says the beverages are for \"guests only.\" In the producer's cut of \"Branch Closing\", she recalls a past agreement with a coworker to have sex together on the last day of work, but can't remember who she made the deal with. During a deleted scene from \"Back from Vacation,\" Meredith implies that her tendency to sleep around was worth it because she's \"seen the world.\" She joins Pam and Karen's party in \"A Benihana","title":"Meredith Palmer"},{"id":"8397425","text":"husband Derek Shepherd's desire to divorce, while dealing with the arrival of her former lover. Isaiah Washington played the role of attending physician and cardiothoracic surgeon, Preston Burke, who becomes engaged to intern Cristina Yang after their developing a relationship. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season. She portrayed orthopedic surgeon and fifth-year resident, Calliope \"Callie\" Torres, whose relationship with intern George","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)"},{"id":"16531020","text":"starts dating intern Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika Hinton), while Kepner starts dating a paramedic named Matthew (Justin Bruening). In May 2012, it was announced that six original cast mates, Ellen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Sandra Oh, Chandra Wilson, Justin Chambers, and James Pickens, Jr. had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, Cristina Yang, Miranda Bailey, Alex Karev, and Richard Webber respectively. In July 2012, it was announced that cast member Eric Dane would not be returning to \"Grey's Anatomy\" as a series regular, and would leave after two episodes to give his character a proper ending.","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)"},{"id":"9015643","text":"Carolyn approved as she felt Meredith's gray perspective of life complemented Derek's tendency to see everything in black and white. Derek's background was generally a mystery for the first season and source of speculation amongst his colleagues due to his sudden departure from an established and highly respected practice in New York. In the season one finale, his past eventually catches up with him when his estranged wife Addison moves to Seattle and is offered a position by Dr. Webber. Shortly thereafter, his childhood best friend Mark joins Seattle Grace as the new head of plastic surgery. Derek and Addison","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"20727477","text":"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy) \"All of Me\" is the twenty-fourth episode, serving as the season finale of the fourteenth season of the American medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the 317th overall episode, which aired on ABC on May 17, 2018. The episode was written by Krista Vernoff and directed by Debbie Allen. The wedding between Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) takes place, and things go awry. Meanwhile, the stress from the past year has taken a toll on Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), and she re-evaluates some of her decisions. This episode marked the","title":"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"9037133","text":"Alex in charge of being Meredith's \"person\" in her place, an honor he gladly accepts. Meredith and Derek's marriage becomes strained when Derek goes against his promise and accepts an offer from the U.S. President to participate in the Brain Mapping Initiative, which consumes his time and eclipses Meredith, who is feeling increasingly left behind and mommy-tracked. He receives an offer to head the project itself in Washington D.C., meaning that he would have to be based there permanently. Meredith puts her foot down as she does not want to uproot their young family to move across the country for","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"20161221","text":"contest. Now that Megan is healthy again, Meredith and Nathan work together to bring her son over to the United States. Upon arrival, Nathan, Megan, and Farouk all move to California to start a life together, which officially ends Nathan's relationship with Meredith. Despite the breakup, Meredith has more exciting news on the horizon when she learns at the intern mixer that a ground breaking surgery has earned her a nomination for the highly-esteemed Harper Avery Foundation Award, which she goes on to win. While the joyous news spreads around the hospital, Bailey learns that Ben Warren (Jason George) wants","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"},{"id":"19535010","text":"impact of their custody arrangement. Meanwhile, Ben Warren (Jason George) performs an emergency C-section on April Kepner (Sarah Drew) at Meredith's house. On Owen and Amelia’s wedding day, Amelia has doubts about the marriage after Meredith talks to Owen about Cristina. Meredith confides with Amelia, leading them to run away with Maggie. April is serving as Owen’s best man, but when she forgets the ring, she and Ben run back to Meredith’s house to get it. As her contractions get closer together, Ben must step up and deliver the baby with an emergency C-section. Alex and Jo fight over Jo","title":"Family Affair (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"9015638","text":"Derek Shepherd Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as \"McDreamy\", is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance in the pilot episode, \"A Hard Day's Night\", which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily married to his longtime girlfriend and wife Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The couple have three children together. Shepherd was formerly the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"9015644","text":"attempt to repair their marriage but attempts were futile. Since their divorce they have remained on amicable terms, with Addison even admonishing Meredith for breaking up with Derek in season three. In the \"Private Practice\" episode \"Ex-Life\" Derek finally tells Addison that his mother never liked her in the first place. He admits to Meredith that Addison cheating on him with Mark was partly his fault as an absentee husband. Addison eventually leaves Seattle for a private practice in Los Angeles, spawning the spin-off \"Private Practice\". In the season eight episode \"If/Then\", Meredith dreams of an alternate universe where her","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"9037150","text":"Meredith and Derek shared, as a metaphor of their relationship during the second season. She characterizes Grey as doing what she thinks is right: The character had a one-night stand with George O'Malley, in the second season. Series writer Stacy McKee, said of the sexual encounter: \"There’s no turning back. There’s nothing George and Meredith can do. The damage is done – things will never be the same. They’ve just changed something important in their lives FOREVER and…they are freaking out.\" Grey's character development has also been known as an influence on the creation of her half-sister, Lexie Grey. Particularly,","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"19523332","text":"hires Eliza Minnick (Marika Domińczyk) to run the training aspect of the hospital. Though Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) goes on to date Minnick, the rest of the staff widely opposes Minnick's teaching techniques and works to get her fired, only for Meredith to get temporarily suspended in the process. Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) argue over Minnick's presence as well, making their marriage more divided than ever. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) also have marital issues after Amelia reveals that she doesn't want to have kids. This causes Amelia to move","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)"},{"id":"9037140","text":"Meredith finds herself in another love triangle when Megan rejects Riggs because he is still in love with Meredith, but Meredith pushes them to be together. After her relationship with Riggs ends, Meredith is nominated for a Harper Avery Award for her groundbreaking surgery on Megan. In the 300th episode, after failing to attend the awards ceremony to stay for a medical trauma, post-surgery, Meredith learns with all her closest friends in the OR and gallery that she has won the Harper Avery Award. In season 14 Meredith is doing surgery to remove a women’s spleen when the computers and","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"9037159","text":"total channel changer. The will-they-or-won't-they plot doesn't work because they've already been in and out of that relationship too many times. Meredith is a nag and McDreamy is henpecked.\" On a more positive note, her relationship with Shepherd was included in AOL TV's list of the \"Best TV Couples of All Time\" and in the same list by \"TV Guide\". During the sixth season the development of the character was praised, Glenn Diaz of \"BuddyTV\" commented that \"You gotta love Mer when she's gloomy.\", in addition to praising Pompeo's performance. In her review of the episode Tainted Obligation she wrote","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"18022135","text":"without her. He says that he’s only going back to Washington, D.C. once more to tell them he’s quitting and moving back to Seattle. However, on his way to the airport, he’s severely injured in a car crash. He’s rushed to a hospital, but they aren’t trauma certified. Derek is eventually declared brain-dead after the neurosurgeon arrives too late. Not able to feel at home without her husband, Meredith takes off leaving only a note that she and her kids are safe. A year passes, and no one has heard from her. It turns out that she was pregnant with","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"16714999","text":"gave a positive review of the episode, calling it an \"emotional buildup\", and writing overall: \"Even Grey's Anatomy itself knew it had reclaimed its name with this one.\" Michael Pascua of \"The Huffington Post\" was also positive of the episode, saying that it \"show[ed] that \"Grey's\" can be strong without having a Grey sister (or Izzie) involved.\" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" also enjoyed the episode, noting that the lack of Meredith and Derek's relationship was not a problem, and enjoying Torres and Robbins', writing: \"They're just a great, believable and enjoyable couple to watch on screen.\" Invest in Love","title":"Invest in Love"},{"id":"15598687","text":"tell Owen about Meredith altering the Alzheimer's trial, and becomes an outcast by the other residents. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver) marries Henry Burton (Scott Foley), who later dies of a heart condition, leaving her devastated. The season hit the series' low for ratings as it ended with an average of 10.92 million viewers ranking at no. 34 and in the 18-49 key demographic ranked at no. 12. Loretta Devine garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Adele Webber and earned numerous nominations including the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and the Critics' Choice Television","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"},{"id":"17314119","text":"and painful to a place of real friendship. April Kepner (Sarah Drew) and Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) elope during Kepner and paramedic Matthew's (Justin Bruening) wedding. Yang takes off to Switzerland for a job offer to take over Preston Burke's (Isaiah Washington) hospital because he wants to step down and move his family. She bids her farewell to her colleagues of the last seven years, including Hunt and dances it out with Meredith one last time to an old favorite song. The season, garnered 12.12 million viewers average viewers and was ranked 15th overall in total viewers which is eleven","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)"},{"id":"14987088","text":"and reaches out to Meredith. Meredith's half sister Maggie moves in, with Amelia labeling the threesome \"Lady Chief Trifecta.\" She gradually befriends Meredith's colleagues and is accepted into their circle. At the end of season 12, she marries Owen Hunt. However, the marriage is very turbulent at times. They struggle to adjust to married life, especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids, nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child (who Owen doesn't know about). This strains the marriage to the","title":"Amelia Shepherd"},{"id":"4811534","text":"eleven is Dr. Nicole Herman (Geena Davis), who is Chief of Fetal Surgery at Grey Sloan Memorial. Dr. Herman selects Arizona Robbins in a fetal surgery fellowship and becomes her mentor. Herman plays in a twelve-episode arc before departing after episode fourteen. Season 11 begins with new surgical residents coming to the hospital. Maggie Pierce is head of cardio, and she and her half-sister Meredith start to build a relationship, as she also does with her father Dr. Webber. Callie and Arizona's relationship falls through after they realized they want different things. April and Jackson learn that their baby has","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"10185559","text":"surgeons at the centre of Grey’s exasperate more than reward.\" As for the storylines, Foley stated that they didn't \"ring true\" and that \"the plot devices became increasingly clunky\", noting the lack of realism in arcs such as George and Callie's marriage and the Izzie's affair \"as a means of ripping it apart\". Florrey also commented on Meredith Grey's arc, by stating that she turned into \"one of the most selfish, self-centered characters on television\", whereas Mark Sloan's storyline was named \"sex-obsessed, borderline misogynistic and close to scandalous\". Daniel Fienberg of \"Zap2It\" said \"One of the season's best performances came","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 4)"},{"id":"20161227","text":"meet her friends. However, it is soon revealed that her boyfriend is a married man. Quick to call it off, Jackson sees his opportunity to invest in his love interest with Maggie. In Meredith's search for answers, she learns that Ellis Grey left Marie’s name off the surgical method they created together. If she is to acquire the patent, she must publicly announce a change the method’s name to the Grey-Cerone Method. Meredith denies the ultimatum. While Maggie and Jackson try to get past the quirks of their relationship and the fact that their step-siblings, Jo shockingly asks Alex to","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"},{"id":"15598696","text":"Mayo Clinic, and Derek has been offered an endowment and an opportunity to continue Alzheimer's research at Harvard, which sways Meredith's decision to accept an elite fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. In the finale, Meredith, Cristina, Derek, Lexie, Arizona, and Mark board a small plane to fly to Boise, Idaho to perform a surgery separating conjoined twins. Alex was meant to be on the plane, but Arizona, furious at his decision to turn down the Seattle Grace pediatrics fellowship in favor of Johns Hopkins, Arizona boots him from the plane and takes his place. En route, the","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"},{"id":"14594228","text":"Tree Hill, leaving Brooke and Jamie's life in danger. The season opened to a 1.1 adults 18–49 rating and 2.14 million viewers. The thirteenth episode of the season, \"The Other Half of Me\" which saw Brooke get married achieved season highs in all categories with a 1.2 adults 18–49 rating, a 2.4 in women 18–34 and 2.42 million viewers making it the most watched episode since December, 2009. The twentieth episode of the season hit series lows in viewers (1.24m) and in Adults 18–49 (0.6). The season averaged 1.76 million live viewers and a 0.9 rating in adults 18–49. With","title":"One Tree Hill (season 8)"},{"id":"3140139","text":"I mean love. She couldn't be a more wonderful person, and I feel like the chemistry Arizona and Callie have feels like the Meredith and Derek chemistry to me. I find them delightful to watch.\" Initial media reaction to the character was positive. Matt Mitovich of \"TV Guide\" described her as a \"fan favorite\", and Chris Monfette for IGN praised the addition of \"fresh, new characters\", such as Robbins over the course of the season. In March 2018, Capshaw was let go from \"Grey’s Anatomy\", with the producers citing creative reasons. Capshaw married Christopher Gavigan on May 22, 2004, at","title":"Jessica Capshaw"},{"id":"15025756","text":"garnered a 5.3/14 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The episode opens to a voice-over by Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl). She is excited about the wedding of Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), which she prepared and will take place at the end of the day. Stevens, who has been diagnosed with stage IV metastatic cancer in her brain and liver, has just undergone a surgery to remove a tumor. She however has hallucinations of Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), her former deceased fiancé, which she knows means she has another tumor. Meanwhile, Dr. Cristina","title":"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"12510225","text":"episodes as cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Erica Hahn, Callie's love interest, who eventually resigns and moves away. Patrick Dempsey portrayed neurosurgeon Dr. Derek Shepherd whose relationship with Meredith Grey is the series' main storyline. Although originally introduced as a recurring character in the season premiere, trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt was promoted to a series regular in the fourteenth episode of the season \"Beat Your Heart Out\". He was portrayed by Kevin McKidd and was conceived as a love interest to resident Cristina Yang. Originally only signed onto the show until December 2008, Kevin McKidd was upgraded to regular status after","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 5)"},{"id":"15025765","text":"get swept up in the moment, what with Katherine Heigl and Justin Chambers getting all teary and acting the hell out of the thing.\" Zap2it's Lisa Todorovich wrote: \"Oh, Shonda Rhimes, you minx. You get us all excited for the long-awaited marital union between Derek and Meredith, and you pull a great big bait-and-switch with Alex and Izzie. Congratulations on the very nice looking bridesmaids' dresses.\" She described the wedding as \"great\" and George brilliant for helping Izzie walk down the aisle. She also praised Callie \"who handled the ER like a champ\". Todorovich's colleague Ghosh Korbi suspected a week","title":"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"10152205","text":"out about Derek Wells being Julian Jerome and finding out about Ava's connection with him. \"General Hospital\" fan response has been overwhelmingly positive of the pairing of Sonny Corinthos and Kate Howard. They are consistently among the Top 10 Couples with the wedding of Sonny and Kate becoming a sweeps event for GH. Fans were disgusted in March 2009, when ABC announced \"General Hospital\" was dropping Megan Ward to recurring status and Rick Hearst (Ric Lansing) off contract, which resulted in him last airing that June. Following Sullivan's inception of the character, she was given the title of \"Performer of","title":"Kate Howard"},{"id":"18022143","text":"2015 it was announced that Joe Adler was cast for the show, and would appear in the final two episodes of the season. Despite signing on for two more years after the tenth season, Patrick Dempsey decided that the eleventh season would be his last. The announcement was made on April 23, 2015, just a few hours before his final episode, \"How to Save a Life,\" premiered. Showrunner Shonda Rhimes spoke out about the departure as she said \"Derek Shepherd is and will always be an incredibly important character—for Meredith, for me and for the fans. I absolutely never imagined","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"18022124","text":"boxset under the title of \"Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season – Life Changes\" on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season is the first in which Dr. Cristina Yang, portrayed by Sandra Oh, is not included in the main cast of characters following her departure in previous season's finale. The season's main storylines include Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) dealing with \"her person's\" departure, her problematic love-life with her husband Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), and the arrival of Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), whom Meredith learns is her half-sister. The biggest storyline of Season 11 was the","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"14569066","text":"of her house. Derek leaves Meredith, questioning if he can have a relationship with someone who could act like that at work. Another central story-line in the series is Lexie and Mark. She had decided to give him another chance, but when he tells her Callie is pregnant with his baby, she has had enough. She starts seeing Jackson. The reviews to the season were mostly positive. Robert Bianco \"USA Today\" gave a largely positive review stating, \"Happily, it now seems to have landed on solid ground, with its best ensemble and most engaging stories in years, the union of","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)"},{"id":"15021562","text":"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy) \"Elevator Love Letter\" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television medical drama, \"Grey's Anatomy\" and the show's 97th episode overall. Written by Stacy McKee and directed by Edward Ornelas, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on March 26, 2009. It was viewed by 15.81 million people and garnered a 5.5/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.\"Grey's Anatomy\" centers around a group of young doctors in training. In this episode, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) proposes to the show's title character Meredith Grey","title":"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)"},{"id":"4811510","text":"hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon, in season six. The surgical program is initially headed by Richard Webber, the Chief of Surgery, who has a pre-existing personal relationship with Meredith, having had an affair with her mother when Meredith was a child. In Webber's employ are attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, dubbed 'McDreamy' by the residents, and attending cardiothoracic surgeon Preston Burke. Shepherd is introduced as Meredith's love interest, while Burke begins a relationship with Yang. Introduced in the show's second season are obstetrician-gynecologist and neonatal surgeon, Addison Montgomery, plastic surgeon Mark Sloan (nicknamed 'McSteamy' by the interns),","title":"Grey's Anatomy"},{"id":"9015663","text":"BuzzFeed's \"16 Hottest Doctors On Television\". His relationship with Meredith was included in \"TV Guide\"'s list of \"The Best TV Couples of All Time\". Victor Balta of Today listed Shepherd and Sloan's friendship in its \"TV's best bromances\". He called them \"the most exciting couple on \"Grey’s,\"\" explaining \"they’ve demonstrated an easy chemistry that makes for some of the great comic relief around Seattle Grace Hospital with their banter, sage wisdom on each other’s lives, and locker room-style teasing.\" Their bromance was furthermore included in lists by About.com, BuddyTV, \"Cosmopolitan\", Wetpaint. However, following the announcement of Dane's upcoming departure from","title":"Derek Shepherd"},{"id":"9648526","text":"soon resumes his courtship of Meredith, despite her recent engagement. Bruce, whom she still calls \"Tom\", sees her desire to be with Larry, and breaks it off with her. Meredith and Larry soon marry on the terrace of Llanfair on June 25, 1970, with Viki as maid of honor and a begrudging Victor giving away the bride. Settling into marriage, Meredith insists they should have a baby to complete their happiness. Larry is against it, worrying that her illness, which is in remission, could return. She soon convinces him, and quickly becomes pregnant with twins. In 1971, after months of","title":"Meredith Lord"},{"id":"3318602","text":"vehicle to address issues of gender and race within the community. For example, one episode took on homophobia when the famous poet Walt Whitman came to town. Religion played a somewhat minor role in the series, but was also used to address certain issues and new ideas. In the season-three finale, \"For Better or Worse\", Michaela and Sully were married during a special two-hour episode. During season four, Seymour's real-life pregnancy was written into the show. The following season saw the birth of Michaela and Sully's daughter, Katie. During its entire original run on CBS, the show aired from 8–9","title":"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"},{"id":"18022130","text":"that the reason Dr. Herman wanted Arizona to learn from her is that she has an inoperable tumor. The tumor is growing, and the prognosis is not good. In due time, the tumor would kill her. Trying to learn as much as she can in such little time, Callie and Arizona grow apart. They try to save their marriage by going to marriage counseling, but it doesn’t work and they end up calling it quits. Dr. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) has moved in with Derek and Meredith, and is quickly learning the ropes at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. She finds","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"},{"id":"6912310","text":"large part in her efficiency as office administrator and was crucial to her being promoted to the previously non-existent position. The \"will they or won't they\" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of \"The Office\", encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the","title":"Pam Beesly"},{"id":"9037170","text":"they are not the priority. She doesn't need McDreamy. Grey's Anatomy doesn't need McDreamy. So even if the writers do decide to create a new love interest for Ms. Grey (Martin Henderson, perhaps?), it wouldn't matter. I have faith that the show's writers will do this storyline justice, because TV needs more strong single women — and Meredith seems like the perfect candidate.\" The site added, \"This past season was almost a trial run for a McDreamy-less Grey's Anatomy. When Derek left for Washington D.C. to pursue his research, Meredith stayed behind and focused on her own career. She didn't","title":"Meredith Grey"},{"id":"5466867","text":"3.4 out of 10. In December 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" named \"So Jealous\" one of the Top 50 records of 2004. On April 10, 2005, \"Where Does the Good Go\" was played in the fourth episode of season 1 of the ABC drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" titled \"No Man's Land\". It was played again in the season 10 finale \"Fear (of the Unknown)\" as the final scene between protagonist Meredith Grey and Cristina Yang. Adapted from the \"So Jealous\" credits. Musicians Design Production So Jealous So Jealous is the fourth studio album by Canadian indie pop duo Tegan and Sara, released on","title":"So Jealous"},{"id":"15598690","text":"as Meredith's. April is named the new Chief resident, and struggles throughout the season to be taken seriously by the other residents, while also developing a much deeper friendship with Jackson until she finally has sex with him in episode 21, \"Moment of Truth.\" Throughout the season, the fifth year surgical residents (Meredith, Cristina, Alex, April, and Jackson) prepare for their boards. Everyone passes, except for April, who gave her virginity to Jackson the night before the exam. Cristina chooses to terminate her pregnancy (episode 1, \"Free Falling\"), which Owen does not want because he wants to have children. He","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"},{"id":"17314129","text":"hospital to Alex, and dances it out with Meredith one last time to an old favorite song. Owen, however, is busy saving a patient in the O.R., so they share a silent goodbye through the gallery's glass without exchanging a word with their eyes and imperceptible nods saying everything that was left unsaid. Meredith starts fighting with Derek when she adamantly states that she's not going to Washington, D.C. because Cristina makes her realize her life is in Seattle and she is just as important in the relationship as Derek is. The new head of cardio, Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)"},{"id":"12077122","text":"in the season finale with a proposal that he and Kathleen return to live and explore the world. Kathleen is hesitant to accept, not wanting to leave Grace and Tom behind by themselves. Towards the middle of the season, Amy and Ricky begin to date, and everyone is doubtful that Ricky will be faithful. Adrian and Ben decide to get married and the ceremony occurs near the end of the season. In the two-part season finale, Ben and Adrian are living together in their condo and Adrian begins to sense that something might be wrong with their baby. They decide","title":"The Secret Life of the American Teenager"},{"id":"7310952","text":"nurse Olivia Harper, portrayed by Sarah Utterback, who serves as a love interest for George and Alex, and Derek's estranged wife Addison Montgomery, played by Kate Walsh. The first season's ratings were consistently high, ranking first in its timeslot and leading its closest competition by 7.2 million viewers. It delivered ABC's best audience retention following \"Desperate Housewives\", was the highest rated show amongst 18- to 49-year-olds in 13 years since \"The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles\", and produced ABC's strongest series performance in the hour in more than four years. Commenting on the first season's high ratings, Magna Global USA media","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 1)"},{"id":"16574186","text":"soon becomes famous for a viral video. Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) is finally promoted to regional manager. The documentary airs, and a year later, the members of the office gather for Dwight and Angela's marriage as well as a final round of interviews. Following the decline in ratings from the previous year, the ninth season of \"The Office\" managed to stabilize around 4 million viewers per episode. The series finale, however, was watched by over 5.69 million viewers, making it the highest-rated episode that the show had aired in over a year. The season ranked as the ninety-fourth most watched","title":"The Office (U.S. season 9)"},{"id":"18689729","text":"live together for a month, whereafter they choose whether they will continue their relationship. The first season premiered on 18 May 2015 on the Nine Network. A second season began on 4 April 2016 with the third season premiering later in the same year on 29 August 2016. A fourth season premiered on Monday 30 January 2017. The fifth season premiered on Monday 29 January 2018. During the first season, four female contestants were matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, two couples (Michael & Roni, Clare & Lachlan) met and wed.","title":"Married at First Sight (Australian TV series)"},{"id":"17314118","text":"The Moments\" on September 2, 2014 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season mainly focuses on the relationship between the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and \"her person\" Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) as both follow different paths relating their careers straining their relationship. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) having separated from her wife Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) teamed up with the White House to work on a brain mapping project. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) was on a project mapping out the human genome. Yang and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) gradually take their relationship from complicated","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)"},{"id":"18761851","text":"Grey would say: the carousel never stops turning.\" During an interview with\" TVLine\", Shonda Rhimes said that the twelfth season will take \"a much lighter tone\" in the wake of Derek's death. She continued talking about Meredith's evolvement as she said \"Meredith is single, and she is living this life that she’s never thought she’d be living again. She’s living in a house with her sisters. She’s surrounded by women who are dating and having a whole life, and she’s not interested in all that. [Meredith is] starting to wonder is there a second life here or are your best","title":"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)"},{"id":"9169903","text":"alcoholism. Michael then pretends to take her out for drinks, but instead takes her to a rehab clinic where he forcibly drags her inside and informs the staff that he's \"making a deposit\". When he finds out that she cannot be admitted against her will, he is determined to help her \"hit rock bottom\", as he somewhat proudly mentions he was able to do with Jan. In the episode \"The Promotion\" it's revealed that Creed and Meredith have had sex. Creed didn't remember this until he makes another pass at her. In the season seven episode \"PDA\" Dwight reads an","title":"Meredith Palmer"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"9015646\",\n \"text\": \"forced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time to date other people. Derek's plans to propose were ruined by a series of unfortunate events in season five. In the season finale, they decide to give their planned wedding to Alex and Izzie. Due to their tight schedule, they instead informally marry and Derek writes down their \\\"promises\\\" on a post-it\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15029277\",\n \"text\": \"both (regardless of my lack of surprise, Justin Chambers and Katherine Heigl were both great). Chandra Wilson continued to stand tall above the rest of the cast with the Bailey scenes in both episodes, particularly her crying in front of the Chief. And Meredith and Derek getting \\\"married\\\" via Post-It note was so perfect for their characters.\\\" He added, \\\"I wish I was able to go into this one pristine, but I wasn't, and I still liked a lot of it. During those fallow periods in the middle of the last few seasons, people kept asking me why I was\",\n \"title\": \"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037122\",\n \"text\": \"is healthier than before, but still experiences snags as the two attempt to understand each other and navigate what they now look on as a permanent, long-term relationship. Meredith relies heavily on Cristina for emotional support and guidance. Eventually, Derek and Meredith decide to marry, but on their wedding day, the pair give their \\\"perfect\\\" wedding ceremony to Izzie and Alex, to marry each other during the planned ceremony instead. Meredith and Derek marry by writing their wedding vows on a post-it note. Meredith spends the majority of a season out of commission after donating part of her liver to\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15598685\",\n \"text\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8) The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two-hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. This season follows the story-line of Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) as they try to save their marriage and adopt Zola after Meredith tampered\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811526\",\n \"text\": \"two were in college. Harris is fired in the fifth season, due to not actually having a medical degree, and departs the show immediately after. Meredith and Shepherd's relationship reaches a toll, and the two separate, leading Shepherd to entertaining a relationship with Rose (Lauren Stamile), a nurse. Rose appears frequently until season five, when Derek and Meredith decide to rekindle their flame. Throughout the fifth season, Stevens experiences full-out hallucinations of Duquette, signaling that she is ill, and once she is lucid, he departs, marking his final appearance. Following the announcement of her relationship with Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Callie's\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811599\",\n \"text\": \"of the show set up a real online wedding registry to mark the wedding of Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd. Instead of buying gifts fans were encouraged to donate money to the American Academy of Neurology Foundation. An adaptation named as \\\"Doktorlar\\\" (\\\"Doctors\\\") was aired on December 28, 2006, in a Turkish Network, Show TV, and it lasted four seasons. In 2010, \\\"A Corazón Abierto\\\", an adaptation of the series, was made by the Colombian network RCN TV. Grey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015651\",\n \"text\": \"uproot their young family. His youngest sister Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) takes over his position at Grey Sloan. Meanwhile, he and Meredith fight bitterly on and off over whether they should move. After a bad argument, he accepts the job in the heat of the moment and leaves for Washington. While there, he and Meredith talk things out over the phone and come to a mutual conclusion that they both did not want to end their marriage. He tells her that just being with her, raising their children and operating on patients was more satisfying than \\\"saving the world\\\". In season\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15598688\",\n \"text\": \"Awards. James Pickens, Jr. won Outstanding Supporting Actor at the NAACP Image Awards, and Chandra Wilson and Sandra Oh both received nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama. Stacy McKee was nominated for Humanitas Prize for writing \\\"White Wedding\\\". Sara Ramirez was nominated at the 13th ALMA Awards for Favorite TV Supporting Actress. For the 38th People's Choice Awards, the show was nominated for Favorite TV Drama, and Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey were respectively nominated for Favorite TV Drama Actress and Favorite TV Drama actor. In season 8, Meredith and Derek try to save their marriage after the fallout\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022138\",\n \"text\": \"all. With her son as her maid of honor, the two tie the knot in the hospital’s chapel. Their reception is held at Derek and Meredith house, where Meredith says she’s glad this will be her last memory of the place before she moves back into her old house; Derek always wanted his home to be filled with loud, happy people. On August 13, 2013, Sandra Oh revealed that she would be leaving after Season 10 of \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", making the eleventh season the first season in which Dr. Cristina Yang did not appear. It was announced on March 25,\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037125\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Adele, is diagnosed with Alzheimer's, she receives a spot on the trial. Meredith tampers with the drugs so that Adele does not receive the placebo. She and Derek decide to adopt Zola, an orphaned baby from Malawi, and make their marriage legal. When the truth about the tampering comes out, however, a furious Derek tells her he cannot raise a child with her because of her moral ambiguity. Meredith is fired, and tries to conceal both this and her marital separation from the adoption counselor in order to keep Zola. Although Dr. Webber steps down as chief of surgery\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022125\",\n \"text\": \"death of Derek who is involved in a car accident in \\\"How to Save a Life.\\\" Other story-arcs include Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) moving to Seattle, learning the ropes at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) try to save their marriage by going to marriage counseling, April Kepner (Sarah Drew) and Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) end up having a boy, named Samuel, who dies moments after birth having been diagnosed to have Osteogenesis imperfecta, a lethal birth defect. The season also focuses on the deepening friendship between Meredith and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers)\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18761837\",\n \"text\": \"fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season takes place three months after the events of the last season finale in which Richard and Catherine got married. April and Jackson's relationship has hit the rocks after April has resumed her work overseas in Jordan, leaving Jackson high and dry once again. Once the new intern year begins, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) starts teaching the new interns an anatomy class. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson)\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19523330\",\n \"text\": \"beats Andrew to a pulp, sending him to the hospital and subsequently landing Alex in jail. Alex is charged with a felony and is at risk of serving substantial jail time until Andrew drops the charges. Later, when Alex questions why Jo had turned down his proposal, she reveals that she is already married and has run away from her abusive husband. Meanwhile, Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson) continues to pursue Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) after their recent sexual encounter, though Meredith has trouble letting go of her late husband, Derek Shepherd. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary) admits to Meredith that she\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7311006\",\n \"text\": \"with whom he had a sexual relationship, is pregnant with his child. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Although originally conceived as a guest star with a five-episode story arc, Kate Walsh decided to extend her contract following positive reviews from critics and fans, resulting in her getting promoted to series regular status. Being the first addition to the original cast from the first season, Walsh began receiving star billing in the seventh episode of the season, portraying obstetrician-gynaecologist and world-class neonatal\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037152\",\n \"text\": \"little package. Referring to Grey's tampering with Shepherd's trial, Pompeo said: \\\"Listen, what Meredith did clearly crossed a line. Derek has a right to be pissed.\\\" Following the tampering, Rhimes said she believes that Grey and Shepherd are meant to be together and that it in the end, they will end up with each other. Grey's relationship with Cristina Yang, has been looked upon as \\\"sisterhood\\\", and Yang has repeatedly referred to Grey as \\\"her person\\\". This led to the two being dubbed \\\"the twisted sisters\\\". At the conclusion of season three, the duo went on a \\\"honeymoon\\\" together, and\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20161234\",\n \"text\": \"struggles to find an available cardio surgeon until Teddy unexpectedly arrives looking for a job. Jo learns she has been accepted into Mass Gen's fellowship program, but fearful of losing Alex, Meredith offers Jo the general surgery attending position. The wedding is delayed when the wedding planner goes into anaphylactic shock and an emergency tracheotomy is performed to save her. After the guests leave thinking there will be no wedding, the pastor finally arrives in time to marry April and Matthew after a surprise re-engagement. On a ferry back to the main land, Maggie has the idea to have Meredith\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20727481\",\n \"text\": \"married right then and there. Due to his significance to her, April asks Jackson to stay for the wedding. Arizona walks her down the aisle and the couple gets married in an intimate and Christian ceremony. With her new husband and new job providing healthcare to homeless communities in Seattle, April is ready to start a brand new chapter in her life. During the ceremony, Arizona receives a text from Callie, who can't wait to be reunited. Arizona smiles at the prospect. Meanwhile, on the ferry back to the city, Meredith becomes ordained and officiates the wedding between Jo and\",\n \"title\": \"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022137\",\n \"text\": \"sharing a place, so she buys a fixer-upper for only the two of them. Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) and Dr. Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) continue their on-again, off-again relationship. With differing opinions on how to be in a relationship, how to run the hospital, and who should be in charge, the two call off their wedding. However, Meredith intervenes and tells them that they are both lucky to still be alive and to cherish the fact that they can still talk to each other. Dr. Webber and Avery work out their differences and decide to get married after\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14638499\",\n \"text\": \"made public when the two are involved in a car accident, where April almost dies of hypothermia. In the season finale, April and Matthew get married. Drew was cast in late September 2009 and first appeared on the show in the fifth episode of the sixth season as one of the residents from the Mercy West Hospital after its merger with Seattle Grace. Drew was brought aboard \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" after former collaborations with the Series' producer and creator Shonda Rhimes; she was formally featured as a guest in two episodes of \\\"Private Practice\\\" in 2008 and was one of the\",\n \"title\": \"April Kepner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015650\",\n \"text\": \"sister, agrees to donate a nerve and the surgery is a success. Derek and Meredith's marriage is strained after he accepted an invitation from the President to participate in the Brain-Mapping Initiative. He went back on his promise to her that he would not add to his current workload in order to devote time to their two young children and allow her the chance to establish her career as a full-fledged attending. Eventually he was offered a position at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., but Meredith puts her foot down and refuses to leave her hometown and\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015647\",\n \"text\": \"note. They legalize their marriage in season seven in order to adopt Zola, a young African orphan treated for spina bifida. They briefly separate after Meredith tampers with their Alzheimer's trial, jeopardizing her career and tarnishing Derek's reputation. Zola is taken away from Meredith after a social worker finds out she and Derek are living separately. In later seasons, Derek often griped about how his subsequent interns and residents – mainly Lexie Grey, Shane Ross and Heather Brooks – did not quite measure up to Meredith. The social worker comes back and announces they are the official parents of Zola.\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18846348\",\n \"text\": \"Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy) \\\"Only Mama Knows\\\" is the fourth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", and is the 224th episode overall. It aired on October 16, 2014 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Driscoll and directed by Nicole Rubio. The episode focuses on the show's protagonist Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) past and troubled childhood and her relationship with her mother world-renowned surgeon Ellis Grey (Kate Burton) and Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) while she struggles in her marriage with Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). On its\",\n \"title\": \"Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025759\",\n \"text\": \"go well: they went to an expensive restaurant that she couldn't afford because she has been disowned by her father and now she is broke. Arizona tells her they will stay in to eat and they reconcile. Meredith tells Bailey and Derek's idea to Izzie: they give her their wedding. Yang becomes the maid of honor and Meredith serves as Alex's best man. Back at the hospital, Izzie is sad about her hair loss but Alex tells her she doesn't need it to be beautiful. The episode concludes with Izzie having shaved her head and telling Denny to leave as\",\n \"title\": \"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14987085\",\n \"text\": \"Seattle. Following the end of \\\"Private Practice\\\", when ABC cancelled it after six seasons in January 2013, the character of Amelia was added to its progenitor show \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\". In Season 10, she was seen in the season's last four episodes visiting her brother Derek and his wife Meredith Grey in their Seattle home and helping care for their children. Previously, she had only made one-off guest appearances on the show when storylines crossed over between the two series. On June 23, 2014, Scorsone and her character was permanently added to the regular cast for Season 11, which began airing\",\n \"title\": \"Amelia Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15029264\",\n \"text\": \"have decided not to wait any longer to get married and just go to City Hall that evening, but later realize that there's just no time. Instead, Derek writes their vows down on a post-it note that they both sign and then stick in their locker. Meanwhile, a man is brought in who pushed a woman out of the way of a bus and was subsequently run over by the bus and dragged half a block. The girl he saved keeps checking on him and calling him \\\"her hero\\\" and \\\"Prince Charming\\\" and similar names. Every time Meredith is talking\",\n \"title\": \"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14569061\",\n \"text\": \"(Sandra Oh) was the most affected by the shooting, quitting her job. Cristina and Owen later marry with \\\"her person\\\", the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), as her maid of honor. Meredith and Derek start an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Richard Webber's (James Pickens, Jr.) wife Adele (Loretta Devine) may have Alzheimer's. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) leaves for Africa after getting a grant leaving Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) despondent. She sleeps with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) and becomes pregnant by chance. Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. Meredith messes up the trial for the sake of\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037139\",\n \"text\": \"she is violently attacked by a disoriented patient, and she supports him through his legal difficulties. Alex initiates a weekly family waffle day where he makes waffles for everyone in the house. Meredith recovers enough to start seeing Nathan Riggs, Owen Hunt's former best friend, by season 13, although their relationship is complicated by the fact that Maggie confesses to Meredith that she has feelings for Riggs and Meredith is not ready to declare their relationship formally or publicly. Eventually she accepts her relationship with Riggs, but it's complicated by the unexpected return of Owen's sister, Megan Hunt, Riggs' fiancée.\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14569064\",\n \"text\": \"the season Cristina and Owen marry, while Callie and Arizona's relationship takes a turn for the worse when Arizona goes to Africa after getting the Carder Madison Grant. With Callie distraught after the breakup, she sleeps with Mark. She learns she is pregnant just before Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. The season also focuses on Meredith and Derek starting an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Adele may have Alzheimer's. Richard originally resists accepting that, but then pushes to have Adele admitted to their trial. Season Seven features the series first extended musical episode. Callie and Arizona are\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015653\",\n \"text\": \"he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Derek was mentioned or referenced to a number of times in season 12 as the other characters struggle to cope with his sudden death. In the episode \\\"My Next Life\\\", Meredith had a flashback of their first ever surgery together when a\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025764\",\n \"text\": \"out Chandra Wilson as \\\"the best actor in the ensemble, Sepinwall liked Justin Chambers' acting, \\\"because of how far Karev has come, Chambers' big moments always feel more surprising, and powerful.\\\" He also appreciated \\\"all the action in the pit.\\\" \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" listed Alex's speech to Izzie in their \\\"25 Great 'I Love You's\\\". The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" writer Shawna Malcolm wasn't shocked that Izzie and Alex married instead of Meredith and Derek as she had already elaborated that hypothesis weeks prior to the episode's broadcast. She underlined Heigl and Chambers' performances, saying: \\\"it was next to impossible not to\",\n \"title\": \"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15029275\",\n \"text\": \"episode fades to black, the two of them are meeting — in an elevator, natch — with Izzie in her pink prom dress and George in his army uniform, while back on earth, their colleagues try furiously to save them. I suppose those of us who wanted answers about whether Katherine Heigl and T.R. Knight are leaving are out of luck — but wow, what an ending.\\\" Speaking of Meredith and Derek's wedding the site wrote, \\\"I'm curious to know how the hardcore Mer-Der fans take this, but I thought the whole act was touching (not to mention their actual\",\n \"title\": \"Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037116\",\n \"text\": \"trust her. Her surgical skills are solidly impressive and she shows a talent and patience for medical research trials and dealing with psychologically damaged patients. Meredith resists Derek's advances throughout her internship, but is eventually charmed into starting a relationship with him despite misgivings about an intern dating an attending. She is, therefore, shocked by the arrival of Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), Derek's wife, unaware that he was married. Derek struggles to choose between the two, but ultimately returns to Addison, despite Meredith begging to be chosen instead. Meredith is devastated and turns to multiple, self-destructive means of coping. Initially\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9169654\",\n \"text\": \"rest of the season that he's gay, which almost everyone eventually notices. Angela remains oblivious however. In the season 7 finale, he proposes to her and they're officially engaged (marking her second engagement on the show). It was confirmed by Angela Kinsey at the NBC Press Tour that she and Robert will have gotten married over the summer. In the season 8 premiere, it is revealed that Angela and Robert are married and she is pregnant. Angela tends to be somewhat abrasive towards other office workers, often outright insulting them. In the season 3 premiere, she expresses an open homophobia\",\n \"title\": \"Angela Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7310981\",\n \"text\": \"a detailed perspective on the personal background of each character, focusing on the consequences that their decisions have on their careers. Throughout the season, new story lines were introduced, including the love triangle between Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, and Addison Montgomery, the main arc of the season. Also heavily developed was the story line involving Izzie Stevens' relationship with patient Denny Duquette, which resulted in critical acclaim and positive fan response. The season kept its original airtime from the previous season, taking over \\\"Boston Legal\\\" time slot at 10:00 pm on Sundays, while airing as a lead-out to the already\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15021571\",\n \"text\": \"right now.\\\" About the proposal he gave a positive review as well saying, \\\"I thought Derek's proposal -- and Meredith's behavior in response to his earlier attempts -- was very grown-up and sweet, and reflected a relationship that's grown to be about more than the stupid will-they-or-won't-they drama. And the moment when Derek finally came out of his stupor and started telling off the oncologist was well-played by Patrick Dempsey, who's been doing some nice work.\\\" Justin Chambers also received praise from Sepinwall, \\\"Every time I watch Justin Chambers get a showcase episode like this, I think about how lucky\",\n \"title\": \"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022139\",\n \"text\": \"2014 that Gaius Charles and Tessa Ferrer did not receive a contract renewal for the eleventh season, and left at the end of the tenth season. Jerrika Hinton and Camilla Luddington however, returned as residents for the eleventh season. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On May 2, 2014, the rest of the six original cast mates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson and\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025762\",\n \"text\": \"Standing at the altar and saying those vows like a man. (...) He's become a man who can step up. And I love him for it.\\\" To promote the episode, a special website for Meredith and Derek's wedding was created, supposedly created and updated by Izzie. The website provided details on the event and an invitation to RSVP. Rhimes wanted it to \\\"feel like a real wedding website\\\", even though it was for fictional characters. She had the idea during the shooting. \\\"What a Difference a Day Makes\\\" was originally broadcast on May 7, 2009 in the United States on\",\n \"title\": \"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17314135\",\n \"text\": \"options picked up for Season 11, meaning that Season 10 would be their last season as regulars on the show. On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd respectively, meaning their characters will be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On May 2, 2014, it was announced that the rest of the six original castmates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson, and James Pickens Jr., excluding Sandra Oh, had renewed their contracts for another two seasons (11 and 12).\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16258446\",\n \"text\": \"G.G. (Gossip Girl) \\\"G.G.\\\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television teen drama, \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" and the show's 100th episode overall. The episode was written by executive producer Joshua Safran and directed by Mark Piznarski. It premiered on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on January 30, 2012. In the episode, the wedding of Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) to Prince Louis Grimaldi (Hugo Becker) takes place. The episode opened to favorable reviews, with television critics praising the fact it honored the series' successful days. Michelle Trachtenberg's performance as Georgina Sparks was\",\n \"title\": \"G.G. (Gossip Girl)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10235326\",\n \"text\": \"If Tomorrow Never Comes (Grey's Anatomy) \\\"If Tomorrow Never Comes\\\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American television medical drama \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", which first aired on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on Sunday May 1, 2005. The episode was written by Krista Vernoff and was directed by Scott Brazil. The interns are speechless when a woman comes in with a large, record-breaking tumor, but unfortunately for the woman, her outlook isn't good. Derek and Meredith's jobs are at risk now that Bailey knows about their relationship, and Dr. Bailey makes it clear that Derek better not give\",\n \"title\": \"If Tomorrow Never Comes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14418211\",\n \"text\": \"was described by Buchman as having \\\"no more taboos\\\", compared to the other story lines developed in the episode: \\\"Even though it was a minor fight, it's very revealing for Meredith. This is probably the longest relationship she's every been in, and the first with someone she feels a genuine connection with. We might know Derek will come back, but she doesn't.\\\" The last scene of them in the episode has been deemed \\\"a milestone of sorts for Meredith\\\", with the goal to determine her to admit how new to this romantic development in her personal life she actually is,\",\n \"title\": \"Great Expectations (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811513\",\n \"text\": \"love interest. During the fifth season, Hahn departs from the series, and O'Malley retakes his intern exam, passing, joining his fellow physicians as a resident. Two new characters are introduced, former United States Army trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt, and pediatric surgeon Dr. Arizona Robbins. Hunt becomes a love-interest for Yang, while Robbins becomes a love-interest for Torres. When Stevens is diagnosed with stage four metastatic melanoma, she and Karev get married at the conclusion of the fifth season. In addition, Meredith and Shepherd marry, with their vows written on a blue post-it note. O'Malley dies in the premiere of\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037118\",\n \"text\": \"chest by impulsively inserting her hand to hold it until the bomb squad can remove it. Meredith has a series of one-night stands, including one with George, who is in love with her. When she cries in the middle of their encounter, their friendship temporarily ends. Meredith swears off her behavior, agrees to be friends only with Shepherd and embarks on a relationship with veterinarian Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell). Derek regrets his decision to return to his wife, and Meredith must decide whether to continue a relationship with Finn, or allow Derek a second chance. When Ellis experiences a rare,\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8397451\",\n \"text\": \"depression and giving Derek a season's worth of reconsidering to do\\\". Monfette criticized the romantic development of the characters throughout the season, by describing Cristina and Burke's relationship as an excuse for the possibility of a wedding for Meredith, whereas Burke's unfair behavior towards Cristina is thought to be manipulative, exposing her to his overly romantic notion of an ideal ceremony. The way the doubts regarding the success of their relationship were resolved in the season finale was described as \\\"most obvious and least compelling.\\\" \\\"IGN Entertainment\\\" was also critical of Alex Karev's storyline, who is seen falling for a\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811515\",\n \"text\": \"Cardiothoracic Surgery. In the season six finale, a deceased patient's grieving husband embarks on a shooting spree at the hospital, injuring Karev, Shepherd, and Hunt, and killing residents Charles Percy and Reed Adamson. In the shooting's emotional reverberations, Hunt and Yang abruptly marry, not wanting to risk separation. Torres and Robbins eventually wed, officiated by Bailey. In season eight, Webber steps down and allocates his job to Hunt. As the final year of residency for Meredith, Yang, Karev, Avery, and Kepner is coming to a close, the doctors are all planning to relocate to different hospitals to pursue their specialty\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14594217\",\n \"text\": \"season opened to a 1.1 Adults 18–49 rating and 2.14 million viewers. The thirteenth episode of the season, \\\"The Other Half of Me\\\" which saw Brooke getting married achieved season highs in all categories with a 1.2 Adults 18–49 rating, a 2.4 in Women 18–34 and 2.42 million viewers making it the most watched episode since December 2009. The season averaged 1.8 million viewers. It was released on DVD in the UK on October 29, 2011. Brooke and Julian are engaged but she has to deal with financial problems at Clothes Over Bros, thanks to Victoria. Nathan makes a huge\",\n \"title\": \"One Tree Hill (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7311022\",\n \"text\": \"the ratings, the timeslots and the really great audience meant that they have to end the season with that episode, and the cliffhanger with the coming of Derek's estranged wife fit perfectly. The season received positive critics and reception, and this season performed better than the previous one. Due to the success of the first season, \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" took over the Sunday night timeslot along with \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", replacing \\\"Boston Legal\\\". The second season averaged 21.07 million viewers, making it the highest-rated season of the series to date. It was ranked the fifth in the 2005-2006 television season. The season\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18769604\",\n \"text\": \"Time Stops \\\"Time Stops\\\" is the 24th episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", and the 244th episode overall. It aired on May 7, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Meg Marinis and directed by Kevin McKidd. On its initial airing it was watched by 7.74 million viewers. In the episode a fresh batch of surgical interns join the hospital's internship program. It's the wedding day of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) declares that he’s been Chief long enough. Richard recommends\",\n \"title\": \"Time Stops\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811529\",\n \"text\": \"the couple endeavors to raise their new daughter, Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres, with the help of Dr. Sloan. Shepherd and Meredith also become new parents, with their adoption of Zola, a baby girl from Malawi. Conceived as a patient with a tumor condition who later develops diabetes, Henry Burton (Scott Foley) befriends Dr. Altman and eventually joins her in marriage only to get treated using her medical insurance, until he dies while undergoing heart surgery. In the season nine premiere, interns Dr. Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington), Dr. Heather Brooks (Tina Majorino), Dr. Shane Ross (Gaius Charles), Dr. Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037162\",\n \"text\": \"journey and did more than just growing up, she finally became \\\"all whole and healed\\\".\\\" Maura O'Malley of \\\"Bustle\\\" also lauded the development of the character ahead of season 12 saying, \\\"When the series began, Meredith was just a girl sitting in a bar celebrating the exciting next phase of her life. She had graduated medical school, she was starting her residency at a prestigious hospital, and she was simply looking for a no-strings attached, one night stand. What she got instead was a complicated romantic relationship that rivals Romeo and Juliet — but the key is, she wasn't searching\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9169894\",\n \"text\": \"In the season 3 premiere, she is caught eating Angela Martin's alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and her excitement over merger-day champagne was quickly quashed by Michael who says the beverages are for \\\"guests only.\\\" In the producer's cut of \\\"Branch Closing\\\", she recalls a past agreement with a coworker to have sex together on the last day of work, but can't remember who she made the deal with. During a deleted scene from \\\"Back from Vacation,\\\" Meredith implies that her tendency to sleep around was worth it because she's \\\"seen the world.\\\" She joins Pam and Karen's party in \\\"A Benihana\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Palmer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8397425\",\n \"text\": \"husband Derek Shepherd's desire to divorce, while dealing with the arrival of her former lover. Isaiah Washington played the role of attending physician and cardiothoracic surgeon, Preston Burke, who becomes engaged to intern Cristina Yang after their developing a relationship. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season. She portrayed orthopedic surgeon and fifth-year resident, Calliope \\\"Callie\\\" Torres, whose relationship with intern George\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16531020\",\n \"text\": \"starts dating intern Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika Hinton), while Kepner starts dating a paramedic named Matthew (Justin Bruening). In May 2012, it was announced that six original cast mates, Ellen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Sandra Oh, Chandra Wilson, Justin Chambers, and James Pickens, Jr. had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, Cristina Yang, Miranda Bailey, Alex Karev, and Richard Webber respectively. In July 2012, it was announced that cast member Eric Dane would not be returning to \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" as a series regular, and would leave after two episodes to give his character a proper ending.\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015643\",\n \"text\": \"Carolyn approved as she felt Meredith's gray perspective of life complemented Derek's tendency to see everything in black and white. Derek's background was generally a mystery for the first season and source of speculation amongst his colleagues due to his sudden departure from an established and highly respected practice in New York. In the season one finale, his past eventually catches up with him when his estranged wife Addison moves to Seattle and is offered a position by Dr. Webber. Shortly thereafter, his childhood best friend Mark joins Seattle Grace as the new head of plastic surgery. Derek and Addison\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20727477\",\n \"text\": \"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy) \\\"All of Me\\\" is the twenty-fourth episode, serving as the season finale of the fourteenth season of the American medical drama television series \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", and the 317th overall episode, which aired on ABC on May 17, 2018. The episode was written by Krista Vernoff and directed by Debbie Allen. The wedding between Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) takes place, and things go awry. Meanwhile, the stress from the past year has taken a toll on Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), and she re-evaluates some of her decisions. This episode marked the\",\n \"title\": \"All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037133\",\n \"text\": \"Alex in charge of being Meredith's \\\"person\\\" in her place, an honor he gladly accepts. Meredith and Derek's marriage becomes strained when Derek goes against his promise and accepts an offer from the U.S. President to participate in the Brain Mapping Initiative, which consumes his time and eclipses Meredith, who is feeling increasingly left behind and mommy-tracked. He receives an offer to head the project itself in Washington D.C., meaning that he would have to be based there permanently. Meredith puts her foot down as she does not want to uproot their young family to move across the country for\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20161221\",\n \"text\": \"contest. Now that Megan is healthy again, Meredith and Nathan work together to bring her son over to the United States. Upon arrival, Nathan, Megan, and Farouk all move to California to start a life together, which officially ends Nathan's relationship with Meredith. Despite the breakup, Meredith has more exciting news on the horizon when she learns at the intern mixer that a ground breaking surgery has earned her a nomination for the highly-esteemed Harper Avery Foundation Award, which she goes on to win. While the joyous news spreads around the hospital, Bailey learns that Ben Warren (Jason George) wants\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19535010\",\n \"text\": \"impact of their custody arrangement. Meanwhile, Ben Warren (Jason George) performs an emergency C-section on April Kepner (Sarah Drew) at Meredith's house. On Owen and Amelia’s wedding day, Amelia has doubts about the marriage after Meredith talks to Owen about Cristina. Meredith confides with Amelia, leading them to run away with Maggie. April is serving as Owen’s best man, but when she forgets the ring, she and Ben run back to Meredith’s house to get it. As her contractions get closer together, Ben must step up and deliver the baby with an emergency C-section. Alex and Jo fight over Jo\",\n \"title\": \"Family Affair (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015638\",\n \"text\": \"Derek Shepherd Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as \\\"McDreamy\\\", is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance in the pilot episode, \\\"A Hard Day's Night\\\", which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily married to his longtime girlfriend and wife Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The couple have three children together. Shepherd was formerly the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015644\",\n \"text\": \"attempt to repair their marriage but attempts were futile. Since their divorce they have remained on amicable terms, with Addison even admonishing Meredith for breaking up with Derek in season three. In the \\\"Private Practice\\\" episode \\\"Ex-Life\\\" Derek finally tells Addison that his mother never liked her in the first place. He admits to Meredith that Addison cheating on him with Mark was partly his fault as an absentee husband. Addison eventually leaves Seattle for a private practice in Los Angeles, spawning the spin-off \\\"Private Practice\\\". In the season eight episode \\\"If/Then\\\", Meredith dreams of an alternate universe where her\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037150\",\n \"text\": \"Meredith and Derek shared, as a metaphor of their relationship during the second season. She characterizes Grey as doing what she thinks is right: The character had a one-night stand with George O'Malley, in the second season. Series writer Stacy McKee, said of the sexual encounter: \\\"There’s no turning back. There’s nothing George and Meredith can do. The damage is done – things will never be the same. They’ve just changed something important in their lives FOREVER and…they are freaking out.\\\" Grey's character development has also been known as an influence on the creation of her half-sister, Lexie Grey. Particularly,\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19523332\",\n \"text\": \"hires Eliza Minnick (Marika Domińczyk) to run the training aspect of the hospital. Though Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) goes on to date Minnick, the rest of the staff widely opposes Minnick's teaching techniques and works to get her fired, only for Meredith to get temporarily suspended in the process. Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) argue over Minnick's presence as well, making their marriage more divided than ever. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) also have marital issues after Amelia reveals that she doesn't want to have kids. This causes Amelia to move\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037140\",\n \"text\": \"Meredith finds herself in another love triangle when Megan rejects Riggs because he is still in love with Meredith, but Meredith pushes them to be together. After her relationship with Riggs ends, Meredith is nominated for a Harper Avery Award for her groundbreaking surgery on Megan. In the 300th episode, after failing to attend the awards ceremony to stay for a medical trauma, post-surgery, Meredith learns with all her closest friends in the OR and gallery that she has won the Harper Avery Award. In season 14 Meredith is doing surgery to remove a women’s spleen when the computers and\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037159\",\n \"text\": \"total channel changer. The will-they-or-won't-they plot doesn't work because they've already been in and out of that relationship too many times. Meredith is a nag and McDreamy is henpecked.\\\" On a more positive note, her relationship with Shepherd was included in AOL TV's list of the \\\"Best TV Couples of All Time\\\" and in the same list by \\\"TV Guide\\\". During the sixth season the development of the character was praised, Glenn Diaz of \\\"BuddyTV\\\" commented that \\\"You gotta love Mer when she's gloomy.\\\", in addition to praising Pompeo's performance. In her review of the episode Tainted Obligation she wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022135\",\n \"text\": \"without her. He says that he’s only going back to Washington, D.C. once more to tell them he’s quitting and moving back to Seattle. However, on his way to the airport, he’s severely injured in a car crash. He’s rushed to a hospital, but they aren’t trauma certified. Derek is eventually declared brain-dead after the neurosurgeon arrives too late. Not able to feel at home without her husband, Meredith takes off leaving only a note that she and her kids are safe. A year passes, and no one has heard from her. It turns out that she was pregnant with\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16714999\",\n \"text\": \"gave a positive review of the episode, calling it an \\\"emotional buildup\\\", and writing overall: \\\"Even Grey's Anatomy itself knew it had reclaimed its name with this one.\\\" Michael Pascua of \\\"The Huffington Post\\\" was also positive of the episode, saying that it \\\"show[ed] that \\\"Grey's\\\" can be strong without having a Grey sister (or Izzie) involved.\\\" Steve Marsi of \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" also enjoyed the episode, noting that the lack of Meredith and Derek's relationship was not a problem, and enjoying Torres and Robbins', writing: \\\"They're just a great, believable and enjoyable couple to watch on screen.\\\" Invest in Love\",\n \"title\": \"Invest in Love\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15598687\",\n \"text\": \"tell Owen about Meredith altering the Alzheimer's trial, and becomes an outcast by the other residents. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver) marries Henry Burton (Scott Foley), who later dies of a heart condition, leaving her devastated. The season hit the series' low for ratings as it ended with an average of 10.92 million viewers ranking at no. 34 and in the 18-49 key demographic ranked at no. 12. Loretta Devine garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Adele Webber and earned numerous nominations including the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and the Critics' Choice Television\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17314119\",\n \"text\": \"and painful to a place of real friendship. April Kepner (Sarah Drew) and Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) elope during Kepner and paramedic Matthew's (Justin Bruening) wedding. Yang takes off to Switzerland for a job offer to take over Preston Burke's (Isaiah Washington) hospital because he wants to step down and move his family. She bids her farewell to her colleagues of the last seven years, including Hunt and dances it out with Meredith one last time to an old favorite song. The season, garnered 12.12 million viewers average viewers and was ranked 15th overall in total viewers which is eleven\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14987088\",\n \"text\": \"and reaches out to Meredith. Meredith's half sister Maggie moves in, with Amelia labeling the threesome \\\"Lady Chief Trifecta.\\\" She gradually befriends Meredith's colleagues and is accepted into their circle. At the end of season 12, she marries Owen Hunt. However, the marriage is very turbulent at times. They struggle to adjust to married life, especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids, nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child (who Owen doesn't know about). This strains the marriage to the\",\n \"title\": \"Amelia Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811534\",\n \"text\": \"eleven is Dr. Nicole Herman (Geena Davis), who is Chief of Fetal Surgery at Grey Sloan Memorial. Dr. Herman selects Arizona Robbins in a fetal surgery fellowship and becomes her mentor. Herman plays in a twelve-episode arc before departing after episode fourteen. Season 11 begins with new surgical residents coming to the hospital. Maggie Pierce is head of cardio, and she and her half-sister Meredith start to build a relationship, as she also does with her father Dr. Webber. Callie and Arizona's relationship falls through after they realized they want different things. April and Jackson learn that their baby has\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10185559\",\n \"text\": \"surgeons at the centre of Grey’s exasperate more than reward.\\\" As for the storylines, Foley stated that they didn't \\\"ring true\\\" and that \\\"the plot devices became increasingly clunky\\\", noting the lack of realism in arcs such as George and Callie's marriage and the Izzie's affair \\\"as a means of ripping it apart\\\". Florrey also commented on Meredith Grey's arc, by stating that she turned into \\\"one of the most selfish, self-centered characters on television\\\", whereas Mark Sloan's storyline was named \\\"sex-obsessed, borderline misogynistic and close to scandalous\\\". Daniel Fienberg of \\\"Zap2It\\\" said \\\"One of the season's best performances came\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20161227\",\n \"text\": \"meet her friends. However, it is soon revealed that her boyfriend is a married man. Quick to call it off, Jackson sees his opportunity to invest in his love interest with Maggie. In Meredith's search for answers, she learns that Ellis Grey left Marie’s name off the surgical method they created together. If she is to acquire the patent, she must publicly announce a change the method’s name to the Grey-Cerone Method. Meredith denies the ultimatum. While Maggie and Jackson try to get past the quirks of their relationship and the fact that their step-siblings, Jo shockingly asks Alex to\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 14)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15598696\",\n \"text\": \"Mayo Clinic, and Derek has been offered an endowment and an opportunity to continue Alzheimer's research at Harvard, which sways Meredith's decision to accept an elite fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. In the finale, Meredith, Cristina, Derek, Lexie, Arizona, and Mark board a small plane to fly to Boise, Idaho to perform a surgery separating conjoined twins. Alex was meant to be on the plane, but Arizona, furious at his decision to turn down the Seattle Grace pediatrics fellowship in favor of Johns Hopkins, Arizona boots him from the plane and takes his place. En route, the\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14594228\",\n \"text\": \"Tree Hill, leaving Brooke and Jamie's life in danger. The season opened to a 1.1 adults 18–49 rating and 2.14 million viewers. The thirteenth episode of the season, \\\"The Other Half of Me\\\" which saw Brooke get married achieved season highs in all categories with a 1.2 adults 18–49 rating, a 2.4 in women 18–34 and 2.42 million viewers making it the most watched episode since December, 2009. The twentieth episode of the season hit series lows in viewers (1.24m) and in Adults 18–49 (0.6). The season averaged 1.76 million live viewers and a 0.9 rating in adults 18–49. With\",\n \"title\": \"One Tree Hill (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3140139\",\n \"text\": \"I mean love. She couldn't be a more wonderful person, and I feel like the chemistry Arizona and Callie have feels like the Meredith and Derek chemistry to me. I find them delightful to watch.\\\" Initial media reaction to the character was positive. Matt Mitovich of \\\"TV Guide\\\" described her as a \\\"fan favorite\\\", and Chris Monfette for IGN praised the addition of \\\"fresh, new characters\\\", such as Robbins over the course of the season. In March 2018, Capshaw was let go from \\\"Grey’s Anatomy\\\", with the producers citing creative reasons. Capshaw married Christopher Gavigan on May 22, 2004, at\",\n \"title\": \"Jessica Capshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025756\",\n \"text\": \"garnered a 5.3/14 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The episode opens to a voice-over by Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl). She is excited about the wedding of Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), which she prepared and will take place at the end of the day. Stevens, who has been diagnosed with stage IV metastatic cancer in her brain and liver, has just undergone a surgery to remove a tumor. She however has hallucinations of Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), her former deceased fiancé, which she knows means she has another tumor. Meanwhile, Dr. Cristina\",\n \"title\": \"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12510225\",\n \"text\": \"episodes as cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Erica Hahn, Callie's love interest, who eventually resigns and moves away. Patrick Dempsey portrayed neurosurgeon Dr. Derek Shepherd whose relationship with Meredith Grey is the series' main storyline. Although originally introduced as a recurring character in the season premiere, trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt was promoted to a series regular in the fourteenth episode of the season \\\"Beat Your Heart Out\\\". He was portrayed by Kevin McKidd and was conceived as a love interest to resident Cristina Yang. Originally only signed onto the show until December 2008, Kevin McKidd was upgraded to regular status after\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 5)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15025765\",\n \"text\": \"get swept up in the moment, what with Katherine Heigl and Justin Chambers getting all teary and acting the hell out of the thing.\\\" Zap2it's Lisa Todorovich wrote: \\\"Oh, Shonda Rhimes, you minx. You get us all excited for the long-awaited marital union between Derek and Meredith, and you pull a great big bait-and-switch with Alex and Izzie. Congratulations on the very nice looking bridesmaids' dresses.\\\" She described the wedding as \\\"great\\\" and George brilliant for helping Izzie walk down the aisle. She also praised Callie \\\"who handled the ER like a champ\\\". Todorovich's colleague Ghosh Korbi suspected a week\",\n \"title\": \"What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10152205\",\n \"text\": \"out about Derek Wells being Julian Jerome and finding out about Ava's connection with him. \\\"General Hospital\\\" fan response has been overwhelmingly positive of the pairing of Sonny Corinthos and Kate Howard. They are consistently among the Top 10 Couples with the wedding of Sonny and Kate becoming a sweeps event for GH. Fans were disgusted in March 2009, when ABC announced \\\"General Hospital\\\" was dropping Megan Ward to recurring status and Rick Hearst (Ric Lansing) off contract, which resulted in him last airing that June. Following Sullivan's inception of the character, she was given the title of \\\"Performer of\",\n \"title\": \"Kate Howard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022143\",\n \"text\": \"2015 it was announced that Joe Adler was cast for the show, and would appear in the final two episodes of the season. Despite signing on for two more years after the tenth season, Patrick Dempsey decided that the eleventh season would be his last. The announcement was made on April 23, 2015, just a few hours before his final episode, \\\"How to Save a Life,\\\" premiered. Showrunner Shonda Rhimes spoke out about the departure as she said \\\"Derek Shepherd is and will always be an incredibly important character—for Meredith, for me and for the fans. I absolutely never imagined\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022124\",\n \"text\": \"boxset under the title of \\\"Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season – Life Changes\\\" on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season is the first in which Dr. Cristina Yang, portrayed by Sandra Oh, is not included in the main cast of characters following her departure in previous season's finale. The season's main storylines include Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) dealing with \\\"her person's\\\" departure, her problematic love-life with her husband Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), and the arrival of Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), whom Meredith learns is her half-sister. The biggest storyline of Season 11 was the\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14569066\",\n \"text\": \"of her house. Derek leaves Meredith, questioning if he can have a relationship with someone who could act like that at work. Another central story-line in the series is Lexie and Mark. She had decided to give him another chance, but when he tells her Callie is pregnant with his baby, she has had enough. She starts seeing Jackson. The reviews to the season were mostly positive. Robert Bianco \\\"USA Today\\\" gave a largely positive review stating, \\\"Happily, it now seems to have landed on solid ground, with its best ensemble and most engaging stories in years, the union of\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 7)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15021562\",\n \"text\": \"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy) \\\"Elevator Love Letter\\\" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television medical drama, \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" and the show's 97th episode overall. Written by Stacy McKee and directed by Edward Ornelas, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on March 26, 2009. It was viewed by 15.81 million people and garnered a 5.5/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.\\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" centers around a group of young doctors in training. In this episode, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) proposes to the show's title character Meredith Grey\",\n \"title\": \"Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4811510\",\n \"text\": \"hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon, in season six. The surgical program is initially headed by Richard Webber, the Chief of Surgery, who has a pre-existing personal relationship with Meredith, having had an affair with her mother when Meredith was a child. In Webber's employ are attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, dubbed 'McDreamy' by the residents, and attending cardiothoracic surgeon Preston Burke. Shepherd is introduced as Meredith's love interest, while Burke begins a relationship with Yang. Introduced in the show's second season are obstetrician-gynecologist and neonatal surgeon, Addison Montgomery, plastic surgeon Mark Sloan (nicknamed 'McSteamy' by the interns),\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9015663\",\n \"text\": \"BuzzFeed's \\\"16 Hottest Doctors On Television\\\". His relationship with Meredith was included in \\\"TV Guide\\\"'s list of \\\"The Best TV Couples of All Time\\\". Victor Balta of Today listed Shepherd and Sloan's friendship in its \\\"TV's best bromances\\\". He called them \\\"the most exciting couple on \\\"Grey’s,\\\"\\\" explaining \\\"they’ve demonstrated an easy chemistry that makes for some of the great comic relief around Seattle Grace Hospital with their banter, sage wisdom on each other’s lives, and locker room-style teasing.\\\" Their bromance was furthermore included in lists by About.com, BuddyTV, \\\"Cosmopolitan\\\", Wetpaint. However, following the announcement of Dane's upcoming departure from\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Shepherd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9648526\",\n \"text\": \"soon resumes his courtship of Meredith, despite her recent engagement. Bruce, whom she still calls \\\"Tom\\\", sees her desire to be with Larry, and breaks it off with her. Meredith and Larry soon marry on the terrace of Llanfair on June 25, 1970, with Viki as maid of honor and a begrudging Victor giving away the bride. Settling into marriage, Meredith insists they should have a baby to complete their happiness. Larry is against it, worrying that her illness, which is in remission, could return. She soon convinces him, and quickly becomes pregnant with twins. In 1971, after months of\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Lord\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3318602\",\n \"text\": \"vehicle to address issues of gender and race within the community. For example, one episode took on homophobia when the famous poet Walt Whitman came to town. Religion played a somewhat minor role in the series, but was also used to address certain issues and new ideas. In the season-three finale, \\\"For Better or Worse\\\", Michaela and Sully were married during a special two-hour episode. During season four, Seymour's real-life pregnancy was written into the show. The following season saw the birth of Michaela and Sully's daughter, Katie. During its entire original run on CBS, the show aired from 8–9\",\n \"title\": \"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18022130\",\n \"text\": \"that the reason Dr. Herman wanted Arizona to learn from her is that she has an inoperable tumor. The tumor is growing, and the prognosis is not good. In due time, the tumor would kill her. Trying to learn as much as she can in such little time, Callie and Arizona grow apart. They try to save their marriage by going to marriage counseling, but it doesn’t work and they end up calling it quits. Dr. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) has moved in with Derek and Meredith, and is quickly learning the ropes at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. She finds\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 11)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6912310\",\n \"text\": \"large part in her efficiency as office administrator and was crucial to her being promoted to the previously non-existent position. The \\\"will they or won't they\\\" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of \\\"The Office\\\", encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pam Beesly\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9037170\",\n \"text\": \"they are not the priority. She doesn't need McDreamy. Grey's Anatomy doesn't need McDreamy. So even if the writers do decide to create a new love interest for Ms. Grey (Martin Henderson, perhaps?), it wouldn't matter. I have faith that the show's writers will do this storyline justice, because TV needs more strong single women — and Meredith seems like the perfect candidate.\\\" The site added, \\\"This past season was almost a trial run for a McDreamy-less Grey's Anatomy. When Derek left for Washington D.C. to pursue his research, Meredith stayed behind and focused on her own career. She didn't\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Grey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5466867\",\n \"text\": \"3.4 out of 10. In December 2004, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" named \\\"So Jealous\\\" one of the Top 50 records of 2004. On April 10, 2005, \\\"Where Does the Good Go\\\" was played in the fourth episode of season 1 of the ABC drama \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" titled \\\"No Man's Land\\\". It was played again in the season 10 finale \\\"Fear (of the Unknown)\\\" as the final scene between protagonist Meredith Grey and Cristina Yang. Adapted from the \\\"So Jealous\\\" credits. Musicians Design Production So Jealous So Jealous is the fourth studio album by Canadian indie pop duo Tegan and Sara, released on\",\n \"title\": \"So Jealous\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15598690\",\n \"text\": \"as Meredith's. April is named the new Chief resident, and struggles throughout the season to be taken seriously by the other residents, while also developing a much deeper friendship with Jackson until she finally has sex with him in episode 21, \\\"Moment of Truth.\\\" Throughout the season, the fifth year surgical residents (Meredith, Cristina, Alex, April, and Jackson) prepare for their boards. Everyone passes, except for April, who gave her virginity to Jackson the night before the exam. Cristina chooses to terminate her pregnancy (episode 1, \\\"Free Falling\\\"), which Owen does not want because he wants to have children. He\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 8)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17314129\",\n \"text\": \"hospital to Alex, and dances it out with Meredith one last time to an old favorite song. Owen, however, is busy saving a patient in the O.R., so they share a silent goodbye through the gallery's glass without exchanging a word with their eyes and imperceptible nods saying everything that was left unsaid. Meredith starts fighting with Derek when she adamantly states that she's not going to Washington, D.C. because Cristina makes her realize her life is in Seattle and she is just as important in the relationship as Derek is. The new head of cardio, Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12077122\",\n \"text\": \"in the season finale with a proposal that he and Kathleen return to live and explore the world. Kathleen is hesitant to accept, not wanting to leave Grace and Tom behind by themselves. Towards the middle of the season, Amy and Ricky begin to date, and everyone is doubtful that Ricky will be faithful. Adrian and Ben decide to get married and the ceremony occurs near the end of the season. In the two-part season finale, Ben and Adrian are living together in their condo and Adrian begins to sense that something might be wrong with their baby. They decide\",\n \"title\": \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7310952\",\n \"text\": \"nurse Olivia Harper, portrayed by Sarah Utterback, who serves as a love interest for George and Alex, and Derek's estranged wife Addison Montgomery, played by Kate Walsh. The first season's ratings were consistently high, ranking first in its timeslot and leading its closest competition by 7.2 million viewers. It delivered ABC's best audience retention following \\\"Desperate Housewives\\\", was the highest rated show amongst 18- to 49-year-olds in 13 years since \\\"The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles\\\", and produced ABC's strongest series performance in the hour in more than four years. Commenting on the first season's high ratings, Magna Global USA media\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16574186\",\n \"text\": \"soon becomes famous for a viral video. Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) is finally promoted to regional manager. The documentary airs, and a year later, the members of the office gather for Dwight and Angela's marriage as well as a final round of interviews. Following the decline in ratings from the previous year, the ninth season of \\\"The Office\\\" managed to stabilize around 4 million viewers per episode. The series finale, however, was watched by over 5.69 million viewers, making it the highest-rated episode that the show had aired in over a year. The season ranked as the ninety-fourth most watched\",\n \"title\": \"The Office (U.S. season 9)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18689729\",\n \"text\": \"live together for a month, whereafter they choose whether they will continue their relationship. The first season premiered on 18 May 2015 on the Nine Network. A second season began on 4 April 2016 with the third season premiering later in the same year on 29 August 2016. A fourth season premiered on Monday 30 January 2017. The fifth season premiered on Monday 29 January 2018. During the first season, four female contestants were matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, two couples (Michael & Roni, Clare & Lachlan) met and wed.\",\n \"title\": \"Married at First Sight (Australian TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17314118\",\n \"text\": \"The Moments\\\" on September 2, 2014 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season mainly focuses on the relationship between the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and \\\"her person\\\" Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh) as both follow different paths relating their careers straining their relationship. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) having separated from her wife Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) teamed up with the White House to work on a brain mapping project. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) was on a project mapping out the human genome. Yang and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) gradually take their relationship from complicated\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 10)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18761851\",\n \"text\": \"Grey would say: the carousel never stops turning.\\\" During an interview with\\\" TVLine\\\", Shonda Rhimes said that the twelfth season will take \\\"a much lighter tone\\\" in the wake of Derek's death. She continued talking about Meredith's evolvement as she said \\\"Meredith is single, and she is living this life that she’s never thought she’d be living again. She’s living in a house with her sisters. She’s surrounded by women who are dating and having a whole life, and she’s not interested in all that. [Meredith is] starting to wonder is there a second life here or are your best\",\n \"title\": \"Grey's Anatomy (season 12)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9169903\",\n \"text\": \"alcoholism. Michael then pretends to take her out for drinks, but instead takes her to a rehab clinic where he forcibly drags her inside and informs the staff that he's \\\"making a deposit\\\". When he finds out that she cannot be admitted against her will, he is determined to help her \\\"hit rock bottom\\\", as he somewhat proudly mentions he was able to do with Jan. In the episode \\\"The Promotion\\\" it's revealed that Creed and Meredith have had sex. Creed didn't remember this until he makes another pass at her. In the season seven episode \\\"PDA\\\" Dwight reads an\",\n \"title\": \"Meredith Palmer\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what season does meredith and derek get married in grey's anatomy"}}},{"rowIdx":281,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Shape of You"],"string":"[\n \"Shape of You\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19432911","text":"year. On October 15, 2016, \"One Dance\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \"Lean On\". Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" overtook \"One Dance\" as the most streamed song on Spotify on September 21, 2017. \"One Dance\" was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time. In early 2016, UK funky artist Kyla was first contacted by Drake's production team regarding the use of her 2008 song \"Do You Mind (Crazy Cousinz","title":"One Dance"},{"id":"12672623","text":"including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that \"Lean On\" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"12672624","text":"December 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song \"One Dance\" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single \"Look What You Made Me Do\" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single \"Sad!\" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"19980194","text":"Phonographic Industry, \"Despacito\" was the second best-selling digital single of 2017 worldwide, with 24.3 million sales plus track-equivalent streams. \"Despacito\" became the world's most-streamed song of all-time in July 2017, with 4.6 billion streams between the original and remix version, surpassing Justin Bieber's \"Sorry\". It was streamed 7.5 billion times as of April 2018. In February 2018, the remix version became the first Latin and eight overall song to surpass one billion streams on Spotify. In the United Kingdom, it became the longest-reigning foreign language number-one, surpassing The Manhattan Transfer's three weeks achieved in 1977 with their single \"Chanson D'Amour\".","title":"Despacito"},{"id":"18652438","text":"and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, Mexico, New Zealand, Finland, Denmark and Switzerland. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, and has over 1 billion streams globally as of June 2017; however, it was later overtaken by Drake's \"One Dance\" (2016). The accompanying music video for \"Lean On\" was filmed in ND Studios, Karjat (India), Kaul Heritage City, Vasai in Maharashtra (India). The video premiered on March 23, 2015 and has over 2.4 billion","title":"Lean On"},{"id":"5503807","text":"2017’, and a Grammy in 2018, broke chart history staying in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 for 33 weeks, topped the UK No.1 chart for 14 weeks, and was the most-streamed song of all time on Spotify. At the 35th Annual ASCAP Pop Music Awards 2018 in Los Angeles, Steve Mac won Songwriter of the Year and Song of the Year for Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, plus awards for Rockabye by Clean Bandit feat Anne-Marie & Sean Paul; What About Us by Pink and Strip That Down by Liam Payne. Including Clean Bandit’s single Rockabye,","title":"Steve Mac"},{"id":"18652445","text":"spent 12 non-consecutive weeks in the top-10, becoming one of the few songs during 2015 to spend more than 10 weeks in the top 10 (even above several number-one singles). Elsewhere, in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway, \"Lean On\" reached number one. Additionally, the single reached number 3 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was announced to have overtaken \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran as the most streamed song of all time on Spotify, with 526 million streams globally. It currently has over 1 billion streams on the site, making it","title":"Lean On"},{"id":"19930556","text":"was also Australia's highest selling song of 2017 with 630,000 copies sold by the end of the year. The song is the first ever number one single of the Philippine Hot 100 upon the chart's inception on 12 June 2017. It stayed at the peak position for 4 consecutive weeks before it was dethroned by \"Despacito\" by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber. Worldwide, the song reached one billion streams on Spotify in June 2017. It became the most streamed song on Spotify in September 2017, reaching 1,318,420,396 streams overtaking Drake's \"One Dance\". In August 2018, \"Billboard\" published","title":"Shape of You"},{"id":"20609340","text":"and \"The Monster\" featuring Rihanna. \"The Monster\" became Eminem's fifth No.1 single on the Hot 100, tying him with rappers Ludacris and P. Diddy for rappers with the most No.1 singles in the USA. In May 2014, Eminem was announced as the most streamed artist of all time on Spotify. As of November 2010, Eminem has four songs that have sold over three million downloads in the United States. Eminem has sold more than 42 million track downloads in the United States alone. Eminem singles discography American rapper Eminem has released fifty-one singles as a lead artist and five promotional","title":"Eminem singles discography"},{"id":"19980195","text":"It is also the 30th best-selling single in the country with 1,900,599 combined sales (566,425 digital sales and 1,334,174 streaming-equivalent sales) as of September 19, 2017. It also became the song with most weeks at number one in Switzerland and Germany. It is the third and eighth best-performing single of all-time in Switzerland and Sweden, respectively. The success of the song and its remix version led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened-to artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify on July 9, 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. He later became the fifth most listened-to male","title":"Despacito"},{"id":"19930541","text":"Mac. \"Shape of You\" peaked at number-one on the singles charts of 34 countries, including the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (later becoming the best performing song of 2017), as well as the UK, Australian and Canadian singles charts. It has stayed at number one for a record-tying 16 consecutive weeks on the Canadian Hot 100, as well as 14 non-consecutive weeks on the UK Singles Chart, and 12 non-consecutive weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On 21 September 2017 it became the most streamed song on Spotify, with over 1.32 billion streams. It was the best-selling song of 2017 in","title":"Shape of You"},{"id":"18698747","text":"You Again\" was released on March 10, 2015, as the soundtrack's lead single in the United States. \"See You Again\" became both Khalifa's and Puth's biggest single to date. It spent 12 non-consecutive weeks atop the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, tying Eminem's \"Lose Yourself\" for the longest-running rap number-one single in the country, and topped the UK Singles Chart for two consecutive weeks. It also reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. The song held the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United","title":"See You Again"},{"id":"18358759","text":"Feel My Face\". It was later named \"Billboard\"s Song of the Summer. Much of the song's rise to prominence was attributed to its performance on streaming services. On Spotify, the song attracted over 870 million plays (as of August 2018). Outside of national charts, it peaked at number one on the iTunes Store in over 55 markets. \"Cheerleader\" was the most streamed song of 2015 in the UK, racking up 71.7 million streams throughout the year. While Chris Molanphy of \"Slate\" found the song's lyrics \"laughably retrograde\", he praised the chorus as \"universally relatable and cross-culturally memorable.\" Nick Messitte, a","title":"Cheerleader (song)"},{"id":"13456877","text":"Rihanna and then Nicki Minaj, who both turned it down; however Major Lazer later expressed that no one could have done a better job than MØ in the recording. The song reached number 4 on the US Billboard's Hot 100 chart and number 2 in the UK charts. It also became Spotify's most streamed song of all time, receiving universally positive reviews while reaching over 2 billion views on YouTube, making it the twelfth most viewed video on the site. Four promotional singles were released; \"Roll the Bass\" on March 23, 2015, \"Night Riders\", a collaboration with Travi$ Scott, 2","title":"Major Lazer"},{"id":"18698755","text":"7, 2016, \"See You Again\" has sold a total of 4,122,938 copies in the United States. The song fell out of the top ten on the chart dated August 29, 2015, spending a total of 19 weeks in the top ten. The song holds the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United States. It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide during April 6 to April 12 (streamed 21.9 million times), and in the United Kingdom in a single week (streamed 3.72 million times from April 20 to April","title":"See You Again"},{"id":"15218084","text":"\"Grey's Anatomy\" (season 13 episode 8). \"Drag Me Down\" sold 349,000 digital copies in the United States and had 17.7 million streams worldwide in its first week of release. It broke the record on Spotify for most streamed track in one day, earning 4.75 million global streams (it has since been surpassed by Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" and \"Castle on the Hill\" both receiving over 6.18 million global streams). The song also debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the second-highest debut of the year, with 349,000 downloads sold in its first week (making it the group's","title":"Drag Me Down"},{"id":"19453465","text":"Airplay, and the \"Billboard\" Latin Songs chart in the United States, where it spent 41 consecutive weeks at the top and won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. In 2015, \"Lean On\" by American electronic duo Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ peaked at number-one on the chart and was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, with 526 million streams globally. By 2018, Scottish DJ Calvin Harris is the performer with the most number-one singles on the Mexico Airplay chart, with eight chart toppers. Mexico Airplay Mexico Airplay is a record","title":"Mexico Airplay"},{"id":"13879797","text":"Bling\", \"One Dance\", \"Pop Style\", \"Controlla\" and \"Too Good\", all of which peaked within the top 20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. \"One Dance\" became the most successful single of Drake's career, becoming an international hit and peaking at number one in fifteen different countries, including the US, UK and Canada where it became his first number one single. \"One Dance\" has since also become the second most played song on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams. Drake's fifth studio album, \"Scorpion\" was released in June 2018 and again debuted at number one in Canada","title":"Drake discography"},{"id":"12672610","text":"Emoji, Basement, Hiptronix, Six Strings and Cyclone (hip-hop, electronic, pop, guitar-driven and experimental music respectively). The playlists spotlight lesser-known musicians and their songs which are listened to by 100,000 randomly chosen users and are talked about on 10 to 20,000 music blogs. They are updated every Wednesday, and can contain a maximum of up to 50 songs. In August 2016, Spotify launched Release Radar, a personalised playlist that allows users to stay up-to-date on new music released by artists they listen to the most. It also helps users discover new music, by mixing in other artists' music. The playlist is","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"12672587","text":"November 2018, it had 191 million monthly active users, including 87 million paying subscribers. Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the number of artists' streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Spotify has faced criticism from artists and producers including Taylor Swift and Thom Yorke, who argued that it does not fairly compensate musicians. In April 2017, as part of its efforts to renegotiate license","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"20544742","text":"\"God's plan\". \"God's Plan\" was released alongside \"Diplomatic Immunity\" as a part of the \"Scary Hours\" EP and made available for digital download and streaming on January 19, 2018, by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records. The song launched with the largest on-demand streaming count in history, breaking Apple's first-day streaming record upon release with 14 million streams and breaking Spotify's single-day streaming record with 4.3 million plays in twenty four hours. The song was streamed 82.4 million times in its first week. Talking about the song, Noisey said \"this is a good song that I've heard Drake do","title":"God's Plan (song)"},{"id":"18652442","text":"48 on its year-end list to find the 50 best songs of 2015, while \"Billboard\" listed it number one on its Top 10 Dance/Electronic songs of 2015. The latter magazine also ranked \"Lean On\" at number 3 on its year-end critics' poll for 2015: \"The Grammys got it wrong. It's rare that a dance record of this quality reaches this level of ubiquity—after all, this is Spotifys most streamed song of all-time as of Nov. 2015. Despite being independently released, the infectious three-minute single became the poster child for dance crossover, dominating both radio and festival play and hitting No.","title":"Lean On"},{"id":"19491754","text":"being listed at 2 on the \"Billboard\" seasonal ranking. Spotify named it the fifth most-streamed song of the summer globally. , it has sold 2.495 million downloads in the country, thus being the best-selling song of the year according to Nielsen Music. It was also the number three most-heard song on US radio in 2016, with 3.422 billion audience impressions for the year. It was the number two most-played song in terms of total number of plays, with 587,000. \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\" is among the top 20 longest-leading number-one singles on the Adult Contemporary chart. It is also one","title":"Can't Stop the Feeling!"},{"id":"17868893","text":"as number 13 on the France Top 40 chart. Cab returned to music in 2017 with \"All of the Girls\" featuring Pitbull. In 2018, Cab released \"Laurent Perrier\", a song featuring Latin artist Farruko. He performed the song at the official FIFA World Cup viewing event in Berlin, Germany prior to the country's final game in the tournament. As a follow-up, Cab released the single \"Just Wanna Love You\" featuring, J Balvin. At the time of its release (September 2018), Balvin was the #2 ranked artist in the world streaming on Spotify, behind Drake. Cris Cab Cristian Cabrerizo, better known","title":"Cris Cab"},{"id":"12672641","text":"of the iPhone via the watch. Users can also choose which devices to play music on via Bluetooth. In September 2010, the World Economic Forum (WEF) announced the company as a Technology Pioneer for 2011. In August 2017, Spotify was the most downloaded music app on the iOS platform in the United States. Spotify has attracted significant criticism since its 2008 launch. The primary point of criticism centres around what artists, music creators and the media have described as \"unsustainable\" compensation. Unlike physical sales or legal downloads, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"17769360","text":"Pop Songs, Dance Club Songs, Hot Dance/Electric Songs and Adult Top 40 charts. It peaked at 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. In June, \"Time Magazine\" named it one of the \"Best Songs of 2015 So Far\" In September 2015, \"Lean On\" was named Spotify's global song of the summer. In November 2015, the song surpassed 526 million Spotify plays, making it the service's most streamed song ever. The video for \"Lean On\" was released in March 2015. It was shot in India and directed by Tim Erem. \"Amplify\" magazine named \"Lean On\" one of \"The Best Videos of 2015\".","title":"DJ Snake"},{"id":"15023486","text":"By the end of 2013, \"Radioactive\" had already sold over 3 million copies. \"Rolling Stone\" called it \"the biggest rock hit of the year\". It was also the most streamed song of 2013 on Spotify in the United States. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, winning the latter of the two. In 2015, it was certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in excess of 10 million copies in the United States. Third single \"Demons\" reached No. 1 on the","title":"Imagine Dragons"},{"id":"12794654","text":"featuring Justin Bieber. It became the first primarily Spanish-language song to peak at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 since 1996 and topped the chart for 16 weeks, tying with \"One Sweet Day\" by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men as the longest-reigning number-one single in the chart's history. The song also became the longest-reigning number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Songs chart with 52 weeks and the longest-reigning foreign language number one in the United Kingdom with 11 weeks. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in","title":"Daddy Yankee discography"},{"id":"19652433","text":"the year, behind Flo Rida's \"My House\" and Justin Timberlake's \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\". Internationally, the song reached number one in Australia on August 13, 2016, also becoming both The Chainsmokers' and Halsey's first number-one song there. It also peaked at number one in the UK, New Zealand and Canada. The song topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks, becoming the first song by a duo to log multiple weeks at number one in both the US and the UK since LMFAO's \"Party Rock Anthem\" in 2011. \"Closer\" is currently the third most streamed song on Spotify, behind \"One","title":"Closer (The Chainsmokers song)"},{"id":"18132276","text":"but not a list of a \"carefully curated journey to unconsciousness\". In October 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" set the record of most streams of a song on Spotify, having accumulated over 500 million streams. The company created the \"Sheerio Index\", an interactive graphic map which showed where Sheeran was most popular. The color-based map indicated that Sheeran was most popular in Denmark. It was surpassed a month later by \"Lean On\", a song by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ. Emil Nava directed the video accompaniment to the single. Most of it was filmed in the Crystal Ballroom at","title":"Thinking Out Loud"},{"id":"16638534","text":"an independent artist. In November 2016, Nesbitt signed a record deal with indie label Cooking Vinyl and is expecting to release a new studio album shortly. On 2 July 2017 she served as a supporting act for Justin Bieber during British Summer Time (concerts) in Hyde Park, London. Nina released a new single, \"The Moments I'm Missing\" on 14 July 2017. On 8 September 2017 she released another single, \"The Best You Had\" which went on to be her most streamed track on Spotify of all time. with over 33million worldwide streams. It was also made Greg James's 'Tune Of","title":"Nina Nesbitt"},{"id":"12672585","text":"Spotify Spotify Ltd. () is a music streaming platform developed by Swedish company Spotify Technology S.A., headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Launched on 7 October 2008, it is currently (as of 14 November 2018) available in 78 countries and regions throughout the world. It provides DRM-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with advertisements or automatic music videos, while additional features, such as improved streaming quality are offered via paid subscriptions. Spotify is available in most of Europe, most of the Americas, Australia,","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"20315180","text":"YouTube, it attained the most views in its first 24 hours of release, more than any other music video on the site, later surpassed by the K-pop band BTS with \"Idol\" in August 2018. On August 23, 2017, Swift announced that the first single from her upcoming sixth album, titled \"Reputation\", would come out the following night. The song was released to streaming services on August 24, and earned over eight million streams within twenty-four hours of its Spotify release, breaking the record for the highest first-day streaming for a single track. The record was surpassed in 2018 by Drake's","title":"Look What You Made Me Do"},{"id":"19538846","text":"in 2015, \"Fire\" was featured in the Bradley Cooper movie \"Burnt\" and went on to receive airplay on American rock radio in 2016. To date, \"Fire\" has been streamed more than 26 million times on Spotify, while \"Glitter & Gold\" has been streamed more than 25 million times. Courtney played at the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas, in a showcase for \"NME\" magazine in March 2016 and performed \"Fire\" on Conan O'Brien's TBS talkshow \"Conan\" in June. Another track, \"Hobo Rocket\", was included on the soundtrack of the EA Sports video game \"FIFA 17\". In early 2017, the It's","title":"Barns Courtney"},{"id":"18937850","text":"2.03 million set by One Direction's \"Drag Me Down\". In its second week, the song descended to number two, however, it broke the country's all-time streaming record, with 3.87 million streams in seven days, later surpassed by Adele's \"Hello\" (which streamed 7.32 million times in November 2015, almost doubling the record). After three weeks since its release, the song remained as the most streamed track in the country and returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. On October 2, the song was knocked off the top spot by Sam Smith's \"Writing's on the Wall\", but a week","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"id":"11738103","text":"billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs \"Roar\" and \"Dark Horse\". Her fifth album, \"Witness\" (2017), delved into electropop and became her third album to reach number one in the U.S. Its most successful single, \"Chained to the Rhythm\", broke the record for Spotify's most streamed track by a female artist within 24 hours upon its release. Perry has received many awards, including four Guinness World Records, five American Music Awards, a Brit Award, and a Juno Award, and has been included in the annual \"Forbes\" lists of highest-earning women in music from 2011–2018. Her estimated net","title":"Katy Perry"},{"id":"4907166","text":"album on June 1, 2015. On November 11, 2015, \"Lean On\" became Spotify's Most Streamed Song of All Time with over 800 million streams to date. Along with the streaming title, the official video for \"Lean On\" became one of the most viewed videos on YouTube. It currently has more than 2 billion views. Along with the streaming and viewing milestones, \"Lean On\" would also go on to achieve double platinum status. On July 22, 2016, the group released the single \"Cold Water\", a collaboration with Canadian artist Justin Bieber and Danish singer MØ. The track has already reached over","title":"Diplo"},{"id":"20021267","text":"in Spain and Peru, Platinum seller in Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Portugal and Golden seller in Equator. Charly Black also has 336,5 million streams in world and has reached 279th rank of the most artists streamed in the world on Spotify. His hit remix by Daddy Yankee also reached records on streaming websites : it’s the 129th track most streamed in the world in February 2017 (week 02/16/2017). In 2002, DJ Maze also received recompenses with Ragga Connection et Ragga Connection 2 (mixed by DJ Xela) : Platinum seller and Golden Seller in France. He currently has more than 5","title":"Allezgo Productions"},{"id":"16900367","text":"24K Magic World Tour as an opening act for several of its dates, and also partnered with clothing brand Guess as the face for their 2017 Fall campaign. New writing and recording sessions for her album were influenced by the success of her single \"Havana\", which postponed its original release date. Upon its release, the single reached number one in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Hungary and the United States. It also spent seven weeks atop the US Mainstream Top 40 airplay chart. The song became Spotify's most-streamed song ever by a solo female artist in June 2018,","title":"Camila Cabello"},{"id":"13011692","text":"later revealed to be Spotify's most streamed artist for the second consecutive year in 2016, amassing a total 4.7 billion streams for all projects on the service, which is more than double the amount of streams he had in 2015. Drake later secured his second and third Grammy Awards, winning for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song at the 59th ceremony. Despite multiple setbacks, Drake announced \"More Life\" would be released on March 18, 2017, via a series of multiple video commercials released through Instagram. Upon release, \"More Life\" received mostly positive reviews, and debuted atop the \"Billboard\" 200,","title":"Drake (musician)"},{"id":"2333863","text":"album in 2019 with its first single \"Hello My Love\" to be released on 11 January 2019. The band sold over 40 million studio albums and 55 million records overall worldwide. They have had 33 number-one albums worldwide. The band has received over a billion views on YouTube counting only the ones uploaded from their official site alone, were streamed more than 300 million times, and more than 550 million in Spotify as of 2018. They generated hit singles including \"Swear It Again\", \"If I Let You Go\", \"Flying Without Wings\", \"I Have a Dream\", \"Seasons in the Sun\", \"Fool","title":"Westlife"},{"id":"18132259","text":"Africa, and peaked at number 2 on both the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100. It was Sheeran's highest-charting single in North America until \"Shape of You\" topped the charts in both countries in 2017. In June 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" became the first single to spend a full year in the UK top 40. In September 2015, it also became the seventh single to have achieved triple platinum certification in the UK during the 21st century. In October 2015, the song became the first to be streamed over 500 million times on Spotify, is also one","title":"Thinking Out Loud"},{"id":"15601807","text":"of them stuck behind Maroon 5's \"Moves Like Jagger\" and Adele's \"Someone like You\" occupying the two spots above. It has been certified 5× platinum in Canada and Australia, 4× platinum in the United States, and gold in Germany. The song ranked as the sixth-best-selling digital song of 2011 in the United States with 3.84 million copies sold, while it ranked as music streaming service Spotify's most streamed song of the year. The song has sold 5,173,000 copies in the United States as of August 2013. The music video, directed by Josef Geiger, features the band playing a show. There","title":"Pumped Up Kicks"},{"id":"12672626","text":"paying) in December 2014, 75 million users (20 million paying) in June 2015, 30 million paying subscribers in March 2016, 40 million subscribers in September 2016, and 100 million total users in June 2016. As of November 2018, Spotify has 191 million active users, including over 87 million paying subscribers. According to \"TechCrunch\", Spotify was planning to launch on the stock market in 2017, but is instead planning on doing the IPO in 2018 in order to \"build up a better balance sheet and work on shifting its business model to improve its margins\". The value of its IPO is","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"4200266","text":"site to reach the milestone behind Adele's \"Hello\", and becoming the most watched video in YouTube's history. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. Daddy Yankee has received various awards and nominations throughout his career. As of 2017, he has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 2 Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, 8 Lo Nuestro Awards,","title":"Daddy Yankee"},{"id":"6195712","text":"Hot Country Songs Hot Country Songs is a chart published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine in the United States. This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by collecting airplay data from Nielsen BDS along with digital sales and streaming. The current number-one song, as of the chart dated December 22, 2018, is \"Speechless\" by Dan + Shay. \"Billboard\" began compiling the popularity of country songs with its January 8, 1944 issue. Only the genre's most popular jukebox selections were tabulated, with the chart titled \"Most Played Juke Box Folk Records\". For approximately ten years, from 1948","title":"Hot Country Songs"},{"id":"16734342","text":"Rock Songs chart at 23 weeks before being surpassed by Walk the Moon's \"Shut Up and Dance\". \"Radioactive\" currently holds the record for the longest reign atop the \"Billboard\" Rock Airplay chart, with 24 weeks. The song is also the best-selling rock song in US digital history. It was the No. 2 Song of the Summer according to \"Billboard\" and spent 87 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, breaking the all-time chart longevity record, previously held by Jason Mraz's 2008 single \"I'm Yours\". It has sold more copies in a calendar year than any other song by a rock act","title":"Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song)"},{"id":"20259134","text":"decision to relocate to Nashville, The uncertainty William's felt during his relocation to Nashville became the inspiration for his next single, \"Frustrated.\" Once released, Spotify, who had featured R.LUM.R on their New Music Tuesday and Alternative R&B playlists previously, decided to support the new single by placing it on many of their most popular national playlists. Frustrated quickly became a hit garnering nearly 20 million streams on Spotify alone since first released in late 2016. In early 2017 Frustrated Hit #1 on SiriusXM The Heat's (Ch.46) Top 35 Songs out beating artists like Chris Brown, Bruno Mars and Drake. In","title":"R.LUM.R"},{"id":"19924802","text":"tracks of the album achieved a total of 56.73 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 29 million for \"Starboy\" by The Weeknd in November 2016. In total, all tracks by Sheeran were streamed 68.7 million times that day, with the single \"Shape of You\" receiving 10.12 million streams, both also breaking previous records on Spotify. Both records were broken by Drake's \"More Life\" 16 days later. By its second day of release, the videos of songs from the album had achieved a cumulative one billion views on YouTube, including figures from \"Shape of","title":"÷ (album)"},{"id":"20315191","text":"position and Swift's fifth number-one single in the United States. It ended the 16-week reign of \"Despacito\". It also topped the nation's Streaming Songs chart with 84.4 million streams, becoming its most streamed song within a week by a female artist and second overall behind the 103 million that Baauer's \"Harlem Shake\" gained in 2013. The track also had more weekly streams in the US than any other song in 2017. The song stayed atop the charts for three consecutive weeks, tying with American rapper Cardi B's \"Bodak Yellow\" as the longest running female at the number one spot on","title":"Look What You Made Me Do"},{"id":"19321496","text":"and a position higher upon a re-release in April 2011. It also remained in the top 10 for 11 weeks. The Jonas Blue version also reached number one in Germany, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand, as well as reaching the number one spot on the US viral chart on Spotify. The single has been certified Platinum in Italy and the UK, 2× Platinum in New Zealand and 3× Platinum in Australia. To date, the track has been streamed almost 674 million times on Spotify, and has achieved over 310 million views on Vevo. On 3 June 2016, he released a","title":"Jonas Blue"},{"id":"15251355","text":"on 10 November. On 4 December, Sheeran was named Spotify's most streamed artist of 2017 with 6.3 billion streams. He has Spotify's biggest album of the year with \"÷\" streamed 3.1 billion times, and the top song with \"Shape of You\" with 1.4 billion streams. On 5 December 2017, hip-hop artist Eminem announced that Sheeran had collaborated on the song \"River\" for his ninth studio album \"Revival\". On working with Eminem, Sheeran stated, \"He is one of the reasons I started writing songs, and was such a pleasure to work with him.\" Speaking on \"The Late Late Show\" on Irish","title":"Ed Sheeran"},{"id":"19980187","text":"a \"Billboard\" recurrent rule that removes titles that rank below number 25 after that amount of weeks. It also became the longest-reigning number-one on the US Digital Songs and Streaming Songs charts with 17 and 16 weeks, respectively. \"Despacito\" was the best-selling and most-streamed single of 2017 in the United States, with 2,692,000 downloads sold and 1,322,799,000 video and audio streams, adding up a combined total of 6,663,000 sales plus track-equivalent audio streams. It was also the sixth most-played song of 2017, with 608,000 spins across US radio stations and an audience of 3,076,935,000. It was the second best-performing song","title":"Despacito"},{"id":"20678231","text":"you listen and never forget? Only gon' say this one time, then I'll dip, niggas ain't worthy to be on my shit.\" Upon its first week of release, \"KOD\" debuted at number 10 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song broke Spotify opening day record in the US, it was streamed 4.2 million times, Taylor Swift previously held the record for \"Look What You Made Me Do\" (2017). In December 2018, Billboard ranked \"KOD\" as the 64th best song of the year. KOD (song) \"KOD\" is a single by American rapper J. Cole, released on April 20, 2018 from","title":"KOD (song)"},{"id":"20612714","text":"number 26, becoming XXXTentacion's first top thirty in the country. \"SAD!\" reached the top 10 in Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand. It also reached the top 20 in Ireland, and the top 40 in Norway. \"SAD!\" amassed 10.4 million streams on Spotify on June 19, 2018, the day after his death, breaking the single-day record for streams on the platform. Following XXXTentacion's death, \"SAD!\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on the week beginning June 25, 2018, jumping from number 52. He became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist","title":"Sad!"},{"id":"17288385","text":"music app Spotify in its first week of release over pop songs from Mariah Carey, Daft Punk, Fergie, and others. The list represents the most viral tracks on Spotify based on the number of people who shared it divided by the number who listened to it from Monday, May 13, to Sunday, May 19, via Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter and Spotify. In April 2014, the song won a \"Revolver\" Golden Gods Award for \"Song of the Year.\" According to Moody, the composition was about overcoming routine roadblocks and less-than-ideal circumstances in life. He then goes on to say that while most","title":"Lift Me Up (Five Finger Death Punch song)"},{"id":"2495727","text":"100. This was expanded to a broader Streaming Songs chart in January 2013, which ranks web radio streams from services such as Spotify, as well as on-demand audio titles. In February 2013, U.S. views for a song on YouTube were added to the Hot 100 formula. \"Harlem Shake\" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made. The Hot 100 formula starting 2013 generally incorporates sales (35–45%), airplay (30–40%) and streaming (20–30%), and the precise percentage can change from week to week. A growing trend in the early first decade of the 21st century was to","title":"Billboard Hot 100"},{"id":"20315179","text":"The song broke a string of records, including the record for the most plays in a single day on Spotify. Commercially, \"Look What You Made Me Do\" has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It has also received Platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, Italy, Sweden and the United States. It also received Diamond certification in Brazil. The song received a mixed response from music critics. Its music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and upon its release on","title":"Look What You Made Me Do"},{"id":"20157728","text":"Usher, Tyrese, Pusha T, and Wyclef Jean along with labelmates Alicia Keys and Bryson Tiller helped get the word out through Twitter co-signs, shoutouts, and re-posts. In April 2017 Rihanna posted an Instagram clip with H.E.R.'s track \"Focus\" playing in the background. The clip has been viewed over five million times. Additional public support came from Issa Rae of HBO's \"Insecure\", Taraji P. Henson of \"Empire\", Kylie Jenner and Kendall Jenner. The tracks on \"H.E.R. Vol. 1\" have collectively been streamed over 20 million times on Spotify and over 65 million times across all streaming music providers worldwide. NPR listed","title":"H.E.R."},{"id":"13011733","text":"platinum in the US for combined sales plus streaming units , with \"Over\", \"Too Good\", \"Passionfruit\", \"Nice for What\", \"Marvin's Room\", \"Find Your Love\", and \"Energy\". He has also had three exceed 4 million in equivalent units, with \"Take Care\", \"Headlines\", and \"Best I Ever Had\". Three have reached quintuple platinum, with \"Jumpman\", \"Started from the Bottom\", and \"The Motto\". \"Hold On, We're Going Home\" marked his first single to accumulate over six million units, while \"Forever\" became his second in 2018. Two of his singles have reached septuple platinum, which \"Hotline Bling\" and \"One Dance\", while his highest-certified single","title":"Drake (musician)"},{"id":"7157380","text":"electro track). Other notable replays have included: \"People Hold On\", \"Blue Monday\", \"Love to Love You Baby\", \"Love Sensation\", and \"One More Time\". In 2009, Summers replayed \"Street Player\" (originally by Chicago) for the U.S. \"Billboard\" #2 hit \"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)\" by Pitbull. The Scorccio replay of \"Street Player\" has since become the most successful usage of any sample replay in history, due to the number of sales and media plays of the Pitbull song worldwide. With over 400 million hits to date on YouTube, the song is now ranked as the third most viewed electronic","title":"Mark Summers"},{"id":"20959097","text":"best song of the year. On November 5, 2018, \"Thank U, Next\" broke the record for the most streams received by a song in a single day by a female artist on Spotify, with 8.19 million streams globally, and continued to break this record daily until November 9, when it received 9.6 million streams. The song surpassed 100 million streams in Spotify eleven days after its release on November 14, 2018, becoming the fastest song to do so. \"Thank U, Next\" became the 32nd song to debut at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart issue dated November","title":"Thank U, Next (song)"},{"id":"9204298","text":"True\", which has sold 240,000 copies to date. The band was viewed with total of over a billion views in YouTube counting only the ones uploaded from their official site alone, were streamed more than 300 million times, and more than 550 million times in Spotify. In 2012, the Official Charts Company listed Westlife 34th amongst the biggest-selling singles artists in British music history. They are currently the sixteenth overall biggest group of all time. As of April 2018, the group has sold more than 55 million records worldwide. They accumulated a total of 26 top ten hits including 14","title":"Westlife discography"},{"id":"5871945","text":"Boyz\" by Missy Elliott featuring Nas, Eve and Q-Tip, and \"Fancy\" by Iggy Azalea and Charli XCX, singles that were number one for 18 weeks from December 1999 to March 2000 and May 2014 to August 2014. Note: Above chart only considers songs that charted in 2004 or later Source: Hot Rap Songs Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles, and also known as Rap Airplay) is a chart released weekly by \"Billboard\" in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio","title":"Hot Rap Songs"},{"id":"20135401","text":"The Pink Panther Theme at a charity event for the opioid epidemic hosted by Hamilton College on April 8, 2018. Under Crowd Records Solomon released his debut single \"Don't Stop\" with an extended version on Spotify in June 2018. The song debuted at No. 39 on Billboard's electronic dance music charts. \"Don't Stop\" was listed in Spotify's 263,361-follower playlist \"Happy Summer Beats\". His Spotify profile has 550,000 monthly listeners with his debut single garnering 1.2 million listens. Shortly after his debut release Solomon opened a Soundcloud account where he posts extended musical sets and concert performances. Solomon married Mary Elizabeth","title":"David M. Solomon"},{"id":"16809949","text":"played on the Top 40. As of December 16, 2012, the song became the first track to be streamed more than a million times in a one-week period on Spotify. In the same week it also became the most-streamed in Spotify's history at the time. In Canada, the song peaked at number one on Canadian Hot 100 for the issue dated December 22, 2012, becoming Mars' third single to reach number one on the chart. It remained atop of it for three consecutive weeks. It also peaked at number one on Canada AC. \"Locked Out of Heaven\" made its first","title":"Locked Out of Heaven"},{"id":"17847228","text":"first number-one on that chart. It held the spot for seven consecutive weeks. It also topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand and had general chart success around the world. It reached the top ten in several countries such as Azalea's native country Australia and the United Kingdom. It is XCX's second top-ten single, after her guest spot on Icona Pop's \"I Love It\" in 2013. \"Fancy\" was named \"Billboard\"s Song of the Summer for 2014, as well as the most-streamed song on Spotify and most-watched music video on Vevo in 2014. It won the Top Rap Song category","title":"Fancy (Iggy Azalea song)"},{"id":"20343305","text":"video has received over 430 million views on YouTube. The song reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one song. It debuted at number two behind Cardi B's \"Bodak Yellow\", breaking the single week streaming record on Apple Music with over 25 million streams becoming Post Malone's third top 20 hit, following his debut single, \"White Iverson\" and his top 10 hit \"Congratulations\". It stayed behind \"Bodak Yellow\" for three consecutive weeks before reaching the top spot in its fourth week. As of October 2017, the single has sold 165,458 copies","title":"Rockstar (Post Malone song)"},{"id":"20036913","text":"In Portugal, \"Amar pelos dois\" reached number 1 on the singles chart after winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. On the Portuguese download chart, the song debuted at number 4, after winning the national final Festival da Canção. In the following week, it climbed to number 3, and topped the chart eventually. It was certified gold by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP), selling over 7,500 units. In Portugal, \"Amar pelos dois\" broke the record held by Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" for the most streams ever in a single day on Spotify, with 75,373 daily streams, and became the only","title":"Amar pelos dois"},{"id":"20090376","text":"\"XO Tour Llif3\" entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 top 10 for the chart issued April 4, 2017 at number 49 and peaked at number 7 in May 2017. Spotify recognized the song as one of the most streamed tracks of the summer of 2017 in the US. By September 2017, the song had generated 1.3 billion streams across all streaming platforms, generating $4.5 million with Lil Uzi Vert only earning $900,000. Lil Uzi Vert made an estimated $0.00069231 per play. On March 13, 2017, an animated music video for \"XO Tour Llif3\" was released on Lil Uzi Vert's YouTube channel.","title":"XO Tour Llif3"},{"id":"5764780","text":"peaked atop the chart and stayed at that position for twelve consecutive weeks. \"Yeah!\" became Usher's fourth number-one single, Lil Jon's first and Ludacris' second. The single remained on the Hot 100 for forty-five weeks. \"Yeah!\" became the most played song in the United States in 2004, with Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems reporting the song getting a total of 496,805 plays. The commercial success of \"Yeah!\" and follow-up single \"Burn\" helped sustain \"Confessions\" atop the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 11, 2006 for shipping one million","title":"Yeah! (Usher song)"},{"id":"16321185","text":"DeGeneres Show,\" The Late Late Show with James Corden, and Good Morning America. By the end of March 2016, \"7 Years\" had achieved around 225 million total listens on Spotify worldwide with 17.2 million listeners per month, making the band the 20th most popular artist on the service. On 1 April 2016, the self-titled global debut was officially released in the United States by Warner Bros. Records. The US release of the album received new artwork, a reworked track listing, and a wider global audience in countries including, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The album reached No.","title":"Lukas Graham"},{"id":"19980210","text":"with the music video for his song \"Sorry\" to become the fastest video on the site to reach the milestone. The video became the first on YouTube to receive three billion, four billion, and five billion views on August 4, 2017; October 11, 2017; and April 5, 2018, respectively \"(dates are based on UTC)\". It has received over 5.8 billion views as of December 18, 2018 and has been the most viewed video on the site since August 4, 2017, when it surpassed the music video for \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth. It is also the","title":"Despacito"},{"id":"15329811","text":"- reaching it in 68 weeks, just behind Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\" which achieved it in 67 weeks - and the third-biggest selling digital single since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital sales in 2003. It has sold 8.1 million copies in the US as of October 2016 and over one million copies in the UK. It is the US's third all-time best-selling digital single. The song spent eleven weeks at number one in New Zealand and ten weeks in Australia. In New Zealand, it is the longest-running number one single since Smashproof's hit single \"Brother\" in 2009, with over","title":"Party Rock Anthem"},{"id":"5393582","text":"named the Digital Songs Artist of the 2000s century, the top Hot 100 artist of the 2000s century, as well as the all-time top Pop Songs artist by \"Billboard\". Additionally, she is Spotify and Apple Musics most streamed female artist of all time. Among numerous awards and accolades, Rihanna has won nine Grammy Awards, thirteen American Music Awards and twelve \"Billboard\" Music Awards. She currently holds six Guinness World Records. Furthermore, she was awarded with the inaugural American Music Award for Icon in 2013 and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award in 2016. Rihanna received the Fashion Icon lifetime achievement","title":"Rihanna"},{"id":"13812489","text":"TradeDoubler which had acquired Ek's previous company Advertigo. In October 2008, the company launched its legal music streaming service Spotify. Initially, Spotify ran on a peer-to-peer distribution model, similar to uTorrent, but switched to a server-client model in 2014. Ek serves as CEO of Spotify. In October 2015, Spotify Co-Founder Martin Lorentzon announced he would be stepping down as Chairman and Ek would be taking over alongside his current role as CEO. As of June 2017, Spotify has 140 million active users and has raised over $2.5 billion in venture funding. In 2017, Daniel Ek was named as the most","title":"Daniel Ek"},{"id":"5840946","text":"thirteen. It also reached number 55 in the UK Singles Chart. The song is highly popular on the radio; according to the performing-rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), it became the most-played song of all time on American radio in 1997 with over 7 million airplays (all versions), overtaking the Beatles' \"Yesterday\". At the end of 1999, the song was ranked by the BMI as the most-played song of the 20th century, having been broadcast more than 8 million times on American radio and television, and it remains the most-played song, having accumulated almost 15 million airplays in the US","title":"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"},{"id":"17139241","text":"with YouTube\". The first number-one song on the chart was \"Thrift Shop\" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz on January 19, 2013. Source: Source: Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in","title":"Streaming Songs"},{"id":"17119925","text":"Country Airplay Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine in the United States since January 20, 1990. This chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings. The first number-one song was \"Nobody's Home\" by Clint Black. The current number-one song, as of the chart dated December 22, 2018, is \"Speechless\" by Dan + Shay. Throughout its history of ranking country songs by popularity, \"Billboard\" has had several different airplay-only charts to measure the top-played songs on radio stations.","title":"Country Airplay"},{"id":"9685894","text":"UK number-one single. It also became Harris's highest-charting solo single on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number seven. \"Summer\" was Spotify's most-streamed track of 2014 with over 200 million streams. Harris also produced the single \"I Will Never Let You Down\" for British singer, Rita Ora. On 18 May 2014, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, two weeks after his song, \"Summer\", debuted at the top of the charts. In April 2014, Harris performed on the main stage of Coachella Festival. His set attracted the second largest crowd in the festival's history, topped","title":"Calvin Harris"},{"id":"19798177","text":"Love\" which served as the first promotional single for the album. The single rose in popularity after being used in an Extra gum commercial that became a viral sensation online. The single has since peaked at number 16 on the US AC chart, selling approximately 200,000 units as of May 2016, and having been streamed more than 32,000,000 times on Spotify, making it her most streamed single through the streaming service. The single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on February 17, 2017. Reinhart's third studio album, \"What's That Sound?\", was released September 22, 2017 through","title":"Haley Reinhart discography"},{"id":"19800090","text":"in-built, so judicious use of the skip function is required, but this is high-quality filler.\" Worldwide, on the day of its release, \"More Life\" broke streaming records on both Spotify and Apple Music. The tracks of the album achieved a total of 61.3 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 56.7 million for \"÷\" by Ed Sheeran, in early March 2017. On Apple Music, the tracks of the album achieved a total of 89.9 million streams on the day of release (not including the number of listeners during the \"OVO Sound Radio\" debut of","title":"More Life"},{"id":"19942722","text":"\"÷\", following \"Shape of You\" and \"Castle on the Hill\". The next week, \"Perfect\" hit top five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the second-highest-charting hit from his album \"÷\", following \"Shape of You\". \"Perfect\" became Sheeran's third top five hit overall; his first, \"Thinking Out Loud\", rose to number two in 2015. \"Perfect\" remained at number three on Digital Song Sales (60,000, down 6 percent) and powered 10–6 on Radio Songs (80 million, up 10 percent) and 38–15 on Streaming Songs (18.9 million, up 61 percent). On 4 December 2017, \"Perfect\" pushed to a new number three \"Billboard\" Hot","title":"Perfect (Ed Sheeran song)"},{"id":"15780786","text":"and started to be his best friend because he helped Jose to write the new song, along with the single \"Ay Vamos\", bolstered sales of his album \"La Familia\" (2014). In 2016, he released \"Energia\", which included the hit singles \"Ginza\", \"Bobo\", \"Safari\", and \"Sigo Extranandote\". In June 2017, J Balvin released the single \"Mi Gente\" with Willy William. On 1 August 2017, \"Mi Gente\" topped the Global Top 50 on Spotify, and later reached one billion views on YouTube. In January 2018, he released the hit single \"Machika\" featuring Jeon and Anitta. He collaborated with Cardi B and Bad","title":"J Balvin"},{"id":"18391331","text":"year. Later the same month, the song was voted into Triple J's Hottest 100 at number 6. Ronson won two Grammy Awards in February 2016, including Record of the Year for \"Uptown Funk.\" The song is reported to earn $100,000 for the label and composers per week for streaming on Spotify alone and has more than three billion completed views on YouTube. The song had sold over twenty million equivalent units as of 2015. On 29 November 2014, \"Uptown Funk\" debuted at number 63 on the Canadian Hot 100. On the issue dated 10 January 2015, the song reached number","title":"Uptown Funk"},{"id":"19930542","text":"the UK. \"Shape of You\" was the best selling-song of 2017 and the best selling digital song worldwide, with combined sales and track-equivalent streams of 26.6 million units according to IFPI. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. Currently, \"Billboard\" has ranked \"Shape of You\" as the ninth most successful song of all-time, as the magazine celebrated the Hot 100's 60th anniversary. The song was the last song written for Sheeran's third album \"÷\". On 6 January 2017, when hosting \"The Radio 1 Breakfast Show\", Sheeran revealed that \"Shape of","title":"Shape of You"},{"id":"12672586","text":"New Zealand and parts of Africa and Asia. It is available for most modern devices, including Windows, macOS, and Linux computers, iOS, Windows Phone and Android smartphones and tablets, as well as TVs via factory-installed means, Roku Players, Amazon Fire TV devices, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One home consoles. Music can be browsed through or searched for by parameters such as artist, album, genre, playlist, or record label. Users can create, edit, and share playlists and tracks on social media, and make playlists with other users. Spotify provides access to more than 40 million songs. As of","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"17750571","text":"ten, marking Clean Bandit's and Glynne's first US top 10. The song was a remarkable success worldwide, topping the charts in 13 different countries. Upon its release \"Rather Be\" held the record for the most streams in a single week on Spotify in the United Kingdom. The track received 1.09 million plays over seven days in February 2014, surpassing the record previously held by Daft Punk's \"Get Lucky\", although this record has now been surpassed. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. It became the fasting-selling single of 2014, selling 163,000 copies in its first week.","title":"Rather Be"},{"id":"16196473","text":"performance of \"Set Fire to the Rain\" by Adele, respectively. On December 11, 2012, \"Call Me Maybe\" was named \"Song of the Year\" for 2012 by MTV. In its 2012 Year-End issue, \"Billboard\" magazine ranked this song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts, in each case behind \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", by Gotye featuring Kimbra. The song was also ranked number one by the Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop poll, which compiles the votes of music critics from all over the United States. The song was the best-selling single worldwide","title":"Call Me Maybe"},{"id":"13241678","text":"by Vevo because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. Both the YouTube and Vevo records were eventually eclipsed by Taylor Swift's \"Look What You Made Me Do\" on August 27, 2017, which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours. On November 30, 2018, Ariana Grande's \"Thank U, Next\" beat Swift's record, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours, as well as beating BTS' \"Idol\" YouTube record of 45 million views. Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber, and Miley Cyrus have all broken the record twice. List of videos which held the record for most","title":"Vevo"},{"id":"844074","text":"mixed reviews. The album topped the charts in the UK, the US and most major markets. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album, and \"A Sky Full of Stars\" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. In December 2014, Spotify named Coldplay the most-streamed band in the world for 2014, and third most-streamed artist behind Ed Sheeran and Eminem. On 4 December 2014, Chris Martin announced in an interview with Zane Lowe on BBC Radio 1 that Coldplay are in the middle of working on their seventh studio album, \"A Head Full of Dreams\". Martin stated","title":"Coldplay"},{"id":"18407434","text":"sales of his second album \"Born Sinner\" (2013), by 74,000 copies (297,000 copies). In addition to the album's sales toppling early projections by over 100,000 copies, \"2014 Forest Hills Drive\" also broke One Direction's record for most album streams on Spotify, being streamed over 15.7 million times in its first week, compared to One Direction's 11.5 million streams. Drake later broke this record with 17.3 million streams for his mixtape \"If You're Reading This It's Too Late\". In its second week, the album sold 135,000 more copies. Cole became one of only six rappers to reach number one with their","title":"2014 Forest Hills Drive"},{"id":"7400471","text":"100 Greatest Artists of All Time lists. In 2010, MTV Portugal ranked Eminem the seventh-biggest icon in pop-music history. He was the bestselling artist from 2000 to 2009 in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan, and has sold 47.4 million albums in the country. With global sales of 220 million records, he is one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Eminem has over ten billion views of his music videos on his YouTube Vevo page. In 2010, Eminem's music generated 94 million streams (more than any other musical artist), and in May 2014 Spotify called him the most-streamed","title":"Eminem"},{"id":"1453552","text":"4 weeks (as of 24 May) and the Spotify music streaming website reported that the song is the most-streamed new song in the service's history. At the \"2013 MTV Video Music Awards\", Daft Punk debuted a trailer for their single \"Lose Yourself to Dance,\" and presented the award for \"Best Female Video\" alongside Rodgers and Pharrell. For the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, \"Random Access Memories\" was awarded the Grammy for Best Dance/Electronica Album, Album of the Year and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, while \"Get Lucky\" received the Grammy for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and the Record of the Year. Daft","title":"Daft Punk"},{"id":"13011687","text":"up with various promotional videos. On October 15, \"One Dance\" became Spotify's most-streamed song ever, amassing over 882 million plays . \"Views\" was previewed in London, before its premiere on Beats 1 a day later. It was released as an Apple Music and iTunes exclusive on April 29, before being made available to various other platforms later that week. \"Views\" would become Drake's most commercially successful album, sitting atop the \"Billboard\" 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks, as well as simultaneously leading the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the \"Billboard\" 200 for eight weeks. It also achieved double-platinum status in the US,","title":"Drake (musician)"},{"id":"20768773","text":"Memorial Park, in Boca Raton, Florida. On June 19, the day after Onfroy’s death, \"Billboard\" reported that Taylor Swift's Spotify single-day streaming record for \"Look What You Made Me Do\" was broken by Onfroy's track \"Sad!\", with over 10.4 million streams compared to Swift's 10.1 million streams. This was followed by a 16-fold sales increase across all streaming and download platforms, including a 7000-fold sales increase in CDs on Amazon.com. Onfroy's album \"?\" was expected to return to the top five the week of his death following his murder, ultimately reaching number three with 90,000 album-equivalent units sold, up from","title":"Murder of XXXTentacion"},{"id":"17960231","text":"Harmony's duet with Pitbull, was released as the third single from the Spotify 11-track re-release of the album, and charted in some Spanish-speaking countries. The group also released \"Can You See\", a song from the soundtrack to \"The Star\", and later released a Spotify-exclusive EP, \"Spotify Singles\", which included exclusive live performances of \"He Like That\" and \"Can You See\", as well as a cover of Calvin Harris' \"Feels\". Their 2016 hit, \"Work from Home\" featuring Ty Dolla $ign remains the most viewed girl group music video on YouTube and 30th overall with more than 1.9 billion views. \"That's My","title":"Fifth Harmony discography"},{"id":"12672647","text":"claims, for instance, that the Sandy Hook Massacre where 20 children were killed in 2012 was a government hoax. It has, however, decided to remove some of his media content. Spotify Spotify Ltd. () is a music streaming platform developed by Swedish company Spotify Technology S.A., headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Launched on 7 October 2008, it is currently (as of 14 November 2018) available in 78 countries and regions throughout the world. It provides DRM-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with","title":"Spotify"},{"id":"522227","text":"Shaped Rock and Roll. In 2004 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. , \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum's \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\". On 30 September 2007 for BBC Radio 1's 40th birthday, it was revealed on \"The Radio 1 Chart Show\" that \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" had been the most played song since Radio 1's launch. In December 2018, \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" officially became the most-streamed song from the 20th century, surpassing Nirvana's “Smells Like Teen Spirit” and Guns N' Roses' “Sweet Child","title":"Bohemian Rhapsody"},{"id":"17477830","text":"also set airplay records in both of the charts, by becoming the most weekly-played song in history, with 16,065 and 5,309 plays per week, respectively. The song has also reached the top spot on both the Adult contemporary chart and Hot Dance Club Songs. In addition to this, the track also reached number one on both the On Demand and Streaming charts, with a weekly peak of 2.1 million and 12 million, respectively. \"Roar\" surpassed digital sales of four million in its seventeenth week, faster than any other song in digital history. Its sales reached 4.41 million by the end","title":"Roar (song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19432911\",\n \"text\": \"year. On October 15, 2016, \\\"One Dance\\\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \\\"Lean On\\\". Ed Sheeran's \\\"Shape of You\\\" overtook \\\"One Dance\\\" as the most streamed song on Spotify on September 21, 2017. \\\"One Dance\\\" was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time. In early 2016, UK funky artist Kyla was first contacted by Drake's production team regarding the use of her 2008 song \\\"Do You Mind (Crazy Cousinz\",\n \"title\": \"One Dance\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672623\",\n \"text\": \"including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, \\\"Thinking Out Loud\\\" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that \\\"Lean On\\\" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672624\",\n \"text\": \"December 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song \\\"One Dance\\\" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single \\\"Sad!\\\" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19980194\",\n \"text\": \"Phonographic Industry, \\\"Despacito\\\" was the second best-selling digital single of 2017 worldwide, with 24.3 million sales plus track-equivalent streams. \\\"Despacito\\\" became the world's most-streamed song of all-time in July 2017, with 4.6 billion streams between the original and remix version, surpassing Justin Bieber's \\\"Sorry\\\". It was streamed 7.5 billion times as of April 2018. In February 2018, the remix version became the first Latin and eight overall song to surpass one billion streams on Spotify. In the United Kingdom, it became the longest-reigning foreign language number-one, surpassing The Manhattan Transfer's three weeks achieved in 1977 with their single \\\"Chanson D'Amour\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Despacito\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18652438\",\n \"text\": \"and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, Mexico, New Zealand, Finland, Denmark and Switzerland. In November 2015, \\\"Lean On\\\" was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, and has over 1 billion streams globally as of June 2017; however, it was later overtaken by Drake's \\\"One Dance\\\" (2016). The accompanying music video for \\\"Lean On\\\" was filmed in ND Studios, Karjat (India), Kaul Heritage City, Vasai in Maharashtra (India). The video premiered on March 23, 2015 and has over 2.4 billion\",\n \"title\": \"Lean On\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5503807\",\n \"text\": \"2017’, and a Grammy in 2018, broke chart history staying in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 for 33 weeks, topped the UK No.1 chart for 14 weeks, and was the most-streamed song of all time on Spotify. At the 35th Annual ASCAP Pop Music Awards 2018 in Los Angeles, Steve Mac won Songwriter of the Year and Song of the Year for Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, plus awards for Rockabye by Clean Bandit feat Anne-Marie & Sean Paul; What About Us by Pink and Strip That Down by Liam Payne. Including Clean Bandit’s single Rockabye,\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Mac\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18652445\",\n \"text\": \"spent 12 non-consecutive weeks in the top-10, becoming one of the few songs during 2015 to spend more than 10 weeks in the top 10 (even above several number-one singles). Elsewhere, in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway, \\\"Lean On\\\" reached number one. Additionally, the single reached number 3 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2015, \\\"Lean On\\\" was announced to have overtaken \\\"Thinking Out Loud\\\" by Ed Sheeran as the most streamed song of all time on Spotify, with 526 million streams globally. It currently has over 1 billion streams on the site, making it\",\n \"title\": \"Lean On\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19930556\",\n \"text\": \"was also Australia's highest selling song of 2017 with 630,000 copies sold by the end of the year. The song is the first ever number one single of the Philippine Hot 100 upon the chart's inception on 12 June 2017. It stayed at the peak position for 4 consecutive weeks before it was dethroned by \\\"Despacito\\\" by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber. Worldwide, the song reached one billion streams on Spotify in June 2017. It became the most streamed song on Spotify in September 2017, reaching 1,318,420,396 streams overtaking Drake's \\\"One Dance\\\". In August 2018, \\\"Billboard\\\" published\",\n \"title\": \"Shape of You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20609340\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Monster\\\" featuring Rihanna. \\\"The Monster\\\" became Eminem's fifth No.1 single on the Hot 100, tying him with rappers Ludacris and P. Diddy for rappers with the most No.1 singles in the USA. In May 2014, Eminem was announced as the most streamed artist of all time on Spotify. As of November 2010, Eminem has four songs that have sold over three million downloads in the United States. Eminem has sold more than 42 million track downloads in the United States alone. Eminem singles discography American rapper Eminem has released fifty-one singles as a lead artist and five promotional\",\n \"title\": \"Eminem singles discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19980195\",\n \"text\": \"It is also the 30th best-selling single in the country with 1,900,599 combined sales (566,425 digital sales and 1,334,174 streaming-equivalent sales) as of September 19, 2017. It also became the song with most weeks at number one in Switzerland and Germany. It is the third and eighth best-performing single of all-time in Switzerland and Sweden, respectively. The success of the song and its remix version led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened-to artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify on July 9, 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. He later became the fifth most listened-to male\",\n \"title\": \"Despacito\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19930541\",\n \"text\": \"Mac. \\\"Shape of You\\\" peaked at number-one on the singles charts of 34 countries, including the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 (later becoming the best performing song of 2017), as well as the UK, Australian and Canadian singles charts. It has stayed at number one for a record-tying 16 consecutive weeks on the Canadian Hot 100, as well as 14 non-consecutive weeks on the UK Singles Chart, and 12 non-consecutive weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. On 21 September 2017 it became the most streamed song on Spotify, with over 1.32 billion streams. It was the best-selling song of 2017 in\",\n \"title\": \"Shape of You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18698747\",\n \"text\": \"You Again\\\" was released on March 10, 2015, as the soundtrack's lead single in the United States. \\\"See You Again\\\" became both Khalifa's and Puth's biggest single to date. It spent 12 non-consecutive weeks atop the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, tying Eminem's \\\"Lose Yourself\\\" for the longest-running rap number-one single in the country, and topped the UK Singles Chart for two consecutive weeks. It also reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. The song held the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United\",\n \"title\": \"See You Again\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18358759\",\n \"text\": \"Feel My Face\\\". It was later named \\\"Billboard\\\"s Song of the Summer. Much of the song's rise to prominence was attributed to its performance on streaming services. On Spotify, the song attracted over 870 million plays (as of August 2018). Outside of national charts, it peaked at number one on the iTunes Store in over 55 markets. \\\"Cheerleader\\\" was the most streamed song of 2015 in the UK, racking up 71.7 million streams throughout the year. While Chris Molanphy of \\\"Slate\\\" found the song's lyrics \\\"laughably retrograde\\\", he praised the chorus as \\\"universally relatable and cross-culturally memorable.\\\" Nick Messitte, a\",\n \"title\": \"Cheerleader (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13456877\",\n \"text\": \"Rihanna and then Nicki Minaj, who both turned it down; however Major Lazer later expressed that no one could have done a better job than MØ in the recording. The song reached number 4 on the US Billboard's Hot 100 chart and number 2 in the UK charts. It also became Spotify's most streamed song of all time, receiving universally positive reviews while reaching over 2 billion views on YouTube, making it the twelfth most viewed video on the site. Four promotional singles were released; \\\"Roll the Bass\\\" on March 23, 2015, \\\"Night Riders\\\", a collaboration with Travi$ Scott, 2\",\n \"title\": \"Major Lazer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18698755\",\n \"text\": \"7, 2016, \\\"See You Again\\\" has sold a total of 4,122,938 copies in the United States. The song fell out of the top ten on the chart dated August 29, 2015, spending a total of 19 weeks in the top ten. The song holds the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United States. It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide during April 6 to April 12 (streamed 21.9 million times), and in the United Kingdom in a single week (streamed 3.72 million times from April 20 to April\",\n \"title\": \"See You Again\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15218084\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" (season 13 episode 8). \\\"Drag Me Down\\\" sold 349,000 digital copies in the United States and had 17.7 million streams worldwide in its first week of release. It broke the record on Spotify for most streamed track in one day, earning 4.75 million global streams (it has since been surpassed by Ed Sheeran's \\\"Shape of You\\\" and \\\"Castle on the Hill\\\" both receiving over 6.18 million global streams). The song also debuted at number three on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, the second-highest debut of the year, with 349,000 downloads sold in its first week (making it the group's\",\n \"title\": \"Drag Me Down\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19453465\",\n \"text\": \"Airplay, and the \\\"Billboard\\\" Latin Songs chart in the United States, where it spent 41 consecutive weeks at the top and won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. In 2015, \\\"Lean On\\\" by American electronic duo Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ peaked at number-one on the chart and was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, with 526 million streams globally. By 2018, Scottish DJ Calvin Harris is the performer with the most number-one singles on the Mexico Airplay chart, with eight chart toppers. Mexico Airplay Mexico Airplay is a record\",\n \"title\": \"Mexico Airplay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13879797\",\n \"text\": \"Bling\\\", \\\"One Dance\\\", \\\"Pop Style\\\", \\\"Controlla\\\" and \\\"Too Good\\\", all of which peaked within the top 20 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. \\\"One Dance\\\" became the most successful single of Drake's career, becoming an international hit and peaking at number one in fifteen different countries, including the US, UK and Canada where it became his first number one single. \\\"One Dance\\\" has since also become the second most played song on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams. Drake's fifth studio album, \\\"Scorpion\\\" was released in June 2018 and again debuted at number one in Canada\",\n \"title\": \"Drake discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672610\",\n \"text\": \"Emoji, Basement, Hiptronix, Six Strings and Cyclone (hip-hop, electronic, pop, guitar-driven and experimental music respectively). The playlists spotlight lesser-known musicians and their songs which are listened to by 100,000 randomly chosen users and are talked about on 10 to 20,000 music blogs. They are updated every Wednesday, and can contain a maximum of up to 50 songs. In August 2016, Spotify launched Release Radar, a personalised playlist that allows users to stay up-to-date on new music released by artists they listen to the most. It also helps users discover new music, by mixing in other artists' music. The playlist is\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672587\",\n \"text\": \"November 2018, it had 191 million monthly active users, including 87 million paying subscribers. Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on the number of artists' streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of total revenue to rights holders, who then pay artists based on their individual agreements. Spotify has faced criticism from artists and producers including Taylor Swift and Thom Yorke, who argued that it does not fairly compensate musicians. In April 2017, as part of its efforts to renegotiate license\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20544742\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"God's plan\\\". \\\"God's Plan\\\" was released alongside \\\"Diplomatic Immunity\\\" as a part of the \\\"Scary Hours\\\" EP and made available for digital download and streaming on January 19, 2018, by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records. The song launched with the largest on-demand streaming count in history, breaking Apple's first-day streaming record upon release with 14 million streams and breaking Spotify's single-day streaming record with 4.3 million plays in twenty four hours. The song was streamed 82.4 million times in its first week. Talking about the song, Noisey said \\\"this is a good song that I've heard Drake do\",\n \"title\": \"God's Plan (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18652442\",\n \"text\": \"48 on its year-end list to find the 50 best songs of 2015, while \\\"Billboard\\\" listed it number one on its Top 10 Dance/Electronic songs of 2015. The latter magazine also ranked \\\"Lean On\\\" at number 3 on its year-end critics' poll for 2015: \\\"The Grammys got it wrong. It's rare that a dance record of this quality reaches this level of ubiquity—after all, this is Spotifys most streamed song of all-time as of Nov. 2015. Despite being independently released, the infectious three-minute single became the poster child for dance crossover, dominating both radio and festival play and hitting No.\",\n \"title\": \"Lean On\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19491754\",\n \"text\": \"being listed at 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" seasonal ranking. Spotify named it the fifth most-streamed song of the summer globally. , it has sold 2.495 million downloads in the country, thus being the best-selling song of the year according to Nielsen Music. It was also the number three most-heard song on US radio in 2016, with 3.422 billion audience impressions for the year. It was the number two most-played song in terms of total number of plays, with 587,000. \\\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\\\" is among the top 20 longest-leading number-one singles on the Adult Contemporary chart. It is also one\",\n \"title\": \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17868893\",\n \"text\": \"as number 13 on the France Top 40 chart. Cab returned to music in 2017 with \\\"All of the Girls\\\" featuring Pitbull. In 2018, Cab released \\\"Laurent Perrier\\\", a song featuring Latin artist Farruko. He performed the song at the official FIFA World Cup viewing event in Berlin, Germany prior to the country's final game in the tournament. As a follow-up, Cab released the single \\\"Just Wanna Love You\\\" featuring, J Balvin. At the time of its release (September 2018), Balvin was the #2 ranked artist in the world streaming on Spotify, behind Drake. Cris Cab Cristian Cabrerizo, better known\",\n \"title\": \"Cris Cab\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672641\",\n \"text\": \"of the iPhone via the watch. Users can also choose which devices to play music on via Bluetooth. In September 2010, the World Economic Forum (WEF) announced the company as a Technology Pioneer for 2011. In August 2017, Spotify was the most downloaded music app on the iOS platform in the United States. Spotify has attracted significant criticism since its 2008 launch. The primary point of criticism centres around what artists, music creators and the media have described as \\\"unsustainable\\\" compensation. Unlike physical sales or legal downloads, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17769360\",\n \"text\": \"Pop Songs, Dance Club Songs, Hot Dance/Electric Songs and Adult Top 40 charts. It peaked at 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. In June, \\\"Time Magazine\\\" named it one of the \\\"Best Songs of 2015 So Far\\\" In September 2015, \\\"Lean On\\\" was named Spotify's global song of the summer. In November 2015, the song surpassed 526 million Spotify plays, making it the service's most streamed song ever. The video for \\\"Lean On\\\" was released in March 2015. It was shot in India and directed by Tim Erem. \\\"Amplify\\\" magazine named \\\"Lean On\\\" one of \\\"The Best Videos of 2015\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"DJ Snake\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15023486\",\n \"text\": \"By the end of 2013, \\\"Radioactive\\\" had already sold over 3 million copies. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" called it \\\"the biggest rock hit of the year\\\". It was also the most streamed song of 2013 on Spotify in the United States. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, winning the latter of the two. In 2015, it was certified diamond by the RIAA for sales in excess of 10 million copies in the United States. Third single \\\"Demons\\\" reached No. 1 on the\",\n \"title\": \"Imagine Dragons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12794654\",\n \"text\": \"featuring Justin Bieber. It became the first primarily Spanish-language song to peak at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 since 1996 and topped the chart for 16 weeks, tying with \\\"One Sweet Day\\\" by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men as the longest-reigning number-one single in the chart's history. The song also became the longest-reigning number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Latin Songs chart with 52 weeks and the longest-reigning foreign language number one in the United Kingdom with 11 weeks. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy Yankee discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19652433\",\n \"text\": \"the year, behind Flo Rida's \\\"My House\\\" and Justin Timberlake's \\\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\\\". Internationally, the song reached number one in Australia on August 13, 2016, also becoming both The Chainsmokers' and Halsey's first number-one song there. It also peaked at number one in the UK, New Zealand and Canada. The song topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks, becoming the first song by a duo to log multiple weeks at number one in both the US and the UK since LMFAO's \\\"Party Rock Anthem\\\" in 2011. \\\"Closer\\\" is currently the third most streamed song on Spotify, behind \\\"One\",\n \"title\": \"Closer (The Chainsmokers song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18132276\",\n \"text\": \"but not a list of a \\\"carefully curated journey to unconsciousness\\\". In October 2015, \\\"Thinking Out Loud\\\" set the record of most streams of a song on Spotify, having accumulated over 500 million streams. The company created the \\\"Sheerio Index\\\", an interactive graphic map which showed where Sheeran was most popular. The color-based map indicated that Sheeran was most popular in Denmark. It was surpassed a month later by \\\"Lean On\\\", a song by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ. Emil Nava directed the video accompaniment to the single. Most of it was filmed in the Crystal Ballroom at\",\n \"title\": \"Thinking Out Loud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16638534\",\n \"text\": \"an independent artist. In November 2016, Nesbitt signed a record deal with indie label Cooking Vinyl and is expecting to release a new studio album shortly. On 2 July 2017 she served as a supporting act for Justin Bieber during British Summer Time (concerts) in Hyde Park, London. Nina released a new single, \\\"The Moments I'm Missing\\\" on 14 July 2017. On 8 September 2017 she released another single, \\\"The Best You Had\\\" which went on to be her most streamed track on Spotify of all time. with over 33million worldwide streams. It was also made Greg James's 'Tune Of\",\n \"title\": \"Nina Nesbitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672585\",\n \"text\": \"Spotify Spotify Ltd. () is a music streaming platform developed by Swedish company Spotify Technology S.A., headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Launched on 7 October 2008, it is currently (as of 14 November 2018) available in 78 countries and regions throughout the world. It provides DRM-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with advertisements or automatic music videos, while additional features, such as improved streaming quality are offered via paid subscriptions. Spotify is available in most of Europe, most of the Americas, Australia,\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20315180\",\n \"text\": \"YouTube, it attained the most views in its first 24 hours of release, more than any other music video on the site, later surpassed by the K-pop band BTS with \\\"Idol\\\" in August 2018. On August 23, 2017, Swift announced that the first single from her upcoming sixth album, titled \\\"Reputation\\\", would come out the following night. The song was released to streaming services on August 24, and earned over eight million streams within twenty-four hours of its Spotify release, breaking the record for the highest first-day streaming for a single track. The record was surpassed in 2018 by Drake's\",\n \"title\": \"Look What You Made Me Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19538846\",\n \"text\": \"in 2015, \\\"Fire\\\" was featured in the Bradley Cooper movie \\\"Burnt\\\" and went on to receive airplay on American rock radio in 2016. To date, \\\"Fire\\\" has been streamed more than 26 million times on Spotify, while \\\"Glitter & Gold\\\" has been streamed more than 25 million times. Courtney played at the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas, in a showcase for \\\"NME\\\" magazine in March 2016 and performed \\\"Fire\\\" on Conan O'Brien's TBS talkshow \\\"Conan\\\" in June. Another track, \\\"Hobo Rocket\\\", was included on the soundtrack of the EA Sports video game \\\"FIFA 17\\\". In early 2017, the It's\",\n \"title\": \"Barns Courtney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18937850\",\n \"text\": \"2.03 million set by One Direction's \\\"Drag Me Down\\\". In its second week, the song descended to number two, however, it broke the country's all-time streaming record, with 3.87 million streams in seven days, later surpassed by Adele's \\\"Hello\\\" (which streamed 7.32 million times in November 2015, almost doubling the record). After three weeks since its release, the song remained as the most streamed track in the country and returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. On October 2, the song was knocked off the top spot by Sam Smith's \\\"Writing's on the Wall\\\", but a week\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11738103\",\n \"text\": \"billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs \\\"Roar\\\" and \\\"Dark Horse\\\". Her fifth album, \\\"Witness\\\" (2017), delved into electropop and became her third album to reach number one in the U.S. Its most successful single, \\\"Chained to the Rhythm\\\", broke the record for Spotify's most streamed track by a female artist within 24 hours upon its release. Perry has received many awards, including four Guinness World Records, five American Music Awards, a Brit Award, and a Juno Award, and has been included in the annual \\\"Forbes\\\" lists of highest-earning women in music from 2011–2018. Her estimated net\",\n \"title\": \"Katy Perry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4907166\",\n \"text\": \"album on June 1, 2015. On November 11, 2015, \\\"Lean On\\\" became Spotify's Most Streamed Song of All Time with over 800 million streams to date. Along with the streaming title, the official video for \\\"Lean On\\\" became one of the most viewed videos on YouTube. It currently has more than 2 billion views. Along with the streaming and viewing milestones, \\\"Lean On\\\" would also go on to achieve double platinum status. On July 22, 2016, the group released the single \\\"Cold Water\\\", a collaboration with Canadian artist Justin Bieber and Danish singer MØ. The track has already reached over\",\n \"title\": \"Diplo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20021267\",\n \"text\": \"in Spain and Peru, Platinum seller in Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Portugal and Golden seller in Equator. Charly Black also has 336,5 million streams in world and has reached 279th rank of the most artists streamed in the world on Spotify. His hit remix by Daddy Yankee also reached records on streaming websites : it’s the 129th track most streamed in the world in February 2017 (week 02/16/2017). In 2002, DJ Maze also received recompenses with Ragga Connection et Ragga Connection 2 (mixed by DJ Xela) : Platinum seller and Golden Seller in France. He currently has more than 5\",\n \"title\": \"Allezgo Productions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16900367\",\n \"text\": \"24K Magic World Tour as an opening act for several of its dates, and also partnered with clothing brand Guess as the face for their 2017 Fall campaign. New writing and recording sessions for her album were influenced by the success of her single \\\"Havana\\\", which postponed its original release date. Upon its release, the single reached number one in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Hungary and the United States. It also spent seven weeks atop the US Mainstream Top 40 airplay chart. The song became Spotify's most-streamed song ever by a solo female artist in June 2018,\",\n \"title\": \"Camila Cabello\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13011692\",\n \"text\": \"later revealed to be Spotify's most streamed artist for the second consecutive year in 2016, amassing a total 4.7 billion streams for all projects on the service, which is more than double the amount of streams he had in 2015. Drake later secured his second and third Grammy Awards, winning for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song at the 59th ceremony. Despite multiple setbacks, Drake announced \\\"More Life\\\" would be released on March 18, 2017, via a series of multiple video commercials released through Instagram. Upon release, \\\"More Life\\\" received mostly positive reviews, and debuted atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200,\",\n \"title\": \"Drake (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2333863\",\n \"text\": \"album in 2019 with its first single \\\"Hello My Love\\\" to be released on 11 January 2019. The band sold over 40 million studio albums and 55 million records overall worldwide. They have had 33 number-one albums worldwide. The band has received over a billion views on YouTube counting only the ones uploaded from their official site alone, were streamed more than 300 million times, and more than 550 million in Spotify as of 2018. They generated hit singles including \\\"Swear It Again\\\", \\\"If I Let You Go\\\", \\\"Flying Without Wings\\\", \\\"I Have a Dream\\\", \\\"Seasons in the Sun\\\", \\\"Fool\",\n \"title\": \"Westlife\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18132259\",\n \"text\": \"Africa, and peaked at number 2 on both the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100. It was Sheeran's highest-charting single in North America until \\\"Shape of You\\\" topped the charts in both countries in 2017. In June 2015, \\\"Thinking Out Loud\\\" became the first single to spend a full year in the UK top 40. In September 2015, it also became the seventh single to have achieved triple platinum certification in the UK during the 21st century. In October 2015, the song became the first to be streamed over 500 million times on Spotify, is also one\",\n \"title\": \"Thinking Out Loud\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15601807\",\n \"text\": \"of them stuck behind Maroon 5's \\\"Moves Like Jagger\\\" and Adele's \\\"Someone like You\\\" occupying the two spots above. It has been certified 5× platinum in Canada and Australia, 4× platinum in the United States, and gold in Germany. The song ranked as the sixth-best-selling digital song of 2011 in the United States with 3.84 million copies sold, while it ranked as music streaming service Spotify's most streamed song of the year. The song has sold 5,173,000 copies in the United States as of August 2013. The music video, directed by Josef Geiger, features the band playing a show. There\",\n \"title\": \"Pumped Up Kicks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672626\",\n \"text\": \"paying) in December 2014, 75 million users (20 million paying) in June 2015, 30 million paying subscribers in March 2016, 40 million subscribers in September 2016, and 100 million total users in June 2016. As of November 2018, Spotify has 191 million active users, including over 87 million paying subscribers. According to \\\"TechCrunch\\\", Spotify was planning to launch on the stock market in 2017, but is instead planning on doing the IPO in 2018 in order to \\\"build up a better balance sheet and work on shifting its business model to improve its margins\\\". The value of its IPO is\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4200266\",\n \"text\": \"site to reach the milestone behind Adele's \\\"Hello\\\", and becoming the most watched video in YouTube's history. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. Daddy Yankee has received various awards and nominations throughout his career. As of 2017, he has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 2 Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, 8 Lo Nuestro Awards,\",\n \"title\": \"Daddy Yankee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6195712\",\n \"text\": \"Hot Country Songs Hot Country Songs is a chart published weekly by \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine in the United States. This 50-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly by collecting airplay data from Nielsen BDS along with digital sales and streaming. The current number-one song, as of the chart dated December 22, 2018, is \\\"Speechless\\\" by Dan + Shay. \\\"Billboard\\\" began compiling the popularity of country songs with its January 8, 1944 issue. Only the genre's most popular jukebox selections were tabulated, with the chart titled \\\"Most Played Juke Box Folk Records\\\". For approximately ten years, from 1948\",\n \"title\": \"Hot Country Songs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16734342\",\n \"text\": \"Rock Songs chart at 23 weeks before being surpassed by Walk the Moon's \\\"Shut Up and Dance\\\". \\\"Radioactive\\\" currently holds the record for the longest reign atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" Rock Airplay chart, with 24 weeks. The song is also the best-selling rock song in US digital history. It was the No. 2 Song of the Summer according to \\\"Billboard\\\" and spent 87 weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, breaking the all-time chart longevity record, previously held by Jason Mraz's 2008 single \\\"I'm Yours\\\". It has sold more copies in a calendar year than any other song by a rock act\",\n \"title\": \"Radioactive (Imagine Dragons song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20259134\",\n \"text\": \"decision to relocate to Nashville, The uncertainty William's felt during his relocation to Nashville became the inspiration for his next single, \\\"Frustrated.\\\" Once released, Spotify, who had featured R.LUM.R on their New Music Tuesday and Alternative R&B playlists previously, decided to support the new single by placing it on many of their most popular national playlists. Frustrated quickly became a hit garnering nearly 20 million streams on Spotify alone since first released in late 2016. In early 2017 Frustrated Hit #1 on SiriusXM The Heat's (Ch.46) Top 35 Songs out beating artists like Chris Brown, Bruno Mars and Drake. In\",\n \"title\": \"R.LUM.R\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19924802\",\n \"text\": \"tracks of the album achieved a total of 56.73 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 29 million for \\\"Starboy\\\" by The Weeknd in November 2016. In total, all tracks by Sheeran were streamed 68.7 million times that day, with the single \\\"Shape of You\\\" receiving 10.12 million streams, both also breaking previous records on Spotify. Both records were broken by Drake's \\\"More Life\\\" 16 days later. By its second day of release, the videos of songs from the album had achieved a cumulative one billion views on YouTube, including figures from \\\"Shape of\",\n \"title\": \"÷ (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20315191\",\n \"text\": \"position and Swift's fifth number-one single in the United States. It ended the 16-week reign of \\\"Despacito\\\". It also topped the nation's Streaming Songs chart with 84.4 million streams, becoming its most streamed song within a week by a female artist and second overall behind the 103 million that Baauer's \\\"Harlem Shake\\\" gained in 2013. The track also had more weekly streams in the US than any other song in 2017. The song stayed atop the charts for three consecutive weeks, tying with American rapper Cardi B's \\\"Bodak Yellow\\\" as the longest running female at the number one spot on\",\n \"title\": \"Look What You Made Me Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19321496\",\n \"text\": \"and a position higher upon a re-release in April 2011. It also remained in the top 10 for 11 weeks. The Jonas Blue version also reached number one in Germany, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand, as well as reaching the number one spot on the US viral chart on Spotify. The single has been certified Platinum in Italy and the UK, 2× Platinum in New Zealand and 3× Platinum in Australia. To date, the track has been streamed almost 674 million times on Spotify, and has achieved over 310 million views on Vevo. On 3 June 2016, he released a\",\n \"title\": \"Jonas Blue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15251355\",\n \"text\": \"on 10 November. On 4 December, Sheeran was named Spotify's most streamed artist of 2017 with 6.3 billion streams. He has Spotify's biggest album of the year with \\\"÷\\\" streamed 3.1 billion times, and the top song with \\\"Shape of You\\\" with 1.4 billion streams. On 5 December 2017, hip-hop artist Eminem announced that Sheeran had collaborated on the song \\\"River\\\" for his ninth studio album \\\"Revival\\\". On working with Eminem, Sheeran stated, \\\"He is one of the reasons I started writing songs, and was such a pleasure to work with him.\\\" Speaking on \\\"The Late Late Show\\\" on Irish\",\n \"title\": \"Ed Sheeran\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19980187\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"Billboard\\\" recurrent rule that removes titles that rank below number 25 after that amount of weeks. It also became the longest-reigning number-one on the US Digital Songs and Streaming Songs charts with 17 and 16 weeks, respectively. \\\"Despacito\\\" was the best-selling and most-streamed single of 2017 in the United States, with 2,692,000 downloads sold and 1,322,799,000 video and audio streams, adding up a combined total of 6,663,000 sales plus track-equivalent audio streams. It was also the sixth most-played song of 2017, with 608,000 spins across US radio stations and an audience of 3,076,935,000. It was the second best-performing song\",\n \"title\": \"Despacito\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20678231\",\n \"text\": \"you listen and never forget? Only gon' say this one time, then I'll dip, niggas ain't worthy to be on my shit.\\\" Upon its first week of release, \\\"KOD\\\" debuted at number 10 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. The song broke Spotify opening day record in the US, it was streamed 4.2 million times, Taylor Swift previously held the record for \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" (2017). In December 2018, Billboard ranked \\\"KOD\\\" as the 64th best song of the year. KOD (song) \\\"KOD\\\" is a single by American rapper J. Cole, released on April 20, 2018 from\",\n \"title\": \"KOD (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20612714\",\n \"text\": \"number 26, becoming XXXTentacion's first top thirty in the country. \\\"SAD!\\\" reached the top 10 in Sweden, Australia, and New Zealand. It also reached the top 20 in Ireland, and the top 40 in Norway. \\\"SAD!\\\" amassed 10.4 million streams on Spotify on June 19, 2018, the day after his death, breaking the single-day record for streams on the platform. Following XXXTentacion's death, \\\"SAD!\\\" reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 on the week beginning June 25, 2018, jumping from number 52. He became the first act to earn a posthumous Hot 100 number-one single as a lead artist\",\n \"title\": \"Sad!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17288385\",\n \"text\": \"music app Spotify in its first week of release over pop songs from Mariah Carey, Daft Punk, Fergie, and others. The list represents the most viral tracks on Spotify based on the number of people who shared it divided by the number who listened to it from Monday, May 13, to Sunday, May 19, via Facebook, Tumblr, Twitter and Spotify. In April 2014, the song won a \\\"Revolver\\\" Golden Gods Award for \\\"Song of the Year.\\\" According to Moody, the composition was about overcoming routine roadblocks and less-than-ideal circumstances in life. He then goes on to say that while most\",\n \"title\": \"Lift Me Up (Five Finger Death Punch song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2495727\",\n \"text\": \"100. This was expanded to a broader Streaming Songs chart in January 2013, which ranks web radio streams from services such as Spotify, as well as on-demand audio titles. In February 2013, U.S. views for a song on YouTube were added to the Hot 100 formula. \\\"Harlem Shake\\\" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made. The Hot 100 formula starting 2013 generally incorporates sales (35–45%), airplay (30–40%) and streaming (20–30%), and the precise percentage can change from week to week. A growing trend in the early first decade of the 21st century was to\",\n \"title\": \"Billboard Hot 100\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20315179\",\n \"text\": \"The song broke a string of records, including the record for the most plays in a single day on Spotify. Commercially, \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It has also received Platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, Italy, Sweden and the United States. It also received Diamond certification in Brazil. The song received a mixed response from music critics. Its music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and upon its release on\",\n \"title\": \"Look What You Made Me Do\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20157728\",\n \"text\": \"Usher, Tyrese, Pusha T, and Wyclef Jean along with labelmates Alicia Keys and Bryson Tiller helped get the word out through Twitter co-signs, shoutouts, and re-posts. In April 2017 Rihanna posted an Instagram clip with H.E.R.'s track \\\"Focus\\\" playing in the background. The clip has been viewed over five million times. Additional public support came from Issa Rae of HBO's \\\"Insecure\\\", Taraji P. Henson of \\\"Empire\\\", Kylie Jenner and Kendall Jenner. The tracks on \\\"H.E.R. Vol. 1\\\" have collectively been streamed over 20 million times on Spotify and over 65 million times across all streaming music providers worldwide. NPR listed\",\n \"title\": \"H.E.R.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13011733\",\n \"text\": \"platinum in the US for combined sales plus streaming units , with \\\"Over\\\", \\\"Too Good\\\", \\\"Passionfruit\\\", \\\"Nice for What\\\", \\\"Marvin's Room\\\", \\\"Find Your Love\\\", and \\\"Energy\\\". He has also had three exceed 4 million in equivalent units, with \\\"Take Care\\\", \\\"Headlines\\\", and \\\"Best I Ever Had\\\". Three have reached quintuple platinum, with \\\"Jumpman\\\", \\\"Started from the Bottom\\\", and \\\"The Motto\\\". \\\"Hold On, We're Going Home\\\" marked his first single to accumulate over six million units, while \\\"Forever\\\" became his second in 2018. Two of his singles have reached septuple platinum, which \\\"Hotline Bling\\\" and \\\"One Dance\\\", while his highest-certified single\",\n \"title\": \"Drake (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7157380\",\n \"text\": \"electro track). Other notable replays have included: \\\"People Hold On\\\", \\\"Blue Monday\\\", \\\"Love to Love You Baby\\\", \\\"Love Sensation\\\", and \\\"One More Time\\\". In 2009, Summers replayed \\\"Street Player\\\" (originally by Chicago) for the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" #2 hit \\\"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)\\\" by Pitbull. The Scorccio replay of \\\"Street Player\\\" has since become the most successful usage of any sample replay in history, due to the number of sales and media plays of the Pitbull song worldwide. With over 400 million hits to date on YouTube, the song is now ranked as the third most viewed electronic\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Summers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20959097\",\n \"text\": \"best song of the year. On November 5, 2018, \\\"Thank U, Next\\\" broke the record for the most streams received by a song in a single day by a female artist on Spotify, with 8.19 million streams globally, and continued to break this record daily until November 9, when it received 9.6 million streams. The song surpassed 100 million streams in Spotify eleven days after its release on November 14, 2018, becoming the fastest song to do so. \\\"Thank U, Next\\\" became the 32nd song to debut at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart issue dated November\",\n \"title\": \"Thank U, Next (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9204298\",\n \"text\": \"True\\\", which has sold 240,000 copies to date. The band was viewed with total of over a billion views in YouTube counting only the ones uploaded from their official site alone, were streamed more than 300 million times, and more than 550 million times in Spotify. In 2012, the Official Charts Company listed Westlife 34th amongst the biggest-selling singles artists in British music history. They are currently the sixteenth overall biggest group of all time. As of April 2018, the group has sold more than 55 million records worldwide. They accumulated a total of 26 top ten hits including 14\",\n \"title\": \"Westlife discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5871945\",\n \"text\": \"Boyz\\\" by Missy Elliott featuring Nas, Eve and Q-Tip, and \\\"Fancy\\\" by Iggy Azalea and Charli XCX, singles that were number one for 18 weeks from December 1999 to March 2000 and May 2014 to August 2014. Note: Above chart only considers songs that charted in 2004 or later Source: Hot Rap Songs Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles, and also known as Rap Airplay) is a chart released weekly by \\\"Billboard\\\" in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio\",\n \"title\": \"Hot Rap Songs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20135401\",\n \"text\": \"The Pink Panther Theme at a charity event for the opioid epidemic hosted by Hamilton College on April 8, 2018. Under Crowd Records Solomon released his debut single \\\"Don't Stop\\\" with an extended version on Spotify in June 2018. The song debuted at No. 39 on Billboard's electronic dance music charts. \\\"Don't Stop\\\" was listed in Spotify's 263,361-follower playlist \\\"Happy Summer Beats\\\". His Spotify profile has 550,000 monthly listeners with his debut single garnering 1.2 million listens. Shortly after his debut release Solomon opened a Soundcloud account where he posts extended musical sets and concert performances. Solomon married Mary Elizabeth\",\n \"title\": \"David M. Solomon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16809949\",\n \"text\": \"played on the Top 40. As of December 16, 2012, the song became the first track to be streamed more than a million times in a one-week period on Spotify. In the same week it also became the most-streamed in Spotify's history at the time. In Canada, the song peaked at number one on Canadian Hot 100 for the issue dated December 22, 2012, becoming Mars' third single to reach number one on the chart. It remained atop of it for three consecutive weeks. It also peaked at number one on Canada AC. \\\"Locked Out of Heaven\\\" made its first\",\n \"title\": \"Locked Out of Heaven\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17847228\",\n \"text\": \"first number-one on that chart. It held the spot for seven consecutive weeks. It also topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand and had general chart success around the world. It reached the top ten in several countries such as Azalea's native country Australia and the United Kingdom. It is XCX's second top-ten single, after her guest spot on Icona Pop's \\\"I Love It\\\" in 2013. \\\"Fancy\\\" was named \\\"Billboard\\\"s Song of the Summer for 2014, as well as the most-streamed song on Spotify and most-watched music video on Vevo in 2014. It won the Top Rap Song category\",\n \"title\": \"Fancy (Iggy Azalea song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20343305\",\n \"text\": \"video has received over 430 million views on YouTube. The song reached number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one song. It debuted at number two behind Cardi B's \\\"Bodak Yellow\\\", breaking the single week streaming record on Apple Music with over 25 million streams becoming Post Malone's third top 20 hit, following his debut single, \\\"White Iverson\\\" and his top 10 hit \\\"Congratulations\\\". It stayed behind \\\"Bodak Yellow\\\" for three consecutive weeks before reaching the top spot in its fourth week. As of October 2017, the single has sold 165,458 copies\",\n \"title\": \"Rockstar (Post Malone song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20036913\",\n \"text\": \"In Portugal, \\\"Amar pelos dois\\\" reached number 1 on the singles chart after winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. On the Portuguese download chart, the song debuted at number 4, after winning the national final Festival da Canção. In the following week, it climbed to number 3, and topped the chart eventually. It was certified gold by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa (AFP), selling over 7,500 units. In Portugal, \\\"Amar pelos dois\\\" broke the record held by Ed Sheeran's \\\"Shape of You\\\" for the most streams ever in a single day on Spotify, with 75,373 daily streams, and became the only\",\n \"title\": \"Amar pelos dois\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20090376\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"XO Tour Llif3\\\" entered the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 top 10 for the chart issued April 4, 2017 at number 49 and peaked at number 7 in May 2017. Spotify recognized the song as one of the most streamed tracks of the summer of 2017 in the US. By September 2017, the song had generated 1.3 billion streams across all streaming platforms, generating $4.5 million with Lil Uzi Vert only earning $900,000. Lil Uzi Vert made an estimated $0.00069231 per play. On March 13, 2017, an animated music video for \\\"XO Tour Llif3\\\" was released on Lil Uzi Vert's YouTube channel.\",\n \"title\": \"XO Tour Llif3\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5764780\",\n \"text\": \"peaked atop the chart and stayed at that position for twelve consecutive weeks. \\\"Yeah!\\\" became Usher's fourth number-one single, Lil Jon's first and Ludacris' second. The single remained on the Hot 100 for forty-five weeks. \\\"Yeah!\\\" became the most played song in the United States in 2004, with Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems reporting the song getting a total of 496,805 plays. The commercial success of \\\"Yeah!\\\" and follow-up single \\\"Burn\\\" helped sustain \\\"Confessions\\\" atop the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 11, 2006 for shipping one million\",\n \"title\": \"Yeah! (Usher song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16321185\",\n \"text\": \"DeGeneres Show,\\\" The Late Late Show with James Corden, and Good Morning America. By the end of March 2016, \\\"7 Years\\\" had achieved around 225 million total listens on Spotify worldwide with 17.2 million listeners per month, making the band the 20th most popular artist on the service. On 1 April 2016, the self-titled global debut was officially released in the United States by Warner Bros. Records. The US release of the album received new artwork, a reworked track listing, and a wider global audience in countries including, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The album reached No.\",\n \"title\": \"Lukas Graham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19980210\",\n \"text\": \"with the music video for his song \\\"Sorry\\\" to become the fastest video on the site to reach the milestone. The video became the first on YouTube to receive three billion, four billion, and five billion views on August 4, 2017; October 11, 2017; and April 5, 2018, respectively \\\"(dates are based on UTC)\\\". It has received over 5.8 billion views as of December 18, 2018 and has been the most viewed video on the site since August 4, 2017, when it surpassed the music video for \\\"See You Again\\\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth. It is also the\",\n \"title\": \"Despacito\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15329811\",\n \"text\": \"- reaching it in 68 weeks, just behind Adele's \\\"Rolling in the Deep\\\" which achieved it in 67 weeks - and the third-biggest selling digital single since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital sales in 2003. It has sold 8.1 million copies in the US as of October 2016 and over one million copies in the UK. It is the US's third all-time best-selling digital single. The song spent eleven weeks at number one in New Zealand and ten weeks in Australia. In New Zealand, it is the longest-running number one single since Smashproof's hit single \\\"Brother\\\" in 2009, with over\",\n \"title\": \"Party Rock Anthem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5393582\",\n \"text\": \"named the Digital Songs Artist of the 2000s century, the top Hot 100 artist of the 2000s century, as well as the all-time top Pop Songs artist by \\\"Billboard\\\". Additionally, she is Spotify and Apple Musics most streamed female artist of all time. Among numerous awards and accolades, Rihanna has won nine Grammy Awards, thirteen American Music Awards and twelve \\\"Billboard\\\" Music Awards. She currently holds six Guinness World Records. Furthermore, she was awarded with the inaugural American Music Award for Icon in 2013 and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award in 2016. Rihanna received the Fashion Icon lifetime achievement\",\n \"title\": \"Rihanna\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13812489\",\n \"text\": \"TradeDoubler which had acquired Ek's previous company Advertigo. In October 2008, the company launched its legal music streaming service Spotify. Initially, Spotify ran on a peer-to-peer distribution model, similar to uTorrent, but switched to a server-client model in 2014. Ek serves as CEO of Spotify. In October 2015, Spotify Co-Founder Martin Lorentzon announced he would be stepping down as Chairman and Ek would be taking over alongside his current role as CEO. As of June 2017, Spotify has 140 million active users and has raised over $2.5 billion in venture funding. In 2017, Daniel Ek was named as the most\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Ek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5840946\",\n \"text\": \"thirteen. It also reached number 55 in the UK Singles Chart. The song is highly popular on the radio; according to the performing-rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), it became the most-played song of all time on American radio in 1997 with over 7 million airplays (all versions), overtaking the Beatles' \\\"Yesterday\\\". At the end of 1999, the song was ranked by the BMI as the most-played song of the 20th century, having been broadcast more than 8 million times on American radio and television, and it remains the most-played song, having accumulated almost 15 million airplays in the US\",\n \"title\": \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17139241\",\n \"text\": \"with YouTube\\\". The first number-one song on the chart was \\\"Thrift Shop\\\" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz on January 19, 2013. Source: Source: Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in\",\n \"title\": \"Streaming Songs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17119925\",\n \"text\": \"Country Airplay Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine in the United States since January 20, 1990. This chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings. The first number-one song was \\\"Nobody's Home\\\" by Clint Black. The current number-one song, as of the chart dated December 22, 2018, is \\\"Speechless\\\" by Dan + Shay. Throughout its history of ranking country songs by popularity, \\\"Billboard\\\" has had several different airplay-only charts to measure the top-played songs on radio stations.\",\n \"title\": \"Country Airplay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9685894\",\n \"text\": \"UK number-one single. It also became Harris's highest-charting solo single on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, peaking at number seven. \\\"Summer\\\" was Spotify's most-streamed track of 2014 with over 200 million streams. Harris also produced the single \\\"I Will Never Let You Down\\\" for British singer, Rita Ora. On 18 May 2014, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, two weeks after his song, \\\"Summer\\\", debuted at the top of the charts. In April 2014, Harris performed on the main stage of Coachella Festival. His set attracted the second largest crowd in the festival's history, topped\",\n \"title\": \"Calvin Harris\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19798177\",\n \"text\": \"Love\\\" which served as the first promotional single for the album. The single rose in popularity after being used in an Extra gum commercial that became a viral sensation online. The single has since peaked at number 16 on the US AC chart, selling approximately 200,000 units as of May 2016, and having been streamed more than 32,000,000 times on Spotify, making it her most streamed single through the streaming service. The single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on February 17, 2017. Reinhart's third studio album, \\\"What's That Sound?\\\", was released September 22, 2017 through\",\n \"title\": \"Haley Reinhart discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19800090\",\n \"text\": \"in-built, so judicious use of the skip function is required, but this is high-quality filler.\\\" Worldwide, on the day of its release, \\\"More Life\\\" broke streaming records on both Spotify and Apple Music. The tracks of the album achieved a total of 61.3 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 56.7 million for \\\"÷\\\" by Ed Sheeran, in early March 2017. On Apple Music, the tracks of the album achieved a total of 89.9 million streams on the day of release (not including the number of listeners during the \\\"OVO Sound Radio\\\" debut of\",\n \"title\": \"More Life\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19942722\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"÷\\\", following \\\"Shape of You\\\" and \\\"Castle on the Hill\\\". The next week, \\\"Perfect\\\" hit top five on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming the second-highest-charting hit from his album \\\"÷\\\", following \\\"Shape of You\\\". \\\"Perfect\\\" became Sheeran's third top five hit overall; his first, \\\"Thinking Out Loud\\\", rose to number two in 2015. \\\"Perfect\\\" remained at number three on Digital Song Sales (60,000, down 6 percent) and powered 10–6 on Radio Songs (80 million, up 10 percent) and 38–15 on Streaming Songs (18.9 million, up 61 percent). On 4 December 2017, \\\"Perfect\\\" pushed to a new number three \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot\",\n \"title\": \"Perfect (Ed Sheeran song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15780786\",\n \"text\": \"and started to be his best friend because he helped Jose to write the new song, along with the single \\\"Ay Vamos\\\", bolstered sales of his album \\\"La Familia\\\" (2014). In 2016, he released \\\"Energia\\\", which included the hit singles \\\"Ginza\\\", \\\"Bobo\\\", \\\"Safari\\\", and \\\"Sigo Extranandote\\\". In June 2017, J Balvin released the single \\\"Mi Gente\\\" with Willy William. On 1 August 2017, \\\"Mi Gente\\\" topped the Global Top 50 on Spotify, and later reached one billion views on YouTube. In January 2018, he released the hit single \\\"Machika\\\" featuring Jeon and Anitta. He collaborated with Cardi B and Bad\",\n \"title\": \"J Balvin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18391331\",\n \"text\": \"year. Later the same month, the song was voted into Triple J's Hottest 100 at number 6. Ronson won two Grammy Awards in February 2016, including Record of the Year for \\\"Uptown Funk.\\\" The song is reported to earn $100,000 for the label and composers per week for streaming on Spotify alone and has more than three billion completed views on YouTube. The song had sold over twenty million equivalent units as of 2015. On 29 November 2014, \\\"Uptown Funk\\\" debuted at number 63 on the Canadian Hot 100. On the issue dated 10 January 2015, the song reached number\",\n \"title\": \"Uptown Funk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19930542\",\n \"text\": \"the UK. \\\"Shape of You\\\" was the best selling-song of 2017 and the best selling digital song worldwide, with combined sales and track-equivalent streams of 26.6 million units according to IFPI. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. Currently, \\\"Billboard\\\" has ranked \\\"Shape of You\\\" as the ninth most successful song of all-time, as the magazine celebrated the Hot 100's 60th anniversary. The song was the last song written for Sheeran's third album \\\"÷\\\". On 6 January 2017, when hosting \\\"The Radio 1 Breakfast Show\\\", Sheeran revealed that \\\"Shape of\",\n \"title\": \"Shape of You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672586\",\n \"text\": \"New Zealand and parts of Africa and Asia. It is available for most modern devices, including Windows, macOS, and Linux computers, iOS, Windows Phone and Android smartphones and tablets, as well as TVs via factory-installed means, Roku Players, Amazon Fire TV devices, the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One home consoles. Music can be browsed through or searched for by parameters such as artist, album, genre, playlist, or record label. Users can create, edit, and share playlists and tracks on social media, and make playlists with other users. Spotify provides access to more than 40 million songs. As of\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17750571\",\n \"text\": \"ten, marking Clean Bandit's and Glynne's first US top 10. The song was a remarkable success worldwide, topping the charts in 13 different countries. Upon its release \\\"Rather Be\\\" held the record for the most streams in a single week on Spotify in the United Kingdom. The track received 1.09 million plays over seven days in February 2014, surpassing the record previously held by Daft Punk's \\\"Get Lucky\\\", although this record has now been surpassed. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. It became the fasting-selling single of 2014, selling 163,000 copies in its first week.\",\n \"title\": \"Rather Be\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16196473\",\n \"text\": \"performance of \\\"Set Fire to the Rain\\\" by Adele, respectively. On December 11, 2012, \\\"Call Me Maybe\\\" was named \\\"Song of the Year\\\" for 2012 by MTV. In its 2012 Year-End issue, \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine ranked this song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts, in each case behind \\\"Somebody That I Used to Know\\\", by Gotye featuring Kimbra. The song was also ranked number one by the Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop poll, which compiles the votes of music critics from all over the United States. The song was the best-selling single worldwide\",\n \"title\": \"Call Me Maybe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13241678\",\n \"text\": \"by Vevo because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. Both the YouTube and Vevo records were eventually eclipsed by Taylor Swift's \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" on August 27, 2017, which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours. On November 30, 2018, Ariana Grande's \\\"Thank U, Next\\\" beat Swift's record, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours, as well as beating BTS' \\\"Idol\\\" YouTube record of 45 million views. Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber, and Miley Cyrus have all broken the record twice. List of videos which held the record for most\",\n \"title\": \"Vevo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"844074\",\n \"text\": \"mixed reviews. The album topped the charts in the UK, the US and most major markets. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album, and \\\"A Sky Full of Stars\\\" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. In December 2014, Spotify named Coldplay the most-streamed band in the world for 2014, and third most-streamed artist behind Ed Sheeran and Eminem. On 4 December 2014, Chris Martin announced in an interview with Zane Lowe on BBC Radio 1 that Coldplay are in the middle of working on their seventh studio album, \\\"A Head Full of Dreams\\\". Martin stated\",\n \"title\": \"Coldplay\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18407434\",\n \"text\": \"sales of his second album \\\"Born Sinner\\\" (2013), by 74,000 copies (297,000 copies). In addition to the album's sales toppling early projections by over 100,000 copies, \\\"2014 Forest Hills Drive\\\" also broke One Direction's record for most album streams on Spotify, being streamed over 15.7 million times in its first week, compared to One Direction's 11.5 million streams. Drake later broke this record with 17.3 million streams for his mixtape \\\"If You're Reading This It's Too Late\\\". In its second week, the album sold 135,000 more copies. Cole became one of only six rappers to reach number one with their\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Forest Hills Drive\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7400471\",\n \"text\": \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time lists. In 2010, MTV Portugal ranked Eminem the seventh-biggest icon in pop-music history. He was the bestselling artist from 2000 to 2009 in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan, and has sold 47.4 million albums in the country. With global sales of 220 million records, he is one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Eminem has over ten billion views of his music videos on his YouTube Vevo page. In 2010, Eminem's music generated 94 million streams (more than any other musical artist), and in May 2014 Spotify called him the most-streamed\",\n \"title\": \"Eminem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1453552\",\n \"text\": \"4 weeks (as of 24 May) and the Spotify music streaming website reported that the song is the most-streamed new song in the service's history. At the \\\"2013 MTV Video Music Awards\\\", Daft Punk debuted a trailer for their single \\\"Lose Yourself to Dance,\\\" and presented the award for \\\"Best Female Video\\\" alongside Rodgers and Pharrell. For the 56th Annual Grammy Awards, \\\"Random Access Memories\\\" was awarded the Grammy for Best Dance/Electronica Album, Album of the Year and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, while \\\"Get Lucky\\\" received the Grammy for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and the Record of the Year. Daft\",\n \"title\": \"Daft Punk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13011687\",\n \"text\": \"up with various promotional videos. On October 15, \\\"One Dance\\\" became Spotify's most-streamed song ever, amassing over 882 million plays . \\\"Views\\\" was previewed in London, before its premiere on Beats 1 a day later. It was released as an Apple Music and iTunes exclusive on April 29, before being made available to various other platforms later that week. \\\"Views\\\" would become Drake's most commercially successful album, sitting atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks, as well as simultaneously leading the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 for eight weeks. It also achieved double-platinum status in the US,\",\n \"title\": \"Drake (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20768773\",\n \"text\": \"Memorial Park, in Boca Raton, Florida. On June 19, the day after Onfroy’s death, \\\"Billboard\\\" reported that Taylor Swift's Spotify single-day streaming record for \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" was broken by Onfroy's track \\\"Sad!\\\", with over 10.4 million streams compared to Swift's 10.1 million streams. This was followed by a 16-fold sales increase across all streaming and download platforms, including a 7000-fold sales increase in CDs on Amazon.com. Onfroy's album \\\"?\\\" was expected to return to the top five the week of his death following his murder, ultimately reaching number three with 90,000 album-equivalent units sold, up from\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of XXXTentacion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17960231\",\n \"text\": \"Harmony's duet with Pitbull, was released as the third single from the Spotify 11-track re-release of the album, and charted in some Spanish-speaking countries. The group also released \\\"Can You See\\\", a song from the soundtrack to \\\"The Star\\\", and later released a Spotify-exclusive EP, \\\"Spotify Singles\\\", which included exclusive live performances of \\\"He Like That\\\" and \\\"Can You See\\\", as well as a cover of Calvin Harris' \\\"Feels\\\". Their 2016 hit, \\\"Work from Home\\\" featuring Ty Dolla $ign remains the most viewed girl group music video on YouTube and 30th overall with more than 1.9 billion views. \\\"That's My\",\n \"title\": \"Fifth Harmony discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12672647\",\n \"text\": \"claims, for instance, that the Sandy Hook Massacre where 20 children were killed in 2012 was a government hoax. It has, however, decided to remove some of his media content. Spotify Spotify Ltd. () is a music streaming platform developed by Swedish company Spotify Technology S.A., headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Launched on 7 October 2008, it is currently (as of 14 November 2018) available in 78 countries and regions throughout the world. It provides DRM-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with\",\n \"title\": \"Spotify\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"522227\",\n \"text\": \"Shaped Rock and Roll. In 2004 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. , \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" is the second most played song on British radio, in clubs and on jukeboxes collectively, after Procol Harum's \\\"A Whiter Shade of Pale\\\". On 30 September 2007 for BBC Radio 1's 40th birthday, it was revealed on \\\"The Radio 1 Chart Show\\\" that \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" had been the most played song since Radio 1's launch. In December 2018, \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" officially became the most-streamed song from the 20th century, surpassing Nirvana's “Smells Like Teen Spirit” and Guns N' Roses' “Sweet Child\",\n \"title\": \"Bohemian Rhapsody\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17477830\",\n \"text\": \"also set airplay records in both of the charts, by becoming the most weekly-played song in history, with 16,065 and 5,309 plays per week, respectively. The song has also reached the top spot on both the Adult contemporary chart and Hot Dance Club Songs. In addition to this, the track also reached number one on both the On Demand and Streaming charts, with a weekly peak of 2.1 million and 12 million, respectively. \\\"Roar\\\" surpassed digital sales of four million in its seventeenth week, faster than any other song in digital history. Its sales reached 4.41 million by the end\",\n \"title\": \"Roar (song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the most played song ever on spotify"}}},{"rowIdx":282,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Mark Lenard"],"string":"[\n \"Mark Lenard\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"3772574","text":"Mark Lenard Mark Lenard (born Leonard Rosenson, October 15, 1924 – November 22, 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television. His most famous role was as Sarek, father of the popular character Spock, in the science fiction \"Star Trek\" franchise, in both and , as well as three films and two episodes of \"\". He also played a Klingon in \"Star Trek The Motion Picture\", and a Romulan in an episode of \"\". Lenard was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of a Russian Jewish immigrant, Abraham, and his wife, Bessie, but was raised in the small town of","title":"Mark Lenard"},{"id":"3772580","text":"Boys in Autumn\". Lenard played a late middle-aged Huck Finn who re-encounters his childhood friend Tom Sawyer after a lifetime apart. Koenig played Sawyer. Lenard died of multiple myeloma in New York City in 1996 at the age of 72. Mark Lenard Mark Lenard (born Leonard Rosenson, October 15, 1924 – November 22, 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television. His most famous role was as Sarek, father of the popular character Spock, in the science fiction \"Star Trek\" franchise, in both and , as well as three films and two episodes of \"\". He also played a Klingon","title":"Mark Lenard"},{"id":"1288046","text":"Sarek Sarek is a fictional character in the \"Star Trek\" media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, and father of Spock. The character was originally played by Mark Lenard in the episode \"Journey to Babel\" (1967) (Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, \"Balance of Terror\") (1966). Lenard later voiced Sarek in the , and appeared in Star Trek movies and the series \"\". Actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in \"\", with voice-over provided by Lenard. Ben Cross portrayed","title":"Sarek"},{"id":"1288061","text":"following episodes and films: Sarek Sarek is a fictional character in the \"Star Trek\" media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, and father of Spock. The character was originally played by Mark Lenard in the episode \"Journey to Babel\" (1967) (Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, \"Balance of Terror\") (1966). Lenard later voiced Sarek in the , and appeared in Star Trek movies and the series \"\". Actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in \"\", with voice-over provided by","title":"Sarek"},{"id":"3108597","text":"mysterious recurring character named Eric Renard. He appeared in the second season of \"Gotham\" as Azrael. He currently portrays Sarek, the father of Spock, on \"\", the second prequel TV series in the Star Trek franchise. In 2004, Frain married director Marta Cunningham; they have two children. In his spare time, he is an amateur artist. James Frain James Dominic Frain (born 14 March 1968) is an English stage and screen actor. His best known roles include those of Thomas Cromwell in the TV series \"The Tudors\" (2007–2009), vampire Franklin Mott in season three of the HBO drama \"True Blood\",","title":"James Frain"},{"id":"3772576","text":"Nothing\". In the mid-1960s, he moved his family to Los Angeles, where he played one of the Three Wise Men in the biblical epic \"The Greatest Story Ever Told\" (1965). Lenard is best known for his appearances in the \"Star Trek\" franchise, particularly in the role of Sarek, the father of Spock (Leonard Nimoy). However, his first Star Trek appearance was in the first season of \"\", playing the first Romulan ever seen in the series, in the episode \"Balance of Terror\" (1966). He originated the character of Sarek in the second-season episode \"Journey to Babel\" (1967), and provided the","title":"Mark Lenard"},{"id":"8826770","text":"make appearances. Several actors from \"Here Come the Brides\" had also appeared on \"Star Trek\". Mark Lenard played Aaron Stemple, whom the novel implies was Spock's ancestor. Lenard also played the role of Sarek, Spock's father, in the original \"Star Trek\" TV series, as well as a Romulan commander in the episode \"Balance of Terror\" (the first time the Romulans are seen in the series). The actor playing Jason Bolt (the eldest brother) was Robert Brown who played \"Lazarus\" in the \"Star Trek\" episode \"The Alternative Factor.\" The actor playing Joshua Bolt (a younger brother) was David Soul who played","title":"Ishmael (Star Trek)"},{"id":"895514","text":"final role in the film consists of one line of dialogue and a reaction shot. Mark Lenard and Jane Wyatt play Spock's parents, Ambassador Sarek and Amanda Grayson, respectively, with Wyatt reprising the role she had previously played in the 1967 episode \"Journey to Babel\". Wyatt commented that although she generally disliked working with actors who were directing, she found Nimoy an exception because he could concentrate on being part of the cast as well as setting up the crew. Robin Curtis reprises the role of Saavik, a Starfleet lieutenant. Saavik's role is minimal in the film—originally, she was intended","title":"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home"},{"id":"4142122","text":"played both Spock's father and his maternal ancestor. Jane Wyatt who played Spock's mother in the original series, made a guest appearance in the show's second season. She did not have any scenes with Mark Lenard. Aside from Lenard, other \"Star Trek\" guest cast members were series regulars: Robert Brown (both of the Lazaruses in \"The Alternative Factor\"), David Soul (Makora in \"\"), and semi-regular Carole Shelyne (the visible representation of a Metron in \"\", whose voice Vic Perrin provided in that installment). Here Come the Brides Here Come the Brides is an American comedy Western series from Screen Gems","title":"Here Come the Brides"},{"id":"1961781","text":"new form of life that disappears into another dimension. With Earth saved, Kirk directs \"Enterprise\" out to space for future missions. Other actors from the television series who returned included Majel Barrett as Christine Chapel, a doctor aboard the \"Enterprise\", and Grace Lee Whitney as Janice Rand, formerly one of Kirk's yeomen. David Gautreaux, who had been cast as Xon in the aborted second television series, cameos as Branch, the commander of the Epsilon 9 communications station. Mark Lenard portrays the Klingon commander in the film's opening sequence; the actor also played Spock's father, Sarek, in the television series and","title":"Star Trek: The Motion Picture"},{"id":"1659351","text":"and was impressed by his ability to play powerful villains. Lloyd was given the role of Kruge, a Klingon interested in securing the powerful secrets of Genesis for use as a weapon. Nimoy said that Lloyd brought a welcome element of theatricality to the role. Mark Lenard plays Sarek, Spock's father and a Vulcan ambassador. Lenard had previously played the role in the \"\" episode \"Journey to Babel\" and the \"\" episode \"\". Merritt Butrick reprises his role as David Marcus, Kirk's son and a scientist who had helped develop the Genesis Device, from \"The Wrath of Khan\". Other roles","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"id":"3219077","text":"Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series) \"Yesteryear\" is the second episode of the first season of the animated American science fiction television series \"\". It first aired in the NBC Saturday morning lineup on September 15, 1973, and was written by veteran \"\" writer D. C. Fontana. \"Yesteryear\" marked the return of actor Mark Lenard to the role of Spock's father, Sarek. In this episode, \"Enterprise\" First Officer Spock must travel in time to his childhood and keep his younger self from dying and being replaced by an Andorian on his ship. On stardate 5373.4, Captain Kirk and Spock return","title":"Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series)"},{"id":"4142121","text":"(spelled \"Stemple\" in the book) before he could thwart an attempted 19th-century alien invasion of Earth. During most of the story, Spock has lost his memory and is cared for by Stempel, who passes him off as his nephew \"Ishmael\" and helps him hide his alien origins. At the end of the story, Captain Kirk discovers that Stempel was one of Spock's mother's ancestors, a reference to the fact that Mark Lenard also played Spock's father Sarek in episodes of the original \"Star Trek\" and \"\", as well as several of the \"Star Trek\" motion pictures. In that sense, Lenard","title":"Here Come the Brides"},{"id":"644318","text":"Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the \"Star Trek\" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013. Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title role in \"Kid Monk Baroni\". Foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"644378","text":"Friendship with a Remarkable Man\". The book was released on February 16, 2016. Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the \"Star Trek\" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013. Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"6907898","text":"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"Sarek\" is the 23rd episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\", and the 71st episode overall. It was originally released on May 14, 1990, in broadcast syndication. The story for the episode was created by Marc Cushman and Jake Jacobs, with the teleplay written by Peter S. Beagle. \"Sarek\" was directed by Les Landau. In this episode, Sarek (Mark Lenard), the father of Spock and a highly regarded but elderly ambassador, is ferried by the \"Enterprise\" on his final mission for the Federation. While he is aboard the ship, the","title":"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"},{"id":"11795853","text":"Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller \"Joshua\" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' \"Star Trek\". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia (then in the Soviet Union). Kogan has two younger siblings; a sister, Sasha (born March 1997) and a brother, Leo (born May 2006). His mother's family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania and","title":"Jacob Kogan"},{"id":"18251438","text":"Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond is a 2016 American space opera film directed by Justin Lin and written by Simon Pegg and Doug Jung, based on the television series \"Star Trek\" created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the thirteenth film in the \"Star Trek\" film franchise and the third installment in the reboot series, following \"Star Trek\" (2009) and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013). Chris Pine and Zachary Quinto reprise their respective roles as Captain James T. Kirk and Commander Spock, with Pegg, Karl Urban, Zoe Saldana, John Cho, and Anton Yelchin reprising their roles from the previous films.","title":"Star Trek Beyond"},{"id":"6907905","text":"current wife Perrin. With the conference successfully completed, Sarek prepares to take his leave. Picard lets Perrin know of Sarek's love for her, and Perrin says she has always known it. Sarek thanks Picard for his kindness, and with deep respect states: \"We will always retain the best part of the other, inside us.\" Following creator Gene Roddenberry's suggestion that \"The Next Generation\" would be unable to afford an appearance by Leonard Nimoy as Spock, it was suggested in a memo that Mark Lenard could appear as Spock's on-screen father, Sarek. Lenard had made his first appearance as Sarek in","title":"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"},{"id":"7752865","text":"Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot \"Star Trek\" (2009) and its sequels \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in \"\". His other film roles include \"Margin Call\", \"What's Your Number?\", \"\", \"Snowden\", and \"Hotel Artemis\". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as \"So NoTORIous\", \"The Slap\", and \"24\". Quinto was born in Pittsburgh,","title":"Zachary Quinto"},{"id":"644382","text":"troubled childhood due to his mixed heritage. On his homeworld, he was repeatedly bullied and tormented by full-blooded Vulcan children, who wished to incite the emotions of his human nature. For a time, he grew up alongside his older half-brother Sybok, until the older brother was cast out for rejecting logic. In the episode \"Amok Time\", it is revealed that Spock became betrothed to T'Pring (Arlene Martel) during his childhood. Sarek supported Spock's scientific learning and supporting his application to the Vulcan Science Academy, as mentioned in \"Journey to Babel\". In the 2009 film \"Star Trek\", Spock is seen rejecting","title":"Spock"},{"id":"644422","text":"show him their work and discuss it with him as if he were a scientific peer, as opposed to an actor, photographer, and poet. His stock response in these situations was \"it certainly looks like you're headed in the right direction\". In 2004, Spock was ranked number 21 in Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest TV Characters. In 2008, UGO named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters. According to Shatner, much of \"Star Trek\"s acting praise and media interest went to Nimoy. In 2016, Adam Nimoy released his documentary film \"For the Love of Spock\", about his father","title":"Spock"},{"id":"17031204","text":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 1) The first season of the American science fiction television series . premiered on NBC on September 8, 1966 and concluded on April 13, 1967. It consisted of twenty-nine episodes, which is the highest number of episodes in a season of The Original Series of \"Star Trek\". Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. This article also","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 1)"},{"id":"17031207","text":"the second season of . <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Paramount Home Entertainment. Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2) The second and penultimate season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 15, 1967 and concluded on March 29, 1968. It consisted of twenty-six episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2)"},{"id":"11892881","text":"or \"\"TOS\"\" debuted in the United States on NBC on September 8, 1966. The show tells the tale of the crew of the starship \"Enterprise\" and its five-year mission \"to boldly go where no man has gone before.\" The original 1966–69 television series featured William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock, DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy, James Doohan as Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott, Nichelle Nichols as Uhura, George Takei as Hikaru Sulu, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. During the series' original run, it earned several nominations for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation","title":"Star Trek"},{"id":"17031206","text":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2) The second and penultimate season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 15, 1967 and concluded on March 29, 1968. It consisted of twenty-six episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. The season originally aired Fridays at 8:30-9:30 pm (EST) on NBC. This is a list of episodes from","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2)"},{"id":"17031208","text":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3) The third and final season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 20, 1968 and concluded on June 3, 1969. It consisted of twenty-four episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. This is the first season to air after NBC moved the show from 8:30 P.M. to 10 P.M.","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3)"},{"id":"2795395","text":"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \"Unification\" is a two-part episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series \"\", from the , which features Leonard Nimoy as Spock. It earned a 15.4 household Nielsen rating, drawing over 25 million viewers, making it one of the most watched episodes in all seven seasons of \"The Next Generation\"s run. Hearing that legendary Starfleet officer Spock may have defected to the Romulan Empire, Picard travels to Vulcan to talk to Spock's father, former ambassador Sarek, who is near death from the ravages of Bendii Syndrome. In a rare lucid moment, Sarek discloses","title":"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"},{"id":"7752880","text":"serious accusation that he attempted to molest one.\" Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series \"Heroes\" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot \"Star Trek\" (2009) and its sequels \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in \"\". His other film roles include \"Margin Call\", \"What's Your Number?\", \"\", \"Snowden\", and \"Hotel Artemis\". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as \"So NoTORIous\", \"The","title":"Zachary Quinto"},{"id":"644379","text":"Spock Spock is a fictional character in the \"Star Trek\" media franchise. Spock was first portrayed by Leonard Nimoy in the , and also appears in the , a two-part episode of \"\", eight of the \"Star Trek\" feature films, and numerous Star Trek novels, comics, and video games. In addition, numerous actors portrayed the various stages of Spock's rapid growth, due to the effects of the Genesis Planet, in the 1984 Star Trek film \"\". In the 2009 film \"Star Trek\", Nimoy reprised his role with Zachary Quinto, who depicted a younger version of the character, existing within an","title":"Spock"},{"id":"644407","text":"known mention of Spock was in a conversation between \"Star Trek\"s creator Gene Roddenberry and actor Gary Lockwood, in which Lockwood suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. The trio had previously worked together on Roddenberry's \"The Lieutenant\" in the episode \"In the Highest Tradition\". Roddenberry agreed to the idea, but was required to audition other actors for the part. At the time, Roddenberry sought DeForest Kelley to play the doctor character in the pilot, \"The Cage\", but both NBC executives and director Robert Butler wanted him to play Spock. Roddenberry offered the part to both Kelley and Martin Landau, but","title":"Spock"},{"id":"18251475","text":"sci-fi popcorn movie in an increasingly crowded market, that will likely have you leaving the theatre feeling exactly as you entered.\" Chris Nashawaty of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a C+ and wrote, \"[w]ith \"Beyond\", it feels like just another summer tentpole with not enough going on underneath the tent.\" Pine and Quinto have signed contracts to return as Kirk and Spock for a fourth film should one be made. In July 2016, Abrams confirmed plans for a fourth film and stated that Chris Hemsworth would return as Kirk's father, George, whom he played in the prologue of the first","title":"Star Trek Beyond"},{"id":"644380","text":"alternate timeline. Both reprised their roles in the 2013 sequel \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" and Quinto reprised his role again in 2016's \"Star Trek Beyond\". Spock serves aboard the starship \"Enterprise\", as science officer and first officer, and later as commanding officer of two iterations of the vessel. Spock's mixed human-Vulcan heritage serves as an important plot element in many of the character's appearances. Along with Captain James T. Kirk and Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy, he is one of the three central characters in the original \"Star Trek\" series and its films. After retiring from Starfleet, Spock serves as a","title":"Spock"},{"id":"6382982","text":"Orion Starfleet cadet; Deep Roy as Scotty's alien (Royla) assistant Keenser; and Paul McGillion as a Starfleet barracks leader. Chris Doohan, the son of the original Scotty, James Doohan, makes a cameo appearance in the transporter room as Lt. Kyle. Some characters had their scenes substantially or entirely cut from the film, including Brad William Henke as Kirk's stepfather (the character's lines in the film were provided by Greg Grunberg). Spencer Daniels originally played Kirk's older brother, George Samuel \"Sam\" Kirk, Jr., but the majority of his scenes were cut and the opening car chase scene where Kirk can be","title":"Star Trek (film)"},{"id":"7058275","text":"\"Trek\" storylines. The character Hiro Nakamura on NBC's \"Heroes\" likes to describe his ability to teleport as \"like \"Star Trek\"\", and has often performed Mr. Spock's Vulcan salute. His father is played by original \"Star Trek\" cast member George Takei (Sulu). Additionally, Nichelle Nichols, who portrayed Uhura on \"The Original Series\" also appears on the series. Over a dozen actors from various \"Star Trek\" series have made guest appearances on one or the other of the \"Stargate\" series. In those series, Colonel Jack O'Neill makes unsuccessful pitches to name new space vessels after the \"Enterprise\", and also gives the Vulcan","title":"Cultural influence of Star Trek"},{"id":"6382969","text":"Star Trek (film) Star Trek is a 2009 American space opera film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman. It is the eleventh film in the \"Star Trek\" film franchise, and is also a reboot that features the main characters of the portrayed by a new cast, as the first in the rebooted film series. The film follows James T. Kirk (Chris Pine) and Spock (Zachary Quinto) aboard USS \"Enterprise\" as they combat Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets. The story takes place in an","title":"Star Trek (film)"},{"id":"6382981","text":"what feels right instead of what is logical. Spock remains in Starfleet, becoming first officer under Kirk's command. \"Enterprise\" goes to warp as the elder Spock speaks the \"where no one has gone before\" monologue. Chris Hemsworth plays George Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk's father, who dies aboard USS \"Kelvin\" while battling Nero. Mark Wahlberg was also approached for the role. Faran Tahir plays \"Kelvin\" captain Richard Robau. Winona Kirk, Kirk's mother, is played by Jennifer Morrison. Greg Ellis plays Chief Engineer Olson, the redshirt who is killed during the space jump. Additional minor roles include Rachel Nichols as Gaila, an","title":"Star Trek (film)"},{"id":"358492","text":"by the main cast's stunt doubles. Initially, the entire principal cast of \"The Original Series\" was featured in the film's first script, but only three members appeared in the film: William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, James Doohan as Montgomery Scott, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. Leonard Nimoy and DeForest Kelley declined to appear as Spock and Leonard McCoy. Nimoy (who was offered the job of directing the film) felt that there were story problems with the script and that Spock's role was extraneous—\"I said to everybody concerned [...] that if you took the dozen or so lines","title":"Star Trek Generations"},{"id":"17632871","text":"released in July 2016. Chris Doohan Christopher Doohan (born June 28, 1959) is a Canadian actor, one of the sons of Star Trek actor James Doohan. Chris and his twin brother, Montgomery, made uncredited appearances as background extras in the first \"\". Upon hearing that the role of Montgomery Scott would be recast for J.J. Abrams' film, Star Trek fans started a campaign asking other fans to write to Paramount Pictures in an attempt to persuade the studio and the filmmakers to allow either Chris or his brother, Montgomery, to play their father's role in the film, or, at the","title":"Chris Doohan"},{"id":"358195","text":"Star Trek: The Original Series Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) to distinguish the show within the media franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s. The ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), first officer and science officer Spock (Leonard Nimoy), and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley). Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series"},{"id":"4416603","text":"characterization and plot issues correctable. The main issue was whether the producers wanted to do a show with time travel. Meanwhile, Ganino and Stillwell struck up a friendship and began to develop ideas for other episodes. Gene Roddenberry had distributed a memo that said the return of Leonard Nimoy as Spock would be unlikely due to financial considerations, and suggested that a reasonable alternative would be to feature Mark Lenard, who played Spock's father Sarek. During the same period, Stillwell met Denise Crosby – who played Tasha Yar in the series' first season – at a 1989 fan convention in","title":"Yesterday's Enterprise"},{"id":"19023732","text":"For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and","title":"For the Love of Spock"},{"id":"19023736","text":"of the film was screened on April 16, 2016, at the Tribeca Film Festival. It was followed by a panel composed of Adam Nimoy, Zachary Quinto, producer David Zappone, \"Access Hollywood\" and critic Scott Mantz, within \"Variety\"'s Gordon Cox as moderator. The finished documentary's release was expected later in 2016. On June 2, 2016, it was announced that the worldwide rights to the documentary had been acquired by Gravitas Ventures, and the film was scheduled for U.S. theatrical release and VOD day-and-date on September 9, one day after the 50th anniversary of the Original Series. Since that date, the film","title":"For the Love of Spock"},{"id":"644334","text":"the end of the \"Star Trek\" series) at the Pheasant Run Playhouse in St. Charles, Illinois. Nimoy was best known for his portrayal of Spock, the half-human, half-Vulcan character he played on \"Star Trek\" from the first TV episode, in 1966, to the film \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" in 2013. Biographer Dennis Fischer states that it was Nimoy's \"most important role,\" and Nimoy was later credited by others for bringing \"dignity and intelligence to one of the most revered characters in science fiction.\" The character was to become iconic, considered one of the most popular alien characters ever portrayed on","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"17632868","text":"Chris Doohan Christopher Doohan (born June 28, 1959) is a Canadian actor, one of the sons of Star Trek actor James Doohan. Chris and his twin brother, Montgomery, made uncredited appearances as background extras in the first \"\". Upon hearing that the role of Montgomery Scott would be recast for J.J. Abrams' film, Star Trek fans started a campaign asking other fans to write to Paramount Pictures in an attempt to persuade the studio and the filmmakers to allow either Chris or his brother, Montgomery, to play their father's role in the film, or, at the very least, to be","title":"Chris Doohan"},{"id":"6630465","text":"for a fourth film. In July 2016, Abrams confirmed plans for a fourth film, and stated that Chris Hemsworth would return as Kirk's father, George, whom he played in the prologue of the first film. Later that month, Paramount confirmed the return of Hemsworth as well as most of the \"Beyond\" cast, producers Abrams and Lindsey Weber, and writers J. D. Payne and Patrick McKay. That same month, Abrams had said that Chekov would not be recast, after Anton Yelchin died in a motor vehicle incident. In December 2017, Deadline Hollywood reported that Quentin Tarantino is currently working on the","title":"Star Trek (film series)"},{"id":"2969766","text":"Christopher and Michael Ward (according to an obituary in \"The Washington Post\", a third son died in infancy in the early 1940s); three grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren. Jane Wyatt Jane Waddington Wyatt (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series, \"Father Knows Best\", and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series \"\". Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner. Wyatt was","title":"Jane Wyatt"},{"id":"11795855","text":"\"Delocated\" as David. He guest-starred on \"\" in 2011 in the episode \"Blood Brothers\" as Tripp Raines. His most recent acting role to date was Luca Jameson in the science fiction series \"The Tomorrow People\". Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller \"Joshua\" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' \"Star Trek\". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia","title":"Jacob Kogan"},{"id":"7093537","text":"text include: In the mid-1960s, actor Leonard Nimoy, who was raised in a traditional Jewish home, used a single-handed version of this gesture to create the Vulcan salute for his character, Spock, on \"\". He has explained that while attending Orthodox services as a child, he peeked from under his father's tallit and saw the gesture; many years later, when introducing the character of Mr. Spock, he and series creator Gene Roddenberry thought a physical component should accompany the verbal \"Live long and prosper\" greeting. The Jewish priestly gesture looked sufficiently alien and mysterious, and became part of \"Star Trek\"","title":"Priestly Blessing"},{"id":"2969757","text":"Jane Wyatt Jane Waddington Wyatt (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series, \"Father Knows Best\", and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series \"\". Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner. Wyatt was born on August 12, 1910, in Mahwah, New Jersey, but raised in Manhattan. Her father, Christopher Billopp Wyatt, Jr., was a Wall Street investment banker, and her","title":"Jane Wyatt"},{"id":"1659335","text":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Star Trek III: The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by Leonard Nimoy and based on the created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the third film in the \"Star Trek\" film series, and is the second part of a three-film story arc that begins with \"\" (1982) and concludes with \"\" (1986). After the death of Spock (Nimoy), the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\" returns to Earth. When James T. Kirk (William Shatner) learns that Spock's spirit, or katra, is held in the mind of Dr. Leonard \"Bones\"","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"id":"4023965","text":"as far as he is concerned, Spock is still alive and well working on Romulus (as seen in the two-part episode \"\" of \"\"). Nimoy played Spock again (alongside a younger Spock played by Zachary Quinto) in the 2009 film \"Star Trek\" and the 2013 film \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", both directed by J. J. Abrams. I Am Spock I Am Spock is the second volume of actor and director Leonard Nimoy's autobiography. The book was published in 1995, four years after the release of the last \"Star Trek\" motion picture starring the entire original cast, and covers the majority","title":"I Am Spock"},{"id":"1659422","text":"in \"Star Trek: Original Motion Picture Collection\". \"The Search for Spock\" was remastered in 1080p high-definition from the 2000 DVD transfer. All six films in the set have new 7.1 Dolby TrueHD audio. The disc features a new commentary track by former \"\", \"\", and \"\" television writers Ronald D. Moore and Michael Taylor. The film was briefly removed from Netflix in August 2013 because of inaccurately translated Klingon and Vulcan subtitles. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Star Trek III: The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by Leonard Nimoy and based on","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"id":"644399","text":"the doors, that allowed us to begin to embrace our past\". Spock appears in \"\" (1991), a two-part episode of \"Star Trek: The Next Generation\". Set 75 years after the events of \"The Undiscovered Country\", the episode focuses on Federation Ambassador Spock's attempt to reunite the Romulans with their Vulcan brethren. Filming of \"The Undiscovered Country\" overlapped with production of this episode, and the episode references Spock's role in the film. Spock's next appearance in the live action \"Star Trek\" franchise is the 2009 \"Star Trek\" film. Nimoy was given approval rights over Spock's casting and supported Quinto's casting. In","title":"Spock"},{"id":"19023733","text":"people connected with \"Star Trek\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points, \"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It’s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \"\"’s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \"Star Trek\" fans prompted him to widen the film’s scope to encompass his father’s","title":"For the Love of Spock"},{"id":"644381","text":"Federation ambassador, contributing toward the easing of the strained relationship between the Federation and the Klingon Empire. In his later years, he serves as Federation Ambassador-at-Large to the Romulan Star Empire and becomes involved in the ill-fated attempt to save Romulus from a supernova, leading him to live out the rest of his life in the parallel timeline introduced in \"Star Trek\" (2009). Spock's backstory has been explained during the course of several episodes of \"\", the 2009 film \"Star Trek\" and the episode \"\" of \"\". Born to the Vulcan Sarek and the human Amanda Grayson, Spock has a","title":"Spock"},{"id":"1659346","text":"to Vulcan. Nimoy recalled that not only was he in the scene, but his eyes are closed, making it difficult to judge the quality of the shot or the actor's performance: \"It drove DeForest Kelley crazy. He swears that I was trying to direct him with the movement and flutter of my eyelids.\" Nimoy was thankful the story required him to appear in a minimal number of scenes. The rapidly aging Spock, at the ages of 9, 13, 17, and 25, was portrayed successively by Carl Steven, Vadia Potenza, Stephen Manley and Joe W. Davis. Frank Welker provided Spock's screams,","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"id":"4254954","text":"Stewart played Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Whoopi Goldberg played , Leonard Nimoy played Mr. Spock, Christopher Lloyd played Kruge in \"\", Ed Begley Jr. played Henry Starling in a two-part episode of \"\", George Hearn played Dr. Berel in an episode of \"\", and B.J. Ward played numerous characters in \"Star Trek\" computer games, as did Jim Cummings. Composer James Horner was also the composer for \"\" and \"\". Frank Welker voiced Spock's screams in \"Star Trek III\" and the alien creature in the \"Star Trek: Voyager\" episode \"\". Robert Picardo played on \"\". Additionally, both Nimoy and Welker voiced the","title":"The Pagemaster"},{"id":"3951908","text":"\"Father Knows Best\", where she played Jane Wyatt's eldest daughter. On the next broadcast \"Star Trek\" episode, Jane Wyatt guested, playing Spock's mother Amanda. Cochrane reappears as the focal character of the movie \"\" (1996), in which he is played by James Cromwell. This episode was the first time in the original series that Kirk does not appear on board the \"Enterprise\" at any point. Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series) \"Metamorphosis\" is the ninth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\". Written by Gene L. Coon and directed by Ralph Senensky, it was first broadcast","title":"Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series)"},{"id":"358203","text":"perceived faults had been partly because of the script that they had selected themselves. NBC made the unusual decision to pay for a second pilot, using the script called \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\". Only the character of Spock, played by Leonard Nimoy, was retained from the first pilot, and only two cast members, Majel Barrett and Nimoy, were carried forward into the series. This second pilot proved to be satisfactory to NBC, and the network selected \"Star Trek\" to be in its upcoming television schedule for the fall of 1966. The second pilot introduced most of the other","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series"},{"id":"644430","text":"of the Rings\", or even Hamlet, Othello, or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character.\" The fan series \"\" has featured three actors in the role of Spock. Spock was portrayed by Jeffrey Quinn for the pilot and first three episodes, by Ben Tolpin in episodes 4 and 5, and by Brandon Stacy in episodes 6 through 11. Stacy also served as a stand-in for Zachary Quinto in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" film. The independent online fan series \"Star Trek Continues\" featured Todd Haberkorn as Spock in three vignettes and","title":"Spock"},{"id":"644383","text":"his acceptance into the Vulcan Science Academy on the basis that they would never fully accept someone who was only half-Vulcan. Although this film set up the Kelvin timeline seen in this and later films, writer Roberto Orci stated that he felt that the actions were unaffected by the changes in this timeline and so would have occurred in the same manner prior to \"The Original Series\". Because Spock did not enter the VSA, and sought to join Starfleet instead, he did not speak to his father for the following 18 years. Spock appeared as the science officer on the","title":"Spock"},{"id":"644351","text":"movie \"Land of the Lost\". Nimoy also provided voiceovers for the \"Star Trek Online\" massive multiplayer online game, released in February 2010, as well as \"Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep\" as Master Xehanort, the series' leading villain. Tetsuya Nomura, the director of \"Birth by Sleep\", stated that he chose Nimoy for the role specifically because of his role as Spock. Nimoy would later reprise this role for \"\" in 2012. Nimoy was also a frequent and popular reader for \"Selected Shorts\", an ongoing series of programs at Symphony Space in New York City (that also tours around the country) which","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"644374","text":"represented by his daughters. Cast members of \"Star Trek\" who had worked alongside Nimoy gave personal tributes after his death. William Shatner wrote of Nimoy, \"I loved him like a brother. ... We will all miss his humor, his talent, and his capacity to love.\" George Takei called him an \"extraordinarily talented man\" and a \"very decent human being\". Walter Koenig said that after working with Nimoy, he discovered Nimoy's \"compassion, his intelligence and his humanity.\" Nichelle Nichols noted that Nimoy's integrity, passion and devotion as an actor \"helped transport \"Star Trek\" into television history.\" Quinto, who portrayed Spock as","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"644359","text":"29, 2012. Also in 2012, Nimoy reprised his role of William Bell in \"Fringe\" for the fourth season episodes \"Letters of Transit\" and \"Brave New World\" parts 1 & 2. Nimoy reprised his role as Master Xehanort in the 2012 video game \"\". On August 30, 2012, Nimoy narrated a satirical segment about Mitt Romney's life on Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". In 2013, Nimoy reprised his role as Ambassador Spock in a cameo appearance in \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", and is the only actor from the original series to appear in Abrams' \"Star Trek\" films. Nimoy's","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"644402","text":"Vulcan children due to his half-Human heritage, and his relationship with his parents (Ben Cross and Winona Ryder). The film also depicts Kirk and Spock's initial clashes at Starfleet Academy, and the gradual development of their friendship based on shared mutual respect, what the elder Spock calls \"... a friendship that will define them both in ways they cannot yet realize.\" A major change in characterization from the primary timeline is alternate Spock's involvement with alternate Uhura (Zoe Saldana), his former student. At the end of the film, the young Spock opts to remain in Starfleet while his older self","title":"Spock"},{"id":"10303273","text":"Mason\" episode, \"The Case of the Carefree Coronary.\" In 1966, Montaigne portrayed the Romulan Decius in the \"\" episode \"Balance of Terror\"; he had nearly been cast as Mr Spock when it was possible that Leonard Nimoy would appear on \"Mission Impossible\". A year later, he portrayed the Vulcan Stonn, the paramour of Spock's intended bride T'Pring, in the episode \"Amok Time\"—a role that he reprised in 2006 in the unofficial mini-series \"\". Additionally, he guest starred on \"Batman\", \"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea\", \"The Man From U.N.C.L.E.\", \"Blue Light\", \"\", \"The Time Tunnel\", \"The Invaders\", \"Perry Mason\",","title":"Lawrence Montaigne"},{"id":"19669615","text":"final time in a cameo within the 2013 film \"Star Trek Into Darkness\"; he died prior to production on the 2016's \"Star Trek Beyond\". Within that film, a scene was included to reference the in-universe death of the older version of the character. The earliest mention of Spock known was from a conversation Gene Roddenberry had with Gary Lockwood at Roddenberry's home. Lockwood had been the lead actor on Roddenberry's \"The Lieutenant\" which had just been cancelled after one season. Roddenberry explained in that conversation that he had created an alien with the name of Spock, and he wanted the","title":"Development of Spock"},{"id":"1401929","text":"of historical figures including Abraham Lincoln, Spock's father Sarek (Mark Lenard), and an unnamed Andorian ambassador. The food prepared for the scene was colored blue so it would look alien. None of the actors wanted to eat the unappetizing dishes (especially after they grew ripe under hot studio lights), and it became a running joke among the crew during filming to make them sample their food. Because of the multiple angles and takes required for a single mouthful of food, Meyer offered a bounty of $20 per every shot of a character eating. For Shatner, the incentive was enough that","title":"Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country"},{"id":"581907","text":"Mignogna, who also plays the role of Kirk. Rounding out the core cast is fellow voice actor Todd Haberkorn as Spock, Chris Doohan (son of the original Scotty actor James Doohan) as Scotty, and as McCoy first author-producer Larry Nemecek, followed by voice actor Chuck Huber. It also co-stars Grant Imahara (\"MythBusters\") as Sulu. The first episode, \"Pilgrim of Eternity\" (with Michael Forest reprising his role as Apollo from the original series episode \"Who Mourns for Adonais?\") was released in 2013. The second episode, \"Lolani\" (featuring guest star Lou Ferrigno), was released in February 2014, and a third episode, \"Fairest","title":"James T. Kirk"},{"id":"4969258","text":"Christine Scodari expressed the opinion that the portrayal of Uhura's character in the reboot is a step forward in terms of the representation of women of color. On August 24, 2013, at the Fan Expo Canada, actor Zachary Quinto (who plays Spock in the rebooted \"Star Trek\") replied to a fan asking him about whether his fictional character (and him and Chris Pine, the actor who plays Jim Kirk in the reboot) are lovers: Kirk/Spock Kirk/Spock, commonly abbreviated as K/S and referring to James T. Kirk and Spock from \"Star Trek\", is a pairing popular in slash fiction, possibly the","title":"Kirk/Spock"},{"id":"848397","text":"Ben Stiller Show\". He played Damon Warwick, father of James Warwick, on the daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". After learning about cold fusion from technical journals in 1989, he narrated the video \"Cold Fusion: Fire from Water\", about the physics behind cold fusion. When the \"Star Trek\" franchise was revived, Doohan reprised his role of Scotty in seven \"Star Trek\" films and made a guest appearance on \"\"s 130th episode, \"\". Many of Doohan's film appearances centered on the role of Scotty, such as a cameo in \"National Lampoon's Loaded Weapon 1\", where he plays a policeman","title":"James Doohan"},{"id":"644413","text":"during one of the early 1970s attempts to create a \"Star Trek\" film, entitled \"\", but dropped out after his likeness as Spock was used without permission to advertise Heineken beer. He was persuaded to return when production turned to the film \"\" as directed by Philip Kaufman. However, this was dropped in favor of a new television series, \"\". After being offered only a recurring part by Roddenberry, Nimoy refused to appear at all. When the work moved on again, to \"\", director Robert Wise persuaded Nimoy to return as the character. During the course of the production, Nimoy","title":"Spock"},{"id":"644416","text":"highlighted the work of Zachary Quinto, as he felt he looked similar and could sufficiently portray the inner thought process of the character. Quinto became the first actor to be cast for the film, and Nimoy agreed to return as the version of the character from the \"Prime\" universe. Nimoy said that he returned because of the enthusiasm from director J.J. Abrams and the writers, and because it made him feel appreciated. Nimoy made a final appearance as Spock in \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" as a favor to Abrams. At the time, he did not rule out returning again, but","title":"Spock"},{"id":"6630461","text":"with the exception of an aged Spock played by Leonard Nimoy. It was directed by J. J. Abrams (who produced it with Damon Lindelof) and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman. According to Lindelof, this production was designed to attract a wider audience. It received positive reviews and a number of awards, including the film franchise's only Academy Award, for \"makeup and hairstyling\". A story that covered the events between \"Nemesis\" and \"Star Trek\" was released as the graphic novel \"\" in early 2009. A Starfleet special agent (Benedict Cumberbatch), coerces an officer into blowing up a secret installation","title":"Star Trek (film series)"},{"id":"1288047","text":"Sarek in the \"Star Trek\" reboot (2009). James Frain plays Sarek in the new television series \"\". The character appears in the original \"\" series, the , four \"Star Trek\" movies, two episodes of \"\", \"\" and numerous \"Star Trek\" novels and comics. Sarek was born in 2165. He is the son of Skon of Vulcan and the grandson of Solkar (the first Vulcan ambassador to Earth). Sarek was married twice, and had two sons. Prior to his first marriage, he had a relationship with the Vulcan priestess, T'Rea, which produced Sarek's first son Sybok, a character not developed until","title":"Sarek"},{"id":"2459743","text":"Journey to Babel \"Journey to Babel\" is the tenth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\". Written by D. C. Fontana and directed by Joseph Pevney, it was first broadcast on November 17, 1967. In the episode, the \"Enterprise\" must transport dignitaries to a diplomatic conference. The episode features the first appearance of Sarek (Mark Lenard) and Amanda (Jane Wyatt), parents of First Officer Spock, as well as the first appearance in the series of two other alien species, the Andorians and the Tellarites. The starship \"Enterprise\", under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, is","title":"Journey to Babel"},{"id":"20352740","text":"ambassador Sarek (James Frain) and his human wife Amanda (Mia Kirshner), who are also the biological parents of Starfleet officer Spock, and moved to the Vulcan homeworld. She was the first human to attend both the Vulcan Learning Center and Vulcan Science Academy as a xenoanthropologist. After completing the academy she was brought by Sarek, who shared his Katra with Burnham, to the USS \"Shenzhou\" to rejoin her people. The decision to make Burnham related to the history of original series character Spock was controversial. Beth Elderkin for \"io9\" decided that it \"breaks canon\" and that \"It seems unlike Spock","title":"Michael Burnham"},{"id":"2748290","text":"Nimoy, stars as Spock in the rebooted \"Star Trek\" films, will host the revived version of the show on History Channel. The original series ran for six seasons. In February 2012, it was announced that Visual Entertainment, under license from Universal Studios, had acquired the home video rights to the original series for the United States and Canada. \"In Search of: The Complete Collection\" was released in Canada and the U.S. on December 11, 2012 from VEI's website. The 21-DVD set includes all 144 installments hosted by Leonard Nimoy. Also included are two Rod Serling specials: \"In Search of Ancient","title":"In Search of... (TV series)"},{"id":"19669647","text":"of Khan\" would be the final \"Star Trek\" film, having Spock \"go out in a blaze of glory\" seemed like a good way to resolve the character's fate. In an early draft of the script, Spock died in the first act in a shocking demise that the movie's producer Harve Bennett compared to Janet Leigh's early death in \"Psycho\". By April 1981, a revised script moved the character's death to the final act. The death scene was shot over three days, during which no visitors were allowed on set. Fan reaction to leaked news that Spock would be killed was","title":"Development of Spock"},{"id":"3234138","text":"Day Massacre\", and appeared on the short-lived CBS western \"Dundee and the Culhane\". A contract dispute that year between Leonard Nimoy and the producers of \"\" forced Herb Solow, Robert H. Justman, and Gene Roddenberry to compile a list of candidates for consideration to take over the role of Mr. Spock. As revealed in Solow and Justman's book, \"Star Trek - The Inside Story\", Canary was one of these candidates. David Dortort, the creator/producer of \"Bonanza\", saw Canary in \"Hombre\" and cast him in the role of the new ranch foreman; he said that Canary was \"the kind of kid","title":"David Canary"},{"id":"20362508","text":"August, Ethan Peck was announced as portraying Spock in the season. Kurtzman compared the actor to both Nimoy and Quinto and stated that he believed Peck \"would, like them, effortlessly embody Spock’s greatest qualities, beyond obvious logic: empathy, intuition, compassion, confusion, and yearning.\" In March 2018, an alternate ending to the first season was revealed in which a Section 31 agent named Leland is introduced, portrayed by Alan van Sprang. The producers confirmed that Sprang would be portraying the character in the second season. Van Sprang had worked with Berg and Harberts on the series \"Reign\", and they had been","title":"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)"},{"id":"1288048","text":"the in the late 1980s. Sarek later married Amanda Grayson, a native of the planet Earth. After Amanda's death, Sarek married Perrin, also human, who survived his death. Sarek and Perrin had no children. Sarek's second son, Spock, entered Starfleet Academy. Sarek opposed the decision, and the two were estranged for 18 years. Following a mission on the \"Enterprise\" where Spock helped save Sarek's life, father and son are reconciled in the episode \"Journey to Babel\", with Mark Lenard portraying the first appearance of Sarek. Mark Lenard voiced Sarek in the \"\" episode \"\". In this episode Spock must travel","title":"Sarek"},{"id":"18251448","text":"crew celebrates Kirk's birthday, they watch the construction of their new ship, the USS \"Enterprise\"-A—and when the ship is completed, they resume their mission. Jeff Bezos appears as an alien Starfleet crew member. Leonard Nimoy appears in two photo cameos as Spock Prime – individually, and alongside George Takei, Walter Koenig, William Shatner, James Doohan, DeForest Kelley, and Nichelle Nichols as the Prime versions of Sulu, Chekov, Kirk, Scott, McCoy, and Uhura, respectively. Abrams returned only as a producer so he could focus on directing \"\". Writer-producer Roberto Orci was announced as director in May 2014. He would have been","title":"Star Trek Beyond"},{"id":"19669664","text":"Spock, saying that he would hear what Abrams had to offer since he considered him a friend and he had done \"a great thing for \"Star Trek\"\". Nimoy died on February 27, 2015, ahead of the production of the third \"Kelvin\" timeline film, \"Star Trek Beyond\". Quinto later said at a \"Beyond\" fan event, \"In a way I feel like he’s more a part of this film than he was the other two. We were all so cognizant of his absence but I think in the face of that, we all held him in our hearts more fully. Everyone on","title":"Development of Spock"},{"id":"7752875","text":"the FX series \"American Horror Story\" as Chad, former owner of the house. Quinto returned for the second season in one of the lead roles, as Dr. Oliver Thredson. In 2014, Zachary and his Before the Door partners produced a Chris Moore project, \"The Chair\", a documentary series on Starz that shows the process of two directors bringing their first feature to the screen. In 2015, Quinto was a guest on the acclaimed TV series \"Girls\" and \"Hannibal\". Movie-wise, Quinto reprised his role of Spock in \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" in 2013 and in \"Star Trek Beyond\", released in 2016.","title":"Zachary Quinto"},{"id":"3188042","text":"which he did not write. One production was at the LBJ Museum in Austin, Texas, where Lady Bird Johnson was among attendees. He appeared in the drama film \"The Boys in the Band\" (1970), reprising the role of Hank, which he originated on stage. He portrayed Spock's half-brother Sybok in \"\" (1989). Sean Connery was originally contacted to star in the role but was busy with \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\". William Shatner discovered Luckinbill by chance by channel-surfing late one night and seeing him perform as Johnson. When Shatner called to offer him the role, Luckinbill accepted immediately.","title":"Laurence Luckinbill"},{"id":"644417","text":"he died prior to the following film. In \"Star Trek Beyond\", Quinto's Spock mourns the loss of Spock Prime, as played by Nimoy. \"Given the choice\", Nimoy said years after the show ended, \"If I had to be someone else, I would be Spock.\" He recalled, more than a decade after the show's cancellation: From early on, the public reacted very positively—even fanatically—to his character, in what \"The Boston Globe\" in 1967 described as \"Spockmania\". Headshots of Spock became popular souvenirs, with the rare ones of the actor laughing the most valuable. Nimoy reported that \"within two weeks after [\"Amok","title":"Spock"},{"id":"7752869","text":"new \"Star Trek\" film, Quinto revealed that Nimoy had been given casting approval over who would play the role of the young Spock. \"For me Leonard's involvement was only liberating, frankly,\" says Quinto. \"I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play young Spock, so when I got the role I knew from the beginning it was with his blessing.\" In a September 2008 interview, Abrams said of Quinto's performance as Spock: \"Zachary brought a gravity and an incredible sense of humor, which is a wonderful combination because Spock's character is deceivingly complicated. The revelation for me","title":"Zachary Quinto"},{"id":"19669663","text":"breaks in filming, he said Nimoy was his main resource in playing Spock. Nimoy made his final appearance as Spock as a cameo in the 2013 film, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\". Abrams approached him and asked for a favor, and Nimoy agreed as he felt that the lines could only be said by his version of Spock and was about the character itself. The appearance was kept a secret until the premiere, as it was shot at Bad Robot Productions headquarters in Santa Monica, California, with only Nimoy and Abrams present. Nimoy did not rule out a further appearance as","title":"Development of Spock"},{"id":"18247526","text":"Mind Meld Mind Meld: Secrets Behind the Voyage of a Lifetime is a 2001 American documentary film in which actors William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy discuss the \"Star Trek\" science fiction franchise and its effects on their lives. Shatner and Nimoy portrayed the characters James T. Kirk and Spock respectively in the , the , and their film sequels. They talk about differences they had with Gene Roddenberry, the creator of \"Star Trek\", and about the strained relationships between Shatner and some of the other cast members. It was in this film that Nimoy first publicly revealed that he had","title":"Mind Meld"},{"id":"3188038","text":"Laurence Luckinbill Laurence George Luckinbill (born November 21, 1934) is an American actor, playwright and director. He has worked in television, film, and theatre, doing triple duty in the theatre by writing, directing, and starring in stage productions. He is probably best known for penning and starring in one-man shows based upon the lives of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, author Ernest Hemingway, and famous American defense attorney Clarence Darrow; starring in a one-man show based upon the life of US President Lyndon Baines Johnson; and for his portrayal of Spock's half-brother Sybok in the film \"\". Luckinbill was born","title":"Laurence Luckinbill"},{"id":"358713","text":"afford the complete cast. He was replaced by two animated characters who made semi-regular appearances: Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs; and Lieutenant M'Ress, a female Caitian. Besides performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and M'Ress, respectively. Initially, Filmation was only going to use the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura. Nimoy refused to voice Spock in the series unless Nichelle Nichols and George Takei","title":"Star Trek: The Animated Series"},{"id":"644339","text":"films. He played the elder Spock in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" movie and reprised the role in a brief appearance in the 2013 sequel, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", both directed by J. J. Abrams. Following \"Star Trek\" in 1969, Nimoy immediately joined the cast of the spy series \"\", which was seeking a replacement for Martin Landau. Nimoy was cast in the role of Paris, an IMF agent who was an ex-magician and make-up expert, \"\". He played the role during (1969–1971). Nimoy had been strongly considered as part of the initial cast for the show, but remained in the","title":"Leonard Nimoy"},{"id":"655428","text":"announcement that \"Star Trek\" was returning as a series on June 17, 1977, Roddenberry began recruiting new crewmembers, including Harold Livingston and Robert Goodwin as executive producers. Other staff returning from \"The Original Series\" included William Ware Theiss, while Matt Jefferies was hired as a technical advisor and designed an updated version of the USS \"Enterprise\". The initial order was for a two-hour pilot episode, followed by 13 episodes. Leonard Nimoy turned down the offer by Roddenberry to return as Spock as a recurring character, which necessitated the creation of a new Vulcan character named Xon. David Gautreaux successfully auditioned","title":"Star Trek: Phase II"},{"id":"1659339","text":"to Earth following the events of . Admiral James T. Kirk is struggling to come to terms with the death of his Vulcan friend, Captain Spock, whose casket was launched into space and eventually came to rest on the newly-formed Genesis Planet. On arriving at Earth Spacedock, Doctor Leonard McCoy begins to act strangely and is detained. Starfleet Commander Morrow visits the \"Enterprise\" and informs the crew that the ship is to be decommissioned, despite Kirk's objections; the crew is ordered not to share their knowledge of Genesis due to the political fallout the device has caused. Spock's father, Sarek","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"id":"644401","text":"of the film. In the film's opening act, Nero's ship emerges in the year 2233, and through its interaction with the inhabitants, inadvertently creates an \"alternate, parallel 'Star Trek' universe\". Twenty-five years later in the new reality, Spock's ship emerges, and Nero captures him and the red matter. Stranded in the alternate past, the prime version of Spock helps the alternate, younger version of himself and Kirk (Zachary Quinto and Chris Pine, respectively) thwart Nero's attempt to destroy the Federation. The film also features Jacob Kogan in several scenes depicting Spock's childhood, including his abuse at the hands of other","title":"Spock"},{"id":"7259816","text":"Nimoy's famous \"Star Trek\" character which the younger planned to direct. Nimoy stated that with his father's passing, the project would now take on a stronger focus on the life and career of Leonard Nimoy, as well as the character of Spock. In March 2015, Nimoy announced plans to crowd-fund the project's $600,000 budget and provide credit and other perks to the fans who contributed. By that June, the project successfully completed funding through Kickstarter.com, raising $621,721, ahead of its July 1 deadline. The documentary, \"For the Love of Spock\", received the support of interview subjects including William Shatner, George","title":"Adam Nimoy"},{"id":"2795397","text":"Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has gone missing and an intelligence scan has placed him on Romulus, raising fears that he may have defected. Picard orders the \"Enterprise\" to Vulcan to speak to Spock's ailing father, Sarek (Mark Lenard), with whom Picard shares a close bond. Sarek gives Picard the name of Pardek, a Romulan Senator that he knew Spock had been maintaining a dialogue with for several decades. Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) discovers a visual record of Pardek from a trade conference and confirms him as being the figure seen on the intelligence scan of Spock on Romulus. The \"Enterprise\"","title":"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)"},{"id":"358233","text":"Germany in steelbook editions) on April 27, 2009 as well as the first season in Blu-ray. While still casting the roles, Gene Roddenberry did not mandate Bones McCoy and Spock be male. According to Nichelle Nichols, \"They gave me a three-page script to read from that had three characters named Bones, Kirk and somebody called Spock, and they asked me if I would read for the role of Spock. When I looked at this great text, I said to myself, 'I'll take any one of these roles,' but I found the Spock character to be very interesting, and I asked","title":"Star Trek: The Original Series"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"3772574\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Lenard Mark Lenard (born Leonard Rosenson, October 15, 1924 – November 22, 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television. His most famous role was as Sarek, father of the popular character Spock, in the science fiction \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise, in both and , as well as three films and two episodes of \\\"\\\". He also played a Klingon in \\\"Star Trek The Motion Picture\\\", and a Romulan in an episode of \\\"\\\". Lenard was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of a Russian Jewish immigrant, Abraham, and his wife, Bessie, but was raised in the small town of\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Lenard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3772580\",\n \"text\": \"Boys in Autumn\\\". Lenard played a late middle-aged Huck Finn who re-encounters his childhood friend Tom Sawyer after a lifetime apart. Koenig played Sawyer. Lenard died of multiple myeloma in New York City in 1996 at the age of 72. Mark Lenard Mark Lenard (born Leonard Rosenson, October 15, 1924 – November 22, 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television. His most famous role was as Sarek, father of the popular character Spock, in the science fiction \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise, in both and , as well as three films and two episodes of \\\"\\\". He also played a Klingon\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Lenard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1288046\",\n \"text\": \"Sarek Sarek is a fictional character in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, and father of Spock. The character was originally played by Mark Lenard in the episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\" (1967) (Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, \\\"Balance of Terror\\\") (1966). Lenard later voiced Sarek in the , and appeared in Star Trek movies and the series \\\"\\\". Actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in \\\"\\\", with voice-over provided by Lenard. Ben Cross portrayed\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1288061\",\n \"text\": \"following episodes and films: Sarek Sarek is a fictional character in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" media franchise. He is a Vulcan astrophysicist, the Vulcan ambassador to the United Federation of Planets, and father of Spock. The character was originally played by Mark Lenard in the episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\" (1967) (Lenard previously portrayed a Romulan Commander in another episode of the original series, \\\"Balance of Terror\\\") (1966). Lenard later voiced Sarek in the , and appeared in Star Trek movies and the series \\\"\\\". Actor Jonathan Simpson played a younger Sarek in a brief scene in \\\"\\\", with voice-over provided by\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3108597\",\n \"text\": \"mysterious recurring character named Eric Renard. He appeared in the second season of \\\"Gotham\\\" as Azrael. He currently portrays Sarek, the father of Spock, on \\\"\\\", the second prequel TV series in the Star Trek franchise. In 2004, Frain married director Marta Cunningham; they have two children. In his spare time, he is an amateur artist. James Frain James Dominic Frain (born 14 March 1968) is an English stage and screen actor. His best known roles include those of Thomas Cromwell in the TV series \\\"The Tudors\\\" (2007–2009), vampire Franklin Mott in season three of the HBO drama \\\"True Blood\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"James Frain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3772576\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing\\\". In the mid-1960s, he moved his family to Los Angeles, where he played one of the Three Wise Men in the biblical epic \\\"The Greatest Story Ever Told\\\" (1965). Lenard is best known for his appearances in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise, particularly in the role of Sarek, the father of Spock (Leonard Nimoy). However, his first Star Trek appearance was in the first season of \\\"\\\", playing the first Romulan ever seen in the series, in the episode \\\"Balance of Terror\\\" (1966). He originated the character of Sarek in the second-season episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\" (1967), and provided the\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Lenard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8826770\",\n \"text\": \"make appearances. Several actors from \\\"Here Come the Brides\\\" had also appeared on \\\"Star Trek\\\". Mark Lenard played Aaron Stemple, whom the novel implies was Spock's ancestor. Lenard also played the role of Sarek, Spock's father, in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" TV series, as well as a Romulan commander in the episode \\\"Balance of Terror\\\" (the first time the Romulans are seen in the series). The actor playing Jason Bolt (the eldest brother) was Robert Brown who played \\\"Lazarus\\\" in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode \\\"The Alternative Factor.\\\" The actor playing Joshua Bolt (a younger brother) was David Soul who played\",\n \"title\": \"Ishmael (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"895514\",\n \"text\": \"final role in the film consists of one line of dialogue and a reaction shot. Mark Lenard and Jane Wyatt play Spock's parents, Ambassador Sarek and Amanda Grayson, respectively, with Wyatt reprising the role she had previously played in the 1967 episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\". Wyatt commented that although she generally disliked working with actors who were directing, she found Nimoy an exception because he could concentrate on being part of the cast as well as setting up the crew. Robin Curtis reprises the role of Saavik, a Starfleet lieutenant. Saavik's role is minimal in the film—originally, she was intended\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142122\",\n \"text\": \"played both Spock's father and his maternal ancestor. Jane Wyatt who played Spock's mother in the original series, made a guest appearance in the show's second season. She did not have any scenes with Mark Lenard. Aside from Lenard, other \\\"Star Trek\\\" guest cast members were series regulars: Robert Brown (both of the Lazaruses in \\\"The Alternative Factor\\\"), David Soul (Makora in \\\"\\\"), and semi-regular Carole Shelyne (the visible representation of a Metron in \\\"\\\", whose voice Vic Perrin provided in that installment). Here Come the Brides Here Come the Brides is an American comedy Western series from Screen Gems\",\n \"title\": \"Here Come the Brides\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1961781\",\n \"text\": \"new form of life that disappears into another dimension. With Earth saved, Kirk directs \\\"Enterprise\\\" out to space for future missions. Other actors from the television series who returned included Majel Barrett as Christine Chapel, a doctor aboard the \\\"Enterprise\\\", and Grace Lee Whitney as Janice Rand, formerly one of Kirk's yeomen. David Gautreaux, who had been cast as Xon in the aborted second television series, cameos as Branch, the commander of the Epsilon 9 communications station. Mark Lenard portrays the Klingon commander in the film's opening sequence; the actor also played Spock's father, Sarek, in the television series and\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Motion Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1659351\",\n \"text\": \"and was impressed by his ability to play powerful villains. Lloyd was given the role of Kruge, a Klingon interested in securing the powerful secrets of Genesis for use as a weapon. Nimoy said that Lloyd brought a welcome element of theatricality to the role. Mark Lenard plays Sarek, Spock's father and a Vulcan ambassador. Lenard had previously played the role in the \\\"\\\" episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\" and the \\\"\\\" episode \\\"\\\". Merritt Butrick reprises his role as David Marcus, Kirk's son and a scientist who had helped develop the Genesis Device, from \\\"The Wrath of Khan\\\". Other roles\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3219077\",\n \"text\": \"Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series) \\\"Yesteryear\\\" is the second episode of the first season of the animated American science fiction television series \\\"\\\". It first aired in the NBC Saturday morning lineup on September 15, 1973, and was written by veteran \\\"\\\" writer D. C. Fontana. \\\"Yesteryear\\\" marked the return of actor Mark Lenard to the role of Spock's father, Sarek. In this episode, \\\"Enterprise\\\" First Officer Spock must travel in time to his childhood and keep his younger self from dying and being replaced by an Andorian on his ship. On stardate 5373.4, Captain Kirk and Spock return\",\n \"title\": \"Yesteryear (Star Trek: The Animated Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4142121\",\n \"text\": \"(spelled \\\"Stemple\\\" in the book) before he could thwart an attempted 19th-century alien invasion of Earth. During most of the story, Spock has lost his memory and is cared for by Stempel, who passes him off as his nephew \\\"Ishmael\\\" and helps him hide his alien origins. At the end of the story, Captain Kirk discovers that Stempel was one of Spock's mother's ancestors, a reference to the fact that Mark Lenard also played Spock's father Sarek in episodes of the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" and \\\"\\\", as well as several of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" motion pictures. In that sense, Lenard\",\n \"title\": \"Here Come the Brides\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644318\",\n \"text\": \"Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013. Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title role in \\\"Kid Monk Baroni\\\". Foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644378\",\n \"text\": \"Friendship with a Remarkable Man\\\". The book was released on February 16, 2016. Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 – February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer and songwriter. He was best known for his role as Spock of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film from shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013. Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6907898\",\n \"text\": \"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \\\"Sarek\\\" is the 23rd episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\"\\\", and the 71st episode overall. It was originally released on May 14, 1990, in broadcast syndication. The story for the episode was created by Marc Cushman and Jake Jacobs, with the teleplay written by Peter S. Beagle. \\\"Sarek\\\" was directed by Les Landau. In this episode, Sarek (Mark Lenard), the father of Spock and a highly regarded but elderly ambassador, is ferried by the \\\"Enterprise\\\" on his final mission for the Federation. While he is aboard the ship, the\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11795853\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller \\\"Joshua\\\" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' \\\"Star Trek\\\". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia (then in the Soviet Union). Kogan has two younger siblings; a sister, Sasha (born March 1997) and a brother, Leo (born May 2006). His mother's family were Jewish immigrants from Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania and\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Kogan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18251438\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek Beyond Star Trek Beyond is a 2016 American space opera film directed by Justin Lin and written by Simon Pegg and Doug Jung, based on the television series \\\"Star Trek\\\" created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the thirteenth film in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" film franchise and the third installment in the reboot series, following \\\"Star Trek\\\" (2009) and \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" (2013). Chris Pine and Zachary Quinto reprise their respective roles as Captain James T. Kirk and Commander Spock, with Pegg, Karl Urban, Zoe Saldana, John Cho, and Anton Yelchin reprising their roles from the previous films.\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Beyond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6907905\",\n \"text\": \"current wife Perrin. With the conference successfully completed, Sarek prepares to take his leave. Picard lets Perrin know of Sarek's love for her, and Perrin says she has always known it. Sarek thanks Picard for his kindness, and with deep respect states: \\\"We will always retain the best part of the other, inside us.\\\" Following creator Gene Roddenberry's suggestion that \\\"The Next Generation\\\" would be unable to afford an appearance by Leonard Nimoy as Spock, it was suggested in a memo that Mark Lenard could appear as Spock's on-screen father, Sarek. Lenard had made his first appearance as Sarek in\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7752865\",\n \"text\": \"Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series \\\"Heroes\\\" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot \\\"Star Trek\\\" (2009) and its sequels \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" (2013) and \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in \\\"\\\". His other film roles include \\\"Margin Call\\\", \\\"What's Your Number?\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Snowden\\\", and \\\"Hotel Artemis\\\". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as \\\"So NoTORIous\\\", \\\"The Slap\\\", and \\\"24\\\". Quinto was born in Pittsburgh,\",\n \"title\": \"Zachary Quinto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644382\",\n \"text\": \"troubled childhood due to his mixed heritage. On his homeworld, he was repeatedly bullied and tormented by full-blooded Vulcan children, who wished to incite the emotions of his human nature. For a time, he grew up alongside his older half-brother Sybok, until the older brother was cast out for rejecting logic. In the episode \\\"Amok Time\\\", it is revealed that Spock became betrothed to T'Pring (Arlene Martel) during his childhood. Sarek supported Spock's scientific learning and supporting his application to the Vulcan Science Academy, as mentioned in \\\"Journey to Babel\\\". In the 2009 film \\\"Star Trek\\\", Spock is seen rejecting\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644422\",\n \"text\": \"show him their work and discuss it with him as if he were a scientific peer, as opposed to an actor, photographer, and poet. His stock response in these situations was \\\"it certainly looks like you're headed in the right direction\\\". In 2004, Spock was ranked number 21 in Bravo's list of The 100 Greatest TV Characters. In 2008, UGO named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters. According to Shatner, much of \\\"Star Trek\\\"s acting praise and media interest went to Nimoy. In 2016, Adam Nimoy released his documentary film \\\"For the Love of Spock\\\", about his father\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17031204\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 1) The first season of the American science fiction television series . premiered on NBC on September 8, 1966 and concluded on April 13, 1967. It consisted of twenty-nine episodes, which is the highest number of episodes in a season of The Original Series of \\\"Star Trek\\\". Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. This article also\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17031207\",\n \"text\": \"the second season of . <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Paramount Home Entertainment. Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2) The second and penultimate season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 15, 1967 and concluded on March 29, 1968. It consisted of twenty-six episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11892881\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"\\\"TOS\\\"\\\" debuted in the United States on NBC on September 8, 1966. The show tells the tale of the crew of the starship \\\"Enterprise\\\" and its five-year mission \\\"to boldly go where no man has gone before.\\\" The original 1966–69 television series featured William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock, DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard \\\"Bones\\\" McCoy, James Doohan as Montgomery \\\"Scotty\\\" Scott, Nichelle Nichols as Uhura, George Takei as Hikaru Sulu, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. During the series' original run, it earned several nominations for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17031206\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2) The second and penultimate season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 15, 1967 and concluded on March 29, 1968. It consisted of twenty-six episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. The season originally aired Fridays at 8:30-9:30 pm (EST) on NBC. This is a list of episodes from\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17031208\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3) The third and final season of the American science fiction television series , premiered on NBC on September 20, 1968 and concluded on June 3, 1969. It consisted of twenty-four episodes. Star Trek: The Original Series is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry, and the original series of the Star Trek franchise. It features William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock and DeForest Kelley as Leonard McCoy. This is the first season to air after NBC moved the show from 8:30 P.M. to 10 P.M.\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2795395\",\n \"text\": \"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation) \\\"Unification\\\" is a two-part episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series \\\"\\\", from the , which features Leonard Nimoy as Spock. It earned a 15.4 household Nielsen rating, drawing over 25 million viewers, making it one of the most watched episodes in all seven seasons of \\\"The Next Generation\\\"s run. Hearing that legendary Starfleet officer Spock may have defected to the Romulan Empire, Picard travels to Vulcan to talk to Spock's father, former ambassador Sarek, who is near death from the ravages of Bendii Syndrome. In a rare lucid moment, Sarek discloses\",\n \"title\": \"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7752880\",\n \"text\": \"serious accusation that he attempted to molest one.\\\" Zachary Quinto Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series \\\"Heroes\\\" (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot \\\"Star Trek\\\" (2009) and its sequels \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" (2013) and \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\" (2016), as well as his Emmy nominated performance in \\\"\\\". His other film roles include \\\"Margin Call\\\", \\\"What's Your Number?\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Snowden\\\", and \\\"Hotel Artemis\\\". He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as \\\"So NoTORIous\\\", \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Zachary Quinto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644379\",\n \"text\": \"Spock Spock is a fictional character in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" media franchise. Spock was first portrayed by Leonard Nimoy in the , and also appears in the , a two-part episode of \\\"\\\", eight of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" feature films, and numerous Star Trek novels, comics, and video games. In addition, numerous actors portrayed the various stages of Spock's rapid growth, due to the effects of the Genesis Planet, in the 1984 Star Trek film \\\"\\\". In the 2009 film \\\"Star Trek\\\", Nimoy reprised his role with Zachary Quinto, who depicted a younger version of the character, existing within an\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644407\",\n \"text\": \"known mention of Spock was in a conversation between \\\"Star Trek\\\"s creator Gene Roddenberry and actor Gary Lockwood, in which Lockwood suggested Leonard Nimoy for the role. The trio had previously worked together on Roddenberry's \\\"The Lieutenant\\\" in the episode \\\"In the Highest Tradition\\\". Roddenberry agreed to the idea, but was required to audition other actors for the part. At the time, Roddenberry sought DeForest Kelley to play the doctor character in the pilot, \\\"The Cage\\\", but both NBC executives and director Robert Butler wanted him to play Spock. Roddenberry offered the part to both Kelley and Martin Landau, but\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18251475\",\n \"text\": \"sci-fi popcorn movie in an increasingly crowded market, that will likely have you leaving the theatre feeling exactly as you entered.\\\" Chris Nashawaty of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the film a C+ and wrote, \\\"[w]ith \\\"Beyond\\\", it feels like just another summer tentpole with not enough going on underneath the tent.\\\" Pine and Quinto have signed contracts to return as Kirk and Spock for a fourth film should one be made. In July 2016, Abrams confirmed plans for a fourth film and stated that Chris Hemsworth would return as Kirk's father, George, whom he played in the prologue of the first\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Beyond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644380\",\n \"text\": \"alternate timeline. Both reprised their roles in the 2013 sequel \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" and Quinto reprised his role again in 2016's \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\". Spock serves aboard the starship \\\"Enterprise\\\", as science officer and first officer, and later as commanding officer of two iterations of the vessel. Spock's mixed human-Vulcan heritage serves as an important plot element in many of the character's appearances. Along with Captain James T. Kirk and Dr. Leonard \\\"Bones\\\" McCoy, he is one of the three central characters in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" series and its films. After retiring from Starfleet, Spock serves as a\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6382982\",\n \"text\": \"Orion Starfleet cadet; Deep Roy as Scotty's alien (Royla) assistant Keenser; and Paul McGillion as a Starfleet barracks leader. Chris Doohan, the son of the original Scotty, James Doohan, makes a cameo appearance in the transporter room as Lt. Kyle. Some characters had their scenes substantially or entirely cut from the film, including Brad William Henke as Kirk's stepfather (the character's lines in the film were provided by Greg Grunberg). Spencer Daniels originally played Kirk's older brother, George Samuel \\\"Sam\\\" Kirk, Jr., but the majority of his scenes were cut and the opening car chase scene where Kirk can be\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7058275\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Trek\\\" storylines. The character Hiro Nakamura on NBC's \\\"Heroes\\\" likes to describe his ability to teleport as \\\"like \\\"Star Trek\\\"\\\", and has often performed Mr. Spock's Vulcan salute. His father is played by original \\\"Star Trek\\\" cast member George Takei (Sulu). Additionally, Nichelle Nichols, who portrayed Uhura on \\\"The Original Series\\\" also appears on the series. Over a dozen actors from various \\\"Star Trek\\\" series have made guest appearances on one or the other of the \\\"Stargate\\\" series. In those series, Colonel Jack O'Neill makes unsuccessful pitches to name new space vessels after the \\\"Enterprise\\\", and also gives the Vulcan\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6382969\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek (film) Star Trek is a 2009 American space opera film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman. It is the eleventh film in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" film franchise, and is also a reboot that features the main characters of the portrayed by a new cast, as the first in the rebooted film series. The film follows James T. Kirk (Chris Pine) and Spock (Zachary Quinto) aboard USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" as they combat Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets. The story takes place in an\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6382981\",\n \"text\": \"what feels right instead of what is logical. Spock remains in Starfleet, becoming first officer under Kirk's command. \\\"Enterprise\\\" goes to warp as the elder Spock speaks the \\\"where no one has gone before\\\" monologue. Chris Hemsworth plays George Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk's father, who dies aboard USS \\\"Kelvin\\\" while battling Nero. Mark Wahlberg was also approached for the role. Faran Tahir plays \\\"Kelvin\\\" captain Richard Robau. Winona Kirk, Kirk's mother, is played by Jennifer Morrison. Greg Ellis plays Chief Engineer Olson, the redshirt who is killed during the space jump. Additional minor roles include Rachel Nichols as Gaila, an\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"358492\",\n \"text\": \"by the main cast's stunt doubles. Initially, the entire principal cast of \\\"The Original Series\\\" was featured in the film's first script, but only three members appeared in the film: William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, James Doohan as Montgomery Scott, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. Leonard Nimoy and DeForest Kelley declined to appear as Spock and Leonard McCoy. Nimoy (who was offered the job of directing the film) felt that there were story problems with the script and that Spock's role was extraneous—\\\"I said to everybody concerned [...] that if you took the dozen or so lines\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Generations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17632871\",\n \"text\": \"released in July 2016. Chris Doohan Christopher Doohan (born June 28, 1959) is a Canadian actor, one of the sons of Star Trek actor James Doohan. Chris and his twin brother, Montgomery, made uncredited appearances as background extras in the first \\\"\\\". Upon hearing that the role of Montgomery Scott would be recast for J.J. Abrams' film, Star Trek fans started a campaign asking other fans to write to Paramount Pictures in an attempt to persuade the studio and the filmmakers to allow either Chris or his brother, Montgomery, to play their father's role in the film, or, at the\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Doohan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"358195\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series Star Trek is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry that follows the adventures of the starship and its crew. It later acquired the retronym of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) to distinguish the show within the media franchise that it began. The show is set in the Milky Way galaxy, roughly during the 2260s. The ship and crew are led by Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner), first officer and science officer Spock (Leonard Nimoy), and chief medical officer Leonard McCoy (DeForest Kelley). Shatner's voice-over introduction during each episode's opening\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4416603\",\n \"text\": \"characterization and plot issues correctable. The main issue was whether the producers wanted to do a show with time travel. Meanwhile, Ganino and Stillwell struck up a friendship and began to develop ideas for other episodes. Gene Roddenberry had distributed a memo that said the return of Leonard Nimoy as Spock would be unlikely due to financial considerations, and suggested that a reasonable alternative would be to feature Mark Lenard, who played Spock's father Sarek. During the same period, Stillwell met Denise Crosby – who played Tasha Yar in the series' first season – at a 1989 fan convention in\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday's Enterprise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19023732\",\n \"text\": \"For the Love of Spock For the Love of Spock is a 2016 American documentary film about actor Leonard Nimoy produced by 455 Films and directed by his son Adam Nimoy, who started it before his February 27, 2015 death. It deals with the story of the character, its impact in science fiction and popular culture, and the burden its fame posed on Leonard Nimoy's personal and family life, from his son's point of view. The film looks at the life and career of actor Leonard Nimoy, and his iconic character Mr. Spock. It includes interviews with cast, crew and\",\n \"title\": \"For the Love of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19023736\",\n \"text\": \"of the film was screened on April 16, 2016, at the Tribeca Film Festival. It was followed by a panel composed of Adam Nimoy, Zachary Quinto, producer David Zappone, \\\"Access Hollywood\\\" and critic Scott Mantz, within \\\"Variety\\\"'s Gordon Cox as moderator. The finished documentary's release was expected later in 2016. On June 2, 2016, it was announced that the worldwide rights to the documentary had been acquired by Gravitas Ventures, and the film was scheduled for U.S. theatrical release and VOD day-and-date on September 9, one day after the 50th anniversary of the Original Series. Since that date, the film\",\n \"title\": \"For the Love of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644334\",\n \"text\": \"the end of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" series) at the Pheasant Run Playhouse in St. Charles, Illinois. Nimoy was best known for his portrayal of Spock, the half-human, half-Vulcan character he played on \\\"Star Trek\\\" from the first TV episode, in 1966, to the film \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" in 2013. Biographer Dennis Fischer states that it was Nimoy's \\\"most important role,\\\" and Nimoy was later credited by others for bringing \\\"dignity and intelligence to one of the most revered characters in science fiction.\\\" The character was to become iconic, considered one of the most popular alien characters ever portrayed on\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17632868\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Doohan Christopher Doohan (born June 28, 1959) is a Canadian actor, one of the sons of Star Trek actor James Doohan. Chris and his twin brother, Montgomery, made uncredited appearances as background extras in the first \\\"\\\". Upon hearing that the role of Montgomery Scott would be recast for J.J. Abrams' film, Star Trek fans started a campaign asking other fans to write to Paramount Pictures in an attempt to persuade the studio and the filmmakers to allow either Chris or his brother, Montgomery, to play their father's role in the film, or, at the very least, to be\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Doohan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6630465\",\n \"text\": \"for a fourth film. In July 2016, Abrams confirmed plans for a fourth film, and stated that Chris Hemsworth would return as Kirk's father, George, whom he played in the prologue of the first film. Later that month, Paramount confirmed the return of Hemsworth as well as most of the \\\"Beyond\\\" cast, producers Abrams and Lindsey Weber, and writers J. D. Payne and Patrick McKay. That same month, Abrams had said that Chekov would not be recast, after Anton Yelchin died in a motor vehicle incident. In December 2017, Deadline Hollywood reported that Quentin Tarantino is currently working on the\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2969766\",\n \"text\": \"Christopher and Michael Ward (according to an obituary in \\\"The Washington Post\\\", a third son died in infancy in the early 1940s); three grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren. Jane Wyatt Jane Waddington Wyatt (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series, \\\"Father Knows Best\\\", and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series \\\"\\\". Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner. Wyatt was\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Wyatt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11795855\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Delocated\\\" as David. He guest-starred on \\\"\\\" in 2011 in the episode \\\"Blood Brothers\\\" as Tripp Raines. His most recent acting role to date was Luca Jameson in the science fiction series \\\"The Tomorrow People\\\". Jacob Kogan Jacob Pavlovich Kogan (born May 28, 1995) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the title role in the 2007 psychological thriller \\\"Joshua\\\" and as the young Spock in J. J. Abrams' \\\"Star Trek\\\". Kogan was born in New York City to author and photographer Deborah Copaken Kogan and Russian-born child actor Paul Kogan. Paul emigrated from Moscow, Russia\",\n \"title\": \"Jacob Kogan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7093537\",\n \"text\": \"text include: In the mid-1960s, actor Leonard Nimoy, who was raised in a traditional Jewish home, used a single-handed version of this gesture to create the Vulcan salute for his character, Spock, on \\\"\\\". He has explained that while attending Orthodox services as a child, he peeked from under his father's tallit and saw the gesture; many years later, when introducing the character of Mr. Spock, he and series creator Gene Roddenberry thought a physical component should accompany the verbal \\\"Live long and prosper\\\" greeting. The Jewish priestly gesture looked sufficiently alien and mysterious, and became part of \\\"Star Trek\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Priestly Blessing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2969757\",\n \"text\": \"Jane Wyatt Jane Waddington Wyatt (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series, \\\"Father Knows Best\\\", and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series \\\"\\\". Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner. Wyatt was born on August 12, 1910, in Mahwah, New Jersey, but raised in Manhattan. Her father, Christopher Billopp Wyatt, Jr., was a Wall Street investment banker, and her\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Wyatt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1659335\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Star Trek III: The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by Leonard Nimoy and based on the created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the third film in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" film series, and is the second part of a three-film story arc that begins with \\\"\\\" (1982) and concludes with \\\"\\\" (1986). After the death of Spock (Nimoy), the crew of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" returns to Earth. When James T. Kirk (William Shatner) learns that Spock's spirit, or katra, is held in the mind of Dr. Leonard \\\"Bones\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4023965\",\n \"text\": \"as far as he is concerned, Spock is still alive and well working on Romulus (as seen in the two-part episode \\\"\\\" of \\\"\\\"). Nimoy played Spock again (alongside a younger Spock played by Zachary Quinto) in the 2009 film \\\"Star Trek\\\" and the 2013 film \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\", both directed by J. J. Abrams. I Am Spock I Am Spock is the second volume of actor and director Leonard Nimoy's autobiography. The book was published in 1995, four years after the release of the last \\\"Star Trek\\\" motion picture starring the entire original cast, and covers the majority\",\n \"title\": \"I Am Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1659422\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Star Trek: Original Motion Picture Collection\\\". \\\"The Search for Spock\\\" was remastered in 1080p high-definition from the 2000 DVD transfer. All six films in the set have new 7.1 Dolby TrueHD audio. The disc features a new commentary track by former \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"\\\" television writers Ronald D. Moore and Michael Taylor. The film was briefly removed from Netflix in August 2013 because of inaccurately translated Klingon and Vulcan subtitles. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock Star Trek III: The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by Leonard Nimoy and based on\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644399\",\n \"text\": \"the doors, that allowed us to begin to embrace our past\\\". Spock appears in \\\"\\\" (1991), a two-part episode of \\\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\\\". Set 75 years after the events of \\\"The Undiscovered Country\\\", the episode focuses on Federation Ambassador Spock's attempt to reunite the Romulans with their Vulcan brethren. Filming of \\\"The Undiscovered Country\\\" overlapped with production of this episode, and the episode references Spock's role in the film. Spock's next appearance in the live action \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise is the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" film. Nimoy was given approval rights over Spock's casting and supported Quinto's casting. In\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19023733\",\n \"text\": \"people connected with \\\"Star Trek\\\", fans at conventions, as well as personal memories. As Odie Henderson from RogerEbert.com points, \\\"'For the Love of Spock' is more than just catnip for Trekkies. It’s also an often painful examination of the rocky father/son relationship that existed between filmmaker Adam Nimoy and his famous father, Leonard.\\\" By Thanksgiving 2014, Adam Nimoy started working with his father in a documentary about Spock, to commemorate \\\"\\\"’s 50th anniversary. After Leonard Nimoy's passing on February 27, 2015, the outpouring of affection from \\\"Star Trek\\\" fans prompted him to widen the film’s scope to encompass his father’s\",\n \"title\": \"For the Love of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644381\",\n \"text\": \"Federation ambassador, contributing toward the easing of the strained relationship between the Federation and the Klingon Empire. In his later years, he serves as Federation Ambassador-at-Large to the Romulan Star Empire and becomes involved in the ill-fated attempt to save Romulus from a supernova, leading him to live out the rest of his life in the parallel timeline introduced in \\\"Star Trek\\\" (2009). Spock's backstory has been explained during the course of several episodes of \\\"\\\", the 2009 film \\\"Star Trek\\\" and the episode \\\"\\\" of \\\"\\\". Born to the Vulcan Sarek and the human Amanda Grayson, Spock has a\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1659346\",\n \"text\": \"to Vulcan. Nimoy recalled that not only was he in the scene, but his eyes are closed, making it difficult to judge the quality of the shot or the actor's performance: \\\"It drove DeForest Kelley crazy. He swears that I was trying to direct him with the movement and flutter of my eyelids.\\\" Nimoy was thankful the story required him to appear in a minimal number of scenes. The rapidly aging Spock, at the ages of 9, 13, 17, and 25, was portrayed successively by Carl Steven, Vadia Potenza, Stephen Manley and Joe W. Davis. Frank Welker provided Spock's screams,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4254954\",\n \"text\": \"Stewart played Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Whoopi Goldberg played , Leonard Nimoy played Mr. Spock, Christopher Lloyd played Kruge in \\\"\\\", Ed Begley Jr. played Henry Starling in a two-part episode of \\\"\\\", George Hearn played Dr. Berel in an episode of \\\"\\\", and B.J. Ward played numerous characters in \\\"Star Trek\\\" computer games, as did Jim Cummings. Composer James Horner was also the composer for \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\". Frank Welker voiced Spock's screams in \\\"Star Trek III\\\" and the alien creature in the \\\"Star Trek: Voyager\\\" episode \\\"\\\". Robert Picardo played on \\\"\\\". Additionally, both Nimoy and Welker voiced the\",\n \"title\": \"The Pagemaster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3951908\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Father Knows Best\\\", where she played Jane Wyatt's eldest daughter. On the next broadcast \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode, Jane Wyatt guested, playing Spock's mother Amanda. Cochrane reappears as the focal character of the movie \\\"\\\" (1996), in which he is played by James Cromwell. This episode was the first time in the original series that Kirk does not appear on board the \\\"Enterprise\\\" at any point. Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series) \\\"Metamorphosis\\\" is the ninth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\"\\\". Written by Gene L. Coon and directed by Ralph Senensky, it was first broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"358203\",\n \"text\": \"perceived faults had been partly because of the script that they had selected themselves. NBC made the unusual decision to pay for a second pilot, using the script called \\\"Where No Man Has Gone Before\\\". Only the character of Spock, played by Leonard Nimoy, was retained from the first pilot, and only two cast members, Majel Barrett and Nimoy, were carried forward into the series. This second pilot proved to be satisfactory to NBC, and the network selected \\\"Star Trek\\\" to be in its upcoming television schedule for the fall of 1966. The second pilot introduced most of the other\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644430\",\n \"text\": \"of the Rings\\\", or even Hamlet, Othello, or Romeo. Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character.\\\" The fan series \\\"\\\" has featured three actors in the role of Spock. Spock was portrayed by Jeffrey Quinn for the pilot and first three episodes, by Ben Tolpin in episodes 4 and 5, and by Brandon Stacy in episodes 6 through 11. Stacy also served as a stand-in for Zachary Quinto in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" film. The independent online fan series \\\"Star Trek Continues\\\" featured Todd Haberkorn as Spock in three vignettes and\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644383\",\n \"text\": \"his acceptance into the Vulcan Science Academy on the basis that they would never fully accept someone who was only half-Vulcan. Although this film set up the Kelvin timeline seen in this and later films, writer Roberto Orci stated that he felt that the actions were unaffected by the changes in this timeline and so would have occurred in the same manner prior to \\\"The Original Series\\\". Because Spock did not enter the VSA, and sought to join Starfleet instead, he did not speak to his father for the following 18 years. Spock appeared as the science officer on the\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644351\",\n \"text\": \"movie \\\"Land of the Lost\\\". Nimoy also provided voiceovers for the \\\"Star Trek Online\\\" massive multiplayer online game, released in February 2010, as well as \\\"Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep\\\" as Master Xehanort, the series' leading villain. Tetsuya Nomura, the director of \\\"Birth by Sleep\\\", stated that he chose Nimoy for the role specifically because of his role as Spock. Nimoy would later reprise this role for \\\"\\\" in 2012. Nimoy was also a frequent and popular reader for \\\"Selected Shorts\\\", an ongoing series of programs at Symphony Space in New York City (that also tours around the country) which\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644374\",\n \"text\": \"represented by his daughters. Cast members of \\\"Star Trek\\\" who had worked alongside Nimoy gave personal tributes after his death. William Shatner wrote of Nimoy, \\\"I loved him like a brother. ... We will all miss his humor, his talent, and his capacity to love.\\\" George Takei called him an \\\"extraordinarily talented man\\\" and a \\\"very decent human being\\\". Walter Koenig said that after working with Nimoy, he discovered Nimoy's \\\"compassion, his intelligence and his humanity.\\\" Nichelle Nichols noted that Nimoy's integrity, passion and devotion as an actor \\\"helped transport \\\"Star Trek\\\" into television history.\\\" Quinto, who portrayed Spock as\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644359\",\n \"text\": \"29, 2012. Also in 2012, Nimoy reprised his role of William Bell in \\\"Fringe\\\" for the fourth season episodes \\\"Letters of Transit\\\" and \\\"Brave New World\\\" parts 1 & 2. Nimoy reprised his role as Master Xehanort in the 2012 video game \\\"\\\". On August 30, 2012, Nimoy narrated a satirical segment about Mitt Romney's life on Comedy Central's \\\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\\\". In 2013, Nimoy reprised his role as Ambassador Spock in a cameo appearance in \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\", and is the only actor from the original series to appear in Abrams' \\\"Star Trek\\\" films. Nimoy's\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644402\",\n \"text\": \"Vulcan children due to his half-Human heritage, and his relationship with his parents (Ben Cross and Winona Ryder). The film also depicts Kirk and Spock's initial clashes at Starfleet Academy, and the gradual development of their friendship based on shared mutual respect, what the elder Spock calls \\\"... a friendship that will define them both in ways they cannot yet realize.\\\" A major change in characterization from the primary timeline is alternate Spock's involvement with alternate Uhura (Zoe Saldana), his former student. At the end of the film, the young Spock opts to remain in Starfleet while his older self\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10303273\",\n \"text\": \"Mason\\\" episode, \\\"The Case of the Carefree Coronary.\\\" In 1966, Montaigne portrayed the Romulan Decius in the \\\"\\\" episode \\\"Balance of Terror\\\"; he had nearly been cast as Mr Spock when it was possible that Leonard Nimoy would appear on \\\"Mission Impossible\\\". A year later, he portrayed the Vulcan Stonn, the paramour of Spock's intended bride T'Pring, in the episode \\\"Amok Time\\\"—a role that he reprised in 2006 in the unofficial mini-series \\\"\\\". Additionally, he guest starred on \\\"Batman\\\", \\\"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea\\\", \\\"The Man From U.N.C.L.E.\\\", \\\"Blue Light\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Time Tunnel\\\", \\\"The Invaders\\\", \\\"Perry Mason\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Lawrence Montaigne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19669615\",\n \"text\": \"final time in a cameo within the 2013 film \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\"; he died prior to production on the 2016's \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\". Within that film, a scene was included to reference the in-universe death of the older version of the character. The earliest mention of Spock known was from a conversation Gene Roddenberry had with Gary Lockwood at Roddenberry's home. Lockwood had been the lead actor on Roddenberry's \\\"The Lieutenant\\\" which had just been cancelled after one season. Roddenberry explained in that conversation that he had created an alien with the name of Spock, and he wanted the\",\n \"title\": \"Development of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1401929\",\n \"text\": \"of historical figures including Abraham Lincoln, Spock's father Sarek (Mark Lenard), and an unnamed Andorian ambassador. The food prepared for the scene was colored blue so it would look alien. None of the actors wanted to eat the unappetizing dishes (especially after they grew ripe under hot studio lights), and it became a running joke among the crew during filming to make them sample their food. Because of the multiple angles and takes required for a single mouthful of food, Meyer offered a bounty of $20 per every shot of a character eating. For Shatner, the incentive was enough that\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"581907\",\n \"text\": \"Mignogna, who also plays the role of Kirk. Rounding out the core cast is fellow voice actor Todd Haberkorn as Spock, Chris Doohan (son of the original Scotty actor James Doohan) as Scotty, and as McCoy first author-producer Larry Nemecek, followed by voice actor Chuck Huber. It also co-stars Grant Imahara (\\\"MythBusters\\\") as Sulu. The first episode, \\\"Pilgrim of Eternity\\\" (with Michael Forest reprising his role as Apollo from the original series episode \\\"Who Mourns for Adonais?\\\") was released in 2013. The second episode, \\\"Lolani\\\" (featuring guest star Lou Ferrigno), was released in February 2014, and a third episode, \\\"Fairest\",\n \"title\": \"James T. Kirk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4969258\",\n \"text\": \"Christine Scodari expressed the opinion that the portrayal of Uhura's character in the reboot is a step forward in terms of the representation of women of color. On August 24, 2013, at the Fan Expo Canada, actor Zachary Quinto (who plays Spock in the rebooted \\\"Star Trek\\\") replied to a fan asking him about whether his fictional character (and him and Chris Pine, the actor who plays Jim Kirk in the reboot) are lovers: Kirk/Spock Kirk/Spock, commonly abbreviated as K/S and referring to James T. Kirk and Spock from \\\"Star Trek\\\", is a pairing popular in slash fiction, possibly the\",\n \"title\": \"Kirk/Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"848397\",\n \"text\": \"Ben Stiller Show\\\". He played Damon Warwick, father of James Warwick, on the daytime soap opera \\\"The Bold and the Beautiful\\\". After learning about cold fusion from technical journals in 1989, he narrated the video \\\"Cold Fusion: Fire from Water\\\", about the physics behind cold fusion. When the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise was revived, Doohan reprised his role of Scotty in seven \\\"Star Trek\\\" films and made a guest appearance on \\\"\\\"s 130th episode, \\\"\\\". Many of Doohan's film appearances centered on the role of Scotty, such as a cameo in \\\"National Lampoon's Loaded Weapon 1\\\", where he plays a policeman\",\n \"title\": \"James Doohan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644413\",\n \"text\": \"during one of the early 1970s attempts to create a \\\"Star Trek\\\" film, entitled \\\"\\\", but dropped out after his likeness as Spock was used without permission to advertise Heineken beer. He was persuaded to return when production turned to the film \\\"\\\" as directed by Philip Kaufman. However, this was dropped in favor of a new television series, \\\"\\\". After being offered only a recurring part by Roddenberry, Nimoy refused to appear at all. When the work moved on again, to \\\"\\\", director Robert Wise persuaded Nimoy to return as the character. During the course of the production, Nimoy\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644416\",\n \"text\": \"highlighted the work of Zachary Quinto, as he felt he looked similar and could sufficiently portray the inner thought process of the character. Quinto became the first actor to be cast for the film, and Nimoy agreed to return as the version of the character from the \\\"Prime\\\" universe. Nimoy said that he returned because of the enthusiasm from director J.J. Abrams and the writers, and because it made him feel appreciated. Nimoy made a final appearance as Spock in \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" as a favor to Abrams. At the time, he did not rule out returning again, but\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6630461\",\n \"text\": \"with the exception of an aged Spock played by Leonard Nimoy. It was directed by J. J. Abrams (who produced it with Damon Lindelof) and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman. According to Lindelof, this production was designed to attract a wider audience. It received positive reviews and a number of awards, including the film franchise's only Academy Award, for \\\"makeup and hairstyling\\\". A story that covered the events between \\\"Nemesis\\\" and \\\"Star Trek\\\" was released as the graphic novel \\\"\\\" in early 2009. A Starfleet special agent (Benedict Cumberbatch), coerces an officer into blowing up a secret installation\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1288047\",\n \"text\": \"Sarek in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" reboot (2009). James Frain plays Sarek in the new television series \\\"\\\". The character appears in the original \\\"\\\" series, the , four \\\"Star Trek\\\" movies, two episodes of \\\"\\\", \\\"\\\" and numerous \\\"Star Trek\\\" novels and comics. Sarek was born in 2165. He is the son of Skon of Vulcan and the grandson of Solkar (the first Vulcan ambassador to Earth). Sarek was married twice, and had two sons. Prior to his first marriage, he had a relationship with the Vulcan priestess, T'Rea, which produced Sarek's first son Sybok, a character not developed until\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2459743\",\n \"text\": \"Journey to Babel \\\"Journey to Babel\\\" is the tenth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\"\\\". Written by D. C. Fontana and directed by Joseph Pevney, it was first broadcast on November 17, 1967. In the episode, the \\\"Enterprise\\\" must transport dignitaries to a diplomatic conference. The episode features the first appearance of Sarek (Mark Lenard) and Amanda (Jane Wyatt), parents of First Officer Spock, as well as the first appearance in the series of two other alien species, the Andorians and the Tellarites. The starship \\\"Enterprise\\\", under the command of Captain James T. Kirk, is\",\n \"title\": \"Journey to Babel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20352740\",\n \"text\": \"ambassador Sarek (James Frain) and his human wife Amanda (Mia Kirshner), who are also the biological parents of Starfleet officer Spock, and moved to the Vulcan homeworld. She was the first human to attend both the Vulcan Learning Center and Vulcan Science Academy as a xenoanthropologist. After completing the academy she was brought by Sarek, who shared his Katra with Burnham, to the USS \\\"Shenzhou\\\" to rejoin her people. The decision to make Burnham related to the history of original series character Spock was controversial. Beth Elderkin for \\\"io9\\\" decided that it \\\"breaks canon\\\" and that \\\"It seems unlike Spock\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Burnham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2748290\",\n \"text\": \"Nimoy, stars as Spock in the rebooted \\\"Star Trek\\\" films, will host the revived version of the show on History Channel. The original series ran for six seasons. In February 2012, it was announced that Visual Entertainment, under license from Universal Studios, had acquired the home video rights to the original series for the United States and Canada. \\\"In Search of: The Complete Collection\\\" was released in Canada and the U.S. on December 11, 2012 from VEI's website. The 21-DVD set includes all 144 installments hosted by Leonard Nimoy. Also included are two Rod Serling specials: \\\"In Search of Ancient\",\n \"title\": \"In Search of... (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19669647\",\n \"text\": \"of Khan\\\" would be the final \\\"Star Trek\\\" film, having Spock \\\"go out in a blaze of glory\\\" seemed like a good way to resolve the character's fate. In an early draft of the script, Spock died in the first act in a shocking demise that the movie's producer Harve Bennett compared to Janet Leigh's early death in \\\"Psycho\\\". By April 1981, a revised script moved the character's death to the final act. The death scene was shot over three days, during which no visitors were allowed on set. Fan reaction to leaked news that Spock would be killed was\",\n \"title\": \"Development of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3234138\",\n \"text\": \"Day Massacre\\\", and appeared on the short-lived CBS western \\\"Dundee and the Culhane\\\". A contract dispute that year between Leonard Nimoy and the producers of \\\"\\\" forced Herb Solow, Robert H. Justman, and Gene Roddenberry to compile a list of candidates for consideration to take over the role of Mr. Spock. As revealed in Solow and Justman's book, \\\"Star Trek - The Inside Story\\\", Canary was one of these candidates. David Dortort, the creator/producer of \\\"Bonanza\\\", saw Canary in \\\"Hombre\\\" and cast him in the role of the new ranch foreman; he said that Canary was \\\"the kind of kid\",\n \"title\": \"David Canary\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20362508\",\n \"text\": \"August, Ethan Peck was announced as portraying Spock in the season. Kurtzman compared the actor to both Nimoy and Quinto and stated that he believed Peck \\\"would, like them, effortlessly embody Spock’s greatest qualities, beyond obvious logic: empathy, intuition, compassion, confusion, and yearning.\\\" In March 2018, an alternate ending to the first season was revealed in which a Section 31 agent named Leland is introduced, portrayed by Alan van Sprang. The producers confirmed that Sprang would be portraying the character in the second season. Van Sprang had worked with Berg and Harberts on the series \\\"Reign\\\", and they had been\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1288048\",\n \"text\": \"the in the late 1980s. Sarek later married Amanda Grayson, a native of the planet Earth. After Amanda's death, Sarek married Perrin, also human, who survived his death. Sarek and Perrin had no children. Sarek's second son, Spock, entered Starfleet Academy. Sarek opposed the decision, and the two were estranged for 18 years. Following a mission on the \\\"Enterprise\\\" where Spock helped save Sarek's life, father and son are reconciled in the episode \\\"Journey to Babel\\\", with Mark Lenard portraying the first appearance of Sarek. Mark Lenard voiced Sarek in the \\\"\\\" episode \\\"\\\". In this episode Spock must travel\",\n \"title\": \"Sarek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18251448\",\n \"text\": \"crew celebrates Kirk's birthday, they watch the construction of their new ship, the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\"-A—and when the ship is completed, they resume their mission. Jeff Bezos appears as an alien Starfleet crew member. Leonard Nimoy appears in two photo cameos as Spock Prime – individually, and alongside George Takei, Walter Koenig, William Shatner, James Doohan, DeForest Kelley, and Nichelle Nichols as the Prime versions of Sulu, Chekov, Kirk, Scott, McCoy, and Uhura, respectively. Abrams returned only as a producer so he could focus on directing \\\"\\\". Writer-producer Roberto Orci was announced as director in May 2014. He would have been\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Beyond\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19669664\",\n \"text\": \"Spock, saying that he would hear what Abrams had to offer since he considered him a friend and he had done \\\"a great thing for \\\"Star Trek\\\"\\\". Nimoy died on February 27, 2015, ahead of the production of the third \\\"Kelvin\\\" timeline film, \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\". Quinto later said at a \\\"Beyond\\\" fan event, \\\"In a way I feel like he’s more a part of this film than he was the other two. We were all so cognizant of his absence but I think in the face of that, we all held him in our hearts more fully. Everyone on\",\n \"title\": \"Development of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7752875\",\n \"text\": \"the FX series \\\"American Horror Story\\\" as Chad, former owner of the house. Quinto returned for the second season in one of the lead roles, as Dr. Oliver Thredson. In 2014, Zachary and his Before the Door partners produced a Chris Moore project, \\\"The Chair\\\", a documentary series on Starz that shows the process of two directors bringing their first feature to the screen. In 2015, Quinto was a guest on the acclaimed TV series \\\"Girls\\\" and \\\"Hannibal\\\". Movie-wise, Quinto reprised his role of Spock in \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" in 2013 and in \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\", released in 2016.\",\n \"title\": \"Zachary Quinto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3188042\",\n \"text\": \"which he did not write. One production was at the LBJ Museum in Austin, Texas, where Lady Bird Johnson was among attendees. He appeared in the drama film \\\"The Boys in the Band\\\" (1970), reprising the role of Hank, which he originated on stage. He portrayed Spock's half-brother Sybok in \\\"\\\" (1989). Sean Connery was originally contacted to star in the role but was busy with \\\"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\\\". William Shatner discovered Luckinbill by chance by channel-surfing late one night and seeing him perform as Johnson. When Shatner called to offer him the role, Luckinbill accepted immediately.\",\n \"title\": \"Laurence Luckinbill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644417\",\n \"text\": \"he died prior to the following film. In \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\", Quinto's Spock mourns the loss of Spock Prime, as played by Nimoy. \\\"Given the choice\\\", Nimoy said years after the show ended, \\\"If I had to be someone else, I would be Spock.\\\" He recalled, more than a decade after the show's cancellation: From early on, the public reacted very positively—even fanatically—to his character, in what \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" in 1967 described as \\\"Spockmania\\\". Headshots of Spock became popular souvenirs, with the rare ones of the actor laughing the most valuable. Nimoy reported that \\\"within two weeks after [\\\"Amok\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7752869\",\n \"text\": \"new \\\"Star Trek\\\" film, Quinto revealed that Nimoy had been given casting approval over who would play the role of the young Spock. \\\"For me Leonard's involvement was only liberating, frankly,\\\" says Quinto. \\\"I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play young Spock, so when I got the role I knew from the beginning it was with his blessing.\\\" In a September 2008 interview, Abrams said of Quinto's performance as Spock: \\\"Zachary brought a gravity and an incredible sense of humor, which is a wonderful combination because Spock's character is deceivingly complicated. The revelation for me\",\n \"title\": \"Zachary Quinto\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19669663\",\n \"text\": \"breaks in filming, he said Nimoy was his main resource in playing Spock. Nimoy made his final appearance as Spock as a cameo in the 2013 film, \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\". Abrams approached him and asked for a favor, and Nimoy agreed as he felt that the lines could only be said by his version of Spock and was about the character itself. The appearance was kept a secret until the premiere, as it was shot at Bad Robot Productions headquarters in Santa Monica, California, with only Nimoy and Abrams present. Nimoy did not rule out a further appearance as\",\n \"title\": \"Development of Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18247526\",\n \"text\": \"Mind Meld Mind Meld: Secrets Behind the Voyage of a Lifetime is a 2001 American documentary film in which actors William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy discuss the \\\"Star Trek\\\" science fiction franchise and its effects on their lives. Shatner and Nimoy portrayed the characters James T. Kirk and Spock respectively in the , the , and their film sequels. They talk about differences they had with Gene Roddenberry, the creator of \\\"Star Trek\\\", and about the strained relationships between Shatner and some of the other cast members. It was in this film that Nimoy first publicly revealed that he had\",\n \"title\": \"Mind Meld\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3188038\",\n \"text\": \"Laurence Luckinbill Laurence George Luckinbill (born November 21, 1934) is an American actor, playwright and director. He has worked in television, film, and theatre, doing triple duty in the theatre by writing, directing, and starring in stage productions. He is probably best known for penning and starring in one-man shows based upon the lives of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, author Ernest Hemingway, and famous American defense attorney Clarence Darrow; starring in a one-man show based upon the life of US President Lyndon Baines Johnson; and for his portrayal of Spock's half-brother Sybok in the film \\\"\\\". Luckinbill was born\",\n \"title\": \"Laurence Luckinbill\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"358713\",\n \"text\": \"afford the complete cast. He was replaced by two animated characters who made semi-regular appearances: Lieutenant Arex, whose Edosian species had three arms and three legs; and Lieutenant M'Ress, a female Caitian. Besides performing their characters Montgomery Scott and Christine Chapel, James Doohan and Majel Barrett also performed the voices of Arex and M'Ress, respectively. Initially, Filmation was only going to use the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, Doohan and Barrett. Doohan and Barrett would also perform the voices of Sulu and Uhura. Nimoy refused to voice Spock in the series unless Nichelle Nichols and George Takei\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Animated Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644339\",\n \"text\": \"films. He played the elder Spock in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" movie and reprised the role in a brief appearance in the 2013 sequel, \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\", both directed by J. J. Abrams. Following \\\"Star Trek\\\" in 1969, Nimoy immediately joined the cast of the spy series \\\"\\\", which was seeking a replacement for Martin Landau. Nimoy was cast in the role of Paris, an IMF agent who was an ex-magician and make-up expert, \\\"\\\". He played the role during (1969–1971). Nimoy had been strongly considered as part of the initial cast for the show, but remained in the\",\n \"title\": \"Leonard Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"655428\",\n \"text\": \"announcement that \\\"Star Trek\\\" was returning as a series on June 17, 1977, Roddenberry began recruiting new crewmembers, including Harold Livingston and Robert Goodwin as executive producers. Other staff returning from \\\"The Original Series\\\" included William Ware Theiss, while Matt Jefferies was hired as a technical advisor and designed an updated version of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\". The initial order was for a two-hour pilot episode, followed by 13 episodes. Leonard Nimoy turned down the offer by Roddenberry to return as Spock as a recurring character, which necessitated the creation of a new Vulcan character named Xon. David Gautreaux successfully auditioned\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Phase II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1659339\",\n \"text\": \"to Earth following the events of . Admiral James T. Kirk is struggling to come to terms with the death of his Vulcan friend, Captain Spock, whose casket was launched into space and eventually came to rest on the newly-formed Genesis Planet. On arriving at Earth Spacedock, Doctor Leonard McCoy begins to act strangely and is detained. Starfleet Commander Morrow visits the \\\"Enterprise\\\" and informs the crew that the ship is to be decommissioned, despite Kirk's objections; the crew is ordered not to share their knowledge of Genesis due to the political fallout the device has caused. Spock's father, Sarek\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"644401\",\n \"text\": \"of the film. In the film's opening act, Nero's ship emerges in the year 2233, and through its interaction with the inhabitants, inadvertently creates an \\\"alternate, parallel 'Star Trek' universe\\\". Twenty-five years later in the new reality, Spock's ship emerges, and Nero captures him and the red matter. Stranded in the alternate past, the prime version of Spock helps the alternate, younger version of himself and Kirk (Zachary Quinto and Chris Pine, respectively) thwart Nero's attempt to destroy the Federation. The film also features Jacob Kogan in several scenes depicting Spock's childhood, including his abuse at the hands of other\",\n \"title\": \"Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7259816\",\n \"text\": \"Nimoy's famous \\\"Star Trek\\\" character which the younger planned to direct. Nimoy stated that with his father's passing, the project would now take on a stronger focus on the life and career of Leonard Nimoy, as well as the character of Spock. In March 2015, Nimoy announced plans to crowd-fund the project's $600,000 budget and provide credit and other perks to the fans who contributed. By that June, the project successfully completed funding through Kickstarter.com, raising $621,721, ahead of its July 1 deadline. The documentary, \\\"For the Love of Spock\\\", received the support of interview subjects including William Shatner, George\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Nimoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2795397\",\n \"text\": \"Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has gone missing and an intelligence scan has placed him on Romulus, raising fears that he may have defected. Picard orders the \\\"Enterprise\\\" to Vulcan to speak to Spock's ailing father, Sarek (Mark Lenard), with whom Picard shares a close bond. Sarek gives Picard the name of Pardek, a Romulan Senator that he knew Spock had been maintaining a dialogue with for several decades. Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) discovers a visual record of Pardek from a trade conference and confirms him as being the figure seen on the intelligence scan of Spock on Romulus. The \\\"Enterprise\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"358233\",\n \"text\": \"Germany in steelbook editions) on April 27, 2009 as well as the first season in Blu-ray. While still casting the roles, Gene Roddenberry did not mandate Bones McCoy and Spock be male. According to Nichelle Nichols, \\\"They gave me a three-page script to read from that had three characters named Bones, Kirk and somebody called Spock, and they asked me if I would read for the role of Spock. When I looked at this great text, I said to myself, 'I'll take any one of these roles,' but I found the Spock character to be very interesting, and I asked\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who played spock's dad on star trek"}}},{"rowIdx":283,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1995"],"string":"[\n \"1995\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"11951622","text":"1995 Buffalo Bills season The 1995 Buffalo Bills season was the 36th season for the club and its 26th in the National Football League. After suffering a losing season the previous season, the 1995 Bills won the AFC East, and made the playoffs for the seventh time in eight seasons. They defeated the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card Game in Don Shula's final game as an NFL head coach. The following week they lost to the eventual AFC Champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. The playoff win over Miami represents the last time to date that the Bills have won a","title":"1995 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799708","text":"the Dolphins and the Cincinnati Bengals upsetting the Baltimore Ravens 31–27. The Bills also improved on their 7–9 record from 2016 and clinched their first winning season since 2014. However, the Bills lost the wild card game against Jacksonville 3–10, extending their playoff victory drought to 22 years. The Bills are the last team since the NFL re-alignment in 2002 to make the playoffs. General manager Brandon Beane joined the Bills after 19 seasons with the Carolina Panthers, the last two as assistant to then-general manager Dave Gettleman. Beane, who signed an undisclosed deal on May 9, 2017, replaced Doug","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9861048","text":"Sammy Watkins, cornerback Ronald Darby, and defensive tackle Marcell Dareus, were traded away before or during the season. On December 31, 2017, the Bills secured a playoff berth for the first time in 17 seasons with a win over the Miami Dolphins (concurrently with a Baltimore Ravens loss to the Cincinnati Bengals). Their season ended on January 7, 2018, when the Bills lost to the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Wild Card game by a score of 10-3. During the offseason, the Bills overhauled their roster yet again, trading away Tyrod Taylor and tackle Cordy Glenn. In addition, longtime center","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"46812","text":"York, where they have been since 1973. The Bills, established in 1959, played in War Memorial Stadium until 1973, when Rich Stadium, now New Era Field, opened. The team competes in the AFC East division. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, the Bills have won the AFC conference championship four consecutive times (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993), resulting in four lost Super Bowls (Super Bowl XXV, Super Bowl XXVI, Super Bowl XXVII and Super Bowl XXVIII); they were the only NFL team without a playoff appearance in the 21st century from 2011 until 2017, having missed the playoffs each season since","title":"Buffalo, New York"},{"id":"19799707","text":"2017 Buffalo Bills season The 2017 season was the Buffalo Bills' 58th as a professional football team, 48th in the National Football League and third full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula. The season was the first under the leadership of general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. On December 31, the final week of the regular season, the Bills finally ended their 18-year playoff drought (previously the longest active drought in the NFL and the longest active playoff drought among the four major professional North American sport leagues) with the Bills winning 22–16 over","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799731","text":"kick by Steven Hauschka, the Jaguars would rally for the victory in a hard-fought defensive game, only sealing the victory with an interception by Jalen Ramsey on the Bills' final drive. 2017 Buffalo Bills season The 2017 season was the Buffalo Bills' 58th as a professional football team, 48th in the National Football League and third full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula. The season was the first under the leadership of general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. On December 31, the final week of the regular season, the Bills finally ended their 18-year","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"20468641","text":"2018 Buffalo Bills season The 2018 season is the Buffalo Bills' 59th season in the National Football League, their fourth full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula, and their second under both general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. The team previously finished with a 9-7 record in 2017 and returned to the playoffs for the first time after having not been to the playoffs since 1999. After a 21–17 loss to the rival Miami Dolphins in Week 13, the Bills failed to improve their 9–7 record from the previous season. They were officially eliminated","title":"2018 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11951624","text":"for 422 yards and two touchdowns, the Bills jumped to a 27–0 lead going into the fourth quarter, and rushed for an NFL playoff-record 341 yards, led by Thurman Thomas's 25 carries for 158 yards. The Bills forced four turnovers, including intercepting Marino three times, in the victory. It was the final game of Don Shula's coaching career with the Dolphins. As of 2017, this was the last time that the Bills won a playoff game. Running back Bam Morris scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter as the Steelers stopped the Bills from pulling off a comeback. Pittsburgh jumped","title":"1995 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"14179410","text":"had the toughest schedule for any NFL team since 1971, with nine games against opponents 10–6 or better. Apart from their AFC East division games, the Bills played against the AFC North and NFC North according to the conference rotation, and played the Chiefs and Jaguars based on 2009 divisional positions. Though the Bills were the last team to record their first win in 2010, starting the season with eight consecutive losses, they improved greatly in the second half of the season, with a record of 4–4 to finish the year. Nine of the Bills' twelve losses were to teams","title":"2010 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"16980192","text":"5–9, but were eliminated from playoff contention with the Miami Dolphins' win over the New England Patriots. With the win, the Bills improved to 6-9. With the loss, the Bills ended their season at 6-10. 2013 Buffalo Bills season The 2013 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Marrone. It was also the final season under the ownership of Ralph Wilson, who died in March 2014 at the age of 95. The team equaled their record from 2012 and missed the playoffs, increasing their playoff drought to","title":"2013 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799716","text":"like a forward pass, but was ruled a fumble and returned for a 52-yard TD by rookie CB Tre'Davious White. With the win, the Bills improve to 3–1 for the first time since 2011 and regained sole possession of first place in the AFC East with the Patriots losing 33–30 to the Panthers, but lost starting receiver Jordan Matthews and starting linebacker Ramon Humber to multi-week thumb injuries. Looking to continue their winning ways after upsetting the Falcons the week prior, the Bills traveled down to Cincinnati to take on the Bengals, who got their first win of the season","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11951580","text":"1979 Buffalo Bills season The 1979 Buffalo Bills season was the 20th season for the club, and its tenth in the National Football League. Head coach Chuck Knox spent his second season with the Bills in 1979, improving on 1978's record by two games. The Bills were 7–6 with three games left to play, but they lost their final three games to finish with a losing record. (Even if Buffalo had won their final three games, they still would have lost the head-to-head tiebreaker to the Miami Dolphins (who finished 10–6) for the division title.) Buffalo's loss to Miami in","title":"1979 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"4702625","text":"offensive performer with 11 receptions for 154 yards and a touchdown. This was the final game in the career of Dolphins head coach Don Shula, who retired as the NFL's all-time leader in coaching wins. It also marked a continuation of dominance against Miami by Bills coach Marv Levy. Since taking over as Buffalo's coach in 1986, Levy recorded a 17-5 record against the Dolphins, including 3-0 in the playoffs. As of 2017, this is the Bills' most recent playoff victory. Prior to this game, Detroit tackle Lomas Brown famously guaranteed on television that the Lions would win. The Eagles","title":"1995–96 NFL playoffs"},{"id":"9860996","text":"despite a 27–14 loss to the Detroit Lions. After the 1977 season, Simpson was traded to the San Francisco 49ers. 1980 marked the 3rd year the Bills were good. They beat the archrival Miami Dolphins for the first time in 11 years in their season opener, en route to an 11-5 season and their first AFC East title. However, they lost to the San Diego Chargers 20-14 in the divisional playoffs. In 1981, the Bills made the playoffs as a wild-card team with a 10-6 record. They defeated the New York Jets 31-27 in the wild card round of the","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"14354819","text":"did not meet again until Week 15 in the 2017 season. During the game, which also carried playoff implications, Bills running back LeSean McCoy topped 10,000 career rushing yards, becoming just the 30th NFL running back to do so. Buffalo won 24–16 as Dolphins quarterback Jay Cutler threw three interceptions. Two weeks later, a fight ensued after a Dolphins touchdown in the fourth quarter that led to multiple ejections. After staving off a Dolphins comeback, the Bills clinched their first playoff berth in 18 years with a win in Miami, along with a Cincinnati Bengals victory over the Baltimore Ravens.","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"17736256","text":"December 14, the Bills broke a league-leading streak of nine consecutive losing seasons dating back to 2005; however, the next week's 26-24 loss to the Oakland Raiders eliminated them from playoff contention for the 15th consecutive year, continuing a league-leading drought. The team finished with a 17-9 win against the New England Patriots, who were resting the starters in preparation for a playoff run; the win was the first time the team had won at Gillette Stadium (they had lost all 12 previous attempts) and established the team's first winning season since 2004 (former head coach Mike Mularkey's first season).","title":"2014 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799710","text":"the Panthers. McDermott, who signed an undisclosed deal on January 11, 2017, replaced Rex Ryan, who was fired along with his twin brother, Rob. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. With the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots losing 42–27 to the Kansas City Chiefs to kick off the 2017 NFL season and Hurricane Irma delaying the game between the Miami Dolphins and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to Week 11, the Bills hoped to take advantage and grab first place in the AFC East by beating the Jets, who swept them in 2016. Quarterback Tyrod Taylor threw","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11851139","text":"(Boston was demolished by San Diego, 51–10). 1963 Buffalo Bills season The 1963 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s fourth season in the American Football League. Winless after their first four games, Buffalo won seven of the final ten games, including the final two over the New York Jets, to finish with their second-consecutive 7–6–1 record, tied with the Boston Patriots atop the Eastern division. In this era, this required a tiebreaker playoff, the AFL's first. The Patriots and Bills had split their season series, each team winning at home, and the Bills were slight favorites as playoff hosts. The","title":"1963 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11639376","text":"and 4,045 total yards allowed were both the fewest totals in the NFL in 1999. The Bills finished in second place in the AFC East and finished the National Football League's 1999 season with a record of 11 wins and 5 losses. The Bills qualified for the postseason for the seventh time in the decade. They would lose to the Titans in the game called \"The Music City Miracle\". The team would not make the playoffs again until 2017, where they were defeated by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the Wild-Card round. The Music City Miracle is a famous play in","title":"1999 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"39975","text":"2017, including a playoff win in 1981. The Bills and Chiefs were also original teams in the AFL and have had a long history against each other, despite never being in the same division. This rivalry heated up recently as the Bills and Chiefs met in consecutive years from 2008 to 2015, and again in 2017. The teams have played three playoff games against each other, including the AFL Championship game that determined the AFL's (later AFC) representative in the first Super Bowl, with Kansas City winning and going on to face the Green Bay Packers in the Super Bowl.","title":"Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"39956","text":"franchise of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL–NFL merger for the 1970 season. The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships (\"back-to-back\" American Football League Championships). The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games. The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team's founding in 1960, until his death in 2014 at the age of 95. After his death, Wilson's","title":"Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"5201056","text":"be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles. AFC East The American Football Conference – Eastern Division or AFC East is a division of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC). There are currently four teams that reside in the division: the Buffalo Bills (based in Orchard Park, New York); the Miami Dolphins (based in Miami Gardens, Florida); the New England Patriots (based in Foxborough, Massachusetts); and the New York Jets (based in East Rutherford, New Jersey). Since the division's enfranchisement in 1960, with the creation of the American Football League, the division has","title":"AFC East"},{"id":"12289720","text":"in the 2000s (2000–2009) and would be the Bills' last winning season until 2014. According to Football Outsiders, who has tracked every play in the NFL since the early 1990s, the 2004 Bills are statistically the best NFL team (in their record-keeping history) to have failed to qualify for the playoffs. The Bills set an NFL record by returning six kickoffs for touchdowns in 2004. Their match with the Miami Dolphins in Week 6 is the only time in the NFL since 1968 that the last two winless teams have met each other. The Bills drafted future starters Lee Evans","title":"2004 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9861001","text":"finished atop the AFC East for the first of four consecutive seasons. After a 17-10 victory over the Houston Oilers in the divisional playoff, they lost the AFC championship 21-10 to the Cincinnati Bengals. 1989 was a relative disappointment, with a 9–7 record and a divisional playoff loss to the Cleveland Browns. The Bills had a chance to win the game as time was running out, but Ronnie Harmon dropped a Kelly pass in the corner of the end zone. During this season, the Bills were called the \"Bickering Bills\" by the fans and media due to significant infighting among","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"11851134","text":"1963 Buffalo Bills season The 1963 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s fourth season in the American Football League. Winless after their first four games, Buffalo won seven of the final ten games, including the final two over the New York Jets, to finish with their second-consecutive 7–6–1 record, tied with the Boston Patriots atop the Eastern division. In this era, this required a tiebreaker playoff, the AFL's first. The Patriots and Bills had split their season series, each team winning at home, and the Bills were slight favorites as playoff hosts. The playoff game on December 28 was played","title":"1963 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19093861","text":"2016 Buffalo Bills season The 2016 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 57th overall season as a football team, 47th in the National Football League, fourth under leadership of general manager Doug Whaley and second under head coach Rex Ryan. The Bills hoped to improve on their 8–8 record from 2015, the team's first since 2002, but a 34–31 overtime loss to the Miami Dolphins in Week 16 eliminated the Bills from playoff contention for a 17th season in a row, extending the longest active drought among all four North American major professional sports leagues. It would be Ryan's final","title":"2016 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"14354802","text":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry The Bills–Dolphins rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins. The teams, who are members of the American Football Conference East Division, play two games against one another per season. In the 105 regular season games between the teams in the series, the Dolphins lead 60–44–1 as of 2018. The teams have also met four times in the NFL playoffs. The Bills are 3–1 in the postseason, including a victory in the 1992 AFC Championship Game. After Miami joined the American Football League (AFL) for the 1966 season, it played against","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"20468654","text":"conversion sealed the loss for the Bills as the team fell to 4-8. A late touchdown by Jets running back Elijah McGuire proved to be the game-winning score with just over a minute left. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4–9 and were eliminated from playoff contention. Linebacker Matt Milano suffered a broken fibula late in the game, ending his season. 2018 Buffalo Bills season The 2018 season is the Buffalo Bills' 59th season in the National Football League, their fourth full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula, and their second under both general manager Brandon","title":"2018 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11528023","text":"Buffalo sealed the win with kicker Rian Lindell nailing the game-winning 38-yard field goal. With the win, the Bills improved to 3–0 for the first time since 1992. With the Patriots' loss to the Dolphins, the Bills are now in first place in the AFC East after 3 weeks. Also, during halftime, former Bills DE Bruce Smith (the NFL's All-Time Sack Leader) was added to the Bills Wall of Fame. Coming off their last-second home win over the Raiders, the Bills flew to the Edward Jones Dome for a Week 4 interconference duel with the winless St. Louis Rams. In","title":"2008 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"10278808","text":"1964 American Football League Championship Game The 1964 American Football League Championship Game was the American Football League's fifth championship game, played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York, on Saturday, December 26. The Buffalo Bills (12–2) of the Eastern Division hosted the defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers (8–5–1) of the Western Division. The two had met twice in the regular season and the Bills won both, most recently by three points in San Diego a month earlier on Thanksgiving Day. Hall of fame wide receiver Lance Alworth of the Chargers was injured in the final regular season","title":"1964 American Football League Championship Game"},{"id":"16698663","text":"the Bills and Gino Cappelletti made four field goals and two extra points to help lift the Patriots to victory. Throughout the remainder of the decade, the teams would complete a 12–9 record in favor of the Patriots. The Bills won the AFL championship game in 1964 and 1965, and won the division in 1966. The Patriots lost to the San Diego Chargers in their only AFLchampionship appearance in 1963. Both teams were placed into the AFC East after the AFL–NFL merger. During this time period, the Bills went 12–8 against the Patriots. The Bills sustained a winning streak of","title":"Bills–Patriots rivalry"},{"id":"15201249","text":"2011 Buffalo Bills season The 2011 Buffalo Bills season was the team's 42nd season in the National Football League and its 52nd overall. The Bills improved on their 4–12 record from the 2010 season, winning six games; however, the team also missed the playoffs for the twelfth consecutive season; the team had not made the playoffs since 1999, the longest standing playoff drought in the NFL at the time. Buffalo played in the Eastern division of the American Football Conference (AFC). In week 3 of the season, the Bills broke a 15-game losing streak that the team had accrued against","title":"2011 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"12853207","text":"Miami Dolphins, New England Patriots, and New York Jets), four intra-conference games versus the AFC South (one game each against the Houston Texans, Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans), four inter-conference games against teams from the NFC South (one game each against the Atlanta Falcons, Carolina Panthers, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and two games against the remaining two AFC teams that, like Buffalo, finished fourth in their respective divisions in 2008 (one game each versus the Cleveland Browns and Kansas City Chiefs). For the first time, the Bills faced the Buccaneers in Buffalo; in the 33-year","title":"2009 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"5201048","text":"AFC East The American Football Conference – Eastern Division or AFC East is a division of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC). There are currently four teams that reside in the division: the Buffalo Bills (based in Orchard Park, New York); the Miami Dolphins (based in Miami Gardens, Florida); the New England Patriots (based in Foxborough, Massachusetts); and the New York Jets (based in East Rutherford, New Jersey). Since the division's enfranchisement in 1960, with the creation of the American Football League, the division has been represented in nineteen Super Bowls and won eight of them. The","title":"AFC East"},{"id":"17736249","text":"2014 Buffalo Bills season The 2014 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, 55th season of competition, second under head coach Doug Marrone and the first in franchise history without Ralph Wilson as owner. The Bills improved on their 6–10 record from 2013, finishing with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 2004, but it still didn't help the team make the playoffs. Ralph Wilson, the founding owner of the Buffalo Bills, died at the age of 95 on March 25, 2014. In his will, Wilson placed the team into a trust governed","title":"2014 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"5201050","text":"Bowls. The Jets held a record of 392-468-8, with a playoff record of 12-13 including a victory in Super Bowl III. In 2012, the Patriots broke a tie with the Dolphins for winning the most division titles; with subsequent division titles in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 the Patriots have won 20 AFL/AFC East division titles to Miami's 14. The Bills have won ten division titles, and the Jets have won four. Two teams formerly in the division combined for ten AFL/AFC East titles – the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) won four division titles (and the 1960","title":"AFC East"},{"id":"14354818","text":"The Dolphins won a close game 34–31 in overtime to move to 10–5 on the year and clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 2008 with a Denver Broncos loss the next day. Buffalo, on the other hand, was eliminated from the postseason with the loss despite posting a franchise record 589 yards of offense in a single game. Its defense allowed a 57-yard run from Ajayi in overtime with only 10 defenders on the field, which set up Miami's game-winning field goal. Shortly after the game, the Bills fired head coach Rex Ryan. The Bills and Dolphins","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"15201254","text":"win over Washington in Toronto (their only victory north of the border, as their Toronto Series was cancelled after the 2013 season), Buffalo suffered a seven-game losing streak to the New York Jets (twice), Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins (twice), Tennessee Titans and San Diego Chargers, with the Week 14 loss to San Diego eliminating the team from postseason contention (with the Detroit Lions earning a playoff spot in Week 16, and the Houston Texans winning the AFC South in 2011, the Bills now have sole possession of the NFL's longest current playoff drought, at 12 and counting). The 2011 losing","title":"2011 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"18405739","text":"2009 and 2010 before his firing in 2014. He became the 18th head coach in Bills history and the fifth in the past seven years in the process. Ryan replaced Doug Marrone, who opted out of his contract on December 31, 2014 in order to take advantage of a contract loophole. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Bills franchise reached the 400th career win in its history with a 27-14 win over the Colts. Running backs Karlos Williams, LeSean McCoy and quarterback Tyrod Taylor combined for 137 rushing yards and a touchdown (Anthony Dixon added another on","title":"2015 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11640040","text":"1973 Buffalo Bills season The 1973 Buffalo Bills season was the 14th season for the team and their fourth season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills finished in second place in the AFC East division and finished the 1973 NFL season with a record of 9 wins and 5 losses, the team's first winning record since 1966. Head coach Lou Saban began the second season of his second tenure with the Bills. Saban had previously led the team to the 1964 and 1965 AFL championships. It was the first season that the team played in Rich Stadium (now","title":"1973 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11640068","text":"1988 Buffalo Bills season The 1988 Buffalo Bills season was the 29th season for the team and the 19th season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills ended a streak of four consecutive losing seasons by winning the AFC East; they finished the NFL's 1988 season with a record of 12 wins and 4 losses; it was the club's first winning season since 1981, its first 12-win season since the 1964 AFL championship season, and only the fifth double-digit win season in team history. The Bills were 8–0 at home for the first time in their franchise history. On","title":"1988 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"14354804","text":"1969, 28–3. The game, which featured two receiving touchdowns by O. J. Simpson, proved to be their last win in the series for 11 years. Following the 1969 season, the AFL and NFL completed the AFL–NFL merger by re-aligning the NFL's divisions. The Bills and Dolphins joined the NFL's new AFC East division, guaranteeing that they would play twice per year, once at each team's home stadium. In the 1970s, Miami won all 20 meetings between the teams; 12 of the victories came by 10 or more points. One of the most notable games of this period came in 1972,","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"19093866","text":"With the win, the Bills improve to 4–2 and their first four-game winning streak since 2008 (the team started that season 4–0 in Dick Jauron's last full season as head coach). The Bills led 17–6 by the start of the fourth quarter, but the Dolphins came back to win 28–25, causing the Bills to drop to 4–3. With the loss, not only did the Bills drop to 4–5, but they also lost center Eric Wood for the season. With the win, the Bills improved to 5–5, but running back LeSean McCoy, wide receiver Robert Woods and safety Robert Blanton left","title":"2016 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"17736259","text":"in making the call.\" 2014 Buffalo Bills season The 2014 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, 55th season of competition, second under head coach Doug Marrone and the first in franchise history without Ralph Wilson as owner. The Bills improved on their 6–10 record from 2013, finishing with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 2004, but it still didn't help the team make the playoffs. Ralph Wilson, the founding owner of the Buffalo Bills, died at the age of 95 on March 25, 2014. In his will, Wilson placed the team","title":"2014 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"14354813","text":"Dolphins victory over the Bills, sportswriter Bill Plaschke called the game \"a considerable step toward making their rivalry the ugliest in the league\". The teams met twice more in the playoffs during the 1990s. On December 30, 1995, Buffalo broke the league record for rushing yards in a game with 341, winning 37–22. This was Dolphins head coach Don Shula's last game in the NFL. Three seasons later, the teams met at Pro Player Stadium on January 2, 1999 for their fourth of the decade, which the Dolphins won 24–17 after forcing five Bills turnovers. In regular season games during","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"18419139","text":"time since Super Bowl XXVI, as the Bills came into this game having won the last 6 games against Washington. With the win, the Redskins clinched the division title for the first time since 2012. Redskins fans would travel well for this game, and the Redskins powered out to a 24–0 lead during the second quarter. The Cowboys would try to come back, but they wouldn't, as the Skins won 34–23. With the win, the Redskins ended their season at 9–7, their first winning record since 2012. The Redskins, favored by 1, struggled in the second half, letting Green Bay","title":"2015 Washington Redskins season"},{"id":"16514293","text":"the Jets failing to secure a playoff berth by losing a game to the Bills via three missed field goals. In 1998, the Jets secured their first ever AFC East division title by beating the Bills. In 2008, the Bills were coming off a 5–1 start, but lost 8 of their remaining ten games to finish 7–9 and out of the playoffs. Two of those losses came against the Jets; the latter included a J. P. Losman fumble returned for the Jets' game-winning touchdown as the Bills were trying to run out the clock. In 2009, Mark Sanchez threw 5","title":"Bills–Jets rivalry"},{"id":"19799727","text":"the Dolphins added a field goal. The Bills then fought off a comeback, including a fight that saw Jarvis Landry and Kenyan Drake get ejected. After a Miami touchdown that left them down six, history from the Bills–Dolphins game two weeks prior repeated itself: the Dolphins recovered an onside kick, then threw an interception with a minute to go to seal the game. With the win, Buffalo improved to 9–7, its first winning season since 2014. At the end of the game, the Bills were still waiting for the final outcome between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Baltimore Ravens to","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"4777854","text":"championship drought as long, as of 2013 (50 years). This is also the only time that the Chargers have beaten the Patriots in a postseason game. Mike Stratton's hit on San Diego Chargers Running Back Keith Lincoln set the stage for the Buffalo Bills and their first AFL championship. This was the last AFL Championship Game before the Super Bowl era began the following season and the last time a final pro football championship game was played in December. It was also the most recent championship won by a Buffalo-based professional sports team. The Bills went into the 1966 AFL","title":"American Football League playoffs"},{"id":"39958","text":"American Football League led by head coach Buster Ramsey and joined the NFL as part of the AFL–NFL merger in 1970. The Bills won two consecutive American Football League titles in 1964 and 1965, but the club has yet to win a league championship since. Once the AFL–NFL merger took effect, the Bills became the second NFL team to represent the city; they followed the Buffalo All-Americans, a charter member of the league. Buffalo had been left out of the league since the All-Americans (by that point renamed the Bisons) folded in 1929; the Bills were no less than the","title":"Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"19799730","text":"donations to his charity, the P.U.N.T. Foundation, which has extensive operations in Western New York. As a result of Buffalo making it into the NFL playoffs for the first time since 1999, the Cleveland Browns now hold the longest NFL postseason drought at 15 seasons. MLB's Seattle Mariners hold the longest such drought in all North American sports at 17 seasons. The Bills were looking to win their first playoff game since 1995, as they faced the #3-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, another team that has recently ended a lengthy playoff drought. Despite taking a 3–0 lead shortly before halftime on a","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"16514291","text":"and Jets finished with winning records. Regardless, the two teams share a bond due to similarities in their team playing styles and luck. The Bills lead the overall series, 62–55. The Bills won the two teams' only postseason meeting, defeating the Jets 31–27 in the 1981 AFC Wild Card round. There were a handful of memorable games in the early history of this rivalry. In 1973, O.J. Simpson eclipsed Jim Brown's rushing yards record to surpass 2,000 yards in a 34–6 Bills win. Eight years later, the teams played their only playoff game together. In the 1981 AFC Wild Card","title":"Bills–Jets rivalry"},{"id":"19799720","text":"team with over 180 yards from scrimmage and rookie linebacker Matt Milano also scored off a fumble recovery. With the win, the Bills improved to 5–2 for the third time since 2008. Coming off the convincing win against Oakland, the Bills traveled to New Jersey for a Thursday Night rematch against their division rivals New York Jets. Though heavily favored to win, the Bills played poorly on defense and allowed the Jets to run for 194 yards and three rushing touchdowns. The offense surrendered three fumbles which ultimately influenced the course of the game, despite receivers Zay Jones and Deonte","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9861012","text":"Patriots team; the Bills won against the Patriots in September, then in late October the Patriots won after three touchdowns were scored in the final 85 seconds. The Bills still made the playoffs as the Wild Card home team; they became the first victim of the cinderella Jacksonville Jaguars, the first (and as of the present only) visiting team ever to win a playoff game at Rich Stadium. Jim Kelly retired after the season after the Bills management told him they were moving in a new direction and wanted him to help develop a younger QB to take over, signaling","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"11640074","text":"1989 Buffalo Bills season The 1989 Buffalo Bills season was the 30th season for the team and the 20th season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills finished in first place in the AFC East and finished the National Football League's 1989 season with a record of 9 wins and 7 losses. Although Buffalo won the division and qualified for the postseason, their record was a drop off from their 12–4 mark in 1988. The team was nicknamed the Bickering Bills because of a rash of internal conflicts within the team. During a Monday Night loss to the Denver","title":"1989 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"214572","text":"the next week in the Divisional Round as the New York Jets defeated the Jaguars 34–24. In 1999, the Jaguars compiled a league best 14–2 regular season record, the best record in franchise history. The team's two losses were to the Tennessee Titans. The Jaguars won the AFC Central Division for the second straight year and clinched the #1 seed in the AFC. The Jaguars hosted the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Divisional playoffs, a 62–7 victory in what would be Dan Marino and Jimmy Johnson's last NFL game. Jacksonville's 62 points and 55-point margin are the second most ever","title":"Jacksonville Jaguars"},{"id":"12853232","text":"victory for the Jets. With the loss, Buffalo fell to 4–8 overall and 1–2 since firing Jauron. Buffalo won its season finale for the first time since 2002. 2009 Buffalo Bills season The 2009 Buffalo Bills season was the 50th Professional Football season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. The Bills were unable to improve upon their third consecutive 7–9 regular season record (2006, 2007 and 2008) and failed to make the playoffs for the 10th consecutive year, the longest standing playoff drought in the NFL. Dick Jauron returned as head coach for","title":"2009 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"4327073","text":"Miracle was added to the list of infamous moments in Buffalo sports history, joining \"Wide Right\" and \"No Goal\". It marked the start of what eventually became the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major North American sports leagues, as the Bills would go on to miss the playoffs for 17 straight years, finally qualifying again in the 2017 season (the playoff game in question then taking place in 2018). The Bills' last playoff win came in . Although the Bills had lost four consecutive Super Bowls before this game, many Bills fans consider this game to","title":"Music City Miracle"},{"id":"5394248","text":"Dolphins in the divisional round of the 1990–91 NFL playoffs, destroying the Los Angeles Raiders 51 to 3 in the AFC championship game, but barely losing to the Bill Parcells-led New York Giants in Super Bowl XXV 20 to 19. In 1991, the Bills won the AFC east division again, beating the Kansas City Chiefs in the divisional round of the 1991–92 NFL playoffs, the Denver Broncos in the AFC championship game but losing to the Joe Gibbs-led Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI. One more year of joy and frustration occurred in 1992, when the Bills won the AFC","title":"Kent Hull"},{"id":"9861623","text":"1–15 in 2007 to 11–5. Additionally, Miami won the AFC East, becoming the first team in NFL history to win their division after only having one win the previous season. However, the Dolphins lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Baltimore Ravens, 27–9. In 2009 the Dolphins again started off 0–2. Tom Brady returned to action, and so another Dolphins division title seemed unlikely. In week 3 Chad Pennington suffered a shoulder injury against the San Diego Chargers and was out for the rest of the 2009 season. Second-year quarterback Chad Henne replaced him. Under Henne, the","title":"History of the Miami Dolphins"},{"id":"11467709","text":"The Bills, under backup quarterback Frank Reich, defeated the Miami Dolphins and wrapped up the AFC East title. Reich connected with James Lofton and Andre Reed for touchdowns, ultimately winning 24–14 despite fourteen penalties to five for Miami. Bills Head Coach Marv Levy decided to rest his starters for the playoffs, dropping the final game of the season in Washington, 29–14. The Bills finish with their best record in club history at 13 wins 3 losses. Miami Dolphins (12–4) at Buffalo Bills (13–3) Despite being a close score, the Bills never trailed in this classic Jim Kelly versus Dan Marino","title":"1990 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"10278610","text":"teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner. The Buffalo Bills won their first nine games, before Boston beat them at home on November 15, 36–28. Buffalo came back from a 24–14 deficit at San Diego on Thanksgiving Day to eke out a 27–24 win. On December 6 at Oakland, the Raiders beat the Bills on the final play of","title":"1964 American Football League season"},{"id":"18405743","text":"did the Bills improve to 6-6, they remained in the wild card race. It’s also the Bills first win against the Texans since 2006. LeSean McCoy made his return to Philadelphia for the first time since the Eagles traded him in the offseason. McCoy was seen kissing the Eagles logo, but did not stick around to interact with his former teammates or coach Chip Kelly. With the loss, not only did the Bills drop to 6-8, but they were officially eliminated from playoff contention for the 16th consecutive season. With the win, the Bills improved to 7-8 heading into the","title":"2015 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"12905466","text":"Buffalo Bills, the Dolphins would end the season with a 3–10–1 record. Their week 10 loss to the Buffalo Bills would be the last time the Dolphins lost to the Bills until 1980, as the Dolphins won 20 straight against the Bills from 1970–1979. This became known as \"The Streak\", as it set an NFL record for longest winning streak for one team against one opponent, which, as of 2018, is still an NFL record that has not been seriously threatened. 1969 Miami Dolphins season The 1969 Miami Dolphins season was the team's fourth season, and their final season in","title":"1969 Miami Dolphins season"},{"id":"11711245","text":"a 4th and 1 with under two minutes to go. Eric Moulds caught 9 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while Peerless Price caught 4 passes for 101 yards and a touchdown. With this win, the Bills were 5-3 and tied for first place in the division with the Dolphins. \"at Ralph Wilson Stadium, Orchard Park, New York\" After three straight wins, the Bills' next game against the Patriots - which was also Drew Bledsoe's first game against his former team - was a disaster. The Patriots marched down the field on their opening possession with Tom Brady finding","title":"2002 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11629688","text":"1966 Buffalo Bills season The 1966 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s seventh season in the American Football League. It was the first season for head coach Joe Collier, who had been the Bills' defensive coordinator for the previous four seasons. It ended with a loss in the AFL Championship Game to the Kansas City Chiefs, ending the team's two-year reign as league champions. The score was 31-7 during the time. The Bills allowed the fewest points in the AFL for the third consecutive year. Although defensive tackle Tom Sestak hampered by a bad knee, defensive linemen Jim Dunaway and","title":"1966 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799714","text":"and two touchdowns and kicker Steven Hauschka kicking four field goals, including two from beyond 50 yards. The Bills defense intercepted QB Trevor Siemian twice as the team won a close-fought game 26–16. An unsportsmanlike-conduct penalty against LB Von Miller allowed the Bills to continue a stalled drive in the fourth quarter and ice the game with Hauschka's fourth field goal. With the win, the Bills improved to 2–1 heading into their Week 4 matchup against the defending NFC Champion Atlanta Falcons. Prior to the game, several members of both teams knelt during the national anthem in the wake of","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"12330364","text":"1979 Miami Dolphins season The 1979 Miami Dolphins season was the 14th year of existence for the Miami Dolphins franchise. Prior to the start of the season the Dolphins re-signed Larry Csonka who left to join the WFL after the 1974 season. Despite struggles from Bob Griese all year, the Dolphins finished 10-6 and won their first division title in five years. Among the season highlights were the Dolphins 19th and 20th consecutive wins over the Buffalo Bills. For the entire decade of the 1970s (1970–79) the Dolphins hold a perfect 20-0 record over the Bills, which contributed to O.J.","title":"1979 Miami Dolphins season"},{"id":"14354810","text":"who became key figures in the rivalry. From 1986 to 1996, they had a total of 21 matchups, counting postseason games. In the , the Bills and Dolphins met for the first time in the postseason. Buffalo won the divisional round game, held at Rich Stadium, 44–34, as Kelly threw for three touchdowns. Two seasons later, the teams met again in the playoffs, this time in the . Players from both teams commented on the rivalry's intensity at the time; Richmond Webb, a Miami offensive lineman, said, \"I don't know how it got started – it was a long time","title":"Bills–Dolphins rivalry"},{"id":"10914748","text":"McCoy to the Bills. On December 19, 2017, McCoy was named to his sixth Pro Bowl. The Bills finished the regular season with a 9–7 record and made the playoffs as the #6-seed. In the Wild Card Round against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he finished with 75 rushing yards and 44 receiving yards as the Bills lost by a score of 10–3. Despite a chaotic offseason, the Bills named McCoy a team captain for the 2018 season. Out of the gate, McCoy struggled along with the team partly due to an overall inexperienced offensive unit. In the first nine games, McCoy","title":"LeSean McCoy"},{"id":"11710757","text":"1969 Buffalo Bills season The 1969 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s tenth season, and was the final season of the American Football League before the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. The Bills played an AFL-record seven games against opponents that went on to reach the postseason; Buffalo lost all seven of these games. The 1969 season was the first for running back O.J. Simpson, who would go on to a Hall of Fame career. Although Buffalo only won four games, their penultimate win—a Week Ten victory against the Miami Dolphins—would be their last victory against the Dolphins until the 1980 season.","title":"1969 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"16980186","text":"2013 Buffalo Bills season The 2013 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Marrone. It was also the final season under the ownership of Ralph Wilson, who died in March 2014 at the age of 95. The team equaled their record from 2012 and missed the playoffs, increasing their playoff drought to 14 seasons. This was the first year of renewed leases on Ralph Wilson Stadium and for the Bills Toronto Series, both of which were signed in the preceding offseason. The Toronto series was originally set","title":"2013 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9860995","text":"of a 16-game season. The team made the NFL playoffs at 9–5 for the first time in history in 1974, but in their divisional playoff, they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. After an 8–6 1975 season, the Bills had internal troubles in 1976; Ferguson was injured and Gary Marangi proved ineffective in replacement. The team dropped to the bottom of the AFC East at 2–12, where they stayed for the rest of the 1970s. On a high note, the 1976 Thanksgiving Day game saw Simpson set the league record for rushing yards in a game,","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"19093868","text":"game to overtime with a 55-yard field goal with six seconds on the clock. They then secured the win with 47 seconds left in the extra period with another field goal from 27 yards. The loss for the Bills meant they were eliminated from playoff contention for the 17th consecutive season. Two days later, the Bills fired head coach Rex Ryan and assistant head coach Rob Ryan. Anthony Lynn served as interim head coach, and EJ Manuel made his first start of the season. With the loss, Buffalo ended the season 7–9. 2016 Buffalo Bills season The 2016 Buffalo Bills","title":"2016 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"16698674","text":"a win and help from other teams to win the AFC East, while the 7–8 Bills were wrapping up the ninth straight season without a playoff berth. Played with severe wind gusts that required stadium officials to use ropes to keep the goalposts from swaying, the game was a 13–0 Patriots win as Matt Cassel, subbing for injured Tom Brady, threw only eight passes. However, the Patriots fell short of the division title. The game on September 26, 2010 was noteworthy on several levels. The Patriots won 38–30, marking the 400th win in the history of the Patriots franchise (regular-season","title":"Bills–Patriots rivalry"},{"id":"16977185","text":"became the first team of the 2013 season to win their division, securing a home playoff game. With the Titans' loss to the Cardinals in Week 15, the Colts were the only AFC South team to make the playoffs. In the AFC Wild Card Game against the Kansas City Chiefs, the Colts rallied to turn a 38–10 Chiefs' lead into a 45–44 victory for the second largest comeback in NFL playoff history. It is behind only the Bills who rallied from a 32-point deficit in the 1993 AFC Wild Card Game. Notes For the first time since the 2002 season,","title":"2013 Indianapolis Colts season"},{"id":"9861004","text":"finishing 13–3 again and with Thurman Thomas winning a couple of awards. In the playoffs, they routed the Kansas City Chiefs 37-14 in the divisional round and beat the Denver Broncos in a defensive struggle, 10-7, in the AFC Championship. The Bills looked to avenge their heartbreaking Super Bowl loss a year earlier by playing the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI, but it was not to be. The Redskins opened up a 17–0 halftime lead and never looked back, handing the Bills a 37–24 loss. Early in that game, Thurman Thomas lost his helmet and had to sit out","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"16514296","text":"The Bills also added former Jets Percy Harvin and IK Enemkpali, the latter one day after he was released for breaking Geno Smith's jaw in a locker room altercation. The Bills won both games in 2015, knocking the Jets out of playoff contention with their second win. Tensions arose during the first game on \"Thursday Night Football\" when both teams were still in the hunt for a playoff spot, especially after Ryan made Enemkpali a team captain for that game. The Bills and Jets entered the 2017 season with low expectations, with New York having released or traded away many","title":"Bills–Jets rivalry"},{"id":"9908605","text":"failed to score as a forced pass by Pennington with 6 seconds left ended up in the acrobatic arms of Terrence McGee, preserving the 17–14 victory. The Bills took over second place in the AFC East at 1–3 because of the win, while the Jets fell to 1–3. Coming off their divisional home win over the Jets, the Bills stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms, and played their first home Monday Night football game in 13 years against the undefeated Dallas Cowboys. In the first quarter, Buffalo got off to a fast start with DB George Wilson returning an","title":"2007 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19799711","text":"1-yard TD passes to both TE Charles Clay and WR Andre Holmes, while FB Mike Tolbert rushed for a third touchdown. With Tolbert's score, the Bills recorded a rushing touchdown in 13 straight games, tying a team record set in 1980 and extending the longest active streak in the NFL. Safeties Jordan Poyer and Micah Hyde both got their first takeaways as Bills in the fourth quarter, with Hyde's interception ending any hope of a Jets rally. With the win, the Bills opened the season at 1–0 and in first place in the AFC East heading into their Week 2","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"5394249","text":"east division title again, beating the Houston Oilers in a wild-card game of the 1992–93 NFL playoffs, the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, the Miami Dolphins in the AFC championship game, but losing to the Jimmie Johnson-led Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVII. More joys and frustrations occurred in 1993, when the Bills won the AFC east division title again, beating the Los Angeles Raiders in the divisional round of the 1993–94 NFL playoffs, the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC championship game (rushing for 229 yards, 186 by Thomas), but losing to the Johnson-led Dallas Cowboys in Super","title":"Kent Hull"},{"id":"5394250","text":"Bowl XXVIII. The Bills ran out of gas in 1994, finishing only with a won-lost record of 7–9. But in 1995, the Bills came back to prominence by winning the AFC east divisional title to beat the Dolphins in a wild-card game of the 1995–96 NFL playoffs, rushing for a ridiculous 334 yards, as Hull mauled the opposing defensive tackles Tim Bowens and Chuck Klingbeil as thoroughly as middle linebacker Bryan Cox, but they lost a divisional round game to the Steelers. In 1996, Hull's final year in the NFL, the Bills made the playoffs but lost a wild-card game","title":"Kent Hull"},{"id":"11639288","text":"Diego Chargers. Doug Flutie led the Bills to a 10–5 record in 1999 but, in a controversial decision, was replaced by Rob Johnson for the playoffs by coach Wade Phillips, who later said he was ordered to by Bills owner Ralph Wilson to do so. The Bills lost 22–16 to the eventual AFC champion Tennessee Titans in a game that has become known as the Music City Miracle, where the Titans scored on the penultimate play of the game—a kickoff return following the Bills' apparent game-clinching field goal. After the season ended, Flutie was named the Bills' backup and only","title":"2000 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"7165365","text":"to \"get away and focus\". The Bills came out of their bye week and defeated the Miami Dolphins by a score of 33–17, improving their season record to 4–4. Ryan is now 2–5 all time following a bye week. Ryan returned to MetLife Stadium in Week 10 for a much anticipated \"Thursday Night Football\" game against the Jets. The Bills won the game by a score of 22–17, and improved to 5–4 on the season. Ryan faced questions before and after the game about his decision to name IK Enemkpali, who had been released by the Jets in preseason after","title":"Rex Ryan"},{"id":"12485082","text":"picked off once. I was the first time the Bills had been swept by the Dolphins since 1986. The Bills hosted the Chiefs with both teams needing the win to make the playoffs. Steve Bono was harassed all game long and held to just 138 yards with two picks. Jim Kelly rallied the Bills from down 9-6 with two touchdowns. The 20-9 win put the Bills into the playoffs as the AFC Wildcard home team while the Chiefs failed to reach the playoffs for the first time in the decade; it was Kansas City's fourth loss in the last five","title":"1996 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9861005","text":"the first two plays, making the Bills the butt of jokes nationwide. The Bills lost the 1992 AFC East title to the Miami Dolphins and Jim Kelly was injured in the final game of the regular season. Backup quarterback Frank Reich started their wild card playoff game against the Houston Oilers, and they were down 35–3 early in the third quarter. But the Bills rallied behind Reich, taking the lead late in the 4th quarter and winning the game in overtime 41-38. The 35-3 deficit remains, to this day, the largest deficit (32 points) overcome to win a game in","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"5201049","text":"most recent appearance in the Super Bowl by an AFC East team was the Patriots in Super Bowl LII. Entering 2018, the Patriots had the most wins in the division's history, with a record of 489-387-9, with a playoff record of 32-19 (5-5 in Super Bowls) entering the playoffs of that season. The Dolphins were second at 439-341-4 (having played 84 fewer games than their division rivals) with a playoff record of 20-21 (2-3 in Super Bowls). The Bills were at 400-460-8 with a playoff record of 14-15 (with two American Football League titles) and 0-4 in four consecutive Super","title":"AFC East"},{"id":"9908616","text":"Later in the game, kicker Rian Lindell sealed Miami's fate as he nailed the game-winning 34-yard field goal. With their fourth-straight win, the Bills improved to 5–4, while Miami remains winless at 0–9. This win gave Buffalo their first four-game winning streak for the first time since 2004. Coming off their close victory over the winless Dolphins, the Bills went home to play the 9–0 New England Patriots, coming off their bye week. The game had just started when Randall Gay picked off J. P. Losman, which led to the Patriots first touchdown, a 6-yard run up the middle by","title":"2007 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"39955","text":"Buffalo Bills The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The Bills compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park, New York. The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York. The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford, New York, an eastern suburb of Rochester. The Bills began play as an original","title":"Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"19799717","text":"when they defeated their rival Cleveland Browns 31–7 the previous week. Already missing wideout Jordan Matthews, the Bills offense sputtered for the most part after tight end Charles Clay suffered a knee injury in the second quarter and was ruled out the rest of the game. The Bengals rallied behind strong performances from quarterback Andy Dalton and receiver A.J. Green despite the duo committing three turnovers, and won a close-fought game in the rain 20–16. With the loss, Buffalo falls to 3–2 going into their bye week. Fresh off their bye week, the Bills returned home to host the Tampa","title":"2017 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9908627","text":"quarter, Buffalo put the game away as Edwards hooked up with Evans again on a 70-yard TD pass to secure a season sweep. With the win, the Bills improved to 7–6. Buffalo's 24 first-quarter points became their most since 1992. Coming off their dominating win over the Dolphins, the Bills flew to Cleveland Browns Stadium for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the Cleveland Browns in a race for the wild card. The game was played under horrible weather conditions with heavy lake effect snow falling throughout the game making it difficult for either team to move the ball offensively.","title":"2007 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"9861011","text":"selecting several key Bills contributors (backup quarterback Frank Reich, wide receiver Don Beebe and tight end Pete Metzelaars) in the expansion draft, where they formed the core of that team's inaugural roster. The Bills again made the playoffs with a 10–6 record, and defeated Miami in the wild card round. They would not get a chance to get back to the Super Bowl—the Pittsburgh Steelers, who went on to advance to the Super Bowl, beat Buffalo in the divisional playoffs 40–21. In 1996, the Bills saw their commanding lead in the AFC East race disappear to a surging New England","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"9861020","text":"passing records in the process. However, in a tough division with all other teams finishing 9–7, they were still in last place. Another Patriots castoff, safety Lawyer Milloy, who joined the Bills days before the 2003 season began, gave the team an immediate boost on defense. After beating eventual champions New England 31–0 in the first game, and crushing the Jaguars in their second game, play-by-play announcer Van Miller immediately announced his retirement as of the end of the season, expecting the team to have a shot at the title. However, the Bills stumbled through the rest of the season,","title":"History of the Buffalo Bills"},{"id":"7174910","text":"players, especially Golden Tate, were upset by Schwartz's decision to be carried off the field against his former team. The Bills ended the season fourth in the NFL in points and yards allowed per game with 18.1 and 312.2, respectively, while ranking third in takeaways with 30. The Bills also finished with their first winning record in ten years at 9–7, with defensive linemen Kyle Williams, Marcell Dareus and Mario Williams being named to the Pro Bowl and the latter two being named First-Team All-Pro. Despite the success, head coach Doug Marrone resigned at the end of the season and","title":"Jim Schwartz"},{"id":"258318","text":"team struggled with defensive injuries in 1991, and narrowly missed the playoffs, losing the AFC's final berth in an overtime loss to the rival New York Jets in the final week of the season. The Dolphins rebounded in 1992, starting the season 6–0 and finishing 11–5 to capture the AFC East title behind a career year from running back Mark Higgs and tight end Keith Jackson, newly acquired from the Philadelphia Eagles as an unrestricted free agent. They crushed the Chargers in the divisional playoffs 31–0, but were defeated by the Buffalo Bills 29–10 in their last AFC Championship appearance","title":"Miami Dolphins"},{"id":"11851129","text":"1962 Buffalo Bills season The 1962 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s third season in the American Football League. The Bills finished the season with a 7–6–1 record, third place in the AFL East; it was the Bills' first-ever season finishing with a winning record. The Bills lost their first five games of the season, but finished the final nine games with only one loss (and one tie). The Bills were a run-heavy offense in 1962; they led the league in rushing yards, with 2,480. The Bills ran the ball 58.8 percent of the time on offense. The Bills gained","title":"1962 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"16980191","text":"goal range. A couple of plays later, Mike Nugent would kick the game winning 43-yard field goal to end the game. With the tough loss, the Bills fell to 2-4. With the win, the Bills improved to 3-4. This marks the Bills' only game outside of the Eastern time zone during the season. With the loss, the Bills fell to 3-6. With the loss, the Bills fell to 3-7. With the win, the Bills improved to 4-7. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4-8. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4-9. With the win, the Bills improved to","title":"2013 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11639380","text":"the call on the field was upheld as a touchdown, and the Titans won the game 22–16. After the game, however, many Bills players and fans continued to insist that it was indeed an illegal forward pass. The victory, in front of a franchise-record crowd at Adelphia Coliseum, allowed the Tennessee franchise to advance to the divisional round of the AFC playoffs for the first time since 1993. Subsequent victories over the Indianapolis Colts and Jacksonville Jaguars sent the Titans to Super Bowl XXXIV to face the St. Louis Rams, where they lost by one yard. It could be said","title":"1999 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"19093867","text":"the game with injuries. With the win, the Bills improved to 6–5, but defensive tackle Corbin Bryant and wide receiver Walt Powell had to miss the rest of the season. With the loss, the Bills dropped to 6–6. With the win, the Bills improved to 7–7 and keep their slim playoff chances alive. The team set a new franchise record for rushing touchdowns in a season (27) with LeSean McCoy's second rushing score of the game. After the Bills took the lead with a touchdown inside the two-minute warning at the end of the fourth quarter, the Dolphins took the","title":"2016 Buffalo Bills season"},{"id":"11847434","text":"Flutie to back up Johnson; Flutie would end the 1998 season with the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award. The opening game for 1998 constituted the first time since 1985 that the Bills played the San Diego Chargers. The reason for this is that before the admission of the Texans in 2002, NFL scheduling formulas for games outside a team’s division were much more influenced by table position during the previous season. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Bye Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 1998 Buffalo Bills season The 1998 Buffalo Bills season was the team's","title":"1998 Buffalo Bills season"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"11951622\",\n \"text\": \"1995 Buffalo Bills season The 1995 Buffalo Bills season was the 36th season for the club and its 26th in the National Football League. After suffering a losing season the previous season, the 1995 Bills won the AFC East, and made the playoffs for the seventh time in eight seasons. They defeated the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card Game in Don Shula's final game as an NFL head coach. The following week they lost to the eventual AFC Champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. The playoff win over Miami represents the last time to date that the Bills have won a\",\n \"title\": \"1995 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799708\",\n \"text\": \"the Dolphins and the Cincinnati Bengals upsetting the Baltimore Ravens 31–27. The Bills also improved on their 7–9 record from 2016 and clinched their first winning season since 2014. However, the Bills lost the wild card game against Jacksonville 3–10, extending their playoff victory drought to 22 years. The Bills are the last team since the NFL re-alignment in 2002 to make the playoffs. General manager Brandon Beane joined the Bills after 19 seasons with the Carolina Panthers, the last two as assistant to then-general manager Dave Gettleman. Beane, who signed an undisclosed deal on May 9, 2017, replaced Doug\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861048\",\n \"text\": \"Sammy Watkins, cornerback Ronald Darby, and defensive tackle Marcell Dareus, were traded away before or during the season. On December 31, 2017, the Bills secured a playoff berth for the first time in 17 seasons with a win over the Miami Dolphins (concurrently with a Baltimore Ravens loss to the Cincinnati Bengals). Their season ended on January 7, 2018, when the Bills lost to the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Wild Card game by a score of 10-3. During the offseason, the Bills overhauled their roster yet again, trading away Tyrod Taylor and tackle Cordy Glenn. In addition, longtime center\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"46812\",\n \"text\": \"York, where they have been since 1973. The Bills, established in 1959, played in War Memorial Stadium until 1973, when Rich Stadium, now New Era Field, opened. The team competes in the AFC East division. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, the Bills have won the AFC conference championship four consecutive times (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993), resulting in four lost Super Bowls (Super Bowl XXV, Super Bowl XXVI, Super Bowl XXVII and Super Bowl XXVIII); they were the only NFL team without a playoff appearance in the 21st century from 2011 until 2017, having missed the playoffs each season since\",\n \"title\": \"Buffalo, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799707\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season The 2017 season was the Buffalo Bills' 58th as a professional football team, 48th in the National Football League and third full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula. The season was the first under the leadership of general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. On December 31, the final week of the regular season, the Bills finally ended their 18-year playoff drought (previously the longest active drought in the NFL and the longest active playoff drought among the four major professional North American sport leagues) with the Bills winning 22–16 over\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799731\",\n \"text\": \"kick by Steven Hauschka, the Jaguars would rally for the victory in a hard-fought defensive game, only sealing the victory with an interception by Jalen Ramsey on the Bills' final drive. 2017 Buffalo Bills season The 2017 season was the Buffalo Bills' 58th as a professional football team, 48th in the National Football League and third full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula. The season was the first under the leadership of general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. On December 31, the final week of the regular season, the Bills finally ended their 18-year\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468641\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Buffalo Bills season The 2018 season is the Buffalo Bills' 59th season in the National Football League, their fourth full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula, and their second under both general manager Brandon Beane and head coach Sean McDermott. The team previously finished with a 9-7 record in 2017 and returned to the playoffs for the first time after having not been to the playoffs since 1999. After a 21–17 loss to the rival Miami Dolphins in Week 13, the Bills failed to improve their 9–7 record from the previous season. They were officially eliminated\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11951624\",\n \"text\": \"for 422 yards and two touchdowns, the Bills jumped to a 27–0 lead going into the fourth quarter, and rushed for an NFL playoff-record 341 yards, led by Thurman Thomas's 25 carries for 158 yards. The Bills forced four turnovers, including intercepting Marino three times, in the victory. It was the final game of Don Shula's coaching career with the Dolphins. As of 2017, this was the last time that the Bills won a playoff game. Running back Bam Morris scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter as the Steelers stopped the Bills from pulling off a comeback. Pittsburgh jumped\",\n \"title\": \"1995 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14179410\",\n \"text\": \"had the toughest schedule for any NFL team since 1971, with nine games against opponents 10–6 or better. Apart from their AFC East division games, the Bills played against the AFC North and NFC North according to the conference rotation, and played the Chiefs and Jaguars based on 2009 divisional positions. Though the Bills were the last team to record their first win in 2010, starting the season with eight consecutive losses, they improved greatly in the second half of the season, with a record of 4–4 to finish the year. Nine of the Bills' twelve losses were to teams\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16980192\",\n \"text\": \"5–9, but were eliminated from playoff contention with the Miami Dolphins' win over the New England Patriots. With the win, the Bills improved to 6-9. With the loss, the Bills ended their season at 6-10. 2013 Buffalo Bills season The 2013 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Marrone. It was also the final season under the ownership of Ralph Wilson, who died in March 2014 at the age of 95. The team equaled their record from 2012 and missed the playoffs, increasing their playoff drought to\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799716\",\n \"text\": \"like a forward pass, but was ruled a fumble and returned for a 52-yard TD by rookie CB Tre'Davious White. With the win, the Bills improve to 3–1 for the first time since 2011 and regained sole possession of first place in the AFC East with the Patriots losing 33–30 to the Panthers, but lost starting receiver Jordan Matthews and starting linebacker Ramon Humber to multi-week thumb injuries. Looking to continue their winning ways after upsetting the Falcons the week prior, the Bills traveled down to Cincinnati to take on the Bengals, who got their first win of the season\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11951580\",\n \"text\": \"1979 Buffalo Bills season The 1979 Buffalo Bills season was the 20th season for the club, and its tenth in the National Football League. Head coach Chuck Knox spent his second season with the Bills in 1979, improving on 1978's record by two games. The Bills were 7–6 with three games left to play, but they lost their final three games to finish with a losing record. (Even if Buffalo had won their final three games, they still would have lost the head-to-head tiebreaker to the Miami Dolphins (who finished 10–6) for the division title.) Buffalo's loss to Miami in\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4702625\",\n \"text\": \"offensive performer with 11 receptions for 154 yards and a touchdown. This was the final game in the career of Dolphins head coach Don Shula, who retired as the NFL's all-time leader in coaching wins. It also marked a continuation of dominance against Miami by Bills coach Marv Levy. Since taking over as Buffalo's coach in 1986, Levy recorded a 17-5 record against the Dolphins, including 3-0 in the playoffs. As of 2017, this is the Bills' most recent playoff victory. Prior to this game, Detroit tackle Lomas Brown famously guaranteed on television that the Lions would win. The Eagles\",\n \"title\": \"1995–96 NFL playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9860996\",\n \"text\": \"despite a 27–14 loss to the Detroit Lions. After the 1977 season, Simpson was traded to the San Francisco 49ers. 1980 marked the 3rd year the Bills were good. They beat the archrival Miami Dolphins for the first time in 11 years in their season opener, en route to an 11-5 season and their first AFC East title. However, they lost to the San Diego Chargers 20-14 in the divisional playoffs. In 1981, the Bills made the playoffs as a wild-card team with a 10-6 record. They defeated the New York Jets 31-27 in the wild card round of the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354819\",\n \"text\": \"did not meet again until Week 15 in the 2017 season. During the game, which also carried playoff implications, Bills running back LeSean McCoy topped 10,000 career rushing yards, becoming just the 30th NFL running back to do so. Buffalo won 24–16 as Dolphins quarterback Jay Cutler threw three interceptions. Two weeks later, a fight ensued after a Dolphins touchdown in the fourth quarter that led to multiple ejections. After staving off a Dolphins comeback, the Bills clinched their first playoff berth in 18 years with a win in Miami, along with a Cincinnati Bengals victory over the Baltimore Ravens.\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736256\",\n \"text\": \"December 14, the Bills broke a league-leading streak of nine consecutive losing seasons dating back to 2005; however, the next week's 26-24 loss to the Oakland Raiders eliminated them from playoff contention for the 15th consecutive year, continuing a league-leading drought. The team finished with a 17-9 win against the New England Patriots, who were resting the starters in preparation for a playoff run; the win was the first time the team had won at Gillette Stadium (they had lost all 12 previous attempts) and established the team's first winning season since 2004 (former head coach Mike Mularkey's first season).\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799710\",\n \"text\": \"the Panthers. McDermott, who signed an undisclosed deal on January 11, 2017, replaced Rex Ryan, who was fired along with his twin brother, Rob. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. With the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots losing 42–27 to the Kansas City Chiefs to kick off the 2017 NFL season and Hurricane Irma delaying the game between the Miami Dolphins and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to Week 11, the Bills hoped to take advantage and grab first place in the AFC East by beating the Jets, who swept them in 2016. Quarterback Tyrod Taylor threw\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11851139\",\n \"text\": \"(Boston was demolished by San Diego, 51–10). 1963 Buffalo Bills season The 1963 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s fourth season in the American Football League. Winless after their first four games, Buffalo won seven of the final ten games, including the final two over the New York Jets, to finish with their second-consecutive 7–6–1 record, tied with the Boston Patriots atop the Eastern division. In this era, this required a tiebreaker playoff, the AFL's first. The Patriots and Bills had split their season series, each team winning at home, and the Bills were slight favorites as playoff hosts. The\",\n \"title\": \"1963 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11639376\",\n \"text\": \"and 4,045 total yards allowed were both the fewest totals in the NFL in 1999. The Bills finished in second place in the AFC East and finished the National Football League's 1999 season with a record of 11 wins and 5 losses. The Bills qualified for the postseason for the seventh time in the decade. They would lose to the Titans in the game called \\\"The Music City Miracle\\\". The team would not make the playoffs again until 2017, where they were defeated by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the Wild-Card round. The Music City Miracle is a famous play in\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"39975\",\n \"text\": \"2017, including a playoff win in 1981. The Bills and Chiefs were also original teams in the AFL and have had a long history against each other, despite never being in the same division. This rivalry heated up recently as the Bills and Chiefs met in consecutive years from 2008 to 2015, and again in 2017. The teams have played three playoff games against each other, including the AFL Championship game that determined the AFL's (later AFC) representative in the first Super Bowl, with Kansas City winning and going on to face the Green Bay Packers in the Super Bowl.\",\n \"title\": \"Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"39956\",\n \"text\": \"franchise of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL–NFL merger for the 1970 season. The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships (\\\"back-to-back\\\" American Football League Championships). The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games. The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team's founding in 1960, until his death in 2014 at the age of 95. After his death, Wilson's\",\n \"title\": \"Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5201056\",\n \"text\": \"be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles. AFC East The American Football Conference – Eastern Division or AFC East is a division of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC). There are currently four teams that reside in the division: the Buffalo Bills (based in Orchard Park, New York); the Miami Dolphins (based in Miami Gardens, Florida); the New England Patriots (based in Foxborough, Massachusetts); and the New York Jets (based in East Rutherford, New Jersey). Since the division's enfranchisement in 1960, with the creation of the American Football League, the division has\",\n \"title\": \"AFC East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12289720\",\n \"text\": \"in the 2000s (2000–2009) and would be the Bills' last winning season until 2014. According to Football Outsiders, who has tracked every play in the NFL since the early 1990s, the 2004 Bills are statistically the best NFL team (in their record-keeping history) to have failed to qualify for the playoffs. The Bills set an NFL record by returning six kickoffs for touchdowns in 2004. Their match with the Miami Dolphins in Week 6 is the only time in the NFL since 1968 that the last two winless teams have met each other. The Bills drafted future starters Lee Evans\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861001\",\n \"text\": \"finished atop the AFC East for the first of four consecutive seasons. After a 17-10 victory over the Houston Oilers in the divisional playoff, they lost the AFC championship 21-10 to the Cincinnati Bengals. 1989 was a relative disappointment, with a 9–7 record and a divisional playoff loss to the Cleveland Browns. The Bills had a chance to win the game as time was running out, but Ronnie Harmon dropped a Kelly pass in the corner of the end zone. During this season, the Bills were called the \\\"Bickering Bills\\\" by the fans and media due to significant infighting among\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11851134\",\n \"text\": \"1963 Buffalo Bills season The 1963 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s fourth season in the American Football League. Winless after their first four games, Buffalo won seven of the final ten games, including the final two over the New York Jets, to finish with their second-consecutive 7–6–1 record, tied with the Boston Patriots atop the Eastern division. In this era, this required a tiebreaker playoff, the AFL's first. The Patriots and Bills had split their season series, each team winning at home, and the Bills were slight favorites as playoff hosts. The playoff game on December 28 was played\",\n \"title\": \"1963 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19093861\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Buffalo Bills season The 2016 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 57th overall season as a football team, 47th in the National Football League, fourth under leadership of general manager Doug Whaley and second under head coach Rex Ryan. The Bills hoped to improve on their 8–8 record from 2015, the team's first since 2002, but a 34–31 overtime loss to the Miami Dolphins in Week 16 eliminated the Bills from playoff contention for a 17th season in a row, extending the longest active drought among all four North American major professional sports leagues. It would be Ryan's final\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354802\",\n \"text\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry The Bills–Dolphins rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins. The teams, who are members of the American Football Conference East Division, play two games against one another per season. In the 105 regular season games between the teams in the series, the Dolphins lead 60–44–1 as of 2018. The teams have also met four times in the NFL playoffs. The Bills are 3–1 in the postseason, including a victory in the 1992 AFC Championship Game. After Miami joined the American Football League (AFL) for the 1966 season, it played against\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20468654\",\n \"text\": \"conversion sealed the loss for the Bills as the team fell to 4-8. A late touchdown by Jets running back Elijah McGuire proved to be the game-winning score with just over a minute left. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4–9 and were eliminated from playoff contention. Linebacker Matt Milano suffered a broken fibula late in the game, ending his season. 2018 Buffalo Bills season The 2018 season is the Buffalo Bills' 59th season in the National Football League, their fourth full season under the ownership of Terry and Kim Pegula, and their second under both general manager Brandon\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11528023\",\n \"text\": \"Buffalo sealed the win with kicker Rian Lindell nailing the game-winning 38-yard field goal. With the win, the Bills improved to 3–0 for the first time since 1992. With the Patriots' loss to the Dolphins, the Bills are now in first place in the AFC East after 3 weeks. Also, during halftime, former Bills DE Bruce Smith (the NFL's All-Time Sack Leader) was added to the Bills Wall of Fame. Coming off their last-second home win over the Raiders, the Bills flew to the Edward Jones Dome for a Week 4 interconference duel with the winless St. Louis Rams. In\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10278808\",\n \"text\": \"1964 American Football League Championship Game The 1964 American Football League Championship Game was the American Football League's fifth championship game, played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York, on Saturday, December 26. The Buffalo Bills (12–2) of the Eastern Division hosted the defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers (8–5–1) of the Western Division. The two had met twice in the regular season and the Bills won both, most recently by three points in San Diego a month earlier on Thanksgiving Day. Hall of fame wide receiver Lance Alworth of the Chargers was injured in the final regular season\",\n \"title\": \"1964 American Football League Championship Game\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16698663\",\n \"text\": \"the Bills and Gino Cappelletti made four field goals and two extra points to help lift the Patriots to victory. Throughout the remainder of the decade, the teams would complete a 12–9 record in favor of the Patriots. The Bills won the AFL championship game in 1964 and 1965, and won the division in 1966. The Patriots lost to the San Diego Chargers in their only AFLchampionship appearance in 1963. Both teams were placed into the AFC East after the AFL–NFL merger. During this time period, the Bills went 12–8 against the Patriots. The Bills sustained a winning streak of\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Patriots rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15201249\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Buffalo Bills season The 2011 Buffalo Bills season was the team's 42nd season in the National Football League and its 52nd overall. The Bills improved on their 4–12 record from the 2010 season, winning six games; however, the team also missed the playoffs for the twelfth consecutive season; the team had not made the playoffs since 1999, the longest standing playoff drought in the NFL at the time. Buffalo played in the Eastern division of the American Football Conference (AFC). In week 3 of the season, the Bills broke a 15-game losing streak that the team had accrued against\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12853207\",\n \"text\": \"Miami Dolphins, New England Patriots, and New York Jets), four intra-conference games versus the AFC South (one game each against the Houston Texans, Indianapolis Colts, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans), four inter-conference games against teams from the NFC South (one game each against the Atlanta Falcons, Carolina Panthers, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and two games against the remaining two AFC teams that, like Buffalo, finished fourth in their respective divisions in 2008 (one game each versus the Cleveland Browns and Kansas City Chiefs). For the first time, the Bills faced the Buccaneers in Buffalo; in the 33-year\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5201048\",\n \"text\": \"AFC East The American Football Conference – Eastern Division or AFC East is a division of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC). There are currently four teams that reside in the division: the Buffalo Bills (based in Orchard Park, New York); the Miami Dolphins (based in Miami Gardens, Florida); the New England Patriots (based in Foxborough, Massachusetts); and the New York Jets (based in East Rutherford, New Jersey). Since the division's enfranchisement in 1960, with the creation of the American Football League, the division has been represented in nineteen Super Bowls and won eight of them. The\",\n \"title\": \"AFC East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736249\",\n \"text\": \"2014 Buffalo Bills season The 2014 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, 55th season of competition, second under head coach Doug Marrone and the first in franchise history without Ralph Wilson as owner. The Bills improved on their 6–10 record from 2013, finishing with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 2004, but it still didn't help the team make the playoffs. Ralph Wilson, the founding owner of the Buffalo Bills, died at the age of 95 on March 25, 2014. In his will, Wilson placed the team into a trust governed\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5201050\",\n \"text\": \"Bowls. The Jets held a record of 392-468-8, with a playoff record of 12-13 including a victory in Super Bowl III. In 2012, the Patriots broke a tie with the Dolphins for winning the most division titles; with subsequent division titles in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 the Patriots have won 20 AFL/AFC East division titles to Miami's 14. The Bills have won ten division titles, and the Jets have won four. Two teams formerly in the division combined for ten AFL/AFC East titles – the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) won four division titles (and the 1960\",\n \"title\": \"AFC East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354818\",\n \"text\": \"The Dolphins won a close game 34–31 in overtime to move to 10–5 on the year and clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 2008 with a Denver Broncos loss the next day. Buffalo, on the other hand, was eliminated from the postseason with the loss despite posting a franchise record 589 yards of offense in a single game. Its defense allowed a 57-yard run from Ajayi in overtime with only 10 defenders on the field, which set up Miami's game-winning field goal. Shortly after the game, the Bills fired head coach Rex Ryan. The Bills and Dolphins\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15201254\",\n \"text\": \"win over Washington in Toronto (their only victory north of the border, as their Toronto Series was cancelled after the 2013 season), Buffalo suffered a seven-game losing streak to the New York Jets (twice), Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins (twice), Tennessee Titans and San Diego Chargers, with the Week 14 loss to San Diego eliminating the team from postseason contention (with the Detroit Lions earning a playoff spot in Week 16, and the Houston Texans winning the AFC South in 2011, the Bills now have sole possession of the NFL's longest current playoff drought, at 12 and counting). The 2011 losing\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18405739\",\n \"text\": \"2009 and 2010 before his firing in 2014. He became the 18th head coach in Bills history and the fifth in the past seven years in the process. Ryan replaced Doug Marrone, who opted out of his contract on December 31, 2014 in order to take advantage of a contract loophole. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Bills franchise reached the 400th career win in its history with a 27-14 win over the Colts. Running backs Karlos Williams, LeSean McCoy and quarterback Tyrod Taylor combined for 137 rushing yards and a touchdown (Anthony Dixon added another on\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11640040\",\n \"text\": \"1973 Buffalo Bills season The 1973 Buffalo Bills season was the 14th season for the team and their fourth season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills finished in second place in the AFC East division and finished the 1973 NFL season with a record of 9 wins and 5 losses, the team's first winning record since 1966. Head coach Lou Saban began the second season of his second tenure with the Bills. Saban had previously led the team to the 1964 and 1965 AFL championships. It was the first season that the team played in Rich Stadium (now\",\n \"title\": \"1973 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11640068\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Buffalo Bills season The 1988 Buffalo Bills season was the 29th season for the team and the 19th season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills ended a streak of four consecutive losing seasons by winning the AFC East; they finished the NFL's 1988 season with a record of 12 wins and 4 losses; it was the club's first winning season since 1981, its first 12-win season since the 1964 AFL championship season, and only the fifth double-digit win season in team history. The Bills were 8–0 at home for the first time in their franchise history. On\",\n \"title\": \"1988 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354804\",\n \"text\": \"1969, 28–3. The game, which featured two receiving touchdowns by O. J. Simpson, proved to be their last win in the series for 11 years. Following the 1969 season, the AFL and NFL completed the AFL–NFL merger by re-aligning the NFL's divisions. The Bills and Dolphins joined the NFL's new AFC East division, guaranteeing that they would play twice per year, once at each team's home stadium. In the 1970s, Miami won all 20 meetings between the teams; 12 of the victories came by 10 or more points. One of the most notable games of this period came in 1972,\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19093866\",\n \"text\": \"With the win, the Bills improve to 4–2 and their first four-game winning streak since 2008 (the team started that season 4–0 in Dick Jauron's last full season as head coach). The Bills led 17–6 by the start of the fourth quarter, but the Dolphins came back to win 28–25, causing the Bills to drop to 4–3. With the loss, not only did the Bills drop to 4–5, but they also lost center Eric Wood for the season. With the win, the Bills improved to 5–5, but running back LeSean McCoy, wide receiver Robert Woods and safety Robert Blanton left\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17736259\",\n \"text\": \"in making the call.\\\" 2014 Buffalo Bills season The 2014 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League, 55th season of competition, second under head coach Doug Marrone and the first in franchise history without Ralph Wilson as owner. The Bills improved on their 6–10 record from 2013, finishing with a 9–7 record, their first winning season since 2004, but it still didn't help the team make the playoffs. Ralph Wilson, the founding owner of the Buffalo Bills, died at the age of 95 on March 25, 2014. In his will, Wilson placed the team\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354813\",\n \"text\": \"Dolphins victory over the Bills, sportswriter Bill Plaschke called the game \\\"a considerable step toward making their rivalry the ugliest in the league\\\". The teams met twice more in the playoffs during the 1990s. On December 30, 1995, Buffalo broke the league record for rushing yards in a game with 341, winning 37–22. This was Dolphins head coach Don Shula's last game in the NFL. Three seasons later, the teams met at Pro Player Stadium on January 2, 1999 for their fourth of the decade, which the Dolphins won 24–17 after forcing five Bills turnovers. In regular season games during\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18419139\",\n \"text\": \"time since Super Bowl XXVI, as the Bills came into this game having won the last 6 games against Washington. With the win, the Redskins clinched the division title for the first time since 2012. Redskins fans would travel well for this game, and the Redskins powered out to a 24–0 lead during the second quarter. The Cowboys would try to come back, but they wouldn't, as the Skins won 34–23. With the win, the Redskins ended their season at 9–7, their first winning record since 2012. The Redskins, favored by 1, struggled in the second half, letting Green Bay\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Washington Redskins season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16514293\",\n \"text\": \"the Jets failing to secure a playoff berth by losing a game to the Bills via three missed field goals. In 1998, the Jets secured their first ever AFC East division title by beating the Bills. In 2008, the Bills were coming off a 5–1 start, but lost 8 of their remaining ten games to finish 7–9 and out of the playoffs. Two of those losses came against the Jets; the latter included a J. P. Losman fumble returned for the Jets' game-winning touchdown as the Bills were trying to run out the clock. In 2009, Mark Sanchez threw 5\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Jets rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799727\",\n \"text\": \"the Dolphins added a field goal. The Bills then fought off a comeback, including a fight that saw Jarvis Landry and Kenyan Drake get ejected. After a Miami touchdown that left them down six, history from the Bills–Dolphins game two weeks prior repeated itself: the Dolphins recovered an onside kick, then threw an interception with a minute to go to seal the game. With the win, Buffalo improved to 9–7, its first winning season since 2014. At the end of the game, the Bills were still waiting for the final outcome between the Cincinnati Bengals and the Baltimore Ravens to\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4777854\",\n \"text\": \"championship drought as long, as of 2013 (50 years). This is also the only time that the Chargers have beaten the Patriots in a postseason game. Mike Stratton's hit on San Diego Chargers Running Back Keith Lincoln set the stage for the Buffalo Bills and their first AFL championship. This was the last AFL Championship Game before the Super Bowl era began the following season and the last time a final pro football championship game was played in December. It was also the most recent championship won by a Buffalo-based professional sports team. The Bills went into the 1966 AFL\",\n \"title\": \"American Football League playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"39958\",\n \"text\": \"American Football League led by head coach Buster Ramsey and joined the NFL as part of the AFL–NFL merger in 1970. The Bills won two consecutive American Football League titles in 1964 and 1965, but the club has yet to win a league championship since. Once the AFL–NFL merger took effect, the Bills became the second NFL team to represent the city; they followed the Buffalo All-Americans, a charter member of the league. Buffalo had been left out of the league since the All-Americans (by that point renamed the Bisons) folded in 1929; the Bills were no less than the\",\n \"title\": \"Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799730\",\n \"text\": \"donations to his charity, the P.U.N.T. Foundation, which has extensive operations in Western New York. As a result of Buffalo making it into the NFL playoffs for the first time since 1999, the Cleveland Browns now hold the longest NFL postseason drought at 15 seasons. MLB's Seattle Mariners hold the longest such drought in all North American sports at 17 seasons. The Bills were looking to win their first playoff game since 1995, as they faced the #3-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, another team that has recently ended a lengthy playoff drought. Despite taking a 3–0 lead shortly before halftime on a\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16514291\",\n \"text\": \"and Jets finished with winning records. Regardless, the two teams share a bond due to similarities in their team playing styles and luck. The Bills lead the overall series, 62–55. The Bills won the two teams' only postseason meeting, defeating the Jets 31–27 in the 1981 AFC Wild Card round. There were a handful of memorable games in the early history of this rivalry. In 1973, O.J. Simpson eclipsed Jim Brown's rushing yards record to surpass 2,000 yards in a 34–6 Bills win. Eight years later, the teams played their only playoff game together. In the 1981 AFC Wild Card\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Jets rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799720\",\n \"text\": \"team with over 180 yards from scrimmage and rookie linebacker Matt Milano also scored off a fumble recovery. With the win, the Bills improved to 5–2 for the third time since 2008. Coming off the convincing win against Oakland, the Bills traveled to New Jersey for a Thursday Night rematch against their division rivals New York Jets. Though heavily favored to win, the Bills played poorly on defense and allowed the Jets to run for 194 yards and three rushing touchdowns. The offense surrendered three fumbles which ultimately influenced the course of the game, despite receivers Zay Jones and Deonte\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861012\",\n \"text\": \"Patriots team; the Bills won against the Patriots in September, then in late October the Patriots won after three touchdowns were scored in the final 85 seconds. The Bills still made the playoffs as the Wild Card home team; they became the first victim of the cinderella Jacksonville Jaguars, the first (and as of the present only) visiting team ever to win a playoff game at Rich Stadium. Jim Kelly retired after the season after the Bills management told him they were moving in a new direction and wanted him to help develop a younger QB to take over, signaling\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11640074\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Buffalo Bills season The 1989 Buffalo Bills season was the 30th season for the team and the 20th season in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills finished in first place in the AFC East and finished the National Football League's 1989 season with a record of 9 wins and 7 losses. Although Buffalo won the division and qualified for the postseason, their record was a drop off from their 12–4 mark in 1988. The team was nicknamed the Bickering Bills because of a rash of internal conflicts within the team. During a Monday Night loss to the Denver\",\n \"title\": \"1989 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"214572\",\n \"text\": \"the next week in the Divisional Round as the New York Jets defeated the Jaguars 34–24. In 1999, the Jaguars compiled a league best 14–2 regular season record, the best record in franchise history. The team's two losses were to the Tennessee Titans. The Jaguars won the AFC Central Division for the second straight year and clinched the #1 seed in the AFC. The Jaguars hosted the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Divisional playoffs, a 62–7 victory in what would be Dan Marino and Jimmy Johnson's last NFL game. Jacksonville's 62 points and 55-point margin are the second most ever\",\n \"title\": \"Jacksonville Jaguars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12853232\",\n \"text\": \"victory for the Jets. With the loss, Buffalo fell to 4–8 overall and 1–2 since firing Jauron. Buffalo won its season finale for the first time since 2002. 2009 Buffalo Bills season The 2009 Buffalo Bills season was the 50th Professional Football season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. The Bills were unable to improve upon their third consecutive 7–9 regular season record (2006, 2007 and 2008) and failed to make the playoffs for the 10th consecutive year, the longest standing playoff drought in the NFL. Dick Jauron returned as head coach for\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4327073\",\n \"text\": \"Miracle was added to the list of infamous moments in Buffalo sports history, joining \\\"Wide Right\\\" and \\\"No Goal\\\". It marked the start of what eventually became the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major North American sports leagues, as the Bills would go on to miss the playoffs for 17 straight years, finally qualifying again in the 2017 season (the playoff game in question then taking place in 2018). The Bills' last playoff win came in . Although the Bills had lost four consecutive Super Bowls before this game, many Bills fans consider this game to\",\n \"title\": \"Music City Miracle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5394248\",\n \"text\": \"Dolphins in the divisional round of the 1990–91 NFL playoffs, destroying the Los Angeles Raiders 51 to 3 in the AFC championship game, but barely losing to the Bill Parcells-led New York Giants in Super Bowl XXV 20 to 19. In 1991, the Bills won the AFC east division again, beating the Kansas City Chiefs in the divisional round of the 1991–92 NFL playoffs, the Denver Broncos in the AFC championship game but losing to the Joe Gibbs-led Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI. One more year of joy and frustration occurred in 1992, when the Bills won the AFC\",\n \"title\": \"Kent Hull\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861623\",\n \"text\": \"1–15 in 2007 to 11–5. Additionally, Miami won the AFC East, becoming the first team in NFL history to win their division after only having one win the previous season. However, the Dolphins lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Baltimore Ravens, 27–9. In 2009 the Dolphins again started off 0–2. Tom Brady returned to action, and so another Dolphins division title seemed unlikely. In week 3 Chad Pennington suffered a shoulder injury against the San Diego Chargers and was out for the rest of the 2009 season. Second-year quarterback Chad Henne replaced him. Under Henne, the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Miami Dolphins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11467709\",\n \"text\": \"The Bills, under backup quarterback Frank Reich, defeated the Miami Dolphins and wrapped up the AFC East title. Reich connected with James Lofton and Andre Reed for touchdowns, ultimately winning 24–14 despite fourteen penalties to five for Miami. Bills Head Coach Marv Levy decided to rest his starters for the playoffs, dropping the final game of the season in Washington, 29–14. The Bills finish with their best record in club history at 13 wins 3 losses. Miami Dolphins (12–4) at Buffalo Bills (13–3) Despite being a close score, the Bills never trailed in this classic Jim Kelly versus Dan Marino\",\n \"title\": \"1990 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10278610\",\n \"text\": \"teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner. The Buffalo Bills won their first nine games, before Boston beat them at home on November 15, 36–28. Buffalo came back from a 24–14 deficit at San Diego on Thanksgiving Day to eke out a 27–24 win. On December 6 at Oakland, the Raiders beat the Bills on the final play of\",\n \"title\": \"1964 American Football League season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18405743\",\n \"text\": \"did the Bills improve to 6-6, they remained in the wild card race. It’s also the Bills first win against the Texans since 2006. LeSean McCoy made his return to Philadelphia for the first time since the Eagles traded him in the offseason. McCoy was seen kissing the Eagles logo, but did not stick around to interact with his former teammates or coach Chip Kelly. With the loss, not only did the Bills drop to 6-8, but they were officially eliminated from playoff contention for the 16th consecutive season. With the win, the Bills improved to 7-8 heading into the\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12905466\",\n \"text\": \"Buffalo Bills, the Dolphins would end the season with a 3–10–1 record. Their week 10 loss to the Buffalo Bills would be the last time the Dolphins lost to the Bills until 1980, as the Dolphins won 20 straight against the Bills from 1970–1979. This became known as \\\"The Streak\\\", as it set an NFL record for longest winning streak for one team against one opponent, which, as of 2018, is still an NFL record that has not been seriously threatened. 1969 Miami Dolphins season The 1969 Miami Dolphins season was the team's fourth season, and their final season in\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Miami Dolphins season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11711245\",\n \"text\": \"a 4th and 1 with under two minutes to go. Eric Moulds caught 9 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while Peerless Price caught 4 passes for 101 yards and a touchdown. With this win, the Bills were 5-3 and tied for first place in the division with the Dolphins. \\\"at Ralph Wilson Stadium, Orchard Park, New York\\\" After three straight wins, the Bills' next game against the Patriots - which was also Drew Bledsoe's first game against his former team - was a disaster. The Patriots marched down the field on their opening possession with Tom Brady finding\",\n \"title\": \"2002 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11629688\",\n \"text\": \"1966 Buffalo Bills season The 1966 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s seventh season in the American Football League. It was the first season for head coach Joe Collier, who had been the Bills' defensive coordinator for the previous four seasons. It ended with a loss in the AFL Championship Game to the Kansas City Chiefs, ending the team's two-year reign as league champions. The score was 31-7 during the time. The Bills allowed the fewest points in the AFL for the third consecutive year. Although defensive tackle Tom Sestak hampered by a bad knee, defensive linemen Jim Dunaway and\",\n \"title\": \"1966 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799714\",\n \"text\": \"and two touchdowns and kicker Steven Hauschka kicking four field goals, including two from beyond 50 yards. The Bills defense intercepted QB Trevor Siemian twice as the team won a close-fought game 26–16. An unsportsmanlike-conduct penalty against LB Von Miller allowed the Bills to continue a stalled drive in the fourth quarter and ice the game with Hauschka's fourth field goal. With the win, the Bills improved to 2–1 heading into their Week 4 matchup against the defending NFC Champion Atlanta Falcons. Prior to the game, several members of both teams knelt during the national anthem in the wake of\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12330364\",\n \"text\": \"1979 Miami Dolphins season The 1979 Miami Dolphins season was the 14th year of existence for the Miami Dolphins franchise. Prior to the start of the season the Dolphins re-signed Larry Csonka who left to join the WFL after the 1974 season. Despite struggles from Bob Griese all year, the Dolphins finished 10-6 and won their first division title in five years. Among the season highlights were the Dolphins 19th and 20th consecutive wins over the Buffalo Bills. For the entire decade of the 1970s (1970–79) the Dolphins hold a perfect 20-0 record over the Bills, which contributed to O.J.\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Miami Dolphins season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14354810\",\n \"text\": \"who became key figures in the rivalry. From 1986 to 1996, they had a total of 21 matchups, counting postseason games. In the , the Bills and Dolphins met for the first time in the postseason. Buffalo won the divisional round game, held at Rich Stadium, 44–34, as Kelly threw for three touchdowns. Two seasons later, the teams met again in the playoffs, this time in the . Players from both teams commented on the rivalry's intensity at the time; Richmond Webb, a Miami offensive lineman, said, \\\"I don't know how it got started – it was a long time\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Dolphins rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10914748\",\n \"text\": \"McCoy to the Bills. On December 19, 2017, McCoy was named to his sixth Pro Bowl. The Bills finished the regular season with a 9–7 record and made the playoffs as the #6-seed. In the Wild Card Round against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he finished with 75 rushing yards and 44 receiving yards as the Bills lost by a score of 10–3. Despite a chaotic offseason, the Bills named McCoy a team captain for the 2018 season. Out of the gate, McCoy struggled along with the team partly due to an overall inexperienced offensive unit. In the first nine games, McCoy\",\n \"title\": \"LeSean McCoy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11710757\",\n \"text\": \"1969 Buffalo Bills season The 1969 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s tenth season, and was the final season of the American Football League before the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. The Bills played an AFL-record seven games against opponents that went on to reach the postseason; Buffalo lost all seven of these games. The 1969 season was the first for running back O.J. Simpson, who would go on to a Hall of Fame career. Although Buffalo only won four games, their penultimate win—a Week Ten victory against the Miami Dolphins—would be their last victory against the Dolphins until the 1980 season.\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16980186\",\n \"text\": \"2013 Buffalo Bills season The 2013 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 44th season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Marrone. It was also the final season under the ownership of Ralph Wilson, who died in March 2014 at the age of 95. The team equaled their record from 2012 and missed the playoffs, increasing their playoff drought to 14 seasons. This was the first year of renewed leases on Ralph Wilson Stadium and for the Bills Toronto Series, both of which were signed in the preceding offseason. The Toronto series was originally set\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9860995\",\n \"text\": \"of a 16-game season. The team made the NFL playoffs at 9–5 for the first time in history in 1974, but in their divisional playoff, they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. After an 8–6 1975 season, the Bills had internal troubles in 1976; Ferguson was injured and Gary Marangi proved ineffective in replacement. The team dropped to the bottom of the AFC East at 2–12, where they stayed for the rest of the 1970s. On a high note, the 1976 Thanksgiving Day game saw Simpson set the league record for rushing yards in a game,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19093868\",\n \"text\": \"game to overtime with a 55-yard field goal with six seconds on the clock. They then secured the win with 47 seconds left in the extra period with another field goal from 27 yards. The loss for the Bills meant they were eliminated from playoff contention for the 17th consecutive season. Two days later, the Bills fired head coach Rex Ryan and assistant head coach Rob Ryan. Anthony Lynn served as interim head coach, and EJ Manuel made his first start of the season. With the loss, Buffalo ended the season 7–9. 2016 Buffalo Bills season The 2016 Buffalo Bills\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16698674\",\n \"text\": \"a win and help from other teams to win the AFC East, while the 7–8 Bills were wrapping up the ninth straight season without a playoff berth. Played with severe wind gusts that required stadium officials to use ropes to keep the goalposts from swaying, the game was a 13–0 Patriots win as Matt Cassel, subbing for injured Tom Brady, threw only eight passes. However, the Patriots fell short of the division title. The game on September 26, 2010 was noteworthy on several levels. The Patriots won 38–30, marking the 400th win in the history of the Patriots franchise (regular-season\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Patriots rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16977185\",\n \"text\": \"became the first team of the 2013 season to win their division, securing a home playoff game. With the Titans' loss to the Cardinals in Week 15, the Colts were the only AFC South team to make the playoffs. In the AFC Wild Card Game against the Kansas City Chiefs, the Colts rallied to turn a 38–10 Chiefs' lead into a 45–44 victory for the second largest comeback in NFL playoff history. It is behind only the Bills who rallied from a 32-point deficit in the 1993 AFC Wild Card Game. Notes For the first time since the 2002 season,\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Indianapolis Colts season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861004\",\n \"text\": \"finishing 13–3 again and with Thurman Thomas winning a couple of awards. In the playoffs, they routed the Kansas City Chiefs 37-14 in the divisional round and beat the Denver Broncos in a defensive struggle, 10-7, in the AFC Championship. The Bills looked to avenge their heartbreaking Super Bowl loss a year earlier by playing the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXVI, but it was not to be. The Redskins opened up a 17–0 halftime lead and never looked back, handing the Bills a 37–24 loss. Early in that game, Thurman Thomas lost his helmet and had to sit out\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16514296\",\n \"text\": \"The Bills also added former Jets Percy Harvin and IK Enemkpali, the latter one day after he was released for breaking Geno Smith's jaw in a locker room altercation. The Bills won both games in 2015, knocking the Jets out of playoff contention with their second win. Tensions arose during the first game on \\\"Thursday Night Football\\\" when both teams were still in the hunt for a playoff spot, especially after Ryan made Enemkpali a team captain for that game. The Bills and Jets entered the 2017 season with low expectations, with New York having released or traded away many\",\n \"title\": \"Bills–Jets rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9908605\",\n \"text\": \"failed to score as a forced pass by Pennington with 6 seconds left ended up in the acrobatic arms of Terrence McGee, preserving the 17–14 victory. The Bills took over second place in the AFC East at 1–3 because of the win, while the Jets fell to 1–3. Coming off their divisional home win over the Jets, the Bills stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms, and played their first home Monday Night football game in 13 years against the undefeated Dallas Cowboys. In the first quarter, Buffalo got off to a fast start with DB George Wilson returning an\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799711\",\n \"text\": \"1-yard TD passes to both TE Charles Clay and WR Andre Holmes, while FB Mike Tolbert rushed for a third touchdown. With Tolbert's score, the Bills recorded a rushing touchdown in 13 straight games, tying a team record set in 1980 and extending the longest active streak in the NFL. Safeties Jordan Poyer and Micah Hyde both got their first takeaways as Bills in the fourth quarter, with Hyde's interception ending any hope of a Jets rally. With the win, the Bills opened the season at 1–0 and in first place in the AFC East heading into their Week 2\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5394249\",\n \"text\": \"east division title again, beating the Houston Oilers in a wild-card game of the 1992–93 NFL playoffs, the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, the Miami Dolphins in the AFC championship game, but losing to the Jimmie Johnson-led Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVII. More joys and frustrations occurred in 1993, when the Bills won the AFC east division title again, beating the Los Angeles Raiders in the divisional round of the 1993–94 NFL playoffs, the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC championship game (rushing for 229 yards, 186 by Thomas), but losing to the Johnson-led Dallas Cowboys in Super\",\n \"title\": \"Kent Hull\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5394250\",\n \"text\": \"Bowl XXVIII. The Bills ran out of gas in 1994, finishing only with a won-lost record of 7–9. But in 1995, the Bills came back to prominence by winning the AFC east divisional title to beat the Dolphins in a wild-card game of the 1995–96 NFL playoffs, rushing for a ridiculous 334 yards, as Hull mauled the opposing defensive tackles Tim Bowens and Chuck Klingbeil as thoroughly as middle linebacker Bryan Cox, but they lost a divisional round game to the Steelers. In 1996, Hull's final year in the NFL, the Bills made the playoffs but lost a wild-card game\",\n \"title\": \"Kent Hull\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11639288\",\n \"text\": \"Diego Chargers. Doug Flutie led the Bills to a 10–5 record in 1999 but, in a controversial decision, was replaced by Rob Johnson for the playoffs by coach Wade Phillips, who later said he was ordered to by Bills owner Ralph Wilson to do so. The Bills lost 22–16 to the eventual AFC champion Tennessee Titans in a game that has become known as the Music City Miracle, where the Titans scored on the penultimate play of the game—a kickoff return following the Bills' apparent game-clinching field goal. After the season ended, Flutie was named the Bills' backup and only\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7165365\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"get away and focus\\\". The Bills came out of their bye week and defeated the Miami Dolphins by a score of 33–17, improving their season record to 4–4. Ryan is now 2–5 all time following a bye week. Ryan returned to MetLife Stadium in Week 10 for a much anticipated \\\"Thursday Night Football\\\" game against the Jets. The Bills won the game by a score of 22–17, and improved to 5–4 on the season. Ryan faced questions before and after the game about his decision to name IK Enemkpali, who had been released by the Jets in preseason after\",\n \"title\": \"Rex Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12485082\",\n \"text\": \"picked off once. I was the first time the Bills had been swept by the Dolphins since 1986. The Bills hosted the Chiefs with both teams needing the win to make the playoffs. Steve Bono was harassed all game long and held to just 138 yards with two picks. Jim Kelly rallied the Bills from down 9-6 with two touchdowns. The 20-9 win put the Bills into the playoffs as the AFC Wildcard home team while the Chiefs failed to reach the playoffs for the first time in the decade; it was Kansas City's fourth loss in the last five\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861005\",\n \"text\": \"the first two plays, making the Bills the butt of jokes nationwide. The Bills lost the 1992 AFC East title to the Miami Dolphins and Jim Kelly was injured in the final game of the regular season. Backup quarterback Frank Reich started their wild card playoff game against the Houston Oilers, and they were down 35–3 early in the third quarter. But the Bills rallied behind Reich, taking the lead late in the 4th quarter and winning the game in overtime 41-38. The 35-3 deficit remains, to this day, the largest deficit (32 points) overcome to win a game in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5201049\",\n \"text\": \"most recent appearance in the Super Bowl by an AFC East team was the Patriots in Super Bowl LII. Entering 2018, the Patriots had the most wins in the division's history, with a record of 489-387-9, with a playoff record of 32-19 (5-5 in Super Bowls) entering the playoffs of that season. The Dolphins were second at 439-341-4 (having played 84 fewer games than their division rivals) with a playoff record of 20-21 (2-3 in Super Bowls). The Bills were at 400-460-8 with a playoff record of 14-15 (with two American Football League titles) and 0-4 in four consecutive Super\",\n \"title\": \"AFC East\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9908616\",\n \"text\": \"Later in the game, kicker Rian Lindell sealed Miami's fate as he nailed the game-winning 34-yard field goal. With their fourth-straight win, the Bills improved to 5–4, while Miami remains winless at 0–9. This win gave Buffalo their first four-game winning streak for the first time since 2004. Coming off their close victory over the winless Dolphins, the Bills went home to play the 9–0 New England Patriots, coming off their bye week. The game had just started when Randall Gay picked off J. P. Losman, which led to the Patriots first touchdown, a 6-yard run up the middle by\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"39955\",\n \"text\": \"Buffalo Bills The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The Bills compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park, New York. The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York. The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford, New York, an eastern suburb of Rochester. The Bills began play as an original\",\n \"title\": \"Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19799717\",\n \"text\": \"when they defeated their rival Cleveland Browns 31–7 the previous week. Already missing wideout Jordan Matthews, the Bills offense sputtered for the most part after tight end Charles Clay suffered a knee injury in the second quarter and was ruled out the rest of the game. The Bengals rallied behind strong performances from quarterback Andy Dalton and receiver A.J. Green despite the duo committing three turnovers, and won a close-fought game in the rain 20–16. With the loss, Buffalo falls to 3–2 going into their bye week. Fresh off their bye week, the Bills returned home to host the Tampa\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9908627\",\n \"text\": \"quarter, Buffalo put the game away as Edwards hooked up with Evans again on a 70-yard TD pass to secure a season sweep. With the win, the Bills improved to 7–6. Buffalo's 24 first-quarter points became their most since 1992. Coming off their dominating win over the Dolphins, the Bills flew to Cleveland Browns Stadium for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the Cleveland Browns in a race for the wild card. The game was played under horrible weather conditions with heavy lake effect snow falling throughout the game making it difficult for either team to move the ball offensively.\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861011\",\n \"text\": \"selecting several key Bills contributors (backup quarterback Frank Reich, wide receiver Don Beebe and tight end Pete Metzelaars) in the expansion draft, where they formed the core of that team's inaugural roster. The Bills again made the playoffs with a 10–6 record, and defeated Miami in the wild card round. They would not get a chance to get back to the Super Bowl—the Pittsburgh Steelers, who went on to advance to the Super Bowl, beat Buffalo in the divisional playoffs 40–21. In 1996, the Bills saw their commanding lead in the AFC East race disappear to a surging New England\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9861020\",\n \"text\": \"passing records in the process. However, in a tough division with all other teams finishing 9–7, they were still in last place. Another Patriots castoff, safety Lawyer Milloy, who joined the Bills days before the 2003 season began, gave the team an immediate boost on defense. After beating eventual champions New England 31–0 in the first game, and crushing the Jaguars in their second game, play-by-play announcer Van Miller immediately announced his retirement as of the end of the season, expecting the team to have a shot at the title. However, the Bills stumbled through the rest of the season,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Buffalo Bills\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7174910\",\n \"text\": \"players, especially Golden Tate, were upset by Schwartz's decision to be carried off the field against his former team. The Bills ended the season fourth in the NFL in points and yards allowed per game with 18.1 and 312.2, respectively, while ranking third in takeaways with 30. The Bills also finished with their first winning record in ten years at 9–7, with defensive linemen Kyle Williams, Marcell Dareus and Mario Williams being named to the Pro Bowl and the latter two being named First-Team All-Pro. Despite the success, head coach Doug Marrone resigned at the end of the season and\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Schwartz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"258318\",\n \"text\": \"team struggled with defensive injuries in 1991, and narrowly missed the playoffs, losing the AFC's final berth in an overtime loss to the rival New York Jets in the final week of the season. The Dolphins rebounded in 1992, starting the season 6–0 and finishing 11–5 to capture the AFC East title behind a career year from running back Mark Higgs and tight end Keith Jackson, newly acquired from the Philadelphia Eagles as an unrestricted free agent. They crushed the Chargers in the divisional playoffs 31–0, but were defeated by the Buffalo Bills 29–10 in their last AFC Championship appearance\",\n \"title\": \"Miami Dolphins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11851129\",\n \"text\": \"1962 Buffalo Bills season The 1962 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s third season in the American Football League. The Bills finished the season with a 7–6–1 record, third place in the AFL East; it was the Bills' first-ever season finishing with a winning record. The Bills lost their first five games of the season, but finished the final nine games with only one loss (and one tie). The Bills were a run-heavy offense in 1962; they led the league in rushing yards, with 2,480. The Bills ran the ball 58.8 percent of the time on offense. The Bills gained\",\n \"title\": \"1962 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16980191\",\n \"text\": \"goal range. A couple of plays later, Mike Nugent would kick the game winning 43-yard field goal to end the game. With the tough loss, the Bills fell to 2-4. With the win, the Bills improved to 3-4. This marks the Bills' only game outside of the Eastern time zone during the season. With the loss, the Bills fell to 3-6. With the loss, the Bills fell to 3-7. With the win, the Bills improved to 4-7. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4-8. With the loss, the Bills fell to 4-9. With the win, the Bills improved to\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11639380\",\n \"text\": \"the call on the field was upheld as a touchdown, and the Titans won the game 22–16. After the game, however, many Bills players and fans continued to insist that it was indeed an illegal forward pass. The victory, in front of a franchise-record crowd at Adelphia Coliseum, allowed the Tennessee franchise to advance to the divisional round of the AFC playoffs for the first time since 1993. Subsequent victories over the Indianapolis Colts and Jacksonville Jaguars sent the Titans to Super Bowl XXXIV to face the St. Louis Rams, where they lost by one yard. It could be said\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19093867\",\n \"text\": \"the game with injuries. With the win, the Bills improved to 6–5, but defensive tackle Corbin Bryant and wide receiver Walt Powell had to miss the rest of the season. With the loss, the Bills dropped to 6–6. With the win, the Bills improved to 7–7 and keep their slim playoff chances alive. The team set a new franchise record for rushing touchdowns in a season (27) with LeSean McCoy's second rushing score of the game. After the Bills took the lead with a touchdown inside the two-minute warning at the end of the fourth quarter, the Dolphins took the\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Buffalo Bills season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11847434\",\n \"text\": \"Flutie to back up Johnson; Flutie would end the 1998 season with the NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award. The opening game for 1998 constituted the first time since 1985 that the Bills played the San Diego Chargers. The reason for this is that before the admission of the Texans in 2002, NFL scheduling formulas for games outside a team’s division were much more influenced by table position during the previous season. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Bye Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 1998 Buffalo Bills season The 1998 Buffalo Bills season was the team's\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Buffalo Bills season\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last time the bills won their division"}}},{"rowIdx":284,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1754"],"string":"[\n \"1754\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1121190","text":"French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars. The title \"French and Indian War\" in the singular is used in the United States specifically for the warfare of 1754–63, the North American colonial counterpart to the Seven Years' War in Europe. The French and Indian Wars were preceded by the Beaver Wars. In Quebec, Canada, a former French colony, the wars are generally referred to as the War of","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"507330","text":"Cherokee tribes, and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy member tribes Abenaki and Mi'kmaq, and the Algonquin, Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes. Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from the Province of Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507328","text":"French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon one another overseas in 1756, two years into the French and Indian war, and some view the French and Indian War as being merely","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507338","text":"term \"War of Conquest\" (\"Guerre de la Conquête\"), since it is the war in which Canada was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire. In Quebec, this term was promoted by popular historians Jacques Lacoursière and Denis Vaugeois, who borrowed from the ideas of Maurice Séguin in considering this war as a dramatic tipping point of French Canadian identity and nationhood. At this time, America east of the Mississippi River was largely claimed by either Great Britain or France. Large areas had no colonial settlements. The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507364","text":"June 8, 1755, capturing her and two troop ships. The British harassed French shipping throughout 1755, seizing ships and capturing seamen. These actions contributed to the eventual formal declarations of war in spring 1756. An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the war that was unfolding. The plan that the delegates agreed to","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507349","text":"colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present. The War of the Austrian Succession (better known as King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies were turned over to a commission, but it reached no decision. Frontier areas were claimed by both sides, from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north to the Ohio Country in the south. The disputes also extended into the Atlantic Ocean, where both powers","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507329","text":"the American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63; however, the French and Indian War is viewed in America as a singular conflict which was not associated with any European war. The name \"French and Indian War\" is used mainly in the United States, referring to the two enemies of the British colonists, while European historians use the term \"Seven Years' War\", as do English-speaking Canadians. French Canadians call it Guerre de la Conquête (the War of the Conquest) or (rarely) the Fourth Intercolonial War. The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois, Catawba, and","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507389","text":"continued deployment of British troops, and it was not resolved until 1766. The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theater was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507335","text":"colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in America. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War. There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the \"French and Indian War\". This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507398","text":"War of Independence. This time, France succeeded in prevailing over Britain in what historian Alfred A. Cave describes as French \"revenge for Montcalm's death\". French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507357","text":"French held their claim. He ordered 21 year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory in October 1753. Washington left with a small party, picking up Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter, Christopher Gist (a company surveyor working in the area), and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf. Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29, and he invited Washington to dine with him.","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507334","text":"the Colony of Canada (part of New France). They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately the city of Quebec (1759). The British later lost the Battle of Sainte-Foy west of Quebec (1760), but the French ceded Canada in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763). France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Spanish Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507373","text":"William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, and consequently gained little support. Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession. On May 18, 1756, Britain formally declared","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507362","text":"of hostilities in the Ohio valley. Following the battle, Washington pulled back several miles and established Fort Necessity, which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jummonville's brother at the Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3. Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms. One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo warriors—just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence. News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"1580957","text":"Treaty of Paris (1763) The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the North American theatre, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but","title":"Treaty of Paris (1763)"},{"id":"1121209","text":"Indian tribes becoming the allies of the colonial powers. These alliances were a result of the economic ties that had been formed by the fur trade and by the Indian tribes' need for allies against their Indian rivals. The warfare included the widespread and escalating abuse of civilians on all sides, in which settlements were attacked, both Colonial and Indian, the residents killed or abducted, and houses and crops burned. French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"507359","text":"the steps which they had taken to fortify the area, and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point where they began construction of a small stockaded fort in the early months of 1754. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. These forces arrived at the fort on April 16, but Contrecœur generously allowed","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"1121194","text":"people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indian territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War. The first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"17756476","text":"Carignan-Salières Regiment, under the direction of Pierre de Saurel. The French and Indian Wars continued with a series of intermittent conflicts between the years 1688 to 1763 as follows: King William's War (1688–1697); Queen Anne's War (1702–1713); King George's War (1744–1748); and the French and Indian War (1754–1763). The Treaty of Paris (1763) was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the French and Indian Wars and marked the beginning","title":"Battle of Sorel"},{"id":"507385","text":"blockade of the French coast. British victories continued in all theaters in a year later called the Annus Mirabilis. The British proceeded to wage a campaign in the northwest frontier of Canada in an effort to cut off the French frontier forts to the west and south. The British captured Ticonderoga, Fort Niagara, as well as the defeat the French at the Thousand Islands in the summer of 1759. In September 1759, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders. Subsequently after the battle, the city","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507361","text":"many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, whose head was reportedly split open by Tanaghrisson with a tomahawk. Historian Fred Anderson suggests that Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and to regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French, with whom they had long trading relationships. One of Tanaghrisson's men told Contrecoeur that Jumonville had been killed by British musket fire. Historians generally consider the Battle of Jumonville Glen as the opening battle of the French and Indian War in North America, and the start","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507351","text":"at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians agreed to terms through their \"Half-King\" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative. These terms included permission to build a strong house at the mouth of the Monongahela River on the modern site of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and they laid claim to it as their hunting ground by right of conquest. Governor-General of New France Marquis de la Jonquière died on March 17, 1752, and he was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507370","text":"reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after the British captured it in 1759). Colonel Monckton captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755 in the sole British success that year, cutting off the French Fortress Louisbourg from land-based reinforcements. To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor Charles","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507344","text":"Years' War. Florida's European population was a few hundred, concentrated in St. Augustine and Pensacola. At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when needed. Most of the British colonies mustered local militia companies to deal with Indian threats, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, but they did not have any standing forces. Virginia, by contrast, had","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507365","text":"was neither ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the Crown. Nevertheless, the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence. The British formed an aggressive plan of operations for 1755. General Braddock was to lead the expedition to Fort Duquesne, while Massachusetts governor William Shirley was given the task of fortifying Fort Oswego and attacking Fort Niagara. Sir William Johnson was to capture Fort St. Frédéric at Crown Point, New York, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Monckton was to capture Fort Beauséjour to the east on","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507367","text":"the retreat—two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War. The government initiated a plan to increase their military capability in preparation for war following news of Braddock's defeat and the start of parliament's session in November 1755. Among the early legislative measures were the Recruiting Act 1756, the Commissions to Foreign Protestants Act 1756 for the Royal American Regiment, the Navigation Act 1756, and the Continuance of Acts 1756. England passed the Naval Prize Act 1756 following the proclamation of war on May 17 to allow the capture of ships and establish privateering. The French acquired a copy of the","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507331","text":"1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22 year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol. In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded, and the main effort by Braddock proved a disaster; he lost the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507363","text":"dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British sent out their fleet in February 1755, intending to blockade French ports, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them. In a second British action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship \"Alcide\" on","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507352","text":"de Longueuil. His permanent replacement was to be the Marquis Duquesne, but he did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post. The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa tribe. His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British. On June 21, the French war party","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507343","text":"Pennsylvania successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations. Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French, their primary trading partner and supplier of arms. The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict. By this time, Spain claimed only the province of Florida in eastern America; it controlled Cuba and other territories in the West Indies that became military objectives in the Seven","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"7215257","text":"to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions. The war has been called the first \"world war\", because fighting took place on several different continents. In 1759 the British enjoyed victories over the French in Europe, Canada and India, severely weakening the French","title":"France–United Kingdom relations"},{"id":"507387","text":"nephew William Amherst, who regained control of Newfoundland after the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762. Many troops from North America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies, including the capture of Spanish Havana when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France, and a British expedition against French Martinique in 1762 led by Major General Robert Monckton. Governor Vaudreuil in Montreal negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst in September 1760. Amherst granted his requests that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507353","text":"attacked the trading centre at Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 Miami Indians, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some Indians in the expedition party. In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier. Céloron, however, had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, whereas Marin constructed and garrisoned","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507332","text":"divisions, effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies. In 1755, the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia, and they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians (1755–64) soon afterwards. Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley, Commander-in-Chief, North America, without direction from Great Britain. The Acadians were expelled, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to the King. Indians likewise were driven off the land to make way for settlers from New England. The British colonial government fell in the region of Nova Scotia","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507382","text":"chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces. The Forbes Expedition was a British campaign in September–October 1758, with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country. The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley. The great French fortress at","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507342","text":"in their authority to make agreements. The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking Catawbas, Muskogee-speaking Creeks and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes. When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the Hurons, Mississaugs, Ojibwas, Winnebagos, and Potawatomi. The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations and also by the Cherokees, until differences sparked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758. In 1758, the Province of","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"9141403","text":"aggressive in their efforts to expel British traders and colonists from the Ohio Valley. They began construction of a series of fortifications to protect the area. In 1754, George Washington launched a surprise attack on a group of Canadian soldiers sleeping in the early morning hours. It came at a time when no declaration of war had been issued by either country. This frontier aggression known as the Jumonville affair set the stage for the French and Indian War (a US designation; in Canada it is usually referred to as the Seven Years' War, although French Canadians often call it","title":"Quebec"},{"id":"507391","text":"gained Louisiana from France, including New Orleans, in compensation for their losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations. The war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations among the three European powers, their colonies, and the people who inhabited those territories. France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences. Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents. The deportation of Acadians beginning in 1755 made land available to immigrants from","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"15048233","text":"fought for control of North America with the assistance of both Native American and colonial allies. The \"French and Indian War\" differed from previous confrontations, however, because earlier wars consisted primarily of skirmishes between small units of the European powers aided by local militiamen. The \"French and Indian War\" was part of a \"great war for empire\" which was a determined and successful attempt by the British to attain a dominant position in North America, the India and the West Indies. Although the war began in America, it expanded into Europe and was known as the \"Seven Years' War\" (1756–1763).","title":"French in Syracuse, New York"},{"id":"507374","text":"war on France, which expanded the war into Europe and came to be known as the Seven Years' War. Governor Vaudreuil had ambitions to become the French commander in chief, in addition to his role as governor, and he acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts which Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507394","text":"from the 1763 proclamation, as well as transferred the Indian Reserve into the Province of Quebec. The Act maintained French Civil law, including the seigneurial system, a medieval code removed from France within a generation by the French Revolution. The Quebec Act was a major concern for the largely Protestant Thirteen Colonies over the advance of \"popery\". The Quebec Act is typically associated with other Intolerable Acts, legislation that eventually led to the American Revolutionary War. The Quebec Act served as the constitutional document for the Province of Quebec, until it was superseded by the Constitutional Act 1791. The Seven","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507395","text":"Years' War nearly doubled Great Britain's national debt. The Crown sought sources of revenue to pay it off and attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to enforce the Crown's authority. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. France attached comparatively little value to its American possessions, apart from the highly profitable sugar-producing Antilles islands which it retained. Minister Choiseul considered that he had made a good deal at the Treaty of Paris, and Voltaire wrote that Louis XV had lost","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"1121191","text":"the Conquest. Some conflicts involved Spanish and Dutch forces, but all pitted the Kingdom of Great Britain, its colonies, and their Indian allies on one side against France, its colonies, and its Indian allies on the other. A major cause of the wars was the desire of each country to take control of the interior territories of North America, as well as the region around Hudson Bay; both were deemed essential to domination of the fur trade. Whenever the European countries went to war, military conflict also occurred in North America in their colonies, although the dates of the American","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"507372","text":"Fundy, on the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers, and Île Saint-Jean. Following the death of Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America, and he laid out his plans for 1756 at a meeting in Albany in December 1755. He proposed renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point, and Duquesne, with attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec. His plan, however, got bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"14030796","text":"Louisbourg Expedition (1757) The Louisbourg Expedition (1757) was a failed British attempt to capture the French Fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale (now known as Cape Breton Island) during the Seven Years' War (known in the United States as the French and Indian War). The French and Indian War started in 1754 over territorial disputes between the North American colonies of France and Great Britain in areas that are now western Pennsylvania and upstate New York. The first few years of the war had not gone particularly well for the British. A major expedition by General Edward Braddock in 1755","title":"Louisbourg Expedition (1757)"},{"id":"13004917","text":"colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War began; it was the North American front of the Seven Years' War in Europe and the fourth in a series of North American wars between the colonial powers dating back to 1689, began. It ended in 1763 with French defeat by the British, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \"Stadt Huys\"","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"507378","text":"amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry. French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January, they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga. In February, they launched a raid against the position across the frozen Lake George, destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification. In early August, Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort, which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole. When the withdrawal began, some of Montcalm's Indian allies attacked the British column because they were angry about the lost opportunity for loot,","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"469999","text":"Austrian Succession, but most colonists called it King George's War. In 1745, British and colonial forces captured the town of Louisbourg, and the war came to an end with the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. However, many colonists were angered when Britain returned Louisbourg to France in return for Madras and other territories. In the aftermath of the war, both the British and French sought to expand into the Ohio River valley. The French and Indian War (1754–63) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Previous colonial wars in North America had started","title":"Thirteen Colonies"},{"id":"5173142","text":"Battle of Jumonville Glen The Battle of Jumonville Glen, also known as the Jumonville affair, was the opening battle of the French and Indian War fought on May 28, 1754, near what is present-day Hopwood and Uniontown in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. A company of colonial militia from Virginia under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, and a small number of Mingo warriors led by Tanacharison (also known as \"Half King\"), ambushed a force of 35 Canadiens under the command of Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville. The British colonial force had been sent to protect a fort under construction","title":"Battle of Jumonville Glen"},{"id":"507360","text":"Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne. Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work, and Washington learned of Trent's retreat while he was en route. Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him. He then learned of a French scouting party in the area, so he combined Tanaghrisson's force with his own and surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen. They killed","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"5248610","text":"In North America, the war became known as the French and Indian War. After some early victories from 1754 to 1757, thanks to help from their Native American allies, the French suffered several disastrous defeats in Canada from 1758 to 1760, culminating in the surrender of the capital city, Quebec. With the loss of Canada, defense of Louisiana became impossible. The Treaty of Paris, signed on 10 February 1763, formalized the eviction of the French from North America. Canada and the east bank of the Mississippi were handed over to Great Britain (Province of Quebec (1763–91)). New Orleans and the","title":"Louisiana (New France)"},{"id":"507350","text":"wanted access to the rich fisheries of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. In 1749, the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory and construct a fort for their protection. But the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, and both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750, Christopher Gist explored the Ohio territory, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, and he opened negotiations with the Indian tribes","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"899198","text":"Creek in south central Pennsylvania when he received news of the fort's surrender. On May 25, Washington assumed command of the expedition upon the death of Colonel Joshua Fry. Two days later, Washington encountered a Canadian scouting party near a place now known as Jumonville Glen (several miles east of present-day Uniontown). Washington attacked the French Canadians, killing 10 in the early morning hours, and took 21 prisoners, of whom many were ritually killed by the Native American allies of the British. The Battle of Jumonville Glen is widely considered the formal start of the French and Indian War, the","title":"Fort Duquesne"},{"id":"1395147","text":"Braddock's army was routed and Braddock was killed. Later that same year at the Battle of Lake George, the British General William Johnson with a force of 1700 American and Iroquois troops defeated a French force of 2800 French and Canadians and 700 Native Americans led by Baron Dieskau (Military commander of New France). The fight for control over Ohio Country led to the French and Indian War, which began as the North American phase of the Seven Years' War (which did not technically begin in Europe until 1756). The war began with the defeat of a Virginia militia contingent","title":"New France"},{"id":"507347","text":"encountered British colonial merchants or fur-traders, he informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave. Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown where the Indians in the area informed him that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British colonists regardless of the French. He continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers, which lay just south of the village of Pickawillany, the home of the Miami chief known as \"Old Briton\". Céloron threatened Old Briton with severe consequences if he continued to trade","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"1731039","text":"First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and the People's Army of Vietnam led by Võ Nguyên Giáp.","title":"First Indochina War"},{"id":"507346","text":"lead a military expedition through the area. Its objectives were: Céloron's expedition force consisted of about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians, and they covered about between June and November 1749. They went up the St. Lawrence, continued along the northern shore of Lake Ontario, crossed the portage at Niagara, and followed the southern shore of Lake Erie. At the Chautauqua Portage near Barcelona, New York, the expedition moved inland to the Allegheny River, which it followed to the site of Pittsburgh. There Céloron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"10479412","text":"received his first commission as Ensign in the 1st Battalion, colonial troops. John Brady fought in the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was a colonial war fought between the British, the French and the Indian allies of the French. The British possessions in North America were located on the Atlantic Coast of North America and the French possessions were located in present-day Canada, centered mostly in Quebec. Both the British and the French made conflicting territorial claims on their respective frontiers, principally in present-day Michigan, western Pennsylvania and Ohio. The dispute simmered and flashed for many","title":"Samuel Brady"},{"id":"507337","text":"and Indian War is conflated into the Seven Years' War and not given a separate name. \"Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756—two years after the French and Indian War had started—to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. The French and Indian War in America, by contrast, was largely concluded in six years from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760. Canadians conflate both the European and American conflicts into the Seven Years' War (\"Guerre de Sept Ans\"). French Canadians also use the","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507377","text":"France's capital of Quebec. He left a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm and began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered to attack Louisbourg first by William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies. The expedition was beset by delays of all kinds but was finally ready to sail from Halifax, Nova Scotia, in early August. In the meantime, French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg which outnumbered the British fleet. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507386","text":"was capitulated to the British. In April 1760, François Gaston de Lévis led French forces in the attempt to retake the city. Although victorious in battle, French attempts to retake Quebec City was prevented with the British naval victory at Restigouche, a naval battle that saw the loss of French ships meant to resupply Lévis' army. Most of the fighting ended in continental North America in 1760, although it continued in Europe between France and Britain. The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John's, Newfoundland. General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"14368950","text":"British America and New France. The North American portion of the British-French struggle culminated in the Seven Years' War, referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States. The war secured British predominance in Northern America, and saw the end of French-rule in New France. At the war's conclusion, the French were forced to cede all its possessions east of the Mississippi River and Canada to the British; as well as cede its Louisiana territory to the Spanish. The Spanish in turn, ceded Spanish Florida to the British. The beginning of the next phase was marked by","title":"Military history of North America"},{"id":"507336","text":"fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the \"Fourth Intercolonial War\" and the \"Great War for the Empire\". In Europe, the French","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"1266957","text":"Coulon de Jumonville. The French pursued Washington and on July 3, 1754, George Washington surrendered following the Battle of Fort Necessity. These frontier actions contributed to the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), or, the Seven Years' War, an imperial confrontation between England and France fought in both hemispheres. In 1755, George Washington accompanied British General Braddock's expedition. Two regiments marched from Fort Cumberland across the Allegheny Mountains and into western Pennsylvania. Following a path Washington surveyed, over 3,000 men built a wagon road wide, that when complete, was the first road to cross the Appalachian Mountains. Braddock's","title":"History of Pittsburgh"},{"id":"507392","text":"Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south. The British resettled many Acadians throughout its American provinces, but many went to France and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French. Some were sent to colonize places as diverse as French Guiana and the Falkland Islands, but these efforts were unsuccessful. Others migrated to places such as Saint-Domingue or fled to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution. The Louisiana population contributed to the founding of the modern Cajun population. (The French word \"Acadien\" changed to \"Cadien\" then to \"Cajun\".) Following the treaty, King George III","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507333","text":"after several disastrous campaigns in 1757, including a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry; this last was followed by Indians torturing and massacring their British victims. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France, preferring to concentrate their forces against Prussia and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years' War in Europe. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507393","text":"issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on October 7, 1763 which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and it continues to govern relations to some extent between the government of Canada and the First Nations. Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population, a demarcation that was only a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward-bound settlers. The proclamation also contained provisions that prevented civic participation by the Roman Catholic Canadians. The Quebec Act of 1774 addressed issues brought forth by Roman Catholic French Canadians","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"14450146","text":"Action of 8 June 1755 The Action of 8 June 1755 was a naval battle between France and Great Britain early in the French and Indian War. The British captured the third-rate French ships \"Alcide\" and \"Lys\" off Cape Race, Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The battle contributed to the eventual war declarations that in 1756 formally began the Seven Years' War. In 1754, French and British colonial forces clashed in 1754, first in the Battle of Jumonville Glen, and then in the Battle of Fort Necessity, over control of the upper Ohio River valley, near present-day Pittsburgh,","title":"Action of 8 June 1755"},{"id":"507366","text":"the frontier between Nova Scotia and Acadia. Braddock led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on the Braddock expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne, with George Washington as one of his aides. The expedition was a disaster. It was attacked by French regulars, Canadian militiamen, and Indian warriors ambushing them from hiding places up in trees and behind logs, and Braddock called for a retreat. He was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia, led by Washington. Washington and Thomas Gage played key roles in organizing","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"9755247","text":"The French and Indian War broke out in 1754 between British and French colonists over territorial disputes along their colonial frontiers, and escalated the following year to include regular troops. By 1756, the French had enjoyed successes in most of their frontier battles against the British. Their only notable failure occurred when the British stopped their southward advance from Lake Champlain in the 1755 Battle of Lake George. From bases at Fort St. Frédéric (located at what is now Crown Point, New York) and Fort Carillon (known to the British as Fort Ticonderoga), the French and their Indian allies continued","title":"Battle on Snowshoes"},{"id":"507345","text":"a large frontier with several companies of British regulars. The colonial governments were used to operating independently of one another and of the government in London, a situation that complicated negotiations with Indian tribes, whose territories often encompassed land claimed by multiple colonies. After the war began, the leaders of the British Army establishment tried to impose constraints and demands on the colonial administrations. New France's Governor-General Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière was concerned about the incursion and expanding influence in the Ohio Country of British colonial traders such as George Croghan. In June 1747, he ordered Pierre-Joseph Céloron to","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"3970225","text":"to the French, Croghan was in Ohio Country gathering intelligence for Pennsylvania, helping to build the Ohio Company stockade commanded by William Trent, and supplying the Indians with food, rum, and weapons. When the French reached the Forks of the Ohio early that spring, Croghan's half-brother Ensign Edward Ward was in charge of the garrison and forced to surrender. The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) in North America, or French and Indian War as this front was known in the colonies, unofficially began in 1754 with the Battle of Jumonville Glen and effectively ended in 1760 with the British capture of","title":"George Croghan"},{"id":"14881716","text":"known as the French and Indian War, was the last of four wars that occurred in North America at the same time as a European conflict. However, by 1759, the British had gone onto the offensive in America and captured Quebec, the French colonial capital. Fighting also occurred on the Indian subcontinent during Louis XV's reign. During the War of the Austrian Succession, French troops captured several settlements in India, but its allies were defeated by British troops in 1756. On the whole, the Seven Years' War went badly for the French, who were forced to sign an unfavorable treaty","title":"French Royal Army (1652–1830)"},{"id":"13991365","text":"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763 The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the major war known by Americans as the French and Indian War and by Canadians as the Seven Years' War / Guerre de Sept Ans, or by French-Canadians, La Guerre de la Conquête. It was signed by Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain. With France out of North America this dramatically changed the European political scene on the continent. At first only","title":"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763"},{"id":"9028797","text":"Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse. The Northwest Indian War, which the Cherokee were also involved in, ended with the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) and the related European theater conflict known as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) laid many of the foundations for the conflict between the Cherokee and the American settlers on the frontier. These tensions on the frontier broke out into open hostilities with the advent of the American Revolution. The action of the French and Indian War in North America included the Anglo-Cherokee War, lasting 1758–1761. British forces under general James Grant","title":"Cherokee–American wars"},{"id":"4471312","text":"This was the beginning of the French and Indian War, a part of the Seven Years' War between France and England. Gist owned land near the present city of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He named it Gist's Plantation and began to build a town there. At the outset of the war, the French burned all the buildings. Gist was a member of the Braddock Expedition during 1755 when it was defeated by the French and their Native American allies. After the defeat, Gist traveled into Tennessee, where he met with various native groups to seek their help during the war. His whereabouts,","title":"Christopher Gist"},{"id":"1497566","text":"Edward Braddock Major General Edward Braddock (January 1695 – 13 July 1755) was a British officer and commander-in-chief for the Thirteen Colonies during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), which is also known in Europe and Canada as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against the French-occupied Ohio River Valley in 1755, in which he lost his life. (Both Virginia and Pennsylvania claimed this territory by their Royal grants.) The son of Major-General Edward Braddock of the Coldstream Guards and his wife, Braddock","title":"Edward Braddock"},{"id":"8664739","text":"or kill and destroy them.\" Historian Fred Anderson describes Dinwiddie's instructions, which were issued without the knowledge or direction of the British government, as \"an invitation to start a war.\" Washington was ordered to gather up as many supplies and paid volunteers as he could along the way. By the time he left for the frontier on April 2, he had recruited fewer than 160 men. Moving quickly and without artillery, his force marched north and west, picking up additional militia companies along the way. On April 19, outside Winchester, Virginia, Washington received word that a large French force was","title":"George Washington in the French and Indian War"},{"id":"507339","text":"the St. Lawrence River valley, with some also in Acadia (present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia), including Île Royale (Cape Breton Island). Fewer lived in New Orleans, Biloxi, Mississippi, Mobile, Alabama, and small settlements in the Illinois Country, hugging the east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. French fur traders and trappers traveled throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds, did business with local Indian tribes, and often married Indian women. Traders married daughters of chiefs, creating high-ranking unions. British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"507396","text":"\"a few acres of snow\". For France, however, the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789. For some of the Indian tribes, the elimination of French power in America meant the disappearance of a strong ally, although other tribes were not so affected. The Ohio Country was now more available to colonial settlement, due to the construction of military roads by Braddock and Forbes. The Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory was not completed until 1769, and it had modest repercussions. The British takeover","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"12391109","text":"towns as well as open battles with heavy losses. In the historiography of some countries, the war is named after combatants in its respective theatres. In the present-day United States — at the time, the southern English-speaking British colonies in North America — the conflict is known as the French and Indian War (1754–1763). In English-speaking Canada — the balance of Britain's former North American colonies — it is called the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). In French-speaking Canada, it is known as \"La guerre de la Conquête\" (the War of the Conquest). Swedish historiography uses the name \"Pommerska kriget\" (Pomeranian","title":"Seven Years' War"},{"id":"4278926","text":"Although it eventually became a worldwide conflict known as the Seven Years' War, the French and Indian War began on the Pennsylvania frontier as a struggle for control of the Ohio Country. With the surrender of George Washington at Fort Necessity in 1754 and Braddock's defeat in 1755, the settlers on the Pennsylvania frontier were without professional military protection, and scrambled to organize a defense. The French-allied Indians who had defeated General Edward Braddock at the Monongahela were primarily from the Great Lakes region to the north. The local Indians, mostly Delaware and Shawnee who had migrated to the area","title":"Kittanning Expedition"},{"id":"151180","text":"it also helped him obtain a commission to raise a company of men. In 1753, the French military advanced into the Ohio Country, where both France and Britain sought to expel the Indians. Dinwiddie and Washington were among stockholders in Virginia's Ohio Company, created for British settlement there in its landholdings. The land that joined the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers (future Pittsburgh) was prized by both nations. The competing stakes led to the French and Indian War (1754–62), beginning with a shot ordered by Washington, also to the Seven Years' War (1756–63). On March 15, 1754, Governor Dinwiddie commissioned Washington","title":"George Washington"},{"id":"1970867","text":"York, New England, and Nova Scotia with the Siege of Louisbourg (1745). At the Albany Congress of 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies be united by a Grand Council overseeing a common policy for defense, expansion, and Indian affairs. The plan was thwarted by colonial legislatures and King George II, but it was an early indication that the British colonies of North America were headed towards unification. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Previous colonial wars in North America had started in Europe and","title":"Colonial history of the United States"},{"id":"5016904","text":"Southern Colonies worked primarily in agriculture, on farms and plantations growing indigo, rice, cotton, and tobacco for export. The French and Indian War, fought between 1754 and 1763, was the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between France and Britain in North America, resulted in the British acquisition of New France, with its French Catholic population. Under the Treaty of Paris signed in 1763, the French ceded control of French Louisiana east of the Mississippi River to the British, which became known as the Indian Reserve. The religious ties between the","title":"United Kingdom–United States relations"},{"id":"1402986","text":"Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War. In the struggle for control of North America, the contest between Great Britain and France","title":"Military history of the United States"},{"id":"507388","text":"worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, to own property, and to remain undisturbed in their homes. The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers, and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war. General Amherst also oversaw the transition of French forts to British control in the western lands. The policies which he introduced in those lands disturbed large numbers of Indians and contributed to Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763. This series of attacks on frontier forts and settlements required the","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"3196190","text":"long as the precarious balance in the American interior survived, British and French colonies coexisted without serious difficulty. However, beginning in earnest following the Glorious Revolution in England (1688), the simmering dynastic, religious, and factional rivalries between the Protestant British and Catholic French in both Europe and the Americas triggered four \"French and Indian Wars\" fought largely on American soil (King William's War, 1689–97; Queen Anne's War, 1702–13; King George's War, 1744–48; and, finally the Seven Years' War, 1756–63). Great Britain finally removed the French from continental North America in 1763 following French defeat in the Seven Years' War. Within","title":"France–United States relations"},{"id":"1970868","text":"then spread to the colonies, but the French and Indian War is notable for having started in North America and spread to Europe. One of the primary causes of the war was increasing competition between Britain and France, especially in the Great Lakes and Ohio valley. The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when William Pitt the Elder decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America in order to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of","title":"Colonial history of the United States"},{"id":"507375","text":"British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies. French forces in the Ohio valley also continued to intrigue with Indians throughout the area, encouraging them to raid frontier settlements. This led to ongoing alarms along the western frontiers, with streams of refugees returning east to get away from the action. The new British command was not in place until July. Abercrombie arrived in Albany but refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them, and Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. He built on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison","title":"French and Indian War"},{"id":"3992978","text":"French and Indian War to join together to continue the fight to remove the British from the territory. Pontiac initiated attacks on the western-most frontier forts and settlements, believing the defeated French would rally and come to their aid. The start of the conflict is usually described as the siege of Fort Detroit on 10 May 1763. Fort Sandusky, Fort Michilimackinac, Fort Presque Isle, and numerous other frontier outposts were quickly overrun. Several frontier forts in the Ohio Country had fallen to the allied tribes, and Fort Pitt, Fort Ligionier, and Fort Bedford along Forbes's road were besieged or threatened.","title":"Henry Bouquet"},{"id":"3232676","text":"Treaty of Easton The Treaty of Easton was a colonial agreement in North America signed in October 1758 during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) between British colonials and the chiefs of 13 Native American nations, representing tribes of the Iroquois, Lenape (Delaware), and Shawnee. Negotiations over more than a week were concluded on October 26, 1758, at a ceremony held in Easton, Pennsylvania between the British colonial governors of the provinces of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and representatives of 13 Indian nations, including the Iroquois, who sent chiefs of three of their nations to ensure their continued","title":"Treaty of Easton"},{"id":"15048234","text":"At the same time, the war spread into Asia as the \"Third Carnatic War\". The \"French and Indian War\" not only stripped France of its North American empire, it also caused Britain to change its relationship to its colonies, a change that eventually led to the \"American Revolution\". During the \"French and Indian War\" (1754–1763), Native Americans were allied with both sides. The Iroquois sided with the British against the French and their Algonquin allies who were traditionally the enemies of the Iroquois. The \"Old French Fort\" at the \"Mission of Sainte Marie\" was one of the first attempts to","title":"French in Syracuse, New York"},{"id":"1121198","text":"closed formations in the open. Although ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called \"la Petite guerre\", or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both Frenchmen and Native Americans; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"13423901","text":"reports claimed the British had a distinct advantage due to their snowshoes. The French and Indian War broke out in 1754 between British and French colonists over territorial disputes along their colonial frontiers, and escalated the following year to include regular troops. By 1756, the French had enjoyed successes in most of their frontier battles against the British. Their only notable failure occurred when the British stopped their southward advance from Lake Champlain in the 1755 Battle of Lake George. From bases at Fort St. Frédéric (located at what is now Crown Point, New York) and Fort Carillon (known to","title":"Battle on Snowshoes (1757)"},{"id":"1121208","text":"France's chief allies were the \"indiens domiciliés\" (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France. Religious reasons and the need for a refuge from the English attack motivated their dislocation to French territory. At the end of the French and Indian wars, all resident Indians were joined in the confederation of the Seven Nations of Canada. A pattern of warfare emerged during the clashes between the European colonial powers and the American Indians which characterized the four major French and Indian wars. The complex network of relations was fundamental between some Indian tribes and some colonies, the","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"2546789","text":"to as the French and Indian War in the United States, came to an end after British General Jeffrey Amherst captured Montreal, the last important French settlement, in 1760. British troops proceeded to occupy the various forts in the Ohio Country and Great Lakes region previously garrisoned by the French. Even before the war officially ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), the British Crown began to implement changes in order to administer its vastly expanded North American territory. While the French had long cultivated alliances among certain of the Native Americans, the British post-war approach was essentially to treat","title":"Pontiac's War"},{"id":"1121201","text":"period. When war began, the several colonies organized their own military forces, provincial troops, through temporary enlistments. The soldiers came from the lower orders of society, which did not strengthen their reliability or efficiency. Massachusetts Bay, New York and Connecticut usually mobilized large contingents, while the southern colonies always very reluctantly contributed to the imperial cause. The British Army did not have high opinions of the battleworthiness of the provincial troops, with the exception of the ranger units. During conjoint operations the provincial troops were subject to the very strict British Articles of War. The officers of the provincial troops","title":"French and Indian Wars"},{"id":"13127480","text":"period of a few years, British colonists arrived from the East and contended against the Canadians for control of the lucrative fur trade. Fighting between the French and British colonists occurred throughout the 1750s as a result. The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the French Canadians during the French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years' War). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to cede to the British crown all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the colonies. The tribes in Indiana did not","title":"Indiana"},{"id":"609609","text":"Cherokee were victorious in the Battle of Taliwa. British soldiers built forts in Cherokee country to defend against the French in the Seven Years' War, which was fought across Europe and was called the French and Indian War on the North American front. These included Fort Loudoun near Chota. In 1756 the Cherokee were allies of the British in the French and Indian War. Serious misunderstandings arose quickly between the two allies, resulting in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. King George III's Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbade British settlements west of the Appalachian crest, as his government tried to afford some","title":"Cherokee"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1121190\",\n \"text\": \"French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars. The title \\\"French and Indian War\\\" in the singular is used in the United States specifically for the warfare of 1754–63, the North American colonial counterpart to the Seven Years' War in Europe. The French and Indian Wars were preceded by the Beaver Wars. In Quebec, Canada, a former French colony, the wars are generally referred to as the War of\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507330\",\n \"text\": \"Cherokee tribes, and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy member tribes Abenaki and Mi'kmaq, and the Algonquin, Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes. Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from the Province of Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507328\",\n \"text\": \"French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon one another overseas in 1756, two years into the French and Indian war, and some view the French and Indian War as being merely\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507338\",\n \"text\": \"term \\\"War of Conquest\\\" (\\\"Guerre de la Conquête\\\"), since it is the war in which Canada was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire. In Quebec, this term was promoted by popular historians Jacques Lacoursière and Denis Vaugeois, who borrowed from the ideas of Maurice Séguin in considering this war as a dramatic tipping point of French Canadian identity and nationhood. At this time, America east of the Mississippi River was largely claimed by either Great Britain or France. Large areas had no colonial settlements. The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507364\",\n \"text\": \"June 8, 1755, capturing her and two troop ships. The British harassed French shipping throughout 1755, seizing ships and capturing seamen. These actions contributed to the eventual formal declarations of war in spring 1756. An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the war that was unfolding. The plan that the delegates agreed to\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507349\",\n \"text\": \"colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present. The War of the Austrian Succession (better known as King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies were turned over to a commission, but it reached no decision. Frontier areas were claimed by both sides, from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north to the Ohio Country in the south. The disputes also extended into the Atlantic Ocean, where both powers\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507329\",\n \"text\": \"the American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63; however, the French and Indian War is viewed in America as a singular conflict which was not associated with any European war. The name \\\"French and Indian War\\\" is used mainly in the United States, referring to the two enemies of the British colonists, while European historians use the term \\\"Seven Years' War\\\", as do English-speaking Canadians. French Canadians call it Guerre de la Conquête (the War of the Conquest) or (rarely) the Fourth Intercolonial War. The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois, Catawba, and\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507389\",\n \"text\": \"continued deployment of British troops, and it was not resolved until 1766. The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theater was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507335\",\n \"text\": \"colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in America. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War. There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the \\\"French and Indian War\\\". This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507398\",\n \"text\": \"War of Independence. This time, France succeeded in prevailing over Britain in what historian Alfred A. Cave describes as French \\\"revenge for Montcalm's death\\\". French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507357\",\n \"text\": \"French held their claim. He ordered 21 year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory in October 1753. Washington left with a small party, picking up Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter, Christopher Gist (a company surveyor working in the area), and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf. Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29, and he invited Washington to dine with him.\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507334\",\n \"text\": \"the Colony of Canada (part of New France). They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately the city of Quebec (1759). The British later lost the Battle of Sainte-Foy west of Quebec (1760), but the French ceded Canada in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763). France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Spanish Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507373\",\n \"text\": \"William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, and consequently gained little support. Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession. On May 18, 1756, Britain formally declared\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507362\",\n \"text\": \"of hostilities in the Ohio valley. Following the battle, Washington pulled back several miles and established Fort Necessity, which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jummonville's brother at the Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3. Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms. One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo warriors—just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence. News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1580957\",\n \"text\": \"Treaty of Paris (1763) The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the North American theatre, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but\",\n \"title\": \"Treaty of Paris (1763)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121209\",\n \"text\": \"Indian tribes becoming the allies of the colonial powers. These alliances were a result of the economic ties that had been formed by the fur trade and by the Indian tribes' need for allies against their Indian rivals. The warfare included the widespread and escalating abuse of civilians on all sides, in which settlements were attacked, both Colonial and Indian, the residents killed or abducted, and houses and crops burned. French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507359\",\n \"text\": \"the steps which they had taken to fortify the area, and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point where they began construction of a small stockaded fort in the early months of 1754. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. These forces arrived at the fort on April 16, but Contrecœur generously allowed\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121194\",\n \"text\": \"people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indian territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War. The first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17756476\",\n \"text\": \"Carignan-Salières Regiment, under the direction of Pierre de Saurel. The French and Indian Wars continued with a series of intermittent conflicts between the years 1688 to 1763 as follows: King William's War (1688–1697); Queen Anne's War (1702–1713); King George's War (1744–1748); and the French and Indian War (1754–1763). The Treaty of Paris (1763) was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the French and Indian Wars and marked the beginning\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Sorel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507385\",\n \"text\": \"blockade of the French coast. British victories continued in all theaters in a year later called the Annus Mirabilis. The British proceeded to wage a campaign in the northwest frontier of Canada in an effort to cut off the French frontier forts to the west and south. The British captured Ticonderoga, Fort Niagara, as well as the defeat the French at the Thousand Islands in the summer of 1759. In September 1759, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders. Subsequently after the battle, the city\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507361\",\n \"text\": \"many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, whose head was reportedly split open by Tanaghrisson with a tomahawk. Historian Fred Anderson suggests that Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and to regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French, with whom they had long trading relationships. One of Tanaghrisson's men told Contrecoeur that Jumonville had been killed by British musket fire. Historians generally consider the Battle of Jumonville Glen as the opening battle of the French and Indian War in North America, and the start\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507351\",\n \"text\": \"at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians agreed to terms through their \\\"Half-King\\\" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative. These terms included permission to build a strong house at the mouth of the Monongahela River on the modern site of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and they laid claim to it as their hunting ground by right of conquest. Governor-General of New France Marquis de la Jonquière died on March 17, 1752, and he was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507370\",\n \"text\": \"reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after the British captured it in 1759). Colonel Monckton captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755 in the sole British success that year, cutting off the French Fortress Louisbourg from land-based reinforcements. To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor Charles\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507344\",\n \"text\": \"Years' War. Florida's European population was a few hundred, concentrated in St. Augustine and Pensacola. At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when needed. Most of the British colonies mustered local militia companies to deal with Indian threats, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, but they did not have any standing forces. Virginia, by contrast, had\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507365\",\n \"text\": \"was neither ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the Crown. Nevertheless, the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence. The British formed an aggressive plan of operations for 1755. General Braddock was to lead the expedition to Fort Duquesne, while Massachusetts governor William Shirley was given the task of fortifying Fort Oswego and attacking Fort Niagara. Sir William Johnson was to capture Fort St. Frédéric at Crown Point, New York, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Monckton was to capture Fort Beauséjour to the east on\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507367\",\n \"text\": \"the retreat—two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War. The government initiated a plan to increase their military capability in preparation for war following news of Braddock's defeat and the start of parliament's session in November 1755. Among the early legislative measures were the Recruiting Act 1756, the Commissions to Foreign Protestants Act 1756 for the Royal American Regiment, the Navigation Act 1756, and the Continuance of Acts 1756. England passed the Naval Prize Act 1756 following the proclamation of war on May 17 to allow the capture of ships and establish privateering. The French acquired a copy of the\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507331\",\n \"text\": \"1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22 year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol. In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded, and the main effort by Braddock proved a disaster; he lost the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507363\",\n \"text\": \"dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British sent out their fleet in February 1755, intending to blockade French ports, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them. In a second British action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship \\\"Alcide\\\" on\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507352\",\n \"text\": \"de Longueuil. His permanent replacement was to be the Marquis Duquesne, but he did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post. The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa tribe. His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British. On June 21, the French war party\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507343\",\n \"text\": \"Pennsylvania successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations. Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French, their primary trading partner and supplier of arms. The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict. By this time, Spain claimed only the province of Florida in eastern America; it controlled Cuba and other territories in the West Indies that became military objectives in the Seven\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7215257\",\n \"text\": \"to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions. The war has been called the first \\\"world war\\\", because fighting took place on several different continents. In 1759 the British enjoyed victories over the French in Europe, Canada and India, severely weakening the French\",\n \"title\": \"France–United Kingdom relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507387\",\n \"text\": \"nephew William Amherst, who regained control of Newfoundland after the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762. Many troops from North America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies, including the capture of Spanish Havana when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France, and a British expedition against French Martinique in 1762 led by Major General Robert Monckton. Governor Vaudreuil in Montreal negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst in September 1760. Amherst granted his requests that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507353\",\n \"text\": \"attacked the trading centre at Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 Miami Indians, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some Indians in the expedition party. In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier. Céloron, however, had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, whereas Marin constructed and garrisoned\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507332\",\n \"text\": \"divisions, effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies. In 1755, the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia, and they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians (1755–64) soon afterwards. Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley, Commander-in-Chief, North America, without direction from Great Britain. The Acadians were expelled, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to the King. Indians likewise were driven off the land to make way for settlers from New England. The British colonial government fell in the region of Nova Scotia\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507382\",\n \"text\": \"chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces. The Forbes Expedition was a British campaign in September–October 1758, with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country. The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley. The great French fortress at\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507342\",\n \"text\": \"in their authority to make agreements. The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking Catawbas, Muskogee-speaking Creeks and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes. When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the Hurons, Mississaugs, Ojibwas, Winnebagos, and Potawatomi. The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations and also by the Cherokees, until differences sparked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758. In 1758, the Province of\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9141403\",\n \"text\": \"aggressive in their efforts to expel British traders and colonists from the Ohio Valley. They began construction of a series of fortifications to protect the area. In 1754, George Washington launched a surprise attack on a group of Canadian soldiers sleeping in the early morning hours. It came at a time when no declaration of war had been issued by either country. This frontier aggression known as the Jumonville affair set the stage for the French and Indian War (a US designation; in Canada it is usually referred to as the Seven Years' War, although French Canadians often call it\",\n \"title\": \"Quebec\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507391\",\n \"text\": \"gained Louisiana from France, including New Orleans, in compensation for their losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations. The war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations among the three European powers, their colonies, and the people who inhabited those territories. France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences. Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents. The deportation of Acadians beginning in 1755 made land available to immigrants from\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15048233\",\n \"text\": \"fought for control of North America with the assistance of both Native American and colonial allies. The \\\"French and Indian War\\\" differed from previous confrontations, however, because earlier wars consisted primarily of skirmishes between small units of the European powers aided by local militiamen. The \\\"French and Indian War\\\" was part of a \\\"great war for empire\\\" which was a determined and successful attempt by the British to attain a dominant position in North America, the India and the West Indies. Although the war began in America, it expanded into Europe and was known as the \\\"Seven Years' War\\\" (1756–1763).\",\n \"title\": \"French in Syracuse, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507374\",\n \"text\": \"war on France, which expanded the war into Europe and came to be known as the Seven Years' War. Governor Vaudreuil had ambitions to become the French commander in chief, in addition to his role as governor, and he acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts which Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507394\",\n \"text\": \"from the 1763 proclamation, as well as transferred the Indian Reserve into the Province of Quebec. The Act maintained French Civil law, including the seigneurial system, a medieval code removed from France within a generation by the French Revolution. The Quebec Act was a major concern for the largely Protestant Thirteen Colonies over the advance of \\\"popery\\\". The Quebec Act is typically associated with other Intolerable Acts, legislation that eventually led to the American Revolutionary War. The Quebec Act served as the constitutional document for the Province of Quebec, until it was superseded by the Constitutional Act 1791. The Seven\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507395\",\n \"text\": \"Years' War nearly doubled Great Britain's national debt. The Crown sought sources of revenue to pay it off and attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to enforce the Crown's authority. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. France attached comparatively little value to its American possessions, apart from the highly profitable sugar-producing Antilles islands which it retained. Minister Choiseul considered that he had made a good deal at the Treaty of Paris, and Voltaire wrote that Louis XV had lost\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121191\",\n \"text\": \"the Conquest. Some conflicts involved Spanish and Dutch forces, but all pitted the Kingdom of Great Britain, its colonies, and their Indian allies on one side against France, its colonies, and its Indian allies on the other. A major cause of the wars was the desire of each country to take control of the interior territories of North America, as well as the region around Hudson Bay; both were deemed essential to domination of the fur trade. Whenever the European countries went to war, military conflict also occurred in North America in their colonies, although the dates of the American\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507372\",\n \"text\": \"Fundy, on the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers, and Île Saint-Jean. Following the death of Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America, and he laid out his plans for 1756 at a meeting in Albany in December 1755. He proposed renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point, and Duquesne, with attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudière River to attack the city of Quebec. His plan, however, got bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14030796\",\n \"text\": \"Louisbourg Expedition (1757) The Louisbourg Expedition (1757) was a failed British attempt to capture the French Fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale (now known as Cape Breton Island) during the Seven Years' War (known in the United States as the French and Indian War). The French and Indian War started in 1754 over territorial disputes between the North American colonies of France and Great Britain in areas that are now western Pennsylvania and upstate New York. The first few years of the war had not gone particularly well for the British. A major expedition by General Edward Braddock in 1755\",\n \"title\": \"Louisbourg Expedition (1757)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004917\",\n \"text\": \"colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War began; it was the North American front of the Seven Years' War in Europe and the fourth in a series of North American wars between the colonial powers dating back to 1689, began. It ended in 1763 with French defeat by the British, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507378\",\n \"text\": \"amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry. French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January, they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga. In February, they launched a raid against the position across the frozen Lake George, destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification. In early August, Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort, which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole. When the withdrawal began, some of Montcalm's Indian allies attacked the British column because they were angry about the lost opportunity for loot,\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"469999\",\n \"text\": \"Austrian Succession, but most colonists called it King George's War. In 1745, British and colonial forces captured the town of Louisbourg, and the war came to an end with the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. However, many colonists were angered when Britain returned Louisbourg to France in return for Madras and other territories. In the aftermath of the war, both the British and French sought to expand into the Ohio River valley. The French and Indian War (1754–63) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Previous colonial wars in North America had started\",\n \"title\": \"Thirteen Colonies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5173142\",\n \"text\": \"Battle of Jumonville Glen The Battle of Jumonville Glen, also known as the Jumonville affair, was the opening battle of the French and Indian War fought on May 28, 1754, near what is present-day Hopwood and Uniontown in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. A company of colonial militia from Virginia under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, and a small number of Mingo warriors led by Tanacharison (also known as \\\"Half King\\\"), ambushed a force of 35 Canadiens under the command of Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville. The British colonial force had been sent to protect a fort under construction\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Jumonville Glen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507360\",\n \"text\": \"Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne. Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work, and Washington learned of Trent's retreat while he was en route. Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him. He then learned of a French scouting party in the area, so he combined Tanaghrisson's force with his own and surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen. They killed\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5248610\",\n \"text\": \"In North America, the war became known as the French and Indian War. After some early victories from 1754 to 1757, thanks to help from their Native American allies, the French suffered several disastrous defeats in Canada from 1758 to 1760, culminating in the surrender of the capital city, Quebec. With the loss of Canada, defense of Louisiana became impossible. The Treaty of Paris, signed on 10 February 1763, formalized the eviction of the French from North America. Canada and the east bank of the Mississippi were handed over to Great Britain (Province of Quebec (1763–91)). New Orleans and the\",\n \"title\": \"Louisiana (New France)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507350\",\n \"text\": \"wanted access to the rich fisheries of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. In 1749, the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country. The grant required that it settle 100 families in the territory and construct a fort for their protection. But the territory was also claimed by Pennsylvania, and both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750, Christopher Gist explored the Ohio territory, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, and he opened negotiations with the Indian tribes\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"899198\",\n \"text\": \"Creek in south central Pennsylvania when he received news of the fort's surrender. On May 25, Washington assumed command of the expedition upon the death of Colonel Joshua Fry. Two days later, Washington encountered a Canadian scouting party near a place now known as Jumonville Glen (several miles east of present-day Uniontown). Washington attacked the French Canadians, killing 10 in the early morning hours, and took 21 prisoners, of whom many were ritually killed by the Native American allies of the British. The Battle of Jumonville Glen is widely considered the formal start of the French and Indian War, the\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Duquesne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1395147\",\n \"text\": \"Braddock's army was routed and Braddock was killed. Later that same year at the Battle of Lake George, the British General William Johnson with a force of 1700 American and Iroquois troops defeated a French force of 2800 French and Canadians and 700 Native Americans led by Baron Dieskau (Military commander of New France). The fight for control over Ohio Country led to the French and Indian War, which began as the North American phase of the Seven Years' War (which did not technically begin in Europe until 1756). The war began with the defeat of a Virginia militia contingent\",\n \"title\": \"New France\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507347\",\n \"text\": \"encountered British colonial merchants or fur-traders, he informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave. Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown where the Indians in the area informed him that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British colonists regardless of the French. He continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers, which lay just south of the village of Pickawillany, the home of the Miami chief known as \\\"Old Briton\\\". Céloron threatened Old Briton with severe consequences if he continued to trade\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1731039\",\n \"text\": \"First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and the People's Army of Vietnam led by Võ Nguyên Giáp.\",\n \"title\": \"First Indochina War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507346\",\n \"text\": \"lead a military expedition through the area. Its objectives were: Céloron's expedition force consisted of about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians, and they covered about between June and November 1749. They went up the St. Lawrence, continued along the northern shore of Lake Ontario, crossed the portage at Niagara, and followed the southern shore of Lake Erie. At the Chautauqua Portage near Barcelona, New York, the expedition moved inland to the Allegheny River, which it followed to the site of Pittsburgh. There Céloron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10479412\",\n \"text\": \"received his first commission as Ensign in the 1st Battalion, colonial troops. John Brady fought in the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was a colonial war fought between the British, the French and the Indian allies of the French. The British possessions in North America were located on the Atlantic Coast of North America and the French possessions were located in present-day Canada, centered mostly in Quebec. Both the British and the French made conflicting territorial claims on their respective frontiers, principally in present-day Michigan, western Pennsylvania and Ohio. The dispute simmered and flashed for many\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Brady\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507337\",\n \"text\": \"and Indian War is conflated into the Seven Years' War and not given a separate name. \\\"Seven Years\\\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756—two years after the French and Indian War had started—to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. The French and Indian War in America, by contrast, was largely concluded in six years from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760. Canadians conflate both the European and American conflicts into the Seven Years' War (\\\"Guerre de Sept Ans\\\"). French Canadians also use the\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507377\",\n \"text\": \"France's capital of Quebec. He left a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm and began organizing for the expedition to Quebec. He was then ordered to attack Louisbourg first by William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies. The expedition was beset by delays of all kinds but was finally ready to sail from Halifax, Nova Scotia, in early August. In the meantime, French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg which outnumbered the British fleet. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507386\",\n \"text\": \"was capitulated to the British. In April 1760, François Gaston de Lévis led French forces in the attempt to retake the city. Although victorious in battle, French attempts to retake Quebec City was prevented with the British naval victory at Restigouche, a naval battle that saw the loss of French ships meant to resupply Lévis' army. Most of the fighting ended in continental North America in 1760, although it continued in Europe between France and Britain. The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John's, Newfoundland. General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14368950\",\n \"text\": \"British America and New France. The North American portion of the British-French struggle culminated in the Seven Years' War, referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States. The war secured British predominance in Northern America, and saw the end of French-rule in New France. At the war's conclusion, the French were forced to cede all its possessions east of the Mississippi River and Canada to the British; as well as cede its Louisiana territory to the Spanish. The Spanish in turn, ceded Spanish Florida to the British. The beginning of the next phase was marked by\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of North America\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507336\",\n \"text\": \"fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the \\\"Fourth Intercolonial War\\\" and the \\\"Great War for the Empire\\\". In Europe, the French\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1266957\",\n \"text\": \"Coulon de Jumonville. The French pursued Washington and on July 3, 1754, George Washington surrendered following the Battle of Fort Necessity. These frontier actions contributed to the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), or, the Seven Years' War, an imperial confrontation between England and France fought in both hemispheres. In 1755, George Washington accompanied British General Braddock's expedition. Two regiments marched from Fort Cumberland across the Allegheny Mountains and into western Pennsylvania. Following a path Washington surveyed, over 3,000 men built a wagon road wide, that when complete, was the first road to cross the Appalachian Mountains. Braddock's\",\n \"title\": \"History of Pittsburgh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507392\",\n \"text\": \"Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south. The British resettled many Acadians throughout its American provinces, but many went to France and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French. Some were sent to colonize places as diverse as French Guiana and the Falkland Islands, but these efforts were unsuccessful. Others migrated to places such as Saint-Domingue or fled to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution. The Louisiana population contributed to the founding of the modern Cajun population. (The French word \\\"Acadien\\\" changed to \\\"Cadien\\\" then to \\\"Cajun\\\".) Following the treaty, King George III\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507333\",\n \"text\": \"after several disastrous campaigns in 1757, including a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry; this last was followed by Indians torturing and massacring their British victims. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France, preferring to concentrate their forces against Prussia and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years' War in Europe. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507393\",\n \"text\": \"issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on October 7, 1763 which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and it continues to govern relations to some extent between the government of Canada and the First Nations. Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population, a demarcation that was only a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward-bound settlers. The proclamation also contained provisions that prevented civic participation by the Roman Catholic Canadians. The Quebec Act of 1774 addressed issues brought forth by Roman Catholic French Canadians\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14450146\",\n \"text\": \"Action of 8 June 1755 The Action of 8 June 1755 was a naval battle between France and Great Britain early in the French and Indian War. The British captured the third-rate French ships \\\"Alcide\\\" and \\\"Lys\\\" off Cape Race, Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The battle contributed to the eventual war declarations that in 1756 formally began the Seven Years' War. In 1754, French and British colonial forces clashed in 1754, first in the Battle of Jumonville Glen, and then in the Battle of Fort Necessity, over control of the upper Ohio River valley, near present-day Pittsburgh,\",\n \"title\": \"Action of 8 June 1755\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507366\",\n \"text\": \"the frontier between Nova Scotia and Acadia. Braddock led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on the Braddock expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne, with George Washington as one of his aides. The expedition was a disaster. It was attacked by French regulars, Canadian militiamen, and Indian warriors ambushing them from hiding places up in trees and behind logs, and Braddock called for a retreat. He was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia, led by Washington. Washington and Thomas Gage played key roles in organizing\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9755247\",\n \"text\": \"The French and Indian War broke out in 1754 between British and French colonists over territorial disputes along their colonial frontiers, and escalated the following year to include regular troops. By 1756, the French had enjoyed successes in most of their frontier battles against the British. Their only notable failure occurred when the British stopped their southward advance from Lake Champlain in the 1755 Battle of Lake George. From bases at Fort St. Frédéric (located at what is now Crown Point, New York) and Fort Carillon (known to the British as Fort Ticonderoga), the French and their Indian allies continued\",\n \"title\": \"Battle on Snowshoes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507345\",\n \"text\": \"a large frontier with several companies of British regulars. The colonial governments were used to operating independently of one another and of the government in London, a situation that complicated negotiations with Indian tribes, whose territories often encompassed land claimed by multiple colonies. After the war began, the leaders of the British Army establishment tried to impose constraints and demands on the colonial administrations. New France's Governor-General Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière was concerned about the incursion and expanding influence in the Ohio Country of British colonial traders such as George Croghan. In June 1747, he ordered Pierre-Joseph Céloron to\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3970225\",\n \"text\": \"to the French, Croghan was in Ohio Country gathering intelligence for Pennsylvania, helping to build the Ohio Company stockade commanded by William Trent, and supplying the Indians with food, rum, and weapons. When the French reached the Forks of the Ohio early that spring, Croghan's half-brother Ensign Edward Ward was in charge of the garrison and forced to surrender. The Seven Years' War (1756-1763) in North America, or French and Indian War as this front was known in the colonies, unofficially began in 1754 with the Battle of Jumonville Glen and effectively ended in 1760 with the British capture of\",\n \"title\": \"George Croghan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14881716\",\n \"text\": \"known as the French and Indian War, was the last of four wars that occurred in North America at the same time as a European conflict. However, by 1759, the British had gone onto the offensive in America and captured Quebec, the French colonial capital. Fighting also occurred on the Indian subcontinent during Louis XV's reign. During the War of the Austrian Succession, French troops captured several settlements in India, but its allies were defeated by British troops in 1756. On the whole, the Seven Years' War went badly for the French, who were forced to sign an unfavorable treaty\",\n \"title\": \"French Royal Army (1652–1830)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13991365\",\n \"text\": \"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763 The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the major war known by Americans as the French and Indian War and by Canadians as the Seven Years' War / Guerre de Sept Ans, or by French-Canadians, La Guerre de la Conquête. It was signed by Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain. With France out of North America this dramatically changed the European political scene on the continent. At first only\",\n \"title\": \"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9028797\",\n \"text\": \"Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse. The Northwest Indian War, which the Cherokee were also involved in, ended with the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) and the related European theater conflict known as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) laid many of the foundations for the conflict between the Cherokee and the American settlers on the frontier. These tensions on the frontier broke out into open hostilities with the advent of the American Revolution. The action of the French and Indian War in North America included the Anglo-Cherokee War, lasting 1758–1761. British forces under general James Grant\",\n \"title\": \"Cherokee–American wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4471312\",\n \"text\": \"This was the beginning of the French and Indian War, a part of the Seven Years' War between France and England. Gist owned land near the present city of Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He named it Gist's Plantation and began to build a town there. At the outset of the war, the French burned all the buildings. Gist was a member of the Braddock Expedition during 1755 when it was defeated by the French and their Native American allies. After the defeat, Gist traveled into Tennessee, where he met with various native groups to seek their help during the war. His whereabouts,\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Gist\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1497566\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Braddock Major General Edward Braddock (January 1695 – 13 July 1755) was a British officer and commander-in-chief for the Thirteen Colonies during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), which is also known in Europe and Canada as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against the French-occupied Ohio River Valley in 1755, in which he lost his life. (Both Virginia and Pennsylvania claimed this territory by their Royal grants.) The son of Major-General Edward Braddock of the Coldstream Guards and his wife, Braddock\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Braddock\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8664739\",\n \"text\": \"or kill and destroy them.\\\" Historian Fred Anderson describes Dinwiddie's instructions, which were issued without the knowledge or direction of the British government, as \\\"an invitation to start a war.\\\" Washington was ordered to gather up as many supplies and paid volunteers as he could along the way. By the time he left for the frontier on April 2, he had recruited fewer than 160 men. Moving quickly and without artillery, his force marched north and west, picking up additional militia companies along the way. On April 19, outside Winchester, Virginia, Washington received word that a large French force was\",\n \"title\": \"George Washington in the French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507339\",\n \"text\": \"the St. Lawrence River valley, with some also in Acadia (present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia), including Île Royale (Cape Breton Island). Fewer lived in New Orleans, Biloxi, Mississippi, Mobile, Alabama, and small settlements in the Illinois Country, hugging the east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. French fur traders and trappers traveled throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds, did business with local Indian tribes, and often married Indian women. Traders married daughters of chiefs, creating high-ranking unions. British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507396\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a few acres of snow\\\". For France, however, the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789. For some of the Indian tribes, the elimination of French power in America meant the disappearance of a strong ally, although other tribes were not so affected. The Ohio Country was now more available to colonial settlement, due to the construction of military roads by Braddock and Forbes. The Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory was not completed until 1769, and it had modest repercussions. The British takeover\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12391109\",\n \"text\": \"towns as well as open battles with heavy losses. In the historiography of some countries, the war is named after combatants in its respective theatres. In the present-day United States — at the time, the southern English-speaking British colonies in North America — the conflict is known as the French and Indian War (1754–1763). In English-speaking Canada — the balance of Britain's former North American colonies — it is called the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). In French-speaking Canada, it is known as \\\"La guerre de la Conquête\\\" (the War of the Conquest). Swedish historiography uses the name \\\"Pommerska kriget\\\" (Pomeranian\",\n \"title\": \"Seven Years' War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4278926\",\n \"text\": \"Although it eventually became a worldwide conflict known as the Seven Years' War, the French and Indian War began on the Pennsylvania frontier as a struggle for control of the Ohio Country. With the surrender of George Washington at Fort Necessity in 1754 and Braddock's defeat in 1755, the settlers on the Pennsylvania frontier were without professional military protection, and scrambled to organize a defense. The French-allied Indians who had defeated General Edward Braddock at the Monongahela were primarily from the Great Lakes region to the north. The local Indians, mostly Delaware and Shawnee who had migrated to the area\",\n \"title\": \"Kittanning Expedition\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"151180\",\n \"text\": \"it also helped him obtain a commission to raise a company of men. In 1753, the French military advanced into the Ohio Country, where both France and Britain sought to expel the Indians. Dinwiddie and Washington were among stockholders in Virginia's Ohio Company, created for British settlement there in its landholdings. The land that joined the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers (future Pittsburgh) was prized by both nations. The competing stakes led to the French and Indian War (1754–62), beginning with a shot ordered by Washington, also to the Seven Years' War (1756–63). On March 15, 1754, Governor Dinwiddie commissioned Washington\",\n \"title\": \"George Washington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1970867\",\n \"text\": \"York, New England, and Nova Scotia with the Siege of Louisbourg (1745). At the Albany Congress of 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies be united by a Grand Council overseeing a common policy for defense, expansion, and Indian affairs. The plan was thwarted by colonial legislatures and King George II, but it was an early indication that the British colonies of North America were headed towards unification. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Previous colonial wars in North America had started in Europe and\",\n \"title\": \"Colonial history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5016904\",\n \"text\": \"Southern Colonies worked primarily in agriculture, on farms and plantations growing indigo, rice, cotton, and tobacco for export. The French and Indian War, fought between 1754 and 1763, was the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between France and Britain in North America, resulted in the British acquisition of New France, with its French Catholic population. Under the Treaty of Paris signed in 1763, the French ceded control of French Louisiana east of the Mississippi River to the British, which became known as the Indian Reserve. The religious ties between the\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1402986\",\n \"text\": \"Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War. In the struggle for control of North America, the contest between Great Britain and France\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507388\",\n \"text\": \"worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, to own property, and to remain undisturbed in their homes. The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers, and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war. General Amherst also oversaw the transition of French forts to British control in the western lands. The policies which he introduced in those lands disturbed large numbers of Indians and contributed to Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763. This series of attacks on frontier forts and settlements required the\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3196190\",\n \"text\": \"long as the precarious balance in the American interior survived, British and French colonies coexisted without serious difficulty. However, beginning in earnest following the Glorious Revolution in England (1688), the simmering dynastic, religious, and factional rivalries between the Protestant British and Catholic French in both Europe and the Americas triggered four \\\"French and Indian Wars\\\" fought largely on American soil (King William's War, 1689–97; Queen Anne's War, 1702–13; King George's War, 1744–48; and, finally the Seven Years' War, 1756–63). Great Britain finally removed the French from continental North America in 1763 following French defeat in the Seven Years' War. Within\",\n \"title\": \"France–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1970868\",\n \"text\": \"then spread to the colonies, but the French and Indian War is notable for having started in North America and spread to Europe. One of the primary causes of the war was increasing competition between Britain and France, especially in the Great Lakes and Ohio valley. The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when William Pitt the Elder decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America in order to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of\",\n \"title\": \"Colonial history of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"507375\",\n \"text\": \"British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario and endangered the Oswego garrison, already short on supplies. French forces in the Ohio valley also continued to intrigue with Indians throughout the area, encouraging them to raid frontier settlements. This led to ongoing alarms along the western frontiers, with streams of refugees returning east to get away from the action. The new British command was not in place until July. Abercrombie arrived in Albany but refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them, and Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. He built on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3992978\",\n \"text\": \"French and Indian War to join together to continue the fight to remove the British from the territory. Pontiac initiated attacks on the western-most frontier forts and settlements, believing the defeated French would rally and come to their aid. The start of the conflict is usually described as the siege of Fort Detroit on 10 May 1763. Fort Sandusky, Fort Michilimackinac, Fort Presque Isle, and numerous other frontier outposts were quickly overrun. Several frontier forts in the Ohio Country had fallen to the allied tribes, and Fort Pitt, Fort Ligionier, and Fort Bedford along Forbes's road were besieged or threatened.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Bouquet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3232676\",\n \"text\": \"Treaty of Easton The Treaty of Easton was a colonial agreement in North America signed in October 1758 during the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) between British colonials and the chiefs of 13 Native American nations, representing tribes of the Iroquois, Lenape (Delaware), and Shawnee. Negotiations over more than a week were concluded on October 26, 1758, at a ceremony held in Easton, Pennsylvania between the British colonial governors of the provinces of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and representatives of 13 Indian nations, including the Iroquois, who sent chiefs of three of their nations to ensure their continued\",\n \"title\": \"Treaty of Easton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15048234\",\n \"text\": \"At the same time, the war spread into Asia as the \\\"Third Carnatic War\\\". The \\\"French and Indian War\\\" not only stripped France of its North American empire, it also caused Britain to change its relationship to its colonies, a change that eventually led to the \\\"American Revolution\\\". During the \\\"French and Indian War\\\" (1754–1763), Native Americans were allied with both sides. The Iroquois sided with the British against the French and their Algonquin allies who were traditionally the enemies of the Iroquois. The \\\"Old French Fort\\\" at the \\\"Mission of Sainte Marie\\\" was one of the first attempts to\",\n \"title\": \"French in Syracuse, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121198\",\n \"text\": \"closed formations in the open. Although ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called \\\"la Petite guerre\\\", or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both Frenchmen and Native Americans; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13423901\",\n \"text\": \"reports claimed the British had a distinct advantage due to their snowshoes. The French and Indian War broke out in 1754 between British and French colonists over territorial disputes along their colonial frontiers, and escalated the following year to include regular troops. By 1756, the French had enjoyed successes in most of their frontier battles against the British. Their only notable failure occurred when the British stopped their southward advance from Lake Champlain in the 1755 Battle of Lake George. From bases at Fort St. Frédéric (located at what is now Crown Point, New York) and Fort Carillon (known to\",\n \"title\": \"Battle on Snowshoes (1757)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121208\",\n \"text\": \"France's chief allies were the \\\"indiens domiciliés\\\" (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France. Religious reasons and the need for a refuge from the English attack motivated their dislocation to French territory. At the end of the French and Indian wars, all resident Indians were joined in the confederation of the Seven Nations of Canada. A pattern of warfare emerged during the clashes between the European colonial powers and the American Indians which characterized the four major French and Indian wars. The complex network of relations was fundamental between some Indian tribes and some colonies, the\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2546789\",\n \"text\": \"to as the French and Indian War in the United States, came to an end after British General Jeffrey Amherst captured Montreal, the last important French settlement, in 1760. British troops proceeded to occupy the various forts in the Ohio Country and Great Lakes region previously garrisoned by the French. Even before the war officially ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), the British Crown began to implement changes in order to administer its vastly expanded North American territory. While the French had long cultivated alliances among certain of the Native Americans, the British post-war approach was essentially to treat\",\n \"title\": \"Pontiac's War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1121201\",\n \"text\": \"period. When war began, the several colonies organized their own military forces, provincial troops, through temporary enlistments. The soldiers came from the lower orders of society, which did not strengthen their reliability or efficiency. Massachusetts Bay, New York and Connecticut usually mobilized large contingents, while the southern colonies always very reluctantly contributed to the imperial cause. The British Army did not have high opinions of the battleworthiness of the provincial troops, with the exception of the ranger units. During conjoint operations the provincial troops were subject to the very strict British Articles of War. The officers of the provincial troops\",\n \"title\": \"French and Indian Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13127480\",\n \"text\": \"period of a few years, British colonists arrived from the East and contended against the Canadians for control of the lucrative fur trade. Fighting between the French and British colonists occurred throughout the 1750s as a result. The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the French Canadians during the French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years' War). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to cede to the British crown all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the colonies. The tribes in Indiana did not\",\n \"title\": \"Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"609609\",\n \"text\": \"Cherokee were victorious in the Battle of Taliwa. British soldiers built forts in Cherokee country to defend against the French in the Seven Years' War, which was fought across Europe and was called the French and Indian War on the North American front. These included Fort Loudoun near Chota. In 1756 the Cherokee were allies of the British in the French and Indian War. Serious misunderstandings arose quickly between the two allies, resulting in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. King George III's Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbade British settlements west of the Appalachian crest, as his government tried to afford some\",\n \"title\": \"Cherokee\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when did the french and indian war officially start"}}},{"rowIdx":285,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Russia"],"string":"[\n \"Russia\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"10915537","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915586","text":"program in network history). 2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"341505","text":"from a state-sponsored cover-up, with no indication that the program has ceased since then. Russia was the host nation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were held from June 14 to July 15, 2018 in the stadiums of 11 various Russian cities, namely, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Saransk, Sochi, Volgograd and Yekaterinburg. This was the first football World Cup ever held in Eastern Europe, and the first held in Europe since 2006. Russia will also host games of the Euro 2020. There are seven public holidays in Russia, except those always celebrated on","title":"Russia"},{"id":"10915555","text":"stadiums used during the tournament. Of the twelve venues used, the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and the Saint Petersburg Stadium – the two largest stadiums in Russia – were used most, both hosting seven matches. Sochi, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara all hosted six matches, including one quarter-final match each, while the Otkrytiye Stadium in Moscow and Rostov-on-Don hosted five matches, including one round-of-16 match each. Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg and Saransk all hosted four matches, but did not host any knockout stage games. A total of twelve stadiums in eleven Russian cities were built and renovated for the FIFA World","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915553","text":"Stadium over which would be constructed first. The final choice of host cities was announced on 29 September 2012. The number of cities was further reduced to 11 and number of stadiums to 12 as Krasnodar and Yaroslavl were dropped from the final list. Of the 12 stadiums used for the tournament, 3 (Luzhniki, Yekaterinburg and Sochi) have been extensively renovated and the other 9 stadiums to be used are brand new; $11.8 billion has been spent on hosting the tournament. Sepp Blatter stated in July 2014 that, given the concerns over the completion of venues in Russia, the number","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915540","text":"As such, there were eventually four bids for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, two of which were joint bids: England, Russia, Netherlands/Belgium, and Portugal/Spain. The 22-member FIFA Executive Committee convened in Zürich on 2 December 2010 to vote to select the hosts of both tournaments. Russia won the right to be the 2018 host in the second round of voting. The Portugal/Spain bid came second, and that from Belgium/Netherlands third. England, which was bidding to host its second tournament, was eliminated in the first round. The voting results were as follows: The English Football Association and others raised concerns of","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915561","text":"following the final draw, six kick-off times were adjusted by FIFA. Russia was placed in position A1 in the group stage and played in the opening match at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on 14 June against Saudi Arabia, the two lowest-ranked teams of the tournament at the time of the final draw. The Luzhniki Stadium also hosted the second semi-final on 11 July and the final on 15 July. The Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg hosted the first semi-final on 10 July and the third place play-off on 14 July. The opening ceremony took place on Thursday, 14 June","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915551","text":"VAR decision; the first penalty as a result of a VAR decision was awarded to France in their match against Australia on 16 June and resulted in a goal by Antoine Griezmann. A record number of penalties were awarded in the tournament, with this phenomenon being partially attributed to VAR. Overall, the new technology has been both praised and criticised by commentators. FIFA declared the implementation of VAR a success after the first week of competition. Russia proposed the following host cities: Kaliningrad, Kazan, Krasnodar, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Saransk, Sochi, Volgograd, Yaroslavl, and Yekaterinburg. Most cities","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"2408537","text":"Championships. The original stadium was demolished in 2013 to give a way for the construction of a new stadium. The self-supported cover was retained. The facade wall was retained as well, due to its architectural value, and was later reconnected to a new building. Construction of the new stadium was completed in 2017. The 2018 FIFA World Cup was awarded to Russia and the Luzhniki Stadium was selected by the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid as the venue for the opening match and also the final, which was held on 15 July 2018. The stadium joins Rome's Stadio Olimpico,","title":"Luzhniki Stadium"},{"id":"15301282","text":"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium Nizhny Novgorod Stadium () is a football stadium in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It has a capacity of 44,899 spectators. The new stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Nizhny Novgorod was built in the historic area known as the Spit (Strelka), at the confluence of the two major rivers: the Volga and the Oka. It overlooks the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin standing on the opposite bank of the river. The stadium design follows the classic style and uses a palette of white, blue and azure","title":"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium"},{"id":"15301291","text":"arena grounds will include a park, parking lots, futsal fields, and tennis courts. Nizhny Novgorod Stadium Nizhny Novgorod Stadium () is a football stadium in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It has a capacity of 44,899 spectators. The new stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Nizhny Novgorod was built in the historic area known as the Spit (Strelka), at the confluence of the two major rivers: the Volga and the Oka. It overlooks the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin standing on the opposite bank of the river. The stadium design","title":"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium"},{"id":"15301292","text":"Samara Arena Samara Arena (), also known as the Cosmos Arena, is a football stadium in Samara, Russia. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Krylia Sovetov Samara of the Russian Football National League, replacing Metallurg Stadium. It has a capacity of 44,918 spectators. Samara authorities announced their design tender in late 2012 with cost estimated at $320 million. General characteristics The stadium design was approved (re-approved) by Glavgosexpertiza of Russia on 19 July 2017. The main architectural feature of the stadium in Samara is its metal dome inspired by","title":"Samara Arena"},{"id":"5438109","text":"Cup in 2018. In November 2009, the venues were presented. In Belgium, matches would have been played in 7 venues: Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Charleroi, Genk, Ghent and Liège. In the Netherlands, only five cities would host matches: Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Enschede, Heerenveen and Rotterdam, but both Amsterdam and Rotterdam would provide two stadiums. Eindhoven would function as the 'capital city' of the World Cup. Euro 2000 was also jointly hosted by Belgium and the Netherlands. On 31 October 2007, The Football Association officially announced its bid to host the event. On 24 April 2008 England finalised a 63-page bid to host","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"7584340","text":"States and Mexico, and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco. The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia. The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World","title":"FIFA World Cup hosts"},{"id":"10915556","text":"Cup. Base camps were used by the 32 national squads to stay and train before and during the World Cup tournament. On 9 February 2018, FIFA announced the base camps for each participating team. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion , it is the most expensive World Cup in history, surpassing the cost of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. The Russian government had originally earmarked a budget of around $20 billion which was later slashed to $10 billion for the preparations of the World Cup, of which half is spent on transport infrastructure. As part of","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"19256734","text":"city’s cultural and sporting events, festivals, exhibitions, and concerts. In the future, the stadium will host a fitness center. Sound system processing and amplification: www.mc2-audio.,co.uk Volgograd Arena The Volgograd Arena () is a football stadium in Volgograd, Russia. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rotor Volgograd. It has a capacity of 45,568 spectators. The stadium was built on site of the demolished Central Stadium, at the foot of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, near the Volga River. The previous stadium was built in 1958, on the site of a","title":"Volgograd Arena"},{"id":"7584315","text":"country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Congress. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament. Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World","title":"FIFA World Cup hosts"},{"id":"5438099","text":"non-European bids for the 2018 event were withdrawn, resulting in the exclusion of all European bids from consideration for the 2022 edition. By the time of the decision, bids for the 2018 World Cup included England, Russia, a joint bid from Belgium and Netherlands, and a joint bid from Portugal and Spain. Bids for the 2022 World Cup came from Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. Indonesia's bid was disqualified due to lack of governmental support, and Mexico withdrew its bid for financial reasons. On 2 December 2010, Russia and Qatar were selected as the locations for","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"15301303","text":"explosives, and it will be serviced by 30 24-hour security posts. Samara Arena Samara Arena (), also known as the Cosmos Arena, is a football stadium in Samara, Russia. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Krylia Sovetov Samara of the Russian Football National League, replacing Metallurg Stadium. It has a capacity of 44,918 spectators. Samara authorities announced their design tender in late 2012 with cost estimated at $320 million. General characteristics The stadium design was approved (re-approved) by Glavgosexpertiza of Russia on 19 July 2017. The main architectural feature","title":"Samara Arena"},{"id":"14582363","text":"bid committee also includes RFU CEO Alexey Sorokin and Alexander Djordjadze as the Director of Bid Planning and Operations. In October 2010, Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On December 2, 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal, which divides them into 6 different clusters: one in the north, centered on St. Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a southern cluster, centered on Sochi, and the Volga River cluster. Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains","title":"Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid"},{"id":"2113016","text":"first broadcast in 1974. Radio transmission began in Rostov-on-Don on October 17, 1975. In 2009, there were fourteen FM radio stations in Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don is one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A huge development is planned on the left bank of the Don River, which includes a soccer stadium to host the games during the championship. In 2018, Rostov-on-Don was one of the Russian cities to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Rostov Arena with a capacity of 45,000 spectators was built on the left bank of the Don River, left of the exit from","title":"Rostov-on-Don"},{"id":"20193129","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup squads The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament held in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. A provisional list of 35 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 14 May 2018, one month prior to the opening match of the tournament. From the preliminary squad, the final list of 23 players per national team was submitted","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup squads"},{"id":"19256729","text":"Volgograd Arena The Volgograd Arena () is a football stadium in Volgograd, Russia. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rotor Volgograd. It has a capacity of 45,568 spectators. The stadium was built on site of the demolished Central Stadium, at the foot of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, near the Volga River. The previous stadium was built in 1958, on the site of a former oil depot. This area was undeveloped, occupied by randomly distributed low-value buildings, warehouses, barracks and ravines. During construction of the stadium, 300 unexploded bombs","title":"Volgograd Arena"},{"id":"20761851","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on Thursday, 14 June 2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia at 3:30 (BST), about a half hour before the opening match which Russia won 5–0 over Saudi Arabia. Former Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo walked out with a child wearing a Russia 2018 shirt. English pop singer Robbie Williams then took centre stage with a rendition of \"Let Me Entertain You\" before Russian soprano Aida Garifullina was carried out on to the pitch on the back of a \"firebird\" float. Williams","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony"},{"id":"10915552","text":"are in European Russia, while Sochi and Yekaterinburg are very close to the Europe-Asia border, to reduce travel time for the teams in the huge country. The bid evaluation report stated: \"The Russian bid proposes 13 host cities and 16 stadiums, thus exceeding FIFA's minimum requirement. Three of the 16 stadiums would be renovated, and 13 would be newly constructed.\" In October 2011, Russia decreased the number of stadiums from 16 to 14. Construction of the proposed Podolsk stadium in the Moscow region was cancelled by the regional government, and also in the capital, Otkrytiye Arena was competing with Dynamo","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"7584336","text":"banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees. Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country","title":"FIFA World Cup hosts"},{"id":"5438140","text":"FIFA's headquarters in Zurich. Russia was chosen to host the 2018 World Cup, and Qatar was chosen to host the 2022 World Cup. This made Russia the first Eastern European country to host the World Cup, while Qatar would be the first Middle Eastern country to host the World Cup. Blatter noted that the committee had decided to \"go to new lands\" and reflected a desire to \"develop football\" by bringing it to more countries. In each round a majority of twelve votes was needed. If no bid received 12 votes in a round, the bid with the fewest votes","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"15358515","text":"years old. Some of them worked as volunteers during the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. It was the first experience with such a large-scale volunteer program in the contemporary Russia. For the first time in its history, Russia will host the FIFA World Cup from 14 June till 15 July 2018. Moreover, it will be the first time the World Cup games will be played both in Europe and Asia. The games will be hosted by 12 stadiums in 11 Russian cities. The volunteer program of the 2018 FIFA World Cup has engaged thousands of people from Russia and other countries","title":"Volunteering"},{"id":"20441570","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 15 July 2018 to determine the winners of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It was the final of the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was contested by France and Croatia, and held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. Before 2018, France's only World Cup victory was in 1998 – though they had also reached the final in 2006 – while Croatia were playing in","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"145471","text":"who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament.","title":"FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"15301334","text":"Rostov Arena Rostov Arena () is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectators. In June 2013, during the groundbreaking for the stadium, five shells from WWII were found, almost perfectly preserved. In August 2013, work began on the sandy alluvium foundation for the stadium. Work on the foundation was completed in May 2014. Construction commenced on the stadium substructure in October 2015. In December the construction site","title":"Rostov Arena"},{"id":"10915538","text":"The finals involved 32 teams, of which 31 came through qualifying competitions, while the host nation qualified automatically. Of the 32 teams, 20 had also appeared in the previous tournament in 2014, while both Iceland and Panama made their first appearances at a FIFA World Cup. A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues across 11 cities. The final took place on 15 July at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between France and Croatia. France won the match 4–2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth consecutive title won by a European team. The bidding","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"15301338","text":"sporting and cultural events. Rostov Arena Rostov Arena () is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectators. In June 2013, during the groundbreaking for the stadium, five shells from WWII were found, almost perfectly preserved. In August 2013, work began on the sandy alluvium foundation for the stadium. Work on the foundation was completed in May 2014. Construction commenced on the stadium substructure in October 2015. In","title":"Rostov Arena"},{"id":"10915562","text":"2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, preceding the opening match of the tournament between hosts Russia and Saudi Arabia. At the start of the ceremony, Russian president Vladimir Putin gave a speech, welcoming the countries of the world to Russia and calling football a uniting force. Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo entered the stadium with a child in a Russia shirt. Pop singer Robbie Williams then sang two of his songs solo before he and Russian soprano Aida Garifullina performed a duet. Dancers dressed in the flags of the 32 competing teams appeared carrying a sign with the name","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"20761855","text":"Yeah, I did, didn't I?”. Williams changing his lyrics \"every night\" is still unexplained. 2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on Thursday, 14 June 2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia at 3:30 (BST), about a half hour before the opening match which Russia won 5–0 over Saudi Arabia. Former Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo walked out with a child wearing a Russia 2018 shirt. English pop singer Robbie Williams then took centre stage with a rendition of \"Let Me Entertain You\" before Russian soprano Aida Garifullina was","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony"},{"id":"20441576","text":"was reduced to 78,011 for the World Cup. This also makes the stadium the largest in Eastern Europe, and among the largest in Europe. To prepare for the World Cup, the stadium was closed for extensive renovations in August 2013. The spectator stands were moved closer to the pitch, which was converted from artificial turf to natural grass, after the removal of the athletic track. The historic facade of the stadium was preserved due to its architectural value, while the roof was upgraded using a new polycarbonate skin with exterior lighting. The Luzhniki did not host any matches at the","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"5438116","text":"bid: Spain would lead a twelve-stadium project with eight of the venues, and the opening and final games would be held in Lisbon and Madrid, respectively. Spain has previously hosted the 1982 World Cup, while Portugal organised the Euro 2004. Russia announced its intent to bid in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time. Russia's President Vladimir Putin took a keen interest in the bid and ordered Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sports, to \"prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup\". According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko, who also served","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"10915539","text":"procedure to host the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup tournaments began in January 2009, and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest. Initially, nine countries placed bids for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but Mexico later withdrew from proceedings, and Indonesia's bid was rejected by FIFA in February 2010 after the Indonesian government failed to submit a letter to support the bid. During the bidding process, the three remaining non-UEFA nations (Australia, Japan, and the United States) gradually withdrew from the 2018 bids, and the UEFA nations were thus ruled out of the 2022 bid.","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"11491876","text":"English Lacrosse, withdrew from hosting duties in May 2017, citing what it saw as an unacceptably high level of financial risk. The event ultimately took place in Netanya, Israel between 12 and 21 July 2018. It was announced on 2 December 2010 that England's bid was unsuccessful and the 2018 FIFA World Cup would be held in Russia. Failed due to unsuccessful bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. In December 2006, the Football Association of Wales announced it was tentatively considering the possibility of jointly hosting the tournament with the Scottish Football Association. Scotland, along with the Republic","title":"Major sports event hosting in Britain during the 2010s"},{"id":"17724716","text":"Bielsko-Biała, Bydgoszcz, Gdynia, Łódź, Lublin and Tychy six cities to host the competition. Lubin (not to confuse with Lublin) ended up withdrawn from the list due to hotel capacity troubles. Łódź will host the opening and final at the Stadion Widzewa. Bielsko-Biała will replace Lubin as host city. The emblem was unveiled on 14 December 2018. The emblem features a crocus, a flower that blooms every spring in Poland combined with the colors of the Polish flag, symbolising the new faces that will emerge to shape the tournament's trophy. The slogan, official song, match ball and mascot to be unveiled","title":"2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup"},{"id":"13418830","text":"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup The 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was the 10th FIFA Confederations Cup, a quadrennial international men's football tournament organised by FIFA. It was held in Russia, from 17 June to 2 July 2017, as a prelude to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time","title":"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup"},{"id":"10915543","text":"entered the competition. Places in the tournament were allocated to continental confederations, with the allocation unchanged from the 2014 World Cup. The first qualification game, between Timor-Leste and Mongolia, began in Dili on 12 March 2015 as part of the AFC's qualification, and the main qualifying draw took place at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, on 25 July 2015. Of the 32 nations qualified to play at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, 20 countries competed at the previous tournament in 2014. Both Iceland and Panama qualified for the first time, with the former becoming the smallest country in","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"19433066","text":"the event before, the tournament will be heading to a new location, later shortlisted to four. The Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, the Netherlands, and the United States expressed interest, but eventually did not bid. The host were originally to be appointed by December 2016, then delayed to December 2017. Costa Rica, Croatia, Kazakhstan, and the United Arab Emirates were later eliminated from contention. The hosts were selected by the FIFA Council on 26 October 2018 in Kigali, Rwanda from the final four candidates: Iran, Japan, Lithuania, and New Zealand. Lithuania were chosen over Iran, Japan and New Zealand as host","title":"2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup"},{"id":"10915576","text":"Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that \"should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled\". Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong-joon in which a vote-trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed. In response to the March 2018 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, British Prime Minister Theresa May announced","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915544","text":"terms of population to reach the World Cup. Other teams returning after absences of at least three tournaments include: Egypt, returning to the finals after their last appearance in 1990; Morocco, who last competed in 1998; Peru, returning after 1982; and Senegal, competing for the second time after reaching the quarter-finals in 2002. It is the first time three Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland and Sweden) and four Arab nations (Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia) have qualified for the World Cup. Notable countries that failed to qualify include four-time champions Italy (for the first time since 1958), three-time runners-up and","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915545","text":"third placed in 2014 the Netherlands (for the first time since 2002), and four reigning continental champions: 2017 Africa Cup of Nations winners Cameroon, two-time Copa América champions and 2017 Confederations Cup runners-up Chile, 2016 OFC Nations Cup winners New Zealand, and 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup champions United States (for the first time since 1986). The other notable qualifying streaks broken were for Ghana and Ivory Coast, who had both made the previous three tournaments. \"Note: Numbers in parentheses indicate positions in the FIFA World Rankings at the time of the tournament.\" The draw was held on 1 December 2017","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915580","text":"three billion viewers on TV all around the world and 7 million fans visited the fan fests. FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 2018 FIFA World Cup to various local broadcasters. After having trailed the technology in limited matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 FIFA World Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro), the 2018 World Cup was the first World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K ultra high definition. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"20097548","text":"from the quarterfinals onward. On June 13, 2018, at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia, the United bid was selected by 134 votes to Morocco's 65, while Iran voted for neither. Upon this selection, Canada will become the fifth country to host both the men's and women's World Cup, joining Sweden, the United States, Germany, and France. Mexico will become the first country to host three men's World Cups, and the United States will become the first country to host both the men's and women's World Cup twice each. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted","title":"United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"},{"id":"10915557","text":"the program for preparation to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, a federal sub-program \"Construction and Renovation of Transport Infrastructure\" was implemented with a total budget of 352.5 billion rubles, with 170.3 billion coming from the federal budget, 35.1 billion from regional budgets, and 147.1 billion from investors. The biggest item of federal spending was the aviation infrastructure (117.8 billion rubles). Construction of new hotels was a crucial area of infrastructure development in the World Cup host cities. Costs continued to balloon as preparations were underway. Platov International Airport in Rostov-on-Don was upgraded with automated air traffic control systems, modern surveillance,","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915546","text":"at 18:00 MSK at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow. The 32 teams were drawn into 8 groups of 4, by selecting one team from each of the 4 ranked pots. For the draw, the teams were allocated to four pots based on the FIFA World Rankings of October 2017. Pot 1 contained the hosts Russia (who were automatically assigned to position A1) and the best seven teams, pot 2 contained the next best eight teams, and so on for pots 3 and 4. This was different from previous draws, when only pot 1 was based on FIFA rankings while","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"20441572","text":"also became the second team in the 32-team World Cup to win all their knockout matches without any extra time or penalty shoot-out after Brazil in 2002. As winners, France qualified for the 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup. The final was played at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, located in the Khamovniki District of the Central Administrative Okrug. An expanded version of the stadium was named as the provisional final venue in Russia's World Cup bid, which was selected by FIFA on 2 December 2010. Luzhniki Stadium was confirmed as the final venue on 14 December 2012, following a meeting of","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"2656257","text":"Saransk Saransk (; ; ) is the capital city of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic centre. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about east of Moscow. Saransk was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The Russian fortress Atemar, founded in 1641, took its name from a nearby Mordvin village; at the time the fortress stood on the southeastern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. The current name, \"Saransk\", refers to the city's situation on the Saranka river. Soon","title":"Saransk"},{"id":"10915554","text":"of venues for the tournament may be reduced from 12 to 10. He also said, \"We are not going to be in a situation, as is the case of one, two or even three stadiums in South Africa, where it is a problem of what you do with these stadiums\". In October 2014, on their first official visit to Russia, FIFA's inspection committee and its head Chris Unger visited St Petersburg, Sochi, Kazan and both Moscow venues. They were satisfied with the progress. On 8 October 2015, FIFA and the Local Organising Committee agreed on the official names of the","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"145472","text":"The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018. This is partly to avoid a similar scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder. The 2026 FIFA World Cup was chosen to be held in the United States, Canada and Mexico, marking the first","title":"FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"15120739","text":"Central Stadium (Yekaterinburg) The Central Stadium of Yekaterinburg, also known as Ekaterinburg Arena, is a multi-purpose stadium in the city of Yekaterinburg in Russia. It is the home ground of Russian Premier League football club FC Ural Yekaterinburg. The capacity of the stadium is just over 35,000, and will be reduced to 23,000 after the World Cup. It is one of 12 venues in 11 host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The stadium is the eastern-most among the 2018 World Cup venues, being the only venue that stands in Asian Russia. Central Stadium was built in","title":"Central Stadium (Yekaterinburg)"},{"id":"760497","text":"the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Yekaterinburg is one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Central Stadium. For the World Cup 2018, from 7 October 2015 to 29 December 2017, the Central Stadium was upgraded to bring it into compliance with FIFA requirements for the World Cup. The architectural concept of the new stadium is built on a combination of historical walls and the built-in core of the modern arena. During the reconstruction of the sports facility, which is a monument of history and culture, the facades are","title":"Yekaterinburg"},{"id":"9340233","text":"be used mostly for football matches and will host the home matches of FC Spartak Moscow. The stadium was designed with a capacity of 35,000 people, but later this was changed to a 42,000 people. The new stadium was included in Russia's bid for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, possibly hosting the opening game, as the Luzhniki Stadium is to host the final. Tushino Airfield Tushino airfield () is a former general aviation airfield located in Tushino, northwest Moscow, Russia. During the Cold War, this was the site of military exercises showcasing the latest in Soviet innovation. These exercises were","title":"Tushino Airfield"},{"id":"10915559","text":"Kazan and Sochi. On 27 March, the Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector of Russia reported that all communications within its area of responsibility have been commissioned. The last facility commissioned was a waste treatment station in Volgograd. In Yekaterinburg, where four matches are hosted, hosting costs increased to over 7.4 billion rubles, over-running the 5.6 billion rubles originally allocated from the state and regional budget. Volunteer applications to the Russia 2018 Local Organising Committee opened on 1 June 2016. The 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Volunteer Program received about 177,000 applications, and engaged a total of 35,000","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"18520733","text":"the February and August fixtures from the FIFA calendar, the 'Hex' for the first time was not contained within a single calendar year, but instead began in November 2016 and concluded in October 2017. The draw for the fifth round (to decide the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016, 10:00 EDT (), at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States. The draw for the inter-confederation play-offs was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg. The fourth-placed team from","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)"},{"id":"251989","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup, and in Moscow, the Luzhniki Stadium will have an increased capacity, by almost 10,000 new seats, in addition to a further two stadiums that will be built: the Dynamo Stadium, and the Spartak Stadium. Together these will have a capacity of at least 40,000 seats. Two of Moscow's stadiums will serve as venues for the FIFA World Cup games: the Luzhniki Stadium and the Otkritie Arena. Luzhniki Stadium is the largest stadium in the country. It has a capacity of up to 81,000 spectators. The stadium has 102 VIP boxes, 2000 seats for media representatives and","title":"Moscow"},{"id":"15120971","text":"first legs were played on 10 and 11 November 2017, and the second legs were played on 15 November 2017. The matchups were decided at the preliminary draw which was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification"},{"id":"5438112","text":"that all games would be played at English grounds. The venues selected on 16 December 2009 to form the bid were: London (three stadiums), Manchester (two stadiums), Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Milton Keynes, Newcastle, Nottingham, Plymouth, Sheffield and Sunderland. FIFA officials also expressed interest in an English bid. David Will, a vice-president of FIFA, noted England's World Cup proposal as early as May 2004. Franz Beckenbauer, leader of Germany's successful bid for the 2006 World Cup and a member of FIFA's Executive Committee, twice publicly backed an English bid to host the World Cup, in January and July 2007. FIFA","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"20555717","text":"Strelka (Nizhny Novgorod Metro) Strelka () is a station of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro which was opened on 12 June 2018. It is the northern terminus of the Sormovsko–Meshcherskaya line. The station is located near Nizhny Novgorod Stadium, one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The name, which means “spit” (of land) in Russian, refers to the Spit of Nizhny Novgorod at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers. Although plans for a northern extension of the line have existed for some time, there had been little progress. Construction toward Yarmarka Station started in 1993, but","title":"Strelka (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)"},{"id":"6859454","text":"Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS), the first in","title":"Khalifa International Stadium"},{"id":"1915346","text":"Plan, aims to increase airport’s capacity to 80 million passengers a year by 2026. Sheremetyevo International Airport was the official airport of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. During the tournament, the airport observed a 16% increase in landing operations and an 11% increase in passenger traffic. In late 2018, Rossiya Airlines announced the transfer of its flights from Vnukovo Airport to Sheremetyevo International Airport starting October 28, 2018. Rossiya Airlines is owned by Aeroflot. Sheremetyevo International Airport has four operating passenger terminals and one special terminal reserved for the use of private and business aviation. The airport's terminals are divided","title":"Sheremetyevo International Airport"},{"id":"10915560","text":"volunteers. They received training at 15 Volunteer Centres of the Local Organising Committee based in 15 universities, and in Volunteer Centres in the host cities. Preference, especially in the key areas, was given to those with knowledge of foreign languages and volunteering experience, but not necessarily to Russian nationals. Free public transport services were offered for ticketholders during the World Cup, including additional trains linking between host cities, as well as services such as bus service within them. The full schedule was announced by FIFA on 24 July 2015 (without kick-off times, which were confirmed later). On 1 December 2017,","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"18894375","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs) For the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, there were two scheduled inter-confederation play-offs to determine the final two qualification spots to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were originally scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017, and later confirmed to take place between 10–15 November. The draw for the inter-confederation play-offs was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg. The four teams from the four confederations (AFC, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, and OFC)","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)"},{"id":"145438","text":"Chile, England, Argentina, Spain, the United States, Japan and South Korea (jointly), South Africa and Russia have each hosted once. Qatar are planned as hosts of the 2022 finals, and 2026 will be jointly hosted by Canada, the United States and Mexico, which will give Mexico the distinction of being the first country to have hosted games in three finals. The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England, which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the inaugural British Home Championship, took place in 1884. As football","title":"FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"15120967","text":"the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016 at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States. The qualification structure was the same as the previous five editions. The ten teams played in a league of home-and-away round-robin matches. The top four teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Oceania Football Confederation qualifying competition. Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were decided by a draw held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. The","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification"},{"id":"801815","text":"the Super League in the 2013/14 season. Samara is one of eleven cities hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup with 6 matches (4 Group Stage matches, 1 Round of 16 match, 1 Quarter-Final) which will take place in the newly built Cosmos Arena stadium. The stadium's seating capacity is 45,000. During the World Cup, the city hosted the FIFA Fan Fest on the Kuibysheva Square. Up to 20,000 fans were be able to participate in the event at a time. Three new training fields have been built in the city for the FIFA World Cup. Two major roads have been","title":"Samara"},{"id":"14241893","text":"been built, exceeding FIFA's 40,000 capacity requirement. The bid was unsuccessful, Russia was selected as the host of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Trent Bridge cricket ground, located across the river in West Bridgford, Rushcliffe, is the home of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, who were winners of the 2005 County Championship and runners-up in the 2006 Twenty20 cup competition. Trent Bridge is a major venue for international Test matches, and also hosts other important cricketing events such as the Twenty20 cup finals and regular One Day International games. The ground, which has won architectural awards for the design of some","title":"Sport in Nottingham"},{"id":"6859457","text":"in May 2017. Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS),","title":"Khalifa International Stadium"},{"id":"20028243","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup seeding The draw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on 1 December 2017 at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia. It determined the group in which each of the 32 qualified national teams will play in at the start of the tournament. The teams were divided into four pots of eight, with one team selected from each pot to form a group. Unlike previous editions of the World Cup, all pots were determined by each national team's October 2017 FIFA World Ranking, with Pot 1 containing the highest-ranked teams, Pot 2 containing the","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup seeding"},{"id":"15120957","text":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition, but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches. Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts.","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification"},{"id":"20441573","text":"the now-erswthile FIFA Executive Committee held in Tokyo, Japan. The stadium also hosted six other matches, including the opening match on 14 June, three group stage matches, a round of 16 match, and the second semi-final match. The Luzhniki Stadium, previously known as the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium until 1992, originally opened in 1956 as part of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex to host the USSR Summer Spartakiade. The stadium has served as the national stadium of the country, hosting many matches for the Russia national team and its predecessor, the Soviet Union national team. In the past,","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"12050005","text":"for the 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 tournaments: The qualifying draw is scheduled to take place in July 2019. The first five proposed venues for the World Cup were unveiled at the beginning of March 2010. The stadiums aim to employ cooling technology capable of reducing temperatures within the stadium by up to , and the upper tiers of the stadiums will be disassembled after the World Cup and donated to countries with less developed sports infrastructure. Qatar aims to build the stadiums with the highest sustainability and environmental standards. The stadiums will be equipped with cooling systems that are","title":"2022 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"20441575","text":"Hockey World Championships, the 1973 Summer Universiade, the Friendship Games in 1984, the 1986 Goodwill Games, and the 1998 World Youth Games. In 2013, the Rugby World Cup Sevens and World Athletics Championships were held at the ground in front of sparse crowds. The stadium has also served as a venue for many concerts, including Western artists after the fall of the Soviet Union, as well as political rallies. Rated as a category 4 stadium by UEFA, the Luzhniki Stadium is the largest in Russia and at the 2018 World Cup; it usually has a maximum capacity of 81,006, but","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"7079453","text":"plans to expand the stadium to 29,000 seats over the course of the summer of 2012, however the economic downturn shelved these plans. As part of the combined Netherlands and Belgium bid to host the 2018 or 2022 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was one of five stadiums in the Netherlands selected by the KNVB to host games. A successful bid would have meant that the stadium capacity would have been increased to the minimum required seating of 44,000 . In the beginning of December 2010 FIFA announced that the 2018 World Cup would be awarded to Russia. Just before","title":"Abe Lenstra Stadion"},{"id":"10915584","text":"alongside other sports rights owners that have also been affected to protect its interests.\" In the United States, the 2018 World Cup was the first men's World Cup whose English rights were held by Fox Sports, and Spanish rights held by Telemundo. The elimination of the United States in qualifying led to concerns that US interest and viewership of this World Cup would be reduced (especially among \"casual\" viewers interested in the U.S. team; its matches at the 2014 World Cup peaked at 16.5 million U.S. viewers), especially noting how much Fox paid for the rights. During a launch event","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"10915542","text":"the controversy, the FA refused to accept Eckert's absolving of Russia from blame, with Greg Dyke calling for a re-examination of the affair and David Bernstein calling for a boycott of the World Cup. For the first time in the history of the FIFA World Cup, all eligible nations – the 209 FIFA member associations minus automatically qualified hosts Russia – applied to enter the qualifying process. Zimbabwe and Indonesia were later disqualified before playing their first matches, while Gibraltar and Kosovo, who joined FIFA on 13 May 2016 after the qualifying draw but before European qualifying had begun, also","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"18057828","text":"the first round, while the other seven teams entered the second round. The schedule of the competition was as follows. The inter-confederation play-offs were scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017. The match schedule was revealed on 30 July 2015, following a draw held at OFC Headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand. The draw for the second round was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. While the results of the OFC Nations Cup knockout stage matches have no","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)"},{"id":"18520731","text":"– used to draw the first four rounds of the qualifiers – was based on the FIFA World Rankings of August 2014 (shown in parentheses). The schedule of the competition was as follows. The inter-confederation play-offs were scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017. The draw for the first round was held on 15 January 2015, 19:40 EST (), at the W Hotel at Miami Beach, Florida, United States. The draw for the second round was held on 15 January 2015, 19:40 EST (), at the W Hotel at Miami Beach, Florida, United States. The draw for the third","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)"},{"id":"5438132","text":"Stadium and Daegu Stadium. Another 70,000 seat stadium is scheduled to be built in Incheon as the main stadium for the 2014 Asian Games. Other venues meet hosting requirements as they were built for the 2002 World Cup. The 12 cities selected to hold the finals were South Korea to win the bid were selected in March 2010 and were Busan, Cheonan, Daegu, Daejeon, Goyang, Gwangju, Incheon (2 venues), Jeonju, Seogwipo, Seoul (2venues), Suwon and Ulsan. U.S. Soccer first said in February 2007 that it would bid for the 2018 World Cup. On 28 January 2009, U.S. Soccer then announced","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"5438098","text":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids The bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups was the process by which the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) selected locations for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups. The process began officially in March 2009; eleven bids from thirteen countries were received, including one which was withdrawn and one that was rejected before FIFA's executive committee voted in November 2010. Two of the remaining nine bids applied only to the 2022 World Cup, while the rest were initially applications for both. Over the course of the bidding, all","title":"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"},{"id":"2408528","text":"and closing ceremonies, as well as some of the competitions, including the final of the football tournament. A UEFA Category 4 stadium, Luzhniki hosted UEFA Cup Final in 1999 and UEFA Champions League Final in 2008. The stadium also hosted such events as 1973 Summer Universiade and 2013 World Championships in Athletics. It was named the main stadium of 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted 7 matches of the tournament, including the opening match and the final. In the past its field has been used as the home ground (at various times) for football games played by CSKA Moscow, Spartak","title":"Luzhniki Stadium"},{"id":"7443379","text":"Cup matches. The stadium was supposed to be completely reconstructed, but Yaroslavl was cut from the final host list. Shinnik Stadium The Shinnik Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Yaroslavl, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Shinnik Yaroslavl. The stadium holds 22,990 people. It was planned on being expanded to 45,000 people in capacity, for the FIFA World Cup 2018, which will be hosted in Russia, but the plans fell through when Yaroslavl didn't make it to the host cities list. Opened in 1957. [source not specified 2420 days] In","title":"Shinnik Stadium"},{"id":"18548273","text":"fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs. Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were determined by draw, which was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. For scheduling reasons, Argentina and Brazil were automatically positioned as Teams 4 and 5 respectively to ensure that no team has to play both of them on any double matchday. The remaining eight teams were drawn into one of the remaining eight positions from Teams 1 to 10","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)"},{"id":"145435","text":"FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the \"\" (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. The current format of the competition involves a qualification phase, which currently takes place over the","title":"FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"145473","text":"time a World Cup has been shared by three host nations. The 2026 tournament will be the biggest World Cup ever held, with 48 teams playing 80 matches. Sixty matches will take place in the US, including all matches from the quarter-finals onward, while Canada and Mexico will host 10 games each. Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semi-final against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the","title":"FIFA World Cup"},{"id":"18520734","text":"CONCACAF was drawn against the fifth-placed team from Asian Football Confederation (AFC), with the CONCACAF team hosting the first leg. The following three teams from CONCACAF qualified for the final tournament. 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF) The North, Central American and Caribbean section of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Russia, for national teams which are members of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF). 3.5 slots (3 direct slots and 1 inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament were available for","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)"},{"id":"1744869","text":"to Europe for 9 December 2018 in Madrid, a neutral site, for security and travel reasons. Both sets of fans attended the match as River Plate won 3–1 after extra time (5–3 on aggregate) to lift the trophy outside of South America for the first time and flew to the UAE afterwards, arriving for the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup with sufficient time. Santiago Bernabéu Stadium The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium ( ) is a football stadium in Madrid, Spain. With a current seating capacity of 81,044, it has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947.","title":"Santiago Bernabéu Stadium"},{"id":"20441577","text":"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup due to the ongoing project. The renovation project cost €341 million, and the stadium officially reopened with an international friendly between Russia and Argentina on 11 November 2017. After Uruguay and Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals, a European side was ensured to win the World Cup for a fourth consecutive tournament. The match was also the ninth all-European World Cup final, which most recently occurred in 2006 and 2010. The match was the third World Cup final for France, first appearing in the 1998 final as hosts, winning 3–0 against reigning champions Brazil. France also","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"3805193","text":"along with Canada Soccer Association and the United States Soccer Federation announced its joint bid to host the World Cup later awarded on June 13, 2018 with 134 votes beating out Morocco's bid by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation with 65 votes. Mexico will host 10 matches along with Canada in 3 cities while United States will host 60 matches in 10 cities including the final. The shortlist of cities will be chosen by June 2020. Mexican Football Federation The Mexican Football Federation (Femexfut or FMF, ) is the governing body of association football in Mexico. It administers the Mexico","title":"Mexican Football Federation"},{"id":"20441604","text":"RDS. In the United States, Fox received between US$399,000 and $750,000 for a 30-second advertisement spot during the World Cup final; whereas in France, TF1 got up to $300,000 for a 30-second ad-spot. 2018 FIFA World Cup Final The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 15 July 2018 to determine the winners of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It was the final of the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was contested by France and Croatia, and held","title":"2018 FIFA World Cup Final"},{"id":"17724710","text":"qualify for the final tournament. In addition to Peru who qualifies automatically as hosts, 23 other teams qualify from six separate continental competitions. The slot allocation was approved by the FIFA Council on 10 June 2018. Lima, Piura, Tacna and Trujillo were appointed by the Peruvian Football Federation to host the tournament. Other two venues or more will be chosen soon, Chiclayo, Ica, Tarapoto, Moquegua and Chimbote are likely to be considered venues as well. The emblem, slogan and mascot will be unveiled in Spring 2019. The official song will be released in May 2019. The official match ball will","title":"2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup"},{"id":"6971615","text":"SKA SKVO Stadium Stadion SKA SKVO (Russian: Стадион СКА-СКВО) is a multi-purpose stadium in Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground for FC SKA Rostov-on-Don. The stadium is currently being refurbished and holds 11,000 people; when the reconstruction is complete capacity will be 25,000. the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) has approved thatSKA SKVO is in a list of 36 training grounds for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The construction of the sports complex was started in the mid-sixties on the initiative of the Commander of the Troops of the","title":"SKA SKVO Stadium"},{"id":"15301260","text":"Kaliningrad Stadium Kaliningrad Stadium (, \"Stadion Kaliningrad\"), also called Arena Baltika, is a football stadium on Oktyabrsky Island, Kaliningrad, Russia, which hosted four games of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It will also host FC Baltika Kaliningrad of the Russian Football National League, replacing Baltika Stadium. This is a two-tier stadium, equipped with ultramodern security systems and CCTV. Its project is based on the concept of the Allianz Arena, which hosted matches of the 2006 World Cup in Germany. The project cost is planned around 11 billion rubles but ended up costing much more than that. The first match was","title":"Kaliningrad Stadium"},{"id":"760427","text":"and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Yekaterinburg is situated on the border of Europe and Asia, east of Moscow and west of Irkutsk. A misconception many people believe about Yekaterinburg is that it is located in Siberia, which it is not. The city has a total area of . Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains, also known as the Urals. The city is","title":"Yekaterinburg"},{"id":"446669","text":"of the FIFA World Cup in 2018. A new modern stadium, Volgograd Arena, was built for this occasion on the bank of the Volga River to serve as the venue. The stadium has a seating capacity for 45,000 people, including a press box, a VIP box and seats for people with limited mobility. Volgograd is twinned with: Volgograd Volgograd (), formerly Tsaritsyn (), 1589–1925, and Stalingrad (), 1925–1961, is an important industrial city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It lies on the western bank of the Volga River. The Battle of Stalingrad in World War II was","title":"Volgograd"},{"id":"13618229","text":"the list was further trimmed down to 32 stadiums in 27 cities. On January 12, 2010 the USA Bid Committee narrowed the 27 cities down to 18 as the official host cities for the United States' Bid for the 2018 or 2022 World Cup. Those 18 cities were: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Diego, Seattle, Tampa and Washington, D.C. The 18 stadiums selected host NFL or NCAA American football games, with a capacity over 65,000 spectators. No soccer-specific stadium was selected, since none in the country","title":"United States 2022 FIFA World Cup bid"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"10915537\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915586\",\n \"text\": \"program in network history). 2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup. It was also the first World Cup to use the video\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"341505\",\n \"text\": \"from a state-sponsored cover-up, with no indication that the program has ceased since then. Russia was the host nation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were held from June 14 to July 15, 2018 in the stadiums of 11 various Russian cities, namely, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Saransk, Sochi, Volgograd and Yekaterinburg. This was the first football World Cup ever held in Eastern Europe, and the first held in Europe since 2006. Russia will also host games of the Euro 2020. There are seven public holidays in Russia, except those always celebrated on\",\n \"title\": \"Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915555\",\n \"text\": \"stadiums used during the tournament. Of the twelve venues used, the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and the Saint Petersburg Stadium – the two largest stadiums in Russia – were used most, both hosting seven matches. Sochi, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara all hosted six matches, including one quarter-final match each, while the Otkrytiye Stadium in Moscow and Rostov-on-Don hosted five matches, including one round-of-16 match each. Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg and Saransk all hosted four matches, but did not host any knockout stage games. A total of twelve stadiums in eleven Russian cities were built and renovated for the FIFA World\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915553\",\n \"text\": \"Stadium over which would be constructed first. The final choice of host cities was announced on 29 September 2012. The number of cities was further reduced to 11 and number of stadiums to 12 as Krasnodar and Yaroslavl were dropped from the final list. Of the 12 stadiums used for the tournament, 3 (Luzhniki, Yekaterinburg and Sochi) have been extensively renovated and the other 9 stadiums to be used are brand new; $11.8 billion has been spent on hosting the tournament. Sepp Blatter stated in July 2014 that, given the concerns over the completion of venues in Russia, the number\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915540\",\n \"text\": \"As such, there were eventually four bids for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, two of which were joint bids: England, Russia, Netherlands/Belgium, and Portugal/Spain. The 22-member FIFA Executive Committee convened in Zürich on 2 December 2010 to vote to select the hosts of both tournaments. Russia won the right to be the 2018 host in the second round of voting. The Portugal/Spain bid came second, and that from Belgium/Netherlands third. England, which was bidding to host its second tournament, was eliminated in the first round. The voting results were as follows: The English Football Association and others raised concerns of\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915561\",\n \"text\": \"following the final draw, six kick-off times were adjusted by FIFA. Russia was placed in position A1 in the group stage and played in the opening match at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow on 14 June against Saudi Arabia, the two lowest-ranked teams of the tournament at the time of the final draw. The Luzhniki Stadium also hosted the second semi-final on 11 July and the final on 15 July. The Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg hosted the first semi-final on 10 July and the third place play-off on 14 July. The opening ceremony took place on Thursday, 14 June\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915551\",\n \"text\": \"VAR decision; the first penalty as a result of a VAR decision was awarded to France in their match against Australia on 16 June and resulted in a goal by Antoine Griezmann. A record number of penalties were awarded in the tournament, with this phenomenon being partially attributed to VAR. Overall, the new technology has been both praised and criticised by commentators. FIFA declared the implementation of VAR a success after the first week of competition. Russia proposed the following host cities: Kaliningrad, Kazan, Krasnodar, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Saransk, Sochi, Volgograd, Yaroslavl, and Yekaterinburg. Most cities\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2408537\",\n \"text\": \"Championships. The original stadium was demolished in 2013 to give a way for the construction of a new stadium. The self-supported cover was retained. The facade wall was retained as well, due to its architectural value, and was later reconnected to a new building. Construction of the new stadium was completed in 2017. The 2018 FIFA World Cup was awarded to Russia and the Luzhniki Stadium was selected by the Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid as the venue for the opening match and also the final, which was held on 15 July 2018. The stadium joins Rome's Stadio Olimpico,\",\n \"title\": \"Luzhniki Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301282\",\n \"text\": \"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium Nizhny Novgorod Stadium () is a football stadium in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It has a capacity of 44,899 spectators. The new stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Nizhny Novgorod was built in the historic area known as the Spit (Strelka), at the confluence of the two major rivers: the Volga and the Oka. It overlooks the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin standing on the opposite bank of the river. The stadium design follows the classic style and uses a palette of white, blue and azure\",\n \"title\": \"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301291\",\n \"text\": \"arena grounds will include a park, parking lots, futsal fields, and tennis courts. Nizhny Novgorod Stadium Nizhny Novgorod Stadium () is a football stadium in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It has a capacity of 44,899 spectators. The new stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Nizhny Novgorod was built in the historic area known as the Spit (Strelka), at the confluence of the two major rivers: the Volga and the Oka. It overlooks the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin standing on the opposite bank of the river. The stadium design\",\n \"title\": \"Nizhny Novgorod Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301292\",\n \"text\": \"Samara Arena Samara Arena (), also known as the Cosmos Arena, is a football stadium in Samara, Russia. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Krylia Sovetov Samara of the Russian Football National League, replacing Metallurg Stadium. It has a capacity of 44,918 spectators. Samara authorities announced their design tender in late 2012 with cost estimated at $320 million. General characteristics The stadium design was approved (re-approved) by Glavgosexpertiza of Russia on 19 July 2017. The main architectural feature of the stadium in Samara is its metal dome inspired by\",\n \"title\": \"Samara Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438109\",\n \"text\": \"Cup in 2018. In November 2009, the venues were presented. In Belgium, matches would have been played in 7 venues: Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Charleroi, Genk, Ghent and Liège. In the Netherlands, only five cities would host matches: Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Enschede, Heerenveen and Rotterdam, but both Amsterdam and Rotterdam would provide two stadiums. Eindhoven would function as the 'capital city' of the World Cup. Euro 2000 was also jointly hosted by Belgium and the Netherlands. On 31 October 2007, The Football Association officially announced its bid to host the event. On 24 April 2008 England finalised a 63-page bid to host\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7584340\",\n \"text\": \"States and Mexico, and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco. The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia. The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup hosts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915556\",\n \"text\": \"Cup. Base camps were used by the 32 national squads to stay and train before and during the World Cup tournament. On 9 February 2018, FIFA announced the base camps for each participating team. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion , it is the most expensive World Cup in history, surpassing the cost of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. The Russian government had originally earmarked a budget of around $20 billion which was later slashed to $10 billion for the preparations of the World Cup, of which half is spent on transport infrastructure. As part of\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19256734\",\n \"text\": \"city’s cultural and sporting events, festivals, exhibitions, and concerts. In the future, the stadium will host a fitness center. Sound system processing and amplification: www.mc2-audio.,co.uk Volgograd Arena The Volgograd Arena () is a football stadium in Volgograd, Russia. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rotor Volgograd. It has a capacity of 45,568 spectators. The stadium was built on site of the demolished Central Stadium, at the foot of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, near the Volga River. The previous stadium was built in 1958, on the site of a\",\n \"title\": \"Volgograd Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7584315\",\n \"text\": \"country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Congress. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament. Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup hosts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438099\",\n \"text\": \"non-European bids for the 2018 event were withdrawn, resulting in the exclusion of all European bids from consideration for the 2022 edition. By the time of the decision, bids for the 2018 World Cup included England, Russia, a joint bid from Belgium and Netherlands, and a joint bid from Portugal and Spain. Bids for the 2022 World Cup came from Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. Indonesia's bid was disqualified due to lack of governmental support, and Mexico withdrew its bid for financial reasons. On 2 December 2010, Russia and Qatar were selected as the locations for\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301303\",\n \"text\": \"explosives, and it will be serviced by 30 24-hour security posts. Samara Arena Samara Arena (), also known as the Cosmos Arena, is a football stadium in Samara, Russia. The stadium was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Krylia Sovetov Samara of the Russian Football National League, replacing Metallurg Stadium. It has a capacity of 44,918 spectators. Samara authorities announced their design tender in late 2012 with cost estimated at $320 million. General characteristics The stadium design was approved (re-approved) by Glavgosexpertiza of Russia on 19 July 2017. The main architectural feature\",\n \"title\": \"Samara Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14582363\",\n \"text\": \"bid committee also includes RFU CEO Alexey Sorokin and Alexander Djordjadze as the Director of Bid Planning and Operations. In October 2010, Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On December 2, 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal, which divides them into 6 different clusters: one in the north, centered on St. Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a southern cluster, centered on Sochi, and the Volga River cluster. Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains\",\n \"title\": \"Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2113016\",\n \"text\": \"first broadcast in 1974. Radio transmission began in Rostov-on-Don on October 17, 1975. In 2009, there were fourteen FM radio stations in Rostov-on-Don. Rostov-on-Don is one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A huge development is planned on the left bank of the Don River, which includes a soccer stadium to host the games during the championship. In 2018, Rostov-on-Don was one of the Russian cities to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Rostov Arena with a capacity of 45,000 spectators was built on the left bank of the Don River, left of the exit from\",\n \"title\": \"Rostov-on-Don\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20193129\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup squads The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament held in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. A provisional list of 35 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 14 May 2018, one month prior to the opening match of the tournament. From the preliminary squad, the final list of 23 players per national team was submitted\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup squads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19256729\",\n \"text\": \"Volgograd Arena The Volgograd Arena () is a football stadium in Volgograd, Russia. The stadium is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rotor Volgograd. It has a capacity of 45,568 spectators. The stadium was built on site of the demolished Central Stadium, at the foot of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, near the Volga River. The previous stadium was built in 1958, on the site of a former oil depot. This area was undeveloped, occupied by randomly distributed low-value buildings, warehouses, barracks and ravines. During construction of the stadium, 300 unexploded bombs\",\n \"title\": \"Volgograd Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20761851\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on Thursday, 14 June 2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia at 3:30 (BST), about a half hour before the opening match which Russia won 5–0 over Saudi Arabia. Former Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo walked out with a child wearing a Russia 2018 shirt. English pop singer Robbie Williams then took centre stage with a rendition of \\\"Let Me Entertain You\\\" before Russian soprano Aida Garifullina was carried out on to the pitch on the back of a \\\"firebird\\\" float. Williams\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915552\",\n \"text\": \"are in European Russia, while Sochi and Yekaterinburg are very close to the Europe-Asia border, to reduce travel time for the teams in the huge country. The bid evaluation report stated: \\\"The Russian bid proposes 13 host cities and 16 stadiums, thus exceeding FIFA's minimum requirement. Three of the 16 stadiums would be renovated, and 13 would be newly constructed.\\\" In October 2011, Russia decreased the number of stadiums from 16 to 14. Construction of the proposed Podolsk stadium in the Moscow region was cancelled by the regional government, and also in the capital, Otkrytiye Arena was competing with Dynamo\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7584336\",\n \"text\": \"banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees. Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup hosts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438140\",\n \"text\": \"FIFA's headquarters in Zurich. Russia was chosen to host the 2018 World Cup, and Qatar was chosen to host the 2022 World Cup. This made Russia the first Eastern European country to host the World Cup, while Qatar would be the first Middle Eastern country to host the World Cup. Blatter noted that the committee had decided to \\\"go to new lands\\\" and reflected a desire to \\\"develop football\\\" by bringing it to more countries. In each round a majority of twelve votes was needed. If no bid received 12 votes in a round, the bid with the fewest votes\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15358515\",\n \"text\": \"years old. Some of them worked as volunteers during the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. It was the first experience with such a large-scale volunteer program in the contemporary Russia. For the first time in its history, Russia will host the FIFA World Cup from 14 June till 15 July 2018. Moreover, it will be the first time the World Cup games will be played both in Europe and Asia. The games will be hosted by 12 stadiums in 11 Russian cities. The volunteer program of the 2018 FIFA World Cup has engaged thousands of people from Russia and other countries\",\n \"title\": \"Volunteering\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441570\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 15 July 2018 to determine the winners of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It was the final of the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was contested by France and Croatia, and held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. Before 2018, France's only World Cup victory was in 1998 – though they had also reached the final in 2006 – while Croatia were playing in\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"145471\",\n \"text\": \"who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament.\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301334\",\n \"text\": \"Rostov Arena Rostov Arena () is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectators. In June 2013, during the groundbreaking for the stadium, five shells from WWII were found, almost perfectly preserved. In August 2013, work began on the sandy alluvium foundation for the stadium. Work on the foundation was completed in May 2014. Construction commenced on the stadium substructure in October 2015. In December the construction site\",\n \"title\": \"Rostov Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915538\",\n \"text\": \"The finals involved 32 teams, of which 31 came through qualifying competitions, while the host nation qualified automatically. Of the 32 teams, 20 had also appeared in the previous tournament in 2014, while both Iceland and Panama made their first appearances at a FIFA World Cup. A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues across 11 cities. The final took place on 15 July at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between France and Croatia. France won the match 4–2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth consecutive title won by a European team. The bidding\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301338\",\n \"text\": \"sporting and cultural events. Rostov Arena Rostov Arena () is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It is one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectators. In June 2013, during the groundbreaking for the stadium, five shells from WWII were found, almost perfectly preserved. In August 2013, work began on the sandy alluvium foundation for the stadium. Work on the foundation was completed in May 2014. Construction commenced on the stadium substructure in October 2015. In\",\n \"title\": \"Rostov Arena\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915562\",\n \"text\": \"2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, preceding the opening match of the tournament between hosts Russia and Saudi Arabia. At the start of the ceremony, Russian president Vladimir Putin gave a speech, welcoming the countries of the world to Russia and calling football a uniting force. Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo entered the stadium with a child in a Russia shirt. Pop singer Robbie Williams then sang two of his songs solo before he and Russian soprano Aida Garifullina performed a duet. Dancers dressed in the flags of the 32 competing teams appeared carrying a sign with the name\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20761855\",\n \"text\": \"Yeah, I did, didn't I?”. Williams changing his lyrics \\\"every night\\\" is still unexplained. 2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on Thursday, 14 June 2018, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia at 3:30 (BST), about a half hour before the opening match which Russia won 5–0 over Saudi Arabia. Former Brazilian World Cup-winning striker Ronaldo walked out with a child wearing a Russia 2018 shirt. English pop singer Robbie Williams then took centre stage with a rendition of \\\"Let Me Entertain You\\\" before Russian soprano Aida Garifullina was\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441576\",\n \"text\": \"was reduced to 78,011 for the World Cup. This also makes the stadium the largest in Eastern Europe, and among the largest in Europe. To prepare for the World Cup, the stadium was closed for extensive renovations in August 2013. The spectator stands were moved closer to the pitch, which was converted from artificial turf to natural grass, after the removal of the athletic track. The historic facade of the stadium was preserved due to its architectural value, while the roof was upgraded using a new polycarbonate skin with exterior lighting. The Luzhniki did not host any matches at the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438116\",\n \"text\": \"bid: Spain would lead a twelve-stadium project with eight of the venues, and the opening and final games would be held in Lisbon and Madrid, respectively. Spain has previously hosted the 1982 World Cup, while Portugal organised the Euro 2004. Russia announced its intent to bid in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time. Russia's President Vladimir Putin took a keen interest in the bid and ordered Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sports, to \\\"prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup\\\". According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko, who also served\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915539\",\n \"text\": \"procedure to host the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup tournaments began in January 2009, and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest. Initially, nine countries placed bids for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, but Mexico later withdrew from proceedings, and Indonesia's bid was rejected by FIFA in February 2010 after the Indonesian government failed to submit a letter to support the bid. During the bidding process, the three remaining non-UEFA nations (Australia, Japan, and the United States) gradually withdrew from the 2018 bids, and the UEFA nations were thus ruled out of the 2022 bid.\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11491876\",\n \"text\": \"English Lacrosse, withdrew from hosting duties in May 2017, citing what it saw as an unacceptably high level of financial risk. The event ultimately took place in Netanya, Israel between 12 and 21 July 2018. It was announced on 2 December 2010 that England's bid was unsuccessful and the 2018 FIFA World Cup would be held in Russia. Failed due to unsuccessful bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. In December 2006, the Football Association of Wales announced it was tentatively considering the possibility of jointly hosting the tournament with the Scottish Football Association. Scotland, along with the Republic\",\n \"title\": \"Major sports event hosting in Britain during the 2010s\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17724716\",\n \"text\": \"Bielsko-Biała, Bydgoszcz, Gdynia, Łódź, Lublin and Tychy six cities to host the competition. Lubin (not to confuse with Lublin) ended up withdrawn from the list due to hotel capacity troubles. Łódź will host the opening and final at the Stadion Widzewa. Bielsko-Biała will replace Lubin as host city. The emblem was unveiled on 14 December 2018. The emblem features a crocus, a flower that blooms every spring in Poland combined with the colors of the Polish flag, symbolising the new faces that will emerge to shape the tournament's trophy. The slogan, official song, match ball and mascot to be unveiled\",\n \"title\": \"2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13418830\",\n \"text\": \"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup The 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was the 10th FIFA Confederations Cup, a quadrennial international men's football tournament organised by FIFA. It was held in Russia, from 17 June to 2 July 2017, as a prelude to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time\",\n \"title\": \"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915543\",\n \"text\": \"entered the competition. Places in the tournament were allocated to continental confederations, with the allocation unchanged from the 2014 World Cup. The first qualification game, between Timor-Leste and Mongolia, began in Dili on 12 March 2015 as part of the AFC's qualification, and the main qualifying draw took place at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, on 25 July 2015. Of the 32 nations qualified to play at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, 20 countries competed at the previous tournament in 2014. Both Iceland and Panama qualified for the first time, with the former becoming the smallest country in\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19433066\",\n \"text\": \"the event before, the tournament will be heading to a new location, later shortlisted to four. The Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, the Netherlands, and the United States expressed interest, but eventually did not bid. The host were originally to be appointed by December 2016, then delayed to December 2017. Costa Rica, Croatia, Kazakhstan, and the United Arab Emirates were later eliminated from contention. The hosts were selected by the FIFA Council on 26 October 2018 in Kigali, Rwanda from the final four candidates: Iran, Japan, Lithuania, and New Zealand. Lithuania were chosen over Iran, Japan and New Zealand as host\",\n \"title\": \"2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915576\",\n \"text\": \"Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that \\\"should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled\\\". Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong-joon in which a vote-trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed. In response to the March 2018 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, British Prime Minister Theresa May announced\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915544\",\n \"text\": \"terms of population to reach the World Cup. Other teams returning after absences of at least three tournaments include: Egypt, returning to the finals after their last appearance in 1990; Morocco, who last competed in 1998; Peru, returning after 1982; and Senegal, competing for the second time after reaching the quarter-finals in 2002. It is the first time three Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland and Sweden) and four Arab nations (Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia) have qualified for the World Cup. Notable countries that failed to qualify include four-time champions Italy (for the first time since 1958), three-time runners-up and\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915545\",\n \"text\": \"third placed in 2014 the Netherlands (for the first time since 2002), and four reigning continental champions: 2017 Africa Cup of Nations winners Cameroon, two-time Copa América champions and 2017 Confederations Cup runners-up Chile, 2016 OFC Nations Cup winners New Zealand, and 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup champions United States (for the first time since 1986). The other notable qualifying streaks broken were for Ghana and Ivory Coast, who had both made the previous three tournaments. \\\"Note: Numbers in parentheses indicate positions in the FIFA World Rankings at the time of the tournament.\\\" The draw was held on 1 December 2017\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915580\",\n \"text\": \"three billion viewers on TV all around the world and 7 million fans visited the fan fests. FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 2018 FIFA World Cup to various local broadcasters. After having trailed the technology in limited matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 FIFA World Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro), the 2018 World Cup was the first World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K ultra high definition. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20097548\",\n \"text\": \"from the quarterfinals onward. On June 13, 2018, at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia, the United bid was selected by 134 votes to Morocco's 65, while Iran voted for neither. Upon this selection, Canada will become the fifth country to host both the men's and women's World Cup, joining Sweden, the United States, Germany, and France. Mexico will become the first country to host three men's World Cups, and the United States will become the first country to host both the men's and women's World Cup twice each. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted\",\n \"title\": \"United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915557\",\n \"text\": \"the program for preparation to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, a federal sub-program \\\"Construction and Renovation of Transport Infrastructure\\\" was implemented with a total budget of 352.5 billion rubles, with 170.3 billion coming from the federal budget, 35.1 billion from regional budgets, and 147.1 billion from investors. The biggest item of federal spending was the aviation infrastructure (117.8 billion rubles). Construction of new hotels was a crucial area of infrastructure development in the World Cup host cities. Costs continued to balloon as preparations were underway. Platov International Airport in Rostov-on-Don was upgraded with automated air traffic control systems, modern surveillance,\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915546\",\n \"text\": \"at 18:00 MSK at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow. The 32 teams were drawn into 8 groups of 4, by selecting one team from each of the 4 ranked pots. For the draw, the teams were allocated to four pots based on the FIFA World Rankings of October 2017. Pot 1 contained the hosts Russia (who were automatically assigned to position A1) and the best seven teams, pot 2 contained the next best eight teams, and so on for pots 3 and 4. This was different from previous draws, when only pot 1 was based on FIFA rankings while\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441572\",\n \"text\": \"also became the second team in the 32-team World Cup to win all their knockout matches without any extra time or penalty shoot-out after Brazil in 2002. As winners, France qualified for the 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup. The final was played at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, located in the Khamovniki District of the Central Administrative Okrug. An expanded version of the stadium was named as the provisional final venue in Russia's World Cup bid, which was selected by FIFA on 2 December 2010. Luzhniki Stadium was confirmed as the final venue on 14 December 2012, following a meeting of\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2656257\",\n \"text\": \"Saransk Saransk (; ; ) is the capital city of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic centre. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about east of Moscow. Saransk was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The Russian fortress Atemar, founded in 1641, took its name from a nearby Mordvin village; at the time the fortress stood on the southeastern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. The current name, \\\"Saransk\\\", refers to the city's situation on the Saranka river. Soon\",\n \"title\": \"Saransk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915554\",\n \"text\": \"of venues for the tournament may be reduced from 12 to 10. He also said, \\\"We are not going to be in a situation, as is the case of one, two or even three stadiums in South Africa, where it is a problem of what you do with these stadiums\\\". In October 2014, on their first official visit to Russia, FIFA's inspection committee and its head Chris Unger visited St Petersburg, Sochi, Kazan and both Moscow venues. They were satisfied with the progress. On 8 October 2015, FIFA and the Local Organising Committee agreed on the official names of the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"145472\",\n \"text\": \"The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018. This is partly to avoid a similar scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder. The 2026 FIFA World Cup was chosen to be held in the United States, Canada and Mexico, marking the first\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15120739\",\n \"text\": \"Central Stadium (Yekaterinburg) The Central Stadium of Yekaterinburg, also known as Ekaterinburg Arena, is a multi-purpose stadium in the city of Yekaterinburg in Russia. It is the home ground of Russian Premier League football club FC Ural Yekaterinburg. The capacity of the stadium is just over 35,000, and will be reduced to 23,000 after the World Cup. It is one of 12 venues in 11 host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The stadium is the eastern-most among the 2018 World Cup venues, being the only venue that stands in Asian Russia. Central Stadium was built in\",\n \"title\": \"Central Stadium (Yekaterinburg)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"760497\",\n \"text\": \"the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Yekaterinburg is one of the 11 Russian cities that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played on the upgraded Central Stadium. For the World Cup 2018, from 7 October 2015 to 29 December 2017, the Central Stadium was upgraded to bring it into compliance with FIFA requirements for the World Cup. The architectural concept of the new stadium is built on a combination of historical walls and the built-in core of the modern arena. During the reconstruction of the sports facility, which is a monument of history and culture, the facades are\",\n \"title\": \"Yekaterinburg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9340233\",\n \"text\": \"be used mostly for football matches and will host the home matches of FC Spartak Moscow. The stadium was designed with a capacity of 35,000 people, but later this was changed to a 42,000 people. The new stadium was included in Russia's bid for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, possibly hosting the opening game, as the Luzhniki Stadium is to host the final. Tushino Airfield Tushino airfield () is a former general aviation airfield located in Tushino, northwest Moscow, Russia. During the Cold War, this was the site of military exercises showcasing the latest in Soviet innovation. These exercises were\",\n \"title\": \"Tushino Airfield\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915559\",\n \"text\": \"Kazan and Sochi. On 27 March, the Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector of Russia reported that all communications within its area of responsibility have been commissioned. The last facility commissioned was a waste treatment station in Volgograd. In Yekaterinburg, where four matches are hosted, hosting costs increased to over 7.4 billion rubles, over-running the 5.6 billion rubles originally allocated from the state and regional budget. Volunteer applications to the Russia 2018 Local Organising Committee opened on 1 June 2016. The 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Volunteer Program received about 177,000 applications, and engaged a total of 35,000\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18520733\",\n \"text\": \"the February and August fixtures from the FIFA calendar, the 'Hex' for the first time was not contained within a single calendar year, but instead began in November 2016 and concluded in October 2017. The draw for the fifth round (to decide the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016, 10:00 EDT (), at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States. The draw for the inter-confederation play-offs was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg. The fourth-placed team from\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"251989\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup, and in Moscow, the Luzhniki Stadium will have an increased capacity, by almost 10,000 new seats, in addition to a further two stadiums that will be built: the Dynamo Stadium, and the Spartak Stadium. Together these will have a capacity of at least 40,000 seats. Two of Moscow's stadiums will serve as venues for the FIFA World Cup games: the Luzhniki Stadium and the Otkritie Arena. Luzhniki Stadium is the largest stadium in the country. It has a capacity of up to 81,000 spectators. The stadium has 102 VIP boxes, 2000 seats for media representatives and\",\n \"title\": \"Moscow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15120971\",\n \"text\": \"first legs were played on 10 and 11 November 2017, and the second legs were played on 15 November 2017. The matchups were decided at the preliminary draw which was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438112\",\n \"text\": \"that all games would be played at English grounds. The venues selected on 16 December 2009 to form the bid were: London (three stadiums), Manchester (two stadiums), Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Milton Keynes, Newcastle, Nottingham, Plymouth, Sheffield and Sunderland. FIFA officials also expressed interest in an English bid. David Will, a vice-president of FIFA, noted England's World Cup proposal as early as May 2004. Franz Beckenbauer, leader of Germany's successful bid for the 2006 World Cup and a member of FIFA's Executive Committee, twice publicly backed an English bid to host the World Cup, in January and July 2007. FIFA\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20555717\",\n \"text\": \"Strelka (Nizhny Novgorod Metro) Strelka () is a station of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro which was opened on 12 June 2018. It is the northern terminus of the Sormovsko–Meshcherskaya line. The station is located near Nizhny Novgorod Stadium, one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The name, which means “spit” (of land) in Russian, refers to the Spit of Nizhny Novgorod at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers. Although plans for a northern extension of the line have existed for some time, there had been little progress. Construction toward Yarmarka Station started in 1993, but\",\n \"title\": \"Strelka (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6859454\",\n \"text\": \"Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS), the first in\",\n \"title\": \"Khalifa International Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1915346\",\n \"text\": \"Plan, aims to increase airport’s capacity to 80 million passengers a year by 2026. Sheremetyevo International Airport was the official airport of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. During the tournament, the airport observed a 16% increase in landing operations and an 11% increase in passenger traffic. In late 2018, Rossiya Airlines announced the transfer of its flights from Vnukovo Airport to Sheremetyevo International Airport starting October 28, 2018. Rossiya Airlines is owned by Aeroflot. Sheremetyevo International Airport has four operating passenger terminals and one special terminal reserved for the use of private and business aviation. The airport's terminals are divided\",\n \"title\": \"Sheremetyevo International Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915560\",\n \"text\": \"volunteers. They received training at 15 Volunteer Centres of the Local Organising Committee based in 15 universities, and in Volunteer Centres in the host cities. Preference, especially in the key areas, was given to those with knowledge of foreign languages and volunteering experience, but not necessarily to Russian nationals. Free public transport services were offered for ticketholders during the World Cup, including additional trains linking between host cities, as well as services such as bus service within them. The full schedule was announced by FIFA on 24 July 2015 (without kick-off times, which were confirmed later). On 1 December 2017,\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18894375\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs) For the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, there were two scheduled inter-confederation play-offs to determine the final two qualification spots to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were originally scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017, and later confirmed to take place between 10–15 November. The draw for the inter-confederation play-offs was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg. The four teams from the four confederations (AFC, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, and OFC)\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"145438\",\n \"text\": \"Chile, England, Argentina, Spain, the United States, Japan and South Korea (jointly), South Africa and Russia have each hosted once. Qatar are planned as hosts of the 2022 finals, and 2026 will be jointly hosted by Canada, the United States and Mexico, which will give Mexico the distinction of being the first country to have hosted games in three finals. The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England, which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the inaugural British Home Championship, took place in 1884. As football\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15120967\",\n \"text\": \"the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016 at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States. The qualification structure was the same as the previous five editions. The ten teams played in a league of home-and-away round-robin matches. The top four teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Oceania Football Confederation qualifying competition. Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were decided by a draw held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. The\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"801815\",\n \"text\": \"the Super League in the 2013/14 season. Samara is one of eleven cities hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup with 6 matches (4 Group Stage matches, 1 Round of 16 match, 1 Quarter-Final) which will take place in the newly built Cosmos Arena stadium. The stadium's seating capacity is 45,000. During the World Cup, the city hosted the FIFA Fan Fest on the Kuibysheva Square. Up to 20,000 fans were be able to participate in the event at a time. Three new training fields have been built in the city for the FIFA World Cup. Two major roads have been\",\n \"title\": \"Samara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14241893\",\n \"text\": \"been built, exceeding FIFA's 40,000 capacity requirement. The bid was unsuccessful, Russia was selected as the host of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Trent Bridge cricket ground, located across the river in West Bridgford, Rushcliffe, is the home of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, who were winners of the 2005 County Championship and runners-up in the 2006 Twenty20 cup competition. Trent Bridge is a major venue for international Test matches, and also hosts other important cricketing events such as the Twenty20 cup finals and regular One Day International games. The ground, which has won architectural awards for the design of some\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Nottingham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6859457\",\n \"text\": \"in May 2017. Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS),\",\n \"title\": \"Khalifa International Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20028243\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup seeding The draw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on 1 December 2017 at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia. It determined the group in which each of the 32 qualified national teams will play in at the start of the tournament. The teams were divided into four pots of eight, with one team selected from each pot to form a group. Unlike previous editions of the World Cup, all pots were determined by each national team's October 2017 FIFA World Ranking, with Pot 1 containing the highest-ranked teams, Pot 2 containing the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup seeding\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15120957\",\n \"text\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification process was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations to decide 31 of the 32 teams which would play in the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with Russia qualifying automatically as hosts. All 210 remaining FIFA member associations were eligible to enter the qualifying process, and for the first time in World Cup history, all eligible national teams registered for the preliminary competition, but Zimbabwe and Indonesia were disqualified before playing their first matches. Bhutan, South Sudan, Gibraltar and Kosovo made their FIFA World Cup qualification debuts.\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441573\",\n \"text\": \"the now-erswthile FIFA Executive Committee held in Tokyo, Japan. The stadium also hosted six other matches, including the opening match on 14 June, three group stage matches, a round of 16 match, and the second semi-final match. The Luzhniki Stadium, previously known as the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium until 1992, originally opened in 1956 as part of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex to host the USSR Summer Spartakiade. The stadium has served as the national stadium of the country, hosting many matches for the Russia national team and its predecessor, the Soviet Union national team. In the past,\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12050005\",\n \"text\": \"for the 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 tournaments: The qualifying draw is scheduled to take place in July 2019. The first five proposed venues for the World Cup were unveiled at the beginning of March 2010. The stadiums aim to employ cooling technology capable of reducing temperatures within the stadium by up to , and the upper tiers of the stadiums will be disassembled after the World Cup and donated to countries with less developed sports infrastructure. Qatar aims to build the stadiums with the highest sustainability and environmental standards. The stadiums will be equipped with cooling systems that are\",\n \"title\": \"2022 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441575\",\n \"text\": \"Hockey World Championships, the 1973 Summer Universiade, the Friendship Games in 1984, the 1986 Goodwill Games, and the 1998 World Youth Games. In 2013, the Rugby World Cup Sevens and World Athletics Championships were held at the ground in front of sparse crowds. The stadium has also served as a venue for many concerts, including Western artists after the fall of the Soviet Union, as well as political rallies. Rated as a category 4 stadium by UEFA, the Luzhniki Stadium is the largest in Russia and at the 2018 World Cup; it usually has a maximum capacity of 81,006, but\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7079453\",\n \"text\": \"plans to expand the stadium to 29,000 seats over the course of the summer of 2012, however the economic downturn shelved these plans. As part of the combined Netherlands and Belgium bid to host the 2018 or 2022 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was one of five stadiums in the Netherlands selected by the KNVB to host games. A successful bid would have meant that the stadium capacity would have been increased to the minimum required seating of 44,000 . In the beginning of December 2010 FIFA announced that the 2018 World Cup would be awarded to Russia. Just before\",\n \"title\": \"Abe Lenstra Stadion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915584\",\n \"text\": \"alongside other sports rights owners that have also been affected to protect its interests.\\\" In the United States, the 2018 World Cup was the first men's World Cup whose English rights were held by Fox Sports, and Spanish rights held by Telemundo. The elimination of the United States in qualifying led to concerns that US interest and viewership of this World Cup would be reduced (especially among \\\"casual\\\" viewers interested in the U.S. team; its matches at the 2014 World Cup peaked at 16.5 million U.S. viewers), especially noting how much Fox paid for the rights. During a launch event\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10915542\",\n \"text\": \"the controversy, the FA refused to accept Eckert's absolving of Russia from blame, with Greg Dyke calling for a re-examination of the affair and David Bernstein calling for a boycott of the World Cup. For the first time in the history of the FIFA World Cup, all eligible nations – the 209 FIFA member associations minus automatically qualified hosts Russia – applied to enter the qualifying process. Zimbabwe and Indonesia were later disqualified before playing their first matches, while Gibraltar and Kosovo, who joined FIFA on 13 May 2016 after the qualifying draw but before European qualifying had begun, also\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18057828\",\n \"text\": \"the first round, while the other seven teams entered the second round. The schedule of the competition was as follows. The inter-confederation play-offs were scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017. The match schedule was revealed on 30 July 2015, following a draw held at OFC Headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand. The draw for the second round was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. While the results of the OFC Nations Cup knockout stage matches have no\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18520731\",\n \"text\": \"– used to draw the first four rounds of the qualifiers – was based on the FIFA World Rankings of August 2014 (shown in parentheses). The schedule of the competition was as follows. The inter-confederation play-offs were scheduled to be played between 6–14 November 2017. The draw for the first round was held on 15 January 2015, 19:40 EST (), at the W Hotel at Miami Beach, Florida, United States. The draw for the second round was held on 15 January 2015, 19:40 EST (), at the W Hotel at Miami Beach, Florida, United States. The draw for the third\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438132\",\n \"text\": \"Stadium and Daegu Stadium. Another 70,000 seat stadium is scheduled to be built in Incheon as the main stadium for the 2014 Asian Games. Other venues meet hosting requirements as they were built for the 2002 World Cup. The 12 cities selected to hold the finals were South Korea to win the bid were selected in March 2010 and were Busan, Cheonan, Daegu, Daejeon, Goyang, Gwangju, Incheon (2 venues), Jeonju, Seogwipo, Seoul (2venues), Suwon and Ulsan. U.S. Soccer first said in February 2007 that it would bid for the 2018 World Cup. On 28 January 2009, U.S. Soccer then announced\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5438098\",\n \"text\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids The bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups was the process by which the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) selected locations for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups. The process began officially in March 2009; eleven bids from thirteen countries were received, including one which was withdrawn and one that was rejected before FIFA's executive committee voted in November 2010. Two of the remaining nine bids applied only to the 2022 World Cup, while the rest were initially applications for both. Over the course of the bidding, all\",\n \"title\": \"2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2408528\",\n \"text\": \"and closing ceremonies, as well as some of the competitions, including the final of the football tournament. A UEFA Category 4 stadium, Luzhniki hosted UEFA Cup Final in 1999 and UEFA Champions League Final in 2008. The stadium also hosted such events as 1973 Summer Universiade and 2013 World Championships in Athletics. It was named the main stadium of 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted 7 matches of the tournament, including the opening match and the final. In the past its field has been used as the home ground (at various times) for football games played by CSKA Moscow, Spartak\",\n \"title\": \"Luzhniki Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7443379\",\n \"text\": \"Cup matches. The stadium was supposed to be completely reconstructed, but Yaroslavl was cut from the final host list. Shinnik Stadium The Shinnik Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Yaroslavl, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FC Shinnik Yaroslavl. The stadium holds 22,990 people. It was planned on being expanded to 45,000 people in capacity, for the FIFA World Cup 2018, which will be hosted in Russia, but the plans fell through when Yaroslavl didn't make it to the host cities list. Opened in 1957. [source not specified 2420 days] In\",\n \"title\": \"Shinnik Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18548273\",\n \"text\": \"fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs. Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were determined by draw, which was held as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Preliminary Draw on 25 July 2015, starting 18:00 MSK (), at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia. For scheduling reasons, Argentina and Brazil were automatically positioned as Teams 4 and 5 respectively to ensure that no team has to play both of them on any double matchday. The remaining eight teams were drawn into one of the remaining eight positions from Teams 1 to 10\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"145435\",\n \"text\": \"FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the \\\"\\\" (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. The current format of the competition involves a qualification phase, which currently takes place over the\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"145473\",\n \"text\": \"time a World Cup has been shared by three host nations. The 2026 tournament will be the biggest World Cup ever held, with 48 teams playing 80 matches. Sixty matches will take place in the US, including all matches from the quarter-finals onward, while Canada and Mexico will host 10 games each. Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semi-final against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the\",\n \"title\": \"FIFA World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18520734\",\n \"text\": \"CONCACAF was drawn against the fifth-placed team from Asian Football Confederation (AFC), with the CONCACAF team hosting the first leg. The following three teams from CONCACAF qualified for the final tournament. 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF) The North, Central American and Caribbean section of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Russia, for national teams which are members of the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF). 3.5 slots (3 direct slots and 1 inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament were available for\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1744869\",\n \"text\": \"to Europe for 9 December 2018 in Madrid, a neutral site, for security and travel reasons. Both sets of fans attended the match as River Plate won 3–1 after extra time (5–3 on aggregate) to lift the trophy outside of South America for the first time and flew to the UAE afterwards, arriving for the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup with sufficient time. Santiago Bernabéu Stadium The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium ( ) is a football stadium in Madrid, Spain. With a current seating capacity of 81,044, it has been the home stadium of Real Madrid since its completion in 1947.\",\n \"title\": \"Santiago Bernabéu Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441577\",\n \"text\": \"2017 FIFA Confederations Cup due to the ongoing project. The renovation project cost €341 million, and the stadium officially reopened with an international friendly between Russia and Argentina on 11 November 2017. After Uruguay and Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals, a European side was ensured to win the World Cup for a fourth consecutive tournament. The match was also the ninth all-European World Cup final, which most recently occurred in 2006 and 2010. The match was the third World Cup final for France, first appearing in the 1998 final as hosts, winning 3–0 against reigning champions Brazil. France also\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3805193\",\n \"text\": \"along with Canada Soccer Association and the United States Soccer Federation announced its joint bid to host the World Cup later awarded on June 13, 2018 with 134 votes beating out Morocco's bid by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation with 65 votes. Mexico will host 10 matches along with Canada in 3 cities while United States will host 60 matches in 10 cities including the final. The shortlist of cities will be chosen by June 2020. Mexican Football Federation The Mexican Football Federation (Femexfut or FMF, ) is the governing body of association football in Mexico. It administers the Mexico\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Football Federation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20441604\",\n \"text\": \"RDS. In the United States, Fox received between US$399,000 and $750,000 for a 30-second advertisement spot during the World Cup final; whereas in France, TF1 got up to $300,000 for a 30-second ad-spot. 2018 FIFA World Cup Final The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 15 July 2018 to determine the winners of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It was the final of the 21st FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was contested by France and Croatia, and held\",\n \"title\": \"2018 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17724710\",\n \"text\": \"qualify for the final tournament. In addition to Peru who qualifies automatically as hosts, 23 other teams qualify from six separate continental competitions. The slot allocation was approved by the FIFA Council on 10 June 2018. Lima, Piura, Tacna and Trujillo were appointed by the Peruvian Football Federation to host the tournament. Other two venues or more will be chosen soon, Chiclayo, Ica, Tarapoto, Moquegua and Chimbote are likely to be considered venues as well. The emblem, slogan and mascot will be unveiled in Spring 2019. The official song will be released in May 2019. The official match ball will\",\n \"title\": \"2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6971615\",\n \"text\": \"SKA SKVO Stadium Stadion SKA SKVO (Russian: Стадион СКА-СКВО) is a multi-purpose stadium in Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground for FC SKA Rostov-on-Don. The stadium is currently being refurbished and holds 11,000 people; when the reconstruction is complete capacity will be 25,000. the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) has approved thatSKA SKVO is in a list of 36 training grounds for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The construction of the sports complex was started in the mid-sixties on the initiative of the Commander of the Troops of the\",\n \"title\": \"SKA SKVO Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15301260\",\n \"text\": \"Kaliningrad Stadium Kaliningrad Stadium (, \\\"Stadion Kaliningrad\\\"), also called Arena Baltika, is a football stadium on Oktyabrsky Island, Kaliningrad, Russia, which hosted four games of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It will also host FC Baltika Kaliningrad of the Russian Football National League, replacing Baltika Stadium. This is a two-tier stadium, equipped with ultramodern security systems and CCTV. Its project is based on the concept of the Allianz Arena, which hosted matches of the 2006 World Cup in Germany. The project cost is planned around 11 billion rubles but ended up costing much more than that. The first match was\",\n \"title\": \"Kaliningrad Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"760427\",\n \"text\": \"and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Yekaterinburg is situated on the border of Europe and Asia, east of Moscow and west of Irkutsk. A misconception many people believe about Yekaterinburg is that it is located in Siberia, which it is not. The city has a total area of . Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains, also known as the Urals. The city is\",\n \"title\": \"Yekaterinburg\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"446669\",\n \"text\": \"of the FIFA World Cup in 2018. A new modern stadium, Volgograd Arena, was built for this occasion on the bank of the Volga River to serve as the venue. The stadium has a seating capacity for 45,000 people, including a press box, a VIP box and seats for people with limited mobility. Volgograd is twinned with: Volgograd Volgograd (), formerly Tsaritsyn (), 1589–1925, and Stalingrad (), 1925–1961, is an important industrial city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It lies on the western bank of the Volga River. The Battle of Stalingrad in World War II was\",\n \"title\": \"Volgograd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13618229\",\n \"text\": \"the list was further trimmed down to 32 stadiums in 27 cities. On January 12, 2010 the USA Bid Committee narrowed the 27 cities down to 18 as the official host cities for the United States' Bid for the 2018 or 2022 World Cup. Those 18 cities were: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville, New York City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Diego, Seattle, Tampa and Washington, D.C. The 18 stadiums selected host NFL or NCAA American football games, with a capacity over 65,000 spectators. No soccer-specific stadium was selected, since none in the country\",\n \"title\": \"United States 2022 FIFA World Cup bid\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is going to be the world cup 2018"}}},{"rowIdx":286,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Anthony Hope"],"string":"[\n \"Anthony Hope\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"4993301","text":"Hope and the mysterious Sweeney Todd, whom Anthony has recently rescued at sea and befriended, dock in London. A beggar woman sexually solicits them, appearing to recognize Todd for a moment (\"No Place Like London\"), and Todd shoos her away. Todd relates some of his troubled past to Anthony: he was a naive barber, banished by a crooked judge who lusted after Todd's wife (\"The Barber and His Wife\"). Leaving Anthony, Todd enters a meat pie shop on Fleet Street, where the owner, the slatternly widow, Mrs. Lovett, laments the scarcity of meat and customers (\"Worst Pies in London\"). When","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"401041","text":"Napoleonic Wars as a barber surgeon. In rhyming slang, Sweeney Todd is the Flying Squad (a branch of the UK's Metropolitan Police), which inspired the television series \"The Sweeney\". Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as the villain of the Victorian penny dreadful serial \"The String of Pearls\" (1846–47). The tale became a staple of Victorian melodrama and London urban legend, and has been retold many times since, most notably in the Tony award–winning by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler. Claims that Sweeney Todd was a historical person are strongly disputed by scholars, although possible","title":"Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"8032145","text":"for Best Art Direction. Carter was herself nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Depp received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Although it was not an outstanding financial success in North America, it performed well worldwide, and produced a soundtrack album and DVD releases. In 1846, Benjamin Barker, a barber, arrives in London, accompanied by sailor Anthony Hope. Fifteen years earlier, he was falsely convicted and exiled by the corrupt Judge Turpin, who lusted after Barker's wife Lucy. Barker adopts the alias \"Sweeney Todd\" and returns to","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"8032146","text":"his old Fleet Street shop, situated above Mrs. Nellie Lovett's meat pie shop, where she sells the \"worst pies in London\". Lovett tells him that Turpin raped Lucy, who then poisoned herself with arsenic. The couple's daughter, Johanna, is now Turpin's ward. Todd vows revenge, and re-opens his barber shop after Mrs. Lovett, who loves him unrequitedly, presents him with his old straight razors. Anthony becomes enamored with Johanna, but is caught by Turpin and driven away by his henchman, Beadle Bamford. Todd denounces faux-Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli's hair tonic as a fraud and humiliates him in a public shaving","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"4993302","text":"Todd asks after her empty upstairs apartment, she reveals that its former tenant, Benjamin Barker, was transported on false charges by Judge Turpin, who, along with his servant, Beadle Bamford, then lured Barker's wife Lucy to the Judge's home and raped her (\"Poor Thing\"). Todd's reaction reveals that he is himself Benjamin Barker. Promising to keep his secret, Lovett explains that Lucy poisoned herself and that their then-infant daughter, Johanna, became a ward of the Judge. Todd swears revenge on the Judge and Beadle, and Mrs. Lovett presents Todd with his old collection of sterling silver straight razors, which persuades","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"4993311","text":"Fogg, the asylum owner; Johanna grabs Anthony's pistol and murders him herself. The asylum's freed inmates pour out into the streets, prophesying the end of the world, while Todd and Mrs. Lovett hunt for Toby and the Beggar Woman fears what has become of the Beadle (\"City on Fire/Searching\"). Anthony and Johanna (now disguised as a sailor) arrive to find Todd's shop empty. Anthony leaves to seek a coach after he and Johanna reaffirm their love (\"Ah Miss – Reprise\"). Left alone, Johanna hears the Beggar Woman enter and hides in the barbershop. The Beggar Woman seems to recognize the","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"11395770","text":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd The Tale of Sweeney Todd is a 1998 American crime-drama/horror television film directed by John Schlesinger and starring Ben Kingsley and Joanna Lumley. The teleplay by Peter Buckman was adapted from a story by Peter Shaw. It was broadcast in the United States by Showtime on April 19, 1998 and released on videotape in France the following month. It later was released as a feature film in select foreign markets. Set in 19th Century London, the story focuses on Sweeney Todd (Ben Kingsley), a murderous barber whose business provides him with two profitable sidelines, the","title":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"401033","text":"bodies by baking their flesh into meat pies and selling them to the unsuspecting customers of her pie shop. Todd's barber shop is situated at 152 Fleet Street, London, next to St. Dunstan's church, and is connected to Mrs. Lovett's pie shop in nearby Bell Yard by means of an underground passage. In most versions of the story, he and Mrs. Lovett hire an unwitting orphan boy, Tobias Ragg, to serve the pies to customers. Sweeney Todd first appeared in a story titled \"The String of Pearls: A Romance\". This penny dreadful was published in 18 weekly parts, in Edward","title":"Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"12261839","text":"south coast of England to anchor at Southampton Water. She waited there for a rendezvous on July 22 with the \"Speedwell\", which was coming from Holland with English separatist Puritans, members of the Leiden congregation who had been living in Holland to escape religious persecution in England. Both ships set sail for America around August 5, but the \"Speedwell\" sprang a leak shortly after, and the two ships were brought into Dartmouth for repairs. They made a new start after the repairs, and they were more than 200 miles (320 km) beyond Land's End at the southwestern tip of England","title":"Mayflower"},{"id":"401031","text":"Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as the villain of the Victorian penny dreadful serial \"The String of Pearls\" (1846–47). The tale became a staple of Victorian melodrama and London urban legend, and has been retold many times since, most notably in the Tony award–winning by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler. Claims that Sweeney Todd was a historical person are strongly disputed by scholars, although possible legendary prototypes exist. In the original version of the tale, Todd is a barber who dispatches his victims by pulling a lever as they sit in his barber chair.","title":"Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"4993304","text":"Elixir\"). Todd and Lovett soon arrive; Todd exposes the elixir as a sham, challenges Pirelli to a shaving competition, and easily wins (\"The Contest\"), inviting the impressed Beadle for a free shave (\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 2\"). Several days later, Judge Turpin flagellates himself in a frenzy over a growing lust for Johanna, but instead resolves to marry her himself. (\"Johanna – Mea Culpa\"). Todd awaits the Beadle's arrival with mounting impatience, but Mrs. Lovett tries to soothe him (\"Wait\"). When Anthony tells Todd of his plan to ask Johanna to elope with him, Todd, eager to","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"4993310","text":"shop's chimney. Mrs. Lovett stalls the Beadle with \"Parlor Songs\" until Todd returns to offer the Beadle his promised \"free shave\"; Mrs. Lovett loudly plays her harmonium to cover the Beadle's screams above, as Todd dispatches him. In the basement, Toby discovers human remains in a pie, just as the Beadle's fresh corpse comes tumbling through the chute. Maddened, he descends into the sewers of London. Mrs. Lovett then informs Todd that Toby has found out about their secret, and Todd decides to kill Toby. Anthony arrives at the asylum to rescue Johanna, but cannot bring himself to shoot Jonas","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"3015329","text":"sets out with a company of knights on an adventure to find his parents. Tom's ship lands on an island called Fairy Land, inhabited entirely by women. Tom sleeps with the queen, Celia, but is compelled to return to his quest. He sets out, vowing to return. Back on the ship, Lancelot tells the tale of the great love between a young girl and prince Valentine of Greece. At length the ship comes to Prester John's kingdom, where Tom defends the king against a dragon before making off with his daughter Anglitora, who subsequently gives birth to the Black Knight.","title":"Tom a Lincoln"},{"id":"11395773","text":"that spurs him to confront Mrs. Lovett, who tries to kill him but is knocked out and left to hang on a meat rack. Shortly after, she is arrested. Carlyle then makes over to the barber shop to confront Todd, who overpowers and binds him. As he prepares his instruments to torture Carlyle to death, he explains what led him to a life of murder and cannibalism. Charlie, who has managed to free himself from his shackles, stabs Todd in the back, killing him. He then frees Carlyle, who sets the building on fire before escaping with the boy. The","title":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"4993314","text":"her insane. Lovett confesses she loves Todd. Todd then feigns forgiveness, dancing manically with Lovett until pushing her into the raging fires of the oven, burning her alive. Full of despair, Todd embraces the dead Lucy. Toby, now quite mad and white-haired from shock, crawls up from the sewer babbling nursery rhymes to himself. He picks up Todd's fallen razor, and slits Todd's throat. As Anthony, Johanna and some constables break into the bakehouse, Todd falls dead and Toby drops the razor, heedless of the others, while absentmindedly turning the meat grinder (\"Final Scene\"). The citizens, soon joined by the","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"4993305","text":"reunite with his daughter, agrees to let them use his barbershop as a safehouse. As Anthony leaves, Pirelli and Tobias enter, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby downstairs for a pie. Alone with Todd, Pirelli drops his Italian accent and persona and reveals that he is Daniel O'Higgins, Benjamin Barker's former assistant, and knows Todd's true identity. When O'Higgins attempts to blackmail his former employer, however, Todd injures and hides him, later slitting his throat (\"Pirelli's Death\" and \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 3\"). Meanwhile, Johanna and Anthony plan their elopement (\"Kiss Me\"), while the Beadle recommends Todd's services","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"8800399","text":"the unsuspecting victim head-first into the basement. Mrs. Lovatt then disposes of the bodies for a share of the stolen money. She is, however, increasingly annoyed with Todd for robbing the bodies preemptively and taking more than his share of the money. The Golden Hope returns to London, with Mark a newly wealthy man. Todd lures him into his barbershop. Mark foolishly talks about his love for Johanna and shows off his new riches. Todd sends Mark down the chute but Mrs. Lovatt quickly hides him in a cupboard. When Todd comes down, he is surprised to see that the","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"4993300","text":"former general manager of the Metropolitan Opera, demanding to know why he had not put it on at the Met. To which Chapin replied: \"I would have put it on like a shot if I'd had the opportunity. There would have been screams and yells but I wouldn't have given a damn. Because it is an opera. A modern American opera.\" The citizens of London, who act as a Greek chorus throughout the play, drop a body bag into a shallow grave. Sweeney Todd rises forth (\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd\"), and introduces the drama. In 1846, young sailor Anthony","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"11395771","text":"sale of his victims' jewelry and the disposal of their bodies to his mistress Mrs. Lovett (Joanna Lumley), who uses them to prepare meat pies for her unsuspecting clientele. American Ben Carlyle (Campbell Scott) arrives in the city to track down wealthy diamond merchant Alfred Mannheim and $50,000 worth of diamonds he had sold to Carlyle's employers but failed to deliver. Mannheim's staff advises Carlyle their boss disappeared without a trace weeks earlier, and he posts notices offering a reward for information leading to his discovery. Charlie (Sean Flanagan), a mute orphan who works as an assistant to Todd, recognizes","title":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"4717876","text":"as \"childish nonsense\", which leads to an argument with her mother and brother one night (after Wendy is informed and tells Jane that she and Danny, along with the other children in London, are being evacuated to the countryside for safekeeping due to the German bombing of the city). Later while sleeping, she is mistakenly abducted by Captain Hook and his crew, who sail through the sky on their pixie-dust enchanted ship, evade an air raid alert and escape back to Neverland. There, Hook plans to feed Jane to the octopus (who replaced Tick-Tock the Crocodile) in order to lure","title":"Return to Never Land"},{"id":"11395772","text":"Mannheim as a man the barber shaved just prior to his disappearance. Realizing his dastardly deeds are in danger of being revealed, Todd imprisons the boy in his basement. Meanwhile, Carlyle is seeking the assistance of the corrupt local police and an amiable serving wench named Alice, who happens to be Todd's ward, with his quest. When his suspicions about the ingredients of Mrs. Lovett's pies are all but confirmed by a chemist, he hides himself in a burlap sack and has himself deposited in her pie shop cellar with a delivery of meat. There he makes a gruesome discovery","title":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"8800402","text":"They hurry to save her. As the barbershop burns down and a crowd gathers around, Todd watches from a nearby alleyway. When Mark go inside to save Johanna, Todd follows and attempts to slash his throat. Mark manages to knock Todd unconscious and gets out with Johanna. On the street Johanna and Mark kiss. Beside them lies Todd's bag of riches in the alleyway. Todd regains consciousness. As he attempts to escape, his special chair flips him into the fiery cellar. Returning to 1936, the barber's terrified patron runs out of the shop while still wearing his a full face","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"13919790","text":"Wendy are taken back to London once they are discovered as stowaways aboard the steam ship. Arriving at the Island, McPherson, O'Neal, Kelly, and DeWulf make a smoke signal with vegetation and a lava pit in order to signal their own ship, the \"Nimbus\", to come to the Island. Upon arriving in London, Wendy, Peter and Tinker Bell escape the police with the help of some rats (whom Tinker bell can speak to), and from there travel to Lord Asters' house where, after avoiding bobbies watching the house, meet up with John, Michael, Neville, Mrs. Bumbrake, and Lord Aster. After","title":"Peter and the Sword of Mercy"},{"id":"6606033","text":"to Professor Farnsworth after narrowly escaping another delivery with their lives, but reconsider when he announces that the Planet Express team will take a cruise on the maiden voyage of the largest space cruise ship ever built: the \"Titanic\". As they board they are stopped by Zapp Brannigan, the ship's honorary captain. Attempting to avoid Brannigan's advances, Leela claims she is engaged to Fry. Bender meets the robot Countess de la Roca. Brannigan deviates from the ship's course, opting to fly through a swarm of comets. Amy unexpectedly runs into her parents who attempt to set Amy up with a","title":"A Flight to Remember"},{"id":"14838045","text":"one episode of the predecessor). Meanwhile, Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis) tricks London into thinking that she is on vacation (which is not true), and a girl named Bailey Pickett sneaks into the bathrooms to disguise herself as a male, doing so since there are no more cabins left for women. London bribes her roommate Padma (Tiya Sircar) into leaving, so she can have the room to herself, and soon finds out she has to attend school. Cody ends up sharing a room with Woody Fink (Matthew Timmons), who is very messy, while Zack eventually is with Bailey (Debby Ryan) (currently","title":"The Suite Life Sets Sail"},{"id":"8800401","text":"they leave the same way Mark originally escaped. Todd is angry to find another victim missing and accuses Mrs. Lovatt of letting him escape. She admits to having let Mark go before. Todd readies himself to go on the run. He puts together his collection of stolen goods and begins stacking up hay and wooden furniture in the basement. Johanna comes to his door, worried that Mark has been captured and harmed. Todd knocks her unconscious, puts her in a closet, sets the building on fire and then leaves. Nan informs Mark and Pearley that Johanna went to Todd's shop.","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"4993306","text":"to the Judge, so that he can better win Johanna's affections (\"Ladies in Their Sensitivities\"). Panicked at first on learning of Pirelli's murder, Mrs. Lovett swipes his leftover coin purse and then asks Todd how he plans to dispose of the body. Suddenly, the judge enters; Todd quickly seats him and lulls him with a relaxing conversation (\"Pretty Women\"). Before Todd can kill the judge, however, Anthony re-enters and blurts his elopement plan to Todd, accidentally informing the judge, who storms out and vows never to return. Todd drives Anthony away in a fit of fury, resolving that he will","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"3249520","text":"which results in him being severely emotionally unstable. Blair leaves town with the children, but Todd follows her to Hawaii, where his plans to kidnap the children with help from Ross Rayburn (Shawn Christian) are foiled by Téa. Todd and Téa make love when they get stranded together on an island with Ross. Todd escapes to return to Blair, and protects her when the Mafia comes after her because of her exposé on them in \"The Sun.\" As Todd and Blair are about to remarry, Sam discloses that Todd, in an effort to win Blair's affections, staged a hit on","title":"Todd Manning"},{"id":"4993317","text":"during the Los Angeles engagement and broadcast on The Entertainment Channel (one of the predecessors of today's A&E) on September 12, 1982. This performance would later be repeated on Showtime and PBS (the latter as part of its \"Great Performances\" series); it was later released on home video through Turner Home Entertainment, and on DVD from Warner Home Video. A North American tour started on February 23, 1982, in Wilmington, Delaware, and ended on July 17, 1982, in Toronto, Ontario. June Havoc and Ross Petty starred. The first London production opened on July 2, 1980, at the West End's Theatre","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"8800396","text":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1936 British drama horror film produced and directed by George King, and written by Frederick Hayward, H.F. Maltby, and George Dibdin-Pitt. The film features actor Tod Slaughter in one of his most famous roles as the barber Sweeney Todd. The film starts in 1936 as a barber tells a patron the story of the infamous Sweeney Todd. Sweeney Todd (Tod Slaughter) is a barber with a shop near the docks of London. One day, as the mercantile ship The Golden","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"18179484","text":"clear whether they were for \"Duty\" or \"Loyalty\" or both. Commander Horatio Hornblower, captain of HMS \"Hotspur\", and Maria Mason are married. However, Admiral Pellew arrives and gives Hornblower his next mission: HMS \"Grasshopper\", commanded by old friend Captain Bracegirdle, has gone missing while on patrol off the coast of France. Hornblower is to find her. He gives Hornblower permission to sleep ashore with his wife on their honeymoon night. The next day, Hornblower sets sail. As a wedding gift, Pellew gives Hornblower his steward, James Doughty, who replaces Styles. On a stormy night, the \"Hotspur\" rescues the passengers of","title":"Duty (film)"},{"id":"8800400","text":"body is gone. However, he isn't worried because he already took Mark's fortune and is sure that young man is poor once again and won't be allowed to marry Johanna. Mrs. Lovatt secretly helps Mark escape. Vowing to bring Todd to justice, a disguised Mark returns to the barbershop. He sends Tobias to tell Johanna where he is. Todd fails to recognized Mark and while he gets ready to shave his new customer, Pearley sneaks into Mrs. Lovatt's cellar. Todd pulls the lever, but Mark expects the chair to flip and holds on tight. Pearley helps him down safely and","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"8032149","text":"seaside. Anthony discovers Johanna's whereabouts and, following Todd's suggestion, poses as a wigmaker's apprentice to rescue her. Todd has Toby deliver a letter to Turpin, telling him where Johanna will be brought when Anthony frees her. Toby has become wary of Todd and tells Mrs. Lovett of his suspicions, vowing to protect her. Bamford arrives at the pie shop, informing Mrs. Lovett that neighbors have been complaining of the stink from her chimney. Todd distracts him with an offer of a free grooming and murders him. Mrs. Lovett informs Todd of Toby's suspicions, and the pair search for the boy,","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"4993313","text":"finally rises, horrified, from her hiding place, surprising Todd. Todd next decides to kill her too, before Mrs. Lovett shrieks from the bakehouse below, providing a distraction for Johanna to escape. Downstairs, Mrs. Lovett is struggling with the dying Judge, who claws at her. She then attempts to drag the Beggar Woman's body into the oven, but Todd arrives and sees the lifeless face clearly for the first time: the Beggar Woman is his wife Lucy. Todd is shocked, accusing Lovett of lying to him. Lovett frantically explains that indeed, Lucy did poison herself–but she lived, though the attempt left","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"8032147","text":"contest judged by Bamford. A few days later, Pirelli arrives at Todd's shop, with his boy assistant Tobias Ragg. Pirelli identifies himself as Todd's former assistant, Davy Collins, and threatens to reveal Todd's secret unless Todd gives him half his earnings. Todd kills Collins, and hides his body in a trunk. After receiving advice from Bamford, Turpin visits Todd for grooming, intent on marrying Johanna. Todd shaves Turpin, preparing to slit his throat; they are interrupted by Anthony, who reveals his plan to elope with Johanna before noticing Turpin. An angered Turpin renounces Todd's service and leaves. Todd swears revenge","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"1712757","text":"bought provisions and obtained passage on two ships: the \"Mayflower\" and the \"Speedwell\". They had intended to leave early in 1620, but they were delayed several months due to difficulties in dealing with the Merchant Adventurers, including several changes in plans for the voyage and in financing. The congregation and the other colonists finally boarded the \"Speedwell\" in July 1620 in the Dutch port of Delfshaven. \"Speedwell\" was re-rigged with larger masts before leaving Holland and setting out to meet \"Mayflower\" in Southampton, England, around the end of July 1620. The Mayflower was purchased in London. The original captains were","title":"Plymouth Colony"},{"id":"8032152","text":"and dances with her before hurling her into the bakehouse oven, then cradles Lucy's dead body in his arms. Toby appears, enraged at Mrs. Lovett's death, and Todd allows Toby to slit his throat with his own razor. Toby leaves as Todd bleeds to death over his dead wife. Tim Burton first saw Stephen Sondheim's 1979 stage musical, \"\", as a CalArts student in London in 1980. Burton recalled his experience of seeing the show, saying, \"I was still a student, I didn't know if I would be making movies or working in a restaurant, I had no idea what","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"9161365","text":"at a country house, he falls in love with his captor's niece, Jennifer. One of his troopers, Will Fairweather, followed him to the house where he was held captive; with the help of Jennifer, Will brings him to Oberon and Titania, who offer magical aid. Rupert and Jennifer exchange magic rings that will aid them as long as they are true to each other. Rupert sets out with Will to find the books that Prospero sank, in order to aid King Charles. Rupert, fleeing Roundheads, finds refuge in a magical inn, \"The Old Phoenix\", which proves to be a nexus","title":"A Midsummer Tempest"},{"id":"20348589","text":"kiss. Henry and Ella make their way back to Hook and Regina without Alice, who has chosen to stay away for the time being. Alice had given Ella the knight chess piece to give to Hook, as she no longer needed a reminder that they'd be together once again. Later, a man wanders into their camp and is revealed to be Jack, a friend of Henry's whom he had met during his early years of traveling the realms. Henry introduces him to Ella. In the present day, Jacinda is trying to regain custody of Lucy after Victoria was taken to","title":"Pretty in Blue"},{"id":"8800397","text":"Hope readies to leave, Todd watches Johanna Oakley (Eve Lister) and Mark Ingerstreet (Bruce Seton). They are in love, but Mark is shipping out and laments he's a poor man unable to win the approval of Johanna's father, Governor Oakley (D. J. Williams). Nearby, Johanna's servant Nan (Davina Craig) asks Mark's fellow sailor Pearley (Jerry Verno) to buy her various luxury goods while he's away. Pearley points out he hasn't the money to buy them. Simultaneously, Todd watches all his potential customers and thinks of the money he can make. Back at the barbershop, Todd has been sent a new","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"4993303","text":"Todd to take up his old profession (\"My Friends\" and \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise\"). Elsewhere, Anthony spies a beautiful girl singing at her window (\"Green Finch and Linnet Bird\"), and the beggar woman tells him that her name is Johanna. Unaware that Johanna is his friend Todd's daughter, Anthony is immediately enamored (\"Ah, Miss\") and he pledges to return for her, even after the judge and Beadle chase him away (\"Johanna\"). In the crowded London marketplace, flamboyant Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli and his simple-minded young assistant Tobias Ragg, pitch a dramatic cure-all for hair loss (\"Pirelli's Miracle","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"6186520","text":"then fighting with Jason. In the aftermath, Todd moves to London and tells Sarah he hopes she finds someone who loved her as much as he did. Todd returns three years later for Jason's stag party ahead of his wedding to Sarah. He tells Eileen he is in an open relationship with a man named Ben and has obtained his law degree and is doing temporary work. Jason informs Todd that Sarah's younger brother David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd) sent Todd's invitation after forging Jason's handwriting. Todd is hurt as he thinks he has finally been accepted by Jason again,","title":"Todd Grimshaw"},{"id":"4993309","text":"to notify the Judge of Anthony's plot, hoping to lure the Judge back to his shop (\"The Letter\"). In the pie shop, Toby tells Mrs. Lovett of his skepticism about Todd and his own desire to protect her (\"Not While I'm Around\"). When he recognizes Pirelli's coin purse in Mrs. Lovett's hands, she distracts him by showing him the bakehouse, instructing him how to work the meat grinder and the oven, before locking him in. Upstairs, she encounters the Beadle at her harmonium. He has been asked by Lovett's neighbors to investigate the strange smoke and stench from the pie","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"16455465","text":"Bell Sownd\", and needed them to take on some of the surplus oil. On the way there, Pellham and seven other men were sent ashore to obtain venison. On finding their ship absent from their rendezvous at \"Green-harbour\" (Grønfjorden), they made their way to Bellsund, where they spent the winter huddled in one of the huts of the Company's stations there. They were discovered there on 25 May 1631 (OS) by two ships of Hull; by 28 May (OS) the London fleet had arrived. Pellham describes his encounter with Goodlad as follows: In 1634 Goodlad dealt not only with English","title":"William Goodlad"},{"id":"401038","text":"\"Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays\". A scholarly, annotated edition of the original 1846–47 serial was published in volume form in 2007 by the Oxford University Press under the title of \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\", edited by Robert Mack. The original story of Sweeney Todd quite possibly stems from an older urban legend, originally based on dubious pie-fillings. In Charles Dickens' \"Pickwick Papers\" (1836–37), the servant Sam Weller says that a pieman used cats \"for beefsteak, veal and kidney, 'cording to the demand\", and recommends that people should buy pies only \"when you know the lady as","title":"Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"2521815","text":"The Sweeney The Sweeney is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It was made by Thames Television for broadcast on the ITV network. The programme's title derives from 'Sweeney Todd', which is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Flying Squad\". It starred John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman as his partner, Detective Sergeant George Carter. Such was its popularity in the UK that it spawned two feature film spin-offs, \"Sweeney!\" and \"Sweeney 2\". The","title":"The Sweeney"},{"id":"18637831","text":"to his advantage. Elsewhere, Ellaria Sand meets with Oberyn's three bastard daughters: Obara, Nymeria, and Ellaria's daughter Tyene, collectively known as the Sand Snakes. Through a captured ship captain, they have learned that Jaime has come to Dorne, and Ellaria deduces that he intends to take Myrcella back to King's Landing. She asks them to join her in starting a war with the Lannisters, and they agree. At night, Jorah Mormont attacks a fisherman and steals his boat. He takes the captive Tyrion and sets sail. In the morning, Tyrion deduces Jorah's identity, and learns that he is being taken","title":"Sons of the Harpy"},{"id":"4953773","text":"Soon after, a ship arrives at the island, carrying unruly sailors, a proud captain, and his beautiful but spoiled daughter, Sylvia Hilliard. The party is welcomed by the young couple, and they ask to be taken back to civilization, after many years in isolation. Sylvia tries to steal Richard from Lilli and seduce him, but as tempted as he is by her strange ways, he realizes that Lilli is his heart and soul, upsetting Sylvia. Richard angrily leaves Sylvia behind in the middle of the fish pond, in plain view of the landing party. Meanwhile, Quinlan, a sailor, ogles Lilli","title":"Return to the Blue Lagoon"},{"id":"20405733","text":"tour in England with Pocahontas and Thomas. A dozen or so Powhatan, along with Mattachana accompanied them. They set sail in the spring of 1616. Here, according to the Mattaponi, Pocahontas was shown off to hide the failing colony in Virginia and gather support from the English crown to send more settlers to the New World. Pocahontas eventually realized this when she discovered that Smith was still alive and well in England. She confronted him in a rage because of his deception to her and her people. Arrangements were made to return to Virginia on a ship captained by Argall.","title":"The True Story of Pocahontas"},{"id":"19809349","text":"(a watered down Sir R who actually likes Bertie). Trying to sort things out, Bertie manages to make Blair Eggleston break off his engagement with Honoria who now wants to marry Bertie and get a theatrical Agent with a very muscular friend after him. Meanwhile Bingo marries the waitress, who turns out to be the real Rosie M. Banks, so she and Lord Bittlesham are also after Bertie who decides the best thing is to take the next ship to London. But so do all the others and, confronted by all of them on board, he and Jeeves jump ship.","title":"Honoria Glossop Turns Up"},{"id":"11395774","text":"character of Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street, originated in an 1846–47 penny dreadful entitled \"The String of Pearls\". In 1847, George Dibdin Pitt adapted the story for a stage melodrama. A directed by George King was the first screen version. Christopher Bond's 1973 stage adaptation was musicalized by Stephen Sondheim in 1979. Schlesinger's film is a dramatic departure from the previous narratives. It dispenses with all the characters except Todd and Lovett, adds the plotline involving the missing diamonds, and offers a completely different reason for Todd's murder spree. The Victorian era locales were filmed in Dublin,","title":"The Tale of Sweeney Todd"},{"id":"2276453","text":"for a short time, and met many other South Americans at a lodge held at the house of Venezuelan general Francisco de Miranda at 27 Grafton Street (now 58 Grafton Way), Bloomsbury, London (the house now has a blue plaque with Miranda's name). Then he sailed to Buenos Aires aboard the frigate \"George Canning\", along with the South Americans Alvear, Francisco José de Vera and Matías Zapiola, and the Spaniards Francisco Chilavert and Eduardo Kailitz. They arrived on 9 March 1812, to serve under the First Triumvirate. A few days after his arrival in Buenos Aires in the United Provinces","title":"José de San Martín"},{"id":"11703135","text":"her mother. In \"The String of Pearls\" Johanna Oakley is the lover of a sailor named Mark Ingestrie, who seems to have gone missing at sea. One of his shipmates, Lieutenant Thornhill, comes to London with this sad news and also brings a gift of a string of pearls for Johanna from Mark. Thornhill, himself, however, also goes missing - last seen entering Sweeney Todd's establishment. One of Thornhill's seafaring friends, Colonel Jeffery, is alerted to the disappearance of Thornhill by the latter's faithful dog, Hector, and investigates his whereabouts. He is joined by Johanna who wants to know what","title":"Johanna (character)"},{"id":"4993308","text":"into the pie shop's basement bakehouse. Casually slitting his customers' necks, Todd despairs of ever seeing Johanna, while Anthony discovers that Johanna is missing (\"Johanna–Quartet\"), locked away in a madhouse by the Judge. After a day of hard work, Mrs. Lovett envisions a seaside retirement (\"By the Sea\"), but Todd remains fixated on his revenge. Anthony arrives to beg Todd for help to free Johanna, and Todd, revitalized, devises a plan to rescue her by having Anthony pose as a wigmaker intent on purchasing inmates' hair (\"Wigmaker Sequence\" and \"The Ballad... – Reprise 4\"). Todd later sends a secret letter","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"15662788","text":"a few kisses from his fiance. She later has a talk with Higgins, just like the one on the \"Nancy B.\", but this time she agrees with Higgins, admitting that getting married and having children could wait until she was older and more successful. Higgins smiles quietly, and it is obvious he knew she would say this. A few days after the ships separate, the \"Dart\" (the \"Cerberus\" 's companion ship) returns from its different duty to find and sail with it back to England. The Captain climbs aboard the \"Lorelei\" and Jacky sees that it is Joseph Jared, one","title":"The Wake of the Lorelei Lee"},{"id":"6186521","text":"and is mortified about being tricked into returning. Before he can depart, Todd and Sarah cross paths when she arrives at the house and they argue. However, Jason convinces Sarah that Todd should stay otherwise David will have won. After Sarah throws a tantrum following Jason and Todd's drunkenness at the stag party, Todd confronts her and tells her to stop being selfish. They argue but work things out and promise to lay the past to rest. Todd attends the wedding and returns to London soon after. Todd later visits the street with his new boyfriend Jools and introduces him","title":"Todd Grimshaw"},{"id":"14305142","text":"announced that they won the battle. Tommen is present at Joffrey and Margaery's wedding. He also attended Joffrey's funeral during which Tywin proceeds to tell Tommen about the duties of a king's marriage, ignoring Cersei's angry glares. Margaery later visits Tommen one night where he reveals his pet cat Ser Pounce, and the fact that he and Joffrey didn't get along. This causes him and Margaery to bond over their mutual relief that they are free of him. Tommen agrees that he'd like Margaery to visit him again. Margaery departs, but not before giving him a kiss on the forehead.","title":"Tommen Baratheon"},{"id":"12229168","text":"bring Starr and Jack safely back to Llanview. Todd and Téa, meanwhile, are shipwrecked on a deserted island due to Todd's plan to kidnap his children having gone awry. They are not alone. Ross Rayburn, a man Todd had hired to help him with the kidnapping, is also stuck on the island with them, resulting in a love triangle as he and Todd vy for Téa's affections. Todd spies Téa kissing Ross and decides to leave the island alone. As he prepares for his voyage, Téa shows up and tells Todd she is in love with him and \"it\" has","title":"Téa Delgado"},{"id":"8032157","text":"relationship between Todd, Mrs. Lovett, and Toby. DreamWorks announced Burton's appointment in August 2006, and Johnny Depp was cast as Todd. Christopher Lee, Peter Bowles, Anthony Head, and five other actors were set to play the ghost narrators, but their roles were cut (Head does appear in an uncredited cameo as a gentleman who congratulates Depp after the shaving contest). According to Lee, these deletions were due to time constraints caused by a break in filming during March 2007, while Depp's daughter recovered from an illness. Burton's domestic partner Helena Bonham Carter was cast in October 2006, as well as","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"612812","text":"of a space slug, they finally share a kiss. With his ship needing repairs, Han seeks out his old friend Lando Calrissian in Cloud City, the floating city over Bespin. Though he welcomes them graciously, Lando soon turns them over to a newly arrived Darth Vader, who hopes to use them as bait to capture Luke. Leia confesses her love for Han as he is frozen in carbonite and then handed over to bounty hunter Boba Fett, who is charged with bringing him to the crime lord Jabba the Hutt. Lando helps Leia, Chewbacca and the two droids escape. Leia","title":"Princess Leia"},{"id":"6186497","text":"told Frances Traynor from the \"Daily Record\" that acting out their break-up was not strange. Todd then resumes his previous relationship with Candice. But Todd soon returns to Sarah. She decides to sleep with Todd on her sixteenth birthday. The storyline was controversial and nine viewers contacted the Independent Television Commission. The organisation investigated the scenes and cleared \"Coronation Street\" of breaching guidelines. They praised them for building a relationship between the two characters and viewed it as a mature decision. Prior to this, Langley's friends would tease him because Todd was a virgin. O'Brien told Steve Hendry from the","title":"Todd Grimshaw"},{"id":"366943","text":"increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip's sister Alys (who had supposedly been the mistress of Richard's father Henry II). In April 1191 Richard left Messina for Acre, but a storm dispersed his large fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the ship carrying his sister Joan and his new fiancée Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, along with the wrecks of several other vessels, including the","title":"Richard I of England"},{"id":"12261836","text":"ship was twice on the Thames at London in 1613, once in July and again in October and November, and in 1616 she was on the Thames carrying a cargo of wine, which suggests that the ship had recently been on a voyage to France, Spain, Portugal, the Canaries, or some other wine-producing land. Jones sailed the \"Mayflower\" cross-Channel, taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine back to London. He also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and he may have taken the \"Mayflower\" whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area or","title":"Mayflower"},{"id":"3660781","text":"Inquisition, and sentenced to life imprisonment as galley slaves. In England, Don Álvarez informs the Queen of Thorpe's fate, causing his niece to faint. The Queen and Don Álvarez exchange heated words, and she expels him from her court. On a Spanish galley, Thorpe meets an Englishman named Abbott, who was captured trying to uncover evidence of the Armada's true purpose. Through cunning, the prisoners take over the ship during the night. They board another ship in the harbor, where an emissary has stored secret incriminating plans. Thorpe and his men capture both and sail back to England with the","title":"The Sea Hawk (1940 film)"},{"id":"1554925","text":"brief episode in which respective letters of introduction are exchanged between Mason and Dixon. Episode 3 In the naval town of Portsmouth, England in 1761, Mason & Dixon meet for the first time. After brief discussions of their respective background, the two retire to an ale house for libations before their departure on the frigate Seahorse to observe the Transit of Venus from Sumatra as ordered by the Royal Society. Over the course of the evening they encounter for the first time the Learned English Dog and Fender-Belly Bodine, a soon-to-be-shipmate on board the Seahorse. Talk is made over the","title":"Mason & Dixon"},{"id":"4993352","text":"\"Sweeney Todd\", jointly produced by DreamWorks and Warner Bros., was released on December 21, 2007. Tim Burton directed from a screenplay by John Logan. It stars Johnny Depp as Todd (Depp received an Oscar nomination and a Golden Globe Award for his performance), Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Lovett, Alan Rickman as Judge Turpin, Sacha Baron Cohen as Signor Pirelli, Jamie Campbell Bower as Anthony Hope, Laura Michelle Kelly as The Beggar Woman, Jayne Wisener as Johanna, Ed Sanders as Toby, and Timothy Spall as Beadle Bamford. The film was well-received by critics and theatregoers and also won the Golden","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"7232590","text":"the storm. Homer and Marge get together, and the members of the Mayflower meet the Wampanoag tribe and join them for the first Thanksgiving feast. The Bounty sets sail from England in 1789, commanded by Captain Bligh (Seymour Skinner). During the first 718 days of the voyage, Bligh severely mistreats his crew, not giving them water and discarding their mail. Willie warns him of a mutiny if he continues, but Bligh ignores him. They arrive in Tahiti, where Homer and Marge are the rulers of island, and the crew have a wonderful time until it is time to leave. Bligh","title":"The Wettest Stories Ever Told"},{"id":"6797118","text":"secretly take the family away to Hawaii to get away from Todd. But the bodyguards are working for Todd and he follows them to Hawaii and plans to kidnap the kids. However, he runs into former love Téa Delgado there. Téa warns Blair about Todd's plans, and she is able to bring Starr and Jack safely back to Llanview. Once there, Blair decides to repay Sam for his help by getting his \"true love\", Nora, back for him by seducing Troy MacIver and making Nora break up with Troy. Blair's plan fails and Troy and Nora find out what she","title":"Todd Manning and Blair Cramer"},{"id":"8579622","text":"begins with Pippi sailing around the world with her father, Captain Efraim Longstocking, her pet horse, Horse, her pet monkey, Mr. Nilsson, and various members of the ship's crew. One night during a hurricane, the captain is washed over board into the sea. As he drifts off, he calls to Pippi that he will \"meet her in Villa Villekulla\". To that effect, Pippi and her pet animals make their way home, Villa Villekulla, to await his return. Not long after arriving, she makes friends with the two children across the street — Tommy and Annika, who are captivated by her","title":"Pippi Longstocking (1997 film)"},{"id":"18874125","text":"handsome young doctor and bachelor. Their romantic intentions go awry when Cornelia comes down with measles, and Tom agrees to use makeup to mask the spots, but she does not want to tell Avery about her infection. When the ship reaches England, Cornelia's parents, who had travelled on another cruise ship, meet the two girls. At a tour of Hampton Court Palace in London, Cornelia spots Avery and the two young people reunite, but after kissing her, Avery comes down with measles. Cornelia and Emily head off for Paris to sightsee on their own. After getting trapped on a balcony","title":"Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (film)"},{"id":"15513388","text":"Social Services. Ben performs a \"wedding\" ceremony, which he admits is not legally binding before they leave. Sam and Suzy never make it onto the crabbing boat. Suzy's parents, Captain Sharp, Social Services, and the scouts of Fort Lebanon under the command of Scout Master Ward pursue them instead. A violent hurricane and flash flood strike, and Sharp apprehends Sam and Suzy on the steeple of the church in which they first met. Lightning destroys the steeple, but Sharp saves them. During the storm, Sharp decides to become Sam's legal guardian, allowing him to stay on New Penzance Island and","title":"Moonrise Kingdom"},{"id":"17553669","text":"and is subsequently arrested. Cameron begins blackmailing Lisa, forcing her to convince Peri to visit him in prison, however Peri expresses her hatred towards her father before leaving. Overwhelmed she steals from Dirk's emporium. Months later Zack and Leela begin a relationship. One day when Peri comes back from school, Peri finds a bracelet from Zack addressed to Leela but Peri thinks it for her because it says \"sexy momma\". Tom confronts Zack obviously jealous he asks Peri to get back together with him but she rejects him. Peri is also caught up in the school explosion and Prince McQueen","title":"Peri Lomax"},{"id":"12915729","text":"has to be someone to make it right again. He asks Zarek whether he is that man. Zarek replies that he is one of them, but that he needs a partner. Gaeta states that as of now, he has one, and shakes hands with Zarek. Sharon Agathon and other crew jump to the tylium ship's coordinates, and manage to bring it back. Admiral Adama receives notification of the tylium ship's return, accepting the call while being in his quarters, in bed with Laura Roslin. She shows some interest in the news, and he asks her if she now cares. She","title":"A Disquiet Follows My Soul"},{"id":"10474154","text":"daughter Kari (who had accompanied them on their voyage) also meets him to tell him of suspicious German merchant ships at Bergen which her father suspects have troops on board. The pair say goodbye and Metcalfe, getting into what he thinks is a taxi, is kidnapped by the Germans and put on board a ship bound for the German port of Bremen. Meanwhile, Germany invades, Metcalfe is scooped on the news of the invasion, and – back in Britain – Chamberlain's government falls and Churchill becomes prime minister. A British warship intercepts the ship on which Metcalfe is held and","title":"The Day Will Dawn"},{"id":"8800403","text":"of shaving cream. Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1936 British drama horror film produced and directed by George King, and written by Frederick Hayward, H.F. Maltby, and George Dibdin-Pitt. The film features actor Tod Slaughter in one of his most famous roles as the barber Sweeney Todd. The film starts in 1936 as a barber tells a patron the story of the infamous Sweeney Todd. Sweeney Todd (Tod Slaughter) is a barber with a shop near the docks of London. One day, as the mercantile","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"8032148","text":"on the entire world, vowing to kill as many people as he can while he waits for another chance to kill Turpin. Mrs. Lovett gets the idea to bake Todd's victims into pies, and Todd rigs his barber chair to drop his victims' bodies through a trapdoor and into her bakehouse. Anthony searches for Johanna, whom Turpin has sent to an insane asylum upon discovering her plans to elope with Anthony. The barbering and pie-making businesses prosper, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby as her assistant. She tells an uninterested Todd of her plans to marry him and move to the","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"8032151","text":"recognizes Todd as Benjamin Barker, Todd stabs him several times, cuts his throat, and dumps him into the bakehouse. Johanna comes out of her hiding place, still in disguise, and Todd prepares to kill her as well, not recognizing her as his daughter. However, hearing Mrs. Lovett scream in horror in the basement when the dying Turpin grabs at her dress, Todd lets Johanna go. Todd discovers that the beggar woman was his wife Lucy, whom he believed to be dead, and that Mrs. Lovett deliberately misled him so she could have him to herself. Todd pretends to forgive her","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)"},{"id":"1502505","text":"and begins his adventures across Britain, eventually ending up in London. On the way he meets a barber, Partridge, who was banished from town because he was thought to be the father of Tom Jones. He becomes Tom's faithful companion in the hope of restoring his reputation. During their journey they end up at an inn where a lady and her maid arrive. An angry man arrives and the chambermaid points him in the direction she thinks he needs to go. He bursts in on Tom and Mrs Waters, a woman whom Tom rescued, in bed together. The man, however,","title":"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling"},{"id":"2521857","text":"the same time. In September 2018 Network confirmed on Twitter that Blu-ray releases of Series 2 to 4 had been abandoned due to 'lack of demand'. The Sweeney The Sweeney is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It was made by Thames Television for broadcast on the ITV network. The programme's title derives from 'Sweeney Todd', which is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Flying Squad\". It starred John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman","title":"The Sweeney"},{"id":"487961","text":"him to Rosina that evening. He also explains his plot to come between the lovers. Basilio leaves and Rosina arrives. Bartolo shows Rosina the letter she wrote to \"Lindoro\", and persuades her that this is evidence that Lindoro is merely a flunky of Almaviva and is toying with her at Almaviva's behest. Rosina believes him and agrees to marry him. During an instrumental interlude, the music creates a thunder storm to indicate the passage of time. The Count and Figaro climb up a ladder to the balcony and enter the room through a window. Rosina shows Almaviva the letter and","title":"The Barber of Seville"},{"id":"15662789","text":"of the men she had a relationship with on the \"Wolverine\", as since then. He tells her that he has finally met her after what seemed like forever. He technically has authority over her, as she is an escaped prisoner, and he wants her in bed. She says no politely and persists, but Jared pulls her onto the bed anyway. Just then the \"Cerberus\" pulls up, with Jaimy jumping aboard and Jacky smiles and asks Jared, \"Now who exactly is the prisoner of whom?\" The three captains discuss what to do with their illegal profits, the ships, and where to","title":"The Wake of the Lorelei Lee"},{"id":"13673830","text":"Grand Duchess of Oldenburg at the Pulteney Hotel in Piccadilly); King Frederick William III of Prussia; Prince Metternich, Chancellor of the Austrian Empire; Field Marshal Blücher, Prince Hardenberg, the Chancellor of Prussia; General Yorck; General Bülow; Count Barclay de Tolly. Boarding the Duke of Clarence's flagship the \"Impregnable\" in Boulogne on 6 June 1814, they crossed to Dover, where they were officially welcomed, with a guard of honour provided by the soldiers of the famous Light Division - the 43rd, 52nd and 95th Regiments. They arrived in London on the afternoon of 7 June. Various entertainments, parades and ceremonies were","title":"Allied sovereigns' visit to England"},{"id":"8442609","text":"to continue romancing Tracy if Draco reveals the whereabouts of Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE. Bond returns to London, and after a brief argument with M at the British Secret Service headquarters, heads for Draco's birthday party in Portugal. There, Bond and Tracy begin a whirlwind romance, and Draco directs the agent to a law firm in Bern, Switzerland. Bond investigates the office of Swiss lawyer Gumbold, and learns that Blofeld is corresponding with London College of Arms' genealogist Sir Hilary Bray, attempting to claim the title 'Comte Balthazar de Bleuchamp'. Posing as Bray, Bond goes to meet","title":"On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)"},{"id":"18741915","text":"to Rome between 22 July and 29 August 1622, Anthony van Dyck (then 23 years old) painted both their portraits. The couple then went to Warsaw in Poland, and perhaps Moscow afterwards, before visiting England in 1623 for the last time. They sailed for the Safavid Empire in 1627 on an East India Company ship with Dodmore Cotton, an envoy from the King of England to Persia and other courts. Teresa and Robert returned to Isfahan through Surat and Bandar Abbas. The couple then moved to Qazvin (the former capital of Safavid Iran) were both Teresa and Shirley were rewarded","title":"Teresa Sampsonia"},{"id":"8252457","text":"for the journey, including Aberdare, Birkenhead and Mountain Ash. \"Mimosa\" sailed from Liverpool, England on 28 May 1865 to Patagonia, South America with a group of about 153 passengers with Captain George Pepperell and a crew of 18. Thomas Greene, an Irishman from Kildare, had been appointed as ship's surgeon. They landed on 28 July 1865 and named their landing site Porth Madryn. They were met by Edwyn Cynrig Roberts and Lewis Jones who had already arrived in Patagonia in June 1865 to prepare for the arrival of the main body of settlers. Their aim was to establish a Welsh","title":"Mimosa (ship)"},{"id":"10947062","text":"7 days after \"Fiery Cross\". She coaled at Mauritius on 27 June, 22 days later, already ahead of the clippers that had left before her, and arrived in London on 22 August, 78 days after sailing - taking 77 days on passage, plus one day of coaling. She was in London 15 days before the first of the clippers. \"Taeping\", as noted above, took 99 days to get from China to London. Newspapers, particularly in Glasgow (where many steamships were built) and Liverpool commented that steam would soon take over carrying tea from China. The same news reports also commented","title":"Great Tea Race of 1866"},{"id":"6606036","text":"before fleeing the ship. Outside, Fry and Leela nearly kiss before they are interrupted by the ship breaking in half. Bender heads off to save the Countess while the rest of the crew head for the escape pods. An airlock door closes, blocking the crew's escape. Zoidberg holds it open a few inches, but the door release is on the other side. Hermes resurrects his old limbo skills to squeeze under the door. Arriving at the escape pods, they meet Amy's parents, who have found Amy a new boyfriend: \"Captain\" Kif. After waiting as long as they can for Bender,","title":"A Flight to Remember"},{"id":"1361871","text":"flying through the storm. During the confusion, the Science Officer escapes the ship via shuttle craft. Their spaceship is drawn mysteriously to the planet D'Illyria where the crew meet mad scientist Doctor Prospero, who has been marooned on the planet since his wife and science partner Gloria sent him and their daughter Miranda into space. Doctor Prospero offers to help repair the broken starship and he, his daughter, and their robot Ariel come aboard. The ship's cook, Cookie, is instantly taken by Miranda's beauty and falls in love with her, a love he thinks she returns. In fact she has","title":"Return to the Forbidden Planet"},{"id":"15892191","text":"learn English from Samuel Robbins Brown. In May 1866, with the assistance of Thomas Blake Glover, Yoshihara was one of five Satsuma samurai smuggled out of Japan on a Portuguese cargo ship to England, in violation of the national seclusion laws of the Tokugawa shogunate. Nire Kagenori was another of the five samurai in this mission. The five travelled via the Cape of Good Hope to London, where they met with the members of the first Satsuma delegation to England, which had arrived a year earlier. These included Mori Arinori, Terashima Munenori and Godai Tomoatsu. Yoshihara continued on to the","title":"Yoshihara Shigetoshi"},{"id":"8800398","text":"apprentice: the orphan Tobias Ragg (John Singer). Next door is a meat pie shop run my Mrs. Lovatt (Stella Rho). She has a large cellar that connects to Todd's. In addition to being a barber, Todd buys a share of Oakley's shipping company and hopes to marry Johanna. Using his charm, Todd lures wealthy, respectable customers from the docks into his barbershop at Fleet Street, where he sits them in a \"special\" barber's chair. Before shaving a man, he always sends Tobias to Mrs. Lovatt's for a meat pie. When Todd pulls a lever, the chair flips over and dumps","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)"},{"id":"4597012","text":"and Selmy to infiltrate Meereen and release slaves. Upon their return, Jorah refuses to beg forgiveness, insisting that Daenerys owes him forgiveness as reward for his service. Daenerys agrees but notes that she cannot do so without undermining her authority, and banishes Jorah. Jorah encounters the exiled Tyrion Lannister in a brothel in Selhorys, and abducts him, hoping to return to Daenerys' graces by presenting a Lannister captive as a gift. In Volantis they encounter the dwarf Penny, whom Tyrion takes pity on and is allowed by Jorah to accompany them. During their voyage to Meereen, their ship is disabled","title":"Jorah Mormont"},{"id":"12229200","text":"interrupting Antonio and Carlotta Vega's bilingual bickering before visiting Todd. Not long after visiting Todd, the two are shipwrecked with one of Todd's employees after coming face to face for the first time in two years on a boat Todd had planned to use in order to kidnap his children from Blair. Regarding Todd and Téa being stranded together on a deserted island, former head writer Gary Tomlin, who was new to the series at the time, explained, \"They both realize the mistakes they've made. Téa starts to see why she fell in love with him. The same thing for","title":"Téa Delgado"},{"id":"147243","text":"toward the tip of Africa, eventually rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and reached Sierra Leone by 22 July 1580. On 26 September, \"Golden Hind\" sailed into Plymouth with Drake and 59 remaining crew aboard, along with a rich cargo of spices and captured Spanish treasures. The Queen's half-share of the cargo surpassed the rest of the crown's income for that entire year. Drake was hailed as the first Englishman to circumnavigate the Earth (and the second such voyage arriving with at least one ship intact, after Elcano's in 1520). The Queen declared that all written accounts of Drake's voyages","title":"Francis Drake"},{"id":"4993307","text":"murder his future customers, since all people deserve to die: the rich to be punished for their corruption, and the poor to be relieved of their misery (\"Epiphany\"). Mrs. Lovett suggests that they use the bodies of Todd's victims in her meat pies, and Todd happily agrees (\"A Little Priest\"). Several weeks later, Mrs. Lovett's pie shop has become a successful business, and Toby is now working there as a waiter (\"God, That's Good!\"). Todd and Mrs. Lovett acquire a specially-designed mechanical barber's chair that allows Todd to kill his clients and then send their bodies directly through a chute","title":"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street"},{"id":"5814427","text":"breakup with Cody by calling Bailey young, smart and pretty, which she responds to in shock. In \"My Oh Maya\", London pretends to be Zack's ex-girlfriend to help him get a girl and pretends to be Marcus' wife to get Dante (Marcus' identity thief) off the ship. It isn't revealed whether or not she did it for free but it can be assumed that because she is maturing she did it without cost. Since then she has been displaying continuous signs of attraction towards Zack. In the last episode, it was shown she would miss Mr. Moseby, since he was","title":"London Tipton"},{"id":"4637380","text":"two minutes east. Wind, fresh to moderate; sky, fair...\" with a similar closing: \"Ship secured for the night. Signed, Philip Carney, master.\" Arriving at an exotic port of call, the captain and first mate would go ashore and immediately run into trouble with local authorities, agents of rival merchants, or desperate women in need of rescue. After some investigation and at least one good fight they would solve the problem, get back on the ship and sail away, Carney and Gallagher sharing a laugh and a drink at the wheel before the captain's closing log entry. Voyage of the Scarlet","title":"Voyage of the Scarlet Queen"},{"id":"14460092","text":"the coast of Havana. Along the way, Jacky and her mates find more than they have bargained for. Minutes after the final confrontation at the end of \"My Bonny Light Horseman\", Jacky’s schooner, the \"Nancy B. Alsop\", comes to receive Jacky from Paris. Once aboard, her butler Master John Higgins cleans her up and Jacky discusses her duty as a nightclub dancer, her position as spy for the British, and her relationship with Jean-Paul. Jacky is reunited with Jaimy, and the two decide to get married when at home in Britain. When in London, she reunites with friends and family","title":"Rapture of the Deep (novel)"},{"id":"12229162","text":"of Todd's newfound \"alters\", Todd and Téa soon marry again. At the reception, Starr unknowingly has a tape played over the country club's loud speakers where Todd is heard confessing he has been faking the DID to avoid criminal prosecution. This happens as Todd and Téa are in the process of making love. Téa is naturally furious with Todd and leaves him to face off with Sam and Viki. Todd soon after kidnaps Téa and traps her in their cabana room. She says that he was supposed to truly love her. Todd says he does love her, but he cannot","title":"Téa Delgado"},{"id":"3469162","text":"and Cat are able to work on the equipment and retrieve Blink, Morph, and Sabretooth, and new members Mystiq and Rogue are brought along. Spider-Man 2099 finds a girlfriend and stays on the world on which he landed. Longshot, once again, got lucky and landed in the Crystal Palace after the transport went wrong. Psylocke and Thunderbird travel to Earth-616 to visit Captain Britain and Nocturne during New Excalibur's victory party. During the party, Captain Britain is wounded by a strike force led by an armored lady called Rouge. While Betsy tries to care for her brother everybody else tries","title":"Exiles (Marvel Comics)"},{"id":"14254893","text":"giant creature below the ship. The Doctor induces the creature to vomit, allowing them to escape back to the ship. The Doctor and Amy meet Queen Elizabeth X, known as Liz 10, the ruler of the ship. The Winders eventually capture the group, and they are taken to the Tower of London. The Doctor discovers that \"Starship UK\" rides atop a giant Star Whale, controlled by sending painful electrical impulses to its brain via a control panel in the Tower. Liz 10 finds a message from her younger self telling her that she ordered this, and is given the option","title":"The Beast Below"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"4993301\",\n \"text\": \"Hope and the mysterious Sweeney Todd, whom Anthony has recently rescued at sea and befriended, dock in London. A beggar woman sexually solicits them, appearing to recognize Todd for a moment (\\\"No Place Like London\\\"), and Todd shoos her away. Todd relates some of his troubled past to Anthony: he was a naive barber, banished by a crooked judge who lusted after Todd's wife (\\\"The Barber and His Wife\\\"). Leaving Anthony, Todd enters a meat pie shop on Fleet Street, where the owner, the slatternly widow, Mrs. Lovett, laments the scarcity of meat and customers (\\\"Worst Pies in London\\\"). When\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"401041\",\n \"text\": \"Napoleonic Wars as a barber surgeon. In rhyming slang, Sweeney Todd is the Flying Squad (a branch of the UK's Metropolitan Police), which inspired the television series \\\"The Sweeney\\\". Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as the villain of the Victorian penny dreadful serial \\\"The String of Pearls\\\" (1846–47). The tale became a staple of Victorian melodrama and London urban legend, and has been retold many times since, most notably in the Tony award–winning by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler. Claims that Sweeney Todd was a historical person are strongly disputed by scholars, although possible\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032145\",\n \"text\": \"for Best Art Direction. Carter was herself nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Depp received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Although it was not an outstanding financial success in North America, it performed well worldwide, and produced a soundtrack album and DVD releases. In 1846, Benjamin Barker, a barber, arrives in London, accompanied by sailor Anthony Hope. Fifteen years earlier, he was falsely convicted and exiled by the corrupt Judge Turpin, who lusted after Barker's wife Lucy. Barker adopts the alias \\\"Sweeney Todd\\\" and returns to\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032146\",\n \"text\": \"his old Fleet Street shop, situated above Mrs. Nellie Lovett's meat pie shop, where she sells the \\\"worst pies in London\\\". Lovett tells him that Turpin raped Lucy, who then poisoned herself with arsenic. The couple's daughter, Johanna, is now Turpin's ward. Todd vows revenge, and re-opens his barber shop after Mrs. Lovett, who loves him unrequitedly, presents him with his old straight razors. Anthony becomes enamored with Johanna, but is caught by Turpin and driven away by his henchman, Beadle Bamford. Todd denounces faux-Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli's hair tonic as a fraud and humiliates him in a public shaving\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993302\",\n \"text\": \"Todd asks after her empty upstairs apartment, she reveals that its former tenant, Benjamin Barker, was transported on false charges by Judge Turpin, who, along with his servant, Beadle Bamford, then lured Barker's wife Lucy to the Judge's home and raped her (\\\"Poor Thing\\\"). Todd's reaction reveals that he is himself Benjamin Barker. Promising to keep his secret, Lovett explains that Lucy poisoned herself and that their then-infant daughter, Johanna, became a ward of the Judge. Todd swears revenge on the Judge and Beadle, and Mrs. Lovett presents Todd with his old collection of sterling silver straight razors, which persuades\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993311\",\n \"text\": \"Fogg, the asylum owner; Johanna grabs Anthony's pistol and murders him herself. The asylum's freed inmates pour out into the streets, prophesying the end of the world, while Todd and Mrs. Lovett hunt for Toby and the Beggar Woman fears what has become of the Beadle (\\\"City on Fire/Searching\\\"). Anthony and Johanna (now disguised as a sailor) arrive to find Todd's shop empty. Anthony leaves to seek a coach after he and Johanna reaffirm their love (\\\"Ah Miss – Reprise\\\"). Left alone, Johanna hears the Beggar Woman enter and hides in the barbershop. The Beggar Woman seems to recognize the\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395770\",\n \"text\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd The Tale of Sweeney Todd is a 1998 American crime-drama/horror television film directed by John Schlesinger and starring Ben Kingsley and Joanna Lumley. The teleplay by Peter Buckman was adapted from a story by Peter Shaw. It was broadcast in the United States by Showtime on April 19, 1998 and released on videotape in France the following month. It later was released as a feature film in select foreign markets. Set in 19th Century London, the story focuses on Sweeney Todd (Ben Kingsley), a murderous barber whose business provides him with two profitable sidelines, the\",\n \"title\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"401033\",\n \"text\": \"bodies by baking their flesh into meat pies and selling them to the unsuspecting customers of her pie shop. Todd's barber shop is situated at 152 Fleet Street, London, next to St. Dunstan's church, and is connected to Mrs. Lovett's pie shop in nearby Bell Yard by means of an underground passage. In most versions of the story, he and Mrs. Lovett hire an unwitting orphan boy, Tobias Ragg, to serve the pies to customers. Sweeney Todd first appeared in a story titled \\\"The String of Pearls: A Romance\\\". This penny dreadful was published in 18 weekly parts, in Edward\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12261839\",\n \"text\": \"south coast of England to anchor at Southampton Water. She waited there for a rendezvous on July 22 with the \\\"Speedwell\\\", which was coming from Holland with English separatist Puritans, members of the Leiden congregation who had been living in Holland to escape religious persecution in England. Both ships set sail for America around August 5, but the \\\"Speedwell\\\" sprang a leak shortly after, and the two ships were brought into Dartmouth for repairs. They made a new start after the repairs, and they were more than 200 miles (320 km) beyond Land's End at the southwestern tip of England\",\n \"title\": \"Mayflower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"401031\",\n \"text\": \"Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as the villain of the Victorian penny dreadful serial \\\"The String of Pearls\\\" (1846–47). The tale became a staple of Victorian melodrama and London urban legend, and has been retold many times since, most notably in the Tony award–winning by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler. Claims that Sweeney Todd was a historical person are strongly disputed by scholars, although possible legendary prototypes exist. In the original version of the tale, Todd is a barber who dispatches his victims by pulling a lever as they sit in his barber chair.\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993304\",\n \"text\": \"Elixir\\\"). Todd and Lovett soon arrive; Todd exposes the elixir as a sham, challenges Pirelli to a shaving competition, and easily wins (\\\"The Contest\\\"), inviting the impressed Beadle for a free shave (\\\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 2\\\"). Several days later, Judge Turpin flagellates himself in a frenzy over a growing lust for Johanna, but instead resolves to marry her himself. (\\\"Johanna – Mea Culpa\\\"). Todd awaits the Beadle's arrival with mounting impatience, but Mrs. Lovett tries to soothe him (\\\"Wait\\\"). When Anthony tells Todd of his plan to ask Johanna to elope with him, Todd, eager to\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993310\",\n \"text\": \"shop's chimney. Mrs. Lovett stalls the Beadle with \\\"Parlor Songs\\\" until Todd returns to offer the Beadle his promised \\\"free shave\\\"; Mrs. Lovett loudly plays her harmonium to cover the Beadle's screams above, as Todd dispatches him. In the basement, Toby discovers human remains in a pie, just as the Beadle's fresh corpse comes tumbling through the chute. Maddened, he descends into the sewers of London. Mrs. Lovett then informs Todd that Toby has found out about their secret, and Todd decides to kill Toby. Anthony arrives at the asylum to rescue Johanna, but cannot bring himself to shoot Jonas\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3015329\",\n \"text\": \"sets out with a company of knights on an adventure to find his parents. Tom's ship lands on an island called Fairy Land, inhabited entirely by women. Tom sleeps with the queen, Celia, but is compelled to return to his quest. He sets out, vowing to return. Back on the ship, Lancelot tells the tale of the great love between a young girl and prince Valentine of Greece. At length the ship comes to Prester John's kingdom, where Tom defends the king against a dragon before making off with his daughter Anglitora, who subsequently gives birth to the Black Knight.\",\n \"title\": \"Tom a Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395773\",\n \"text\": \"that spurs him to confront Mrs. Lovett, who tries to kill him but is knocked out and left to hang on a meat rack. Shortly after, she is arrested. Carlyle then makes over to the barber shop to confront Todd, who overpowers and binds him. As he prepares his instruments to torture Carlyle to death, he explains what led him to a life of murder and cannibalism. Charlie, who has managed to free himself from his shackles, stabs Todd in the back, killing him. He then frees Carlyle, who sets the building on fire before escaping with the boy. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993314\",\n \"text\": \"her insane. Lovett confesses she loves Todd. Todd then feigns forgiveness, dancing manically with Lovett until pushing her into the raging fires of the oven, burning her alive. Full of despair, Todd embraces the dead Lucy. Toby, now quite mad and white-haired from shock, crawls up from the sewer babbling nursery rhymes to himself. He picks up Todd's fallen razor, and slits Todd's throat. As Anthony, Johanna and some constables break into the bakehouse, Todd falls dead and Toby drops the razor, heedless of the others, while absentmindedly turning the meat grinder (\\\"Final Scene\\\"). The citizens, soon joined by the\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993305\",\n \"text\": \"reunite with his daughter, agrees to let them use his barbershop as a safehouse. As Anthony leaves, Pirelli and Tobias enter, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby downstairs for a pie. Alone with Todd, Pirelli drops his Italian accent and persona and reveals that he is Daniel O'Higgins, Benjamin Barker's former assistant, and knows Todd's true identity. When O'Higgins attempts to blackmail his former employer, however, Todd injures and hides him, later slitting his throat (\\\"Pirelli's Death\\\" and \\\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 3\\\"). Meanwhile, Johanna and Anthony plan their elopement (\\\"Kiss Me\\\"), while the Beadle recommends Todd's services\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800399\",\n \"text\": \"the unsuspecting victim head-first into the basement. Mrs. Lovatt then disposes of the bodies for a share of the stolen money. She is, however, increasingly annoyed with Todd for robbing the bodies preemptively and taking more than his share of the money. The Golden Hope returns to London, with Mark a newly wealthy man. Todd lures him into his barbershop. Mark foolishly talks about his love for Johanna and shows off his new riches. Todd sends Mark down the chute but Mrs. Lovatt quickly hides him in a cupboard. When Todd comes down, he is surprised to see that the\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993300\",\n \"text\": \"former general manager of the Metropolitan Opera, demanding to know why he had not put it on at the Met. To which Chapin replied: \\\"I would have put it on like a shot if I'd had the opportunity. There would have been screams and yells but I wouldn't have given a damn. Because it is an opera. A modern American opera.\\\" The citizens of London, who act as a Greek chorus throughout the play, drop a body bag into a shallow grave. Sweeney Todd rises forth (\\\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd\\\"), and introduces the drama. In 1846, young sailor Anthony\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395771\",\n \"text\": \"sale of his victims' jewelry and the disposal of their bodies to his mistress Mrs. Lovett (Joanna Lumley), who uses them to prepare meat pies for her unsuspecting clientele. American Ben Carlyle (Campbell Scott) arrives in the city to track down wealthy diamond merchant Alfred Mannheim and $50,000 worth of diamonds he had sold to Carlyle's employers but failed to deliver. Mannheim's staff advises Carlyle their boss disappeared without a trace weeks earlier, and he posts notices offering a reward for information leading to his discovery. Charlie (Sean Flanagan), a mute orphan who works as an assistant to Todd, recognizes\",\n \"title\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4717876\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"childish nonsense\\\", which leads to an argument with her mother and brother one night (after Wendy is informed and tells Jane that she and Danny, along with the other children in London, are being evacuated to the countryside for safekeeping due to the German bombing of the city). Later while sleeping, she is mistakenly abducted by Captain Hook and his crew, who sail through the sky on their pixie-dust enchanted ship, evade an air raid alert and escape back to Neverland. There, Hook plans to feed Jane to the octopus (who replaced Tick-Tock the Crocodile) in order to lure\",\n \"title\": \"Return to Never Land\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395772\",\n \"text\": \"Mannheim as a man the barber shaved just prior to his disappearance. Realizing his dastardly deeds are in danger of being revealed, Todd imprisons the boy in his basement. Meanwhile, Carlyle is seeking the assistance of the corrupt local police and an amiable serving wench named Alice, who happens to be Todd's ward, with his quest. When his suspicions about the ingredients of Mrs. Lovett's pies are all but confirmed by a chemist, he hides himself in a burlap sack and has himself deposited in her pie shop cellar with a delivery of meat. There he makes a gruesome discovery\",\n \"title\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800402\",\n \"text\": \"They hurry to save her. As the barbershop burns down and a crowd gathers around, Todd watches from a nearby alleyway. When Mark go inside to save Johanna, Todd follows and attempts to slash his throat. Mark manages to knock Todd unconscious and gets out with Johanna. On the street Johanna and Mark kiss. Beside them lies Todd's bag of riches in the alleyway. Todd regains consciousness. As he attempts to escape, his special chair flips him into the fiery cellar. Returning to 1936, the barber's terrified patron runs out of the shop while still wearing his a full face\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13919790\",\n \"text\": \"Wendy are taken back to London once they are discovered as stowaways aboard the steam ship. Arriving at the Island, McPherson, O'Neal, Kelly, and DeWulf make a smoke signal with vegetation and a lava pit in order to signal their own ship, the \\\"Nimbus\\\", to come to the Island. Upon arriving in London, Wendy, Peter and Tinker Bell escape the police with the help of some rats (whom Tinker bell can speak to), and from there travel to Lord Asters' house where, after avoiding bobbies watching the house, meet up with John, Michael, Neville, Mrs. Bumbrake, and Lord Aster. After\",\n \"title\": \"Peter and the Sword of Mercy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6606033\",\n \"text\": \"to Professor Farnsworth after narrowly escaping another delivery with their lives, but reconsider when he announces that the Planet Express team will take a cruise on the maiden voyage of the largest space cruise ship ever built: the \\\"Titanic\\\". As they board they are stopped by Zapp Brannigan, the ship's honorary captain. Attempting to avoid Brannigan's advances, Leela claims she is engaged to Fry. Bender meets the robot Countess de la Roca. Brannigan deviates from the ship's course, opting to fly through a swarm of comets. Amy unexpectedly runs into her parents who attempt to set Amy up with a\",\n \"title\": \"A Flight to Remember\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14838045\",\n \"text\": \"one episode of the predecessor). Meanwhile, Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis) tricks London into thinking that she is on vacation (which is not true), and a girl named Bailey Pickett sneaks into the bathrooms to disguise herself as a male, doing so since there are no more cabins left for women. London bribes her roommate Padma (Tiya Sircar) into leaving, so she can have the room to herself, and soon finds out she has to attend school. Cody ends up sharing a room with Woody Fink (Matthew Timmons), who is very messy, while Zack eventually is with Bailey (Debby Ryan) (currently\",\n \"title\": \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800401\",\n \"text\": \"they leave the same way Mark originally escaped. Todd is angry to find another victim missing and accuses Mrs. Lovatt of letting him escape. She admits to having let Mark go before. Todd readies himself to go on the run. He puts together his collection of stolen goods and begins stacking up hay and wooden furniture in the basement. Johanna comes to his door, worried that Mark has been captured and harmed. Todd knocks her unconscious, puts her in a closet, sets the building on fire and then leaves. Nan informs Mark and Pearley that Johanna went to Todd's shop.\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993306\",\n \"text\": \"to the Judge, so that he can better win Johanna's affections (\\\"Ladies in Their Sensitivities\\\"). Panicked at first on learning of Pirelli's murder, Mrs. Lovett swipes his leftover coin purse and then asks Todd how he plans to dispose of the body. Suddenly, the judge enters; Todd quickly seats him and lulls him with a relaxing conversation (\\\"Pretty Women\\\"). Before Todd can kill the judge, however, Anthony re-enters and blurts his elopement plan to Todd, accidentally informing the judge, who storms out and vows never to return. Todd drives Anthony away in a fit of fury, resolving that he will\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3249520\",\n \"text\": \"which results in him being severely emotionally unstable. Blair leaves town with the children, but Todd follows her to Hawaii, where his plans to kidnap the children with help from Ross Rayburn (Shawn Christian) are foiled by Téa. Todd and Téa make love when they get stranded together on an island with Ross. Todd escapes to return to Blair, and protects her when the Mafia comes after her because of her exposé on them in \\\"The Sun.\\\" As Todd and Blair are about to remarry, Sam discloses that Todd, in an effort to win Blair's affections, staged a hit on\",\n \"title\": \"Todd Manning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993317\",\n \"text\": \"during the Los Angeles engagement and broadcast on The Entertainment Channel (one of the predecessors of today's A&E) on September 12, 1982. This performance would later be repeated on Showtime and PBS (the latter as part of its \\\"Great Performances\\\" series); it was later released on home video through Turner Home Entertainment, and on DVD from Warner Home Video. A North American tour started on February 23, 1982, in Wilmington, Delaware, and ended on July 17, 1982, in Toronto, Ontario. June Havoc and Ross Petty starred. The first London production opened on July 2, 1980, at the West End's Theatre\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800396\",\n \"text\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1936 British drama horror film produced and directed by George King, and written by Frederick Hayward, H.F. Maltby, and George Dibdin-Pitt. The film features actor Tod Slaughter in one of his most famous roles as the barber Sweeney Todd. The film starts in 1936 as a barber tells a patron the story of the infamous Sweeney Todd. Sweeney Todd (Tod Slaughter) is a barber with a shop near the docks of London. One day, as the mercantile ship The Golden\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18179484\",\n \"text\": \"clear whether they were for \\\"Duty\\\" or \\\"Loyalty\\\" or both. Commander Horatio Hornblower, captain of HMS \\\"Hotspur\\\", and Maria Mason are married. However, Admiral Pellew arrives and gives Hornblower his next mission: HMS \\\"Grasshopper\\\", commanded by old friend Captain Bracegirdle, has gone missing while on patrol off the coast of France. Hornblower is to find her. He gives Hornblower permission to sleep ashore with his wife on their honeymoon night. The next day, Hornblower sets sail. As a wedding gift, Pellew gives Hornblower his steward, James Doughty, who replaces Styles. On a stormy night, the \\\"Hotspur\\\" rescues the passengers of\",\n \"title\": \"Duty (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800400\",\n \"text\": \"body is gone. However, he isn't worried because he already took Mark's fortune and is sure that young man is poor once again and won't be allowed to marry Johanna. Mrs. Lovatt secretly helps Mark escape. Vowing to bring Todd to justice, a disguised Mark returns to the barbershop. He sends Tobias to tell Johanna where he is. Todd fails to recognized Mark and while he gets ready to shave his new customer, Pearley sneaks into Mrs. Lovatt's cellar. Todd pulls the lever, but Mark expects the chair to flip and holds on tight. Pearley helps him down safely and\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032149\",\n \"text\": \"seaside. Anthony discovers Johanna's whereabouts and, following Todd's suggestion, poses as a wigmaker's apprentice to rescue her. Todd has Toby deliver a letter to Turpin, telling him where Johanna will be brought when Anthony frees her. Toby has become wary of Todd and tells Mrs. Lovett of his suspicions, vowing to protect her. Bamford arrives at the pie shop, informing Mrs. Lovett that neighbors have been complaining of the stink from her chimney. Todd distracts him with an offer of a free grooming and murders him. Mrs. Lovett informs Todd of Toby's suspicions, and the pair search for the boy,\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993313\",\n \"text\": \"finally rises, horrified, from her hiding place, surprising Todd. Todd next decides to kill her too, before Mrs. Lovett shrieks from the bakehouse below, providing a distraction for Johanna to escape. Downstairs, Mrs. Lovett is struggling with the dying Judge, who claws at her. She then attempts to drag the Beggar Woman's body into the oven, but Todd arrives and sees the lifeless face clearly for the first time: the Beggar Woman is his wife Lucy. Todd is shocked, accusing Lovett of lying to him. Lovett frantically explains that indeed, Lucy did poison herself–but she lived, though the attempt left\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032147\",\n \"text\": \"contest judged by Bamford. A few days later, Pirelli arrives at Todd's shop, with his boy assistant Tobias Ragg. Pirelli identifies himself as Todd's former assistant, Davy Collins, and threatens to reveal Todd's secret unless Todd gives him half his earnings. Todd kills Collins, and hides his body in a trunk. After receiving advice from Bamford, Turpin visits Todd for grooming, intent on marrying Johanna. Todd shaves Turpin, preparing to slit his throat; they are interrupted by Anthony, who reveals his plan to elope with Johanna before noticing Turpin. An angered Turpin renounces Todd's service and leaves. Todd swears revenge\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1712757\",\n \"text\": \"bought provisions and obtained passage on two ships: the \\\"Mayflower\\\" and the \\\"Speedwell\\\". They had intended to leave early in 1620, but they were delayed several months due to difficulties in dealing with the Merchant Adventurers, including several changes in plans for the voyage and in financing. The congregation and the other colonists finally boarded the \\\"Speedwell\\\" in July 1620 in the Dutch port of Delfshaven. \\\"Speedwell\\\" was re-rigged with larger masts before leaving Holland and setting out to meet \\\"Mayflower\\\" in Southampton, England, around the end of July 1620. The Mayflower was purchased in London. The original captains were\",\n \"title\": \"Plymouth Colony\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032152\",\n \"text\": \"and dances with her before hurling her into the bakehouse oven, then cradles Lucy's dead body in his arms. Toby appears, enraged at Mrs. Lovett's death, and Todd allows Toby to slit his throat with his own razor. Toby leaves as Todd bleeds to death over his dead wife. Tim Burton first saw Stephen Sondheim's 1979 stage musical, \\\"\\\", as a CalArts student in London in 1980. Burton recalled his experience of seeing the show, saying, \\\"I was still a student, I didn't know if I would be making movies or working in a restaurant, I had no idea what\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9161365\",\n \"text\": \"at a country house, he falls in love with his captor's niece, Jennifer. One of his troopers, Will Fairweather, followed him to the house where he was held captive; with the help of Jennifer, Will brings him to Oberon and Titania, who offer magical aid. Rupert and Jennifer exchange magic rings that will aid them as long as they are true to each other. Rupert sets out with Will to find the books that Prospero sank, in order to aid King Charles. Rupert, fleeing Roundheads, finds refuge in a magical inn, \\\"The Old Phoenix\\\", which proves to be a nexus\",\n \"title\": \"A Midsummer Tempest\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20348589\",\n \"text\": \"kiss. Henry and Ella make their way back to Hook and Regina without Alice, who has chosen to stay away for the time being. Alice had given Ella the knight chess piece to give to Hook, as she no longer needed a reminder that they'd be together once again. Later, a man wanders into their camp and is revealed to be Jack, a friend of Henry's whom he had met during his early years of traveling the realms. Henry introduces him to Ella. In the present day, Jacinda is trying to regain custody of Lucy after Victoria was taken to\",\n \"title\": \"Pretty in Blue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800397\",\n \"text\": \"Hope readies to leave, Todd watches Johanna Oakley (Eve Lister) and Mark Ingerstreet (Bruce Seton). They are in love, but Mark is shipping out and laments he's a poor man unable to win the approval of Johanna's father, Governor Oakley (D. J. Williams). Nearby, Johanna's servant Nan (Davina Craig) asks Mark's fellow sailor Pearley (Jerry Verno) to buy her various luxury goods while he's away. Pearley points out he hasn't the money to buy them. Simultaneously, Todd watches all his potential customers and thinks of the money he can make. Back at the barbershop, Todd has been sent a new\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993303\",\n \"text\": \"Todd to take up his old profession (\\\"My Friends\\\" and \\\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise\\\"). Elsewhere, Anthony spies a beautiful girl singing at her window (\\\"Green Finch and Linnet Bird\\\"), and the beggar woman tells him that her name is Johanna. Unaware that Johanna is his friend Todd's daughter, Anthony is immediately enamored (\\\"Ah, Miss\\\") and he pledges to return for her, even after the judge and Beadle chase him away (\\\"Johanna\\\"). In the crowded London marketplace, flamboyant Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli and his simple-minded young assistant Tobias Ragg, pitch a dramatic cure-all for hair loss (\\\"Pirelli's Miracle\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6186520\",\n \"text\": \"then fighting with Jason. In the aftermath, Todd moves to London and tells Sarah he hopes she finds someone who loved her as much as he did. Todd returns three years later for Jason's stag party ahead of his wedding to Sarah. He tells Eileen he is in an open relationship with a man named Ben and has obtained his law degree and is doing temporary work. Jason informs Todd that Sarah's younger brother David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd) sent Todd's invitation after forging Jason's handwriting. Todd is hurt as he thinks he has finally been accepted by Jason again,\",\n \"title\": \"Todd Grimshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993309\",\n \"text\": \"to notify the Judge of Anthony's plot, hoping to lure the Judge back to his shop (\\\"The Letter\\\"). In the pie shop, Toby tells Mrs. Lovett of his skepticism about Todd and his own desire to protect her (\\\"Not While I'm Around\\\"). When he recognizes Pirelli's coin purse in Mrs. Lovett's hands, she distracts him by showing him the bakehouse, instructing him how to work the meat grinder and the oven, before locking him in. Upstairs, she encounters the Beadle at her harmonium. He has been asked by Lovett's neighbors to investigate the strange smoke and stench from the pie\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16455465\",\n \"text\": \"Bell Sownd\\\", and needed them to take on some of the surplus oil. On the way there, Pellham and seven other men were sent ashore to obtain venison. On finding their ship absent from their rendezvous at \\\"Green-harbour\\\" (Grønfjorden), they made their way to Bellsund, where they spent the winter huddled in one of the huts of the Company's stations there. They were discovered there on 25 May 1631 (OS) by two ships of Hull; by 28 May (OS) the London fleet had arrived. Pellham describes his encounter with Goodlad as follows: In 1634 Goodlad dealt not only with English\",\n \"title\": \"William Goodlad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"401038\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays\\\". A scholarly, annotated edition of the original 1846–47 serial was published in volume form in 2007 by the Oxford University Press under the title of \\\"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\\\", edited by Robert Mack. The original story of Sweeney Todd quite possibly stems from an older urban legend, originally based on dubious pie-fillings. In Charles Dickens' \\\"Pickwick Papers\\\" (1836–37), the servant Sam Weller says that a pieman used cats \\\"for beefsteak, veal and kidney, 'cording to the demand\\\", and recommends that people should buy pies only \\\"when you know the lady as\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2521815\",\n \"text\": \"The Sweeney The Sweeney is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It was made by Thames Television for broadcast on the ITV network. The programme's title derives from 'Sweeney Todd', which is Cockney rhyming slang for \\\"Flying Squad\\\". It starred John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman as his partner, Detective Sergeant George Carter. Such was its popularity in the UK that it spawned two feature film spin-offs, \\\"Sweeney!\\\" and \\\"Sweeney 2\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"The Sweeney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18637831\",\n \"text\": \"to his advantage. Elsewhere, Ellaria Sand meets with Oberyn's three bastard daughters: Obara, Nymeria, and Ellaria's daughter Tyene, collectively known as the Sand Snakes. Through a captured ship captain, they have learned that Jaime has come to Dorne, and Ellaria deduces that he intends to take Myrcella back to King's Landing. She asks them to join her in starting a war with the Lannisters, and they agree. At night, Jorah Mormont attacks a fisherman and steals his boat. He takes the captive Tyrion and sets sail. In the morning, Tyrion deduces Jorah's identity, and learns that he is being taken\",\n \"title\": \"Sons of the Harpy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4953773\",\n \"text\": \"Soon after, a ship arrives at the island, carrying unruly sailors, a proud captain, and his beautiful but spoiled daughter, Sylvia Hilliard. The party is welcomed by the young couple, and they ask to be taken back to civilization, after many years in isolation. Sylvia tries to steal Richard from Lilli and seduce him, but as tempted as he is by her strange ways, he realizes that Lilli is his heart and soul, upsetting Sylvia. Richard angrily leaves Sylvia behind in the middle of the fish pond, in plain view of the landing party. Meanwhile, Quinlan, a sailor, ogles Lilli\",\n \"title\": \"Return to the Blue Lagoon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20405733\",\n \"text\": \"tour in England with Pocahontas and Thomas. A dozen or so Powhatan, along with Mattachana accompanied them. They set sail in the spring of 1616. Here, according to the Mattaponi, Pocahontas was shown off to hide the failing colony in Virginia and gather support from the English crown to send more settlers to the New World. Pocahontas eventually realized this when she discovered that Smith was still alive and well in England. She confronted him in a rage because of his deception to her and her people. Arrangements were made to return to Virginia on a ship captained by Argall.\",\n \"title\": \"The True Story of Pocahontas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19809349\",\n \"text\": \"(a watered down Sir R who actually likes Bertie). Trying to sort things out, Bertie manages to make Blair Eggleston break off his engagement with Honoria who now wants to marry Bertie and get a theatrical Agent with a very muscular friend after him. Meanwhile Bingo marries the waitress, who turns out to be the real Rosie M. Banks, so she and Lord Bittlesham are also after Bertie who decides the best thing is to take the next ship to London. But so do all the others and, confronted by all of them on board, he and Jeeves jump ship.\",\n \"title\": \"Honoria Glossop Turns Up\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11395774\",\n \"text\": \"character of Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street, originated in an 1846–47 penny dreadful entitled \\\"The String of Pearls\\\". In 1847, George Dibdin Pitt adapted the story for a stage melodrama. A directed by George King was the first screen version. Christopher Bond's 1973 stage adaptation was musicalized by Stephen Sondheim in 1979. Schlesinger's film is a dramatic departure from the previous narratives. It dispenses with all the characters except Todd and Lovett, adds the plotline involving the missing diamonds, and offers a completely different reason for Todd's murder spree. The Victorian era locales were filmed in Dublin,\",\n \"title\": \"The Tale of Sweeney Todd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2276453\",\n \"text\": \"for a short time, and met many other South Americans at a lodge held at the house of Venezuelan general Francisco de Miranda at 27 Grafton Street (now 58 Grafton Way), Bloomsbury, London (the house now has a blue plaque with Miranda's name). Then he sailed to Buenos Aires aboard the frigate \\\"George Canning\\\", along with the South Americans Alvear, Francisco José de Vera and Matías Zapiola, and the Spaniards Francisco Chilavert and Eduardo Kailitz. They arrived on 9 March 1812, to serve under the First Triumvirate. A few days after his arrival in Buenos Aires in the United Provinces\",\n \"title\": \"José de San Martín\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11703135\",\n \"text\": \"her mother. In \\\"The String of Pearls\\\" Johanna Oakley is the lover of a sailor named Mark Ingestrie, who seems to have gone missing at sea. One of his shipmates, Lieutenant Thornhill, comes to London with this sad news and also brings a gift of a string of pearls for Johanna from Mark. Thornhill, himself, however, also goes missing - last seen entering Sweeney Todd's establishment. One of Thornhill's seafaring friends, Colonel Jeffery, is alerted to the disappearance of Thornhill by the latter's faithful dog, Hector, and investigates his whereabouts. He is joined by Johanna who wants to know what\",\n \"title\": \"Johanna (character)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993308\",\n \"text\": \"into the pie shop's basement bakehouse. Casually slitting his customers' necks, Todd despairs of ever seeing Johanna, while Anthony discovers that Johanna is missing (\\\"Johanna–Quartet\\\"), locked away in a madhouse by the Judge. After a day of hard work, Mrs. Lovett envisions a seaside retirement (\\\"By the Sea\\\"), but Todd remains fixated on his revenge. Anthony arrives to beg Todd for help to free Johanna, and Todd, revitalized, devises a plan to rescue her by having Anthony pose as a wigmaker intent on purchasing inmates' hair (\\\"Wigmaker Sequence\\\" and \\\"The Ballad... – Reprise 4\\\"). Todd later sends a secret letter\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15662788\",\n \"text\": \"a few kisses from his fiance. She later has a talk with Higgins, just like the one on the \\\"Nancy B.\\\", but this time she agrees with Higgins, admitting that getting married and having children could wait until she was older and more successful. Higgins smiles quietly, and it is obvious he knew she would say this. A few days after the ships separate, the \\\"Dart\\\" (the \\\"Cerberus\\\" 's companion ship) returns from its different duty to find and sail with it back to England. The Captain climbs aboard the \\\"Lorelei\\\" and Jacky sees that it is Joseph Jared, one\",\n \"title\": \"The Wake of the Lorelei Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6186521\",\n \"text\": \"and is mortified about being tricked into returning. Before he can depart, Todd and Sarah cross paths when she arrives at the house and they argue. However, Jason convinces Sarah that Todd should stay otherwise David will have won. After Sarah throws a tantrum following Jason and Todd's drunkenness at the stag party, Todd confronts her and tells her to stop being selfish. They argue but work things out and promise to lay the past to rest. Todd attends the wedding and returns to London soon after. Todd later visits the street with his new boyfriend Jools and introduces him\",\n \"title\": \"Todd Grimshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14305142\",\n \"text\": \"announced that they won the battle. Tommen is present at Joffrey and Margaery's wedding. He also attended Joffrey's funeral during which Tywin proceeds to tell Tommen about the duties of a king's marriage, ignoring Cersei's angry glares. Margaery later visits Tommen one night where he reveals his pet cat Ser Pounce, and the fact that he and Joffrey didn't get along. This causes him and Margaery to bond over their mutual relief that they are free of him. Tommen agrees that he'd like Margaery to visit him again. Margaery departs, but not before giving him a kiss on the forehead.\",\n \"title\": \"Tommen Baratheon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12229168\",\n \"text\": \"bring Starr and Jack safely back to Llanview. Todd and Téa, meanwhile, are shipwrecked on a deserted island due to Todd's plan to kidnap his children having gone awry. They are not alone. Ross Rayburn, a man Todd had hired to help him with the kidnapping, is also stuck on the island with them, resulting in a love triangle as he and Todd vy for Téa's affections. Todd spies Téa kissing Ross and decides to leave the island alone. As he prepares for his voyage, Téa shows up and tells Todd she is in love with him and \\\"it\\\" has\",\n \"title\": \"Téa Delgado\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032157\",\n \"text\": \"relationship between Todd, Mrs. Lovett, and Toby. DreamWorks announced Burton's appointment in August 2006, and Johnny Depp was cast as Todd. Christopher Lee, Peter Bowles, Anthony Head, and five other actors were set to play the ghost narrators, but their roles were cut (Head does appear in an uncredited cameo as a gentleman who congratulates Depp after the shaving contest). According to Lee, these deletions were due to time constraints caused by a break in filming during March 2007, while Depp's daughter recovered from an illness. Burton's domestic partner Helena Bonham Carter was cast in October 2006, as well as\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"612812\",\n \"text\": \"of a space slug, they finally share a kiss. With his ship needing repairs, Han seeks out his old friend Lando Calrissian in Cloud City, the floating city over Bespin. Though he welcomes them graciously, Lando soon turns them over to a newly arrived Darth Vader, who hopes to use them as bait to capture Luke. Leia confesses her love for Han as he is frozen in carbonite and then handed over to bounty hunter Boba Fett, who is charged with bringing him to the crime lord Jabba the Hutt. Lando helps Leia, Chewbacca and the two droids escape. Leia\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Leia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6186497\",\n \"text\": \"told Frances Traynor from the \\\"Daily Record\\\" that acting out their break-up was not strange. Todd then resumes his previous relationship with Candice. But Todd soon returns to Sarah. She decides to sleep with Todd on her sixteenth birthday. The storyline was controversial and nine viewers contacted the Independent Television Commission. The organisation investigated the scenes and cleared \\\"Coronation Street\\\" of breaching guidelines. They praised them for building a relationship between the two characters and viewed it as a mature decision. Prior to this, Langley's friends would tease him because Todd was a virgin. O'Brien told Steve Hendry from the\",\n \"title\": \"Todd Grimshaw\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366943\",\n \"text\": \"increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip's sister Alys (who had supposedly been the mistress of Richard's father Henry II). In April 1191 Richard left Messina for Acre, but a storm dispersed his large fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the ship carrying his sister Joan and his new fiancée Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, along with the wrecks of several other vessels, including the\",\n \"title\": \"Richard I of England\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12261836\",\n \"text\": \"ship was twice on the Thames at London in 1613, once in July and again in October and November, and in 1616 she was on the Thames carrying a cargo of wine, which suggests that the ship had recently been on a voyage to France, Spain, Portugal, the Canaries, or some other wine-producing land. Jones sailed the \\\"Mayflower\\\" cross-Channel, taking English woolens to France and bringing French wine back to London. He also transported hats, hemp, Spanish salt, hops, and vinegar to Norway, and he may have taken the \\\"Mayflower\\\" whaling in the North Atlantic in the Greenland area or\",\n \"title\": \"Mayflower\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3660781\",\n \"text\": \"Inquisition, and sentenced to life imprisonment as galley slaves. In England, Don Álvarez informs the Queen of Thorpe's fate, causing his niece to faint. The Queen and Don Álvarez exchange heated words, and she expels him from her court. On a Spanish galley, Thorpe meets an Englishman named Abbott, who was captured trying to uncover evidence of the Armada's true purpose. Through cunning, the prisoners take over the ship during the night. They board another ship in the harbor, where an emissary has stored secret incriminating plans. Thorpe and his men capture both and sail back to England with the\",\n \"title\": \"The Sea Hawk (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1554925\",\n \"text\": \"brief episode in which respective letters of introduction are exchanged between Mason and Dixon. Episode 3 In the naval town of Portsmouth, England in 1761, Mason & Dixon meet for the first time. After brief discussions of their respective background, the two retire to an ale house for libations before their departure on the frigate Seahorse to observe the Transit of Venus from Sumatra as ordered by the Royal Society. Over the course of the evening they encounter for the first time the Learned English Dog and Fender-Belly Bodine, a soon-to-be-shipmate on board the Seahorse. Talk is made over the\",\n \"title\": \"Mason & Dixon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993352\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sweeney Todd\\\", jointly produced by DreamWorks and Warner Bros., was released on December 21, 2007. Tim Burton directed from a screenplay by John Logan. It stars Johnny Depp as Todd (Depp received an Oscar nomination and a Golden Globe Award for his performance), Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Lovett, Alan Rickman as Judge Turpin, Sacha Baron Cohen as Signor Pirelli, Jamie Campbell Bower as Anthony Hope, Laura Michelle Kelly as The Beggar Woman, Jayne Wisener as Johanna, Ed Sanders as Toby, and Timothy Spall as Beadle Bamford. The film was well-received by critics and theatregoers and also won the Golden\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7232590\",\n \"text\": \"the storm. Homer and Marge get together, and the members of the Mayflower meet the Wampanoag tribe and join them for the first Thanksgiving feast. The Bounty sets sail from England in 1789, commanded by Captain Bligh (Seymour Skinner). During the first 718 days of the voyage, Bligh severely mistreats his crew, not giving them water and discarding their mail. Willie warns him of a mutiny if he continues, but Bligh ignores him. They arrive in Tahiti, where Homer and Marge are the rulers of island, and the crew have a wonderful time until it is time to leave. Bligh\",\n \"title\": \"The Wettest Stories Ever Told\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6797118\",\n \"text\": \"secretly take the family away to Hawaii to get away from Todd. But the bodyguards are working for Todd and he follows them to Hawaii and plans to kidnap the kids. However, he runs into former love Téa Delgado there. Téa warns Blair about Todd's plans, and she is able to bring Starr and Jack safely back to Llanview. Once there, Blair decides to repay Sam for his help by getting his \\\"true love\\\", Nora, back for him by seducing Troy MacIver and making Nora break up with Troy. Blair's plan fails and Troy and Nora find out what she\",\n \"title\": \"Todd Manning and Blair Cramer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8579622\",\n \"text\": \"begins with Pippi sailing around the world with her father, Captain Efraim Longstocking, her pet horse, Horse, her pet monkey, Mr. Nilsson, and various members of the ship's crew. One night during a hurricane, the captain is washed over board into the sea. As he drifts off, he calls to Pippi that he will \\\"meet her in Villa Villekulla\\\". To that effect, Pippi and her pet animals make their way home, Villa Villekulla, to await his return. Not long after arriving, she makes friends with the two children across the street — Tommy and Annika, who are captivated by her\",\n \"title\": \"Pippi Longstocking (1997 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18874125\",\n \"text\": \"handsome young doctor and bachelor. Their romantic intentions go awry when Cornelia comes down with measles, and Tom agrees to use makeup to mask the spots, but she does not want to tell Avery about her infection. When the ship reaches England, Cornelia's parents, who had travelled on another cruise ship, meet the two girls. At a tour of Hampton Court Palace in London, Cornelia spots Avery and the two young people reunite, but after kissing her, Avery comes down with measles. Cornelia and Emily head off for Paris to sightsee on their own. After getting trapped on a balcony\",\n \"title\": \"Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15513388\",\n \"text\": \"Social Services. Ben performs a \\\"wedding\\\" ceremony, which he admits is not legally binding before they leave. Sam and Suzy never make it onto the crabbing boat. Suzy's parents, Captain Sharp, Social Services, and the scouts of Fort Lebanon under the command of Scout Master Ward pursue them instead. A violent hurricane and flash flood strike, and Sharp apprehends Sam and Suzy on the steeple of the church in which they first met. Lightning destroys the steeple, but Sharp saves them. During the storm, Sharp decides to become Sam's legal guardian, allowing him to stay on New Penzance Island and\",\n \"title\": \"Moonrise Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17553669\",\n \"text\": \"and is subsequently arrested. Cameron begins blackmailing Lisa, forcing her to convince Peri to visit him in prison, however Peri expresses her hatred towards her father before leaving. Overwhelmed she steals from Dirk's emporium. Months later Zack and Leela begin a relationship. One day when Peri comes back from school, Peri finds a bracelet from Zack addressed to Leela but Peri thinks it for her because it says \\\"sexy momma\\\". Tom confronts Zack obviously jealous he asks Peri to get back together with him but she rejects him. Peri is also caught up in the school explosion and Prince McQueen\",\n \"title\": \"Peri Lomax\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12915729\",\n \"text\": \"has to be someone to make it right again. He asks Zarek whether he is that man. Zarek replies that he is one of them, but that he needs a partner. Gaeta states that as of now, he has one, and shakes hands with Zarek. Sharon Agathon and other crew jump to the tylium ship's coordinates, and manage to bring it back. Admiral Adama receives notification of the tylium ship's return, accepting the call while being in his quarters, in bed with Laura Roslin. She shows some interest in the news, and he asks her if she now cares. She\",\n \"title\": \"A Disquiet Follows My Soul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10474154\",\n \"text\": \"daughter Kari (who had accompanied them on their voyage) also meets him to tell him of suspicious German merchant ships at Bergen which her father suspects have troops on board. The pair say goodbye and Metcalfe, getting into what he thinks is a taxi, is kidnapped by the Germans and put on board a ship bound for the German port of Bremen. Meanwhile, Germany invades, Metcalfe is scooped on the news of the invasion, and – back in Britain – Chamberlain's government falls and Churchill becomes prime minister. A British warship intercepts the ship on which Metcalfe is held and\",\n \"title\": \"The Day Will Dawn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800403\",\n \"text\": \"of shaving cream. Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1936 British drama horror film produced and directed by George King, and written by Frederick Hayward, H.F. Maltby, and George Dibdin-Pitt. The film features actor Tod Slaughter in one of his most famous roles as the barber Sweeney Todd. The film starts in 1936 as a barber tells a patron the story of the infamous Sweeney Todd. Sweeney Todd (Tod Slaughter) is a barber with a shop near the docks of London. One day, as the mercantile\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032148\",\n \"text\": \"on the entire world, vowing to kill as many people as he can while he waits for another chance to kill Turpin. Mrs. Lovett gets the idea to bake Todd's victims into pies, and Todd rigs his barber chair to drop his victims' bodies through a trapdoor and into her bakehouse. Anthony searches for Johanna, whom Turpin has sent to an insane asylum upon discovering her plans to elope with Anthony. The barbering and pie-making businesses prosper, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby as her assistant. She tells an uninterested Todd of her plans to marry him and move to the\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8032151\",\n \"text\": \"recognizes Todd as Benjamin Barker, Todd stabs him several times, cuts his throat, and dumps him into the bakehouse. Johanna comes out of her hiding place, still in disguise, and Todd prepares to kill her as well, not recognizing her as his daughter. However, hearing Mrs. Lovett scream in horror in the basement when the dying Turpin grabs at her dress, Todd lets Johanna go. Todd discovers that the beggar woman was his wife Lucy, whom he believed to be dead, and that Mrs. Lovett deliberately misled him so she could have him to herself. Todd pretends to forgive her\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1502505\",\n \"text\": \"and begins his adventures across Britain, eventually ending up in London. On the way he meets a barber, Partridge, who was banished from town because he was thought to be the father of Tom Jones. He becomes Tom's faithful companion in the hope of restoring his reputation. During their journey they end up at an inn where a lady and her maid arrive. An angry man arrives and the chambermaid points him in the direction she thinks he needs to go. He bursts in on Tom and Mrs Waters, a woman whom Tom rescued, in bed together. The man, however,\",\n \"title\": \"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2521857\",\n \"text\": \"the same time. In September 2018 Network confirmed on Twitter that Blu-ray releases of Series 2 to 4 had been abandoned due to 'lack of demand'. The Sweeney The Sweeney is a 1970s British television police drama focusing on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police specialising in tackling armed robbery and violent crime in London. It was made by Thames Television for broadcast on the ITV network. The programme's title derives from 'Sweeney Todd', which is Cockney rhyming slang for \\\"Flying Squad\\\". It starred John Thaw as Detective Inspector Jack Regan and Dennis Waterman\",\n \"title\": \"The Sweeney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"487961\",\n \"text\": \"him to Rosina that evening. He also explains his plot to come between the lovers. Basilio leaves and Rosina arrives. Bartolo shows Rosina the letter she wrote to \\\"Lindoro\\\", and persuades her that this is evidence that Lindoro is merely a flunky of Almaviva and is toying with her at Almaviva's behest. Rosina believes him and agrees to marry him. During an instrumental interlude, the music creates a thunder storm to indicate the passage of time. The Count and Figaro climb up a ladder to the balcony and enter the room through a window. Rosina shows Almaviva the letter and\",\n \"title\": \"The Barber of Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15662789\",\n \"text\": \"of the men she had a relationship with on the \\\"Wolverine\\\", as since then. He tells her that he has finally met her after what seemed like forever. He technically has authority over her, as she is an escaped prisoner, and he wants her in bed. She says no politely and persists, but Jared pulls her onto the bed anyway. Just then the \\\"Cerberus\\\" pulls up, with Jaimy jumping aboard and Jacky smiles and asks Jared, \\\"Now who exactly is the prisoner of whom?\\\" The three captains discuss what to do with their illegal profits, the ships, and where to\",\n \"title\": \"The Wake of the Lorelei Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13673830\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Duchess of Oldenburg at the Pulteney Hotel in Piccadilly); King Frederick William III of Prussia; Prince Metternich, Chancellor of the Austrian Empire; Field Marshal Blücher, Prince Hardenberg, the Chancellor of Prussia; General Yorck; General Bülow; Count Barclay de Tolly. Boarding the Duke of Clarence's flagship the \\\"Impregnable\\\" in Boulogne on 6 June 1814, they crossed to Dover, where they were officially welcomed, with a guard of honour provided by the soldiers of the famous Light Division - the 43rd, 52nd and 95th Regiments. They arrived in London on the afternoon of 7 June. Various entertainments, parades and ceremonies were\",\n \"title\": \"Allied sovereigns' visit to England\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8442609\",\n \"text\": \"to continue romancing Tracy if Draco reveals the whereabouts of Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE. Bond returns to London, and after a brief argument with M at the British Secret Service headquarters, heads for Draco's birthday party in Portugal. There, Bond and Tracy begin a whirlwind romance, and Draco directs the agent to a law firm in Bern, Switzerland. Bond investigates the office of Swiss lawyer Gumbold, and learns that Blofeld is corresponding with London College of Arms' genealogist Sir Hilary Bray, attempting to claim the title 'Comte Balthazar de Bleuchamp'. Posing as Bray, Bond goes to meet\",\n \"title\": \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18741915\",\n \"text\": \"to Rome between 22 July and 29 August 1622, Anthony van Dyck (then 23 years old) painted both their portraits. The couple then went to Warsaw in Poland, and perhaps Moscow afterwards, before visiting England in 1623 for the last time. They sailed for the Safavid Empire in 1627 on an East India Company ship with Dodmore Cotton, an envoy from the King of England to Persia and other courts. Teresa and Robert returned to Isfahan through Surat and Bandar Abbas. The couple then moved to Qazvin (the former capital of Safavid Iran) were both Teresa and Shirley were rewarded\",\n \"title\": \"Teresa Sampsonia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8252457\",\n \"text\": \"for the journey, including Aberdare, Birkenhead and Mountain Ash. \\\"Mimosa\\\" sailed from Liverpool, England on 28 May 1865 to Patagonia, South America with a group of about 153 passengers with Captain George Pepperell and a crew of 18. Thomas Greene, an Irishman from Kildare, had been appointed as ship's surgeon. They landed on 28 July 1865 and named their landing site Porth Madryn. They were met by Edwyn Cynrig Roberts and Lewis Jones who had already arrived in Patagonia in June 1865 to prepare for the arrival of the main body of settlers. Their aim was to establish a Welsh\",\n \"title\": \"Mimosa (ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10947062\",\n \"text\": \"7 days after \\\"Fiery Cross\\\". She coaled at Mauritius on 27 June, 22 days later, already ahead of the clippers that had left before her, and arrived in London on 22 August, 78 days after sailing - taking 77 days on passage, plus one day of coaling. She was in London 15 days before the first of the clippers. \\\"Taeping\\\", as noted above, took 99 days to get from China to London. Newspapers, particularly in Glasgow (where many steamships were built) and Liverpool commented that steam would soon take over carrying tea from China. The same news reports also commented\",\n \"title\": \"Great Tea Race of 1866\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6606036\",\n \"text\": \"before fleeing the ship. Outside, Fry and Leela nearly kiss before they are interrupted by the ship breaking in half. Bender heads off to save the Countess while the rest of the crew head for the escape pods. An airlock door closes, blocking the crew's escape. Zoidberg holds it open a few inches, but the door release is on the other side. Hermes resurrects his old limbo skills to squeeze under the door. Arriving at the escape pods, they meet Amy's parents, who have found Amy a new boyfriend: \\\"Captain\\\" Kif. After waiting as long as they can for Bender,\",\n \"title\": \"A Flight to Remember\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1361871\",\n \"text\": \"flying through the storm. During the confusion, the Science Officer escapes the ship via shuttle craft. Their spaceship is drawn mysteriously to the planet D'Illyria where the crew meet mad scientist Doctor Prospero, who has been marooned on the planet since his wife and science partner Gloria sent him and their daughter Miranda into space. Doctor Prospero offers to help repair the broken starship and he, his daughter, and their robot Ariel come aboard. The ship's cook, Cookie, is instantly taken by Miranda's beauty and falls in love with her, a love he thinks she returns. In fact she has\",\n \"title\": \"Return to the Forbidden Planet\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15892191\",\n \"text\": \"learn English from Samuel Robbins Brown. In May 1866, with the assistance of Thomas Blake Glover, Yoshihara was one of five Satsuma samurai smuggled out of Japan on a Portuguese cargo ship to England, in violation of the national seclusion laws of the Tokugawa shogunate. Nire Kagenori was another of the five samurai in this mission. The five travelled via the Cape of Good Hope to London, where they met with the members of the first Satsuma delegation to England, which had arrived a year earlier. These included Mori Arinori, Terashima Munenori and Godai Tomoatsu. Yoshihara continued on to the\",\n \"title\": \"Yoshihara Shigetoshi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8800398\",\n \"text\": \"apprentice: the orphan Tobias Ragg (John Singer). Next door is a meat pie shop run my Mrs. Lovatt (Stella Rho). She has a large cellar that connects to Todd's. In addition to being a barber, Todd buys a share of Oakley's shipping company and hopes to marry Johanna. Using his charm, Todd lures wealthy, respectable customers from the docks into his barbershop at Fleet Street, where he sits them in a \\\"special\\\" barber's chair. Before shaving a man, he always sends Tobias to Mrs. Lovatt's for a meat pie. When Todd pulls a lever, the chair flips over and dumps\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4597012\",\n \"text\": \"and Selmy to infiltrate Meereen and release slaves. Upon their return, Jorah refuses to beg forgiveness, insisting that Daenerys owes him forgiveness as reward for his service. Daenerys agrees but notes that she cannot do so without undermining her authority, and banishes Jorah. Jorah encounters the exiled Tyrion Lannister in a brothel in Selhorys, and abducts him, hoping to return to Daenerys' graces by presenting a Lannister captive as a gift. In Volantis they encounter the dwarf Penny, whom Tyrion takes pity on and is allowed by Jorah to accompany them. During their voyage to Meereen, their ship is disabled\",\n \"title\": \"Jorah Mormont\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12229200\",\n \"text\": \"interrupting Antonio and Carlotta Vega's bilingual bickering before visiting Todd. Not long after visiting Todd, the two are shipwrecked with one of Todd's employees after coming face to face for the first time in two years on a boat Todd had planned to use in order to kidnap his children from Blair. Regarding Todd and Téa being stranded together on a deserted island, former head writer Gary Tomlin, who was new to the series at the time, explained, \\\"They both realize the mistakes they've made. Téa starts to see why she fell in love with him. The same thing for\",\n \"title\": \"Téa Delgado\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"147243\",\n \"text\": \"toward the tip of Africa, eventually rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and reached Sierra Leone by 22 July 1580. On 26 September, \\\"Golden Hind\\\" sailed into Plymouth with Drake and 59 remaining crew aboard, along with a rich cargo of spices and captured Spanish treasures. The Queen's half-share of the cargo surpassed the rest of the crown's income for that entire year. Drake was hailed as the first Englishman to circumnavigate the Earth (and the second such voyage arriving with at least one ship intact, after Elcano's in 1520). The Queen declared that all written accounts of Drake's voyages\",\n \"title\": \"Francis Drake\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4993307\",\n \"text\": \"murder his future customers, since all people deserve to die: the rich to be punished for their corruption, and the poor to be relieved of their misery (\\\"Epiphany\\\"). Mrs. Lovett suggests that they use the bodies of Todd's victims in her meat pies, and Todd happily agrees (\\\"A Little Priest\\\"). Several weeks later, Mrs. Lovett's pie shop has become a successful business, and Toby is now working there as a waiter (\\\"God, That's Good!\\\"). Todd and Mrs. Lovett acquire a specially-designed mechanical barber's chair that allows Todd to kill his clients and then send their bodies directly through a chute\",\n \"title\": \"Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5814427\",\n \"text\": \"breakup with Cody by calling Bailey young, smart and pretty, which she responds to in shock. In \\\"My Oh Maya\\\", London pretends to be Zack's ex-girlfriend to help him get a girl and pretends to be Marcus' wife to get Dante (Marcus' identity thief) off the ship. It isn't revealed whether or not she did it for free but it can be assumed that because she is maturing she did it without cost. Since then she has been displaying continuous signs of attraction towards Zack. In the last episode, it was shown she would miss Mr. Moseby, since he was\",\n \"title\": \"London Tipton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4637380\",\n \"text\": \"two minutes east. Wind, fresh to moderate; sky, fair...\\\" with a similar closing: \\\"Ship secured for the night. Signed, Philip Carney, master.\\\" Arriving at an exotic port of call, the captain and first mate would go ashore and immediately run into trouble with local authorities, agents of rival merchants, or desperate women in need of rescue. After some investigation and at least one good fight they would solve the problem, get back on the ship and sail away, Carney and Gallagher sharing a laugh and a drink at the wheel before the captain's closing log entry. Voyage of the Scarlet\",\n \"title\": \"Voyage of the Scarlet Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14460092\",\n \"text\": \"the coast of Havana. Along the way, Jacky and her mates find more than they have bargained for. Minutes after the final confrontation at the end of \\\"My Bonny Light Horseman\\\", Jacky’s schooner, the \\\"Nancy B. Alsop\\\", comes to receive Jacky from Paris. Once aboard, her butler Master John Higgins cleans her up and Jacky discusses her duty as a nightclub dancer, her position as spy for the British, and her relationship with Jean-Paul. Jacky is reunited with Jaimy, and the two decide to get married when at home in Britain. When in London, she reunites with friends and family\",\n \"title\": \"Rapture of the Deep (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12229162\",\n \"text\": \"of Todd's newfound \\\"alters\\\", Todd and Téa soon marry again. At the reception, Starr unknowingly has a tape played over the country club's loud speakers where Todd is heard confessing he has been faking the DID to avoid criminal prosecution. This happens as Todd and Téa are in the process of making love. Téa is naturally furious with Todd and leaves him to face off with Sam and Viki. Todd soon after kidnaps Téa and traps her in their cabana room. She says that he was supposed to truly love her. Todd says he does love her, but he cannot\",\n \"title\": \"Téa Delgado\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3469162\",\n \"text\": \"and Cat are able to work on the equipment and retrieve Blink, Morph, and Sabretooth, and new members Mystiq and Rogue are brought along. Spider-Man 2099 finds a girlfriend and stays on the world on which he landed. Longshot, once again, got lucky and landed in the Crystal Palace after the transport went wrong. Psylocke and Thunderbird travel to Earth-616 to visit Captain Britain and Nocturne during New Excalibur's victory party. During the party, Captain Britain is wounded by a strike force led by an armored lady called Rouge. While Betsy tries to care for her brother everybody else tries\",\n \"title\": \"Exiles (Marvel Comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14254893\",\n \"text\": \"giant creature below the ship. The Doctor induces the creature to vomit, allowing them to escape back to the ship. The Doctor and Amy meet Queen Elizabeth X, known as Liz 10, the ruler of the ship. The Winders eventually capture the group, and they are taken to the Tower of London. The Doctor discovers that \\\"Starship UK\\\" rides atop a giant Star Whale, controlled by sending painful electrical impulses to its brain via a control panel in the Tower. Liz 10 finds a message from her younger self telling her that she ordered this, and is given the option\",\n \"title\": \"The Beast Below\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who did sweeney todd meet on the ship back to london"}}},{"rowIdx":287,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["William Thomas Sadler"],"string":"[\n \"William Thomas Sadler\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"15175292","text":"of the Circle K. Solomon confirmed that they have Steven Soderbergh aboard for production of the film, along with Scott Kroopf, who produced the original films. They also have planned for William Sadler to return as the Grim Reaper. Pre-production of \"Face the Music\" was started in May 2018, with both Reeves and Winter confirmed to return to reprise their roles. The United States distribution will be handled by MGM under their Orion Pictures label. The international distribution rights are expected to be determined during the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, with Bloom Media negotiating these rights. The first season was","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"15175286","text":"a pre-San Diego Comic-Con International interview, Alex Winter stated the storyline may also involve time travel to the prehistoric era, and the film would likely see a cameo by Eddie Van Halen as well as the return of Socrates and Billy the Kid, who appeared in the first movie. The current script does not feature William Sadler reprising his role as the Grim Reaper, but the screenwriters are looking for a way to include him, and Sadler has expressed interest in returning to the role. In August 2012, director Dean Parisot of \"Galaxy Quest\" and \"Red 2\" was attached to","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"13895902","text":"William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \"The Pacific\", in \"\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \"Roswell\", convict Heywood in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", Senator Vernon Trent in \"Hard to Kill\", and the Grim Reaper in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \"Die Hard 2\". He played the character of President of the United States, Matthew Ellis, in \"Iron","title":"William Sadler (actor)"},{"id":"13895909","text":"Possessions\", which was screened at SXSW. William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \"The Pacific\", in \"\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \"Roswell\", convict Heywood in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", Senator Vernon Trent in \"Hard to Kill\", and the Grim Reaper in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \"Die Hard 2\". He played the character of President of the","title":"William Sadler (actor)"},{"id":"15175281","text":"Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \"Bill & Ted\" film, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". A third film, \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\", started pre-production in May 2018. In addition to the films, the franchise has spawned both an animated television series (with Winter and Reeves reprising their roles) and","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"13634136","text":"indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film, confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete. Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both liked the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. The current script does not feature the return of the Grim Reaper from \"Bogus Journey\", but since actor William Sadler has expressed interest, the writers are considering ways to include the character. In August 2012, Dean Parisot (director of the sci-fi/comedy film \"Galaxy Quest)\" signed on to direct the film,","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"13895906","text":"Hard 2\" as Colonel Stuart, as Heywood in the 1994 prison drama \"The Shawshank Redemption\", the Grim Reaper in the 1991 comedy \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" and as Brayker in \"Demon Knight\". He was also a series regular on the television series \"Roswell\" as Sheriff Jim Valenti and in \"Wonderfalls\" as Darrin Tyler. Other film credits include \"Trespass\", \"K-9\", \"Project X\", \"Disturbing Behavior\", \"Kinsey\", \"The Battle of Shaker Heights\", \"Purple Heart\", \"Jimmy and Judy\" and \"August Rush\". Sadler's TV guest appearances include \"In the Heat of the Night\", \"Roseanne\", \"Tru Calling\", \"Tour of Duty\", \"\", \"Numb3rs\", and \"\". He","title":"William Sadler (actor)"},{"id":"15175293","text":"produced by Hanna-Barbera and ran for 13 episodes on CBS in 1990, featured the voices of Carlin, Winter, and Reeves returning to their roles in the film. A second season of eight episodes ran on Fox Kids and was produced by DIC Entertainment, with none of the original cast. A later live-action series, featuring none of the cast from the film, included Christopher Kennedy as Bill and Evan Richards as Ted (who also voiced the same roles in the animated season produced by Dic). This version aired seven episodes in 1992 on Fox. A one-shot comic book adaptation of the","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"1875165","text":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, and a sequel to \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter and George Carlin reprise their roles. The film's original working title was \"Bill & Ted Go to Hell\" and the film's soundtrack featured the song \"Go to Hell\" by Megadeth, which Dave Mustaine wrote for the film. Despite mixed reviews from film critics, like its predecessor, the film has since","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"},{"id":"15175282","text":"a live-action television series in 1990 and 1992 respectively, video games, and comic books. Originally produced by Orion Pictures, the franchise ownership fell to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) following the purchase of Orion in 1997. The franchise is based on the characters of William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (played by Alex Winter in the films) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves), two teenagers (as of 1989) living in San Dimas, California. Both are aspiring musicians, wanting to bring their own band \"Wyld Stallyns\" to fame, but both are also dim-witted. Unbeknownst to them, their music becomes the focal point for enlightenment that","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"15175297","text":"following allegations by Jamie Lee Curtis Taete from \"Vice\" of homophobia and racism in that year's show. The show continued at Universal Studios Florida, until 2017. Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \"Bill\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \"Ted\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \"Bill & Ted\" film, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". A third film, \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\", started","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"10905650","text":"featuring Steve Vai's intro have been made by fans. \"Dream of a New Day\" was previously released on Richie Kotzen's 1990 album \"Fever Dream\". \"Tommy the Cat\" was previously released on Primus' album \"Sailing the Seas of Cheese\". In this version, the title character Tommy was voiced by singer songwriter Tom Waits. Notably, the track \"The Reaper Rap\", a reprise of Steve Vai's \"The Reaper\", features not only sound bytes of dialog heard in the film, but also dialog from the film's deleted scenes now believed to be lost. Portions of \"The Reaper Rap\" are absent in the film during","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture"},{"id":"5588538","text":"Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and its spin-off \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\". He is also known for voicing Brother 6 and Rokutaro in \"Afro Samurai\" and Aku Aku in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" video game franchise. Eagles was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Eagles is especially known as the voice of The Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\" from Cartoon Network. In some of his appearances,","title":"Greg Eagles"},{"id":"5588540","text":"Robert Alvarez. He is planning to turn the pilot into a full TV-series when it gets picked up, even making an online opening sequence and full theme song. The cartoon short also had a Kickstarter and a now-lost Indiegogo campaign for a video game adaption, \"Teapot Rap it Up!\" but the project failed to reach its $2,500 goal. – Blanco Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \"Grim & Evil\" and its spin-off \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\".","title":"Greg Eagles"},{"id":"219688","text":"Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( ; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and musician. He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films, including comedies from the \"Bill and Ted\" franchise (1989–1991); action thrillers \"Point Break\" (1991), \"Speed\" (1994), and the \"John Wick\" franchise; psychological thriller \"The Devil's Advocate\" (1997); supernatural thriller \"Constantine\" (2005); and science fiction/action series \"The Matrix\" (1999–2003). He has also appeared in dramatic films such as \"Dangerous Liaisons\" (1988), \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991), and \"Little Buddha\" (1993), as well as the romantic horror \"Bram Stoker's Dracula\" (1992).","title":"Keanu Reeves"},{"id":"15175289","text":"Show\", Reeves confirmed that \"Bill & Ted 3\" is still being planned, stating, \"Yes, they want to do that. The writers wrote a script, which is a really cool idea and Alex Winter and I – Alex played Bill, I played Ted – so we're trying to get it made\". In April 2016, Alex Winter told Forbes that they have a script, a director and a studio and that there had been a plan to film by early 2017. Reeves gave an update on the film in February 2017 during an interview on \"The Graham Norton Show\" saying the story","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"2718666","text":"School of the Arts. He took part in the Sundance Institute's June Lab. , he was scheduled to direct the third installment of the Bill and Ted franchise. It was confirmed in May 2018 that \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\" was currently in pre-production. Dean Parisot was married to film editor Sally Menke until her death in 2010; the couple had two children. Dean Parisot Aldo L. \"Dean\" Parisot is an American film and television director. He won the 1988 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for \"The Appointments of Dennis Jennings\", which was co-written and starred","title":"Dean Parisot"},{"id":"10245316","text":"(Sam and Sock's co-worker and friend) and Josie (Sock's ex-girlfriend) were found in the same month when Rick Gonzalez and Valarie Rae Miller were cast. Anthony Head and James Marsters auditioned for the role of the devil before Ray Wise was cast in the part in mid-March. Kyle Switzer was cast as Sam's younger brother Keith. Keith's name would later be changed to Kyle, and was written out of the show after two episodes. Donovan Stinson and Andrew Airlie rounded out the cast as Ted Gallagher and John Oliver, Sam's boss and father respectively. In July 2008, it was announced","title":"Reaper (TV series)"},{"id":"15175285","text":"Wyld Stallyns' performance at the Battle of the Bands, which takes place later that night. In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film. Winter has stated that the role of Rufus (previously played by the late George Carlin) would not be recast. In April 2011, Reeves stated that a third film was close to happening. On April 24, 2011, Winter tweeted that the script for the third installment had been finished. The plot was suspected to be about Bill and Ted writing a song that could save the world, although in","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"8283090","text":"Robert V. Barron Robert V. Barron (born Robert V. Nemiroff; December 26, 1932 – December 1, 2000) was an American TV and film director, producer, screenwriter and actor best known for his role as the voice of Admiral Donald Hayes in the 1980s animated TV series \"Robotech\", of which he also served as the supervising producer. He is also well known for playing the role of Abraham Lincoln in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. Tall, gaunt, rawboned character actor with deep voice, reminiscent of John Carradine. Barron's attended Morris Harvey College in Charleston, West Virginia, and later UCLA.","title":"Robert V. Barron"},{"id":"15454236","text":"Ted (film) Ted is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Seth MacFarlane and written by MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin, and Wellesley Wild. The film stars Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis, with Joel McHale and Giovanni Ribisi in supporting roles, with MacFarlane providing the voice and motion capture of the title character. The film tells the story of John Bennett, a Boston native whose childhood wish brings his teddy bear friend Ted to life. However, in adulthood, Ted prevents John and his love interest Lori Collins from moving on with their lives. The film is MacFarlane's feature-length directorial debut, produced by","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"4406929","text":"Club. After completing NYU film school, he and Tom Stern moved out to Hollywood, where the two wrote and directed a number of short films and music videos. Winter continued to find work as an actor, landing notable roles in such big productions as \"The Lost Boys\" and \"Rosalie Goes Shopping\". In 1989, Winter found international success when he co-starred with Keanu Reeves as Bill S. Preston in the smash-hit comedy \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel, \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Following the success of \"Bill & Ted\", Winter and creative collaborators Tom Stern and Tim","title":"Alex Winter"},{"id":"1875176","text":"Maltin also gave \"Bogus Journey\" 2½ stars, a half-star more than he gave to \"Excellent Adventure.\" \"Variety\" wrote that the film has \"a few triumphant moments, but not enough to sustain pic's running time.\" To coincide with the release of the movie, Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book adaptation of the movie, hiring Evan Dorkin to adapt the screenplay and pencil the art. Like Archie Goodwin's adaptation of the first \"Star Wars\" film, Dorkin worked from the original script, which included many of the deleted scenes, and portrayed Death as the archetypal skeletal figure. Due to the popularity of","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"},{"id":"18741460","text":"John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989), \"The Black Stallion\" (1979) and \"The Sin Eater\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand,","title":"John Karlsen"},{"id":"5511494","text":"Dan Shor Daniel Shor (born November 16, 1956) is an American actor, director, writer, and teacher with a career spanning over 30 years. His most recognized roles include Enoch Emery in John Huston's \"Wise Blood\", Ram in \"Tron\" (1982) and Billy the Kid in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Shor was born and raised in New York City. He attended McBurney School from the 6th through the 8th grade. His mother, who was an actress, died when he was 14. He graduated from Elisabeth Irwin High School (June 1974) and began at Northwestern University that fall. He studied at","title":"Dan Shor"},{"id":"2832743","text":"Stellan Skarsgård Stellan John Skarsgård (; born 13 June 1951) is a Swedish actor. He is known for his roles as Jan Nyman in \"Breaking the Waves\" (1996), Captain Tupolev in \"The Hunt for Red October\" (1990), Prof. Gerald Lambeau in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), Bootstrap Bill Turner in \"\" (2006) and \"\" (2007), Bill Anderson in \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008) and the sequel \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\" (2018), Commander Maximilian Richter in \"Angels and Demons\" (2009), Martin Vanger in \"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\" (2011), Dr. Erik Selvig in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Thor\" (2011), \"The","title":"Stellan Skarsgård"},{"id":"2056490","text":"Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \"The Terminator\" (1984), \"Weird Science\" (1985), \"Aliens\" (1986), \"Predator 2\" (1990), \"Tombstone\" (1993), \"True Lies\" (1994), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Twister\" (1996), \"Titanic\" (1997), \"Mighty Joe Young\" (1998), \"U-571\" (2000), \"Vertical Limit\" (2000), \"Edge of Tomorrow\" (2014), and \"Nightcrawler\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \"Big Love\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for portraying Randall","title":"Bill Paxton"},{"id":"4406926","text":"Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \"The Lost Boys\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \"Freaked\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was a former Martha Graham dancer who founded a modern-dance company","title":"Alex Winter"},{"id":"4406932","text":"Network in November 2009 and captured over 16 million viewers in its premiere weekend. He has reportedly been chosen to write the screenplay for the Howard Stern-produced remake of \"Rock 'n' Roll High School\". His latest project is a 3D-remake of the 1987 horror film \"The Gate\" which was scheduled for release in 2011. In April 2011, Winter's \"Bill & Ted\" co-star Keanu Reeves confirmed that a third installment of the film series was underway. Winter's confirmed work on \"Bill & Ted 3\" was still in progress in a 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary. In 2016, Winter","title":"Alex Winter"},{"id":"15454245","text":"skeptical about the film's future success owing to its R-rating. Subsequently, Fox backed out and MacFarlane began to take the project somewhere else. On April 12, 2010, Universal Pictures announced that it had acquired the full rights to \"Ted\" after it agreed to a $65 million budget he requested. On October 26, 2010, Mark Wahlberg joined in the project as the lead actor. Two months later on December 14, Mila Kunis, the voice actress for Meg Griffin from \"Family Guy\", also joined in the cast. On February 23, 2011, Giovanni Ribisi joined Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in \"Ted\". Filming","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"15175284","text":"time and meet historical figures and learn about key historical events. If Bill and Ted fail to pass, their teacher will have to flunk them and Ted's father will transfer him to an Alaskan military academy, which will lead to Wyld Stallyns never forming, in turn destroying the future. \"Bogus Journey\" sees Bill and Ted being killed by robot doubles who capture their fiancées, and their attempts to get back from the afterlife by challenging the Grim Reaper to a series of games. Bill and Ted (along with the Grim Reaper) eventually return to present-day Earth just prior to the","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"2056501","text":"and Ginnifer Goodwin. Sevigny remembered Paxton as: Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \"The Terminator\" (1984), \"Weird Science\" (1985), \"Aliens\" (1986), \"Predator 2\" (1990), \"Tombstone\" (1993), \"True Lies\" (1994), \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"Twister\" (1996), \"Titanic\" (1997), \"Mighty Joe Young\" (1998), \"U-571\" (2000), \"Vertical Limit\" (2000), \"Edge of Tomorrow\" (2014), and \"Nightcrawler\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \"Big Love\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a","title":"Bill Paxton"},{"id":"18741461","text":"at the age of 97. John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989), \"The Black Stallion\" (1979) and \"The Sin Eater\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July","title":"John Karlsen"},{"id":"18366415","text":"Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony","title":"Avengers: Infinity War"},{"id":"15175296","text":"Excellent Adventure\" that was released in North America by LJN for the Nintendo Entertainment System. \"Wyld Stallyns\" is an action-RPG video game based on the \"Bill & Ted\" universe was released by Built Games in 2018 for iOS and Android devices. Bill & Ted also feature in an annual live-action show at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood during Halloween Horror Nights. Typically the show will parody the past year's worth of notable pop culture events, featuring locally cast performers as the title characters. In 2013, the Universal Studios Hollywood \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure\" show was cancelled","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"1875179","text":"write the song it’s not just the world, it’s the universe. So they have to save the universe because time is breaking apart.” On May 8, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that a third film, \"Bill & Ted: Face the Music\", was officially in pre-production with Dean Parisot directing. No release date has been announced yet. Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, and a sequel to \"Bill & Ted's Excellent","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"},{"id":"15212077","text":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series) Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures is a 1990 animated television series spinoff from the 1989 film of the same title, following the misadventures of two time-travelling slackers as they travel into the distant past and future. It is part of the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise. The first season of the animated series was produced by Hanna-Barbera and aired on CBS in 1990, with Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, George Carlin, and Bernie Casey reprising their film roles. For the second season in 1991, the animated series switched production companies and networks, now airing","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series)"},{"id":"15454246","text":"began in May 2011 in Boston, Norwood and other locations in Massachusetts. The film was scheduled for release in the United States on July 13, 2012, but it was moved up to June 29, both to avoid competition with \"\" (20th Century Fox) and following the delay of \"\" (Paramount Pictures/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer). Internationally, the film was released in Australia on July 5, 2012, and on August 1, 2012 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The film's soundtrack was released by Universal Republic Records on June 26, 2012. It features the score by Walter Murphy and songs by various artists such as","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"16893900","text":"Ted 2 Ted 2 is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Seth MacFarlane and written by MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild, and is a sequel to the 2012 film \"Ted\". The film stars Mark Wahlberg and MacFarlane, and follows the talking teddy bear Ted as he fights for civil rights in order to be recognized as a person. The film also stars Amanda Seyfried (who replaces Mila Kunis as Wahlberg's love interest), with Giovanni Ribisi and Jessica Barth reprising their roles and John Slattery and Morgan Freeman joining the cast. Principal photography began in Massachusetts in July 2014.","title":"Ted 2"},{"id":"13634143","text":"concluding: \"Make no mistake, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" […] is not a satire of mindlessness; it's unabashed glorification of dumbness for dumbness' sake. Bill and Ted are heroic in their ability to reduce some of history's great minds to their level. However, writing for \"Radio Times\", Alan Jones decided: \"A nonstop giggle from start to finish, this beguiling grab-bag of time-travel clichés, hard-rock music and Valley-speaking cool dudes is a flawless, purpose-built junk movie\". The film has a 78% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 46 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads:","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"6537931","text":"Terry Camilleri Terrance Camilleri (born 1949) is a Maltese-born Australian actor who has performed actively in both the United Kingdom and United States. He is best recognized for portraying Emperor Napoleon I in the blockbuster comedy film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989). Camilleri was born in Malta, and made his feature film debut in Peter Weir's 1974 film \"The Cars That Ate Paris\". He appeared in the 1983 sequel film \"Superman III\". He also made a cameo appearance in Weir's \"The Truman Show\". Other appearances include as Special Branch police officer Hemmings in the science fiction film \"Incident at","title":"Terry Camilleri"},{"id":"13634133","text":"because \"...once you cast Alex and Keanu, who look like pretty cool guys, that was hard to believe\". Originally, the time machine was to be a 1969 Chevrolet van, but the idea was abandoned as being too close in concept to the DeLorean used in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy. Instead, despite the similarities to \"Doctor Who\"s time machine, the TARDIS, the film's time machine was styled after a 1960s American telephone booth, though a newer model Ford van would be used as the rock concert \"band wagon\" for the sequel. In April 2013, Winter commented on Carlin's casting:","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"6695267","text":"roles are the duplicitous Dr. Edgemar in \"Total Recall\", a police sergeant possessed by Bill in \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", principal Michael Oslo in \"Picket Fences\" and jovial mortician Irv Kendall in \"Arachnophobia\". He died in 2001, aged 56, from complications of diabetes. Roy Brocksmith Roy Brocksmith (September 15, 1945 – December 16, 2001) was an American actor. Brocksmith was born in Quincy, Illinois, the son of Vera Marguerite (née Hartwig) and Otis E. Brocksmith, who was a mechanic. He graduated from Quincy University in 1970. He then moved to New York City where he began a career on","title":"Roy Brocksmith"},{"id":"15454249","text":"grossed $218.8 million in North America and $330.6 million overseas for a total gross of $549.4 million, against a budget of $50 million. It was Universal's highest-grossing film in 2012, ahead of \"Snow White and the Huntsman\" and \"Battleship\" (the only one to pass $400 million), and the 12th-highest-grossing film of 2012. \"Ted\" debuted in first place in Taiwan and got the best comedy opening ever there. It also debuted in Hong Kong, with $1.4 million, and grossed $571,000 in its first week in South Korea, eventually grossing $8 million, $3.8 million and $1.8 million respectively. It also grossed $2.1","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"13634121","text":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin. The plot follows slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves), who travel through time to assemble historical figures for their high school history presentation. \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" received generally positive reviews. In 1988 San Dimas, California, slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves) would rather pursue their band the Wyld Stallyns than schoolwork. Ted's father, the local police chief, threatens to","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"15454247","text":"Norah Jones and Queen. Seth MacFarlane co-wrote the opening theme \"Everybody Needs a Best Friend\" with Murphy. The song was later nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 85th Academy Awards. All tracks by Walter Murphy except where indicated. Other songs which do not appear on the soundtrack but are featured in the film include songs from Queen's \"Flash Gordon\" soundtrack: \"Football Fight\", \"Battle Theme\", and \"The Hero\", as well as the \"Knight Rider Theme\" by Stu Phillips, \"Stayin' Alive\" by \"Bee Gees\", \"Kiss Kiss\" by \"Chris Brown\" and \"The Imperial March\" by John Williams. The","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"13634137","text":"although MGM, which holds the rights to the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, has yet to give the movie an official greenlight. In an April 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary, Alex Winter reported that work on going ahead with the second sequel was still in progress. \"Bill and Ted Face the Music\" was officially announced to be in pre-production on May 8, 2018. Two spin-off television series were produced; both were titled \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures\". DC Comics produced a tie-in comic following the plot of the first movie timed to coincide with that film's release on","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"8856754","text":"Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \"Critters\" followed by the hit comedy \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. He then directed \"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \"The Mighty Ducks\" in 1992, \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake of \"101","title":"Stephen Herek"},{"id":"6238903","text":"Stephen Lang Stephen Lang (born July 11, 1952) is an American screen and stage actor, and playwright. He is known for roles in films including \"Manhunter\" (1986), \"Gettysburg\" (1993), \"Gods and Generals\" (2003), \"Public Enemies\" (2009) and \"Don't Breathe\" (2016). He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 1992 Broadway production of \"The Speed of Darkness\" and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in James Cameron's \"Avatar\" (2009). From 2004 to 2006, he was co-artistic director of the Actors Studio. Lang was born in New York City, the youngest child of Theresa","title":"Stephen Lang"},{"id":"7503910","text":"Jason Clarke Jason Clarke (born 17 July 1969) is an Australian film and television actor. Clarke has appeared in many TV series, and is known for playing Tommy Caffee on the television series \"Brotherhood\". He has also appeared in many films, often as an antagonist. His film roles include \"Zero Dark Thirty\" (2012), \"White House Down\" (2013), \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" (2014), \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015), \"Everest\" (2015), \"Mudbound\" (2017), \"Chappaquiddick\" (2017), in which he portrayed Ted Kennedy, and \"First Man\" (2018), in which he portrayed astronaut Ed White. Jason Clarke was born and brought up in Winton,","title":"Jason Clarke"},{"id":"15175291","text":"Ted Face the Music\". Solomon, speaking to \"Digital Spy\" in January 2018, said of the film's long pre-production period: Solomon further stated that they have had issues getting financing for the film as those they have approached want to see a reboot of \"Bill & Ted\", rather than a sequel, and had also expressed concerns that since the first film was not distributed internationally, there would not be a large audience for this film. Solomon said that elements of the script would see the middle-aged Bill & Ted revisiting events of the first film, such as watching their interactions outside","title":"Bill & Ted"},{"id":"18241258","text":"Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is a 2016 American action mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown. The film is the sequel to \"The Da Vinci Code\" (2006) and \"Angels & Demons\" (2009), and is the third installment in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series. It stars Tom Hanks, reprising his role as Robert Langdon, alongside Felicity Jones, Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen, Ben Foster, and Irrfan Khan. Together with the previous film, it remains Hanks' only live-action sequel. Filming began on April 27, 2015,","title":"Inferno (2016 film)"},{"id":"13722345","text":"Joel Soisson Joel Soisson is an American screenwriter, producer and director. He works primarily in the field of independent film. His numerous credits include \"Dracula 2000\", \",\" \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, The Prophecy, Little Pink House and Buffalo Rider\"\".\" Soisson studied fine arts and character animation at Pratt Institute and film studies at the University of Southern California and the American Film Institute. Soisson has written, produced, and directed numerous feature films since producing the breakout hit Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure. He worked extensively with production companies such as New Line Cinema, DeLaurentiis Entertainment Group and The Weinstein","title":"Joel Soisson"},{"id":"8856756","text":"TV Specials. Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \"Critters\" followed by the hit comedy \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. He then directed \"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \"The Mighty Ducks\" in 1992, \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake","title":"Stephen Herek"},{"id":"1875172","text":"plus a two week honeymoon\" have passed for them. They begin to perform a stunning rock ballad, joined by Death, Station, and the good robots. The worldwide broadcast set by De Nomolos continues, and Wyld Stallyns' music is played across the globe, creating harmony. Over the credits, it's shown through newspaper articles that the band, along with Death, go through many perks of fame before eventually taking their act to Mars. Progressive Rock/Metal band Primus appear as themselves during Battle of the Bands, performing Tommy the Cat As was particularly common at the time, the soundtrack album focuses on the","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"},{"id":"13634140","text":"from a popular film of that year, with appearances by a host of villains, heroes, and celebrities. The show usually includes elaborate dance numbers, stunts, and multiple double-entendres for the late night event crowd. In 2013, the Hollywood version of the show was cancelled in the middle of its run following complaints of homophobic humor. On August 15, 2017, Universal announced that 2017 will be the final year of Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure in Orlando. And on November 4, 2017, Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure came to a final close, but not before a surprise appearance of","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"5511496","text":"Lonigan\"), Shor produced (and reprised his role in) his own version of Jellicoe's play, changing the setting from London to New York. Three months later, the set from the production was used in Billy Idol's classic music video for the song \"Dancing With Myself\". Shor's acting credits include \"Air Force One\", \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\", \"Tron\", \"Red Rock West\", and John Huston's \"Wise Blood\". Television films and mini-series include \"Friendly Fire\", \"Elvis and the Colonel\" and \"The Blue and the Gray\" (for which Shor won a People's Choice Award). He was a series regular on \"Cagney and Lacey\" and","title":"Dan Shor"},{"id":"3639375","text":"Diedrich Bader Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for appearing in comedies, including the films \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", \"Office Space\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"Napoleon Dynamite\" and the sitcoms \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Veep\", \"Outsourced\" and \"American Housewife\". He is also a voice actor for multiple animated series; some of his roles include Batman on \"\" and \"\", android Zeta in \"The Zeta Project\", Warp Darkmatter in \"Buzz Lightyear of Star Command\", the Fiskerton Phantom in \"The Secret Saturdays\" and his recurring role as Hoss Delgado in \"The Grim Adventures of","title":"Diedrich Bader"},{"id":"16893910","text":"2014. The film's soundtrack was released by Universal Republic on June 26, 2015. It features the score by Walter Murphy and songs co-written by Seth MacFarlane and Murphy, including \"Mean Ol’ Moon\", which is performed by Amanda Seyfried and Norah Jones separately. The soundtrack also includes \"Mess Around\" by Ray Charles, \"One Foot in Front of the Other\" by Bone Symphony and \"New York\" by Alfred Newman. All tracks by Walter Murphy except where indicated. On January 27, 2015, the film's teaser poster was released. This was followed two days later by its trailer. The film premiered on June 24,","title":"Ted 2"},{"id":"3484368","text":"film \"Rudy\". Snow also appeared in 2006's \"They're Just My Friends\" and co-stars alongside Tiger Chung Lee in 2009's \"Mountain Mafia\". In 2006 he played himself in the independent feature film The Still Life. Snow can also be seen as the brutal serial killer Grim, also known as \"The Reaper's\", in \"Feathered Italian Films\" latest slasher films \"The Legacy\" and \"Hell House\". Head also cameos in \"The Legacy\". He was one of the leads in the 2011 comedy/action/sci-fi movie \"Overtime\" by director Matt Niehoff. Snow had a quick line in the wrestling documentary \"Beyond the Mat\". He also participated in","title":"Al Snow"},{"id":"4392494","text":"Lazarian wrote an episode of \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\" with the episode's storyboard artist C. H. Greenblatt, entitled \"Keeper of the Reaper\". Horvitz first appeared in the 1976 Freshen Up Gum commercial, which led to other commercial appearances and several hand modeling jobs. After a brief stint in an off-Broadway production of \"Oliver!\", he went on to make appearances on television seeies such as \"Kids Incorporated\" and \"Safe at Home\" and films, such as \"Summer School\", \"How I Got Into College\" and \"Deadly Weapon\". He also starred as Howie for two seasons on the 1988 syndicated television","title":"Richard Steven Horvitz"},{"id":"15212078","text":"on Fox Kids, and produced by DIC Entertainment. As Fox was also planning on airing a new live-action version series with the same name, the cast was replaced, and the leads were now voiced by Evan Richards and Christopher Kennedy, the actors who respectively portrayed Bill and Ted on the short-lived 1992 live-action television series. The new episodes introduced a \"Squint\" phone booth that could take Bill and Ted into literature, television shows, and (after shrinking them) inside the human body. The new show had trouble catching on, and after one more season, the animated \"Bill & Ted\" series was","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series)"},{"id":"6753558","text":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book was a twelve-issue comic book series published in 1991–1992 and based on the Bill & Ted franchise. The series was nominated for a 1992 Eisner Award in the category of Best Humor Comic. The first two issues revolve around the efforts of Bill (Bill S. Preston, Esq.) and Ted (Theodore Logan) as they plan a party to celebrate their recent nuptials. Unfortunately the personification of mortality, Death, a more recent ally, becomes vastly out of sorts and steals the phone-booth time machine. Rufus, their old guide, helps by","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book"},{"id":"6437347","text":"Paul Blackthorne Paul Blackthorne (born 5 March 1969) is an English actor. Although born in Shropshire, England, he spent his early childhood on British Military bases in both England and Germany. Blackthorne broke into acting via television commercials in England. His breakthrough commercial in the UK came in the Grim Reaper commercial for Virgin Atlantic, which was hugely successful. Numerous radio commercials followed. Blackthorne's first film role was in the highly successful 2001 Bollywood film \"Lagaan\". Since then, he has mostly appeared in American films and television shows. He had recurring roles in the American series \"ER\" and \"24\", both","title":"Paul Blackthorne"},{"id":"7731976","text":"Jeffrey Dean Morgan Jeffrey Dean Morgan (born April 22, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as John Winchester on the fantasy horror series \"Supernatural\" (2005–07), Denny Duquette on the medical drama series \"Grey's Anatomy\" (2006–09), The Comedian in the superhero film \"Watchmen\" (2009), Jason Crouse on the political drama series \"The Good Wife\" (2015–16), Negan on the horror drama series \"The Walking Dead\" (2016–present), and Harvey Russell in \"Rampage\" (2018). Morgan was born in Seattle, Washington, to Sandy Thomas and Richard Dean Morgan. He attended Ben Franklin Elementary School, Rose Hill Junior High, and Lake","title":"Jeffrey Dean Morgan"},{"id":"18673374","text":"Ned, Isabella Amara as Sally, Tiffany Espensen as Cindy, and Ethan Dizon as Tiny; and Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther from \"Black Panther\", with Danai Gurira as Okoye, Letitia Wright as Shuri, Winston Duke as M'Baku, and Florence Kasumba as Ayo. Sebastian Stan also appears as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier from the \"Captain America\" films, along with Tom Hiddleston as Loki and Idris Elba as Heimdall from the \"Thor\" and \"Avengers\" films; \"Iron Man\" supporting actress Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts; Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector from \"Guardians of the Galaxy\"; William Hurt","title":"Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame"},{"id":"26456","text":"Ardal O'Hanlon Ardal O'Hanlon (; born 8 October 1965) is an Irish comedian and actor. He played Father Dougal McGuire in \"Father Ted\", George Sunday/Thermoman in \"My Hero\", and DI Jack Mooney in \"Death in Paradise\". Ardal O'Hanlon was born on 8 October 1965 in Carrickmacross, County Monaghan, the son of politician and doctor Rory O'Hanlon and Teresa Ward. He has five siblings. The episode of \"Who Do You Think You Are?\" which aired on 6 October 2008 revealed that O'Hanlon's paternal grandfather, Michael O'Hanlon, was a UCD medicine student who had joined the IRA during the Irish War of","title":"Ardal O'Hanlon"},{"id":"10905647","text":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture is the licensed soundtrack to the 1991 Orion Pictures film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". It was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 1991 on CD and cassette formats. In Japan it was released on August 25, 1991. Unlike the soundtrack to the film's predecessor, \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", this soundtrack features music from artists well-known at the time of the film's release. Many of these songs, such as Faith No More's \"The Perfect Crime\" and Megadeth's \"Go","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture"},{"id":"13634139","text":"1991 by Off the Wall Productions and IntraCorp, Inc. under contract by Capstone Software and followed the original film very closely. The annual Halloween Horror Nights events at Universal Studios Orlando and Hollywood have featured since 1992 (Orlando) and 1997-1999/2007 (Hollywood) Bill & Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure, a show satirizing pop culture of the year with Bill & Ted as the protagonists fighting villains who steal their phone booth for their own schemes. The show differs from year to year, with spoofs of various pop culture icons. The main plot involves Bill and Ted being threatened by an evil villain","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"16659559","text":"Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,","title":"Avengers: Age of Ultron"},{"id":"19741935","text":"Don McManus Don McManus (sometimes credited as Don R. McManus) is an American film actor, with feature credits including \"Vice, \"Grand Piano\", \"Under the Silver Lake\", \"The Maze Runner\", \"Lucky Bastard\", \"Lovelace\", \"Dark Around the Stars\", \"For A Good Time, Call\", \"Magnolia\", \"The Shawshank Redemption\", \"Under the Tuscan Sun\", \"National Treasure\", \"Hannibal\", \"Air Force One\",\" and \"The Congress\". And TV credits including: \"Sorry For Your Loss\", \"Mom\", \"Supernatural\", \"Castle\", \"Justified\", \"The Newsroom\", \"24\", \"Northern Exposure\", \"Franklin & Bash\", \"NCIS\", \"Private Practice\", \"Parks and Recreation\", \"Boston Legal\", \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Dexter\", \"Seinfeld\", \"Frasier\", \"Nip/Tuck\", \"The Closer\", \"CSI\", \"Party of Five\", \"Mad About","title":"Don McManus"},{"id":"12029536","text":"tell you these long stories.\" Christopher Timothy added: \"I found myself getting quite moved when I watched an episode recently – not because of what we were doing, but because all those lovely people are no longer with us. John Sharp was a lovely, lovely man.\" Bill Hartley (Peter Martin, who also plays Arthur Handshaw in series 1 and 2), meanwhile, is a relatively good-natured client, compared to the perpetually disgruntled Ted Grimsdale (Bryan Pringle). \"Peter Martin was fantastic,\" remembered Peter Davison. \"He was mainly known then for the Jewson commercials. He was just very funny. He played two parts","title":"All Creatures Great and Small (TV series)"},{"id":"8163957","text":"a big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on \"Billboard'\"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album \"The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1\"","title":"God Gave Rock and Roll to You"},{"id":"4502682","text":"George Eastman (actor) George Eastman (born Luigi Montefiori; August 16, 1942) is an Italian B-movie actor and screenwriter well known for his frequent collaborations with notorious director Joe D'Amato. He is most famous for his role as the insane, cannibalistic serial killer Klaus Wortmann in the gory 1980 horror film \"Antropophagus\" (aka \"The Grim Reaper\"). He also played a similar role in its 1981 follow-up, \"Absurd\". Both films were directed by D'Amato and written by Eastman. Eastman was born in 1942 in Genoa, Italy and studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome and at the Drama School held","title":"George Eastman (actor)"},{"id":"1715993","text":"Sant repeatedly explores in his films). The film won him an Independent Spirit Award for his screenplay (he had won the same award for his \"Drugstore Cowboy\" screenplay), as well as greater prestige. The film also gained River Phoenix best actor honors at the Venice Film Festival among others. In addition, it helped Reeves—previously best known for his work in the \"Bill and Ted\" movies—to get the critical respect that had previously eluded him. Van Sant's next film, a 1993 adaptation of Tom Robbins' \"Even Cowgirls Get the Blues\", was an excessive flop, both commercially and critically. Featuring an unusually","title":"Gus Van Sant"},{"id":"2056495","text":"Award for Best Supporting Actor. He and Cameron collaborated again on \"True Lies\" (1994) and \"Titanic\" (1997), the latter of which was the highest-grossing film of all time at its release. In his other roles, Paxton played Morgan Earp in \"Tombstone\" (1993), Fred Haise in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), the male lead in \"Twister\" (1996), and lead roles in dark dramas such as \"One False Move\" (1992) and \"A Simple Plan\" (1998). In 1990, he co-starred with Charlie Sheen and Michael Biehn in \"Navy Seals\". Paxton directed the feature films \"Frailty\" (2001), in which he also starred, and \"The Greatest Game","title":"Bill Paxton"},{"id":"7200738","text":"Jeremy Renner Jeremy Lee Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor. He appeared largely in independent films, such as \"Dahmer\" (2002) and \"Neo Ned\" (2005). Renner appeared in supporting roles in bigger films, such as \"S.W.A.T.\" (2003) and \"28 Weeks Later\" (2007). Renner was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in \"The Hurt Locker\" (2008) and for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his much-praised performance in \"The Town\" (2010). Renner played Hawkeye in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \"Thor\" (2011), \"The\" \"Avengers\" (2012), \"\" (2015) and \"\" (2016). He also","title":"Jeremy Renner"},{"id":"5645674","text":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure is an action-adventure video game that is part of the Bill & Ted franchise and is based on the film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" which was released in North America by Acclaim Entertainment under their LJN label for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . The game's plot is not an adaptation of the movie, but rather serves as an original continuation to the film's events. The story begins when Rufus summons Bill S. Preston Esq. and \"Ted\" Theodore Logan for a mission. The boys arrive","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure"},{"id":"15454257","text":"of four, citing the film as \"the best comedy screenplay so far [this year],\" also praising the film on the fact that it \"doesn't run out of steam.\" Nathan Rabin of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the film a \"B\" grade. Brent McNight of \"Beyond Hollywood\" commented on the jokes: \"Some of these jokes hit, some jokes miss.\" On the other hand, A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" called \"Ted\" \"boring, lazy and wildly unoriginal.\" The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on December 11, 2012 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. Both formats featured","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"5773696","text":"Chelcie Ross Chelcie Claude Ross (born June 20, 1942) is an American character actor, most known for \"Major League\", \"Basic Instinct\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"Hoosiers\" and \"The Ballad of Buster Scruggs\". He served in Vietnam as an officer in the United States Air Force where he had been awarded a Bronze Star, and earned an MFA from the Dallas Theater Center. He left the air force in 1970. His son, Ian Ross, plays bass in the band John 5 and The Creatures, the instrumental group fronted by guitarist John 5 (Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie.) In 2007, Ross appeared,","title":"Chelcie Ross"},{"id":"9329903","text":"2012 comedy film starring, and written and directed by Heidecker and Wareheim. Supporting actors include Zach Galifianakis, Will Ferrell, Jeff Goldblum, John C. Reilly, Erica Durance, and Will Forte, Bob Ross, many of whom guest-starred on Awesome Show. It was released in theaters on March 2, 2012, and was released to iTunes and on-demand January 27, 2013. Adult Swim picked up \"Tim and Eric's Bedtime Stories\" after the pilot episode aired as a Halloween special on October 31, 2013, with a seven-episode season debuting on September 18, 2014. The series, which aired an additional two episodes in 2015, is an","title":"Tim & Eric"},{"id":"4202419","text":"with US born, Italian multi instrumentalist and songwriter Pietro Straccia to form a new psychedelic, pop, electronic duo Elettrodomestico. Their debut album, \"If You're A Boy Or A Girl\", was independently released on October 20, 2017. Wiedlin's early acting credits include a brief appearance as an officer seen on a Starfleet Command video screen in \"\" (1986, she is credited as Alien Communication Officer, but the script listed her as Officer Trillya), an ill-fated singing telegram girl in \"Clue\" (1985), the White Fairy in Golan-Globus's \"Sleeping Beauty\" (1987), and as Joan of Arc in \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" (1989).","title":"Jane Wiedlin"},{"id":"3175641","text":"The Great White Hype The Great White Hype is a 1996 American sports comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Berg, Damon Wayans, Jeff Goldblum, Jon Lovitz, Cheech Marin, John Rhys-Davies, Salli Richardson and Jamie Foxx. The film is a satire of racial preferences in boxing, and was inspired by Larry Holmes's 1982 fight with Gerry Cooney (who was known as \"The Great White Hope\") and Mike Tyson's 1995 return fight vs. Peter McNeeley. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released on May 3, 1996. James \"The Grim Reaper\" Roper (Damon Wayans),","title":"The Great White Hype"},{"id":"1875174","text":"of 48 surveyed critics gave \"Bogus Journey\" a positive review; the average rating was 6/10. The film's consensus states: \"\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" has the same stars – and cheerfully wacky sense of humor – as its predecessor, but they prove a far less effective combination the second time around.\" Desson Howe of \"The Washington Post\" called it \"an entertaining, surreal journey\" that is \"funnier and livelier than the original.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" called it \"amusing but sloppy and overcomplicated\". Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of a possible 4 stars, writing, \"It's the","title":"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"},{"id":"5251736","text":"Jason Sudeikis Daniel Jason Sudeikis ( ; born September 18, 1975) is an American comedian, actor, screenwriter and producer. In the 1990s, he began his career in improv comedy. He has also performed with ComedySportz and The Second City. In 2003, Sudeikis was hired as a sketch writer for \"Saturday Night Live\" and was a cast member from 2005 to 2013. He is best known for his roles in the films \"Horrible Bosses\" (2011), \"Hall Pass\" (2011), \"We're the Millers\" (2013), \"Horrible Bosses 2\" (2014), \"Colossal\" (2016), \"Mother's Day\" (2016) and \"The Angry Birds Movie\" (2016). Daniel Jason Sudeikis was","title":"Jason Sudeikis"},{"id":"15785930","text":"to working in the entertainment industry, Cort earned BA and MA degrees in history from the University of Pennsylvania and an MBA from the Wharton School, and was a management consultant for McKinsey & Company. He lives in Beverly Hills, California, with his wife, Rosalie Swedlin, a manager of writers and directors. Robert W. Cort Robert W. Cort is an American film producer. Since 1985 he has produced forty-eight feature films which have grossed over 2.5 billion dollars in worldwide box office. These include \"Three Men and a Baby\", \"Cocktail\", \"Jumanji\", \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", \"\", \"The Cutting Edge\",","title":"Robert W. Cort"},{"id":"13634132","text":"became confused about who was who. In earlier drafts of the script, Rufus was 28 years old and historical figures Bill and Ted plucked from history included Charlemagne (whom they referred to as \"Charlie Mangay\"), Babe Ruth, and a non-famous medieval person called \"John the Serf\". John is listed in the credits. In a 1991 interview, co-writer Ed Solomon said the characters of Bill and Ted were originally envisaged as \"14-year-old skinny guys, with low-rider bell-bottoms and heavy metal T-shirts\" who were despised by the popular kids at school. Casting Reeves and Winter changed the filmmakers' images of the characters","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"17362435","text":"Matheson and the brother of Ali Marie Matheson. He is a graduate of University of California, Los Angeles. Chris Matheson (screenwriter) Chris Matheson is an American film director and screenwriter. Matheson is best known for his collaborations with fellow screenwriter Ed Solomon, together creating the \"Bill & Ted\" franchise, writing the two films \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". Together they also wrote the films \"Mom and Dad Save the World\" and \"Imagine That\". His 2015 book \"\" is an alternative interpretation of the Christian Bible as seen through the eyes of an atheist. He","title":"Chris Matheson (screenwriter)"},{"id":"13634150","text":"1980s California, can only communicate with his abductors by gesturing and gurning – since Bill and Ted, it goes without saying, speak not a word of ancient Greek. Even the miracle of time travel, it appears, cannot serve to alter what is, for any historian, a most awkward fact: that it is impossible to be certain of what Socrates actually said. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin.","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"3231095","text":"execution order was given at 6:07 a.m. PDT, and Harris died at 6:21 a.m. PDT. His body was removed from the chamber at 7:00 a.m. and was taken to a funeral home at 8:15 a.m. Harris' execution is specifically remembered for his choice of final words (recorded by Warden Daniel Vasquez): \"You can be a king or a street sweeper, but everybody dances with the grim reaper.\" It was the subject of a 1995 Dutch documentary film, \"Procedure 769, witness to an execution\". This line was also used in the 1991 film 'Bill and Teds Bogus Journey' before being said","title":"Robert Alton Harris"},{"id":"4406938","text":"man at age 13 while he was acting on Broadway. Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" and its 1991 sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \"The Lost Boys\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \"Freaked\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was","title":"Alex Winter"},{"id":"15454256","text":"1.7 million in Colombia. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 211 reviews with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Ted\"s \"romance versus bromance\" plot is familiar, but the film's held aloft by the high-concept central premise and a very funny (albeit inconsistent) script.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 62 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A-\" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"13634141","text":"Rufus. \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\" grossed $40.4 million domestically on a budget of about $10 million. \"The Washington Post\" gave the film a negative review, finding the script written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon as \"made only the sketchiest attempts to draw their historical characters. They exist as foils and nothing else, and the gags that are hung on them are far from first-rate\", and that if director \"Stephen Herek, has any talent for comedy, it's not visible here. More than anything, the picture looks paltry and undernourished.\" \"Variety\" wrote about each historical figure that Bill & Ted","title":"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"},{"id":"16398277","text":"Christopher Cousins Christopher Cousins (born September 27, 1960) is an American actor who has been acting mainly in television since 1986. He is best known for playing conman Cain Rogan in forty-one episodes on the soap opera \"One Life to Live\" in the early and mid-1990s. Between 2009 and 2013, he played Ted Beneke in thirteen episodes of the AMC series \"Breaking Bad\". In 2013 and 2014, he played Victor Doyle in seven episodes of the NBC series \"Revolution\". Notable film roles include David Williams in \"Untraceable\" (2008), the villain Daniel in \"Wicker Park\" (2004), Bill in \"The Grudge 2\"","title":"Christopher Cousins"},{"id":"15454259","text":"to make a sequel to \"Ted\" \"as soon as possible\". On \"Anderson Live\", Wahlberg confirmed that a sequel was in the works and that it would be the first sequel in his career, while also revealing that he and Ted (as voiced by MacFarlane) would appear at the 85th Academy Awards. In February 2014, \"Deadline\" reported that Amanda Seyfried had been cast as the female lead, and that Kunis would not return. On July 8, MacFarlane announced that work had officially begun on the sequel. \"Ted 2\" was released in the US on June 26, 2015. Ted (film) Ted is","title":"Ted (film)"},{"id":"18241276","text":"taste.\" Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is a 2016 American action mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown. The film is the sequel to \"The Da Vinci Code\" (2006) and \"Angels & Demons\" (2009), and is the third installment in the \"Robert Langdon\" film series. It stars Tom Hanks, reprising his role as Robert Langdon, alongside Felicity Jones, Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen, Ben Foster, and Irrfan Khan. Together with the previous film, it remains Hanks' only live-action sequel. Filming began on April 27,","title":"Inferno (2016 film)"},{"id":"1390001","text":"Edward Norton Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films \"Primal Fear\" (1996), \"American History X\" (1998) and \"Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)\" (2014). He also starred in other roles, such as \"The People vs. Larry Flynt\" (1996), \"Fight Club\" (1999), \"Red Dragon\" (2002), \"25th Hour\" (2002), \"Kingdom of Heaven\" (2005), \"The Illusionist\" (2006), \"Moonrise Kingdom\" (2012) and \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\" (2014). He has also directed and co-written films, including his directorial debut, \"Keeping the Faith\" (2000). He","title":"Edward Norton"},{"id":"5000108","text":"in Screenwriting. He appeared alongside Julia Roberts and George Clooney in the 2016 film \"Money Monster\", directed by Jodie Foster. He also plays the male lead opposite Lindsey Shaw in the romantic comedy \"Temps\", which premiered at the Cinequest Film Festival in March 2016. Rosenmeyer was born in Manhasset, New York, the son of Debra and Colin Rosenmeyer. He grew up in Ridgefield, Connecticut and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 2012. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Grant Rosenmeyer Grant Mandel Rosenmeyer (born July 3, 1991) is","title":"Grant Rosenmeyer"},{"id":"5986215","text":"W. Earl Brown William Earl Brown (born September 7, 1963) is an American actor, writer, producer, and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Dan Dority on the HBO series \"Deadwood\". He also played Kenny in the 1996 film \"Scream\" and Warren in the 1998 film \"There's Something About Mary\". More recently, he voiced and filmed performance capture for the character Bill in Naughty Dog's 2013 survival horror action video game \"The Last of Us\". He also appeared in the series \"American Crime\" and \"Preacher\", and in the Johnny Depp true-crime film \"Black Mass\" (2015). Brown received","title":"W. Earl Brown"},{"id":"11638402","text":"David Snyder David L. Snyder (born September 22, 1944) is a film and television production designer. He has worked as an art director, producer, and assistant director on films including \"Blade Runner\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"The Whole Nine Yards\", and the television programs \"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\" and \"Battlestar Galactica\". He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on \"Blade Runner\" at the 55th Academy Awards. The film won the BAFTA for Production Design in 1983. Snyder was born in Buffalo, New York and attended the Technical High School there where","title":"David Snyder"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"15175292\",\n \"text\": \"of the Circle K. Solomon confirmed that they have Steven Soderbergh aboard for production of the film, along with Scott Kroopf, who produced the original films. They also have planned for William Sadler to return as the Grim Reaper. Pre-production of \\\"Face the Music\\\" was started in May 2018, with both Reeves and Winter confirmed to return to reprise their roles. The United States distribution will be handled by MGM under their Orion Pictures label. The international distribution rights are expected to be determined during the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, with Bloom Media negotiating these rights. The first season was\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175286\",\n \"text\": \"a pre-San Diego Comic-Con International interview, Alex Winter stated the storyline may also involve time travel to the prehistoric era, and the film would likely see a cameo by Eddie Van Halen as well as the return of Socrates and Billy the Kid, who appeared in the first movie. The current script does not feature William Sadler reprising his role as the Grim Reaper, but the screenwriters are looking for a way to include him, and Sadler has expressed interest in returning to the role. In August 2012, director Dean Parisot of \\\"Galaxy Quest\\\" and \\\"Red 2\\\" was attached to\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13895902\",\n \"text\": \"William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \\\"The Pacific\\\", in \\\"\\\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \\\"Roswell\\\", convict Heywood in \\\"The Shawshank Redemption\\\", Senator Vernon Trent in \\\"Hard to Kill\\\", and the Grim Reaper in \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \\\"Die Hard 2\\\". He played the character of President of the United States, Matthew Ellis, in \\\"Iron\",\n \"title\": \"William Sadler (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13895909\",\n \"text\": \"Possessions\\\", which was screened at SXSW. William Sadler (actor) William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in \\\"The Pacific\\\", in \\\"\\\", Sheriff Jim Valenti in \\\"Roswell\\\", convict Heywood in \\\"The Shawshank Redemption\\\", Senator Vernon Trent in \\\"Hard to Kill\\\", and the Grim Reaper in \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in \\\"Die Hard 2\\\". He played the character of President of the\",\n \"title\": \"William Sadler (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175281\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \\\"Bill\\\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \\\"Ted\\\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" film, \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". A third film, \\\"Bill & Ted Face the Music\\\", started pre-production in May 2018. In addition to the films, the franchise has spawned both an animated television series (with Winter and Reeves reprising their roles) and\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634136\",\n \"text\": \"indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film, confirming in April 2011 that a draft was complete. Winter said in March 2012 that he and Reeves both liked the finished script, which revisits the two characters after the changes of the past twenty years. The current script does not feature the return of the Grim Reaper from \\\"Bogus Journey\\\", but since actor William Sadler has expressed interest, the writers are considering ways to include the character. In August 2012, Dean Parisot (director of the sci-fi/comedy film \\\"Galaxy Quest)\\\" signed on to direct the film,\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13895906\",\n \"text\": \"Hard 2\\\" as Colonel Stuart, as Heywood in the 1994 prison drama \\\"The Shawshank Redemption\\\", the Grim Reaper in the 1991 comedy \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\" and as Brayker in \\\"Demon Knight\\\". He was also a series regular on the television series \\\"Roswell\\\" as Sheriff Jim Valenti and in \\\"Wonderfalls\\\" as Darrin Tyler. Other film credits include \\\"Trespass\\\", \\\"K-9\\\", \\\"Project X\\\", \\\"Disturbing Behavior\\\", \\\"Kinsey\\\", \\\"The Battle of Shaker Heights\\\", \\\"Purple Heart\\\", \\\"Jimmy and Judy\\\" and \\\"August Rush\\\". Sadler's TV guest appearances include \\\"In the Heat of the Night\\\", \\\"Roseanne\\\", \\\"Tru Calling\\\", \\\"Tour of Duty\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Numb3rs\\\", and \\\"\\\". He\",\n \"title\": \"William Sadler (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175293\",\n \"text\": \"produced by Hanna-Barbera and ran for 13 episodes on CBS in 1990, featured the voices of Carlin, Winter, and Reeves returning to their roles in the film. A second season of eight episodes ran on Fox Kids and was produced by DIC Entertainment, with none of the original cast. A later live-action series, featuring none of the cast from the film, included Christopher Kennedy as Bill and Evan Richards as Ted (who also voiced the same roles in the animated season produced by Dic). This version aired seven episodes in 1992 on Fox. A one-shot comic book adaptation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875165\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" franchise, and a sequel to \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989). Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter and George Carlin reprise their roles. The film's original working title was \\\"Bill & Ted Go to Hell\\\" and the film's soundtrack featured the song \\\"Go to Hell\\\" by Megadeth, which Dave Mustaine wrote for the film. Despite mixed reviews from film critics, like its predecessor, the film has since\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175282\",\n \"text\": \"a live-action television series in 1990 and 1992 respectively, video games, and comic books. Originally produced by Orion Pictures, the franchise ownership fell to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) following the purchase of Orion in 1997. The franchise is based on the characters of William \\\"Bill\\\" S. Preston Esq. (played by Alex Winter in the films) and Theodore \\\"Ted\\\" Logan (Keanu Reeves), two teenagers (as of 1989) living in San Dimas, California. Both are aspiring musicians, wanting to bring their own band \\\"Wyld Stallyns\\\" to fame, but both are also dim-witted. Unbeknownst to them, their music becomes the focal point for enlightenment that\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175297\",\n \"text\": \"following allegations by Jamie Lee Curtis Taete from \\\"Vice\\\" of homophobia and racism in that year's show. The show continued at Universal Studios Florida, until 2017. Bill & Ted Bill & Ted is an American comedy film series featuring William \\\"Bill\\\" S. Preston Esq. (Alex Winter) and Theodore \\\"Ted\\\" Logan (Keanu Reeves) as two metalhead slackers who travel through time. The first \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" film, \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\", was released on February 17, 1989, followed by a sequel two years later entitled \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". A third film, \\\"Bill & Ted Face the Music\\\", started\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10905650\",\n \"text\": \"featuring Steve Vai's intro have been made by fans. \\\"Dream of a New Day\\\" was previously released on Richie Kotzen's 1990 album \\\"Fever Dream\\\". \\\"Tommy the Cat\\\" was previously released on Primus' album \\\"Sailing the Seas of Cheese\\\". In this version, the title character Tommy was voiced by singer songwriter Tom Waits. Notably, the track \\\"The Reaper Rap\\\", a reprise of Steve Vai's \\\"The Reaper\\\", features not only sound bytes of dialog heard in the film, but also dialog from the film's deleted scenes now believed to be lost. Portions of \\\"The Reaper Rap\\\" are absent in the film during\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5588538\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \\\"Grim & Evil\\\" and its spin-off \\\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\\\". He is also known for voicing Brother 6 and Rokutaro in \\\"Afro Samurai\\\" and Aku Aku in the \\\"Crash Bandicoot\\\" video game franchise. Eagles was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Eagles is especially known as the voice of The Grim Reaper in \\\"Grim & Evil\\\" and \\\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\\\" from Cartoon Network. In some of his appearances,\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Eagles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5588540\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Alvarez. He is planning to turn the pilot into a full TV-series when it gets picked up, even making an online opening sequence and full theme song. The cartoon short also had a Kickstarter and a now-lost Indiegogo campaign for a video game adaption, \\\"Teapot Rap it Up!\\\" but the project failed to reach its $2,500 goal. – Blanco Greg Eagles Gregory Eagles (born October 28, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer. He is best known for voicing the Grim Reaper in \\\"Grim & Evil\\\" and its spin-off \\\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Greg Eagles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"219688\",\n \"text\": \"Keanu Reeves Keanu Charles Reeves ( ; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and musician. He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films, including comedies from the \\\"Bill and Ted\\\" franchise (1989–1991); action thrillers \\\"Point Break\\\" (1991), \\\"Speed\\\" (1994), and the \\\"John Wick\\\" franchise; psychological thriller \\\"The Devil's Advocate\\\" (1997); supernatural thriller \\\"Constantine\\\" (2005); and science fiction/action series \\\"The Matrix\\\" (1999–2003). He has also appeared in dramatic films such as \\\"Dangerous Liaisons\\\" (1988), \\\"My Own Private Idaho\\\" (1991), and \\\"Little Buddha\\\" (1993), as well as the romantic horror \\\"Bram Stoker's Dracula\\\" (1992).\",\n \"title\": \"Keanu Reeves\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175289\",\n \"text\": \"Show\\\", Reeves confirmed that \\\"Bill & Ted 3\\\" is still being planned, stating, \\\"Yes, they want to do that. The writers wrote a script, which is a really cool idea and Alex Winter and I – Alex played Bill, I played Ted – so we're trying to get it made\\\". In April 2016, Alex Winter told Forbes that they have a script, a director and a studio and that there had been a plan to film by early 2017. Reeves gave an update on the film in February 2017 during an interview on \\\"The Graham Norton Show\\\" saying the story\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2718666\",\n \"text\": \"School of the Arts. He took part in the Sundance Institute's June Lab. , he was scheduled to direct the third installment of the Bill and Ted franchise. It was confirmed in May 2018 that \\\"Bill & Ted Face the Music\\\" was currently in pre-production. Dean Parisot was married to film editor Sally Menke until her death in 2010; the couple had two children. Dean Parisot Aldo L. \\\"Dean\\\" Parisot is an American film and television director. He won the 1988 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for \\\"The Appointments of Dennis Jennings\\\", which was co-written and starred\",\n \"title\": \"Dean Parisot\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10245316\",\n \"text\": \"(Sam and Sock's co-worker and friend) and Josie (Sock's ex-girlfriend) were found in the same month when Rick Gonzalez and Valarie Rae Miller were cast. Anthony Head and James Marsters auditioned for the role of the devil before Ray Wise was cast in the part in mid-March. Kyle Switzer was cast as Sam's younger brother Keith. Keith's name would later be changed to Kyle, and was written out of the show after two episodes. Donovan Stinson and Andrew Airlie rounded out the cast as Ted Gallagher and John Oliver, Sam's boss and father respectively. In July 2008, it was announced\",\n \"title\": \"Reaper (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175285\",\n \"text\": \"Wyld Stallyns' performance at the Battle of the Bands, which takes place later that night. In 2010, Reeves indicated that Matheson and Solomon were working on a script for a third film. Winter has stated that the role of Rufus (previously played by the late George Carlin) would not be recast. In April 2011, Reeves stated that a third film was close to happening. On April 24, 2011, Winter tweeted that the script for the third installment had been finished. The plot was suspected to be about Bill and Ted writing a song that could save the world, although in\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8283090\",\n \"text\": \"Robert V. Barron Robert V. Barron (born Robert V. Nemiroff; December 26, 1932 – December 1, 2000) was an American TV and film director, producer, screenwriter and actor best known for his role as the voice of Admiral Donald Hayes in the 1980s animated TV series \\\"Robotech\\\", of which he also served as the supervising producer. He is also well known for playing the role of Abraham Lincoln in \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" in 1989. Tall, gaunt, rawboned character actor with deep voice, reminiscent of John Carradine. Barron's attended Morris Harvey College in Charleston, West Virginia, and later UCLA.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert V. Barron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454236\",\n \"text\": \"Ted (film) Ted is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Seth MacFarlane and written by MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin, and Wellesley Wild. The film stars Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis, with Joel McHale and Giovanni Ribisi in supporting roles, with MacFarlane providing the voice and motion capture of the title character. The film tells the story of John Bennett, a Boston native whose childhood wish brings his teddy bear friend Ted to life. However, in adulthood, Ted prevents John and his love interest Lori Collins from moving on with their lives. The film is MacFarlane's feature-length directorial debut, produced by\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4406929\",\n \"text\": \"Club. After completing NYU film school, he and Tom Stern moved out to Hollywood, where the two wrote and directed a number of short films and music videos. Winter continued to find work as an actor, landing notable roles in such big productions as \\\"The Lost Boys\\\" and \\\"Rosalie Goes Shopping\\\". In 1989, Winter found international success when he co-starred with Keanu Reeves as Bill S. Preston in the smash-hit comedy \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" and its 1991 sequel, \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". Following the success of \\\"Bill & Ted\\\", Winter and creative collaborators Tom Stern and Tim\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Winter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875176\",\n \"text\": \"Maltin also gave \\\"Bogus Journey\\\" 2½ stars, a half-star more than he gave to \\\"Excellent Adventure.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\" wrote that the film has \\\"a few triumphant moments, but not enough to sustain pic's running time.\\\" To coincide with the release of the movie, Marvel Comics released a one-shot comic book adaptation of the movie, hiring Evan Dorkin to adapt the screenplay and pencil the art. Like Archie Goodwin's adaptation of the first \\\"Star Wars\\\" film, Dorkin worked from the original script, which included many of the deleted scenes, and portrayed Death as the archetypal skeletal figure. Due to the popularity of\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18741460\",\n \"text\": \"John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989), \\\"The Black Stallion\\\" (1979) and \\\"The Sin Eater\\\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand,\",\n \"title\": \"John Karlsen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5511494\",\n \"text\": \"Dan Shor Daniel Shor (born November 16, 1956) is an American actor, director, writer, and teacher with a career spanning over 30 years. His most recognized roles include Enoch Emery in John Huston's \\\"Wise Blood\\\", Ram in \\\"Tron\\\" (1982) and Billy the Kid in \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989). Shor was born and raised in New York City. He attended McBurney School from the 6th through the 8th grade. His mother, who was an actress, died when he was 14. He graduated from Elisabeth Irwin High School (June 1974) and began at Northwestern University that fall. He studied at\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Shor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2832743\",\n \"text\": \"Stellan Skarsgård Stellan John Skarsgård (; born 13 June 1951) is a Swedish actor. He is known for his roles as Jan Nyman in \\\"Breaking the Waves\\\" (1996), Captain Tupolev in \\\"The Hunt for Red October\\\" (1990), Prof. Gerald Lambeau in \\\"Good Will Hunting\\\" (1997), Bootstrap Bill Turner in \\\"\\\" (2006) and \\\"\\\" (2007), Bill Anderson in \\\"Mamma Mia!\\\" (2008) and the sequel \\\"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\\\" (2018), Commander Maximilian Richter in \\\"Angels and Demons\\\" (2009), Martin Vanger in \\\"The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo\\\" (2011), Dr. Erik Selvig in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \\\"Thor\\\" (2011), \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Stellan Skarsgård\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2056490\",\n \"text\": \"Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \\\"The Terminator\\\" (1984), \\\"Weird Science\\\" (1985), \\\"Aliens\\\" (1986), \\\"Predator 2\\\" (1990), \\\"Tombstone\\\" (1993), \\\"True Lies\\\" (1994), \\\"Apollo 13\\\" (1995), \\\"Twister\\\" (1996), \\\"Titanic\\\" (1997), \\\"Mighty Joe Young\\\" (1998), \\\"U-571\\\" (2000), \\\"Vertical Limit\\\" (2000), \\\"Edge of Tomorrow\\\" (2014), and \\\"Nightcrawler\\\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \\\"Big Love\\\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for portraying Randall\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Paxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4406926\",\n \"text\": \"Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" and its 1991 sequel \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \\\"The Lost Boys\\\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \\\"Freaked\\\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was a former Martha Graham dancer who founded a modern-dance company\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Winter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4406932\",\n \"text\": \"Network in November 2009 and captured over 16 million viewers in its premiere weekend. He has reportedly been chosen to write the screenplay for the Howard Stern-produced remake of \\\"Rock 'n' Roll High School\\\". His latest project is a 3D-remake of the 1987 horror film \\\"The Gate\\\" which was scheduled for release in 2011. In April 2011, Winter's \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" co-star Keanu Reeves confirmed that a third installment of the film series was underway. Winter's confirmed work on \\\"Bill & Ted 3\\\" was still in progress in a 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary. In 2016, Winter\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Winter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454245\",\n \"text\": \"skeptical about the film's future success owing to its R-rating. Subsequently, Fox backed out and MacFarlane began to take the project somewhere else. On April 12, 2010, Universal Pictures announced that it had acquired the full rights to \\\"Ted\\\" after it agreed to a $65 million budget he requested. On October 26, 2010, Mark Wahlberg joined in the project as the lead actor. Two months later on December 14, Mila Kunis, the voice actress for Meg Griffin from \\\"Family Guy\\\", also joined in the cast. On February 23, 2011, Giovanni Ribisi joined Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in \\\"Ted\\\". Filming\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175284\",\n \"text\": \"time and meet historical figures and learn about key historical events. If Bill and Ted fail to pass, their teacher will have to flunk them and Ted's father will transfer him to an Alaskan military academy, which will lead to Wyld Stallyns never forming, in turn destroying the future. \\\"Bogus Journey\\\" sees Bill and Ted being killed by robot doubles who capture their fiancées, and their attempts to get back from the afterlife by challenging the Grim Reaper to a series of games. Bill and Ted (along with the Grim Reaper) eventually return to present-day Earth just prior to the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2056501\",\n \"text\": \"and Ginnifer Goodwin. Sevigny remembered Paxton as: Bill Paxton William Paxton (May 17, 1955 – February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as \\\"The Terminator\\\" (1984), \\\"Weird Science\\\" (1985), \\\"Aliens\\\" (1986), \\\"Predator 2\\\" (1990), \\\"Tombstone\\\" (1993), \\\"True Lies\\\" (1994), \\\"Apollo 13\\\" (1995), \\\"Twister\\\" (1996), \\\"Titanic\\\" (1997), \\\"Mighty Joe Young\\\" (1998), \\\"U-571\\\" (2000), \\\"Vertical Limit\\\" (2000), \\\"Edge of Tomorrow\\\" (2014), and \\\"Nightcrawler\\\" (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series \\\"Big Love\\\" (2006–2011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Paxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18741461\",\n \"text\": \"at the age of 97. John Karlsen John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 – 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989), \\\"The Black Stallion\\\" (1979) and \\\"The Sin Eater\\\" (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films. Karlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s. His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television. Karlsen died on 5 July\",\n \"title\": \"John Karlsen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18366415\",\n \"text\": \"Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \\\"The Avengers\\\" and 2015's \\\"\\\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony\",\n \"title\": \"Avengers: Infinity War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175296\",\n \"text\": \"Excellent Adventure\\\" that was released in North America by LJN for the Nintendo Entertainment System. \\\"Wyld Stallyns\\\" is an action-RPG video game based on the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" universe was released by Built Games in 2018 for iOS and Android devices. Bill & Ted also feature in an annual live-action show at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood during Halloween Horror Nights. Typically the show will parody the past year's worth of notable pop culture events, featuring locally cast performers as the title characters. In 2013, the Universal Studios Hollywood \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure\\\" show was cancelled\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875179\",\n \"text\": \"write the song it’s not just the world, it’s the universe. So they have to save the universe because time is breaking apart.” On May 8, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that a third film, \\\"Bill & Ted: Face the Music\\\", was officially in pre-production with Dean Parisot directing. No release date has been announced yet. Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey is a 1991 American science fiction comedy film, and the directing debut of Pete Hewitt. It is the second film in the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" franchise, and a sequel to \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15212077\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series) Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures is a 1990 animated television series spinoff from the 1989 film of the same title, following the misadventures of two time-travelling slackers as they travel into the distant past and future. It is part of the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" franchise. The first season of the animated series was produced by Hanna-Barbera and aired on CBS in 1990, with Keanu Reeves, Alex Winter, George Carlin, and Bernie Casey reprising their film roles. For the second season in 1991, the animated series switched production companies and networks, now airing\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454246\",\n \"text\": \"began in May 2011 in Boston, Norwood and other locations in Massachusetts. The film was scheduled for release in the United States on July 13, 2012, but it was moved up to June 29, both to avoid competition with \\\"\\\" (20th Century Fox) and following the delay of \\\"\\\" (Paramount Pictures/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer). Internationally, the film was released in Australia on July 5, 2012, and on August 1, 2012 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The film's soundtrack was released by Universal Republic Records on June 26, 2012. It features the score by Walter Murphy and songs by various artists such as\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16893900\",\n \"text\": \"Ted 2 Ted 2 is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Seth MacFarlane and written by MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild, and is a sequel to the 2012 film \\\"Ted\\\". The film stars Mark Wahlberg and MacFarlane, and follows the talking teddy bear Ted as he fights for civil rights in order to be recognized as a person. The film also stars Amanda Seyfried (who replaces Mila Kunis as Wahlberg's love interest), with Giovanni Ribisi and Jessica Barth reprising their roles and John Slattery and Morgan Freeman joining the cast. Principal photography began in Massachusetts in July 2014.\",\n \"title\": \"Ted 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634143\",\n \"text\": \"concluding: \\\"Make no mistake, \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" […] is not a satire of mindlessness; it's unabashed glorification of dumbness for dumbness' sake. Bill and Ted are heroic in their ability to reduce some of history's great minds to their level. However, writing for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Alan Jones decided: \\\"A nonstop giggle from start to finish, this beguiling grab-bag of time-travel clichés, hard-rock music and Valley-speaking cool dudes is a flawless, purpose-built junk movie\\\". The film has a 78% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 46 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads:\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6537931\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Camilleri Terrance Camilleri (born 1949) is a Maltese-born Australian actor who has performed actively in both the United Kingdom and United States. He is best recognized for portraying Emperor Napoleon I in the blockbuster comedy film \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989). Camilleri was born in Malta, and made his feature film debut in Peter Weir's 1974 film \\\"The Cars That Ate Paris\\\". He appeared in the 1983 sequel film \\\"Superman III\\\". He also made a cameo appearance in Weir's \\\"The Truman Show\\\". Other appearances include as Special Branch police officer Hemmings in the science fiction film \\\"Incident at\",\n \"title\": \"Terry Camilleri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634133\",\n \"text\": \"because \\\"...once you cast Alex and Keanu, who look like pretty cool guys, that was hard to believe\\\". Originally, the time machine was to be a 1969 Chevrolet van, but the idea was abandoned as being too close in concept to the DeLorean used in the \\\"Back to the Future\\\" trilogy. Instead, despite the similarities to \\\"Doctor Who\\\"s time machine, the TARDIS, the film's time machine was styled after a 1960s American telephone booth, though a newer model Ford van would be used as the rock concert \\\"band wagon\\\" for the sequel. In April 2013, Winter commented on Carlin's casting:\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6695267\",\n \"text\": \"roles are the duplicitous Dr. Edgemar in \\\"Total Recall\\\", a police sergeant possessed by Bill in \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", principal Michael Oslo in \\\"Picket Fences\\\" and jovial mortician Irv Kendall in \\\"Arachnophobia\\\". He died in 2001, aged 56, from complications of diabetes. Roy Brocksmith Roy Brocksmith (September 15, 1945 – December 16, 2001) was an American actor. Brocksmith was born in Quincy, Illinois, the son of Vera Marguerite (née Hartwig) and Otis E. Brocksmith, who was a mechanic. He graduated from Quincy University in 1970. He then moved to New York City where he began a career on\",\n \"title\": \"Roy Brocksmith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454249\",\n \"text\": \"grossed $218.8 million in North America and $330.6 million overseas for a total gross of $549.4 million, against a budget of $50 million. It was Universal's highest-grossing film in 2012, ahead of \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\" and \\\"Battleship\\\" (the only one to pass $400 million), and the 12th-highest-grossing film of 2012. \\\"Ted\\\" debuted in first place in Taiwan and got the best comedy opening ever there. It also debuted in Hong Kong, with $1.4 million, and grossed $571,000 in its first week in South Korea, eventually grossing $8 million, $3.8 million and $1.8 million respectively. It also grossed $2.1\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634121\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin. The plot follows slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves), who travel through time to assemble historical figures for their high school history presentation. \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" received generally positive reviews. In 1988 San Dimas, California, slackers Bill (Winter) and Ted (Reeves) would rather pursue their band the Wyld Stallyns than schoolwork. Ted's father, the local police chief, threatens to\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454247\",\n \"text\": \"Norah Jones and Queen. Seth MacFarlane co-wrote the opening theme \\\"Everybody Needs a Best Friend\\\" with Murphy. The song was later nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 85th Academy Awards. All tracks by Walter Murphy except where indicated. Other songs which do not appear on the soundtrack but are featured in the film include songs from Queen's \\\"Flash Gordon\\\" soundtrack: \\\"Football Fight\\\", \\\"Battle Theme\\\", and \\\"The Hero\\\", as well as the \\\"Knight Rider Theme\\\" by Stu Phillips, \\\"Stayin' Alive\\\" by \\\"Bee Gees\\\", \\\"Kiss Kiss\\\" by \\\"Chris Brown\\\" and \\\"The Imperial March\\\" by John Williams. The\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634137\",\n \"text\": \"although MGM, which holds the rights to the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" franchise, has yet to give the movie an official greenlight. In an April 2014 article on the original film's 25th anniversary, Alex Winter reported that work on going ahead with the second sequel was still in progress. \\\"Bill and Ted Face the Music\\\" was officially announced to be in pre-production on May 8, 2018. Two spin-off television series were produced; both were titled \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures\\\". DC Comics produced a tie-in comic following the plot of the first movie timed to coincide with that film's release on\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8856754\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \\\"Critters\\\" followed by the hit comedy \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" in 1989. He then directed \\\"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\\\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \\\"The Mighty Ducks\\\" in 1992, \\\"The Three Musketeers\\\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake of \\\"101\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Herek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6238903\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Lang Stephen Lang (born July 11, 1952) is an American screen and stage actor, and playwright. He is known for roles in films including \\\"Manhunter\\\" (1986), \\\"Gettysburg\\\" (1993), \\\"Gods and Generals\\\" (2003), \\\"Public Enemies\\\" (2009) and \\\"Don't Breathe\\\" (2016). He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 1992 Broadway production of \\\"The Speed of Darkness\\\" and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in James Cameron's \\\"Avatar\\\" (2009). From 2004 to 2006, he was co-artistic director of the Actors Studio. Lang was born in New York City, the youngest child of Theresa\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Lang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7503910\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Clarke Jason Clarke (born 17 July 1969) is an Australian film and television actor. Clarke has appeared in many TV series, and is known for playing Tommy Caffee on the television series \\\"Brotherhood\\\". He has also appeared in many films, often as an antagonist. His film roles include \\\"Zero Dark Thirty\\\" (2012), \\\"White House Down\\\" (2013), \\\"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\\\" (2014), \\\"Terminator Genisys\\\" (2015), \\\"Everest\\\" (2015), \\\"Mudbound\\\" (2017), \\\"Chappaquiddick\\\" (2017), in which he portrayed Ted Kennedy, and \\\"First Man\\\" (2018), in which he portrayed astronaut Ed White. Jason Clarke was born and brought up in Winton,\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Clarke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15175291\",\n \"text\": \"Ted Face the Music\\\". Solomon, speaking to \\\"Digital Spy\\\" in January 2018, said of the film's long pre-production period: Solomon further stated that they have had issues getting financing for the film as those they have approached want to see a reboot of \\\"Bill & Ted\\\", rather than a sequel, and had also expressed concerns that since the first film was not distributed internationally, there would not be a large audience for this film. Solomon said that elements of the script would see the middle-aged Bill & Ted revisiting events of the first film, such as watching their interactions outside\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18241258\",\n \"text\": \"Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is a 2016 American action mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown. The film is the sequel to \\\"The Da Vinci Code\\\" (2006) and \\\"Angels & Demons\\\" (2009), and is the third installment in the \\\"Robert Langdon\\\" film series. It stars Tom Hanks, reprising his role as Robert Langdon, alongside Felicity Jones, Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen, Ben Foster, and Irrfan Khan. Together with the previous film, it remains Hanks' only live-action sequel. Filming began on April 27, 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Inferno (2016 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13722345\",\n \"text\": \"Joel Soisson Joel Soisson is an American screenwriter, producer and director. He works primarily in the field of independent film. His numerous credits include \\\"Dracula 2000\\\", \\\",\\\" \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, The Prophecy, Little Pink House and Buffalo Rider\\\"\\\".\\\" Soisson studied fine arts and character animation at Pratt Institute and film studies at the University of Southern California and the American Film Institute. Soisson has written, produced, and directed numerous feature films since producing the breakout hit Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure. He worked extensively with production companies such as New Line Cinema, DeLaurentiis Entertainment Group and The Weinstein\",\n \"title\": \"Joel Soisson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8856756\",\n \"text\": \"TV Specials. Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \\\"Critters\\\" followed by the hit comedy \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" in 1989. He then directed \\\"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\\\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \\\"The Mighty Ducks\\\" in 1992, \\\"The Three Musketeers\\\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Herek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875172\",\n \"text\": \"plus a two week honeymoon\\\" have passed for them. They begin to perform a stunning rock ballad, joined by Death, Station, and the good robots. The worldwide broadcast set by De Nomolos continues, and Wyld Stallyns' music is played across the globe, creating harmony. Over the credits, it's shown through newspaper articles that the band, along with Death, go through many perks of fame before eventually taking their act to Mars. Progressive Rock/Metal band Primus appear as themselves during Battle of the Bands, performing Tommy the Cat As was particularly common at the time, the soundtrack album focuses on the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634140\",\n \"text\": \"from a popular film of that year, with appearances by a host of villains, heroes, and celebrities. The show usually includes elaborate dance numbers, stunts, and multiple double-entendres for the late night event crowd. In 2013, the Hollywood version of the show was cancelled in the middle of its run following complaints of homophobic humor. On August 15, 2017, Universal announced that 2017 will be the final year of Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure in Orlando. And on November 4, 2017, Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure came to a final close, but not before a surprise appearance of\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5511496\",\n \"text\": \"Lonigan\\\"), Shor produced (and reprised his role in) his own version of Jellicoe's play, changing the setting from London to New York. Three months later, the set from the production was used in Billy Idol's classic music video for the song \\\"Dancing With Myself\\\". Shor's acting credits include \\\"Air Force One\\\", \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\", \\\"Tron\\\", \\\"Red Rock West\\\", and John Huston's \\\"Wise Blood\\\". Television films and mini-series include \\\"Friendly Fire\\\", \\\"Elvis and the Colonel\\\" and \\\"The Blue and the Gray\\\" (for which Shor won a People's Choice Award). He was a series regular on \\\"Cagney and Lacey\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Shor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3639375\",\n \"text\": \"Diedrich Bader Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for appearing in comedies, including the films \\\"The Beverly Hillbillies\\\", \\\"Office Space\\\", \\\"EuroTrip\\\" and \\\"Napoleon Dynamite\\\" and the sitcoms \\\"The Drew Carey Show\\\", \\\"Veep\\\", \\\"Outsourced\\\" and \\\"American Housewife\\\". He is also a voice actor for multiple animated series; some of his roles include Batman on \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\", android Zeta in \\\"The Zeta Project\\\", Warp Darkmatter in \\\"Buzz Lightyear of Star Command\\\", the Fiskerton Phantom in \\\"The Secret Saturdays\\\" and his recurring role as Hoss Delgado in \\\"The Grim Adventures of\",\n \"title\": \"Diedrich Bader\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16893910\",\n \"text\": \"2014. The film's soundtrack was released by Universal Republic on June 26, 2015. It features the score by Walter Murphy and songs co-written by Seth MacFarlane and Murphy, including \\\"Mean Ol’ Moon\\\", which is performed by Amanda Seyfried and Norah Jones separately. The soundtrack also includes \\\"Mess Around\\\" by Ray Charles, \\\"One Foot in Front of the Other\\\" by Bone Symphony and \\\"New York\\\" by Alfred Newman. All tracks by Walter Murphy except where indicated. On January 27, 2015, the film's teaser poster was released. This was followed two days later by its trailer. The film premiered on June 24,\",\n \"title\": \"Ted 2\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3484368\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"Rudy\\\". Snow also appeared in 2006's \\\"They're Just My Friends\\\" and co-stars alongside Tiger Chung Lee in 2009's \\\"Mountain Mafia\\\". In 2006 he played himself in the independent feature film The Still Life. Snow can also be seen as the brutal serial killer Grim, also known as \\\"The Reaper's\\\", in \\\"Feathered Italian Films\\\" latest slasher films \\\"The Legacy\\\" and \\\"Hell House\\\". Head also cameos in \\\"The Legacy\\\". He was one of the leads in the 2011 comedy/action/sci-fi movie \\\"Overtime\\\" by director Matt Niehoff. Snow had a quick line in the wrestling documentary \\\"Beyond the Mat\\\". He also participated in\",\n \"title\": \"Al Snow\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4392494\",\n \"text\": \"Lazarian wrote an episode of \\\"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\\\" with the episode's storyboard artist C. H. Greenblatt, entitled \\\"Keeper of the Reaper\\\". Horvitz first appeared in the 1976 Freshen Up Gum commercial, which led to other commercial appearances and several hand modeling jobs. After a brief stint in an off-Broadway production of \\\"Oliver!\\\", he went on to make appearances on television seeies such as \\\"Kids Incorporated\\\" and \\\"Safe at Home\\\" and films, such as \\\"Summer School\\\", \\\"How I Got Into College\\\" and \\\"Deadly Weapon\\\". He also starred as Howie for two seasons on the 1988 syndicated television\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Steven Horvitz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15212078\",\n \"text\": \"on Fox Kids, and produced by DIC Entertainment. As Fox was also planning on airing a new live-action version series with the same name, the cast was replaced, and the leads were now voiced by Evan Richards and Christopher Kennedy, the actors who respectively portrayed Bill and Ted on the short-lived 1992 live-action television series. The new episodes introduced a \\\"Squint\\\" phone booth that could take Bill and Ted into literature, television shows, and (after shrinking them) inside the human body. The new show had trouble catching on, and after one more season, the animated \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" series was\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6753558\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book was a twelve-issue comic book series published in 1991–1992 and based on the Bill & Ted franchise. The series was nominated for a 1992 Eisner Award in the category of Best Humor Comic. The first two issues revolve around the efforts of Bill (Bill S. Preston, Esq.) and Ted (Theodore Logan) as they plan a party to celebrate their recent nuptials. Unfortunately the personification of mortality, Death, a more recent ally, becomes vastly out of sorts and steals the phone-booth time machine. Rufus, their old guide, helps by\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6437347\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Blackthorne Paul Blackthorne (born 5 March 1969) is an English actor. Although born in Shropshire, England, he spent his early childhood on British Military bases in both England and Germany. Blackthorne broke into acting via television commercials in England. His breakthrough commercial in the UK came in the Grim Reaper commercial for Virgin Atlantic, which was hugely successful. Numerous radio commercials followed. Blackthorne's first film role was in the highly successful 2001 Bollywood film \\\"Lagaan\\\". Since then, he has mostly appeared in American films and television shows. He had recurring roles in the American series \\\"ER\\\" and \\\"24\\\", both\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Blackthorne\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7731976\",\n \"text\": \"Jeffrey Dean Morgan Jeffrey Dean Morgan (born April 22, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as John Winchester on the fantasy horror series \\\"Supernatural\\\" (2005–07), Denny Duquette on the medical drama series \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" (2006–09), The Comedian in the superhero film \\\"Watchmen\\\" (2009), Jason Crouse on the political drama series \\\"The Good Wife\\\" (2015–16), Negan on the horror drama series \\\"The Walking Dead\\\" (2016–present), and Harvey Russell in \\\"Rampage\\\" (2018). Morgan was born in Seattle, Washington, to Sandy Thomas and Richard Dean Morgan. He attended Ben Franklin Elementary School, Rose Hill Junior High, and Lake\",\n \"title\": \"Jeffrey Dean Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18673374\",\n \"text\": \"Ned, Isabella Amara as Sally, Tiffany Espensen as Cindy, and Ethan Dizon as Tiny; and Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther from \\\"Black Panther\\\", with Danai Gurira as Okoye, Letitia Wright as Shuri, Winston Duke as M'Baku, and Florence Kasumba as Ayo. Sebastian Stan also appears as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier from the \\\"Captain America\\\" films, along with Tom Hiddleston as Loki and Idris Elba as Heimdall from the \\\"Thor\\\" and \\\"Avengers\\\" films; \\\"Iron Man\\\" supporting actress Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts; Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector from \\\"Guardians of the Galaxy\\\"; William Hurt\",\n \"title\": \"Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"26456\",\n \"text\": \"Ardal O'Hanlon Ardal O'Hanlon (; born 8 October 1965) is an Irish comedian and actor. He played Father Dougal McGuire in \\\"Father Ted\\\", George Sunday/Thermoman in \\\"My Hero\\\", and DI Jack Mooney in \\\"Death in Paradise\\\". Ardal O'Hanlon was born on 8 October 1965 in Carrickmacross, County Monaghan, the son of politician and doctor Rory O'Hanlon and Teresa Ward. He has five siblings. The episode of \\\"Who Do You Think You Are?\\\" which aired on 6 October 2008 revealed that O'Hanlon's paternal grandfather, Michael O'Hanlon, was a UCD medicine student who had joined the IRA during the Irish War of\",\n \"title\": \"Ardal O'Hanlon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10905647\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture is the licensed soundtrack to the 1991 Orion Pictures film \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". It was released by Interscope Records on July 9, 1991 on CD and cassette formats. In Japan it was released on August 25, 1991. Unlike the soundtrack to the film's predecessor, \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\", this soundtrack features music from artists well-known at the time of the film's release. Many of these songs, such as Faith No More's \\\"The Perfect Crime\\\" and Megadeth's \\\"Go\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634139\",\n \"text\": \"1991 by Off the Wall Productions and IntraCorp, Inc. under contract by Capstone Software and followed the original film very closely. The annual Halloween Horror Nights events at Universal Studios Orlando and Hollywood have featured since 1992 (Orlando) and 1997-1999/2007 (Hollywood) Bill & Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure, a show satirizing pop culture of the year with Bill & Ted as the protagonists fighting villains who steal their phone booth for their own schemes. The show differs from year to year, with spoofs of various pop culture icons. The main plot involves Bill and Ted being threatened by an evil villain\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16659559\",\n \"text\": \"Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \\\"The Avengers\\\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,\",\n \"title\": \"Avengers: Age of Ultron\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19741935\",\n \"text\": \"Don McManus Don McManus (sometimes credited as Don R. McManus) is an American film actor, with feature credits including \\\"Vice, \\\"Grand Piano\\\", \\\"Under the Silver Lake\\\", \\\"The Maze Runner\\\", \\\"Lucky Bastard\\\", \\\"Lovelace\\\", \\\"Dark Around the Stars\\\", \\\"For A Good Time, Call\\\", \\\"Magnolia\\\", \\\"The Shawshank Redemption\\\", \\\"Under the Tuscan Sun\\\", \\\"National Treasure\\\", \\\"Hannibal\\\", \\\"Air Force One\\\",\\\" and \\\"The Congress\\\". And TV credits including: \\\"Sorry For Your Loss\\\", \\\"Mom\\\", \\\"Supernatural\\\", \\\"Castle\\\", \\\"Justified\\\", \\\"The Newsroom\\\", \\\"24\\\", \\\"Northern Exposure\\\", \\\"Franklin & Bash\\\", \\\"NCIS\\\", \\\"Private Practice\\\", \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\", \\\"Boston Legal\\\", \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\", \\\"Dexter\\\", \\\"Seinfeld\\\", \\\"Frasier\\\", \\\"Nip/Tuck\\\", \\\"The Closer\\\", \\\"CSI\\\", \\\"Party of Five\\\", \\\"Mad About\",\n \"title\": \"Don McManus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12029536\",\n \"text\": \"tell you these long stories.\\\" Christopher Timothy added: \\\"I found myself getting quite moved when I watched an episode recently – not because of what we were doing, but because all those lovely people are no longer with us. John Sharp was a lovely, lovely man.\\\" Bill Hartley (Peter Martin, who also plays Arthur Handshaw in series 1 and 2), meanwhile, is a relatively good-natured client, compared to the perpetually disgruntled Ted Grimsdale (Bryan Pringle). \\\"Peter Martin was fantastic,\\\" remembered Peter Davison. \\\"He was mainly known then for the Jewson commercials. He was just very funny. He played two parts\",\n \"title\": \"All Creatures Great and Small (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8163957\",\n \"text\": \"a big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on \\\"Billboard'\\\"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album \\\"The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4502682\",\n \"text\": \"George Eastman (actor) George Eastman (born Luigi Montefiori; August 16, 1942) is an Italian B-movie actor and screenwriter well known for his frequent collaborations with notorious director Joe D'Amato. He is most famous for his role as the insane, cannibalistic serial killer Klaus Wortmann in the gory 1980 horror film \\\"Antropophagus\\\" (aka \\\"The Grim Reaper\\\"). He also played a similar role in its 1981 follow-up, \\\"Absurd\\\". Both films were directed by D'Amato and written by Eastman. Eastman was born in 1942 in Genoa, Italy and studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome and at the Drama School held\",\n \"title\": \"George Eastman (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1715993\",\n \"text\": \"Sant repeatedly explores in his films). The film won him an Independent Spirit Award for his screenplay (he had won the same award for his \\\"Drugstore Cowboy\\\" screenplay), as well as greater prestige. The film also gained River Phoenix best actor honors at the Venice Film Festival among others. In addition, it helped Reeves—previously best known for his work in the \\\"Bill and Ted\\\" movies—to get the critical respect that had previously eluded him. Van Sant's next film, a 1993 adaptation of Tom Robbins' \\\"Even Cowgirls Get the Blues\\\", was an excessive flop, both commercially and critically. Featuring an unusually\",\n \"title\": \"Gus Van Sant\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2056495\",\n \"text\": \"Award for Best Supporting Actor. He and Cameron collaborated again on \\\"True Lies\\\" (1994) and \\\"Titanic\\\" (1997), the latter of which was the highest-grossing film of all time at its release. In his other roles, Paxton played Morgan Earp in \\\"Tombstone\\\" (1993), Fred Haise in \\\"Apollo 13\\\" (1995), the male lead in \\\"Twister\\\" (1996), and lead roles in dark dramas such as \\\"One False Move\\\" (1992) and \\\"A Simple Plan\\\" (1998). In 1990, he co-starred with Charlie Sheen and Michael Biehn in \\\"Navy Seals\\\". Paxton directed the feature films \\\"Frailty\\\" (2001), in which he also starred, and \\\"The Greatest Game\",\n \"title\": \"Bill Paxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7200738\",\n \"text\": \"Jeremy Renner Jeremy Lee Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor. He appeared largely in independent films, such as \\\"Dahmer\\\" (2002) and \\\"Neo Ned\\\" (2005). Renner appeared in supporting roles in bigger films, such as \\\"S.W.A.T.\\\" (2003) and \\\"28 Weeks Later\\\" (2007). Renner was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in \\\"The Hurt Locker\\\" (2008) and for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his much-praised performance in \\\"The Town\\\" (2010). Renner played Hawkeye in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films \\\"Thor\\\" (2011), \\\"The\\\" \\\"Avengers\\\" (2012), \\\"\\\" (2015) and \\\"\\\" (2016). He also\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremy Renner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5645674\",\n \"text\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure is an action-adventure video game that is part of the Bill & Ted franchise and is based on the film \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" which was released in North America by Acclaim Entertainment under their LJN label for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . The game's plot is not an adaptation of the movie, but rather serves as an original continuation to the film's events. The story begins when Rufus summons Bill S. Preston Esq. and \\\"Ted\\\" Theodore Logan for a mission. The boys arrive\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454257\",\n \"text\": \"of four, citing the film as \\\"the best comedy screenplay so far [this year],\\\" also praising the film on the fact that it \\\"doesn't run out of steam.\\\" Nathan Rabin of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" gave the film a \\\"B\\\" grade. Brent McNight of \\\"Beyond Hollywood\\\" commented on the jokes: \\\"Some of these jokes hit, some jokes miss.\\\" On the other hand, A. O. Scott of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called \\\"Ted\\\" \\\"boring, lazy and wildly unoriginal.\\\" The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on December 11, 2012 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. Both formats featured\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5773696\",\n \"text\": \"Chelcie Ross Chelcie Claude Ross (born June 20, 1942) is an American character actor, most known for \\\"Major League\\\", \\\"Basic Instinct\\\", \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", \\\"Hoosiers\\\" and \\\"The Ballad of Buster Scruggs\\\". He served in Vietnam as an officer in the United States Air Force where he had been awarded a Bronze Star, and earned an MFA from the Dallas Theater Center. He left the air force in 1970. His son, Ian Ross, plays bass in the band John 5 and The Creatures, the instrumental group fronted by guitarist John 5 (Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie.) In 2007, Ross appeared,\",\n \"title\": \"Chelcie Ross\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9329903\",\n \"text\": \"2012 comedy film starring, and written and directed by Heidecker and Wareheim. Supporting actors include Zach Galifianakis, Will Ferrell, Jeff Goldblum, John C. Reilly, Erica Durance, and Will Forte, Bob Ross, many of whom guest-starred on Awesome Show. It was released in theaters on March 2, 2012, and was released to iTunes and on-demand January 27, 2013. Adult Swim picked up \\\"Tim and Eric's Bedtime Stories\\\" after the pilot episode aired as a Halloween special on October 31, 2013, with a seven-episode season debuting on September 18, 2014. The series, which aired an additional two episodes in 2015, is an\",\n \"title\": \"Tim & Eric\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4202419\",\n \"text\": \"with US born, Italian multi instrumentalist and songwriter Pietro Straccia to form a new psychedelic, pop, electronic duo Elettrodomestico. Their debut album, \\\"If You're A Boy Or A Girl\\\", was independently released on October 20, 2017. Wiedlin's early acting credits include a brief appearance as an officer seen on a Starfleet Command video screen in \\\"\\\" (1986, she is credited as Alien Communication Officer, but the script listed her as Officer Trillya), an ill-fated singing telegram girl in \\\"Clue\\\" (1985), the White Fairy in Golan-Globus's \\\"Sleeping Beauty\\\" (1987), and as Joan of Arc in \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" (1989).\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Wiedlin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3175641\",\n \"text\": \"The Great White Hype The Great White Hype is a 1996 American sports comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Berg, Damon Wayans, Jeff Goldblum, Jon Lovitz, Cheech Marin, John Rhys-Davies, Salli Richardson and Jamie Foxx. The film is a satire of racial preferences in boxing, and was inspired by Larry Holmes's 1982 fight with Gerry Cooney (who was known as \\\"The Great White Hope\\\") and Mike Tyson's 1995 return fight vs. Peter McNeeley. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released on May 3, 1996. James \\\"The Grim Reaper\\\" Roper (Damon Wayans),\",\n \"title\": \"The Great White Hype\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1875174\",\n \"text\": \"of 48 surveyed critics gave \\\"Bogus Journey\\\" a positive review; the average rating was 6/10. The film's consensus states: \\\"\\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\" has the same stars – and cheerfully wacky sense of humor – as its predecessor, but they prove a far less effective combination the second time around.\\\" Desson Howe of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" called it \\\"an entertaining, surreal journey\\\" that is \\\"funnier and livelier than the original.\\\" Janet Maslin of \\\"The New York Times\\\" called it \\\"amusing but sloppy and overcomplicated\\\". Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of a possible 4 stars, writing, \\\"It's the\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5251736\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Sudeikis Daniel Jason Sudeikis ( ; born September 18, 1975) is an American comedian, actor, screenwriter and producer. In the 1990s, he began his career in improv comedy. He has also performed with ComedySportz and The Second City. In 2003, Sudeikis was hired as a sketch writer for \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" and was a cast member from 2005 to 2013. He is best known for his roles in the films \\\"Horrible Bosses\\\" (2011), \\\"Hall Pass\\\" (2011), \\\"We're the Millers\\\" (2013), \\\"Horrible Bosses 2\\\" (2014), \\\"Colossal\\\" (2016), \\\"Mother's Day\\\" (2016) and \\\"The Angry Birds Movie\\\" (2016). Daniel Jason Sudeikis was\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Sudeikis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15785930\",\n \"text\": \"to working in the entertainment industry, Cort earned BA and MA degrees in history from the University of Pennsylvania and an MBA from the Wharton School, and was a management consultant for McKinsey & Company. He lives in Beverly Hills, California, with his wife, Rosalie Swedlin, a manager of writers and directors. Robert W. Cort Robert W. Cort is an American film producer. Since 1985 he has produced forty-eight feature films which have grossed over 2.5 billion dollars in worldwide box office. These include \\\"Three Men and a Baby\\\", \\\"Cocktail\\\", \\\"Jumanji\\\", \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"The Cutting Edge\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Robert W. Cort\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634132\",\n \"text\": \"became confused about who was who. In earlier drafts of the script, Rufus was 28 years old and historical figures Bill and Ted plucked from history included Charlemagne (whom they referred to as \\\"Charlie Mangay\\\"), Babe Ruth, and a non-famous medieval person called \\\"John the Serf\\\". John is listed in the credits. In a 1991 interview, co-writer Ed Solomon said the characters of Bill and Ted were originally envisaged as \\\"14-year-old skinny guys, with low-rider bell-bottoms and heavy metal T-shirts\\\" who were despised by the popular kids at school. Casting Reeves and Winter changed the filmmakers' images of the characters\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17362435\",\n \"text\": \"Matheson and the brother of Ali Marie Matheson. He is a graduate of University of California, Los Angeles. Chris Matheson (screenwriter) Chris Matheson is an American film director and screenwriter. Matheson is best known for his collaborations with fellow screenwriter Ed Solomon, together creating the \\\"Bill & Ted\\\" franchise, writing the two films \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" and \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". Together they also wrote the films \\\"Mom and Dad Save the World\\\" and \\\"Imagine That\\\". His 2015 book \\\"\\\" is an alternative interpretation of the Christian Bible as seen through the eyes of an atheist. He\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Matheson (screenwriter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634150\",\n \"text\": \"1980s California, can only communicate with his abductors by gesturing and gurning – since Bill and Ted, it goes without saying, speak not a word of ancient Greek. Even the miracle of time travel, it appears, cannot serve to alter what is, for any historian, a most awkward fact: that it is impossible to be certain of what Socrates actually said. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure is a 1989 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stephen Herek and written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon. It stars Alex Winter, Keanu Reeves, and George Carlin.\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3231095\",\n \"text\": \"execution order was given at 6:07 a.m. PDT, and Harris died at 6:21 a.m. PDT. His body was removed from the chamber at 7:00 a.m. and was taken to a funeral home at 8:15 a.m. Harris' execution is specifically remembered for his choice of final words (recorded by Warden Daniel Vasquez): \\\"You can be a king or a street sweeper, but everybody dances with the grim reaper.\\\" It was the subject of a 1995 Dutch documentary film, \\\"Procedure 769, witness to an execution\\\". This line was also used in the 1991 film 'Bill and Teds Bogus Journey' before being said\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Alton Harris\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4406938\",\n \"text\": \"man at age 13 while he was acting on Broadway. Alex Winter Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for his role as Bill S. Preston, Esq. in the 1989 film \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" and its 1991 sequel \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\". He is also well known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \\\"The Lost Boys\\\", and for co-writing, co-directing and starring in the 1993 film \\\"Freaked\\\". Winter was born in London, England, to mother Gregg Mayer, a New York-born American who was\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Winter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454256\",\n \"text\": \"1.7 million in Colombia. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 68% based on 211 reviews with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Ted\\\"s \\\"romance versus bromance\\\" plot is familiar, but the film's held aloft by the high-concept central premise and a very funny (albeit inconsistent) script.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 62 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \\\"A-\\\" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13634141\",\n \"text\": \"Rufus. \\\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" grossed $40.4 million domestically on a budget of about $10 million. \\\"The Washington Post\\\" gave the film a negative review, finding the script written by Chris Matheson and Ed Solomon as \\\"made only the sketchiest attempts to draw their historical characters. They exist as foils and nothing else, and the gags that are hung on them are far from first-rate\\\", and that if director \\\"Stephen Herek, has any talent for comedy, it's not visible here. More than anything, the picture looks paltry and undernourished.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\" wrote about each historical figure that Bill & Ted\",\n \"title\": \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16398277\",\n \"text\": \"Christopher Cousins Christopher Cousins (born September 27, 1960) is an American actor who has been acting mainly in television since 1986. He is best known for playing conman Cain Rogan in forty-one episodes on the soap opera \\\"One Life to Live\\\" in the early and mid-1990s. Between 2009 and 2013, he played Ted Beneke in thirteen episodes of the AMC series \\\"Breaking Bad\\\". In 2013 and 2014, he played Victor Doyle in seven episodes of the NBC series \\\"Revolution\\\". Notable film roles include David Williams in \\\"Untraceable\\\" (2008), the villain Daniel in \\\"Wicker Park\\\" (2004), Bill in \\\"The Grudge 2\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Cousins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15454259\",\n \"text\": \"to make a sequel to \\\"Ted\\\" \\\"as soon as possible\\\". On \\\"Anderson Live\\\", Wahlberg confirmed that a sequel was in the works and that it would be the first sequel in his career, while also revealing that he and Ted (as voiced by MacFarlane) would appear at the 85th Academy Awards. In February 2014, \\\"Deadline\\\" reported that Amanda Seyfried had been cast as the female lead, and that Kunis would not return. On July 8, MacFarlane announced that work had officially begun on the sequel. \\\"Ted 2\\\" was released in the US on June 26, 2015. Ted (film) Ted is\",\n \"title\": \"Ted (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18241276\",\n \"text\": \"taste.\\\" Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is a 2016 American action mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp, based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown. The film is the sequel to \\\"The Da Vinci Code\\\" (2006) and \\\"Angels & Demons\\\" (2009), and is the third installment in the \\\"Robert Langdon\\\" film series. It stars Tom Hanks, reprising his role as Robert Langdon, alongside Felicity Jones, Omar Sy, Sidse Babett Knudsen, Ben Foster, and Irrfan Khan. Together with the previous film, it remains Hanks' only live-action sequel. Filming began on April 27,\",\n \"title\": \"Inferno (2016 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1390001\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Norton Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for his work in the films \\\"Primal Fear\\\" (1996), \\\"American History X\\\" (1998) and \\\"Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)\\\" (2014). He also starred in other roles, such as \\\"The People vs. Larry Flynt\\\" (1996), \\\"Fight Club\\\" (1999), \\\"Red Dragon\\\" (2002), \\\"25th Hour\\\" (2002), \\\"Kingdom of Heaven\\\" (2005), \\\"The Illusionist\\\" (2006), \\\"Moonrise Kingdom\\\" (2012) and \\\"The Grand Budapest Hotel\\\" (2014). He has also directed and co-written films, including his directorial debut, \\\"Keeping the Faith\\\" (2000). He\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Norton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5000108\",\n \"text\": \"in Screenwriting. He appeared alongside Julia Roberts and George Clooney in the 2016 film \\\"Money Monster\\\", directed by Jodie Foster. He also plays the male lead opposite Lindsey Shaw in the romantic comedy \\\"Temps\\\", which premiered at the Cinequest Film Festival in March 2016. Rosenmeyer was born in Manhasset, New York, the son of Debra and Colin Rosenmeyer. He grew up in Ridgefield, Connecticut and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 2012. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Grant Rosenmeyer Grant Mandel Rosenmeyer (born July 3, 1991) is\",\n \"title\": \"Grant Rosenmeyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5986215\",\n \"text\": \"W. Earl Brown William Earl Brown (born September 7, 1963) is an American actor, writer, producer, and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Dan Dority on the HBO series \\\"Deadwood\\\". He also played Kenny in the 1996 film \\\"Scream\\\" and Warren in the 1998 film \\\"There's Something About Mary\\\". More recently, he voiced and filmed performance capture for the character Bill in Naughty Dog's 2013 survival horror action video game \\\"The Last of Us\\\". He also appeared in the series \\\"American Crime\\\" and \\\"Preacher\\\", and in the Johnny Depp true-crime film \\\"Black Mass\\\" (2015). Brown received\",\n \"title\": \"W. Earl Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11638402\",\n \"text\": \"David Snyder David L. Snyder (born September 22, 1944) is a film and television production designer. He has worked as an art director, producer, and assistant director on films including \\\"Blade Runner\\\", \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", \\\"The Whole Nine Yards\\\", and the television programs \\\"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\\\" and \\\"Battlestar Galactica\\\". He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on \\\"Blade Runner\\\" at the 55th Academy Awards. The film won the BAFTA for Production Design in 1983. Snyder was born in Buffalo, New York and attended the Technical High School there where\",\n \"title\": \"David Snyder\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays the grim reaper in bill and ted"}}},{"rowIdx":288,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Colonel John Ewerekumoh Yeri"],"string":"[\n \"Colonel John Ewerekumoh Yeri\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"5535827","text":"the state. The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976. It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City. It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state. During the Nigerian Civil War, the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos, in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"6368924","text":"Lucky Igbinedion Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion (born 13 May 1957) was the governor of Edo State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Lucky is a son of Gabriel Igbinedion, Esama of the Kingdom of Benin. He holds a BSc in marketing (1982) from the University of Wyoming, Laramie, and an MBA (1983) from Jackson State University, Mississippi, in the United States. Chief Igbinedion was appointed Mayor of Oredo Municipality (a local government area in Nigeria) in 1987 and held the position until 1989. In 1989, he was","title":"Lucky Igbinedion"},{"id":"19582036","text":"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election The Edo State gubernatorial election was held on 28 September 2016 to determine the Governorof Edo State. The election was originally scheduled for 10 September, however two days before, on 8 September it was postponed due to security concerns. The incumbent governor, Adams Oshiomhole, was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term due to term limits established in the Fifth Amendment to the Nigeria Constitution. He was succeeded by Godwin Obaseki, who defeated PDP candidate Osagie Ize-Iyamu in the election. The Governor of Edo State is elected using the plurality voting system. In the","title":"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election"},{"id":"19850402","text":"degree from Rutgers University Graduate School, New Jersey, USA. He worked at the United Nations between 1981 and 1982. He also served as Nigeria's Ambassador to Angola and Sweden, with accreditation to Norway, Denmark and the Republic of Finland. He was also Nigeria's Ambassador to Italy. Ewuare II chose his name as tribute to the 15th-century Ewuare I. Since his ascension to the throne, Ewuare II has worked closely with Godwin Obaseki, the governor of Edo State. Like many of his predecessors, he has unsuccessfully demanded that the spiritually and historically important Benin Bronzes that were stolen in 1897 by","title":"Ewuare II"},{"id":"13022427","text":"BC; it has thus been unclear when, how and why Edom ceased to exist as a state, although many scholars point to scriptural references in the Bible, specifically the historical \"Book of Obadiah\", to explain this fact. Edom is mentioned in Assyrian cuneiform inscriptions in the form \"\"Udumi\"\" (𒌑𒁺𒈪) or \"\"Udumu\"\" (𒌑𒁺𒈬); three of its kings are known from the same source: Ḳaus-malaka at the time of Tiglath-pileser III (c. 745 BC), Malik-rammu at the time of Sennacherib (c. 705 BC), and Ḳaus-gabri at the time of Esarhaddon (c. 680 BC). According to the Egyptian inscriptions, the \"Aduma\" at times","title":"Edom"},{"id":"10992581","text":"Edo people The Edo or Bini (from the word \"Benin\") people are an ethnic group primarily found in Edo State, and spread across the Delta, Ondo, and Rivers states of Nigeria. They speak the Edo language and are the descendants of the founders of the Benin Empire. They are closely related to other ethnic groups that speak Edoid languages, such as the Esan, the Afemai and the Owan. The name \"Benin\" (and \"Bini\") is a Portuguese corruption, ultimately from the word \"Ubinu\", which came into use during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great, c. 1440. \"Ubinu\" was used to","title":"Edo people"},{"id":"18870044","text":"under the platform of the United Nigeria Congress Party. Subsequent to the truncation of that transition programme, he was elected Deputy Governor of Edo State alongside Lucky Igbinedion on the platform of the People's Democratic Party, PDP and successfully served two terms from 1999 to 2007. In the course of service, he received several awards for his unalloyed loyalty and outstanding performance. In appreciation of his immense contributions to Edo State, the entire traditional rulers of the State unanimously conferred upon him the title of OLUETSENIGIE of Edo land. He remains the first and only Edo man to hold a","title":"Mike Oghiadomhe"},{"id":"14136885","text":"Ambrose Folorunsho Alli Ambrose Folorunsho Alli (22 September 1929 – 22 September 1989) was a Nigerian medical professor who served as Executive Governor of the defunct Nigerian state of Bendel State (now the Nigerian states of Edo and Delta ) between 1979 and 1983. He was the first civilian governor. Ambrose Folorunsho Alli was born in Idoani, Ondo state on 22 September 1929. In his childhood he moved between Oka-Odo, Ekpoma, Owo, Efon-Alaye, Benin City and Asaba, where he completed his secondary education in 1948. He attended the School of Agriculture Ibadan (1948) and the School of Medical Technology, Adeoyo","title":"Ambrose Folorunsho Alli"},{"id":"5535829","text":"because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City the capital has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of the flash points have remained enviable tourists’ attraction for the state. The main ethnic groups in Edo State are: Edos, Afemais, Esans, Owans and Akoko Edos. Virtually all the groups traced their origin to Benin City hence the dialects of the groups vary with their distance from Benin City. The Bini speaking people who occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas of the state constitute 57.54%","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"18870042","text":"Mike Oghiadomhe Chief Mike Aiyegbeni Oghiadomhe (born 4 September 1955) was the Deputy Governor of Edo State, Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 and Chief of Staff to former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan from 2011 to 2014. He was born in Fugar, in Etsako Central Local Government Area of present-day Edo State of Nigeria. He is a 1978 graduate of soil science from the University of Ibadan; a holder of an MBA degree from University of Benin (1982), currently a Doctoral student at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. In March 2011, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the","title":"Mike Oghiadomhe"},{"id":"14131145","text":"John Odigie Oyegun John Odigie Oyegun (born 12 August 1939) is a Nigerian politician who is serving as the first national chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria. He was also the Executive Governor of Edo State between 1992 and 1993, during the aborted Nigerian Third Republic. John Odigie Oyegun was born on August 12, 1939, in Warri, Delta State to an Edo father and Urhobo mother from Agbarha Ughelli. He attended St. Patrick’s College, Asaba, and then went to the University of Ibadan where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Economics. He then served in various capacities as","title":"John Odigie Oyegun"},{"id":"14131146","text":"a federal civil servant working as a development planner. Chief John Oyegun was elected as civilian governor of Edo State on the SDP platform, during the transition to democracy launched by General Ibrahim Babangida and served from January 1992 to November 1993. He was removed from office after General Sani Abacha seized power. Later, he became a leader of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). In 2009 he was chairman of the Technical Working Committee of CODER. On 13 June 2014 Odigie-Oyegun was elected as national chairman of the APC. Bola Tinubu of Lagos State, the APC national leader, is","title":"John Odigie Oyegun"},{"id":"6737522","text":"the State's creation on 27 August 1991, Prof. Ambrose Folorunso Alli had governed Bendel State (1979–1983), making it the second Esan to govern Edo State. Unlike the Prof. Ambrose Alli mandate/victory, Prof. Osunbor's is widely believed to be mired in controversy of widespread irregularities by the ruling party in the State. Litigation is however on and the new governor has since 29 May 2007 been sworn in for a four-year term. On 20 March 2008, the Edo State Election Tribunal declared the former labour leader, Adams Oshiomhole, governor of Edo State. Following Prof. Osunbor's appeal, the Appeal Court's verdict of","title":"Esan people"},{"id":"5535828","text":"occupation, the state was declared as the “Republic of Benin” as Nigerian forces were to retake the region. The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was formed on August 27, 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million. It is made up of three major ethnic groups; namely Edo (Binis), Esan and Afemai (Owan/Etsako) with Akoko Edo. However the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"14034894","text":"Samuel Ogbemudia Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 September 1932 – 9 March 2017) was a Nigerian army officer and politician. He was military Governor (1967–1975) of the Mid-West State, later renamed Bendel State, part of which in turn became Edo State. After the return to democracy in 1999, he became a power in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). In September 2009, Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo state and others attended his 77th birthday celebration in Benin. Osaigbovo Ogbemudia was born in Benin City on September 17, 1932, he was named after his grandfather. In Edo language, the name Ogbemudia can be","title":"Samuel Ogbemudia"},{"id":"5535826","text":"Edo State Edo is a state in Nigeria. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million people. It is made up of 3 major ethnic groups; namely the Edo's In Benin, Esan, Owan, and Etsako. However the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City the capital has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of the African continent many centuries ago. Some of the flash points have remained enviable tourists’ attractions for","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"1424285","text":"of \"shōgun\" helped consolidate the alliance system. After further strengthening his power base, Ieyasu installed his son Hidetada (1579–1632) as \"shōgun\" and himself as retired \"shōgun\" in 1605. The Toyotomi were still a significant threat, and Ieyasu devoted the next decade to their eradication. In 1615, the Tokugawa army destroyed the Toyotomi stronghold at Osaka. The Tokugawa (or Edo) period brought 250 years of stability to Japan. The political system evolved into what historians call \"bakuhan\", a combination of the terms \"bakufu\" and \"han\" (domains) to describe the government and society of the period. In the \"bakuhan\", the \"shōgun\" had","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"6368926","text":"counts of financial fraud. This concerns allegations that he embezzled 24 million (£12m) using front companies. He handed himself over later that month. The Benin Youth Council asked for an apology for statements implying he ran away from justice. Official website Lucky Igbinedion Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion (born 13 May 1957) was the governor of Edo State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Lucky is a son of Gabriel Igbinedion, Esama of the Kingdom of Benin. He holds a BSc in marketing (1982) from the University of","title":"Lucky Igbinedion"},{"id":"19582038","text":"of 19 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission. APC candidate Obaseki won the election with 52% of the vote to PDP candidate Ize-Iyamu's 41%. The total number of registered voters in the state was 1,900,233 while 622,039 voters were accredited. Voter turnout was 613,244 and the difference in total votes won between the two major candidates was 66,310. 2016 Edo State gubernatorial election The Edo State gubernatorial election was held on 28 September 2016 to determine the Governorof Edo State. The election was originally scheduled for 10 September, however two days before, on 8 September it was postponed","title":"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election"},{"id":"13022431","text":"and the name of his city was Avith. And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah ruled in his place. And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth on the river ruled in his place. And Saul died, and Baal-hanan ben Achbor ruled in his place. And Baal-hanan ben Achbor died, and Hadar ruled in his place, and the name of his city was Pau, and his wife's name was Mehetabel bat Matred bat Mezahab. And these are the names of the clans of Esau by their families, by their places, by their names: clan Timnah, clan Alvah, clan Jetheth, clan Aholibamah,","title":"Edom"},{"id":"3031197","text":"family, built Edo Castle in 1457. The castle later came under the control of the Later Hōjō clan in 1524 after the Siege of Edo. The castle was vacated in 1590 due to the Siege of Odawara. Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo Castle his base after he was offered eight eastern provinces by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He later defeated Toyotomi Hideyori, son of Hideyoshi, at the Siege of Osaka in 1615, and emerged as the political leader of Japan. Tokugawa Ieyasu received the title of \"Sei-i Taishōgun\" in 1603, and Edo became the center of Tokugawa's administration. Initially, parts of the area","title":"Edo Castle"},{"id":"14128780","text":"Anthony Onyearugbulem Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem (1955–2002) was a Nigerian navy captain who served as Military Administrator of Ondo State (August 1996 - August 1998) during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. He then became Military Administrator of Edo State in August 1998, handing over power to the civilian governor Lucky Igbinedion in May 1999. Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem was born on 9 July 1955 in Owalla Avuvu in Ikeduru, Imo State. He was educated at St. Columbia's Secondary School, Amaimo (1970–1972) and Enyiogugu High School, Mbaise (1972–1974). He joined the navy and was commissioned on July 1, 1978. Anthony Onyearugbulem","title":"Anthony Onyearugbulem"},{"id":"6368925","text":"voted the Best Mayor in Nigeria and received an Award for his developmental efforts. Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion was elected governor of Edo State in April 1999 and was reelected in 2003. He and his deputy, Mike Oghiadomhe, held office from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. During the period of his governorship, he was elected by his colleagues as Chairman of the Nigerian Governors' Forum. His wife, Eki Igbinedion, was active against the widespread sex trafficking of women from Edo State to Europe. In January 2008 he was declared wanted by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission on 142","title":"Lucky Igbinedion"},{"id":"14034907","text":"month later, Ogbemudia praised Oshiomhole's accomplishments in his first year of office, leading to speculations of a possible political alliance between the two men. Samuel Ogbemudia Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 September 1932 – 9 March 2017) was a Nigerian army officer and politician. He was military Governor (1967–1975) of the Mid-West State, later renamed Bendel State, part of which in turn became Edo State. After the return to democracy in 1999, he became a power in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). In September 2009, Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo state and others attended his 77th birthday celebration in Benin. Osaigbovo","title":"Samuel Ogbemudia"},{"id":"2408397","text":"The young boy went on to become the first legitimate ruler of the second Edo dynasty that has ruled what is now Benin from that day to this. Oranmiyan later went on to found the Oyo Empire that stretched at its height from the western banks of the river Niger to the Eastern banks of the river Volta. It would serve as one of the most powerful of Africa's medieval states, prior to its collapse in the 19th century. The Oòni (or king) of Ife is a descendant of the godking Oduduwa, and is counted first among the Yoruba kings.","title":"Ife"},{"id":"9495540","text":"Esigie Oba Esigie was an Oba (king) of Benin who ruled the ancient Benin Kingdom, now Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria (c.1504 – c.1550). Works of art commissioned by Esigie are held in prominent museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the British Museum. At the time of his father Oba Ozolua's death, Esigie controlled Benin City and his brother Arhuaran controlled Udo, a town about northwest of Benin City that was nearly its equal in size and influence. Following a bitter power struggle with Aruaran, and with major assistance and support from his mother Queen Idia, Esigie became","title":"Esigie"},{"id":"14900426","text":"Erediauwa Erediauwa (22 June 1923 – 2016) was the 39th Oba of Benin, traditional ruler of the Edo people in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Formerly known as Prince Solomon Akenzua, Oba Erediauwa's full title was \"His Royal Majesty Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Erediauwa I\". He was succeeded by Ewuare II. Oba Erediauwa took on the title and duties as traditional head of state and rightful heir of the extinct Benin Empire when he was crowned, succeeding his father, Oba Akenzua II, in a ceremony held in Benin City, Nigeria, on 23 March 1979. Erediauwa was born on 22","title":"Erediauwa"},{"id":"6737523","text":"11 November 2008 finally laid to rest the gubernatorial dispute, as the five-man panel declared Comrade Adams Aliu Oshiomhole winner and governor of Edo State. The diminutive but vocal and resilient Etsako indigene was thereafter sworn in as governor on 12 November 2008 in a well attended ceremony at the Ogbemudia Stadium, Benin City. Esan Day is celebrated at the Tafawa Balewa square, Lagos every December. During the occasions names of prominent Esan figures are read to loud ovation. Esan folktales and folklore, like the \"igbabonẹlimhin\" and \"akhuẹ\", serve as forms of learning and entertainment. The Esan have prominent traditional","title":"Esan people"},{"id":"13022438","text":"reference to Idumaea in that passage is an error altogether. Judas Maccabeus conquered their territory for a time around 163 BC. They were again subdued by John Hyrcanus (c. 125 BC), who forcibly converted them, among others, to Judaism, and incorporated them into the Jewish nation. Antipater the Idumaean, the progenitor of the Herodian Dynasty along with Judean progenitors, that ruled Judea after the Roman conquest, was of mixed Edomite/Judean origin. Under Herod the Great, the Idumaea province was ruled for him by a series of governors, among whom were his brother Joseph ben Antipater, and his brother-in-law Costobarus. Josephus,","title":"Edom"},{"id":"14041054","text":"Adamu Atta Alhaji Adamu Atta (October 18, 1927 – May 1, 2014) was the first civilian governor of the Nigerian Kwara State during the Second Republic, representing the National Party of Nigeria (NPN). Adamu Atta was an indigene of Ebira land, in present Kogi State. Born in Okene in 1927, he was son of warrant chief Ibrahima Atta, whom the British granted wide powers under the Native Authority system, which undermined the traditional process for selection of a leader in the community. He became the first civilian governor of the state, representing the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), although he","title":"Adamu Atta"},{"id":"19423325","text":"Godwin Obaseki Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki (born 1st July, 1959 in Benin City, Nigeria) is a Nigerian politician. He was sworn in as the governor of Edo State, Nigeria on 12 November, 2016. He was the Chairman of the Edo State Economic and Strategy Team inaugurated by former Governor Adams Oshiomole in March 2009. Obaseki holds post graduate degrees in both Finance and International Business, and is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Stock Brokers, Nigeria. Obaseki served as executive board member of several private companies including Afrinvest. Born in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Obaseki is the third child","title":"Godwin Obaseki"},{"id":"14900430","text":"with the Benin Kingdom and Nigeria in general. Previously approached with apprehension by the public and media practitioners, the gates of the palace were opened, which normalised communication with the Oba's subjects through a quarterly press conference. Erediauwa Erediauwa (22 June 1923 – 2016) was the 39th Oba of Benin, traditional ruler of the Edo people in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Formerly known as Prince Solomon Akenzua, Oba Erediauwa's full title was \"His Royal Majesty Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Erediauwa I\". He was succeeded by Ewuare II. Oba Erediauwa took on the title and duties as traditional head","title":"Erediauwa"},{"id":"2115667","text":"and raffia work. The original people and founders of the Ẹdo Empire and the Ẹdo people, initially were ruled by the Ogiso (Kings of the Sky) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo. Igodo, the first Ogiso, wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler. He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere, his eldest son. In the 12th century, a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan, son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle. In anger over an oracle, Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court","title":"Benin City"},{"id":"9985526","text":"the 17th century. Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, founder of the dynasty, served the Bahmanis faithfully and in 1496 was appointed governor of Hyderabad State. In 1518, after the death of Mahmud Shah, his patron Quli Qutb Shah declared independence. In 1687, Aurangazeb invaded and annexed Golconda and appointed a Nizam (governor). The Mughal Nizams controlled Andhra for about 35 years. In 1707 Aurangazeb died, and the Mughal regime weakened and lost control of the provinces. This enabled the British East India Company and the French Compagnie des Indes Orientales to consolidate power in India. In a 1753 decree, Deccan subedar","title":"History of Andhra Pradesh"},{"id":"7991401","text":"escape. Ogun then took the name Ewuare meaning \"the trouble has ceased\". Eventually, the honorific \"Ogidigan\" (the Great) was appended and he is often known as Ewuare Ogidigan or Ewuare the Great. The date for his rise to the throne is not precisely clear but is usually dated to 1440. To honor the slave that had sacrificed his life to save his, Ewuare also renamed the city to Edo (now Benin City). Ewuare is often considered a key state-reformer and crucial in many aspects of state formation in the Benin empire. He consolidated the power of the Oba, changed lineage","title":"Ewuare"},{"id":"14570004","text":"Musa Usman Brigadier (air force) Musa Usman was the first governor of North-Eastern State, Nigeria from May 1967 to July 1975 after the state had been formed from part of Northern Region during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon. Usman attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, England gaining his commission in 1962. Major Usman was a participant in the July 1966 coup when Major General Aguiyi Ironsi was overthrown, replaced by General Yakubu Gowon. Appointed governor of North-East State in May 1967, Usman initiated construction of the Ashaka cement factory, eventually opened on 19 July 1979 by Major-General Shehu","title":"Musa Usman"},{"id":"1424283","text":"the Kamakura shogunate, which existed with the Tennō's court, to the Tokugawa, when the \"samurai\" became the unchallenged rulers in what historian Edwin O. Reischauer called a \"centralized feudal\" form of shogunate. Instrumental in the rise of the new-existing bakufu was Tokugawa Ieyasu, the main beneficiary of the achievements of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Already powerful, Ieyasu profited by his transfer to the rich Kantō area. He maintained two million \"koku\" of land, a new headquarters at Edo, a strategically situated castle town (the future Tokyo), and also had an additional two million \"koku\" of land and thirty-eight vassals","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"6070004","text":"Ughoton Ughoton (or Gwato) is a town in Nigeria's Edo State. According to Benin oral tradition, the town was reportedly founded as 'Iguekaladerhan' (the land of Ekaladerhan) by Ekaladerhan, the son of Owodo, the last Benin ogiso (monarch). At the time of Owodo's exile for misadministration, Ekaladerhan had fled Owodo, who wanted to sacrifice him to the gods. Reports of Ekaladerhan's location reached Owodo after he was spotted by hunters, and he send soldiers to capture him. When the arrived, Ekaladerhan was gone, and the soldiers and hunters remained where they were, forming the town of rather than returning to","title":"Ughoton"},{"id":"4021392","text":"William Livingston (1723–1790), a signer of the United States Constitution and the 1st Governor of New Jersey. Livingston graduated from Yale College in 1731, and settled in New York City. Livingston's mother was the only child of his namesake, Pieter Van Brugh (1666–1740), the Mayor of Albany, New York from 1699 to 1700 and from 1721 to 1723. His grandfather's sister, Catharina Van Brugh, married Hendrick van Rensselaer, the son of Jeremias van Rensselaer, patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Livingston's maternal great-grandfather, Johannes Pieterse van Brugh (1624–1697), was one of the early settlers of New Netherland and was prominently connected with the","title":"Peter Van Brugh Livingston"},{"id":"1424336","text":"was established at Edo; by the next year, the government was translating Western books. Opposition to Abe increased within \"fudai\" circles, which opposed opening \"bakufu\" councils to \"tozama daimyō\", and he was replaced in 1855 as chairman of the senior councilors by Hotta Masayoshi (1810–1864). At the head of the dissident faction was Tokugawa Nariaki, who had long embraced a militant loyalty to the emperor along with anti-foreign sentiments, and who had been put in charge of national defense in 1854. The Mito school—based on neo-Confucian and Shinto principles—had as its goal the restoration of the imperial institution, the turning","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"5535830","text":"while others Esan (17.14%) Afemai compirising of Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). However, the Igbira speaking communities exist in Akoko Edo as well as Ijaw Izons, Urhobos, Itsekiris communities in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke in Orhionmwon LGA. A lot of communities and indeed the ruling dynasties in all the clans trace their roots to the ancient kingdom of Benin. Cultural similarities are in the areas of religious worships, folk-lore, dances, festivals, traditional modes of dressing, arts and craft. The political pattern","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"14563374","text":"Action Congress (AC) party the winner. On November 11, 2008, a federal Appeal Court sitting in Benin City upheld the ruling of the state's elections petitions tribunal, declaring Oshiomole to be the Governor of Edo State. The decision was based on several voting irregularities. Oserheimen Osunbor is happily married with six children. He is a Christian of the Anglican denomination and a Knight of Saint Christopher Oserheimen Osunbor Oserheimen Osunbor, (born 5 October 1951), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the","title":"Oserheimen Osunbor"},{"id":"14152627","text":"Kingdom of Benin The Kingdom of Benin, also known as the Benin Kingdom, was a pre-colonial kingdom in what is now southern Nigeria. Its capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo state. It should not be confused with the modern-day Republic of Benin, formerly the Republic of Dahomey. The Benin Kingdom was \"one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa, dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE\", until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897. The original people and founders of the Benin Kingdom, the Edo people,","title":"Kingdom of Benin"},{"id":"14461059","text":"with its capital at Umoghumwun has been traced to Prince Idu, the eldest son of Oba Eweka I.\" Eseohe Arhebamen is the oldest of five siblings and frequently played a parental role in their upbringing. At the age of seven Eseohe's family immigrated to the United States and settled in Detroit, Michigan. At age 17 she enrolled in the University of Michigan at the Residential College. Although strongly encouraged to pursue medicine as a career path, Eseohe instead followed her passion for poetry, language and the arts. As an undergraduate student Eseohe focused on literary means and performance as a","title":"Edoheart"},{"id":"5535832","text":"per square kilometers. Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are: English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Igarra, Edo, Etsako/Afemai, Esan and Okpamheri. Edo State is home to several ethnicities, among them the Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afemai/Etsako, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Igbanke, Emai, and Ijaw. Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar, Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger Beaches at Ilushi, BFFM Building at Ewu, College of Agriculture and","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"14131016","text":"John Ewerekumoh Yeri John Ewerekumoh Yeri was a Nigerian soldier who served as Governor of Bendel State between 1990 and 1991, and then continued as governor of Edo State until January 1992 after Bendel State was split into Edo State and Delta State. He was military governor during the administration of General Ibrahim Babangida, and handed over to an elected civilian governor in January 1992. In a speech in December 1991, he said that the Military Administration held traditional rulers in high esteem, and expected them to enlighten their subjects about Government policies and programs at the grass root level.","title":"John Ewerekumoh Yeri"},{"id":"5535833","text":"Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery. The state produces crude oil. and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The Edojobs initiative was launched in 2016 as part of Governor Godwin Obasekis promise to create 200,000 new jobs in the region. Edo State Edo is a state in Nigeria. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million people. It is made up of 3 major ethnic","title":"Edo State"},{"id":"13930482","text":"the 1st of Agbede, who was not educated, but was assumed or endowed with the knowledge of various Languages who was also the first Muslim King in the area now known as Edo State, could speak many languages even though he had no schooling in these tongues. It is said that he began to pray and act like a Muslim, years before he came across Nupe and Hausa mallams in his community. Oba Momodu the 1st who ruled from 1890-1912 was unique in many ways, so say the accounts. He was the Oba of Agbede in Edo State, and could","title":"Etsako West"},{"id":"10080332","text":"Ogbidi Okojie Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie (king) of Uromi (1857 – February 3, 1944), was a ruler of the Esan people in what is now Edo State in Nigeria, still remembered for his opposition to British rule. According to Uromi lore, he was born in the seventh month of gestation, coming 14th in the line of succession to the Uromi throne. As an African monarch, he believed in his divine right to wield absolute power. Those beliefs motivated his opposition to British Rule, which led to his first exile to Calabar in 1900. In Nigeria, at the end of the nineteenth","title":"Ogbidi Okojie"},{"id":"4091591","text":"for two terms on the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization (ILO), serving on the committee on Freedom of Association. He was also a member of the Executive Board of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. In April 2007, Adams Oshiomhole ran for Governor of Edo State under the Action Congress Party, with which his Labour Party had entered a strategic alliance. Oserheimen Osunbor of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) was declared the winner. However, the AC contested the election on the basis of various irregularities. On 20 March 2008, an Edo State election tribunal nullified the election","title":"Adams Oshiomhole"},{"id":"13501689","text":"the Esama's sons, Lucky, was a two-term Local Government Chairman and two-term Governor of Edo State, another, Charles, was a Local Government Chairman and one time Edo State Commissioner of Education, while yet another, Peter, was the Managing Director of Nigerian Aviation Authority.Esama's daughter, Omosede is in the House of Representatives for Edo State. Gabriel Igbinedion Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion is the Esama of the Benin Kingdom in Nigeria. The title \"Esama\" traditionally means the \"Son of the people\", with responsibilities including assisting the poor in medial, monetary and private venture forms. He was suspended from participating in palace activities in","title":"Gabriel Igbinedion"},{"id":"11641126","text":"Edo people of the west Niger area were run by a group of local chieftains, but by the 15th century a single ruler known as the 'oba' had asserted control, creating the Kingdom of Dahomey. Under the dynasty established by Ewuare the Great, the most famous of the obas, Dahoney's territory expanded to cover a region between the Niger River delta and what is now the Nigerian city of Lagos. The obas brought great prosperity and a highly organized state to Benin. They also established good relations and an extensive slave trade with the Portuguese and Dutch who arrived from","title":"French Dahomey"},{"id":"1424308","text":"again between 1787 and 1793 by the shogun's chief councilor Matsudaira Sadanobu (1759-1829). Others shoguns debased the coinage to pay debts, which caused inflation. By 1800, the commercialization of the economy grew rapidly, bringing more and more remote villages into the national economy. Rich farmers appeared who switched from rice to high-profit commercial crops and engaged in local money-lending, trade, and small-scale manufacturing. Some wealthy merchants sought higher social status by using money to marry into the samurai class. A few domains, notably Chōsū and Satsuma, used innovative methods to restore their finances, but most sunk further into debt. The","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"14929155","text":"Hadım Suleiman Pasha Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; ; 1467 – September 1547) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander. He was the (viceroy) of Ottoman Egypt in 1525–1535 and 1537–1538, and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1541 and 1544. He was a Hungarian eunuch, his epithet \"hadım\" meaning \"eunuch\" in Turkish. As governor of Egypt, he was ordered by the sultan on an expedition to the Indian Ocean, where he led the capture of Aden and the Siege of Diu in 1538. Suleiman Pasha was a benefactor of his long-serving successor for Egyptian governorship, Davud Pasha (served 1538–1549),","title":"Hadım Suleiman Pasha"},{"id":"6597433","text":"that the commander of his garrison, Ōta Suketaka, had betrayed him and opened the gates to the Hōjō. This battle would mark the beginning of a seventeen-year struggle between the Hōjō and Uesugi clans for dominance of the Kantō. Siege of Edo In the 1524 Siege of Edo, also known as the , the Hōjō, led by Hōjō Ujitsuna, besieged Edo castle, which was held by Uesugi Tomooki. Though Edo has since become the Japanese metropolis of Tokyo, it was then a more or less insignificant fishing village in the Kantō region. Eager to repel the attackers, Uesugi Tomooki led","title":"Siege of Edo"},{"id":"1424297","text":"inner conflict, the first goal of the newly established Tokugawa government was to pacify the country. It created a balance of power that remained (fairly) stable for the next 250 years, influenced by Confucian principles of social order. Most samurai lost their direct possession of the land: the \"daimyō\" took over their land. The samurai had a choice: give up their sword and become peasants, or move to the city of their feudal lord and become a paid retainer. Only a few land samurai remained in the border provinces of the north, or as direct vassals of the \"shōgun\", the","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"1424338","text":"sought imperial sanction. The court officials, perceiving the weakness of the \"bakufu\", rejected Hotta's request and thus suddenly embroiled Kyoto and the emperor in Japan's internal politics for the first time in many centuries. When the \"shōgun\" died without an heir, Nariaki appealed to the court for support of his own son, Tokugawa Yoshinobu (or Keiki), for \"shōgun\", a candidate favored by the \"shinpan\" and \"tozama daimyō\". The \"fudai\" won the power struggle, however, installing Tokugawa Yoshitomi, arresting Nariaki and Keiki, executing Yoshida Shōin (1830–1859), a leading \"sonnō-jōi\" intellectual who had opposed the American treaty and plotted a revolution against","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"20884678","text":"Izevbokun Oshodin Izevbokun Oshodin (also Izevbokun Osodin) (circa 1850-1929) was a chief in the ancient Kingdom of Benin in present day Edo State of Nigeria. He was one of the loyal lieutenants of Oba (king) Ovonramwen, the exiled ruler of Benin who worked with the British colonial authorities to administer what was left of the ancient kingdom of Benin after the Benin Massacre and the subsequent military operation against Benin that destroyed most of the city in 1897. He was first appointed a Warrant Chief and member of the Native Council constituted by the new British Resident.. He was later","title":"Izevbokun Oshodin"},{"id":"13989811","text":"should be cleaned. Also, a sign board containing the details about the size of canon mentioning it as ‘the longest canon in the world is required. The Bahmanis ruled over most of the Deccan until the late 15th and early 16th century, when the kingdom was divided into five independent states. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658–1707) captured the fort in the 17th century (1687) and appointed Asaf Jah I (\"Nizam-ul-Mulk\") as the Governor of the Deccan. In the early part of the 18th century, when Mughal Empire was declining, the Nizam became independent in 1724, and formed the Hyderabad State,","title":"Gulbarga Fort"},{"id":"20884680","text":"and is located at the beginning of Sakponba Road near the busy King's Square in Benin City Izevbokun Oshodin Izevbokun Oshodin (also Izevbokun Osodin) (circa 1850-1929) was a chief in the ancient Kingdom of Benin in present day Edo State of Nigeria. He was one of the loyal lieutenants of Oba (king) Ovonramwen, the exiled ruler of Benin who worked with the British colonial authorities to administer what was left of the ancient kingdom of Benin after the Benin Massacre and the subsequent military operation against Benin that destroyed most of the city in 1897. He was first appointed a","title":"Izevbokun Oshodin"},{"id":"15242287","text":"Benin City, Nigeria. In 1923 his first son was born Prince Solomon Aiseokhuoba Igbinoghodua Akenzua, whose chosen title was founded on the name Ere, relating to Oba Eresonye who is traditionally considered to be an incredibly wealthy Oba. Akenzua II Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Akenzua II (January 7, 1899–June 11, 1978) was the Oba of Benin (traditional leader of the Edo people, in Nigeria) from 1933 until his death in 1978. Akenzua II was enthroned as Oba of Benin in April 1933 following the death of his father, Eweka II (r.1914 – 1933) in February that year. Oba Akenzua","title":"Akenzua II"},{"id":"1424339","text":"the bakufu), and signing treaties with the United States and five other nations, thus ending more than 200 years of exclusion. Recently some scholars have suggested that there were more events that spurred this opening of Japan. From 1716 to 1745 Yoshimune (eighth Tokugawa \"shōgun\" from 1716–1745) started the first Kyōhō reforms in an attempt to gain more revenue for the government. In 1767, to 1786 Tanuma Okitsugu also initiated some unorthodox economic reforms to expand government income. This led his conservative opponents to attack him and take his position as he was forced from government in disgrace. Similarly, Matsudaira","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"10485084","text":"to Nigerian Independence on the 1st day of October, 1960. Enahoro was survived by his wife Helen [née Ediae] (1933-2012), their five children, several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Anthony Enahoro Chief Anthony Eromosele Enahoro (22 July 1923 – 15 December 2010) was one of Nigeria's foremost anti-colonial and pro-democracy activists. He was born the eldest of twelve children in Uromi in the present Edo State of Nigeria. His Esan parents were Anastasius Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) and Fidelia Victoria Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969). Enahoro has had a long and distinguished career in the press, politics, the civil service and the pro-democracy","title":"Anthony Enahoro"},{"id":"2020091","text":"of that marriage, a girl, eventually succeeded to the throne of Japan to become Empress Meishō. The city of Edo was also heavily developed under his reign. In \"Genna\" 9 (1623) Hidetada resigned the government to his eldest son and heir, Tokugawa Iemitsu. Like his father before him, Hidetada became \"Ōgosho\" or retired \"shōgun\", and retained effective power. He enacted draconian anti-Christian measures, which Ieyasu had only considered: he banned Christian books, forced Christian \"daimyōs\" to commit suicide, ordered all other Christians to apostatize, and executed the fifty-five Christians (both Japanese and foreign) who refused to renounce Christianity or to","title":"Tokugawa Hidetada"},{"id":"6737521","text":"strong, of the ‘’Igene’’ age group and a feared medicine man and man of valour. Typical Esan weapons would include the bow and arrow, crossbow, barbed cudgel and machete, in addition to Dane guns used after the fifteenth century. War would be declared if the kingdom was attacked, if a wife was seized, or if a man was killed (if the latter two occurred, the kingdom could choose to make reprisals.) The 14 April 2007 gubernatorial election in Edo State saw the emergence of Prof. Oserheimen Aigberadion Osunbor from Ekpoma as the next governor of Nigeria's 22nd largest state. Before","title":"Esan people"},{"id":"2115671","text":"Portuguese as \"Benin\" in their own language. Around 1470, Ẹwuare changed the name of the state to Ẹdo. This was about the time the people of Ọkpẹkpẹ migrated from Benin City. Alternatively, Yorubas believe Oduduwa was from the Middle East and migrated from that area to the present Ile Ife. Because of his power and military might he was able to conqurer the enimies invading Ife city. That was why the people of Ile Ife made him the King or Oni of Ife city. In any case, it is agreed upon by both the Yoruba and Edos that Oduduwa sent","title":"Benin City"},{"id":"19342552","text":"and proceeded to the Nigerian Law School, Lagos where he bagged the Bachelor of Law (BL). Osagie Ize-Iyamu is happily married to Pastor (Dr) Idia Ize-Iyamu, a Consultant Orthodontist with the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and a Senior Lecturer in the University of Benin. They are blessed with four children. Osagie Ize-Iyamu Osagie Ize-Iyamu is a Nigerian pastor, political figure, former chief of staff and secretary to the Edo state government. He is the gubernatorial nominee of the Edo state People's Democratic Party for the 2016 Edo state gubernatorial election. He was previously a member of the All Progressives","title":"Osagie Ize-Iyamu"},{"id":"14131147","text":"thought to have played an important role in the decision. The choice of Oyegun, from the mostly Christian south of the country, is calculated to win both Christian and Moslem voters in the challenge to President Goodluck Jonathan's People's Democratic Party (PDP). John Odigie Oyegun John Odigie Oyegun (born 12 August 1939) is a Nigerian politician who is serving as the first national chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria. He was also the Executive Governor of Edo State between 1992 and 1993, during the aborted Nigerian Third Republic. John Odigie Oyegun was born on August 12, 1939, in","title":"John Odigie Oyegun"},{"id":"16474488","text":"Otegbeye began moving toward conservative positions and became a leading figure of the Yoruba Council of Elders. During the Sani Abacha regime, Otegbeye was active in the National Democratic Coalition (NADECO). Tunji Otegbeye died in Ilaro in 2009. After his death, many prominent personalities paid tribute to him, including former president Olusegun Obasanjo and the governors of the Ogun, Edo and Ekiti states. Tunji Otegbeye Jeremiah Olatunji Otegbeye (14 July 1925 – 9 October 2009) was a Nigerian politician, trade unionist and medical doctor. Otegbeye hailed from the Yewa community. Otegbeye was born in Ilaro, where he attended the Christ","title":"Tunji Otegbeye"},{"id":"14128783","text":"Party (ANPP) platform. Later that year, Onyearugbulem died suddenly in a hotel room in Kaduna in somewhat mysterious circumstances. Anthony Onyearugbulem Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem (1955–2002) was a Nigerian navy captain who served as Military Administrator of Ondo State (August 1996 - August 1998) during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. He then became Military Administrator of Edo State in August 1998, handing over power to the civilian governor Lucky Igbinedion in May 1999. Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem was born on 9 July 1955 in Owalla Avuvu in Ikeduru, Imo State. He was educated at St. Columbia's Secondary School, Amaimo (1970–1972)","title":"Anthony Onyearugbulem"},{"id":"19342547","text":"Osagie Ize-Iyamu Osagie Ize-Iyamu is a Nigerian pastor, political figure, former chief of staff and secretary to the Edo state government. He is the gubernatorial nominee of the Edo state People's Democratic Party for the 2016 Edo state gubernatorial election. He was previously a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He was the National vice-chairman, South-South Zone of the defunct Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN). He served as Director General of Adams Oshiomhole's 2nd term Campaign Organisation. He was also the Coordinator of Goodluck/Sambo Campaign Organisation. Recently, he was honoured by the Benson Idahosa University with an honorary doctorate","title":"Osagie Ize-Iyamu"},{"id":"1424282","text":"Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional \"daimyō\". The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, \"no more wars\", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo. A revolution took place from the time of","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"1424286","text":"national authority and the \"daimyō\" had regional authority. This represented a new unity in the feudal structure, which featured an increasingly large bureaucracy to administer the mixture of centralized and decentralized authorities. The Tokugawa became more powerful during their first century of rule: land redistribution gave them nearly seven million \"koku\", control of the most important cities, and a land assessment system reaping great revenues. The feudal hierarchy was completed by the various classes of \"daimyō\". Closest to the Tokugawa house were the \"shinpan\", or \"related houses\". They were twenty-three \"daimyō\" on the borders of Tokugawa lands, all directly related","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"1667924","text":"P. B. S. Pinchback Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (born Pinckney Benton Stewart May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) was an American publisher and politician, a Union Army officer, and the first African American to become governor of a U.S. state. A Republican, Pinchback served as the 24th Governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873. He was one of the most prominent African-American officeholders during the Reconstruction Era. Pinchback was born free in Macon, Georgia to a mulatto woman and a white planter. His father, William Pinchback, raised the younger Pinchback as his own son on","title":"P. B. S. Pinchback"},{"id":"14093659","text":"Christian Onoh Christian Onoh, popularly known as CC Onoh, (27 April 1927 – 5 May 2009) was a Nigerian businessman and lawyer who became governor of Anambra State in 1983 at the end of the Nigerian Second Republic. He was also the father-in-law of Emeka Ojukwu. Onoh was born on 27 April 1927 in Enugu Ngwo, in coal country in what is now Enugu State. His father died when he was 8 years old and he was brought up by his cousin Donald Oji. Starting in the late 1940s, he worked as a contractor, then produce inspector and then livestock","title":"Christian Onoh"},{"id":"14134451","text":"Ita David Ikpeme Ita David Ikpeme is a retired Nigerian airforce group captain who served as the first Governor of Ondo State (February 1976 – July 1978) after it was carved out of the old Western State during the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo. Ita David Ikpeme obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of London. During his tenure as Governor of Ondo State, he initiated road construction in Akure, the Ondo State capital. In December 1985 he was named as a suspect in a coup plot against the military regime of General Ibrahim","title":"Ita David Ikpeme"},{"id":"13136860","text":"dictator General Sani Abacha, Alhaji Adeyemo continued to be politically active and assumed the status of a 'Godfather' owing to his sphere of influence across the political terrain and oligarchy. This was demonstrated by his unquestionable role in the political aspiration of Otunba Adeniyi Adebayo as first Governor elect, Ekiti State, under the platform of the Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria), in 1999. A shortlist of his political alliances includes Samuel Adekunle Ajasin JP, Alhaji Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Alhaji Baba Gana Kingibe, Chief Olu Falae, General Adeyinka Adebayo, Evangelist Bamidele Olumilua, Olusegun Kokumo Agagu, Alhaji Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa, Pa Abraham Adesanya,","title":"Alhaji Abdul Azeez Kolawole Adeyemo"},{"id":"3227026","text":"Edward Tiffin Edward Tiffin (June 19, 1766August 9, 1829) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio, and first Governor of the state. Sources indicate that he was born in Carlisle; however he may have been born in or near Workington — also in the then county of Cumberland, England. Tiffin attended the Latin school in Carlisle, and became an apprentice to a student of medicine in 1778. Six years later he completed his apprenticeship. His family emigrated to Virginia in 1783, and he began practicing medicine at the age of seventeen. In 1789, he married Mary Worthington of Berkeley County, sister","title":"Edward Tiffin"},{"id":"19423331","text":"Securities and Exchange Commission Committee on the Re-activation of the Nigerian Bond Market and the review of the Investment and Securities Act. Between 2006 and 2009, he served as a member of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Council. He is a Trustee of the Dr Jackson Owen Obaseki Foundation, a family-owned Non-Governmental Organization NGO. Since assuming duty as Executive Governor of Edo State on November 12, 2016, Mr. Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki has enacted projects with the aim of making the state an investment hub. Such projects, includes: Asides his infrastructural projects, he has also enacted a number of social development initiatives.","title":"Godwin Obaseki"},{"id":"132314","text":"Edo , also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a \"floating world\". From the establishment of the Tokugawa \"bakufu\" headquarters at Edo, the town became the \"de facto\" capital and center of political power, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. Edo grew from what had been a small,","title":"Edo"},{"id":"132307","text":"Edo , also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a \"floating world\". From the establishment of the Tokugawa \"bakufu\" headquarters at Edo, the town became the \"de facto\" capital and center of political power, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. Edo grew from what had been a small,","title":"Edo"},{"id":"2115948","text":"Oba of Benin The Oba of Benin is the traditional ruler of the Edo people and all Edoid people and head of the historic Eweka dynasty of the Benin Empire - a West African empire centred on Benin City, in modern-day Nigeria. The ancient Benin homeland (not to be confused with the modern-day and unrelated Republic of Benin, which was then known as Dahomey) has been and continues to be mostly populated by the Edo (also known as the Bini or Benin ethnic group). The title of Oba was used after the Ogiso title and was created by Oranmiyan, Benin","title":"Oba of Benin"},{"id":"19686311","text":"Yakubu Itua Justice Yakubu Itua (October 9, 1941 – August 8, 2006) was a Nigerian jurist and formal member of the federal House of Representatives in 1983. He was appointed a judge in the Edo state judiciary in 1999, by the then military governor of Edo state, Navy Captain Anthony Onyearugbulem with recommendation by the National Judiciary commission. Itua was born in Ewu a small town in Esan Central local government area of present-day Edo state. He attended St Patric's college Asaba Delta state. for his secondary school education.He briefly worked with the Nigerian Institute Of Oil Palm Research Benin.","title":"Yakubu Itua"},{"id":"10744176","text":"Limited, Chairman / Managing Director Tamsaks Nigeria Limited and Chairman Bridgestone Finance Limited. He was honored with the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR). The University of Ilorin awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Law in 1998. He died in 2002. George Agbazika Innih George Agbazika Innih (25 September 1938 – 15 August 2002) was a Nigerian Army General and Statesman. He was the Military Governor of Bendel and Kwara States. George Agbazika Innih was born on September 25, 1938 at Agenebode, Etsako East Local Government Area (LGA) of Edo State. He was educated at catholic school, Akure, the Government","title":"George Agbazika Innih"},{"id":"1424344","text":"1866. Finally, in 1867, Emperor Kōmei died and was succeeded by his underaged son Emperor Meiji. Tokugawa Yoshinobu reluctantly became head of the Tokugawa house and \"shōgun\". He tried to reorganize the government under the emperor while preserving the \"shōgun\"s leadership role. Fearing the growing power of the Satsuma and Chōshū \"daimyō\", other \"daimyō\" called for returning the \"shōgun\"s political power to the emperor and a council of \"daimyō\" chaired by the former Tokugawa \"shōgun\". Yoshinobu accepted the plan in late 1867 and resigned, announcing an \"imperial restoration\". The Satsuma, Chōshū, and other \"han\" leaders and radical courtiers, however, rebelled,","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"10080338","text":"his people as Although he died many years ago, his legacy continues in many different parts of the world, from North America to Europe to Australia, where some of his grandchildren and great grandchildren currently reside. Ogbidi Okojie Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie (king) of Uromi (1857 – February 3, 1944), was a ruler of the Esan people in what is now Edo State in Nigeria, still remembered for his opposition to British rule. According to Uromi lore, he was born in the seventh month of gestation, coming 14th in the line of succession to the Uromi throne. As an African monarch,","title":"Ogbidi Okojie"},{"id":"11519789","text":"was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote: Morton 532½, J. Sloat Fassett 69, Cornelius N. Bliss 40½, Stewart L. Woodford 40, Daniel Butterfield 29, Leslie W. Russell 20, James Arkell 1). Charles T. Saxton was nominated after receiving 340 votes on the first ballot (393 votes were cast for James W. Wadsworth, George W. Aldridge, George E. Green, Arthur C. Wade, Francis Hendricks, Henry J. Coggeshall, Albert D. Shaw and Azariah C. Brundage) and a few subsequent changes. Albert Haight was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the second ballot. The Democratic state convention met on September","title":"1894 New York state election"},{"id":"13051342","text":"amass relatively large amounts of wealth but remained in the same class because of their association with the land. Wealthier families and those that held their own land and paid taxes were held in much higher regard and had more political influence in village matters. However, the survival of the village depended on every household cooperating to meet the tax burden and overcome natural disasters such as famines. During the reign of the third Tokugawa \"shōgun\", Iemitsu, farmers were not allowed to eat any of the rice they grew. They had to hand it all over to their daimyo and","title":"Edo society"},{"id":"7012384","text":"Richard W. Leche Richard Webster Leche (May 17, 1898 – February 22, 1965) was an American attorney, judge, and politician, elected as the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana. He served from 1936 until 1939, when he resigned. Convicted on federal charges of misuse of federal funds, Leche was the first Louisiana chief executive to be imprisoned. Richard Webster Leche was born in New Orleans, the son of Eustace Leche, a salesman, and the former Stella Eloise (Richard), a teacher. After attending local schools and graduating from Warren Easton High School, Leche entered Tulane University in 1916. His","title":"Richard W. Leche"},{"id":"1424296","text":"which everyone knew their place and level of prestige. At the top were the Emperor and the court nobility, invincible in prestige but weak in power. Next came the shōgun, \"daimyō\" and layers of feudal lords whose rank was indicated by their closeness to the Tokugawa. They had power. The \"daimyō\" comprised about 250 local lords of local \"han\" with annual outputs of 50,000 or more bushels of rice. The upper strata was much given to elaborate and expensive rituals, including elegant architecture, landscaped gardens, Noh drama, patronage of the arts, and the tea ceremony. After a long period of","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"14658818","text":"for the Ashikaga. Dokan built Edo Castle on the site. The Edo clan then moved to Kitami. In 1593, in a pledge of obedience to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami. Katsutada was employed by the first and second Tokugawa \"shōguns\", reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka. Katsutada's grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, found favor with the fifth \"shōgun\" Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. He rose from the position of hatamoto, with a stipend of one thousand koku, to sobayonin, or \"Grand Chamberlain\", with a stipend of twenty thousand. It was an influential post, responsible for relaying messages","title":"Edo clan"},{"id":"14464544","text":"Igodomigodo Igodomigodo is the historical first name of the now fallen Benin Empire, as called by its own inhabitants (nowadays known as the Edo people of Nigeria). According to oral history of the Edo, Igodomigodo was the name of the kingdom as given by Igodo, the first \"ogiso\" (King). The \"ogiso\" era, started by Igodo, would be the first dynasty of what would later be known as the Benin Empire (which itself existed from around 1180 until 1897 in the area of the present-day Federal Republic of Nigeria (and remarkably not in the area of the unrelated, current Republic of","title":"Igodomigodo"},{"id":"14563371","text":"Oserheimen Osunbor Oserheimen Osunbor, (born 5 October 1951), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the Governor of Edo State of Nigeria from 29 May 2007 to 11 November 2008. Oserheimen Osunbor was born on 5 October 1951 in Iruekpen, Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. He attended P.T.T.C Demonstration Primary School Igueben from 1957 to 1962, then Anglican Grammar School Ujoelen Ekpoma from 1963 to 1968 and then obtained his sixth from at Holy Trinity Grammar School Sabongidaa-Ora Edo","title":"Oserheimen Osunbor"},{"id":"1424337","text":"back of the West, and the founding of a world empire under the divine Yamato dynasty. In the final years of the Tokugawas, foreign contacts increased as more concessions were granted. The new treaty with the United States in 1859 allowed more ports to be opened to diplomatic representatives, unsupervised trade at four additional ports, and foreign residences in Osaka and Edo. It also embodied the concept of extraterritoriality (foreigners were subject to the laws of their own countries but not to Japanese law). Hotta lost the support of key \"daimyō\", and when Tokugawa Nariaki opposed the new treaty, Hotta","title":"Edo period"},{"id":"4091592","text":"of Oserheimen Osunbor and declared Oshiomhole the winner. On 11 November 2008, a federal Appeal Court sitting in Benin City upheld the ruling of the state's elections petitions tribunal, declaring Oshiomole to be the Governor of Edo State. The decision was based on several voting irregularities. In 2012, he was elected to a second term, winning the elections in a massive landslide. He ended his tenure on November 12 2016. On 23 June 2018, Adams Oshiomhole emerged as the national chairman of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria following a voice vote by delegates at the party National convention.","title":"Adams Oshiomhole"},{"id":"7991400","text":"when he was young and who recognized him immediately in the chaos. Supporters of Uwaifaikon entered Edo's house and killed him trying to find Ohun who had hidden. Ogun then exited the house and gathered his supporters and was able to assert his right to the throne. In Egharevba's version, during a visit to the city during his exile, Ogun was taken in by a prominent chief who hid him in a dried well but then went to tell the authorities. The head slave of the chief, named Edo, let down a ladder into the well and advised Ewuare to","title":"Ewuare"},{"id":"18567611","text":"Maleke Maleke Moye Idowu (born 14 February 1979) is a Nigerian comedian, Executive Director to Edo State Governor on Entertainment and the PMAN (Performing Musician Employers Association Of Nigeria) chairman Edo State Chapter musician, director, actor, and writer from Edo State, Nigeria. Maleke Moye Idowu was born in Benin City, where he attended Oguola primary school in Benin city. He attended secondary school at EdoKpolor Grammar school, and proceeded to Auchi Polytechnic, where he studied Business Administration. Maleke first performed comedy at the Nite of 1000 Laughs show, organized by Opa Williams. During that show, he worked alongside other comedians,","title":"Maleke"},{"id":"18870047","text":"A Fellow of the Institute of Management (FNIM), he was elected Member of Council of NIM in 2006; where he served two terms. He is currently a member of the Board of Fellows of the Institute, a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Public Administrators of Nigeria and a Justice of Peace. Chief Oghiadomhe is a three-star Paul Harris Fellow and a Melvin Jones Fellow. He has over 30 traditional titles, spread over the entire spectrum of the federation of Nigeria. Mike Oghiadomhe Chief Mike Aiyegbeni Oghiadomhe (born 4 September 1955) was the Deputy Governor of Edo State, Nigeria from","title":"Mike Oghiadomhe"},{"id":"1445520","text":"Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to a poor father, Penystone Hastings, and a mother, Hester Hastings, who died soon after he was born. Despite","title":"Warren Hastings"},{"id":"14034905","text":"In November 2007, at an enlarged meeting of the PDP at the Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium in Benin, Ogbemudia spoke strongly against proposals by Anthony Anenih to change existing zoning arrangement of offices, then walked out of the meeting. In December 2006, Ogbemudia expressed support for the presidential bid of Dr Mohammed Buba Marwa. On 20 March 2008, a tribunal nullified the election of Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) as Edo State governor due to voting irregularities, and declared comrade Adams Oshiomhole of the Action Congress as the winner. In an interview in November that year, as a prominent member of the PDP","title":"Samuel Ogbemudia"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"5535827\",\n \"text\": \"the state. The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976. It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City. It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state. During the Nigerian Civil War, the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos, in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6368924\",\n \"text\": \"Lucky Igbinedion Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion (born 13 May 1957) was the governor of Edo State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Lucky is a son of Gabriel Igbinedion, Esama of the Kingdom of Benin. He holds a BSc in marketing (1982) from the University of Wyoming, Laramie, and an MBA (1983) from Jackson State University, Mississippi, in the United States. Chief Igbinedion was appointed Mayor of Oredo Municipality (a local government area in Nigeria) in 1987 and held the position until 1989. In 1989, he was\",\n \"title\": \"Lucky Igbinedion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19582036\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election The Edo State gubernatorial election was held on 28 September 2016 to determine the Governorof Edo State. The election was originally scheduled for 10 September, however two days before, on 8 September it was postponed due to security concerns. The incumbent governor, Adams Oshiomhole, was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term due to term limits established in the Fifth Amendment to the Nigeria Constitution. He was succeeded by Godwin Obaseki, who defeated PDP candidate Osagie Ize-Iyamu in the election. The Governor of Edo State is elected using the plurality voting system. In the\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19850402\",\n \"text\": \"degree from Rutgers University Graduate School, New Jersey, USA. He worked at the United Nations between 1981 and 1982. He also served as Nigeria's Ambassador to Angola and Sweden, with accreditation to Norway, Denmark and the Republic of Finland. He was also Nigeria's Ambassador to Italy. Ewuare II chose his name as tribute to the 15th-century Ewuare I. Since his ascension to the throne, Ewuare II has worked closely with Godwin Obaseki, the governor of Edo State. Like many of his predecessors, he has unsuccessfully demanded that the spiritually and historically important Benin Bronzes that were stolen in 1897 by\",\n \"title\": \"Ewuare II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13022427\",\n \"text\": \"BC; it has thus been unclear when, how and why Edom ceased to exist as a state, although many scholars point to scriptural references in the Bible, specifically the historical \\\"Book of Obadiah\\\", to explain this fact. Edom is mentioned in Assyrian cuneiform inscriptions in the form \\\"\\\"Udumi\\\"\\\" (𒌑𒁺𒈪) or \\\"\\\"Udumu\\\"\\\" (𒌑𒁺𒈬); three of its kings are known from the same source: Ḳaus-malaka at the time of Tiglath-pileser III (c. 745 BC), Malik-rammu at the time of Sennacherib (c. 705 BC), and Ḳaus-gabri at the time of Esarhaddon (c. 680 BC). According to the Egyptian inscriptions, the \\\"Aduma\\\" at times\",\n \"title\": \"Edom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10992581\",\n \"text\": \"Edo people The Edo or Bini (from the word \\\"Benin\\\") people are an ethnic group primarily found in Edo State, and spread across the Delta, Ondo, and Rivers states of Nigeria. They speak the Edo language and are the descendants of the founders of the Benin Empire. They are closely related to other ethnic groups that speak Edoid languages, such as the Esan, the Afemai and the Owan. The name \\\"Benin\\\" (and \\\"Bini\\\") is a Portuguese corruption, ultimately from the word \\\"Ubinu\\\", which came into use during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great, c. 1440. \\\"Ubinu\\\" was used to\",\n \"title\": \"Edo people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18870044\",\n \"text\": \"under the platform of the United Nigeria Congress Party. Subsequent to the truncation of that transition programme, he was elected Deputy Governor of Edo State alongside Lucky Igbinedion on the platform of the People's Democratic Party, PDP and successfully served two terms from 1999 to 2007. In the course of service, he received several awards for his unalloyed loyalty and outstanding performance. In appreciation of his immense contributions to Edo State, the entire traditional rulers of the State unanimously conferred upon him the title of OLUETSENIGIE of Edo land. He remains the first and only Edo man to hold a\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Oghiadomhe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14136885\",\n \"text\": \"Ambrose Folorunsho Alli Ambrose Folorunsho Alli (22 September 1929 – 22 September 1989) was a Nigerian medical professor who served as Executive Governor of the defunct Nigerian state of Bendel State (now the Nigerian states of Edo and Delta ) between 1979 and 1983. He was the first civilian governor. Ambrose Folorunsho Alli was born in Idoani, Ondo state on 22 September 1929. In his childhood he moved between Oka-Odo, Ekpoma, Owo, Efon-Alaye, Benin City and Asaba, where he completed his secondary education in 1948. He attended the School of Agriculture Ibadan (1948) and the School of Medical Technology, Adeoyo\",\n \"title\": \"Ambrose Folorunsho Alli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535829\",\n \"text\": \"because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City the capital has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of the flash points have remained enviable tourists’ attraction for the state. The main ethnic groups in Edo State are: Edos, Afemais, Esans, Owans and Akoko Edos. Virtually all the groups traced their origin to Benin City hence the dialects of the groups vary with their distance from Benin City. The Bini speaking people who occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas of the state constitute 57.54%\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18870042\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Oghiadomhe Chief Mike Aiyegbeni Oghiadomhe (born 4 September 1955) was the Deputy Governor of Edo State, Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 and Chief of Staff to former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan from 2011 to 2014. He was born in Fugar, in Etsako Central Local Government Area of present-day Edo State of Nigeria. He is a 1978 graduate of soil science from the University of Ibadan; a holder of an MBA degree from University of Benin (1982), currently a Doctoral student at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. In March 2011, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Oghiadomhe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14131145\",\n \"text\": \"John Odigie Oyegun John Odigie Oyegun (born 12 August 1939) is a Nigerian politician who is serving as the first national chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria. He was also the Executive Governor of Edo State between 1992 and 1993, during the aborted Nigerian Third Republic. John Odigie Oyegun was born on August 12, 1939, in Warri, Delta State to an Edo father and Urhobo mother from Agbarha Ughelli. He attended St. Patrick’s College, Asaba, and then went to the University of Ibadan where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Economics. He then served in various capacities as\",\n \"title\": \"John Odigie Oyegun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14131146\",\n \"text\": \"a federal civil servant working as a development planner. Chief John Oyegun was elected as civilian governor of Edo State on the SDP platform, during the transition to democracy launched by General Ibrahim Babangida and served from January 1992 to November 1993. He was removed from office after General Sani Abacha seized power. Later, he became a leader of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). In 2009 he was chairman of the Technical Working Committee of CODER. On 13 June 2014 Odigie-Oyegun was elected as national chairman of the APC. Bola Tinubu of Lagos State, the APC national leader, is\",\n \"title\": \"John Odigie Oyegun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6737522\",\n \"text\": \"the State's creation on 27 August 1991, Prof. Ambrose Folorunso Alli had governed Bendel State (1979–1983), making it the second Esan to govern Edo State. Unlike the Prof. Ambrose Alli mandate/victory, Prof. Osunbor's is widely believed to be mired in controversy of widespread irregularities by the ruling party in the State. Litigation is however on and the new governor has since 29 May 2007 been sworn in for a four-year term. On 20 March 2008, the Edo State Election Tribunal declared the former labour leader, Adams Oshiomhole, governor of Edo State. Following Prof. Osunbor's appeal, the Appeal Court's verdict of\",\n \"title\": \"Esan people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535828\",\n \"text\": \"occupation, the state was declared as the “Republic of Benin” as Nigerian forces were to retake the region. The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was formed on August 27, 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million. It is made up of three major ethnic groups; namely Edo (Binis), Esan and Afemai (Owan/Etsako) with Akoko Edo. However the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14034894\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Ogbemudia Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 September 1932 – 9 March 2017) was a Nigerian army officer and politician. He was military Governor (1967–1975) of the Mid-West State, later renamed Bendel State, part of which in turn became Edo State. After the return to democracy in 1999, he became a power in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). In September 2009, Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo state and others attended his 77th birthday celebration in Benin. Osaigbovo Ogbemudia was born in Benin City on September 17, 1932, he was named after his grandfather. In Edo language, the name Ogbemudia can be\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Ogbemudia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535826\",\n \"text\": \"Edo State Edo is a state in Nigeria. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million people. It is made up of 3 major ethnic groups; namely the Edo's In Benin, Esan, Owan, and Etsako. However the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City the capital has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of the African continent many centuries ago. Some of the flash points have remained enviable tourists’ attractions for\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424285\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"shōgun\\\" helped consolidate the alliance system. After further strengthening his power base, Ieyasu installed his son Hidetada (1579–1632) as \\\"shōgun\\\" and himself as retired \\\"shōgun\\\" in 1605. The Toyotomi were still a significant threat, and Ieyasu devoted the next decade to their eradication. In 1615, the Tokugawa army destroyed the Toyotomi stronghold at Osaka. The Tokugawa (or Edo) period brought 250 years of stability to Japan. The political system evolved into what historians call \\\"bakuhan\\\", a combination of the terms \\\"bakufu\\\" and \\\"han\\\" (domains) to describe the government and society of the period. In the \\\"bakuhan\\\", the \\\"shōgun\\\" had\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6368926\",\n \"text\": \"counts of financial fraud. This concerns allegations that he embezzled 24 million (£12m) using front companies. He handed himself over later that month. The Benin Youth Council asked for an apology for statements implying he ran away from justice. Official website Lucky Igbinedion Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion (born 13 May 1957) was the governor of Edo State in Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Lucky is a son of Gabriel Igbinedion, Esama of the Kingdom of Benin. He holds a BSc in marketing (1982) from the University of\",\n \"title\": \"Lucky Igbinedion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19582038\",\n \"text\": \"of 19 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission. APC candidate Obaseki won the election with 52% of the vote to PDP candidate Ize-Iyamu's 41%. The total number of registered voters in the state was 1,900,233 while 622,039 voters were accredited. Voter turnout was 613,244 and the difference in total votes won between the two major candidates was 66,310. 2016 Edo State gubernatorial election The Edo State gubernatorial election was held on 28 September 2016 to determine the Governorof Edo State. The election was originally scheduled for 10 September, however two days before, on 8 September it was postponed\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Edo State gubernatorial election\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13022431\",\n \"text\": \"and the name of his city was Avith. And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah ruled in his place. And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth on the river ruled in his place. And Saul died, and Baal-hanan ben Achbor ruled in his place. And Baal-hanan ben Achbor died, and Hadar ruled in his place, and the name of his city was Pau, and his wife's name was Mehetabel bat Matred bat Mezahab. And these are the names of the clans of Esau by their families, by their places, by their names: clan Timnah, clan Alvah, clan Jetheth, clan Aholibamah,\",\n \"title\": \"Edom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3031197\",\n \"text\": \"family, built Edo Castle in 1457. The castle later came under the control of the Later Hōjō clan in 1524 after the Siege of Edo. The castle was vacated in 1590 due to the Siege of Odawara. Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo Castle his base after he was offered eight eastern provinces by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He later defeated Toyotomi Hideyori, son of Hideyoshi, at the Siege of Osaka in 1615, and emerged as the political leader of Japan. Tokugawa Ieyasu received the title of \\\"Sei-i Taishōgun\\\" in 1603, and Edo became the center of Tokugawa's administration. Initially, parts of the area\",\n \"title\": \"Edo Castle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14128780\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony Onyearugbulem Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem (1955–2002) was a Nigerian navy captain who served as Military Administrator of Ondo State (August 1996 - August 1998) during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. He then became Military Administrator of Edo State in August 1998, handing over power to the civilian governor Lucky Igbinedion in May 1999. Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem was born on 9 July 1955 in Owalla Avuvu in Ikeduru, Imo State. He was educated at St. Columbia's Secondary School, Amaimo (1970–1972) and Enyiogugu High School, Mbaise (1972–1974). He joined the navy and was commissioned on July 1, 1978. Anthony Onyearugbulem\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Onyearugbulem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6368925\",\n \"text\": \"voted the Best Mayor in Nigeria and received an Award for his developmental efforts. Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion was elected governor of Edo State in April 1999 and was reelected in 2003. He and his deputy, Mike Oghiadomhe, held office from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007. During the period of his governorship, he was elected by his colleagues as Chairman of the Nigerian Governors' Forum. His wife, Eki Igbinedion, was active against the widespread sex trafficking of women from Edo State to Europe. In January 2008 he was declared wanted by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission on 142\",\n \"title\": \"Lucky Igbinedion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14034907\",\n \"text\": \"month later, Ogbemudia praised Oshiomhole's accomplishments in his first year of office, leading to speculations of a possible political alliance between the two men. Samuel Ogbemudia Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 September 1932 – 9 March 2017) was a Nigerian army officer and politician. He was military Governor (1967–1975) of the Mid-West State, later renamed Bendel State, part of which in turn became Edo State. After the return to democracy in 1999, he became a power in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). In September 2009, Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo state and others attended his 77th birthday celebration in Benin. Osaigbovo\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Ogbemudia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2408397\",\n \"text\": \"The young boy went on to become the first legitimate ruler of the second Edo dynasty that has ruled what is now Benin from that day to this. Oranmiyan later went on to found the Oyo Empire that stretched at its height from the western banks of the river Niger to the Eastern banks of the river Volta. It would serve as one of the most powerful of Africa's medieval states, prior to its collapse in the 19th century. The Oòni (or king) of Ife is a descendant of the godking Oduduwa, and is counted first among the Yoruba kings.\",\n \"title\": \"Ife\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9495540\",\n \"text\": \"Esigie Oba Esigie was an Oba (king) of Benin who ruled the ancient Benin Kingdom, now Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria (c.1504 – c.1550). Works of art commissioned by Esigie are held in prominent museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the British Museum. At the time of his father Oba Ozolua's death, Esigie controlled Benin City and his brother Arhuaran controlled Udo, a town about northwest of Benin City that was nearly its equal in size and influence. Following a bitter power struggle with Aruaran, and with major assistance and support from his mother Queen Idia, Esigie became\",\n \"title\": \"Esigie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14900426\",\n \"text\": \"Erediauwa Erediauwa (22 June 1923 – 2016) was the 39th Oba of Benin, traditional ruler of the Edo people in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Formerly known as Prince Solomon Akenzua, Oba Erediauwa's full title was \\\"His Royal Majesty Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Erediauwa I\\\". He was succeeded by Ewuare II. Oba Erediauwa took on the title and duties as traditional head of state and rightful heir of the extinct Benin Empire when he was crowned, succeeding his father, Oba Akenzua II, in a ceremony held in Benin City, Nigeria, on 23 March 1979. Erediauwa was born on 22\",\n \"title\": \"Erediauwa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6737523\",\n \"text\": \"11 November 2008 finally laid to rest the gubernatorial dispute, as the five-man panel declared Comrade Adams Aliu Oshiomhole winner and governor of Edo State. The diminutive but vocal and resilient Etsako indigene was thereafter sworn in as governor on 12 November 2008 in a well attended ceremony at the Ogbemudia Stadium, Benin City. Esan Day is celebrated at the Tafawa Balewa square, Lagos every December. During the occasions names of prominent Esan figures are read to loud ovation. Esan folktales and folklore, like the \\\"igbabonẹlimhin\\\" and \\\"akhuẹ\\\", serve as forms of learning and entertainment. The Esan have prominent traditional\",\n \"title\": \"Esan people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13022438\",\n \"text\": \"reference to Idumaea in that passage is an error altogether. Judas Maccabeus conquered their territory for a time around 163 BC. They were again subdued by John Hyrcanus (c. 125 BC), who forcibly converted them, among others, to Judaism, and incorporated them into the Jewish nation. Antipater the Idumaean, the progenitor of the Herodian Dynasty along with Judean progenitors, that ruled Judea after the Roman conquest, was of mixed Edomite/Judean origin. Under Herod the Great, the Idumaea province was ruled for him by a series of governors, among whom were his brother Joseph ben Antipater, and his brother-in-law Costobarus. Josephus,\",\n \"title\": \"Edom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14041054\",\n \"text\": \"Adamu Atta Alhaji Adamu Atta (October 18, 1927 – May 1, 2014) was the first civilian governor of the Nigerian Kwara State during the Second Republic, representing the National Party of Nigeria (NPN). Adamu Atta was an indigene of Ebira land, in present Kogi State. Born in Okene in 1927, he was son of warrant chief Ibrahima Atta, whom the British granted wide powers under the Native Authority system, which undermined the traditional process for selection of a leader in the community. He became the first civilian governor of the state, representing the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), although he\",\n \"title\": \"Adamu Atta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19423325\",\n \"text\": \"Godwin Obaseki Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki (born 1st July, 1959 in Benin City, Nigeria) is a Nigerian politician. He was sworn in as the governor of Edo State, Nigeria on 12 November, 2016. He was the Chairman of the Edo State Economic and Strategy Team inaugurated by former Governor Adams Oshiomole in March 2009. Obaseki holds post graduate degrees in both Finance and International Business, and is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Stock Brokers, Nigeria. Obaseki served as executive board member of several private companies including Afrinvest. Born in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Obaseki is the third child\",\n \"title\": \"Godwin Obaseki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14900430\",\n \"text\": \"with the Benin Kingdom and Nigeria in general. Previously approached with apprehension by the public and media practitioners, the gates of the palace were opened, which normalised communication with the Oba's subjects through a quarterly press conference. Erediauwa Erediauwa (22 June 1923 – 2016) was the 39th Oba of Benin, traditional ruler of the Edo people in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Formerly known as Prince Solomon Akenzua, Oba Erediauwa's full title was \\\"His Royal Majesty Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Erediauwa I\\\". He was succeeded by Ewuare II. Oba Erediauwa took on the title and duties as traditional head\",\n \"title\": \"Erediauwa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2115667\",\n \"text\": \"and raffia work. The original people and founders of the Ẹdo Empire and the Ẹdo people, initially were ruled by the Ogiso (Kings of the Sky) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo. Igodo, the first Ogiso, wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler. He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere, his eldest son. In the 12th century, a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan, son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle. In anger over an oracle, Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court\",\n \"title\": \"Benin City\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9985526\",\n \"text\": \"the 17th century. Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, founder of the dynasty, served the Bahmanis faithfully and in 1496 was appointed governor of Hyderabad State. In 1518, after the death of Mahmud Shah, his patron Quli Qutb Shah declared independence. In 1687, Aurangazeb invaded and annexed Golconda and appointed a Nizam (governor). The Mughal Nizams controlled Andhra for about 35 years. In 1707 Aurangazeb died, and the Mughal regime weakened and lost control of the provinces. This enabled the British East India Company and the French Compagnie des Indes Orientales to consolidate power in India. In a 1753 decree, Deccan subedar\",\n \"title\": \"History of Andhra Pradesh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7991401\",\n \"text\": \"escape. Ogun then took the name Ewuare meaning \\\"the trouble has ceased\\\". Eventually, the honorific \\\"Ogidigan\\\" (the Great) was appended and he is often known as Ewuare Ogidigan or Ewuare the Great. The date for his rise to the throne is not precisely clear but is usually dated to 1440. To honor the slave that had sacrificed his life to save his, Ewuare also renamed the city to Edo (now Benin City). Ewuare is often considered a key state-reformer and crucial in many aspects of state formation in the Benin empire. He consolidated the power of the Oba, changed lineage\",\n \"title\": \"Ewuare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14570004\",\n \"text\": \"Musa Usman Brigadier (air force) Musa Usman was the first governor of North-Eastern State, Nigeria from May 1967 to July 1975 after the state had been formed from part of Northern Region during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon. Usman attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, England gaining his commission in 1962. Major Usman was a participant in the July 1966 coup when Major General Aguiyi Ironsi was overthrown, replaced by General Yakubu Gowon. Appointed governor of North-East State in May 1967, Usman initiated construction of the Ashaka cement factory, eventually opened on 19 July 1979 by Major-General Shehu\",\n \"title\": \"Musa Usman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424283\",\n \"text\": \"the Kamakura shogunate, which existed with the Tennō's court, to the Tokugawa, when the \\\"samurai\\\" became the unchallenged rulers in what historian Edwin O. Reischauer called a \\\"centralized feudal\\\" form of shogunate. Instrumental in the rise of the new-existing bakufu was Tokugawa Ieyasu, the main beneficiary of the achievements of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Already powerful, Ieyasu profited by his transfer to the rich Kantō area. He maintained two million \\\"koku\\\" of land, a new headquarters at Edo, a strategically situated castle town (the future Tokyo), and also had an additional two million \\\"koku\\\" of land and thirty-eight vassals\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6070004\",\n \"text\": \"Ughoton Ughoton (or Gwato) is a town in Nigeria's Edo State. According to Benin oral tradition, the town was reportedly founded as 'Iguekaladerhan' (the land of Ekaladerhan) by Ekaladerhan, the son of Owodo, the last Benin ogiso (monarch). At the time of Owodo's exile for misadministration, Ekaladerhan had fled Owodo, who wanted to sacrifice him to the gods. Reports of Ekaladerhan's location reached Owodo after he was spotted by hunters, and he send soldiers to capture him. When the arrived, Ekaladerhan was gone, and the soldiers and hunters remained where they were, forming the town of rather than returning to\",\n \"title\": \"Ughoton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4021392\",\n \"text\": \"William Livingston (1723–1790), a signer of the United States Constitution and the 1st Governor of New Jersey. Livingston graduated from Yale College in 1731, and settled in New York City. Livingston's mother was the only child of his namesake, Pieter Van Brugh (1666–1740), the Mayor of Albany, New York from 1699 to 1700 and from 1721 to 1723. His grandfather's sister, Catharina Van Brugh, married Hendrick van Rensselaer, the son of Jeremias van Rensselaer, patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Livingston's maternal great-grandfather, Johannes Pieterse van Brugh (1624–1697), was one of the early settlers of New Netherland and was prominently connected with the\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Van Brugh Livingston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424336\",\n \"text\": \"was established at Edo; by the next year, the government was translating Western books. Opposition to Abe increased within \\\"fudai\\\" circles, which opposed opening \\\"bakufu\\\" councils to \\\"tozama daimyō\\\", and he was replaced in 1855 as chairman of the senior councilors by Hotta Masayoshi (1810–1864). At the head of the dissident faction was Tokugawa Nariaki, who had long embraced a militant loyalty to the emperor along with anti-foreign sentiments, and who had been put in charge of national defense in 1854. The Mito school—based on neo-Confucian and Shinto principles—had as its goal the restoration of the imperial institution, the turning\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535830\",\n \"text\": \"while others Esan (17.14%) Afemai compirising of Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). However, the Igbira speaking communities exist in Akoko Edo as well as Ijaw Izons, Urhobos, Itsekiris communities in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke in Orhionmwon LGA. A lot of communities and indeed the ruling dynasties in all the clans trace their roots to the ancient kingdom of Benin. Cultural similarities are in the areas of religious worships, folk-lore, dances, festivals, traditional modes of dressing, arts and craft. The political pattern\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14563374\",\n \"text\": \"Action Congress (AC) party the winner. On November 11, 2008, a federal Appeal Court sitting in Benin City upheld the ruling of the state's elections petitions tribunal, declaring Oshiomole to be the Governor of Edo State. The decision was based on several voting irregularities. Oserheimen Osunbor is happily married with six children. He is a Christian of the Anglican denomination and a Knight of Saint Christopher Oserheimen Osunbor Oserheimen Osunbor, (born 5 October 1951), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the\",\n \"title\": \"Oserheimen Osunbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14152627\",\n \"text\": \"Kingdom of Benin The Kingdom of Benin, also known as the Benin Kingdom, was a pre-colonial kingdom in what is now southern Nigeria. Its capital was Edo, now known as Benin City in Edo state. It should not be confused with the modern-day Republic of Benin, formerly the Republic of Dahomey. The Benin Kingdom was \\\"one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa, dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE\\\", until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897. The original people and founders of the Benin Kingdom, the Edo people,\",\n \"title\": \"Kingdom of Benin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14461059\",\n \"text\": \"with its capital at Umoghumwun has been traced to Prince Idu, the eldest son of Oba Eweka I.\\\" Eseohe Arhebamen is the oldest of five siblings and frequently played a parental role in their upbringing. At the age of seven Eseohe's family immigrated to the United States and settled in Detroit, Michigan. At age 17 she enrolled in the University of Michigan at the Residential College. Although strongly encouraged to pursue medicine as a career path, Eseohe instead followed her passion for poetry, language and the arts. As an undergraduate student Eseohe focused on literary means and performance as a\",\n \"title\": \"Edoheart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535832\",\n \"text\": \"per square kilometers. Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are: English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Igarra, Edo, Etsako/Afemai, Esan and Okpamheri. Edo State is home to several ethnicities, among them the Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afemai/Etsako, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Igbanke, Emai, and Ijaw. Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar, Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger Beaches at Ilushi, BFFM Building at Ewu, College of Agriculture and\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14131016\",\n \"text\": \"John Ewerekumoh Yeri John Ewerekumoh Yeri was a Nigerian soldier who served as Governor of Bendel State between 1990 and 1991, and then continued as governor of Edo State until January 1992 after Bendel State was split into Edo State and Delta State. He was military governor during the administration of General Ibrahim Babangida, and handed over to an elected civilian governor in January 1992. In a speech in December 1991, he said that the Military Administration held traditional rulers in high esteem, and expected them to enlighten their subjects about Government policies and programs at the grass root level.\",\n \"title\": \"John Ewerekumoh Yeri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5535833\",\n \"text\": \"Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery. The state produces crude oil. and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The Edojobs initiative was launched in 2016 as part of Governor Godwin Obasekis promise to create 200,000 new jobs in the region. Edo State Edo is a state in Nigeria. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 8 million people. It is made up of 3 major ethnic\",\n \"title\": \"Edo State\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13930482\",\n \"text\": \"the 1st of Agbede, who was not educated, but was assumed or endowed with the knowledge of various Languages who was also the first Muslim King in the area now known as Edo State, could speak many languages even though he had no schooling in these tongues. It is said that he began to pray and act like a Muslim, years before he came across Nupe and Hausa mallams in his community. Oba Momodu the 1st who ruled from 1890-1912 was unique in many ways, so say the accounts. He was the Oba of Agbede in Edo State, and could\",\n \"title\": \"Etsako West\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10080332\",\n \"text\": \"Ogbidi Okojie Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie (king) of Uromi (1857 – February 3, 1944), was a ruler of the Esan people in what is now Edo State in Nigeria, still remembered for his opposition to British rule. According to Uromi lore, he was born in the seventh month of gestation, coming 14th in the line of succession to the Uromi throne. As an African monarch, he believed in his divine right to wield absolute power. Those beliefs motivated his opposition to British Rule, which led to his first exile to Calabar in 1900. In Nigeria, at the end of the nineteenth\",\n \"title\": \"Ogbidi Okojie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4091591\",\n \"text\": \"for two terms on the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization (ILO), serving on the committee on Freedom of Association. He was also a member of the Executive Board of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. In April 2007, Adams Oshiomhole ran for Governor of Edo State under the Action Congress Party, with which his Labour Party had entered a strategic alliance. Oserheimen Osunbor of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) was declared the winner. However, the AC contested the election on the basis of various irregularities. On 20 March 2008, an Edo State election tribunal nullified the election\",\n \"title\": \"Adams Oshiomhole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13501689\",\n \"text\": \"the Esama's sons, Lucky, was a two-term Local Government Chairman and two-term Governor of Edo State, another, Charles, was a Local Government Chairman and one time Edo State Commissioner of Education, while yet another, Peter, was the Managing Director of Nigerian Aviation Authority.Esama's daughter, Omosede is in the House of Representatives for Edo State. Gabriel Igbinedion Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion is the Esama of the Benin Kingdom in Nigeria. The title \\\"Esama\\\" traditionally means the \\\"Son of the people\\\", with responsibilities including assisting the poor in medial, monetary and private venture forms. He was suspended from participating in palace activities in\",\n \"title\": \"Gabriel Igbinedion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11641126\",\n \"text\": \"Edo people of the west Niger area were run by a group of local chieftains, but by the 15th century a single ruler known as the 'oba' had asserted control, creating the Kingdom of Dahomey. Under the dynasty established by Ewuare the Great, the most famous of the obas, Dahoney's territory expanded to cover a region between the Niger River delta and what is now the Nigerian city of Lagos. The obas brought great prosperity and a highly organized state to Benin. They also established good relations and an extensive slave trade with the Portuguese and Dutch who arrived from\",\n \"title\": \"French Dahomey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424308\",\n \"text\": \"again between 1787 and 1793 by the shogun's chief councilor Matsudaira Sadanobu (1759-1829). Others shoguns debased the coinage to pay debts, which caused inflation. By 1800, the commercialization of the economy grew rapidly, bringing more and more remote villages into the national economy. Rich farmers appeared who switched from rice to high-profit commercial crops and engaged in local money-lending, trade, and small-scale manufacturing. Some wealthy merchants sought higher social status by using money to marry into the samurai class. A few domains, notably Chōsū and Satsuma, used innovative methods to restore their finances, but most sunk further into debt. The\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14929155\",\n \"text\": \"Hadım Suleiman Pasha Hadım Suleiman Pasha (; ; 1467 – September 1547) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander. He was the (viceroy) of Ottoman Egypt in 1525–1535 and 1537–1538, and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 1541 and 1544. He was a Hungarian eunuch, his epithet \\\"hadım\\\" meaning \\\"eunuch\\\" in Turkish. As governor of Egypt, he was ordered by the sultan on an expedition to the Indian Ocean, where he led the capture of Aden and the Siege of Diu in 1538. Suleiman Pasha was a benefactor of his long-serving successor for Egyptian governorship, Davud Pasha (served 1538–1549),\",\n \"title\": \"Hadım Suleiman Pasha\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6597433\",\n \"text\": \"that the commander of his garrison, Ōta Suketaka, had betrayed him and opened the gates to the Hōjō. This battle would mark the beginning of a seventeen-year struggle between the Hōjō and Uesugi clans for dominance of the Kantō. Siege of Edo In the 1524 Siege of Edo, also known as the , the Hōjō, led by Hōjō Ujitsuna, besieged Edo castle, which was held by Uesugi Tomooki. Though Edo has since become the Japanese metropolis of Tokyo, it was then a more or less insignificant fishing village in the Kantō region. Eager to repel the attackers, Uesugi Tomooki led\",\n \"title\": \"Siege of Edo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424297\",\n \"text\": \"inner conflict, the first goal of the newly established Tokugawa government was to pacify the country. It created a balance of power that remained (fairly) stable for the next 250 years, influenced by Confucian principles of social order. Most samurai lost their direct possession of the land: the \\\"daimyō\\\" took over their land. The samurai had a choice: give up their sword and become peasants, or move to the city of their feudal lord and become a paid retainer. Only a few land samurai remained in the border provinces of the north, or as direct vassals of the \\\"shōgun\\\", the\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424338\",\n \"text\": \"sought imperial sanction. The court officials, perceiving the weakness of the \\\"bakufu\\\", rejected Hotta's request and thus suddenly embroiled Kyoto and the emperor in Japan's internal politics for the first time in many centuries. When the \\\"shōgun\\\" died without an heir, Nariaki appealed to the court for support of his own son, Tokugawa Yoshinobu (or Keiki), for \\\"shōgun\\\", a candidate favored by the \\\"shinpan\\\" and \\\"tozama daimyō\\\". The \\\"fudai\\\" won the power struggle, however, installing Tokugawa Yoshitomi, arresting Nariaki and Keiki, executing Yoshida Shōin (1830–1859), a leading \\\"sonnō-jōi\\\" intellectual who had opposed the American treaty and plotted a revolution against\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20884678\",\n \"text\": \"Izevbokun Oshodin Izevbokun Oshodin (also Izevbokun Osodin) (circa 1850-1929) was a chief in the ancient Kingdom of Benin in present day Edo State of Nigeria. He was one of the loyal lieutenants of Oba (king) Ovonramwen, the exiled ruler of Benin who worked with the British colonial authorities to administer what was left of the ancient kingdom of Benin after the Benin Massacre and the subsequent military operation against Benin that destroyed most of the city in 1897. He was first appointed a Warrant Chief and member of the Native Council constituted by the new British Resident.. He was later\",\n \"title\": \"Izevbokun Oshodin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13989811\",\n \"text\": \"should be cleaned. Also, a sign board containing the details about the size of canon mentioning it as ‘the longest canon in the world is required. The Bahmanis ruled over most of the Deccan until the late 15th and early 16th century, when the kingdom was divided into five independent states. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658–1707) captured the fort in the 17th century (1687) and appointed Asaf Jah I (\\\"Nizam-ul-Mulk\\\") as the Governor of the Deccan. In the early part of the 18th century, when Mughal Empire was declining, the Nizam became independent in 1724, and formed the Hyderabad State,\",\n \"title\": \"Gulbarga Fort\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20884680\",\n \"text\": \"and is located at the beginning of Sakponba Road near the busy King's Square in Benin City Izevbokun Oshodin Izevbokun Oshodin (also Izevbokun Osodin) (circa 1850-1929) was a chief in the ancient Kingdom of Benin in present day Edo State of Nigeria. He was one of the loyal lieutenants of Oba (king) Ovonramwen, the exiled ruler of Benin who worked with the British colonial authorities to administer what was left of the ancient kingdom of Benin after the Benin Massacre and the subsequent military operation against Benin that destroyed most of the city in 1897. He was first appointed a\",\n \"title\": \"Izevbokun Oshodin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15242287\",\n \"text\": \"Benin City, Nigeria. In 1923 his first son was born Prince Solomon Aiseokhuoba Igbinoghodua Akenzua, whose chosen title was founded on the name Ere, relating to Oba Eresonye who is traditionally considered to be an incredibly wealthy Oba. Akenzua II Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Akenzua II (January 7, 1899–June 11, 1978) was the Oba of Benin (traditional leader of the Edo people, in Nigeria) from 1933 until his death in 1978. Akenzua II was enthroned as Oba of Benin in April 1933 following the death of his father, Eweka II (r.1914 – 1933) in February that year. Oba Akenzua\",\n \"title\": \"Akenzua II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424339\",\n \"text\": \"the bakufu), and signing treaties with the United States and five other nations, thus ending more than 200 years of exclusion. Recently some scholars have suggested that there were more events that spurred this opening of Japan. From 1716 to 1745 Yoshimune (eighth Tokugawa \\\"shōgun\\\" from 1716–1745) started the first Kyōhō reforms in an attempt to gain more revenue for the government. In 1767, to 1786 Tanuma Okitsugu also initiated some unorthodox economic reforms to expand government income. This led his conservative opponents to attack him and take his position as he was forced from government in disgrace. Similarly, Matsudaira\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10485084\",\n \"text\": \"to Nigerian Independence on the 1st day of October, 1960. Enahoro was survived by his wife Helen [née Ediae] (1933-2012), their five children, several grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Anthony Enahoro Chief Anthony Eromosele Enahoro (22 July 1923 – 15 December 2010) was one of Nigeria's foremost anti-colonial and pro-democracy activists. He was born the eldest of twelve children in Uromi in the present Edo State of Nigeria. His Esan parents were Anastasius Okotako Enahoro (1900-1968) and Fidelia Victoria Inibokun née Ogbidi Okojie (1906-1969). Enahoro has had a long and distinguished career in the press, politics, the civil service and the pro-democracy\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Enahoro\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2020091\",\n \"text\": \"of that marriage, a girl, eventually succeeded to the throne of Japan to become Empress Meishō. The city of Edo was also heavily developed under his reign. In \\\"Genna\\\" 9 (1623) Hidetada resigned the government to his eldest son and heir, Tokugawa Iemitsu. Like his father before him, Hidetada became \\\"Ōgosho\\\" or retired \\\"shōgun\\\", and retained effective power. He enacted draconian anti-Christian measures, which Ieyasu had only considered: he banned Christian books, forced Christian \\\"daimyōs\\\" to commit suicide, ordered all other Christians to apostatize, and executed the fifty-five Christians (both Japanese and foreign) who refused to renounce Christianity or to\",\n \"title\": \"Tokugawa Hidetada\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6737521\",\n \"text\": \"strong, of the ‘’Igene’’ age group and a feared medicine man and man of valour. Typical Esan weapons would include the bow and arrow, crossbow, barbed cudgel and machete, in addition to Dane guns used after the fifteenth century. War would be declared if the kingdom was attacked, if a wife was seized, or if a man was killed (if the latter two occurred, the kingdom could choose to make reprisals.) The 14 April 2007 gubernatorial election in Edo State saw the emergence of Prof. Oserheimen Aigberadion Osunbor from Ekpoma as the next governor of Nigeria's 22nd largest state. Before\",\n \"title\": \"Esan people\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2115671\",\n \"text\": \"Portuguese as \\\"Benin\\\" in their own language. Around 1470, Ẹwuare changed the name of the state to Ẹdo. This was about the time the people of Ọkpẹkpẹ migrated from Benin City. Alternatively, Yorubas believe Oduduwa was from the Middle East and migrated from that area to the present Ile Ife. Because of his power and military might he was able to conqurer the enimies invading Ife city. That was why the people of Ile Ife made him the King or Oni of Ife city. In any case, it is agreed upon by both the Yoruba and Edos that Oduduwa sent\",\n \"title\": \"Benin City\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19342552\",\n \"text\": \"and proceeded to the Nigerian Law School, Lagos where he bagged the Bachelor of Law (BL). Osagie Ize-Iyamu is happily married to Pastor (Dr) Idia Ize-Iyamu, a Consultant Orthodontist with the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and a Senior Lecturer in the University of Benin. They are blessed with four children. Osagie Ize-Iyamu Osagie Ize-Iyamu is a Nigerian pastor, political figure, former chief of staff and secretary to the Edo state government. He is the gubernatorial nominee of the Edo state People's Democratic Party for the 2016 Edo state gubernatorial election. He was previously a member of the All Progressives\",\n \"title\": \"Osagie Ize-Iyamu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14131147\",\n \"text\": \"thought to have played an important role in the decision. The choice of Oyegun, from the mostly Christian south of the country, is calculated to win both Christian and Moslem voters in the challenge to President Goodluck Jonathan's People's Democratic Party (PDP). John Odigie Oyegun John Odigie Oyegun (born 12 August 1939) is a Nigerian politician who is serving as the first national chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria. He was also the Executive Governor of Edo State between 1992 and 1993, during the aborted Nigerian Third Republic. John Odigie Oyegun was born on August 12, 1939, in\",\n \"title\": \"John Odigie Oyegun\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16474488\",\n \"text\": \"Otegbeye began moving toward conservative positions and became a leading figure of the Yoruba Council of Elders. During the Sani Abacha regime, Otegbeye was active in the National Democratic Coalition (NADECO). Tunji Otegbeye died in Ilaro in 2009. After his death, many prominent personalities paid tribute to him, including former president Olusegun Obasanjo and the governors of the Ogun, Edo and Ekiti states. Tunji Otegbeye Jeremiah Olatunji Otegbeye (14 July 1925 – 9 October 2009) was a Nigerian politician, trade unionist and medical doctor. Otegbeye hailed from the Yewa community. Otegbeye was born in Ilaro, where he attended the Christ\",\n \"title\": \"Tunji Otegbeye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14128783\",\n \"text\": \"Party (ANPP) platform. Later that year, Onyearugbulem died suddenly in a hotel room in Kaduna in somewhat mysterious circumstances. Anthony Onyearugbulem Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem (1955–2002) was a Nigerian navy captain who served as Military Administrator of Ondo State (August 1996 - August 1998) during the military regime of General Sani Abacha. He then became Military Administrator of Edo State in August 1998, handing over power to the civilian governor Lucky Igbinedion in May 1999. Anthony Ibe Onyearugbulem was born on 9 July 1955 in Owalla Avuvu in Ikeduru, Imo State. He was educated at St. Columbia's Secondary School, Amaimo (1970–1972)\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony Onyearugbulem\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19342547\",\n \"text\": \"Osagie Ize-Iyamu Osagie Ize-Iyamu is a Nigerian pastor, political figure, former chief of staff and secretary to the Edo state government. He is the gubernatorial nominee of the Edo state People's Democratic Party for the 2016 Edo state gubernatorial election. He was previously a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He was the National vice-chairman, South-South Zone of the defunct Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN). He served as Director General of Adams Oshiomhole's 2nd term Campaign Organisation. He was also the Coordinator of Goodluck/Sambo Campaign Organisation. Recently, he was honoured by the Benson Idahosa University with an honorary doctorate\",\n \"title\": \"Osagie Ize-Iyamu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424282\",\n \"text\": \"Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional \\\"daimyō\\\". The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, \\\"no more wars\\\", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo. A revolution took place from the time of\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424286\",\n \"text\": \"national authority and the \\\"daimyō\\\" had regional authority. This represented a new unity in the feudal structure, which featured an increasingly large bureaucracy to administer the mixture of centralized and decentralized authorities. The Tokugawa became more powerful during their first century of rule: land redistribution gave them nearly seven million \\\"koku\\\", control of the most important cities, and a land assessment system reaping great revenues. The feudal hierarchy was completed by the various classes of \\\"daimyō\\\". Closest to the Tokugawa house were the \\\"shinpan\\\", or \\\"related houses\\\". They were twenty-three \\\"daimyō\\\" on the borders of Tokugawa lands, all directly related\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1667924\",\n \"text\": \"P. B. S. Pinchback Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (born Pinckney Benton Stewart May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) was an American publisher and politician, a Union Army officer, and the first African American to become governor of a U.S. state. A Republican, Pinchback served as the 24th Governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873. He was one of the most prominent African-American officeholders during the Reconstruction Era. Pinchback was born free in Macon, Georgia to a mulatto woman and a white planter. His father, William Pinchback, raised the younger Pinchback as his own son on\",\n \"title\": \"P. B. S. Pinchback\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14093659\",\n \"text\": \"Christian Onoh Christian Onoh, popularly known as CC Onoh, (27 April 1927 – 5 May 2009) was a Nigerian businessman and lawyer who became governor of Anambra State in 1983 at the end of the Nigerian Second Republic. He was also the father-in-law of Emeka Ojukwu. Onoh was born on 27 April 1927 in Enugu Ngwo, in coal country in what is now Enugu State. His father died when he was 8 years old and he was brought up by his cousin Donald Oji. Starting in the late 1940s, he worked as a contractor, then produce inspector and then livestock\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Onoh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14134451\",\n \"text\": \"Ita David Ikpeme Ita David Ikpeme is a retired Nigerian airforce group captain who served as the first Governor of Ondo State (February 1976 – July 1978) after it was carved out of the old Western State during the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo. Ita David Ikpeme obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of London. During his tenure as Governor of Ondo State, he initiated road construction in Akure, the Ondo State capital. In December 1985 he was named as a suspect in a coup plot against the military regime of General Ibrahim\",\n \"title\": \"Ita David Ikpeme\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13136860\",\n \"text\": \"dictator General Sani Abacha, Alhaji Adeyemo continued to be politically active and assumed the status of a 'Godfather' owing to his sphere of influence across the political terrain and oligarchy. This was demonstrated by his unquestionable role in the political aspiration of Otunba Adeniyi Adebayo as first Governor elect, Ekiti State, under the platform of the Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria), in 1999. A shortlist of his political alliances includes Samuel Adekunle Ajasin JP, Alhaji Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Alhaji Baba Gana Kingibe, Chief Olu Falae, General Adeyinka Adebayo, Evangelist Bamidele Olumilua, Olusegun Kokumo Agagu, Alhaji Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa, Pa Abraham Adesanya,\",\n \"title\": \"Alhaji Abdul Azeez Kolawole Adeyemo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3227026\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Tiffin Edward Tiffin (June 19, 1766August 9, 1829) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio, and first Governor of the state. Sources indicate that he was born in Carlisle; however he may have been born in or near Workington — also in the then county of Cumberland, England. Tiffin attended the Latin school in Carlisle, and became an apprentice to a student of medicine in 1778. Six years later he completed his apprenticeship. His family emigrated to Virginia in 1783, and he began practicing medicine at the age of seventeen. In 1789, he married Mary Worthington of Berkeley County, sister\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Tiffin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19423331\",\n \"text\": \"Securities and Exchange Commission Committee on the Re-activation of the Nigerian Bond Market and the review of the Investment and Securities Act. Between 2006 and 2009, he served as a member of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Council. He is a Trustee of the Dr Jackson Owen Obaseki Foundation, a family-owned Non-Governmental Organization NGO. Since assuming duty as Executive Governor of Edo State on November 12, 2016, Mr. Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki has enacted projects with the aim of making the state an investment hub. Such projects, includes: Asides his infrastructural projects, he has also enacted a number of social development initiatives.\",\n \"title\": \"Godwin Obaseki\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"132314\",\n \"text\": \"Edo , also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a \\\"floating world\\\". From the establishment of the Tokugawa \\\"bakufu\\\" headquarters at Edo, the town became the \\\"de facto\\\" capital and center of political power, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. Edo grew from what had been a small,\",\n \"title\": \"Edo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"132307\",\n \"text\": \"Edo , also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. It was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period, it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a \\\"floating world\\\". From the establishment of the Tokugawa \\\"bakufu\\\" headquarters at Edo, the town became the \\\"de facto\\\" capital and center of political power, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country. Edo grew from what had been a small,\",\n \"title\": \"Edo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2115948\",\n \"text\": \"Oba of Benin The Oba of Benin is the traditional ruler of the Edo people and all Edoid people and head of the historic Eweka dynasty of the Benin Empire - a West African empire centred on Benin City, in modern-day Nigeria. The ancient Benin homeland (not to be confused with the modern-day and unrelated Republic of Benin, which was then known as Dahomey) has been and continues to be mostly populated by the Edo (also known as the Bini or Benin ethnic group). The title of Oba was used after the Ogiso title and was created by Oranmiyan, Benin\",\n \"title\": \"Oba of Benin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19686311\",\n \"text\": \"Yakubu Itua Justice Yakubu Itua (October 9, 1941 – August 8, 2006) was a Nigerian jurist and formal member of the federal House of Representatives in 1983. He was appointed a judge in the Edo state judiciary in 1999, by the then military governor of Edo state, Navy Captain Anthony Onyearugbulem with recommendation by the National Judiciary commission. Itua was born in Ewu a small town in Esan Central local government area of present-day Edo state. He attended St Patric's college Asaba Delta state. for his secondary school education.He briefly worked with the Nigerian Institute Of Oil Palm Research Benin.\",\n \"title\": \"Yakubu Itua\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10744176\",\n \"text\": \"Limited, Chairman / Managing Director Tamsaks Nigeria Limited and Chairman Bridgestone Finance Limited. He was honored with the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR). The University of Ilorin awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Law in 1998. He died in 2002. George Agbazika Innih George Agbazika Innih (25 September 1938 – 15 August 2002) was a Nigerian Army General and Statesman. He was the Military Governor of Bendel and Kwara States. George Agbazika Innih was born on September 25, 1938 at Agenebode, Etsako East Local Government Area (LGA) of Edo State. He was educated at catholic school, Akure, the Government\",\n \"title\": \"George Agbazika Innih\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424344\",\n \"text\": \"1866. Finally, in 1867, Emperor Kōmei died and was succeeded by his underaged son Emperor Meiji. Tokugawa Yoshinobu reluctantly became head of the Tokugawa house and \\\"shōgun\\\". He tried to reorganize the government under the emperor while preserving the \\\"shōgun\\\"s leadership role. Fearing the growing power of the Satsuma and Chōshū \\\"daimyō\\\", other \\\"daimyō\\\" called for returning the \\\"shōgun\\\"s political power to the emperor and a council of \\\"daimyō\\\" chaired by the former Tokugawa \\\"shōgun\\\". Yoshinobu accepted the plan in late 1867 and resigned, announcing an \\\"imperial restoration\\\". The Satsuma, Chōshū, and other \\\"han\\\" leaders and radical courtiers, however, rebelled,\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10080338\",\n \"text\": \"his people as Although he died many years ago, his legacy continues in many different parts of the world, from North America to Europe to Australia, where some of his grandchildren and great grandchildren currently reside. Ogbidi Okojie Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie (king) of Uromi (1857 – February 3, 1944), was a ruler of the Esan people in what is now Edo State in Nigeria, still remembered for his opposition to British rule. According to Uromi lore, he was born in the seventh month of gestation, coming 14th in the line of succession to the Uromi throne. As an African monarch,\",\n \"title\": \"Ogbidi Okojie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11519789\",\n \"text\": \"was nominated for Governor on the first ballot (vote: Morton 532½, J. Sloat Fassett 69, Cornelius N. Bliss 40½, Stewart L. Woodford 40, Daniel Butterfield 29, Leslie W. Russell 20, James Arkell 1). Charles T. Saxton was nominated after receiving 340 votes on the first ballot (393 votes were cast for James W. Wadsworth, George W. Aldridge, George E. Green, Arthur C. Wade, Francis Hendricks, Henry J. Coggeshall, Albert D. Shaw and Azariah C. Brundage) and a few subsequent changes. Albert Haight was nominated for the Court of Appeals on the second ballot. The Democratic state convention met on September\",\n \"title\": \"1894 New York state election\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13051342\",\n \"text\": \"amass relatively large amounts of wealth but remained in the same class because of their association with the land. Wealthier families and those that held their own land and paid taxes were held in much higher regard and had more political influence in village matters. However, the survival of the village depended on every household cooperating to meet the tax burden and overcome natural disasters such as famines. During the reign of the third Tokugawa \\\"shōgun\\\", Iemitsu, farmers were not allowed to eat any of the rice they grew. They had to hand it all over to their daimyo and\",\n \"title\": \"Edo society\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7012384\",\n \"text\": \"Richard W. Leche Richard Webster Leche (May 17, 1898 – February 22, 1965) was an American attorney, judge, and politician, elected as the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana. He served from 1936 until 1939, when he resigned. Convicted on federal charges of misuse of federal funds, Leche was the first Louisiana chief executive to be imprisoned. Richard Webster Leche was born in New Orleans, the son of Eustace Leche, a salesman, and the former Stella Eloise (Richard), a teacher. After attending local schools and graduating from Warren Easton High School, Leche entered Tulane University in 1916. His\",\n \"title\": \"Richard W. Leche\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424296\",\n \"text\": \"which everyone knew their place and level of prestige. At the top were the Emperor and the court nobility, invincible in prestige but weak in power. Next came the shōgun, \\\"daimyō\\\" and layers of feudal lords whose rank was indicated by their closeness to the Tokugawa. They had power. The \\\"daimyō\\\" comprised about 250 local lords of local \\\"han\\\" with annual outputs of 50,000 or more bushels of rice. The upper strata was much given to elaborate and expensive rituals, including elegant architecture, landscaped gardens, Noh drama, patronage of the arts, and the tea ceremony. After a long period of\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14658818\",\n \"text\": \"for the Ashikaga. Dokan built Edo Castle on the site. The Edo clan then moved to Kitami. In 1593, in a pledge of obedience to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Edo Katsutada changed the clan name to Kitami. Katsutada was employed by the first and second Tokugawa \\\"shōguns\\\", reaching the position of Magistrate of Sakai, south of Osaka. Katsutada's grandson-in-law, Shigemasa, found favor with the fifth \\\"shōgun\\\" Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. He rose from the position of hatamoto, with a stipend of one thousand koku, to sobayonin, or \\\"Grand Chamberlain\\\", with a stipend of twenty thousand. It was an influential post, responsible for relaying messages\",\n \"title\": \"Edo clan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14464544\",\n \"text\": \"Igodomigodo Igodomigodo is the historical first name of the now fallen Benin Empire, as called by its own inhabitants (nowadays known as the Edo people of Nigeria). According to oral history of the Edo, Igodomigodo was the name of the kingdom as given by Igodo, the first \\\"ogiso\\\" (King). The \\\"ogiso\\\" era, started by Igodo, would be the first dynasty of what would later be known as the Benin Empire (which itself existed from around 1180 until 1897 in the area of the present-day Federal Republic of Nigeria (and remarkably not in the area of the unrelated, current Republic of\",\n \"title\": \"Igodomigodo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14563371\",\n \"text\": \"Oserheimen Osunbor Oserheimen Osunbor, (born 5 October 1951), is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who was a Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 and the Governor of Edo State of Nigeria from 29 May 2007 to 11 November 2008. Oserheimen Osunbor was born on 5 October 1951 in Iruekpen, Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. He attended P.T.T.C Demonstration Primary School Igueben from 1957 to 1962, then Anglican Grammar School Ujoelen Ekpoma from 1963 to 1968 and then obtained his sixth from at Holy Trinity Grammar School Sabongidaa-Ora Edo\",\n \"title\": \"Oserheimen Osunbor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1424337\",\n \"text\": \"back of the West, and the founding of a world empire under the divine Yamato dynasty. In the final years of the Tokugawas, foreign contacts increased as more concessions were granted. The new treaty with the United States in 1859 allowed more ports to be opened to diplomatic representatives, unsupervised trade at four additional ports, and foreign residences in Osaka and Edo. It also embodied the concept of extraterritoriality (foreigners were subject to the laws of their own countries but not to Japanese law). Hotta lost the support of key \\\"daimyō\\\", and when Tokugawa Nariaki opposed the new treaty, Hotta\",\n \"title\": \"Edo period\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4091592\",\n \"text\": \"of Oserheimen Osunbor and declared Oshiomhole the winner. On 11 November 2008, a federal Appeal Court sitting in Benin City upheld the ruling of the state's elections petitions tribunal, declaring Oshiomole to be the Governor of Edo State. The decision was based on several voting irregularities. In 2012, he was elected to a second term, winning the elections in a massive landslide. He ended his tenure on November 12 2016. On 23 June 2018, Adams Oshiomhole emerged as the national chairman of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in Nigeria following a voice vote by delegates at the party National convention.\",\n \"title\": \"Adams Oshiomhole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7991400\",\n \"text\": \"when he was young and who recognized him immediately in the chaos. Supporters of Uwaifaikon entered Edo's house and killed him trying to find Ohun who had hidden. Ogun then exited the house and gathered his supporters and was able to assert his right to the throne. In Egharevba's version, during a visit to the city during his exile, Ogun was taken in by a prominent chief who hid him in a dried well but then went to tell the authorities. The head slave of the chief, named Edo, let down a ladder into the well and advised Ewuare to\",\n \"title\": \"Ewuare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18567611\",\n \"text\": \"Maleke Maleke Moye Idowu (born 14 February 1979) is a Nigerian comedian, Executive Director to Edo State Governor on Entertainment and the PMAN (Performing Musician Employers Association Of Nigeria) chairman Edo State Chapter musician, director, actor, and writer from Edo State, Nigeria. Maleke Moye Idowu was born in Benin City, where he attended Oguola primary school in Benin city. He attended secondary school at EdoKpolor Grammar school, and proceeded to Auchi Polytechnic, where he studied Business Administration. Maleke first performed comedy at the Nite of 1000 Laughs show, organized by Opa Williams. During that show, he worked alongside other comedians,\",\n \"title\": \"Maleke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18870047\",\n \"text\": \"A Fellow of the Institute of Management (FNIM), he was elected Member of Council of NIM in 2006; where he served two terms. He is currently a member of the Board of Fellows of the Institute, a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Public Administrators of Nigeria and a Justice of Peace. Chief Oghiadomhe is a three-star Paul Harris Fellow and a Melvin Jones Fellow. He has over 30 traditional titles, spread over the entire spectrum of the federation of Nigeria. Mike Oghiadomhe Chief Mike Aiyegbeni Oghiadomhe (born 4 September 1955) was the Deputy Governor of Edo State, Nigeria from\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Oghiadomhe\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1445520\",\n \"text\": \"Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \\\"de facto\\\" Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to a poor father, Penystone Hastings, and a mother, Hester Hastings, who died soon after he was born. Despite\",\n \"title\": \"Warren Hastings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14034905\",\n \"text\": \"In November 2007, at an enlarged meeting of the PDP at the Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium in Benin, Ogbemudia spoke strongly against proposals by Anthony Anenih to change existing zoning arrangement of offices, then walked out of the meeting. In December 2006, Ogbemudia expressed support for the presidential bid of Dr Mohammed Buba Marwa. On 20 March 2008, a tribunal nullified the election of Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) as Edo State governor due to voting irregularities, and declared comrade Adams Oshiomhole of the Action Congress as the winner. In an interview in November that year, as a prominent member of the PDP\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Ogbemudia\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the first governor of edo state"}}},{"rowIdx":289,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1754"],"string":"[\n \"1754\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"11027227","text":"Albany Plan The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York. More than twenty representatives of several Northern Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian War, the front in North America of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, spurred on by Washington's recent defeat in the Ohio valley. The Plan represented one of multiple early","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"11027233","text":"favor of more radical proposals. In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, the Albany Plan of Union served as a precursor to the draft Articles of Confederation. Albany Plan The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York. More than twenty representatives of several Northern Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian War, the front in North America","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"15254621","text":"year all except Virginia and New Jersey attend, but Rhode Island and Connecticut attend in their stead. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented what is now known as the Albany Plan of Union. The meeting, which took place at the corner of Broadway and Hudson Avenue, became known as the Albany Congress. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. One month later, fears of a war with France came true and new stockades are erected at Albany. Johannes Hansen is appointed mayor. During the French and Indian War, Albany was the","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"626421","text":"Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War, the fourth in a series of wars dating back to 1689, began; it ended in 1763 with French defeat, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \"Stadt Huys\" became home to","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"11027228","text":"attempts to form a union of the colonies \"under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes.\" The Albany Congress discussed the plan. After a committee reviewed different plans offered by delegates, its members chose Franklin's plan with some small modifications. Benjamin Chew, then a young lawyer from Dover, Pennsylvania, served as secretary, and Richard Peters and Isaac Norris, both from Philadelphia, were among the members of this committee and the Pennsylvania delegation. It went beyond the original scope of the Congress, which was to develop a plan of defense related to near-term","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"15254604","text":"presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War, the fourth in a series of wars dating back to 1689, began; it ended in 1763 with French defeat, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \"Stadt Huys\" became home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"9695762","text":"least 160 years (meaning a replacement structure would not have been needed until 1795 at the earliest), which is in disagreement with the idea that a new \"Stadt Huys\" was built in the 1740s. In 1754, the \"Stadt Huys\" was the site of the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there. This was the first formal proposal to unite the British American colonies. The Plan of Union's original intention was to unite the colonies in defense against aggressions of the French to the north; it was not an attempt to become independent from the","title":"Albany City Hall"},{"id":"1821796","text":"1754, the Albany Conference was held in Albany, New York. Twenty-one representatives of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire attended the Congress. Secretaries of each colony represented also attended, including Benjamin Chew of the Pennsylvania delegation. These secretaries helped formulate the plan to unite the colonies as a unified force at the time of threat from France during the Seven Years' War, known in North America as the French and Indian War, which began that year. The Albany Plan of Union was one of the first attempts to unite the British colonies. Benjamin Franklin proposed","title":"Benjamin Chew"},{"id":"13004916","text":"identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \"Dongan\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \"Stadt Huys\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"1743976","text":"Because of differences in threat, he attracted only the colonies as far south as Maryland. The Albany delegates spent most of their time debating Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of union to create a unified level of colonial government. The delegates voted approval of a plan that called for a union of 11 colonies, with a president appointed by the British Crown. Each colonial assembly would send 2 to 7 delegates to a \"grand council\" which would have legislative powers. The Union would have jurisdiction over Indian affairs. The plan was rejected by the colonies' legislatures, which were protective of their","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"9695756","text":"hall was the \"Stadt Huys\", built by the Dutch at the intersection of Broadway and Hudson Avenue probably in the 1660s, though possibly earlier. It was probably replaced around 1740 with a larger building, which continued to be known as the \"Stadt Huys\". In 1754, the \"Stadt Huys\" was the location of the Albany Congress, where Benjamin Franklin presented the Albany Plan of Union, the first proposal to unite the British American colonies. In 1797 Albany was declared the state capital of New York and the New York Legislature made its home in Albany's city hall. In 1809 the Legislature","title":"Albany City Hall"},{"id":"1743978","text":"unite the colonies exceeded the scope of the congress, which had been called to plan a defense against the French and Indian threat. The original plan was heavily debated by all who attended the conference, including the young Philadelphia lawyer Benjamin Chew. Numerous modifications were also proposed by Thomas Hutchinson, who later became Governor of Massachusetts. The delegates passed the plan unanimously. They submitted it with their recommendations, but the legislatures of the seven colonies rejected it, as it would have removed some of their existing powers. The plan was never sent to the Crown for approval, although it was","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"11027229","text":"threats by France. The northern colonies were most concerned, as they shared a border with the French colony in Canada, but the mid-Atlantic colonies were also affected by differing loyalties of various Native American nations, usually related to their trading with France or Great Britain. The New England and northern tier colonies had long been subject to raiding from Canada during times of conflict. The Albany Plan was the first proposed unification of the colonies for the purposes of defense. The Plan called for a general government to be administered by a President General, to be appointed and supported by","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"1743975","text":"that American colonial representatives met to discuss some manner of formal union. In the 17th century, some New England colonies had formed a loose association called the New England Confederation, principally for purposes of defense, as raiding was frequent by French and allied Indian tribes. In the 1680s, the British Government created the Dominion of New England as a unifying government on the colonies between the Delaware River and Penobscot Bay; it was dissolved in 1689. Jacob Leisler summoned an intercolonial congress which met in New York on 1 May 1690 to plan concerted action against the French and Indians.","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"1743979","text":"submitted to the British Board of Trade, which also rejected it. The Plan of Union proposed to include all the British North American colonies, although none of the colonies south of Maryland sent representatives to the Albany Congress. (Note that the \"Lower Counties on the Delaware\" were then administered by Pennsylvania, and Georgia Colony was slow to start.) The plan called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for relations with the Indians, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities. It called for a Grand Council to","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"20073451","text":"included officials from both the colonies and from the Iroquois. The subject of the meeting referred to tensions between the British and the French and the prelude to the French and Indian Wars. At the meeting, residents of the city of Albany were able to come into contact with people from the rest of the colonies, which was an interesting experience for many citizens of the city. The result of the Congress was the Albany Plan of Union, which was the first attempt to create a unified government. The plan included 7 of the English colonies in North America. The","title":"History of the Hudson River"},{"id":"1743977","text":"independent charters, and by the Colonial Office, which wanted a military command. Many elements of the plan were later the basis for the American government established by the Articles of Confederation of 1777 and the Constitution of 1787. Franklin speculated that the colonies might not have separated from England so soon had the 1754 plan been adopted. Benjamin Franklin said in 1789: The Congress and its Albany Plan have achieved iconic status as presaging the formation of the United States of America in 1776. It is often illustrated with Franklin's famous snake cartoon \"Join, or Die\". Benjamin Franklin's plan to","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"2582482","text":"that greatly exceeded the scope of the congress. The delegates spent most of their time debating this Albany Plan of union, one of the first attempts to form a union of the colonies \"under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes\". The delegates approved an amended version, but the colonies rejected it. To counter the French militarily, the British established forts along Lake Ontario and at portages between the Mohawk Valley and the adjacent Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario watersheds. The region became the area for many conflicts of the French and","title":"Upstate New York"},{"id":"6818502","text":"correspondent) Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in July 1754 to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies. The Albany Plan went beyond the original scope of the Albany Congress, which was to develop a plan of defense for the French and Indian War. Although as a delegate to the Continental Congress Galloway was a moderate, when his Plan of Union (despite its removal of British Parliamentary sovereignty) was rejected, Galloway moved increasingly towards Loyalism. After 1778 he lived in Britain, where he acted as a leader of the Loyalist movement and an advisor to the government. Once Britain's","title":"Galloway's Plan of Union"},{"id":"46903","text":"the \"Declaration of Independence\" between September 4, 1774, and July 4, 1776, were affiliated with the College. In 1753, both Harvard and Yale awarded him honorary degrees. In 1754, he headed the Pennsylvania delegation to the Albany Congress. This meeting of several colonies had been requested by the Board of Trade in England to improve relations with the Indians and defense against the French. Franklin proposed a broad Plan of Union for the colonies. While the plan was not adopted, elements of it found their way into the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. In 1756, Franklin received an honorary","title":"Benjamin Franklin"},{"id":"9695763","text":"auspices of the British crown. Although it was never adopted by the British Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. A month prior to the meeting, Franklin published his \"Join, or Die\" political cartoon, an infamous graphical representation of the Plan of Union. During the Revolutionary War, city hall was home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government in 1775 and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County (which at that time was the largest county in the colony,","title":"Albany City Hall"},{"id":"8065087","text":"fight for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. At that time, the colonists were divided on whether to fight the French and their Native-American allies for control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. It became a symbol for the need of organized action against an outside threat posed by the French and Native-Americans in the mid 18th century. Writer Philip Davidson states that Franklin was a propagandist influential in seeing the potential in political cartoons. Franklin had proposed the Albany Plan and his cartoon suggested that such a union was necessary to avoid destruction. As Franklin wrote:","title":"Join, or Die"},{"id":"1743980","text":"be selected by the colonial legislatures, with the number of delegates to be apportioned according to the taxes paid by each colony. The colonial assemblies rejected the plan, although delegates forming the government after the Revolution incorporated some features in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. Twenty-one representatives attended the Congress from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. New York Governor James DeLancey was host governor and Chairman. Peter Wraxall served as Secretary to the Congress. Delegates included: ‡ Indicates Members of the committee of the Plan of Union Albany Congress The Albany Congress","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"11027230","text":"the Crown, and a Grand Council to consist of delegates nominated by (the lower houses of) the colonial assemblies. Under the plan, delegates from the colonies would be chosen roughly proportionate to colony size – from a minimum of two to a maximum of seven for Virginia - but each colony would have only one vote and decision making was by unanimous consensus. Proposed powers included treaty making, and raising army and naval forces; and, most significantly, included the right of taxation. After the larger group of delegates discussed their issues and objections, they resolved most of them and adopted","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"6818501","text":"for three year terms.. Galloway's plan would have kept the British Empire together, while allowing the colonies to have some say over their own affairs, including the inflammatory issue of taxation. Galloway's plan was not accepted by the Congress. The appearance of the Suffolk Resolves at the Congress led to a polarization of discussion, with the radicals swiftly gaining the upper hand. Galloway's Plan of Union was narrowly defeated by a vote of six to five on October 27, 1774. The proposed Galloway Plan bore striking resemblance to the Albany Plan, a proposal by Galloway's fellow Pennsylvania delegate (and active","title":"Galloway's Plan of Union"},{"id":"19225438","text":"Midwest, Congregationalists coming from New England had found themselves living next to Presbyterians originating primarily in the Middle Atlantic states such as New York and Pennsylvania. To form churches, the two groups had often combined their numbers, and at the beginning the century both denominations had agreed on a Plan of Union to facilitate this. However, doctrinal differences between the two, particularly in light of a widening schism among the Presbyterians themselves, had resulted in charges of heresy and revocations of support for some newer synods in Western New York and Ohio. The implementation of the Plan of Union had","title":"First Congregational Church of Albany"},{"id":"470002","text":"Washington, which benefited the American cause during the Revolution. Also, colonial legislatures and officials had to cooperate intensively in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort. The relations were not always positive between the British military establishment and the colonists, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. At the 1754 Albany Congress, Pennsylvania colonist Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan which would have created a unified government of the Thirteen Colonies for coordination of defense and other matters, but the plan was rejected by the leaders of most colonies. In the Treaty of Paris (1763), France formally","title":"Thirteen Colonies"},{"id":"589414","text":"1647, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took over management of the colony, and surrendered it in 1664 to the British, who had invaded the largely-defenseless New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam and the colony of New Netherland were renamed New York, after the Duke of York. Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub. Manors were developed on the east side of the river, and the west side contained many smaller and independent farms. In 1754, the Albany Plan of Union was created at Albany City Hall on the Hudson. The plan allowed the colonies to treaty with the Iroquois and","title":"Hudson River"},{"id":"1728171","text":"government to the English. Franklin's Albany Plan is also believed to have been influenced by his understanding of Iroqouis government. John Rutledge of South Carolina, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, is said to have read lengthy tracts of Six Nations law to the other framers, beginning with the words \"We, the people, to form a union, to establish peace, equity, and order...\" In October 1988, the U.S. Congress passed Concurrent Resolution 331 to recognize the influence of the Iroquois Constitution upon the American Constitution and Bill of Rights. The extent of the influence of Six Nations law on the U.S.","title":"Great Law of Peace"},{"id":"11655983","text":"Union was initially agreed upon between the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and the Connecticut General Association of Congregational Churches. The Plan was later approved by the Congregational associations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. It enabled churches of either denomination to hire ministers from the other. Congregations were given the choice whether to be governed by congregational polity or by the Presbyterian model of a session of ruling elders. The Plan also made it possible for the Middle Association of Congregationalists in New York to become a subordinate jurisdiction of the Presbyterian Synod of Albany. As part of","title":"Plan of Union of 1801"},{"id":"2582481","text":"region. William Johnson, a Scottish trader, established an estate in the Mohawk Valley, living among the Mohawk, learning their language, and forging an alliance with them. He was appointed as the British Indian agent to the Iroquois. The British also encouraged settlement in the Mohawk Valley by other Europeans, including German Palatines beginning in the 1720s. In what became known as the Albany Congress in 1754, delegates from seven of the thirteen British North American colonies met at Albany to pursue a treaty with the powerful Mohawk. Benjamin Franklin, a Pennsylvania delegate, proposed a plan for uniting the seven colonies","title":"Upstate New York"},{"id":"11027232","text":"in the forthcoming military campaign. The Board of Trade never sought official approval for the Plan from the Crown. They proposed that colonial governors, along with some members of their respective councils, order the raising of troops and building of forts, to be funded by the Treasury of Great Britain. This amount would later have to be repaid, and Parliament imposed a tax on the colonies to pay for the defenses in North America. The Galloway Plan proposed at the First Continental Congress bore striking resemblance to the Albany Plan. It was submitted by conservative Loyalists and quickly rejected in","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"10756080","text":"halls sat, along with the New York State Legislature in the 18th century. The Albany Plan of Union in 1754, presided over by Ben Franklin, was held here. This land was once along the Hudson River's banks, over time being infilled, including in 1911 as part of the construction of the Plaza. The city of Albany purchased and consolidated the land ownership that allowed the D&H to build the building and the city to have a park in front surrounded by a street that acted as a loop for the trolleys running on State Street. Public access was allowed to","title":"SUNY System Administration Building"},{"id":"5208250","text":"a committee at the Albany congress with Benjamin Franklin which was charged with the task of drawing up a plan for a central government of all the colonies. Ath the adjournment of the congress, the plan adopted was submitted to the various legislatures for approval. While it was rejected, its goals were pursued later at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. In 1752 he helped to organize a lottery to pay for a town clock in Annapolis. He was dispatched to settle Cresap's War between Maryland and Pennsylvania. Tasker partnered with his brother-in-law, Christopher Lowndes on the slaving voyage of the","title":"Benjamin Tasker Jr."},{"id":"2699117","text":"the Dutch in the early 17th century and came under British control in 1664. Albany has been the permanent capital of the state of New York since 1797. The Capital District is notable for many historical events that predate the independence of the United States, including the Albany Plan of Union and The Battles of Saratoga. The term Capital District is commonly used to refer to the area due to its location surrounding the state capital. This is similar to other capital districts throughout the world, all of which are associated with a respective capital city. The earliest reference to","title":"Capital District, New York"},{"id":"15254625","text":"a fourth dock was built along the river and the sloop Olive Branch became the first Albany ship to set sail for the West Indies. Additionally, the city sold its remaining land in Schaghticoke. The Gazette became the first newspaper in Albany, first published in 1771 by Alexander and James Robertson. By 1774 events in other colonies regarding disputes with the British Parliament over taxation brought Albany into the wider issue of a colonial union for the first time since the Albany Congress. John Barclay became chairman of the newly formed Committee of Superintendence and Correspondence. The committee selected Colonel","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"626414","text":"became the capital of New York in 1797 following formation of the United States. Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and is the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade and transportation. The city lies toward the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal connecting to the Great Lakes, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. In the 1920s,","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"626422","text":"the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \"Stadt Huys\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally at peace as the war","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"13004918","text":"became home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \"Stadt Huys\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, there was a great increase in real estate transactions in Albany County. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"62705","text":"the thesis does not support this idea as it is advocating for a union against these \"ignorant savages\" and called the idea \"absurd\". Bruce Johansen contends Jennings, Tooker etc. have \"humorlessly missed the ironic nature of Franklin's statement\" and persist in \"ignoring the relevant sources\". Anthropologist Dean Snow stated that though Franklin's Albany Plan may have drawn some inspiration from the Iroquois League, there is little evidence that either the Plan or the Constitution drew substantially from this source and argues that \"...such claims muddle and denigrate the subtle and remarkable features of Iroquois government. The two forms of government","title":"Constitution"},{"id":"626420","text":"Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \"Dongan Charter\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \"Dongan\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \"Stadt Huys\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"13004907","text":"the issuance of the \"Dongan Charter\", the oldest effective city charter in the nation and possibly the longest-running instrument of municipal government in the Western Hemisphere. During the late 18th century and throughout of the 19th century, Albany was a center of transportation. It is located on the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. Albany's main exports at the time were beer, lumber, published works, and ironworks. Beginning in 1810, Albany was one of the ten most","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"1038743","text":"near the Flint River. They used it for making arrowheads and other tools. In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, and the United States made treaties to extinguish Creek and other Native American land claims in the Southeast. The US Army forcibly removed most of the native peoples to Indian Territory, lands west of the Mississippi River. European-American settlement began with Nelson Tiftof Groton, Connecticut, who took land along the Flint River in October 1836 after Indian removal. Tift and his colleagues named the new town Albany after the capital of New York; noting that New York's Albany was","title":"Albany, Georgia"},{"id":"626441","text":"and he served as Mayor from 1994 until his retirement at the end of 2013. His tenure essentially ended the political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \"Albany Plan\", \"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to affect the area since the Rockefeller era.\" Under the Albany Plan, renovation and new building projects were initiated around the downtown area. Many state workers were relocated from the Harriman State Office Campus to downtown, helping its retail businesses and vitality. Fortune 500 companies with","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"11027231","text":"the Plan. They sent copies of letters to each of the Colonial Assemblies and to the British Board of Trade in London, which had originally suggested the Congress. The colonial assemblies and the British representatives rejected the Albany Plan. Benjamin Franklin wrote of the rejections: \"The colonial assemblies and most of the people were narrowly provincial in outlook, mutually jealous, and suspicious of any central taxing authority.\" Many in the British government, already wary of some of the strong-willed colonial assemblies, disliked the idea of consolidating additional power into their hands. They preferred that the colonies concentrate on their part","title":"Albany Plan"},{"id":"15254895","text":"led to a lack of interest in city politics. The 1990s brought about the surprise election of Gerald Jennings, who has been mayor since 1994. His tenure has essentially ended the political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \"Albany Plan\", \"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to effect the area since the Rockefeller era.\" The Albany Plan saw the initiation of renovation and new building projects around the downtown area, and the move of many state workers from the Harriman State","title":"History of Albany, New York (1983–present)"},{"id":"626413","text":"a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population of Albany was 97,856. The area that later became Albany was settled by Dutch colonists who in 1614, built Fort Nassau for fur trading and, in 1624, built Fort Orange. In 1664, the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was officially chartered in 1686 under English rule. It","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"5325342","text":"Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan, an early proposal to create a unified colonial government. It was rejected by colonial assemblies and the British Board of Trade alike. In 1762 Peters retired from the proprietary offices to his \"Belmont\" estate, as he made a sufficient fortune. He was called as rector of Christ Church, and served until his health forced him to resign in September 1775. Throughout these years, he was active in many religious, civic, and educational affairs. He worked with Benjamin Franklin to establish a public academy, which developed as the Philadelphia College and then the University of Pennsylvania, and","title":"Richard Peters (priest)"},{"id":"9761","text":"Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. This became the Constitutional Convention. It was quickly realized that changes would not work, and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced. On March 4, 1789, the government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution. The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive (the President), courts, and taxing powers. The political push to increase cooperation among the then-loyal colonies began with the Albany Congress in 1754 and Benjamin Franklin's proposed Albany Plan, an inter-colonial collaboration to help solve mutual local problems. The","title":"Articles of Confederation"},{"id":"11655982","text":"Plan of Union of 1801 The Plan of Union of 1801 was an agreement between the Congregational churches of New England and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America for mutual support and joint effort in evangelizing the American frontier. It lasted until 1852. Prior to 1801, Congregationalists and Presbyterians had enjoyed friendly relationships. Both denominations shared a common Calvinistic theology, while differing in church polity (with Congregationalists and Presbyterians having adopted the Savoy Declaration and Westminster Standards respectively). There were also many instances stretching back to colonial times where Puritan congregations embraced presbyterian polity. The Plan of","title":"Plan of Union of 1801"},{"id":"4933969","text":"army that would be able to put down such insurrections. These and other issues greatly worried many of the Founders that the Union as it existed up to that point was in danger of breaking apart, and being subject to the persuasion of foreign powers. In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing","title":"Constitutional Convention (United States)"},{"id":"1743973","text":"Albany Congress The Albany Congress (also known as \"The Conference of Albany\") was a meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of seven of the thirteen British colonies in British America: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Northernmost Newfoundland and Nova Scotia were not in attendance. Representatives met daily at the \"Stadt Huys\" in Albany, New York, from June 18 to July 11, 1754, to discuss better relations with the American Indian tribes and common defensive measures against the French threat from Canada in the opening stage of the French and Indian War, the North","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"15254603","text":"a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \"Dongan Charter\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \"Dongan\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \"Stadt Huys\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"2171489","text":"that forced a retreat from the New York City area, leaving the strategic port and harbor to the British army and navy as their North American base of operations for the rest of the war. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war in favor of the Americans, convincing France to formally ally with them. New York's constitution was adopted in 1777, and strongly influenced the United States Constitution. New York City was the national capital at various times between 1785 and 1790, where the Bill of Rights was drafted. Albany became the permanent state capital in","title":"History of New York (state)"},{"id":"1743974","text":"American front of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. Delegates did not have the goal of creating an American nation; rather, they were colonists with the more limited mission of pursuing a treaty with the Mohawks and other major Iroquois tribes. This was the first time that American colonists had met together, and it provided a model that came into use in setting up the Stamp Act Congress in 1765, as well as the First Continental Congress in 1774, which were preludes to the American Revolution. The Albany Congress was the first time in the 18th century","title":"Albany Congress"},{"id":"626419","text":"a younger son of the King of Scots. The name is ultimately derived from \"Alba\", the Gaelic name for Scotland. The Dutch briefly regained Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city \"Willemstadt\"; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; Albany became the county seat.","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"13092242","text":"Associated with this extension Northern Boulevard was also widened and both Lancaster and State streets were turned into one-ways. Entrances to Washington Park from Thurlow Terrace and Englewood Place were closed in 1972 turning those into dead end streets from Western Avenue. In 1988 Washington Park Road was renamed \"Albany Plan of Union Avenue\" in honor of the colonial congress held in Albany by Benjamin Franklin that proposed closer ties and support among the Thirteen Colonies. In 1991 Northern Boulevard from its intersection with Madison Avenue and Willett Street north through the park and continuing to Livingston Avenue in Arbor","title":"Washington Park Historic District (Albany, New York)"},{"id":"6816117","text":"8, 1861, before the secession convention. With military companies forming all over Louisiana, the convention itself was anti-climactic, voting Louisiana out of the Union 113 to 17. The outbreak of hostilities in the area of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, led to the story of New Orleans in the Civil War. The Union's strategy was devised by Winfield Scott, whose \"Anaconda Plan\" called for the division of the Confederacy by seizing control of the Mississippi River. One of the first steps in such operations was the imposition of the Union blockade. After the blockade was established, a Confederate naval counterattack attempted","title":"Capture of New Orleans"},{"id":"427815","text":"doubt. On February 21, 1787, the Confederation Congress called a convention of state delegates at Philadelphia to propose a plan of government. Unlike earlier attempts, the convention was not meant for new laws or piecemeal alterations, but for the \"sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation\". The convention was not limited to commerce; rather, it was intended to \"render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government and the preservation of the Union.\" The proposal might take effect when approved by Congress and the states. On the appointed day, May 14, 1787, only the Virginia and","title":"United States Constitution"},{"id":"4089889","text":"liberal and individualist principles, although forms of ethnic nationalism were sometimes promoted until the civil rights movement. The United States traces its origins to the Thirteen Colonies founded by Britain in the 17th and early 18th century. Residents identified with Britain until the mid-18th century when the first sense of being \"American\" emerged. The Albany Plan proposed a union between the colonies in 1754. Although unsuccessful, it served as a reference for future discussions of independence. Soon afterward, the colonies faced several common grievances over acts passed by the British Parliament, including taxation without representation. Americans were in general agreement","title":"American nationalism"},{"id":"1722360","text":"boost to Patriots at a time when morale was flagging, and have become iconic images of the war. In early 1777, a grand British strategic plan, the Saratoga Campaign, was drafted in London. The plan called for two British armies to converge on Albany, New York from the north and south, dividing the colonies in two and separating New England from the rest. Failed communications and poor planning resulted in the army descending from Canada, commanded by General John Burgoyne, bogging down in dense forest north of Albany. Meanwhile, the British Army that was supposed to advance up the Hudson","title":"History of the United States (1776–1789)"},{"id":"19788304","text":"his expedition left Sydney on 9 November 1826 aboard HM brig \"Amity\", with a detachment of twenty troops from the 39th Regiment, twenty-three convicts to assist in establishing the settlement, and six months provisions. Arriving at King George's Sound on 25 December 1826, Lockyer landed ashore early the next day and commenced a survey of the area. On 30 December the troops and prisoners were disembarked, setting up camp and landing stores. On 21 January 1827, as instructed by the Colonial Secretary, the Union Jack was raised and a feu de joie fired by the troops, formally annexing the territory,","title":"History of Albany, Western Australia"},{"id":"11502905","text":"History of the African Union The African Union is a geo-political entity covering the entirety of the African continent. Its origin dates back to the First Congress of Independence African States, held in Accra, Ghana, from 15 to 22 April 1958. The conference aimed at forming the Africa Day to mark the liberation movement, each year, regarding the willingness of the African people to free themselves from foreign dictatorship, as well as subsequent attempts to unite Africa, including the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was established on 25 May 1963, and the African Economic Community in 1981. Critics argued","title":"History of the African Union"},{"id":"12527160","text":"New South Wales. The original building was completed in 1869, after requests from the Government Resident to the administration in Perth, Western Australia. Large scale site works included excavations, by convict labour, and a large granite retaining wall up to 5 feet thick. The design by James Manning, the Clerk of Works, now forms the eastern section of the building. The functions of the region's first government building included postal, judicial, customs, and a meeting place for the Road Board and local government. The second phase of construction, completed in 1895, was to a design of the Government architect George","title":"Albany Post Office"},{"id":"626417","text":"extent and duration of those visits has not been determined. Permanent European claims began when Englishman Henry Hudson, exploring for the Dutch East India Company on the \"Half Moon\" (), reached the area in 1609, claiming it for the United Netherlands. In 1614, Hendrick Christiaensen built Fort Nassau, a fur-trading post and the first documented European structure in present-day Albany. Commencement of the fur trade provoked hostility from the French colony in Canada and among the natives, all of whom vied to control the trade. In 1618, a flood ruined the fort on Castle Island, but it was rebuilt in","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"13004917","text":"colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War began; it was the North American front of the Seven Years' War in Europe and the fourth in a series of North American wars between the colonial powers dating back to 1689, began. It ended in 1763 with French defeat by the British, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \"Stadt Huys\"","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"1182869","text":"policies were influenced by the liberal ideals of Oberlin College, which he had attended as a student. In 1850, a joint-stock company took over administration of Lewis Academy, and the name was changed to the Albany Manual Labor Academy. The school continued to admit students of all genders and races. Slaveholders were not permitted to become shareholders. Students with financial need could borrow money from the institution and repay their tuition by working two hours a day in the manual labor department: farming land owned by the school, operating the school's saw-mill, or making bricks. The academy's constitution stated that","title":"Albany, Ohio"},{"id":"9430815","text":"those promised, with the exception of part of one of the recommendations of the 9/11 commission. The origin for the name of the plan is a play-on-words from former Democratic President Franklin Roosevelt who promised quick action on the part of government (to combat the Great Depression) during his \"first hundred days\" in office. One hundred hours was also the amount of legislative time available to Congress prior to the President's 2007 State of the Union address on Tuesday, January 23. The plan was promised by Democrats in the days leading up to the 2006 midterm elections in the United","title":"100-Hour Plan"},{"id":"13004938","text":"loss of Corning (and eventually the political machine) led to a lack of interest in city politics. Gerald Jennings surprised many by his victory in the mayoral election in 1994, and his tenure since then. His tenure has essentially ended the Democratic Party political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \"Albany Plan\", \"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to effect the area since the Rockefeller era.\" Under the Albany Plan a number of renovation and new building projects were undertaken in","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"15254607","text":"state capital in the United States. In the period leading up to the Second Anglo-Dutch War, King Charles II of England granted the land from Maine to Delaware, which included all of New Netherland, to his brother James, Duke of York. In April 1664 four ships with a combined 450-men fighting force set sail for New Amsterdam. Fort Orange was surrendered to the English 16 days after New Amsterdam (the city of New York). Surrender terms at New Amsterdam were quite generous. Fort Orange was renamed Fort Albany, and the village of Beverswyck was renamed Albany, in honor of the","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"13004915","text":"Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city Willemstadt; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; the city of Albany became the county seat. Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \"Dongan Charter\" was virtually","title":"History of Albany, New York"},{"id":"9317436","text":"made president on the recommendation of Slater King, and Slater King was made vice president. The incorporation documents were largely the work of C. B. King. It quickly became a broad-front nonviolent attack on every aspect of segregation within the city. Bus stations, libraries, and lunch counters reserved for White Americans were occupied by African Americans, boycotts were launched, and hundreds of protesters marched on City Hall. The Albany police chief, Laurie Pritchett, carefully studied the movement's strategy and developed a strategy he hoped could subvert it. He used mass arrests but avoided the kind of violent incidents that might","title":"Albany Movement"},{"id":"626412","text":"Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately north of New York City. Albany is known for its rich history, commerce, culture, architecture, and institutions of higher education. Albany constitutes the economic and cultural core of the Capital District of New York State, which comprises the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, including the nearby cities and suburbs of Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs. With","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"9758","text":"Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government","title":"Articles of Confederation"},{"id":"15254602","text":"The name is ultimately derived from \"Alba\", the Gaelic name for Scotland. The Dutch briefly regained Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city Willemstadt; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; the city of Albany became the county seat. Albany was formally chartered as","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"15019479","text":"railroad bridge. A row of trees border the rail line. At the time of its founding in 1686, and throughout most of the 18th century, Albany was a small area coterminous with its present-day downtown, encircled by a stockade. Its charter extended its corporate limits a mile (1.6 km) north along the Hudson River from the stockade, to the vicinity of what is today Clinton Avenue. The land to the north was owned by the van Rensselaer family, the area's colonial \"patroons\" since it was settled by the Dutch. In 1764, Stephen van Rensselaer II, then the \"patroon\", had the","title":"Broadway–Livingston Avenue Historic District"},{"id":"15254610","text":"three months earlier. Pieter Schuyler was appointed first mayor of Albany the day the charter was signed. As part of the Dongan Charter the city's boundaries were fixed with Patroon Street (today Clinton Avenue) as the northern limit and the \"northern tip of Martin Gerritsen's Island\" as the southern limit, both lines extending to the northwest. Albany was given the right to purchase in \"Schaahtecogue\" (today Schaghticoke), and at \"Tionnondoroge\" (today Fort Hunter). In 1689 Albany became a center of resistance to Jacob Leisler who, during confusion over the Glorious Revolution, led Leisler's Rebellion and took \"de facto\" control over","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"4749800","text":"admitted it to the Union in 1791, the Constitution was in effect and the legislature of New York had consented. All later secession proposals would require similar consent. Tensions between what eventually became upstate and downstate New York had existed since Leisler's Rebellion in 1689. That rebellion was more heavily supported in the lower Hudson Valley, near modern New York City, than it was in the Albany area, which remained loyal to the English crown (at the time, the Glorious Revolution was underway in England). Although the rebellion was settled in 1691 when Leisler was executed, tensions between the upper","title":"Partition and secession in New York"},{"id":"10041799","text":"met in Federal Hall, 25 had served in the legislature and every sitting member of that body was considered an honorary member of the Society. Robert R. Livingston, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was chosen as the Society's first president. Other early members of note included John Jay, first Chief Justice of the United States and a future governor of the state, and George Clinton, another later governor who would eventually become Vice President. When Albany was permanently designated as the state capital in 1796, the Society moved with it. It met in the former City Hall at","title":"Albany Institute of History & Art"},{"id":"626509","text":"50,000 tulip bulbs in 1948; this act led to the establishment of the annual Tulip Festival. Most of the other connections were made in the 1980s during Mayor Whalen's term in office as part of his cultural expansion program. The official sister cities are: The additional twin-city relationships are with: Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately north of New York City. Albany","title":"Albany, New York"},{"id":"15254622","text":"target of several French plans to cut the British colonies in half. Albany was also the point in which British and colonial troops were assembled, and where several invasions of French Canada, and specifically Montreal, were planned. By 1756, 10,000 soldiers were drilling in Albany in preparation of attacks on Canada or for defense of the route to Albany. Sybrant Van Schaick was appointed mayor in 1756 and a smallpox epidemic occurred. Refugees and soldiers continued to pour into the city as fighting along the routes to and from Canada escalated. Due to the large population of British soldiers, British","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"15254601","text":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784) The history of Albany, New York from 1664 to 1784 begins with the English takeover of New Netherland and ends with the ratification of the \"Treaty of Paris\" by the Congress of the Confederation in 1784, ending the Revolutionary War. When New Netherland was captured by the English in 1664, the name Beverwijck was changed to Albany, in honor of the Duke of Albany (later James II of England and James VII of Scotland). Duke of Albany was a Scottish title given since 1398, generally to a younger son of the King of Scots.","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"2963815","text":"Confederate government was already strained financially as early as 1862. As its economy steadily degenerated, it suffered from a general loss of confidence on the part of its citizens. Abbreviations used in these notes: Anaconda Plan The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to a U.S. Union Army outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. Proposed by Union general-in-chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be rather passive,","title":"Anaconda Plan"},{"id":"13274410","text":"city was within a stockade. Most commercial buildings at the time, primarily warehouses, were located on what is now Broadway. The 1815 Coulson Building at 420 Broadway, the oldest building in the district, is typical of that kind of construction. The inland blocks were residential. Albany was a point of contention during both the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, and the New York State Legislature met there in 1780 after British occupation ended. In 1797 it was designated the state capital. More residences were built, primarily to be rented to lawyers and legislators working in the capitol and the","title":"Downtown Albany Historic District"},{"id":"4473791","text":"by 1833. Due to this slow progress, the settlers of Albany petitioned England to supply convicts to work on the road. At the time the government in Perth derided the proposal, and Western Australia would not become a penal colony until 1849. In October and November 1835, Governor Stirling and Surveyor-General John Septimus Roe travelled overland from Perth to Albany, with the focus of the journey being the route south of the Hotham River. A more comprehensive survey was undertaken in July–September 1836 by Assistant Surveyors Alfred Hillman and D. Smith. Hillman started from the Albany end, while Smith concurrently","title":"Albany Highway"},{"id":"2733960","text":"slavery, financing government, consumption of alcohol and Congressional pay. Criticism over the life of the Constitution has centered on expanding democracy and states rights. On June 4, 1776, a resolution was introduced in the Second Continental Congress declaring the union with Great Britain to be dissolved, proposing the formation of foreign alliances, and suggesting the drafting of a plan of confederation to be submitted to the respective states. Independence was declared on July 4, 1776; the preparation of a plan of confederation was postponed. Although the Declaration was a statement of principles, it did not create a government or even","title":"History of the United States Constitution"},{"id":"2121446","text":"The Virginia Plan and the debate surrounding it are prominently featured in the 1989 film \"A More Perfect Union\", which depicts the events of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Presented largely from the viewpoint and words of James Madison, the movie was mainly filmed in Independence Hall. Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was","title":"Virginia Plan"},{"id":"2963778","text":"Anaconda Plan The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to a U.S. Union Army outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. Proposed by Union general-in-chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be rather passive, it was widely derided by a vociferous faction of Union generals who wanted a more vigorous prosecution of the war, and who likened it to the coils of an anaconda suffocating its victim. The","title":"Anaconda Plan"},{"id":"1739460","text":"River to bolster the area's defenses. This expedition erected Fort Halifax in what is now Winslow, Maine. News of hostilities in the Ohio Country brought further urgency to that matter, as well as attendance at a planned conference of colonies at Albany, New York. Because of the urgency, and the support of politically powerful Maine landowners, Shirley's relationship with the provincial assembly was relatively good. Shirley instructed the provincial representatives to the Albany Conference to seek a colonial union, but the provincial assembly (along with those of other provinces) rejected the conference's proposals. Shirley was approached by Nova Scotia Governor","title":"William Shirley"},{"id":"9783","text":"of Texas and California that had already been surveyed and divided up by the Spanish Empire). Then, when the Homestead Act was enacted in 1867, the quarter section became the basic unit of land that was granted to new settler-farmers. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 noted the agreement of the original states to give up northwestern land claims, organized the Northwest Territory and laid the groundwork for the eventual creation of new states. While it didn't happen under the articles, the land north of the Ohio River and west of the (present) western border of Pennsylvania ceded by Massachusetts, Connecticut,","title":"Articles of Confederation"},{"id":"4473789","text":"into the centre of Albany. Prior to European settlement, the indigenous Noongar people had a considerable network of tracks around their territory in the south-west of Western Australia. One such track, used as a trade route, linked the Swan River (in modern-day Perth) with the area now known as Albany. The track followed a similar alignment to modern-day Albany Highway. On 25 December 1826, the New South Wales colonial government brig \"Amity\", under the command of Major Edmund Lockyer, arrived at King George Sound to establish a military garrison. On 21 January 1827, as instructed by the Colonial Secretary, the","title":"Albany Highway"},{"id":"2963811","text":"order did not exist at the time that they took place. For the historians who contend that a rational plan did exist, the debate, like the plan itself, has two parts. The importance of the campaign to capture the Mississippi River, and thereby lop off the Trans-Mississippi, is acknowledged. Virtually all present-day historians agree that the Union's Western campaign was at least as significant as that in the East. To the extent that fighting in the West before mid-1863 can be regarded as preparing for or culminating in the capture of Vicksburg, the Anaconda has been validated. The worth of","title":"Anaconda Plan"},{"id":"18760340","text":"Union of Arms The Union of Arms (in Spanish \"Unión de Armas\") was a political proposal, put forward by Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares for greater military co-operation between the constituent parts of the composite monarchy ruled by Philip IV of Spain. The plan was for each of the kingdoms ruled by Philip to contribute equitably to a fund from which 140,000 troops would be maintained for the defense of the monarchy. The plan was \"a thinly disguised attempt to integrate the fiscal institutions of the empire [that] prompted much opposition in the Indies.\" The division of contributions envisaged","title":"Union of Arms"},{"id":"15254605","text":"(the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \"Stadt Huys\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally at peace as the war raged on elsewhere. Prosperity was","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"4212597","text":"a proposal was accepted by the premiers of the Australian colonies to establish a new Convention by popular vote, with the resulting draft of the constitution being submitted to the electors of each colony in a referendum. The Convention held meetings over the course of a year, beginning first in Adelaide in 1897, later meeting in Sydney, and culminating in Melbourne in March 1898. After the Adelaide meeting, the colonial Parliaments took the opportunity to debate the emerging Bill and to suggest changes. The basic principles discussed in 1891 were adopted, with the addition of the principle of responsible government.","title":"Federation of Australia"},{"id":"4473790","text":"Union Jack was raised and a feu de joie fired by the troops, formally annexing the territory, in assertion of the first official claim by the Imperial Government to British possession over the whole continent of Australia. On 7 March 1831 the King George Sound and colony was made part of the Swan River Colony and a free settlement. Albany was officially named by Governor Stirling at the beginning of 1832, at the time that political authority passed to the Swan River colony. The construction of a road from Albany to Perth began soon thereafter, but only had been completed","title":"Albany Highway"},{"id":"15781886","text":"on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole assembly being renewed annually. In 1797, Albany was declared the State capital, and all subsequent Legislatures have been meeting there ever since. In 1799, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the last Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor. At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The State election was held from April 27 to 29, 1802. Senators John Schenck (Southern D.) and Solomon Sutherland (Middle D.) were re-elected. Joseph Annin, Matthias B. Tallmadge,","title":"26th New York State Legislature"},{"id":"15254619","text":"came between France and Britain (and therefore between Canada and New York) through the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and Jacob Ten Eyck was appointed mayor. In 1750 Robert Sanders took the oath of office as mayor of Albany. In 1751 an auction was held to sell the rights to operate two ferries, one from Greenbush (today Rensselaer) to Albany, and another from Albany to Greenbush. Also in 1751, a conference was held in Albany consisting of representatives from the Iroquois Nation, New York Governor George Clinton, the Indian commissioners from South Carolina, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Catawba tribe.","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"},{"id":"6113600","text":"Times Union (Albany) The Times Union is an American daily newspaper, serving the Capital Region of New York. Although the newspaper focuses on Albany and its suburbs, it covers all parts of the four-county area, including the cities of Troy, Schenectady and Saratoga Springs. It is owned by Hearst Communications. The paper was founded in 1857 as the \"Morning Times\", becoming \"Times-Union\" by 1891, and was purchased by William Randolph Hearst in 1924. The newspaper has been online since 1996. The editor of the \"Times Union\" is Rex Smith, who has held the post since July 2002. He had been","title":"Times Union (Albany)"},{"id":"15254609","text":"political appointees from that period were retained. In 1676, Governor Edmund Andros of the Dominion of New England (of which the Province of New York was a part) had Fort Frederick built at the top of Yonkers Street, today the corner of State and Lodge streets, to replace Fort Albany, which was located by the Hudson River. Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. At this time Albany had a population of only 500. The \"Dongan Charter\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York","title":"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"11027227\",\n \"text\": \"Albany Plan The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York. More than twenty representatives of several Northern Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian War, the front in North America of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, spurred on by Washington's recent defeat in the Ohio valley. The Plan represented one of multiple early\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027233\",\n \"text\": \"favor of more radical proposals. In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, the Albany Plan of Union served as a precursor to the draft Articles of Confederation. Albany Plan The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York. More than twenty representatives of several Northern Atlantic colonies had gathered to plan their defense related to the French and Indian War, the front in North America\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254621\",\n \"text\": \"year all except Virginia and New Jersey attend, but Rhode Island and Connecticut attend in their stead. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented what is now known as the Albany Plan of Union. The meeting, which took place at the corner of Broadway and Hudson Avenue, became known as the Albany Congress. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. One month later, fears of a war with France came true and new stockades are erected at Albany. Johannes Hansen is appointed mayor. During the French and Indian War, Albany was the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626421\",\n \"text\": \"Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War, the fourth in a series of wars dating back to 1689, began; it ended in 1763 with French defeat, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" became home to\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027228\",\n \"text\": \"attempts to form a union of the colonies \\\"under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes.\\\" The Albany Congress discussed the plan. After a committee reviewed different plans offered by delegates, its members chose Franklin's plan with some small modifications. Benjamin Chew, then a young lawyer from Dover, Pennsylvania, served as secretary, and Richard Peters and Isaac Norris, both from Philadelphia, were among the members of this committee and the Pennsylvania delegation. It went beyond the original scope of the Congress, which was to develop a plan of defense related to near-term\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254604\",\n \"text\": \"presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War, the fourth in a series of wars dating back to 1689, began; it ended in 1763 with French defeat, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" became home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9695762\",\n \"text\": \"least 160 years (meaning a replacement structure would not have been needed until 1795 at the earliest), which is in disagreement with the idea that a new \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" was built in the 1740s. In 1754, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" was the site of the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there. This was the first formal proposal to unite the British American colonies. The Plan of Union's original intention was to unite the colonies in defense against aggressions of the French to the north; it was not an attempt to become independent from the\",\n \"title\": \"Albany City Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1821796\",\n \"text\": \"1754, the Albany Conference was held in Albany, New York. Twenty-one representatives of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire attended the Congress. Secretaries of each colony represented also attended, including Benjamin Chew of the Pennsylvania delegation. These secretaries helped formulate the plan to unite the colonies as a unified force at the time of threat from France during the Seven Years' War, known in North America as the French and Indian War, which began that year. The Albany Plan of Union was one of the first attempts to unite the British colonies. Benjamin Franklin proposed\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Chew\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004916\",\n \"text\": \"identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \\\"Dongan\\\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union there, which was the first formal proposal to unite the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743976\",\n \"text\": \"Because of differences in threat, he attracted only the colonies as far south as Maryland. The Albany delegates spent most of their time debating Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of union to create a unified level of colonial government. The delegates voted approval of a plan that called for a union of 11 colonies, with a president appointed by the British Crown. Each colonial assembly would send 2 to 7 delegates to a \\\"grand council\\\" which would have legislative powers. The Union would have jurisdiction over Indian affairs. The plan was rejected by the colonies' legislatures, which were protective of their\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9695756\",\n \"text\": \"hall was the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\", built by the Dutch at the intersection of Broadway and Hudson Avenue probably in the 1660s, though possibly earlier. It was probably replaced around 1740 with a larger building, which continued to be known as the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\". In 1754, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" was the location of the Albany Congress, where Benjamin Franklin presented the Albany Plan of Union, the first proposal to unite the British American colonies. In 1797 Albany was declared the state capital of New York and the New York Legislature made its home in Albany's city hall. In 1809 the Legislature\",\n \"title\": \"Albany City Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743978\",\n \"text\": \"unite the colonies exceeded the scope of the congress, which had been called to plan a defense against the French and Indian threat. The original plan was heavily debated by all who attended the conference, including the young Philadelphia lawyer Benjamin Chew. Numerous modifications were also proposed by Thomas Hutchinson, who later became Governor of Massachusetts. The delegates passed the plan unanimously. They submitted it with their recommendations, but the legislatures of the seven colonies rejected it, as it would have removed some of their existing powers. The plan was never sent to the Crown for approval, although it was\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027229\",\n \"text\": \"threats by France. The northern colonies were most concerned, as they shared a border with the French colony in Canada, but the mid-Atlantic colonies were also affected by differing loyalties of various Native American nations, usually related to their trading with France or Great Britain. The New England and northern tier colonies had long been subject to raiding from Canada during times of conflict. The Albany Plan was the first proposed unification of the colonies for the purposes of defense. The Plan called for a general government to be administered by a President General, to be appointed and supported by\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743975\",\n \"text\": \"that American colonial representatives met to discuss some manner of formal union. In the 17th century, some New England colonies had formed a loose association called the New England Confederation, principally for purposes of defense, as raiding was frequent by French and allied Indian tribes. In the 1680s, the British Government created the Dominion of New England as a unifying government on the colonies between the Delaware River and Penobscot Bay; it was dissolved in 1689. Jacob Leisler summoned an intercolonial congress which met in New York on 1 May 1690 to plan concerted action against the French and Indians.\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743979\",\n \"text\": \"submitted to the British Board of Trade, which also rejected it. The Plan of Union proposed to include all the British North American colonies, although none of the colonies south of Maryland sent representatives to the Albany Congress. (Note that the \\\"Lower Counties on the Delaware\\\" were then administered by Pennsylvania, and Georgia Colony was slow to start.) The plan called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for relations with the Indians, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities. It called for a Grand Council to\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20073451\",\n \"text\": \"included officials from both the colonies and from the Iroquois. The subject of the meeting referred to tensions between the British and the French and the prelude to the French and Indian Wars. At the meeting, residents of the city of Albany were able to come into contact with people from the rest of the colonies, which was an interesting experience for many citizens of the city. The result of the Congress was the Albany Plan of Union, which was the first attempt to create a unified government. The plan included 7 of the English colonies in North America. The\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Hudson River\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743977\",\n \"text\": \"independent charters, and by the Colonial Office, which wanted a military command. Many elements of the plan were later the basis for the American government established by the Articles of Confederation of 1777 and the Constitution of 1787. Franklin speculated that the colonies might not have separated from England so soon had the 1754 plan been adopted. Benjamin Franklin said in 1789: The Congress and its Albany Plan have achieved iconic status as presaging the formation of the United States of America in 1776. It is often illustrated with Franklin's famous snake cartoon \\\"Join, or Die\\\". Benjamin Franklin's plan to\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2582482\",\n \"text\": \"that greatly exceeded the scope of the congress. The delegates spent most of their time debating this Albany Plan of union, one of the first attempts to form a union of the colonies \\\"under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes\\\". The delegates approved an amended version, but the colonies rejected it. To counter the French militarily, the British established forts along Lake Ontario and at portages between the Mohawk Valley and the adjacent Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario watersheds. The region became the area for many conflicts of the French and\",\n \"title\": \"Upstate New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6818502\",\n \"text\": \"correspondent) Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in July 1754 to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies. The Albany Plan went beyond the original scope of the Albany Congress, which was to develop a plan of defense for the French and Indian War. Although as a delegate to the Continental Congress Galloway was a moderate, when his Plan of Union (despite its removal of British Parliamentary sovereignty) was rejected, Galloway moved increasingly towards Loyalism. After 1778 he lived in Britain, where he acted as a leader of the Loyalist movement and an advisor to the government. Once Britain's\",\n \"title\": \"Galloway's Plan of Union\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"46903\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Declaration of Independence\\\" between September 4, 1774, and July 4, 1776, were affiliated with the College. In 1753, both Harvard and Yale awarded him honorary degrees. In 1754, he headed the Pennsylvania delegation to the Albany Congress. This meeting of several colonies had been requested by the Board of Trade in England to improve relations with the Indians and defense against the French. Franklin proposed a broad Plan of Union for the colonies. While the plan was not adopted, elements of it found their way into the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. In 1756, Franklin received an honorary\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Franklin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9695763\",\n \"text\": \"auspices of the British crown. Although it was never adopted by the British Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. A month prior to the meeting, Franklin published his \\\"Join, or Die\\\" political cartoon, an infamous graphical representation of the Plan of Union. During the Revolutionary War, city hall was home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government in 1775 and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County (which at that time was the largest county in the colony,\",\n \"title\": \"Albany City Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8065087\",\n \"text\": \"fight for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. At that time, the colonists were divided on whether to fight the French and their Native-American allies for control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. It became a symbol for the need of organized action against an outside threat posed by the French and Native-Americans in the mid 18th century. Writer Philip Davidson states that Franklin was a propagandist influential in seeing the potential in political cartoons. Franklin had proposed the Albany Plan and his cartoon suggested that such a union was necessary to avoid destruction. As Franklin wrote:\",\n \"title\": \"Join, or Die\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743980\",\n \"text\": \"be selected by the colonial legislatures, with the number of delegates to be apportioned according to the taxes paid by each colony. The colonial assemblies rejected the plan, although delegates forming the government after the Revolution incorporated some features in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. Twenty-one representatives attended the Congress from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. New York Governor James DeLancey was host governor and Chairman. Peter Wraxall served as Secretary to the Congress. Delegates included: ‡ Indicates Members of the committee of the Plan of Union Albany Congress The Albany Congress\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027230\",\n \"text\": \"the Crown, and a Grand Council to consist of delegates nominated by (the lower houses of) the colonial assemblies. Under the plan, delegates from the colonies would be chosen roughly proportionate to colony size – from a minimum of two to a maximum of seven for Virginia - but each colony would have only one vote and decision making was by unanimous consensus. Proposed powers included treaty making, and raising army and naval forces; and, most significantly, included the right of taxation. After the larger group of delegates discussed their issues and objections, they resolved most of them and adopted\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6818501\",\n \"text\": \"for three year terms.. Galloway's plan would have kept the British Empire together, while allowing the colonies to have some say over their own affairs, including the inflammatory issue of taxation. Galloway's plan was not accepted by the Congress. The appearance of the Suffolk Resolves at the Congress led to a polarization of discussion, with the radicals swiftly gaining the upper hand. Galloway's Plan of Union was narrowly defeated by a vote of six to five on October 27, 1774. The proposed Galloway Plan bore striking resemblance to the Albany Plan, a proposal by Galloway's fellow Pennsylvania delegate (and active\",\n \"title\": \"Galloway's Plan of Union\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19225438\",\n \"text\": \"Midwest, Congregationalists coming from New England had found themselves living next to Presbyterians originating primarily in the Middle Atlantic states such as New York and Pennsylvania. To form churches, the two groups had often combined their numbers, and at the beginning the century both denominations had agreed on a Plan of Union to facilitate this. However, doctrinal differences between the two, particularly in light of a widening schism among the Presbyterians themselves, had resulted in charges of heresy and revocations of support for some newer synods in Western New York and Ohio. The implementation of the Plan of Union had\",\n \"title\": \"First Congregational Church of Albany\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"470002\",\n \"text\": \"Washington, which benefited the American cause during the Revolution. Also, colonial legislatures and officials had to cooperate intensively in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort. The relations were not always positive between the British military establishment and the colonists, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. At the 1754 Albany Congress, Pennsylvania colonist Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan which would have created a unified government of the Thirteen Colonies for coordination of defense and other matters, but the plan was rejected by the leaders of most colonies. In the Treaty of Paris (1763), France formally\",\n \"title\": \"Thirteen Colonies\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"589414\",\n \"text\": \"1647, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took over management of the colony, and surrendered it in 1664 to the British, who had invaded the largely-defenseless New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam and the colony of New Netherland were renamed New York, after the Duke of York. Under British colonial rule, the Hudson Valley became an agricultural hub. Manors were developed on the east side of the river, and the west side contained many smaller and independent farms. In 1754, the Albany Plan of Union was created at Albany City Hall on the Hudson. The plan allowed the colonies to treaty with the Iroquois and\",\n \"title\": \"Hudson River\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1728171\",\n \"text\": \"government to the English. Franklin's Albany Plan is also believed to have been influenced by his understanding of Iroqouis government. John Rutledge of South Carolina, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, is said to have read lengthy tracts of Six Nations law to the other framers, beginning with the words \\\"We, the people, to form a union, to establish peace, equity, and order...\\\" In October 1988, the U.S. Congress passed Concurrent Resolution 331 to recognize the influence of the Iroquois Constitution upon the American Constitution and Bill of Rights. The extent of the influence of Six Nations law on the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Great Law of Peace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11655983\",\n \"text\": \"Union was initially agreed upon between the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and the Connecticut General Association of Congregational Churches. The Plan was later approved by the Congregational associations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. It enabled churches of either denomination to hire ministers from the other. Congregations were given the choice whether to be governed by congregational polity or by the Presbyterian model of a session of ruling elders. The Plan also made it possible for the Middle Association of Congregationalists in New York to become a subordinate jurisdiction of the Presbyterian Synod of Albany. As part of\",\n \"title\": \"Plan of Union of 1801\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2582481\",\n \"text\": \"region. William Johnson, a Scottish trader, established an estate in the Mohawk Valley, living among the Mohawk, learning their language, and forging an alliance with them. He was appointed as the British Indian agent to the Iroquois. The British also encouraged settlement in the Mohawk Valley by other Europeans, including German Palatines beginning in the 1720s. In what became known as the Albany Congress in 1754, delegates from seven of the thirteen British North American colonies met at Albany to pursue a treaty with the powerful Mohawk. Benjamin Franklin, a Pennsylvania delegate, proposed a plan for uniting the seven colonies\",\n \"title\": \"Upstate New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027232\",\n \"text\": \"in the forthcoming military campaign. The Board of Trade never sought official approval for the Plan from the Crown. They proposed that colonial governors, along with some members of their respective councils, order the raising of troops and building of forts, to be funded by the Treasury of Great Britain. This amount would later have to be repaid, and Parliament imposed a tax on the colonies to pay for the defenses in North America. The Galloway Plan proposed at the First Continental Congress bore striking resemblance to the Albany Plan. It was submitted by conservative Loyalists and quickly rejected in\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10756080\",\n \"text\": \"halls sat, along with the New York State Legislature in the 18th century. The Albany Plan of Union in 1754, presided over by Ben Franklin, was held here. This land was once along the Hudson River's banks, over time being infilled, including in 1911 as part of the construction of the Plaza. The city of Albany purchased and consolidated the land ownership that allowed the D&H to build the building and the city to have a park in front surrounded by a street that acted as a loop for the trolleys running on State Street. Public access was allowed to\",\n \"title\": \"SUNY System Administration Building\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5208250\",\n \"text\": \"a committee at the Albany congress with Benjamin Franklin which was charged with the task of drawing up a plan for a central government of all the colonies. Ath the adjournment of the congress, the plan adopted was submitted to the various legislatures for approval. While it was rejected, its goals were pursued later at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. In 1752 he helped to organize a lottery to pay for a town clock in Annapolis. He was dispatched to settle Cresap's War between Maryland and Pennsylvania. Tasker partnered with his brother-in-law, Christopher Lowndes on the slaving voyage of the\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Tasker Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2699117\",\n \"text\": \"the Dutch in the early 17th century and came under British control in 1664. Albany has been the permanent capital of the state of New York since 1797. The Capital District is notable for many historical events that predate the independence of the United States, including the Albany Plan of Union and The Battles of Saratoga. The term Capital District is commonly used to refer to the area due to its location surrounding the state capital. This is similar to other capital districts throughout the world, all of which are associated with a respective capital city. The earliest reference to\",\n \"title\": \"Capital District, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254625\",\n \"text\": \"a fourth dock was built along the river and the sloop Olive Branch became the first Albany ship to set sail for the West Indies. Additionally, the city sold its remaining land in Schaghticoke. The Gazette became the first newspaper in Albany, first published in 1771 by Alexander and James Robertson. By 1774 events in other colonies regarding disputes with the British Parliament over taxation brought Albany into the wider issue of a colonial union for the first time since the Albany Congress. John Barclay became chairman of the newly formed Committee of Superintendence and Correspondence. The committee selected Colonel\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626414\",\n \"text\": \"became the capital of New York in 1797 following formation of the United States. Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and is the longest continuously chartered city in the United States. During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade and transportation. The city lies toward the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal connecting to the Great Lakes, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. In the 1920s,\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626422\",\n \"text\": \"the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally at peace as the war\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004918\",\n \"text\": \"became home to the Albany Committee of Correspondence (the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, there was a great increase in real estate transactions in Albany County. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"62705\",\n \"text\": \"the thesis does not support this idea as it is advocating for a union against these \\\"ignorant savages\\\" and called the idea \\\"absurd\\\". Bruce Johansen contends Jennings, Tooker etc. have \\\"humorlessly missed the ironic nature of Franklin's statement\\\" and persist in \\\"ignoring the relevant sources\\\". Anthropologist Dean Snow stated that though Franklin's Albany Plan may have drawn some inspiration from the Iroquois League, there is little evidence that either the Plan or the Constitution drew substantially from this source and argues that \\\"...such claims muddle and denigrate the subtle and remarkable features of Iroquois government. The two forms of government\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626420\",\n \"text\": \"Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \\\"Dongan Charter\\\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \\\"Dongan\\\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004907\",\n \"text\": \"the issuance of the \\\"Dongan Charter\\\", the oldest effective city charter in the nation and possibly the longest-running instrument of municipal government in the Western Hemisphere. During the late 18th century and throughout of the 19th century, Albany was a center of transportation. It is located on the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. Albany's main exports at the time were beer, lumber, published works, and ironworks. Beginning in 1810, Albany was one of the ten most\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1038743\",\n \"text\": \"near the Flint River. They used it for making arrowheads and other tools. In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, and the United States made treaties to extinguish Creek and other Native American land claims in the Southeast. The US Army forcibly removed most of the native peoples to Indian Territory, lands west of the Mississippi River. European-American settlement began with Nelson Tiftof Groton, Connecticut, who took land along the Flint River in October 1836 after Indian removal. Tift and his colleagues named the new town Albany after the capital of New York; noting that New York's Albany was\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, Georgia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626441\",\n \"text\": \"and he served as Mayor from 1994 until his retirement at the end of 2013. His tenure essentially ended the political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \\\"Albany Plan\\\", \\\"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to affect the area since the Rockefeller era.\\\" Under the Albany Plan, renovation and new building projects were initiated around the downtown area. Many state workers were relocated from the Harriman State Office Campus to downtown, helping its retail businesses and vitality. Fortune 500 companies with\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11027231\",\n \"text\": \"the Plan. They sent copies of letters to each of the Colonial Assemblies and to the British Board of Trade in London, which had originally suggested the Congress. The colonial assemblies and the British representatives rejected the Albany Plan. Benjamin Franklin wrote of the rejections: \\\"The colonial assemblies and most of the people were narrowly provincial in outlook, mutually jealous, and suspicious of any central taxing authority.\\\" Many in the British government, already wary of some of the strong-willed colonial assemblies, disliked the idea of consolidating additional power into their hands. They preferred that the colonies concentrate on their part\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254895\",\n \"text\": \"led to a lack of interest in city politics. The 1990s brought about the surprise election of Gerald Jennings, who has been mayor since 1994. His tenure has essentially ended the political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \\\"Albany Plan\\\", \\\"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to effect the area since the Rockefeller era.\\\" The Albany Plan saw the initiation of renovation and new building projects around the downtown area, and the move of many state workers from the Harriman State\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1983–present)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626413\",\n \"text\": \"a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population of Albany was 97,856. The area that later became Albany was settled by Dutch colonists who in 1614, built Fort Nassau for fur trading and, in 1624, built Fort Orange. In 1664, the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was officially chartered in 1686 under English rule. It\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5325342\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan, an early proposal to create a unified colonial government. It was rejected by colonial assemblies and the British Board of Trade alike. In 1762 Peters retired from the proprietary offices to his \\\"Belmont\\\" estate, as he made a sufficient fortune. He was called as rector of Christ Church, and served until his health forced him to resign in September 1775. Throughout these years, he was active in many religious, civic, and educational affairs. He worked with Benjamin Franklin to establish a public academy, which developed as the Philadelphia College and then the University of Pennsylvania, and\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Peters (priest)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9761\",\n \"text\": \"Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. This became the Constitutional Convention. It was quickly realized that changes would not work, and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced. On March 4, 1789, the government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution. The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive (the President), courts, and taxing powers. The political push to increase cooperation among the then-loyal colonies began with the Albany Congress in 1754 and Benjamin Franklin's proposed Albany Plan, an inter-colonial collaboration to help solve mutual local problems. The\",\n \"title\": \"Articles of Confederation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11655982\",\n \"text\": \"Plan of Union of 1801 The Plan of Union of 1801 was an agreement between the Congregational churches of New England and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America for mutual support and joint effort in evangelizing the American frontier. It lasted until 1852. Prior to 1801, Congregationalists and Presbyterians had enjoyed friendly relationships. Both denominations shared a common Calvinistic theology, while differing in church polity (with Congregationalists and Presbyterians having adopted the Savoy Declaration and Westminster Standards respectively). There were also many instances stretching back to colonial times where Puritan congregations embraced presbyterian polity. The Plan of\",\n \"title\": \"Plan of Union of 1801\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4933969\",\n \"text\": \"army that would be able to put down such insurrections. These and other issues greatly worried many of the Founders that the Union as it existed up to that point was in danger of breaking apart, and being subject to the persuasion of foreign powers. In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing\",\n \"title\": \"Constitutional Convention (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743973\",\n \"text\": \"Albany Congress The Albany Congress (also known as \\\"The Conference of Albany\\\") was a meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of seven of the thirteen British colonies in British America: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Northernmost Newfoundland and Nova Scotia were not in attendance. Representatives met daily at the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" in Albany, New York, from June 18 to July 11, 1754, to discuss better relations with the American Indian tribes and common defensive measures against the French threat from Canada in the opening stage of the French and Indian War, the North\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254603\",\n \"text\": \"a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \\\"Dongan Charter\\\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier. \\\"Dongan\\\" created Albany as a strip of land wide and long. Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people. In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\", Albany's city hall, for the Albany Congress; Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2171489\",\n \"text\": \"that forced a retreat from the New York City area, leaving the strategic port and harbor to the British army and navy as their North American base of operations for the rest of the war. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war in favor of the Americans, convincing France to formally ally with them. New York's constitution was adopted in 1777, and strongly influenced the United States Constitution. New York City was the national capital at various times between 1785 and 1790, where the Bill of Rights was drafted. Albany became the permanent state capital in\",\n \"title\": \"History of New York (state)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743974\",\n \"text\": \"American front of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. Delegates did not have the goal of creating an American nation; rather, they were colonists with the more limited mission of pursuing a treaty with the Mohawks and other major Iroquois tribes. This was the first time that American colonists had met together, and it provided a model that came into use in setting up the Stamp Act Congress in 1765, as well as the First Continental Congress in 1774, which were preludes to the American Revolution. The Albany Congress was the first time in the 18th century\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Congress\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626419\",\n \"text\": \"a younger son of the King of Scots. The name is ultimately derived from \\\"Alba\\\", the Gaelic name for Scotland. The Dutch briefly regained Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city \\\"Willemstadt\\\"; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; Albany became the county seat.\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13092242\",\n \"text\": \"Associated with this extension Northern Boulevard was also widened and both Lancaster and State streets were turned into one-ways. Entrances to Washington Park from Thurlow Terrace and Englewood Place were closed in 1972 turning those into dead end streets from Western Avenue. In 1988 Washington Park Road was renamed \\\"Albany Plan of Union Avenue\\\" in honor of the colonial congress held in Albany by Benjamin Franklin that proposed closer ties and support among the Thirteen Colonies. In 1991 Northern Boulevard from its intersection with Madison Avenue and Willett Street north through the park and continuing to Livingston Avenue in Arbor\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Park Historic District (Albany, New York)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6816117\",\n \"text\": \"8, 1861, before the secession convention. With military companies forming all over Louisiana, the convention itself was anti-climactic, voting Louisiana out of the Union 113 to 17. The outbreak of hostilities in the area of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, led to the story of New Orleans in the Civil War. The Union's strategy was devised by Winfield Scott, whose \\\"Anaconda Plan\\\" called for the division of the Confederacy by seizing control of the Mississippi River. One of the first steps in such operations was the imposition of the Union blockade. After the blockade was established, a Confederate naval counterattack attempted\",\n \"title\": \"Capture of New Orleans\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"427815\",\n \"text\": \"doubt. On February 21, 1787, the Confederation Congress called a convention of state delegates at Philadelphia to propose a plan of government. Unlike earlier attempts, the convention was not meant for new laws or piecemeal alterations, but for the \\\"sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation\\\". The convention was not limited to commerce; rather, it was intended to \\\"render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of government and the preservation of the Union.\\\" The proposal might take effect when approved by Congress and the states. On the appointed day, May 14, 1787, only the Virginia and\",\n \"title\": \"United States Constitution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4089889\",\n \"text\": \"liberal and individualist principles, although forms of ethnic nationalism were sometimes promoted until the civil rights movement. The United States traces its origins to the Thirteen Colonies founded by Britain in the 17th and early 18th century. Residents identified with Britain until the mid-18th century when the first sense of being \\\"American\\\" emerged. The Albany Plan proposed a union between the colonies in 1754. Although unsuccessful, it served as a reference for future discussions of independence. Soon afterward, the colonies faced several common grievances over acts passed by the British Parliament, including taxation without representation. Americans were in general agreement\",\n \"title\": \"American nationalism\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1722360\",\n \"text\": \"boost to Patriots at a time when morale was flagging, and have become iconic images of the war. In early 1777, a grand British strategic plan, the Saratoga Campaign, was drafted in London. The plan called for two British armies to converge on Albany, New York from the north and south, dividing the colonies in two and separating New England from the rest. Failed communications and poor planning resulted in the army descending from Canada, commanded by General John Burgoyne, bogging down in dense forest north of Albany. Meanwhile, the British Army that was supposed to advance up the Hudson\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States (1776–1789)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19788304\",\n \"text\": \"his expedition left Sydney on 9 November 1826 aboard HM brig \\\"Amity\\\", with a detachment of twenty troops from the 39th Regiment, twenty-three convicts to assist in establishing the settlement, and six months provisions. Arriving at King George's Sound on 25 December 1826, Lockyer landed ashore early the next day and commenced a survey of the area. On 30 December the troops and prisoners were disembarked, setting up camp and landing stores. On 21 January 1827, as instructed by the Colonial Secretary, the Union Jack was raised and a feu de joie fired by the troops, formally annexing the territory,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, Western Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11502905\",\n \"text\": \"History of the African Union The African Union is a geo-political entity covering the entirety of the African continent. Its origin dates back to the First Congress of Independence African States, held in Accra, Ghana, from 15 to 22 April 1958. The conference aimed at forming the Africa Day to mark the liberation movement, each year, regarding the willingness of the African people to free themselves from foreign dictatorship, as well as subsequent attempts to unite Africa, including the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was established on 25 May 1963, and the African Economic Community in 1981. Critics argued\",\n \"title\": \"History of the African Union\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12527160\",\n \"text\": \"New South Wales. The original building was completed in 1869, after requests from the Government Resident to the administration in Perth, Western Australia. Large scale site works included excavations, by convict labour, and a large granite retaining wall up to 5 feet thick. The design by James Manning, the Clerk of Works, now forms the eastern section of the building. The functions of the region's first government building included postal, judicial, customs, and a meeting place for the Road Board and local government. The second phase of construction, completed in 1895, was to a design of the Government architect George\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Post Office\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626417\",\n \"text\": \"extent and duration of those visits has not been determined. Permanent European claims began when Englishman Henry Hudson, exploring for the Dutch East India Company on the \\\"Half Moon\\\" (), reached the area in 1609, claiming it for the United Netherlands. In 1614, Hendrick Christiaensen built Fort Nassau, a fur-trading post and the first documented European structure in present-day Albany. Commencement of the fur trade provoked hostility from the French colony in Canada and among the natives, all of whom vied to control the trade. In 1618, a flood ruined the fort on Castle Island, but it was rebuilt in\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004917\",\n \"text\": \"colonies. Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the United States Constitution. The same year, the French and Indian War began; it was the North American front of the Seven Years' War in Europe and the fourth in a series of North American wars between the colonial powers dating back to 1689, began. It ended in 1763 with French defeat by the British, resolving a situation that had been a constant threat to Albany and held back its growth. In 1775, with the colonies in the midst of the Revolutionary War, the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1182869\",\n \"text\": \"policies were influenced by the liberal ideals of Oberlin College, which he had attended as a student. In 1850, a joint-stock company took over administration of Lewis Academy, and the name was changed to the Albany Manual Labor Academy. The school continued to admit students of all genders and races. Slaveholders were not permitted to become shareholders. Students with financial need could borrow money from the institution and repay their tuition by working two hours a day in the manual labor department: farming land owned by the school, operating the school's saw-mill, or making bricks. The academy's constitution stated that\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9430815\",\n \"text\": \"those promised, with the exception of part of one of the recommendations of the 9/11 commission. The origin for the name of the plan is a play-on-words from former Democratic President Franklin Roosevelt who promised quick action on the part of government (to combat the Great Depression) during his \\\"first hundred days\\\" in office. One hundred hours was also the amount of legislative time available to Congress prior to the President's 2007 State of the Union address on Tuesday, January 23. The plan was promised by Democrats in the days leading up to the 2006 midterm elections in the United\",\n \"title\": \"100-Hour Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004938\",\n \"text\": \"loss of Corning (and eventually the political machine) led to a lack of interest in city politics. Gerald Jennings surprised many by his victory in the mayoral election in 1994, and his tenure since then. His tenure has essentially ended the Democratic Party political machine that had been in place since the 1920s. During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million \\\"Albany Plan\\\", \\\"a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to effect the area since the Rockefeller era.\\\" Under the Albany Plan a number of renovation and new building projects were undertaken in\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254607\",\n \"text\": \"state capital in the United States. In the period leading up to the Second Anglo-Dutch War, King Charles II of England granted the land from Maine to Delaware, which included all of New Netherland, to his brother James, Duke of York. In April 1664 four ships with a combined 450-men fighting force set sail for New Amsterdam. Fort Orange was surrendered to the English 16 days after New Amsterdam (the city of New York). Surrender terms at New Amsterdam were quite generous. Fort Orange was renamed Fort Albany, and the village of Beverswyck was renamed Albany, in honor of the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13004915\",\n \"text\": \"Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city Willemstadt; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; the city of Albany became the county seat. Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The \\\"Dongan Charter\\\" was virtually\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9317436\",\n \"text\": \"made president on the recommendation of Slater King, and Slater King was made vice president. The incorporation documents were largely the work of C. B. King. It quickly became a broad-front nonviolent attack on every aspect of segregation within the city. Bus stations, libraries, and lunch counters reserved for White Americans were occupied by African Americans, boycotts were launched, and hundreds of protesters marched on City Hall. The Albany police chief, Laurie Pritchett, carefully studied the movement's strategy and developed a strategy he hoped could subvert it. He used mass arrests but avoided the kind of violent incidents that might\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Movement\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626412\",\n \"text\": \"Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately north of New York City. Albany is known for its rich history, commerce, culture, architecture, and institutions of higher education. Albany constitutes the economic and cultural core of the Capital District of New York State, which comprises the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, including the nearby cities and suburbs of Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs. With\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9758\",\n \"text\": \"Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777), by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The central government\",\n \"title\": \"Articles of Confederation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254602\",\n \"text\": \"The name is ultimately derived from \\\"Alba\\\", the Gaelic name for Scotland. The Dutch briefly regained Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city Willemstadt; the English took permanent possession with the Treaty of Westminster (1674). On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest. At that time the county included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean; the city of Albany became the county seat. Albany was formally chartered as\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15019479\",\n \"text\": \"railroad bridge. A row of trees border the rail line. At the time of its founding in 1686, and throughout most of the 18th century, Albany was a small area coterminous with its present-day downtown, encircled by a stockade. Its charter extended its corporate limits a mile (1.6 km) north along the Hudson River from the stockade, to the vicinity of what is today Clinton Avenue. The land to the north was owned by the van Rensselaer family, the area's colonial \\\"patroons\\\" since it was settled by the Dutch. In 1764, Stephen van Rensselaer II, then the \\\"patroon\\\", had the\",\n \"title\": \"Broadway–Livingston Avenue Historic District\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254610\",\n \"text\": \"three months earlier. Pieter Schuyler was appointed first mayor of Albany the day the charter was signed. As part of the Dongan Charter the city's boundaries were fixed with Patroon Street (today Clinton Avenue) as the northern limit and the \\\"northern tip of Martin Gerritsen's Island\\\" as the southern limit, both lines extending to the northwest. Albany was given the right to purchase in \\\"Schaahtecogue\\\" (today Schaghticoke), and at \\\"Tionnondoroge\\\" (today Fort Hunter). In 1689 Albany became a center of resistance to Jacob Leisler who, during confusion over the Glorious Revolution, led Leisler's Rebellion and took \\\"de facto\\\" control over\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4749800\",\n \"text\": \"admitted it to the Union in 1791, the Constitution was in effect and the legislature of New York had consented. All later secession proposals would require similar consent. Tensions between what eventually became upstate and downstate New York had existed since Leisler's Rebellion in 1689. That rebellion was more heavily supported in the lower Hudson Valley, near modern New York City, than it was in the Albany area, which remained loyal to the English crown (at the time, the Glorious Revolution was underway in England). Although the rebellion was settled in 1691 when Leisler was executed, tensions between the upper\",\n \"title\": \"Partition and secession in New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10041799\",\n \"text\": \"met in Federal Hall, 25 had served in the legislature and every sitting member of that body was considered an honorary member of the Society. Robert R. Livingston, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was chosen as the Society's first president. Other early members of note included John Jay, first Chief Justice of the United States and a future governor of the state, and George Clinton, another later governor who would eventually become Vice President. When Albany was permanently designated as the state capital in 1796, the Society moved with it. It met in the former City Hall at\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Institute of History & Art\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"626509\",\n \"text\": \"50,000 tulip bulbs in 1948; this act led to the establishment of the annual Tulip Festival. Most of the other connections were made in the 1980s during Mayor Whalen's term in office as part of his cultural expansion program. The official sister cities are: The additional twin-city relationships are with: Albany, New York Albany ( ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately north of New York City. Albany\",\n \"title\": \"Albany, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254622\",\n \"text\": \"target of several French plans to cut the British colonies in half. Albany was also the point in which British and colonial troops were assembled, and where several invasions of French Canada, and specifically Montreal, were planned. By 1756, 10,000 soldiers were drilling in Albany in preparation of attacks on Canada or for defense of the route to Albany. Sybrant Van Schaick was appointed mayor in 1756 and a smallpox epidemic occurred. Refugees and soldiers continued to pour into the city as fighting along the routes to and from Canada escalated. Due to the large population of British soldiers, British\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254601\",\n \"text\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784) The history of Albany, New York from 1664 to 1784 begins with the English takeover of New Netherland and ends with the ratification of the \\\"Treaty of Paris\\\" by the Congress of the Confederation in 1784, ending the Revolutionary War. When New Netherland was captured by the English in 1664, the name Beverwijck was changed to Albany, in honor of the Duke of Albany (later James II of England and James VII of Scotland). Duke of Albany was a Scottish title given since 1398, generally to a younger son of the King of Scots.\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2963815\",\n \"text\": \"Confederate government was already strained financially as early as 1862. As its economy steadily degenerated, it suffered from a general loss of confidence on the part of its citizens. Abbreviations used in these notes: Anaconda Plan The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to a U.S. Union Army outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. Proposed by Union general-in-chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be rather passive,\",\n \"title\": \"Anaconda Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13274410\",\n \"text\": \"city was within a stockade. Most commercial buildings at the time, primarily warehouses, were located on what is now Broadway. The 1815 Coulson Building at 420 Broadway, the oldest building in the district, is typical of that kind of construction. The inland blocks were residential. Albany was a point of contention during both the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, and the New York State Legislature met there in 1780 after British occupation ended. In 1797 it was designated the state capital. More residences were built, primarily to be rented to lawyers and legislators working in the capitol and the\",\n \"title\": \"Downtown Albany Historic District\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473791\",\n \"text\": \"by 1833. Due to this slow progress, the settlers of Albany petitioned England to supply convicts to work on the road. At the time the government in Perth derided the proposal, and Western Australia would not become a penal colony until 1849. In October and November 1835, Governor Stirling and Surveyor-General John Septimus Roe travelled overland from Perth to Albany, with the focus of the journey being the route south of the Hotham River. A more comprehensive survey was undertaken in July–September 1836 by Assistant Surveyors Alfred Hillman and D. Smith. Hillman started from the Albany end, while Smith concurrently\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2733960\",\n \"text\": \"slavery, financing government, consumption of alcohol and Congressional pay. Criticism over the life of the Constitution has centered on expanding democracy and states rights. On June 4, 1776, a resolution was introduced in the Second Continental Congress declaring the union with Great Britain to be dissolved, proposing the formation of foreign alliances, and suggesting the drafting of a plan of confederation to be submitted to the respective states. Independence was declared on July 4, 1776; the preparation of a plan of confederation was postponed. Although the Declaration was a statement of principles, it did not create a government or even\",\n \"title\": \"History of the United States Constitution\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2121446\",\n \"text\": \"The Virginia Plan and the debate surrounding it are prominently featured in the 1989 film \\\"A More Perfect Union\\\", which depicts the events of the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Presented largely from the viewpoint and words of James Madison, the movie was mainly filmed in Independence Hall. Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was\",\n \"title\": \"Virginia Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2963778\",\n \"text\": \"Anaconda Plan The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to a U.S. Union Army outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War. Proposed by Union general-in-chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be rather passive, it was widely derided by a vociferous faction of Union generals who wanted a more vigorous prosecution of the war, and who likened it to the coils of an anaconda suffocating its victim. The\",\n \"title\": \"Anaconda Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1739460\",\n \"text\": \"River to bolster the area's defenses. This expedition erected Fort Halifax in what is now Winslow, Maine. News of hostilities in the Ohio Country brought further urgency to that matter, as well as attendance at a planned conference of colonies at Albany, New York. Because of the urgency, and the support of politically powerful Maine landowners, Shirley's relationship with the provincial assembly was relatively good. Shirley instructed the provincial representatives to the Albany Conference to seek a colonial union, but the provincial assembly (along with those of other provinces) rejected the conference's proposals. Shirley was approached by Nova Scotia Governor\",\n \"title\": \"William Shirley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9783\",\n \"text\": \"of Texas and California that had already been surveyed and divided up by the Spanish Empire). Then, when the Homestead Act was enacted in 1867, the quarter section became the basic unit of land that was granted to new settler-farmers. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 noted the agreement of the original states to give up northwestern land claims, organized the Northwest Territory and laid the groundwork for the eventual creation of new states. While it didn't happen under the articles, the land north of the Ohio River and west of the (present) western border of Pennsylvania ceded by Massachusetts, Connecticut,\",\n \"title\": \"Articles of Confederation\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473789\",\n \"text\": \"into the centre of Albany. Prior to European settlement, the indigenous Noongar people had a considerable network of tracks around their territory in the south-west of Western Australia. One such track, used as a trade route, linked the Swan River (in modern-day Perth) with the area now known as Albany. The track followed a similar alignment to modern-day Albany Highway. On 25 December 1826, the New South Wales colonial government brig \\\"Amity\\\", under the command of Major Edmund Lockyer, arrived at King George Sound to establish a military garrison. On 21 January 1827, as instructed by the Colonial Secretary, the\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2963811\",\n \"text\": \"order did not exist at the time that they took place. For the historians who contend that a rational plan did exist, the debate, like the plan itself, has two parts. The importance of the campaign to capture the Mississippi River, and thereby lop off the Trans-Mississippi, is acknowledged. Virtually all present-day historians agree that the Union's Western campaign was at least as significant as that in the East. To the extent that fighting in the West before mid-1863 can be regarded as preparing for or culminating in the capture of Vicksburg, the Anaconda has been validated. The worth of\",\n \"title\": \"Anaconda Plan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18760340\",\n \"text\": \"Union of Arms The Union of Arms (in Spanish \\\"Unión de Armas\\\") was a political proposal, put forward by Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares for greater military co-operation between the constituent parts of the composite monarchy ruled by Philip IV of Spain. The plan was for each of the kingdoms ruled by Philip to contribute equitably to a fund from which 140,000 troops would be maintained for the defense of the monarchy. The plan was \\\"a thinly disguised attempt to integrate the fiscal institutions of the empire [that] prompted much opposition in the Indies.\\\" The division of contributions envisaged\",\n \"title\": \"Union of Arms\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254605\",\n \"text\": \"(the political arm of the local revolutionary movement), which took over operation of Albany's government and eventually expanded its power to control all of Albany County. Tories and prisoners of war were often jailed in the \\\"Stadt Huys\\\" alongside common criminals. In 1776, Albany native Philip Livingston signed the Declaration of Independence at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After Horatio Gates' win over John Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777, the upper Hudson Valley was generally at peace as the war raged on elsewhere. Prosperity was\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4212597\",\n \"text\": \"a proposal was accepted by the premiers of the Australian colonies to establish a new Convention by popular vote, with the resulting draft of the constitution being submitted to the electors of each colony in a referendum. The Convention held meetings over the course of a year, beginning first in Adelaide in 1897, later meeting in Sydney, and culminating in Melbourne in March 1898. After the Adelaide meeting, the colonial Parliaments took the opportunity to debate the emerging Bill and to suggest changes. The basic principles discussed in 1891 were adopted, with the addition of the principle of responsible government.\",\n \"title\": \"Federation of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4473790\",\n \"text\": \"Union Jack was raised and a feu de joie fired by the troops, formally annexing the territory, in assertion of the first official claim by the Imperial Government to British possession over the whole continent of Australia. On 7 March 1831 the King George Sound and colony was made part of the Swan River Colony and a free settlement. Albany was officially named by Governor Stirling at the beginning of 1832, at the time that political authority passed to the Swan River colony. The construction of a road from Albany to Perth began soon thereafter, but only had been completed\",\n \"title\": \"Albany Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15781886\",\n \"text\": \"on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole assembly being renewed annually. In 1797, Albany was declared the State capital, and all subsequent Legislatures have been meeting there ever since. In 1799, the Legislature enacted that future Legislatures meet on the last Tuesday of January of each year unless called earlier by the governor. At this time the politicians were divided into two opposing political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The State election was held from April 27 to 29, 1802. Senators John Schenck (Southern D.) and Solomon Sutherland (Middle D.) were re-elected. Joseph Annin, Matthias B. Tallmadge,\",\n \"title\": \"26th New York State Legislature\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254619\",\n \"text\": \"came between France and Britain (and therefore between Canada and New York) through the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and Jacob Ten Eyck was appointed mayor. In 1750 Robert Sanders took the oath of office as mayor of Albany. In 1751 an auction was held to sell the rights to operate two ferries, one from Greenbush (today Rensselaer) to Albany, and another from Albany to Greenbush. Also in 1751, a conference was held in Albany consisting of representatives from the Iroquois Nation, New York Governor George Clinton, the Indian commissioners from South Carolina, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Catawba tribe.\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6113600\",\n \"text\": \"Times Union (Albany) The Times Union is an American daily newspaper, serving the Capital Region of New York. Although the newspaper focuses on Albany and its suburbs, it covers all parts of the four-county area, including the cities of Troy, Schenectady and Saratoga Springs. It is owned by Hearst Communications. The paper was founded in 1857 as the \\\"Morning Times\\\", becoming \\\"Times-Union\\\" by 1891, and was purchased by William Randolph Hearst in 1924. The newspaper has been online since 1996. The editor of the \\\"Times Union\\\" is Rex Smith, who has held the post since July 2002. He had been\",\n \"title\": \"Times Union (Albany)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15254609\",\n \"text\": \"political appointees from that period were retained. In 1676, Governor Edmund Andros of the Dominion of New England (of which the Province of New York was a part) had Fort Frederick built at the top of Yonkers Street, today the corner of State and Lodge streets, to replace Fort Albany, which was located by the Hudson River. Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. At this time Albany had a population of only 500. The \\\"Dongan Charter\\\" was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York\",\n \"title\": \"History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when did the albany plan of union take place"}}},{"rowIdx":290,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1973"],"string":"[\n \"1973\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"7505339","text":"Robert R. Garwood Robert Russell Garwood (born April 1, 1946) is a controversial former Vietnam War prisoner of war (POW). Garwood was a United States Marine Corps Private First Class when he was captured on September 28, 1965 near Da Nang, Quang Nam Province. Often cited as the last verified American POW from the Vietnam War, Garwood was taken to North Vietnam in 1969, and reportedly was released in 1973 along with the other American POWs. The North Vietnam government may have kept him as a POW until June 4, 1975 for propaganda reasons until the war ended. After June","title":"Robert R. Garwood"},{"id":"19238079","text":"name and capture date of imprisoned U.S. service members. American POWs in North Vietnam were released in early 1973 as part of Operation Homecoming, the result of diplomatic negotiations concluding U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. On February 12, 1973, the first of 591 U.S. prisoners began to be repatriated, and return flights continued until late March. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed roughly 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action but whose bodies were not recovered.<ref name=\"Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office\"> \"Vietnam War","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12721401","text":"issue to come. Following the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973, U.S. prisoners of war were returned during Operation Homecoming during February through April 1973. During this, 591 POWs were released to U.S. authorities; this included a few captured in Laos and released in North Vietnam. U.S. President Richard Nixon announced that all U.S. servicemen taken prisoner had been accounted for. At that time, the U.S. listed 2,646 Americans as unaccounted for, including about 1,350 prisoners of war or missing in action and roughly 1,200 reported killed in action and body not recovered. The low numbers of returnees from Laos","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"7505353","text":"interviews with Garwood's court-martial attorney, Vaughan Taylor, and fellow former POW David Harker. The interviews with Garwood were the first in more than a decade and they represented his most complete account to date of the events surrounding his capture and eventual return to the United States. Robert R. Garwood Robert Russell Garwood (born April 1, 1946) is a controversial former Vietnam War prisoner of war (POW). Garwood was a United States Marine Corps Private First Class when he was captured on September 28, 1965 near Da Nang, Quang Nam Province. Often cited as the last verified American POW from","title":"Robert R. Garwood"},{"id":"12721403","text":"and pursuant to the Paris Accords, the North Vietnamese returned some remains too. These efforts halted following the collapse of the Accords and the fall of South Vietnam in 1975, and over the next ten years, little progress was made in recovering remains. During the late 1970s and 1980s, the friends and relatives of unaccounted-for American personnel became politically active, requesting the United States government reveal what steps were taken to follow up on intelligence regarding last-known-alive MIAs and POWs. When initial inquiries revealed important information had not been pursued, many families and their supporters asked for the public release","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"16741578","text":"Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \"Alcatraz\" by Commander Stockdale) in a","title":"Alcatraz Gang"},{"id":"12721447","text":"U.S. believed might have survived their initial loss incident. Outcomes of these investigations helps resolve the live prisoners question. The U.S. has identified 296 individuals as Last Known Alive cases in all of Southeast Asia, and following full investigations, the Defense Department confirmed the wartime death of 245 of these individuals by March 2012. As of June 20, 2018 according to the U.S. Department of Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office, US Military and Civilian personnel still unaccounted for number 1,597 Vietnam War POW/MIA issue The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"19238080","text":"Accounting History\". Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office.</ref> These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. On March 26, 1964, the first U.S. service member imprisoned during the Vietnam War was captured near Quang Tri, South Vietnam when an L-19/O-1 Bird Dog observation plane flown by Captain Richard L. Whitesides and Captain Floyd James Thompson was brought down by small arms fire. Whitesides was killed, and Thompson was taken prisoner; he would ultimately spend just short of nine years in captivity, making him the longest held POW in American history. The first aviator captured in","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12721404","text":"of POW/MIA records and called for an investigation. In 1979, the re-emergence of U.S. Private First Class Bobby Garwood constituted the only POW to surface following the end of the war and release of prisoners. Garwood is considered by the Department of Defense to have acted as a collaborator with the enemy after he was taken prisoner, while it is claimed by proponents of the \"live prisoners\" belief, and by Garwood himself, that he was an American POW abandoned by the military. The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia was created by Sybil Stockdale,","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"18029991","text":"Last Days in Vietnam Last Days in Vietnam is a 2014 American documentary film written, produced and directed by Rory Kennedy. The film had its world premiere at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival, \"American Experience Films\" acquired the distribution rights of the film, in association with PBS Distribution for DVD releases. The film had a theatrical release in New York City on September 5, 2014 before expanding nationwide in the United States during September and early October. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at","title":"Last Days in Vietnam"},{"id":"12721446","text":"of impersonating American POWs. The case of Baron 52, the call sign of a U.S. Air Force EC-47 carrying eight crew members that was shot down over Laos in 1973, was reopened for examination by the Air Force and the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency in 2016, after decades of pressure from family members who believe that four of the crewmen might have escaped the crash. Efforts continued to recover Americans who remained unaccounted for, who numbered 1,621 as of March 23, 2016. Working jointly, American and Vietnamese experts focus on \"Last Known Alive\" cases, which involve missing Americans whom the","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"12721395","text":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported as missing in action (MIA) during the Vietnam War and associated theaters of operation in Southeast Asia. The term also refers to issues related to the treatment of affected family members by the governments involved in these conflicts. Following the Paris Peace Accords of 1973, 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) were returned during Operation Homecoming. The U.S. listed about 2,500 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action but only 1,200 Americans were reported to have been killed in","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"12721438","text":"up all evidence of this betrayal, and that the governments of Communist Vietnam and Laos continued to hold an unspecified number of living American POWs, despite their adamant denials of this charge.\" Believers continued to strongly reject such notions; as one wrote in 1994, \"It is not conspiracy theory, not paranoid myth, not Rambo fantasy. It is only hard evidence of a national disgrace: American prisoners were left behind at the end of the Vietnam War. They were abandoned because six presidents and official Washington could not admit their guilty secret. They were forgotten because the press and most Americans","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"16741581","text":"session, something changed and the session stopped, which the POWs thought was because of a political decision from higher authorities to stop the sessions. All of the prisoners except Storz were moved to other prisons in December 1969. Storz, debilitated from sickness and untreated injuries, was left behind and died in captivity on 23 April 1970. When all the POWS were released from North Vietnam in February and March 1973 (Operation Homecoming), so much had changed back in the United States that Coker (and Commander Denton) said it was as if \"...we weren't here (in America) at all. We were","title":"Alcatraz Gang"},{"id":"9810147","text":"Operation Homecoming Operation Homecoming was the return of 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam following the Paris Peace Accords that ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. On January 27, 1973, Henry Kissinger (then assistant to the President for national security affairs) agreed to a ceasefire with representatives of North Vietnam that provided for the withdrawal of American military forces from South Vietnam. The agreement also postulated for the release of nearly 600 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam and its allies within 60 days of the withdrawal of U.S. troops. The deal","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"9810151","text":"26 United States Marines, and 25 civilian employees of American government agencies. A majority of the prisoners were held at camps in North Vietnam, however some POWs were held in at various locations throughout Southeast Asia. A total of 69 POWs were held in South Vietnam by the Viet Cong and would eventually leave the country aboard flights from Loc Ninh, while nine POWs were released from Laos, as well as an additional three from China. The prisoners returned included future politicians Senator John McCain of Arizona and Representative Sam Johnson of Texas. According to John L. Borling, a former","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"9810150","text":"the basis of longest length of time in prison. The first group had spent six to eight years as prisoners of war. The last POWs were turned over to allied hands on March 29, 1973 raising the total number of Americans returned to 591. Of the POWs repatriated to the United States a total of 325 of them served in the United States Air Force, a majority of which were bomber pilots shot down over North Vietnam or Viet Cong controlled land. The remaining 266 consisted of 138 United States Naval personnel, 77 soldiers serving in the United States Army,","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"9810165","text":"May 6, 2006, just a year after it was used to evacuate the areas devastated by Hurricane Katrina. Operation Homecoming has been largely forgotten by the American public, yet ceremonies commemorating the 40th anniversary were held at United States military bases and other locations throughout Asia and the United States. Operation Homecoming Operation Homecoming was the return of 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam following the Paris Peace Accords that ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. On January 27, 1973, Henry Kissinger (then assistant to the President for national security affairs) agreed to a ceasefire","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"19238100","text":"Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973\" (published 1999). U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War Members of the United States armed forces were held as prisoners of war (POWs) in significant numbers during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973. Unlike U.S. service members captured in World War II and the Korean War, who were mostly enlisted troops, the overwhelming majority of Vietnam-era POWs were officers, most of them Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps airmen; a relatively small number of Army enlisted personnel were also captured, as well as one enlisted Navy seaman who fell","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12721398","text":"has been made to cover up their existence. Popular culture has reflected the \"live prisoners\" theory, most notably in the 1985 film \"\". Several congressional investigations have looked into the issue, culminating with the largest and most thorough, the United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs of 1991–1993 led by Senators John Kerry, Bob Smith, and John McCain. It found \"no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia.\" The issue has been a highly emotional one to those involved, and is often considered the last depressing, divisive aftereffect of the Vietnam War","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"19238077","text":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War Members of the United States armed forces were held as prisoners of war (POWs) in significant numbers during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973. Unlike U.S. service members captured in World War II and the Korean War, who were mostly enlisted troops, the overwhelming majority of Vietnam-era POWs were officers, most of them Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps airmen; a relatively small number of Army enlisted personnel were also captured, as well as one enlisted Navy seaman who fell overboard from a naval vessel. Most U.S. prisoners were captured and","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12721430","text":"Vietnamese to give them full access to their records, and that they had spent thousands of hours trying to find real, not fabricated, evidence of surviving Americans. Some of the most publicized testimony before the committee came in September 1992, when former Nixon Defense Secretaries Melvin Laird and James Schlesinger said that the U.S. government had believed in 1973 that some American servicemen had not been returned from Laos, despite Nixon's public statements to the contrary. Schlesinger said, \"As of now, I can come to no other conclusion. [But] that does not mean there are any alive today.\" Laird said","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"3295374","text":"POWs because their strong resistance led other POWs in resisting their captors. \"Alcatraz\" was a special facility in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, located about one mile away from Hoa Lo Prison. Each of the American POWs spent day and night in windowless cells mostly in legcuffs. On February 12, 1973, both Denton and Tschudy were released in Hanoi by the North Vietnamese along with numerous other American POWs during Operation Homecoming. Stepping off the jet back home in uniform, Denton said: \"We are honored to have had the opportunity to serve our country under","title":"Jeremiah Denton"},{"id":"9810156","text":"Unaware of the code agreed upon by the POWs, Kissinger ignored their shot down dates and circled twenty names at random. Overall, Operation Homecoming did little to satisfy the American public's need for closure on the war in Vietnam. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed about 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action and body not recovered. These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue for years to come. , the Department of Defense still claimed there were 516","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"9810148","text":"would come to be known as Operation Homecoming and was divided into three phases. The first phase required the initial reception of prisoners at three release sites: POWs held by the Viet Cong (VC) were to be flown by helicopter to Saigon, POWs held by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) were released in Hanoi, and the three POWs held in China were to be freed in Hong Kong. The former prisoners were to then be flown to Clark Air Base in the Philippines where they were to be processed at a reception center, debriefed, and receive a physical examination. The","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"1331990","text":"and World War II marine, were found in the Pacific area on Makin Island and returned to his hometown for a military funeral. The George E. Day Parkway is named for Medal of Honor winner Colonel George E. \"Bud\" Day, a F-100 Super Sabre pilot who is the only known American POW to escape into South Vietnam. He was later recaptured and sent to the Hanoi Hilton. Sikeston is home to the Missouri National Guard unit Company C 1140th Engineer Battalion, which took part in Operation Iraqi Freedom from February 2004 until February 2005. Company C has been restructured from","title":"Sikeston, Missouri"},{"id":"9810149","text":"final phase was the relocation of the POWs to military hospitals. On Feb. 12, 1973, three C-141 transports flew to Hanoi, North Vietnam, and one C-9A aircraft was sent to Saigon, South Vietnam to pick up released prisoners of war. The first flight of 40 U.S. prisoners of war left Hanoi in a C-141A, later known as the \"Hanoi Taxi\" and is now in a museum. From February 12 to April 4, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing the former POWs home. During the early part of Operation Homecoming, groups of POWs released were selected on","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"11273609","text":"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs The Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs was a special committee convened by the United States Senate during the George H. W. Bush administration (1989 to 1993) to investigate the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, that is, the fate of United States service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The committee was in existence from August 2, 1991 to January 2, 1993. Following the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973, U.S. prisoners of war were returned during Operation Homecoming during February through April 1973. During the late 1970s and","title":"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs"},{"id":"12721397","text":"relations with Vietnam in the mid-1990s was a culmination of this process. Considerable speculation and investigation has contributed to a hypothesis that a significant number of missing U.S. soldiers from the Vietnam Conflict were captured as prisoners of war by Communist forces and kept as live prisoners after U.S. involvement in the war concluded in 1973. A vocal group of POW/MIA activists maintains that there has been a concerted conspiracy by the Vietnamese and American governments since then to hide the existence of these prisoners. The U.S. government has steadfastly denied that prisoners were left behind or that any effort","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"12721402","text":"caused some immediate concern, as previous Pentagon estimates were as high as 41 for prisoners held there, although only a few had been known to be captured for certain. Investigation of the fate of all the missing service personnel would end up residing with the Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office. The Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command also played a major role in subsequent investigations. In 1973, the Defense Department established the Central Identification Laboratory–Thailand to coordinate POW/MIA recovery efforts in Southeast Asia. The U.S. conducted some limited operations in South Vietnam in 1974 to find the remains of those missing,","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"12721425","text":"POWs were indeed still being held captive; a July 1991 \"Wall Street Journal\" poll showed 70 percent of Americans believing this, and that three-fourths of them believed the U.S. government was not doing what needed to be done to gain their release. Interest in the matter intensified in June 1992 when President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin told NBC News in an interview that some Americans captured during the Vietnam War may have been transferred from Hanoi to the Soviet Union: \"Our archives have shown that it is true, some of them were transferred to the territory of the","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"6867454","text":"until December 9, 1969 and spent the next three years in captivity shuffled between a number of different prisons. On March 4, 1973, both Coker and Fellowes were released as part of Operation Homecoming. Vietnam-era POWs were released by order of capture, and Fellowes and Coker were in the second large release group, about No. 123 and #124. Of their 2,382 days in captivity (6.5 years), 2.5 years were in solitary confinement and 2.5 years in the \"Hanoi Hilton\". They also spent time in several other POW camps around Hanoi. Fellowes retired from the Navy in July 1986 and Coker","title":"George Thomas Coker"},{"id":"12500355","text":"civilian prisoners of war – most of them American men, women and children, as well as other Allied nationalities – from an Imperial Japanese Army internment camp located 40 miles south of Manila. \"Rescue at Los Baños\" has received positive reviews from the trade and the media. Kirkus Reviews called it \"riveting\" and The Costco Connection called the book \"history as exciting as any work of fiction.\" Henderson's national bestseller \"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War\" is the story of U.S. Navy pilot Dieter Dengler, who was shot down over Laos in January 1966 and escaped","title":"Bruce Henderson (author)"},{"id":"19238091","text":"responsible for their mistreatment. Also, a badly beaten and weakened POW who had been released that summer disclosed to the world press the conditions to which they were being subjected, and the National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia heightened awareness of the POWs' plight. Despite several escape attempts, no U.S. prisoner of war successfully escaped from a North Vietnamese prison. On November 21, 1970, U.S. Special Forces launched Operation Ivory Coast in an attempt to rescue 61 POWs believed to be held at the Sơn Tây prison camp west of Hanoi. Fifty-six commandos landed","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"894944","text":"the Disarm Education Fund. Zinn's diplomatic visit to Hanoi with Rev. Daniel Berrigan, during the Tet Offensive in January 1968, resulted in the return of three American airmen, the first American POWs released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun. The event was widely reported in the news media and discussed in a variety of books including \"Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam 1963–1975\" by Nancy Zaroulis and Gerald Sullivan. Zinn and the Berrigan brothers, Dan and Philip, remained friends and allies over the years. Also in January 1968, he","title":"Howard Zinn"},{"id":"11985621","text":"(POW) in American history. The grandson of immigrants from Mexico, Alvarez joined the United States Navy in 1960 and was selected for pilot training. On August 5, 1964, during Operation Pierce Arrow, Ensign Alvarez's A-4 Skyhawk was shot down over North Vietnam and became the first American POW of the Vietnam War. Alvarez endured eight years and seven months of brutal captivity in which he was repeatedly beaten and tortured. He was released from the prisoner of war camp in 1973 and retired as Commander in 1980. Captain Charles Kenneth Ruiz commanded the aircraft carrier in the Vietnam War. \"Bon","title":"Hispanics in the United States Navy"},{"id":"6658947","text":"the terms of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, the cease-fire was to become effective in Vietnam the morning of 28 January 1973, Saigon time. American prisoners in North Vietnam were to be released and the last 23,700 American troops withdrawn from Vietnam within sixty days. Planning for Operation Homecoming, the mission for the return of Americans held by North Vietnam, was given to the Military Airlift Command. C-141s of the 63d Military Airlift Wing, stationed at Norton AFB, California were given responsibility for bringing out the men. On 11 February, two C-130s of TAC's 374th Tactical Airlift Wing flew from","title":"Military Airlift Command"},{"id":"12721406","text":"the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\" The League's most prominent symbol is its POW/MIA flag. Newt Heisley designed this flag to represent America's missing men. This group was more established, less radical, and more connected to the government. The National Alliance of Families For the Return of America's Missing Servicemen was founded in 1990. Its goal was and is to resolve the fates of any unreturned U.S. prisoners of war or missing in action","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"11637239","text":"when Hanoi was subjected for the first time to repeated B-52 Stratofortress raids. Although its explosions lit the night sky and shook the walls of the camp, scaring some of the newer POWs, most saw it as a forceful measure to compel North Vietnam to finally come to terms. The Paris Peace Accords were signed on January 27, 1973, ending direct U.S. involvement in the war, but the Operation Homecoming arrangements for the 591 American POWs took longer. McCain was finally released from captivity on March 14, 1973, being taken by bus to Gia Lam Airport, transferred to U.S. custody,","title":"Early life and military career of John McCain"},{"id":"8047433","text":"shipping traveling to Korea, the Republic of the Philippines, and Japan as well as many exercises in Okinawa. A detachment from the squadron participated in the evacuation of Americans from Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on April 12, 1975, as part of Operation Eagle Pull. On April 30, 1975, an HMM-164 CH-46D crew lifted the last Americans out of Vietnam when they picked up the Marine combined security force during Operation Frequent Wind. With the advent of the Unit Deployment Program, on September 1, 1978, HMM-164 returned home to MCAS Santa Ana, California. In September 1978, the squadron rejoined Marine Aircraft Group","title":"VMM-164"},{"id":"9810153","text":"those held at the Hanoi Hilton stipulated that the POWs, unless seriously injured, would not accept an early release. The rule entailed that the prisoners would return home in the order that they were shot down and captured. The POWs held at the Hanoi Hilton were to deny early release because the communist government of North Vietnam could possibly use this tactic as propaganda or as a reward for military intelligence. The first round of POWs to be released in February 1973 mostly included injured soldiers in need of medical attention. Following the first release, twenty prisoners were then moved","title":"Operation Homecoming"},{"id":"11617232","text":"the human rights issue of Vietnam to the table during his visit to Vietnam in 2017 and before was the visit of Vietnamese Premier Nguyễn Xuân Phúc to the United States. As of December 14, 2007, the U.S. government listed 1,763 Americans unaccounted for in Southeast Asia, including 1,353 in Vietnam. Since 1973, as part of investigating the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, 883 Americans have been accounted for, including 627 in Vietnam. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense has confirmed that of the 196 individuals who were \"last known alive\" (LKA), the U.S. government has determined the fate of all","title":"United States–Vietnam relations"},{"id":"12721431","text":"in retrospect of Nixon's assurances that all POWs were coming home, \"I think it was unfortunate to be that positive. You can't be that positive when we had the kind of intelligence we had.\" In reaction to the testimony, Kerry said, \"I think it's quite extraordinary when two former secretaries of defense both give evidence documenting that they had information, or they believed personally, that people were alive and not accounted for in Operation Homecoming.\" The committee issued its unanimous findings on January 13, 1993. In response to the central question of whether any American POWs were still in captivity,","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"14554223","text":"moral virtues that the military training had provided. Fellowes was held in five different camps while a POW including Cu Loc, Hỏa Lò (\"Hanoi Hilton\"), and Alcatraz Grove, during which he was beaten, tortured, and starved. At one point he was tortured for 12 continuous hours, which resulted in permanent damage to both of his arms. On March 4, 1973, both Coker and Fellowes were released as part of Operation Homecoming. Vietnam-era POWs were released in order of capture, and Fellowes and Coker were in the second large release group, about #123 and #124. Of their 2,382 days in captivity","title":"John Heaphy Fellowes"},{"id":"19238089","text":"best we could. [We realize], over time, that we all fall short of what we aspire to be. And that is where forgiveness comes in.\" The North Vietnamese occasionally released prisoners for propaganda or other purposes. The POWs had a \"first in, first out\" interpretation of the Code of the U.S. Fighting Force, meaning they could only accept release in the order they had been captured but making an exception for those seriously sick or badly injured. When a few captured servicemen began to be released from North Vietnamese prisons during the Johnson administration, their testimonies revealed widespread and systematic","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"15581899","text":"Vietnam: The Last Battle Vietnam: The Last Battle is a 1995 Carlton Television documentary, written and presented by John Pilger, and directed by David Munro, which returns to Vietnam nearly twenty years after the Vietnam War had ended to review those two decades. Pilger introduces the film, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the conflict, from the roof of the U.S. Embassy, Saigon, where the last American troops had departed by helicopter. Veteran Bobby Muller, interviewed on China Beach, calls the war a lie and talks about his own belief of this soon after his landing there in","title":"Vietnam: The Last Battle"},{"id":"16741580","text":"probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \"Dirty Bird\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest. Coker was the youngest and lowest ranking of the eleven POWs and was taken in last. He said he is still grateful for every minute the others held out. During the end of his","title":"Alcatraz Gang"},{"id":"3295365","text":"Jeremiah Denton Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a U.S. Senator representing Alabama from 1981 to 1987, a United States Navy Rear Admiral and Naval Aviator taken captive during the Vietnam War. Denton was widely known for enduring almost eight years of grueling conditions as an American prisoner of war (POW) in North Vietnam after the A-6 Intruder he was piloting was shot down in 1965. He was the first of all American POWs held captive and released by Hanoi to step off an American plane during Operation Homecoming in February 1973. As one","title":"Jeremiah Denton"},{"id":"7522980","text":"C-123s attempted to supply the besieged garrison at An Lộc, but were unsuccessful in the face of the heaviest ground fire yet encountered in the Vietnam War. Helicopter resupply was impossible due to the proliferation of automatic weapons in the area. In desperation, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, ordered the 374th to begin a resupply effort of the camp. The wing provided support in March 1973 for Operation Homecoming, the repatriation of American prisoners from Hanoi, North Vietnam. In February 1973, the POWs, some of whom had been held since 1965, were finally released. Military Airlift Command (MAC) was given the","title":"374th Airlift Wing"},{"id":"18566475","text":"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War is a 2010 non-fiction book by author Bruce Henderson. \"Hero Found\" is a biography of Vietnam War hero Dieter Dengler, a German-born United States Navy naval aviator who endured six months of imprisonment and torture before being rescued. Dengler survived 23 days in the jungle after escaping from a Pathet Lao prison camp. Dieter Dengler's survival skills are established at an early age growing up in the chaos of World War II Germany. After his father is killed in the","title":"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War"},{"id":"13531960","text":"the war. Coinciding with these developments, in 1991 and 1992 the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA affairs—chaired by John Kerry and vice-chaired by Bob Smith—conducted what many consider the most extensive independent investigation of the POW/MIA issue undertaken. In early 1993, the committee issued its report, which concluded that there was \"no compelling evidence\" that POWs were alive after the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, and that although there was no \"conspiracy\" in Washington to cover up live POWs, the U.S. government had seriously neglected and mismanaged the issue, particularly in the 1970s. The committee's televised hearings played a major role","title":"United States assistance to Vietnam"},{"id":"20364367","text":"ejection he evaded capture for 10 days, until March 12, 1965. He spent his time in captivity at several POW locations: New Guy Village 1965; Heartbreak Hotel 1965; The Briarpatch in August 1965; Zoo 1966; Zoo Annex 1967; Unity (Hanoi Hilton); Dogpatch (9 miles south of the Chinese border) May 1972; and Unity again in Jan 1973. Hayden was the third American captured in North Vietnam, and the first Air Force pilot captured in the North during the Vietnam War. He was released during \"Operation Homecoming\" on February 12, 1973. After his ordeal, he was briefly hospitalized to recover from","title":"Hayden Lockhart"},{"id":"3735357","text":"all military operations in Indochina except those of a purely defensive character related to the withdrawal, conditioned only upon agreement with the Government of the People's Republic of Vietnam for the release and repatriation of U.S. POWs. S.J. Res. 89 — Resolving that upon agreement between the U.S. and North Vietnamese Governments as to the release of American POWs, the U.S. shall declare a ceasefire in-place and withdrawal all its military forces and equipment from South Vietnam not later than nine months from the date of the agreement. Chairman Fulbright opened the hearings with a brief statement summarizing their purpose:","title":"Fulbright Hearings"},{"id":"447352","text":"It began on 29 April, in an atmosphere of desperation, as hysterical crowds of Vietnamese vied for limited space. Martin pleaded with Washington to dispatch $700 million in emergency aid to bolster the regime and help it mobilize fresh military reserves, but American public opinion had soured on the conflict. President Gerald Ford had given a televised speech on 23 April, declaring an end to the Vietnam War and all U.S. aid. Frequent Wind continued around the clock, as North Vietnamese tanks breached defenses on the outskirts of Saigon. In the early morning hours of 30 April, the last U.S.","title":"Vietnam War"},{"id":"11537728","text":"Laos. Before Doug Hegdahl's early release from the captivity, Brace contacted Hegdahl to ensure the outside world knew about the prisoners captured in Laos. Brace was released on March 28, 1973, spending 7 years, 10 months and 7 days in captivity, making him the longest-held civilian POW in Vietnam. Brace had not been listed as a prisoner during the past 7 years. His wife Patricia assumed her husband was dead and she remarried; a fact Brace found out at the processing station after his release. While receiving out-patient care in Naval Medical Center San Diego, Brace met a nurse named","title":"Ernest C. Brace"},{"id":"15581900","text":"1965. Pilger states that Ho Chi Minh had quoted from the U.S. Declaration of Independence and sought support from Washington for his nation’s independence. An elderly woman, who lost of her husband and five children fighting the French and the Americans, is shown as an exemplar of the struggle for independence. Coal miner Pham Ngo Duc describes the massive American bombing, which, according to Pilger, journalists James Cameron and Harrison Salisbury, were vilified for reporting. Pilger recounts the final evacuation of the U.S. Embassy and what he deems as the \"peaceful\" arrival of the North Vietnamese, which ended the war.","title":"Vietnam: The Last Battle"},{"id":"10226056","text":"loved one still missing in Vietnam. National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created","title":"National League of POW/MIA Families"},{"id":"14425463","text":"Vietnamese parties wanted the kind of peace promised by the agreement\" was the conclusion of one scholar. The last American combat troops left Vietnam as per the Paris Peace Accords. The U.S. military command in South Vietnam, MACV ceased to exist. Fewer than 250 U.S. military personnel remained in Vietnam assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Saigon for advisory duties plus a few marines for protection of the Embassy. About 8,500 civilians working for the U.S. government remained in South South Vietnam. An official publication of North Vietnam summed up the pluses and minuses of the peace agreement. On the","title":"1973 in the Vietnam War"},{"id":"14425464","text":"positive side for North Vietnam, the U.S. had ended its military operations in both South and North Vietnam and had begun to remove mines from coastal waters of North Vietnam. On the negative side, the cease fire had not been effective, although combat was not as intensive as before, and the U.S. continued to support South Vietnam by turning over its military bases and providing weapons and other military material to South Vietnam. The last known American POW, Captain Robert White, was released by North Vietnam. President Thieu of South Vietnam concluded a two-day visit to the United States. President","title":"1973 in the Vietnam War"},{"id":"20101112","text":"The Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017 was introduced into the United States Senate on February 3, 2017. It was passed by unanimous consent the same day without any amendments. The bill was received in the United States House of Representatives and referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary and United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice on February 6, 2017. The bill was passed by the House on March 21, 2017 in a voice vote without any amendments. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 28,","title":"Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017"},{"id":"18566478","text":"weeks after his crash-landing, Dieter arrives at a Prisoner of War (POW) camp having marched 85 miles. Here he meets other prisoners including Dwayne Martin, Prasit Thanee, Phisit Intharathat, To Yick Chiu, and Eugene DeBruin, some of whom have been imprisoned for two and a half years. The group endures illness, starvation, and brutal treatment waiting for the monsoon season when there will be enough water to sustain them during an escape. The rains do not come on time and conditions deteriorate at the camp to a point where the guards plan to kill the prisoners and return home. On","title":"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12262107","text":"Office documentary film \"\". A research library is on site with donated photos of military personnel killed or missing in action. The POW/MIA flag waves outside the center. The center seeks to educate Americans about Vietnam and to maintain a haven for healing and reconciliation. The memorial maintains a UH-1D model Huey helicopter known originally as \"Viking Surprise,\" one of the first smokeships used in Vietnam. On March 26, 1967, the helicopter, while rescuing service personnel, was so badly damaged – 135 bullet holes – that it was returned to the United States for repairs. The copter returned to Vietnam","title":"Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park"},{"id":"9944665","text":"Doug Hegdahl Douglas Brent Hegdahl III (born September 3, 1946) is a former United States Navy officer who was held as a prisoner of war (POW) by North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. After an early release, he was able to provide the names and personal information of about 256 fellow POWs, as well as reveal the conditions of the prisoner-of-war camp. Hegdahl was born on September 3, 1946, and graduated from high school in Clark, South Dakota. On April 6, 1967, 20-year-old Hegdahl was knocked overboard by the blast from a 5-inch gun mount from the in the Gulf","title":"Doug Hegdahl"},{"id":"9843817","text":"Vietnam. On March 29, 1973, the last U.S. soldier left Vietnam. On 30 April 1975, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese troops. While Nixon's campaign used the phrase, as a rhetorical trope it has a very long pedigree of use by politicians as can be seen by the list below. Peace with Honor \"Peace with Honor\" was a phrase U.S. President Richard M. Nixon used in a speech on January 23, 1973 to describe the Paris Peace Accord to end the Vietnam War. The phrase is a variation on a campaign promise Nixon made in 1968: \"I pledge to you that","title":"Peace with Honor"},{"id":"9152299","text":"Burst of Joy Burst of Joy is a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by Associated Press photographer Slava \"Sal\" Veder, taken on March 17, 1973 at Travis Air Force Base in California. The photograph came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and the prevailing sentiment that military personnel and their families could begin a process of healing after enduring the horrors of war. The first group of POWs leaving the prison camps in North Vietnam left Hanoi on a U.S. Air Force Lockheed C-141 Starlifter strategic airlift aircraft nicknamed the Hanoi Taxi, which flew them to","title":"Burst of Joy"},{"id":"449081","text":"fighting the War on Terror. The $115-million museum will be jointly operated by the Park Service and the Fund. Groundbreaking for the project occurred in November 2012, with the center expected to open in 2020. Items left at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial are collected by National Park Service employees and transferred to the NPS Museum Resource Center, which catalogs and stores all items except perishable organic matter (such as fresh flowers) and unaltered U.S. flags. The flags are redistributed through various channels. From 1992 to 2003, selected items from the collection were placed on exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution's National","title":"Vietnam Veterans Memorial"},{"id":"12721428","text":"more improvement. For critics and skeptics, the allegations fail to convincingly answer the question as to what reason the Vietnamese (and other neighboring countries) would have to hang on to living prisoners. They could have been returned post-war, or being inconvenient witnesses to abuse more easily simply murdered. Proponents of the theory often claimed that the prisoners were initially held back as part of a scheme to gain war reparations from the U.S., as cheap labor, or both, and then were continued to be held so that the Vietnamese would not have to admit to what they had done. Senator","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"12721433","text":"the possibility that American POWs survived in Southeast Asia after Operation Homecoming, the committee said this: \"We acknowledge that there is no proof that U.S. POWs survived, but neither is there proof that all of those who did not return had died. There is evidence, moreover, that indicates the possibility of survival, at least for a small number, after Operation Homecoming.\" Committee vice-chairman Smith seemed to back away from the committee's findings within months of their being issued, appearing in April 1993 on \"Larry King Live\" with POW/MIA activist Bill Hendon, stressing his partial dissent from the majority report and","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"446891","text":"a peak strength of about 1,000,000 soldiers in 1972. The official number of anticommunist Vietnamese personnel killed in action was 220,357. Following the communist victory on April 30, 1975, South Vietnamese veterans were rounded up and sent to reeducation camps, essentially forced labor camps in desolate areas. They were detained without trial for up to decades at a time. After being released, they and their children faced significant discrimination from the communist government. A significant proportion of the surviving South Vietnamese veterans left Vietnam for Western countries, either as boat people or through the Humanitarian Operation (HO). According to the","title":"Vietnam veteran"},{"id":"2416133","text":"American prisoners by 1 April 1973, and the last U.S. combat troops departed Vietnam on 11 August 1973. However, the war was not over for the Vietnamese. By spring 1975, the North was advancing on the South. \"Coral Sea\", , \"Hancock\", , and responded on 19 April 1975 to the waters off South Vietnam when North Vietnam overran two-thirds of South Vietnam. On 29–30 April 1975, Operation Frequent Wind was carried out by Seventh Fleet forces. Hundreds of U.S. personnel and Vietnamese were evacuated from Saigon to the ships of the Seventh Fleet lying off Vũng Tàu. South Vietnam surrendered","title":"USS Coral Sea (CV-43)"},{"id":"15568818","text":"Guy Gruters Captain Guy Dennis Gruters (born 1942) was a United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot best known for his survival for over five years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. He was one of the five hundred and ninety-one surviving POWs of all military services released in 1973 for return to the United States during Operation Homecoming. Guy Gruters was born in 1942 in Sarasota, Florida, but raised in New Jersey, where he spent his childhood trapping muskrat, camping, hunting and Scouting (Eagle Scout rank awarded). He won acceptance to the United States Air Force Academy","title":"Guy Gruters"},{"id":"10226048","text":"National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created by Sybil Stockdale and a group","title":"National League of POW/MIA Families"},{"id":"12721426","text":"former U.S.S.R. and were kept in labor camps. We don't have complete data and can only surmise that some of them may still be alive.\" Ross Perot stated that he believed that hundreds of American servicemen were left behind in Southeast Asia at the end of the U.S. involvement in the war, and that government officials were covering up POW/MIA investigations in order to not reveal a drug smuggling operation used to finance a secret war in Laos. Retired United States Army General, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and current head of the American POW/MIA delegation in","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"18566480","text":"Air Force Skyraider flying towards him. Dieter signals the aircraft and is spotted by the pilot, Eugene Deatrick, who persists in calling a rescue despite the possibility that this could be a trap. On July 20, 1966, Dieter is finally rescued from his ordeal after 23 days in the jungle and six months after he was shot down. Dieter is reunited with his comrades on \"Ranger\" and begins the long recovery to health. His story of survival and endurance is widely reported in the press and celebrated by the U.S. government. Dieter is awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism.","title":"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War"},{"id":"15568823","text":"Honor posthumously in 1976. Guy Gruters' story was described in the book, \"Bury Us Upside Down,\" \"Into the Mouth of the Cat\", and \"Misty: Fast FACS.\" Guy Gruters Captain Guy Dennis Gruters (born 1942) was a United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot best known for his survival for over five years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. He was one of the five hundred and ninety-one surviving POWs of all military services released in 1973 for return to the United States during Operation Homecoming. Guy Gruters was born in 1942 in Sarasota, Florida, but raised in New","title":"Guy Gruters"},{"id":"8882742","text":"1973, Gia Lam was the site of Operation Homecoming, the return of American POWs held by the North Vietnamese. The first repatriation, effected by the United States Air Force's Military Airlift Command, happened on February 12, 1973, when C-141s of the 63d Military Airlift Wing, flying from Clark Air Base in the Philippines, flew to Gia Lam and returned with a total of 116 former POWs. The first C-141 to return came to be known as the \"Hanoi Taxi\", named after the writing on the flight engineer's panel by the POWs aboard the plane for the freedom flight. Arizona Senator","title":"Gia Lam Airport"},{"id":"19238095","text":"resumed bombing of North Vietnam starting in April 1972, whose targets included the Hanoi area. The old-time POWs cheered even more during the intense \"Christmas Bombing\" campaign of December 1972, when Hanoi was subjected for the first time to repeated B-52 Stratofortress raids. Although its explosions lit the night sky and shook the walls of the camp, scaring some of the newer POWs, most saw it as a forceful measure to compel North Vietnam to finally come to terms. Of the 13 prisons used to incarcerate POWs, five were located in Hanoi, and the remainder were situated outside the city.","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"7747529","text":"to be replaced by the C-5 Galaxy aircraft being seconded from the regular Air Force. The \"Hanoi Taxi\" is currently housed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, near Dayton, Ohio. For much of the late 1960s and early 1970s, 66-0177 flew out of Norton Air Force Base, San Bernardino, California with the 63rd Military Airlift Wing (MAW). The \"Hanoi Taxi\" flew Bob Hope to USO shows in South Vietnam. The \"Hanoi Taxi\" was used in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War, to repatriate American POWs from North Vietnam. The \"Hanoi Taxi\"'s name comes","title":"Hanoi Taxi"},{"id":"9332474","text":"Tet, but it was very evident that it was totally dependent on U.S. airpower for its survival. Meanwhile, the withdrawal of American troops, who numbered less than 100,000 at the beginning of the year, was continued as scheduled. By June only six infantry battalions remained. On August 12, the last American ground combat division left the country. However, the U.S. continued to operate the base At Long Binh. Combat patrols continued there until November 11 when the U.S. handed over the base to the South Vietnamese. After this, only 24,000 American troops remained in Vietnam and President Nixon announced that","title":"Role of the United States in the Vietnam War"},{"id":"14425351","text":"Nixon proposed that all US prisoners of war (POWs) be released and an internationally supervised cease fire take place. The U.S. would cease bombing and withdraw from South Vietnam within six months after those conditions were met. Nixon also announced the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese harbors, calculating correcting that he could take such a step without endangering the U.S.'s improving relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Nixon's action inspired an outbreak of anti-Vietnam War protests around the U.S. with 1,800 arrests of protesters reported. In one of the largest and most intense battles of the Easter","title":"1972 in the Vietnam War"},{"id":"13531961","text":"in defusing much of the passion that had surrounded the POW issue. The U.S. aid program in Vietnam expanded gradually through the 1990s, in step with the acceleration of the normalization process. In 1993, President Bill Clinton announced that the United States would no longer oppose international financial institution aid to Vietnam. The following year, President Clinton ordered an end to the U.S. trade embargo on Vietnam, a move that followed shortly after a vote in the Senate urging the embargo to be lifted. Ambassadors were exchanged in 1997. In Title II of the FY1991 Foreign Operations bill (P.L. 101-513)","title":"United States assistance to Vietnam"},{"id":"13117095","text":"the Vietnamese would not allow these to be designated by the POWs themselves. The senior officers made the decision that military bearing, structure, and rules would be followed. If any of the prisoners could not walk, they were to be carried by Americans, not the Vietnamese. The release sequence would be by order of capture, starting with the first person. It was mandated that every POW must know the name and capture date of the person ahead of them. If the Vietnamese did not follow sequence, everything would come to a standstill; thus, making sure no one would be left","title":"Norman C. Gaddis"},{"id":"15435057","text":"more troops. John Gorton took the Prime Minister position in January 1968. In June 1968, the government doubled the penalty for the burning of registration cards. In 1971, the government committed to a gradual but total withdrawal from Vietnam—following both Australian opinion and America's new policy. In 1972, all troops including the advisory team were ordered home from Vietnam. Draft resisters in jail were freed. The final birthday lottery was held September 22, 1972. On October 15, 1965, David J. Miller burned his draft card at a rally held near the Armed Forces Induction Center on Whitehall Street in Manhattan.","title":"Draft-card burning"},{"id":"4100641","text":"inside North Vietnam. The last USAF aircraft left South Vietnam at the end of January 1973, and the final group of American Prisoners of War were released from North Vietnam on 29 March 1973. The accords effectively ended United States military operations in North and South Vietnam. Laos and Cambodia, however, were not signatories to the Paris agreement and remained in states of war with their internal rebel forces. The United States was helping the Royal Laotian government achieve whatever advantage possible before working out a settlement with the Laotian communists and their allies. The USAF flew combat sorties over","title":"Tactical Air Command"},{"id":"446893","text":"Republic of Vietnam, from February 28, 1961 to May 7, 1975, as being eligible for such programs as the department's Readjustment Counseling Services program, also known as the Vet Centers. The Vietnam War was the last American war with conscription. Nationals of other nations fought in the American-led anti-communist coalition, usually as armed forces of allied nations, such as Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and South Korea, but sometimes as members of the US armed forces. Republic Of China (Taiwan), Spain and Philippines contributed assistance in non-combat roles. Australia deployed approximately three battalions of infantry, one regiment of Centurion tanks, three","title":"Vietnam veteran"},{"id":"14430865","text":"on the second helicopter. Additional helicopters were then sent to evacuate the Marine guards, under the command of Major James Kean, with the last eleven leaving the Embassy at 0753 hours. Master Sergeant Juan Valdez was the last Marine to board the last helicopter out of Saigon. The 420 people awaiting evacuation were abandoned. Twenty-five years of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam had ended. South Vietnamese air force Major Buang landed a small Cessna airplane on the landing deck of the . His wife and five children were aboard. American crew members applauded and took up a collection to","title":"1975 in the Vietnam War"},{"id":"12721396","text":"action with no body recovered. Many of these were Airmen who were shot down over North Vietnam or Laos. Investigations of these incidents have involved determining whether the men involved survived being shot down. If they did not survive, then the U.S. government considered efforts to recover its soldiers' remains. POW/MIA activists played a role in pushing the U.S. government to improve its efforts in resolving the fates of these missing soldiers. Progress in doing so was slow until the mid-1980s, when relations between the U.S. and Vietnam began to improve and more cooperative efforts were undertaken. Normalization of U.S.","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"2554382","text":"February 1973. The last A-4 loss in the Vietnam War occurred on 26 September 1972, when USMC pilot Captain James P. Walsh, USMC of VMA-211, flying close air support from Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, was hit by ground fire during the Battle of An Lộc. Captain Walsh ejected safely and was the last U.S. Marine to be taken prisoner during the war. He was released as a POW on 12 February 1973. Although the first A-4Es were flown in Vietnam in early 1965, the A-4Cs continued to be used until late 1970. On 1 June 1965, the Chu","title":"Douglas A-4 Skyhawk"},{"id":"11273626","text":"McCain disputed Perot's notion that the U.S. had \"ransomed our prisoners out of Hanoi\" at the close of the war. Some of the most publicized testimony before the committee came in September 1992, when former Nixon Defense Secretaries Melvin Laird and James Schlesinger said that the U.S. government had believed in 1973 that some American servicemen had not been returned from Laos, despite Nixon's public statements to the contrary. Schlesinger said, \"As of now, I can come to no other conclusion. [But] that does not mean there are any alive today.\" Laird said in retrospect of Nixon's assurances that all","title":"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs"},{"id":"11537722","text":"Ernest C. Brace Ernest Cary Brace (August 15, 1931 – December 5, 2014) was the longest-held civilian prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. A decorated Marine Corps fighter pilot and mustang, Brace was court-martialed in 1961 for attempting to fake his own death. He flew as a civilian contract pilot before being captured in Laos in 1965 while flying supplies for USAID. He spent almost eight years as a POW and upon his release received a Presidential Pardon in light of his good conduct. Brace was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1931. He enlisted in the Marine Corps","title":"Ernest C. Brace"},{"id":"3735366","text":"effects of planned civil disobedience; South and North Vietnamese treatment of POWs and likelihood of mutual exchange without conditions. April 28, 1971. Testimony by Melville L. Stephens (former Navy Lt.) on the weaknesses of arguments for setting definite withdrawal date; U.S. responsibility to South Vietnamese people. Discussion followed regarding commitment to Vietnamese versus domestic commitment. May 3, 1971. Testimony by Secretary of State John N. Irwin and Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs William H. Sullivan on the review of Administration policy on ending U.S. participation in Vietnam war and repatriation of American POWs; opposition of announcement","title":"Fulbright Hearings"},{"id":"18586813","text":"goes back to the Australian historian, Lynette Silver. The land where the site located is a private property owned by Dr. Othman Minudin who have stated that the land should be \"forever\" remain as a memorial. The order also includes that the actual camp site will remain untouched by nature. The memorial stone was erected on 27 August 2009, handed over by the Minister of Tourism Datuk Masidi Manjun, by the land owner Dr. Othman and Lynette Silver as a representative of the members of the public. The memorial is located about 8 kilometres south of Ranau on the road","title":"Last POW Camp Memorial"},{"id":"12721399","text":"for the United States. The origins of the POW/MIA issue date back to during the war itself. Suffering from a lack of accurate intelligence sources inside North Vietnam, the U.S. never had solid knowledge for how many American prisoners of war were held. Indeed, the U.S. often relied upon possibly inaccurate North Vietnamese newspapers and radio broadcasts to find out who had been captured, as well as memorized lists of names brought out by the few American POWs given early release. As the Department of Defense built up lists of those in the categories of killed in action, killed in","title":"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue"},{"id":"10944683","text":"Willis E. Forby, over North Vietnam. The HH-43 was hit by ground fire and crashed in the jungle. Curtis, Robinson, and Black were all captured by the North Vietnamese Army and taken to a POW camp in North Vietnam. They were later released during Operation Homecoming. Martin, on the other hand was captured by the Pathet Lao and taken to a POW camp in Laos. There, he joined fellow prisoners Eugene DeBruin (American), Phisit Intharathat, Prasit Promsuwan, Prasit Dhanee (all Thai), and Y.C. To (Chinese). They were joined in February 1966 by Dieter Dengler. On June 29, 1966, while the","title":"Duane W. Martin"},{"id":"18772659","text":"winter. After about a week, Shumaker had not relented, and he was forced to kneel for another week. Finally, he was kneeling on broom handles with boards on his shoulders. After a month the Vietnamese finally broke him and went on to the next POW. Shumaker was released in Operation Homecoming on February 12, 1973. He had been promoted to the rank of Commander during his captivity. His fellow POWs consider him as a resister, leader, and patriot. He was briefly hospitalised to recover from his injuries at Balboa Naval Hospital, from February to June 1973, and then attended the","title":"Robert H. Shumaker"},{"id":"11637221","text":"crown prince\". Two days after McCain's plane went down, that event and his status as a POW made the front pages of \"The New York Times\" and \"The Washington Post\". Interrogation and beatings resumed in the hospital; McCain gave the North Vietnamese his ship's name, squadron's name, and the attack's intended target. This information, along with personal details of McCain's life and purported statements by McCain about the war's progress, would appear over the next two weeks in the North Vietnamese official newspaper \"Nhân Dân\" as well as in dispatches from outlets such as the Cuban news agency Prensa Latina.","title":"Early life and military career of John McCain"},{"id":"2990534","text":"“Vietnam had advocates. This was an older generation, and they didn’t know who to turn to.” In 2008, investigators began to conduct searches on Tarawa atoll in the Pacific Ocean, trying to locate the remains of 139 American Marines, missing since the Battle of Tarawa in 1943. Between 2013 and 2016 the remains of 37 USMC were recovered from Tarawa. As of December 14, 2018, according to the U.S. Department of Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Accounting Office, there were still 72,776 U.S. servicemen and Civilians still unaccounted for from World War II. According to official US Department of Army and","title":"Missing in action"},{"id":"18029992","text":"the 87th Academy Awards. It premiered on PBS television on April 28, 2015. During the chaotic final weeks of the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese Army closes in on Saigon as the panicked South Vietnamese people desperately attempt to escape. On the ground, American soldiers and diplomats confront the same moral quandary: whether to obey White House orders to evacuate U.S. citizens only—or to risk punishment and save the lives of as many South Vietnamese citizens as they can. The events recounted in the film mainly center on the US evacuation of Saigon codenamed Operation Frequent Wind. Interviewees included Henry","title":"Last Days in Vietnam"},{"id":"19238092","text":"by helicopter and assaulted the prison, but the American prisoners had been moved some months earlier and none were rescued. While the raid failed to free any POWs and was considered a significant intelligence failure, it had several positive implications for American prisoners. The most immediate effect was to affirm to the POWs that their government was actively attempting to repatriate them, which significantly boosted their morale. Additionally, soon after the raid all acknowledged American prisoners in North Vietnam were moved to Hỏa Lò so that the North Vietnamese had fewer camps to protect and to prevent their rescue by","title":"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War"},{"id":"705546","text":"it had recaptured the territory that it had lost earlier. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thieu announced on 4 January that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1 billion a year to $700 million. By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek,","title":"South Vietnam"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"7505339\",\n \"text\": \"Robert R. Garwood Robert Russell Garwood (born April 1, 1946) is a controversial former Vietnam War prisoner of war (POW). Garwood was a United States Marine Corps Private First Class when he was captured on September 28, 1965 near Da Nang, Quang Nam Province. Often cited as the last verified American POW from the Vietnam War, Garwood was taken to North Vietnam in 1969, and reportedly was released in 1973 along with the other American POWs. The North Vietnam government may have kept him as a POW until June 4, 1975 for propaganda reasons until the war ended. After June\",\n \"title\": \"Robert R. Garwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238079\",\n \"text\": \"name and capture date of imprisoned U.S. service members. American POWs in North Vietnam were released in early 1973 as part of Operation Homecoming, the result of diplomatic negotiations concluding U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. On February 12, 1973, the first of 591 U.S. prisoners began to be repatriated, and return flights continued until late March. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed roughly 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action but whose bodies were not recovered.<ref name=\\\"Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office\\\"> \\\"Vietnam War\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721401\",\n \"text\": \"issue to come. Following the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973, U.S. prisoners of war were returned during Operation Homecoming during February through April 1973. During this, 591 POWs were released to U.S. authorities; this included a few captured in Laos and released in North Vietnam. U.S. President Richard Nixon announced that all U.S. servicemen taken prisoner had been accounted for. At that time, the U.S. listed 2,646 Americans as unaccounted for, including about 1,350 prisoners of war or missing in action and roughly 1,200 reported killed in action and body not recovered. The low numbers of returnees from Laos\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7505353\",\n \"text\": \"interviews with Garwood's court-martial attorney, Vaughan Taylor, and fellow former POW David Harker. The interviews with Garwood were the first in more than a decade and they represented his most complete account to date of the events surrounding his capture and eventual return to the United States. Robert R. Garwood Robert Russell Garwood (born April 1, 1946) is a controversial former Vietnam War prisoner of war (POW). Garwood was a United States Marine Corps Private First Class when he was captured on September 28, 1965 near Da Nang, Quang Nam Province. Often cited as the last verified American POW from\",\n \"title\": \"Robert R. Garwood\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721403\",\n \"text\": \"and pursuant to the Paris Accords, the North Vietnamese returned some remains too. These efforts halted following the collapse of the Accords and the fall of South Vietnam in 1975, and over the next ten years, little progress was made in recovering remains. During the late 1970s and 1980s, the friends and relatives of unaccounted-for American personnel became politically active, requesting the United States government reveal what steps were taken to follow up on intelligence regarding last-known-alive MIAs and POWs. When initial inquiries revealed important information had not been pursued, many families and their supporters asked for the public release\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16741578\",\n \"text\": \"Alcatraz Gang The Alcatraz Gang was a group of eleven American prisoners of war (POW) held separately in Hanoi, North Vietnam during the Vietnam War because of their particular resistance to their North-Vietnamese military captors. These eleven POWs were: George Thomas Coker, USN; Jeremiah Denton, USN; Harry Jenkins, USN; Sam Johnson, USAF; George McKnight, USAF; James Mulligan, USN; Howard Rutledge, USN; Robert Shumaker, USN; James Stockdale, USN; Ronald Storz, USAF; and Nels Tanner, USN. These prisoners were held in solitary confinement from 25 October 1967 to 9 December 1969 at a special facility (dubbed \\\"Alcatraz\\\" by Commander Stockdale) in a\",\n \"title\": \"Alcatraz Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721447\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. believed might have survived their initial loss incident. Outcomes of these investigations helps resolve the live prisoners question. The U.S. has identified 296 individuals as Last Known Alive cases in all of Southeast Asia, and following full investigations, the Defense Department confirmed the wartime death of 245 of these individuals by March 2012. As of June 20, 2018 according to the U.S. Department of Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office, US Military and Civilian personnel still unaccounted for number 1,597 Vietnam War POW/MIA issue The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238080\",\n \"text\": \"Accounting History\\\". Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office.</ref> These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. On March 26, 1964, the first U.S. service member imprisoned during the Vietnam War was captured near Quang Tri, South Vietnam when an L-19/O-1 Bird Dog observation plane flown by Captain Richard L. Whitesides and Captain Floyd James Thompson was brought down by small arms fire. Whitesides was killed, and Thompson was taken prisoner; he would ultimately spend just short of nine years in captivity, making him the longest held POW in American history. The first aviator captured in\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721404\",\n \"text\": \"of POW/MIA records and called for an investigation. In 1979, the re-emergence of U.S. Private First Class Bobby Garwood constituted the only POW to surface following the end of the war and release of prisoners. Garwood is considered by the Department of Defense to have acted as a collaborator with the enemy after he was taken prisoner, while it is claimed by proponents of the \\\"live prisoners\\\" belief, and by Garwood himself, that he was an American POW abandoned by the military. The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia was created by Sybil Stockdale,\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18029991\",\n \"text\": \"Last Days in Vietnam Last Days in Vietnam is a 2014 American documentary film written, produced and directed by Rory Kennedy. The film had its world premiere at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival, \\\"American Experience Films\\\" acquired the distribution rights of the film, in association with PBS Distribution for DVD releases. The film had a theatrical release in New York City on September 5, 2014 before expanding nationwide in the United States during September and early October. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at\",\n \"title\": \"Last Days in Vietnam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721446\",\n \"text\": \"of impersonating American POWs. The case of Baron 52, the call sign of a U.S. Air Force EC-47 carrying eight crew members that was shot down over Laos in 1973, was reopened for examination by the Air Force and the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency in 2016, after decades of pressure from family members who believe that four of the crewmen might have escaped the crash. Efforts continued to recover Americans who remained unaccounted for, who numbered 1,621 as of March 23, 2016. Working jointly, American and Vietnamese experts focus on \\\"Last Known Alive\\\" cases, which involve missing Americans whom the\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721395\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue concerns the fate of United States servicemen who were reported as missing in action (MIA) during the Vietnam War and associated theaters of operation in Southeast Asia. The term also refers to issues related to the treatment of affected family members by the governments involved in these conflicts. Following the Paris Peace Accords of 1973, 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) were returned during Operation Homecoming. The U.S. listed about 2,500 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action but only 1,200 Americans were reported to have been killed in\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721438\",\n \"text\": \"up all evidence of this betrayal, and that the governments of Communist Vietnam and Laos continued to hold an unspecified number of living American POWs, despite their adamant denials of this charge.\\\" Believers continued to strongly reject such notions; as one wrote in 1994, \\\"It is not conspiracy theory, not paranoid myth, not Rambo fantasy. It is only hard evidence of a national disgrace: American prisoners were left behind at the end of the Vietnam War. They were abandoned because six presidents and official Washington could not admit their guilty secret. They were forgotten because the press and most Americans\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16741581\",\n \"text\": \"session, something changed and the session stopped, which the POWs thought was because of a political decision from higher authorities to stop the sessions. All of the prisoners except Storz were moved to other prisons in December 1969. Storz, debilitated from sickness and untreated injuries, was left behind and died in captivity on 23 April 1970. When all the POWS were released from North Vietnam in February and March 1973 (Operation Homecoming), so much had changed back in the United States that Coker (and Commander Denton) said it was as if \\\"...we weren't here (in America) at all. We were\",\n \"title\": \"Alcatraz Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810147\",\n \"text\": \"Operation Homecoming Operation Homecoming was the return of 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam following the Paris Peace Accords that ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. On January 27, 1973, Henry Kissinger (then assistant to the President for national security affairs) agreed to a ceasefire with representatives of North Vietnam that provided for the withdrawal of American military forces from South Vietnam. The agreement also postulated for the release of nearly 600 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam and its allies within 60 days of the withdrawal of U.S. troops. The deal\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810151\",\n \"text\": \"26 United States Marines, and 25 civilian employees of American government agencies. A majority of the prisoners were held at camps in North Vietnam, however some POWs were held in at various locations throughout Southeast Asia. A total of 69 POWs were held in South Vietnam by the Viet Cong and would eventually leave the country aboard flights from Loc Ninh, while nine POWs were released from Laos, as well as an additional three from China. The prisoners returned included future politicians Senator John McCain of Arizona and Representative Sam Johnson of Texas. According to John L. Borling, a former\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810150\",\n \"text\": \"the basis of longest length of time in prison. The first group had spent six to eight years as prisoners of war. The last POWs were turned over to allied hands on March 29, 1973 raising the total number of Americans returned to 591. Of the POWs repatriated to the United States a total of 325 of them served in the United States Air Force, a majority of which were bomber pilots shot down over North Vietnam or Viet Cong controlled land. The remaining 266 consisted of 138 United States Naval personnel, 77 soldiers serving in the United States Army,\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810165\",\n \"text\": \"May 6, 2006, just a year after it was used to evacuate the areas devastated by Hurricane Katrina. Operation Homecoming has been largely forgotten by the American public, yet ceremonies commemorating the 40th anniversary were held at United States military bases and other locations throughout Asia and the United States. Operation Homecoming Operation Homecoming was the return of 591 American prisoners of war (POWs) held by North Vietnam following the Paris Peace Accords that ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. On January 27, 1973, Henry Kissinger (then assistant to the President for national security affairs) agreed to a ceasefire\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238100\",\n \"text\": \"Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973\\\" (published 1999). U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War Members of the United States armed forces were held as prisoners of war (POWs) in significant numbers during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973. Unlike U.S. service members captured in World War II and the Korean War, who were mostly enlisted troops, the overwhelming majority of Vietnam-era POWs were officers, most of them Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps airmen; a relatively small number of Army enlisted personnel were also captured, as well as one enlisted Navy seaman who fell\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721398\",\n \"text\": \"has been made to cover up their existence. Popular culture has reflected the \\\"live prisoners\\\" theory, most notably in the 1985 film \\\"\\\". Several congressional investigations have looked into the issue, culminating with the largest and most thorough, the United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs of 1991–1993 led by Senators John Kerry, Bob Smith, and John McCain. It found \\\"no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia.\\\" The issue has been a highly emotional one to those involved, and is often considered the last depressing, divisive aftereffect of the Vietnam War\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238077\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War Members of the United States armed forces were held as prisoners of war (POWs) in significant numbers during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973. Unlike U.S. service members captured in World War II and the Korean War, who were mostly enlisted troops, the overwhelming majority of Vietnam-era POWs were officers, most of them Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps airmen; a relatively small number of Army enlisted personnel were also captured, as well as one enlisted Navy seaman who fell overboard from a naval vessel. Most U.S. prisoners were captured and\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721430\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnamese to give them full access to their records, and that they had spent thousands of hours trying to find real, not fabricated, evidence of surviving Americans. Some of the most publicized testimony before the committee came in September 1992, when former Nixon Defense Secretaries Melvin Laird and James Schlesinger said that the U.S. government had believed in 1973 that some American servicemen had not been returned from Laos, despite Nixon's public statements to the contrary. Schlesinger said, \\\"As of now, I can come to no other conclusion. [But] that does not mean there are any alive today.\\\" Laird said\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3295374\",\n \"text\": \"POWs because their strong resistance led other POWs in resisting their captors. \\\"Alcatraz\\\" was a special facility in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, located about one mile away from Hoa Lo Prison. Each of the American POWs spent day and night in windowless cells mostly in legcuffs. On February 12, 1973, both Denton and Tschudy were released in Hanoi by the North Vietnamese along with numerous other American POWs during Operation Homecoming. Stepping off the jet back home in uniform, Denton said: \\\"We are honored to have had the opportunity to serve our country under\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremiah Denton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810156\",\n \"text\": \"Unaware of the code agreed upon by the POWs, Kissinger ignored their shot down dates and circled twenty names at random. Overall, Operation Homecoming did little to satisfy the American public's need for closure on the war in Vietnam. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed about 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action and body not recovered. These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue for years to come. , the Department of Defense still claimed there were 516\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810148\",\n \"text\": \"would come to be known as Operation Homecoming and was divided into three phases. The first phase required the initial reception of prisoners at three release sites: POWs held by the Viet Cong (VC) were to be flown by helicopter to Saigon, POWs held by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) were released in Hanoi, and the three POWs held in China were to be freed in Hong Kong. The former prisoners were to then be flown to Clark Air Base in the Philippines where they were to be processed at a reception center, debriefed, and receive a physical examination. The\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1331990\",\n \"text\": \"and World War II marine, were found in the Pacific area on Makin Island and returned to his hometown for a military funeral. The George E. Day Parkway is named for Medal of Honor winner Colonel George E. \\\"Bud\\\" Day, a F-100 Super Sabre pilot who is the only known American POW to escape into South Vietnam. He was later recaptured and sent to the Hanoi Hilton. Sikeston is home to the Missouri National Guard unit Company C 1140th Engineer Battalion, which took part in Operation Iraqi Freedom from February 2004 until February 2005. Company C has been restructured from\",\n \"title\": \"Sikeston, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810149\",\n \"text\": \"final phase was the relocation of the POWs to military hospitals. On Feb. 12, 1973, three C-141 transports flew to Hanoi, North Vietnam, and one C-9A aircraft was sent to Saigon, South Vietnam to pick up released prisoners of war. The first flight of 40 U.S. prisoners of war left Hanoi in a C-141A, later known as the \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\" and is now in a museum. From February 12 to April 4, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing the former POWs home. During the early part of Operation Homecoming, groups of POWs released were selected on\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11273609\",\n \"text\": \"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs The Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs was a special committee convened by the United States Senate during the George H. W. Bush administration (1989 to 1993) to investigate the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, that is, the fate of United States service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The committee was in existence from August 2, 1991 to January 2, 1993. Following the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973, U.S. prisoners of war were returned during Operation Homecoming during February through April 1973. During the late 1970s and\",\n \"title\": \"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721397\",\n \"text\": \"relations with Vietnam in the mid-1990s was a culmination of this process. Considerable speculation and investigation has contributed to a hypothesis that a significant number of missing U.S. soldiers from the Vietnam Conflict were captured as prisoners of war by Communist forces and kept as live prisoners after U.S. involvement in the war concluded in 1973. A vocal group of POW/MIA activists maintains that there has been a concerted conspiracy by the Vietnamese and American governments since then to hide the existence of these prisoners. The U.S. government has steadfastly denied that prisoners were left behind or that any effort\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721402\",\n \"text\": \"caused some immediate concern, as previous Pentagon estimates were as high as 41 for prisoners held there, although only a few had been known to be captured for certain. Investigation of the fate of all the missing service personnel would end up residing with the Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office. The Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command also played a major role in subsequent investigations. In 1973, the Defense Department established the Central Identification Laboratory–Thailand to coordinate POW/MIA recovery efforts in Southeast Asia. The U.S. conducted some limited operations in South Vietnam in 1974 to find the remains of those missing,\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721425\",\n \"text\": \"POWs were indeed still being held captive; a July 1991 \\\"Wall Street Journal\\\" poll showed 70 percent of Americans believing this, and that three-fourths of them believed the U.S. government was not doing what needed to be done to gain their release. Interest in the matter intensified in June 1992 when President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin told NBC News in an interview that some Americans captured during the Vietnam War may have been transferred from Hanoi to the Soviet Union: \\\"Our archives have shown that it is true, some of them were transferred to the territory of the\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6867454\",\n \"text\": \"until December 9, 1969 and spent the next three years in captivity shuffled between a number of different prisons. On March 4, 1973, both Coker and Fellowes were released as part of Operation Homecoming. Vietnam-era POWs were released by order of capture, and Fellowes and Coker were in the second large release group, about No. 123 and #124. Of their 2,382 days in captivity (6.5 years), 2.5 years were in solitary confinement and 2.5 years in the \\\"Hanoi Hilton\\\". They also spent time in several other POW camps around Hanoi. Fellowes retired from the Navy in July 1986 and Coker\",\n \"title\": \"George Thomas Coker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12500355\",\n \"text\": \"civilian prisoners of war – most of them American men, women and children, as well as other Allied nationalities – from an Imperial Japanese Army internment camp located 40 miles south of Manila. \\\"Rescue at Los Baños\\\" has received positive reviews from the trade and the media. Kirkus Reviews called it \\\"riveting\\\" and The Costco Connection called the book \\\"history as exciting as any work of fiction.\\\" Henderson's national bestseller \\\"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War\\\" is the story of U.S. Navy pilot Dieter Dengler, who was shot down over Laos in January 1966 and escaped\",\n \"title\": \"Bruce Henderson (author)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238091\",\n \"text\": \"responsible for their mistreatment. Also, a badly beaten and weakened POW who had been released that summer disclosed to the world press the conditions to which they were being subjected, and the National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia heightened awareness of the POWs' plight. Despite several escape attempts, no U.S. prisoner of war successfully escaped from a North Vietnamese prison. On November 21, 1970, U.S. Special Forces launched Operation Ivory Coast in an attempt to rescue 61 POWs believed to be held at the Sơn Tây prison camp west of Hanoi. Fifty-six commandos landed\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"894944\",\n \"text\": \"the Disarm Education Fund. Zinn's diplomatic visit to Hanoi with Rev. Daniel Berrigan, during the Tet Offensive in January 1968, resulted in the return of three American airmen, the first American POWs released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun. The event was widely reported in the news media and discussed in a variety of books including \\\"Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam 1963–1975\\\" by Nancy Zaroulis and Gerald Sullivan. Zinn and the Berrigan brothers, Dan and Philip, remained friends and allies over the years. Also in January 1968, he\",\n \"title\": \"Howard Zinn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11985621\",\n \"text\": \"(POW) in American history. The grandson of immigrants from Mexico, Alvarez joined the United States Navy in 1960 and was selected for pilot training. On August 5, 1964, during Operation Pierce Arrow, Ensign Alvarez's A-4 Skyhawk was shot down over North Vietnam and became the first American POW of the Vietnam War. Alvarez endured eight years and seven months of brutal captivity in which he was repeatedly beaten and tortured. He was released from the prisoner of war camp in 1973 and retired as Commander in 1980. Captain Charles Kenneth Ruiz commanded the aircraft carrier in the Vietnam War. \\\"Bon\",\n \"title\": \"Hispanics in the United States Navy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6658947\",\n \"text\": \"the terms of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords, the cease-fire was to become effective in Vietnam the morning of 28 January 1973, Saigon time. American prisoners in North Vietnam were to be released and the last 23,700 American troops withdrawn from Vietnam within sixty days. Planning for Operation Homecoming, the mission for the return of Americans held by North Vietnam, was given to the Military Airlift Command. C-141s of the 63d Military Airlift Wing, stationed at Norton AFB, California were given responsibility for bringing out the men. On 11 February, two C-130s of TAC's 374th Tactical Airlift Wing flew from\",\n \"title\": \"Military Airlift Command\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721406\",\n \"text\": \"the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\\\" The League's most prominent symbol is its POW/MIA flag. Newt Heisley designed this flag to represent America's missing men. This group was more established, less radical, and more connected to the government. The National Alliance of Families For the Return of America's Missing Servicemen was founded in 1990. Its goal was and is to resolve the fates of any unreturned U.S. prisoners of war or missing in action\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11637239\",\n \"text\": \"when Hanoi was subjected for the first time to repeated B-52 Stratofortress raids. Although its explosions lit the night sky and shook the walls of the camp, scaring some of the newer POWs, most saw it as a forceful measure to compel North Vietnam to finally come to terms. The Paris Peace Accords were signed on January 27, 1973, ending direct U.S. involvement in the war, but the Operation Homecoming arrangements for the 591 American POWs took longer. McCain was finally released from captivity on March 14, 1973, being taken by bus to Gia Lam Airport, transferred to U.S. custody,\",\n \"title\": \"Early life and military career of John McCain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8047433\",\n \"text\": \"shipping traveling to Korea, the Republic of the Philippines, and Japan as well as many exercises in Okinawa. A detachment from the squadron participated in the evacuation of Americans from Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on April 12, 1975, as part of Operation Eagle Pull. On April 30, 1975, an HMM-164 CH-46D crew lifted the last Americans out of Vietnam when they picked up the Marine combined security force during Operation Frequent Wind. With the advent of the Unit Deployment Program, on September 1, 1978, HMM-164 returned home to MCAS Santa Ana, California. In September 1978, the squadron rejoined Marine Aircraft Group\",\n \"title\": \"VMM-164\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9810153\",\n \"text\": \"those held at the Hanoi Hilton stipulated that the POWs, unless seriously injured, would not accept an early release. The rule entailed that the prisoners would return home in the order that they were shot down and captured. The POWs held at the Hanoi Hilton were to deny early release because the communist government of North Vietnam could possibly use this tactic as propaganda or as a reward for military intelligence. The first round of POWs to be released in February 1973 mostly included injured soldiers in need of medical attention. Following the first release, twenty prisoners were then moved\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Homecoming\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11617232\",\n \"text\": \"the human rights issue of Vietnam to the table during his visit to Vietnam in 2017 and before was the visit of Vietnamese Premier Nguyễn Xuân Phúc to the United States. As of December 14, 2007, the U.S. government listed 1,763 Americans unaccounted for in Southeast Asia, including 1,353 in Vietnam. Since 1973, as part of investigating the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, 883 Americans have been accounted for, including 627 in Vietnam. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense has confirmed that of the 196 individuals who were \\\"last known alive\\\" (LKA), the U.S. government has determined the fate of all\",\n \"title\": \"United States–Vietnam relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721431\",\n \"text\": \"in retrospect of Nixon's assurances that all POWs were coming home, \\\"I think it was unfortunate to be that positive. You can't be that positive when we had the kind of intelligence we had.\\\" In reaction to the testimony, Kerry said, \\\"I think it's quite extraordinary when two former secretaries of defense both give evidence documenting that they had information, or they believed personally, that people were alive and not accounted for in Operation Homecoming.\\\" The committee issued its unanimous findings on January 13, 1993. In response to the central question of whether any American POWs were still in captivity,\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14554223\",\n \"text\": \"moral virtues that the military training had provided. Fellowes was held in five different camps while a POW including Cu Loc, Hỏa Lò (\\\"Hanoi Hilton\\\"), and Alcatraz Grove, during which he was beaten, tortured, and starved. At one point he was tortured for 12 continuous hours, which resulted in permanent damage to both of his arms. On March 4, 1973, both Coker and Fellowes were released as part of Operation Homecoming. Vietnam-era POWs were released in order of capture, and Fellowes and Coker were in the second large release group, about #123 and #124. Of their 2,382 days in captivity\",\n \"title\": \"John Heaphy Fellowes\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238089\",\n \"text\": \"best we could. [We realize], over time, that we all fall short of what we aspire to be. And that is where forgiveness comes in.\\\" The North Vietnamese occasionally released prisoners for propaganda or other purposes. The POWs had a \\\"first in, first out\\\" interpretation of the Code of the U.S. Fighting Force, meaning they could only accept release in the order they had been captured but making an exception for those seriously sick or badly injured. When a few captured servicemen began to be released from North Vietnamese prisons during the Johnson administration, their testimonies revealed widespread and systematic\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15581899\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnam: The Last Battle Vietnam: The Last Battle is a 1995 Carlton Television documentary, written and presented by John Pilger, and directed by David Munro, which returns to Vietnam nearly twenty years after the Vietnam War had ended to review those two decades. Pilger introduces the film, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the conflict, from the roof of the U.S. Embassy, Saigon, where the last American troops had departed by helicopter. Veteran Bobby Muller, interviewed on China Beach, calls the war a lie and talks about his own belief of this soon after his landing there in\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam: The Last Battle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16741580\",\n \"text\": \"probably the strongest, most exemplary leader of the whole North Vietnamese POW environment\\\". Coker and McKnight were the last POWs assigned to the Alcatraz Gang, being so assigned for previous fierce resistance to their treatment and an unsuccessful escape from the Power Plant or \\\"Dirty Bird\\\" prison camp. The group received special torture and were taken into torture sessions in order of rank, highest to lowest. Coker was the youngest and lowest ranking of the eleven POWs and was taken in last. He said he is still grateful for every minute the others held out. During the end of his\",\n \"title\": \"Alcatraz Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3295365\",\n \"text\": \"Jeremiah Denton Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a U.S. Senator representing Alabama from 1981 to 1987, a United States Navy Rear Admiral and Naval Aviator taken captive during the Vietnam War. Denton was widely known for enduring almost eight years of grueling conditions as an American prisoner of war (POW) in North Vietnam after the A-6 Intruder he was piloting was shot down in 1965. He was the first of all American POWs held captive and released by Hanoi to step off an American plane during Operation Homecoming in February 1973. As one\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremiah Denton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7522980\",\n \"text\": \"C-123s attempted to supply the besieged garrison at An Lộc, but were unsuccessful in the face of the heaviest ground fire yet encountered in the Vietnam War. Helicopter resupply was impossible due to the proliferation of automatic weapons in the area. In desperation, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, ordered the 374th to begin a resupply effort of the camp. The wing provided support in March 1973 for Operation Homecoming, the repatriation of American prisoners from Hanoi, North Vietnam. In February 1973, the POWs, some of whom had been held since 1965, were finally released. Military Airlift Command (MAC) was given the\",\n \"title\": \"374th Airlift Wing\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18566475\",\n \"text\": \"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War is a 2010 non-fiction book by author Bruce Henderson. \\\"Hero Found\\\" is a biography of Vietnam War hero Dieter Dengler, a German-born United States Navy naval aviator who endured six months of imprisonment and torture before being rescued. Dengler survived 23 days in the jungle after escaping from a Pathet Lao prison camp. Dieter Dengler's survival skills are established at an early age growing up in the chaos of World War II Germany. After his father is killed in the\",\n \"title\": \"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13531960\",\n \"text\": \"the war. Coinciding with these developments, in 1991 and 1992 the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA affairs—chaired by John Kerry and vice-chaired by Bob Smith—conducted what many consider the most extensive independent investigation of the POW/MIA issue undertaken. In early 1993, the committee issued its report, which concluded that there was \\\"no compelling evidence\\\" that POWs were alive after the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, and that although there was no \\\"conspiracy\\\" in Washington to cover up live POWs, the U.S. government had seriously neglected and mismanaged the issue, particularly in the 1970s. The committee's televised hearings played a major role\",\n \"title\": \"United States assistance to Vietnam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20364367\",\n \"text\": \"ejection he evaded capture for 10 days, until March 12, 1965. He spent his time in captivity at several POW locations: New Guy Village 1965; Heartbreak Hotel 1965; The Briarpatch in August 1965; Zoo 1966; Zoo Annex 1967; Unity (Hanoi Hilton); Dogpatch (9 miles south of the Chinese border) May 1972; and Unity again in Jan 1973. Hayden was the third American captured in North Vietnam, and the first Air Force pilot captured in the North during the Vietnam War. He was released during \\\"Operation Homecoming\\\" on February 12, 1973. After his ordeal, he was briefly hospitalized to recover from\",\n \"title\": \"Hayden Lockhart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3735357\",\n \"text\": \"all military operations in Indochina except those of a purely defensive character related to the withdrawal, conditioned only upon agreement with the Government of the People's Republic of Vietnam for the release and repatriation of U.S. POWs. S.J. Res. 89 — Resolving that upon agreement between the U.S. and North Vietnamese Governments as to the release of American POWs, the U.S. shall declare a ceasefire in-place and withdrawal all its military forces and equipment from South Vietnam not later than nine months from the date of the agreement. Chairman Fulbright opened the hearings with a brief statement summarizing their purpose:\",\n \"title\": \"Fulbright Hearings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"447352\",\n \"text\": \"It began on 29 April, in an atmosphere of desperation, as hysterical crowds of Vietnamese vied for limited space. Martin pleaded with Washington to dispatch $700 million in emergency aid to bolster the regime and help it mobilize fresh military reserves, but American public opinion had soured on the conflict. President Gerald Ford had given a televised speech on 23 April, declaring an end to the Vietnam War and all U.S. aid. Frequent Wind continued around the clock, as North Vietnamese tanks breached defenses on the outskirts of Saigon. In the early morning hours of 30 April, the last U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11537728\",\n \"text\": \"Laos. Before Doug Hegdahl's early release from the captivity, Brace contacted Hegdahl to ensure the outside world knew about the prisoners captured in Laos. Brace was released on March 28, 1973, spending 7 years, 10 months and 7 days in captivity, making him the longest-held civilian POW in Vietnam. Brace had not been listed as a prisoner during the past 7 years. His wife Patricia assumed her husband was dead and she remarried; a fact Brace found out at the processing station after his release. While receiving out-patient care in Naval Medical Center San Diego, Brace met a nurse named\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest C. Brace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15581900\",\n \"text\": \"1965. Pilger states that Ho Chi Minh had quoted from the U.S. Declaration of Independence and sought support from Washington for his nation’s independence. An elderly woman, who lost of her husband and five children fighting the French and the Americans, is shown as an exemplar of the struggle for independence. Coal miner Pham Ngo Duc describes the massive American bombing, which, according to Pilger, journalists James Cameron and Harrison Salisbury, were vilified for reporting. Pilger recounts the final evacuation of the U.S. Embassy and what he deems as the \\\"peaceful\\\" arrival of the North Vietnamese, which ended the war.\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam: The Last Battle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10226056\",\n \"text\": \"loved one still missing in Vietnam. National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \\\"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\\\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created\",\n \"title\": \"National League of POW/MIA Families\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14425463\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnamese parties wanted the kind of peace promised by the agreement\\\" was the conclusion of one scholar. The last American combat troops left Vietnam as per the Paris Peace Accords. The U.S. military command in South Vietnam, MACV ceased to exist. Fewer than 250 U.S. military personnel remained in Vietnam assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Saigon for advisory duties plus a few marines for protection of the Embassy. About 8,500 civilians working for the U.S. government remained in South South Vietnam. An official publication of North Vietnam summed up the pluses and minuses of the peace agreement. On the\",\n \"title\": \"1973 in the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14425464\",\n \"text\": \"positive side for North Vietnam, the U.S. had ended its military operations in both South and North Vietnam and had begun to remove mines from coastal waters of North Vietnam. On the negative side, the cease fire had not been effective, although combat was not as intensive as before, and the U.S. continued to support South Vietnam by turning over its military bases and providing weapons and other military material to South Vietnam. The last known American POW, Captain Robert White, was released by North Vietnam. President Thieu of South Vietnam concluded a two-day visit to the United States. President\",\n \"title\": \"1973 in the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20101112\",\n \"text\": \"The Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017 was introduced into the United States Senate on February 3, 2017. It was passed by unanimous consent the same day without any amendments. The bill was received in the United States House of Representatives and referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary and United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice on February 6, 2017. The bill was passed by the House on March 21, 2017 in a voice vote without any amendments. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 28,\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18566478\",\n \"text\": \"weeks after his crash-landing, Dieter arrives at a Prisoner of War (POW) camp having marched 85 miles. Here he meets other prisoners including Dwayne Martin, Prasit Thanee, Phisit Intharathat, To Yick Chiu, and Eugene DeBruin, some of whom have been imprisoned for two and a half years. The group endures illness, starvation, and brutal treatment waiting for the monsoon season when there will be enough water to sustain them during an escape. The rains do not come on time and conditions deteriorate at the camp to a point where the guards plan to kill the prisoners and return home. On\",\n \"title\": \"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12262107\",\n \"text\": \"Office documentary film \\\"\\\". A research library is on site with donated photos of military personnel killed or missing in action. The POW/MIA flag waves outside the center. The center seeks to educate Americans about Vietnam and to maintain a haven for healing and reconciliation. The memorial maintains a UH-1D model Huey helicopter known originally as \\\"Viking Surprise,\\\" one of the first smokeships used in Vietnam. On March 26, 1967, the helicopter, while rescuing service personnel, was so badly damaged – 135 bullet holes – that it was returned to the United States for repairs. The copter returned to Vietnam\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9944665\",\n \"text\": \"Doug Hegdahl Douglas Brent Hegdahl III (born September 3, 1946) is a former United States Navy officer who was held as a prisoner of war (POW) by North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. After an early release, he was able to provide the names and personal information of about 256 fellow POWs, as well as reveal the conditions of the prisoner-of-war camp. Hegdahl was born on September 3, 1946, and graduated from high school in Clark, South Dakota. On April 6, 1967, 20-year-old Hegdahl was knocked overboard by the blast from a 5-inch gun mount from the in the Gulf\",\n \"title\": \"Doug Hegdahl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9843817\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnam. On March 29, 1973, the last U.S. soldier left Vietnam. On 30 April 1975, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese troops. While Nixon's campaign used the phrase, as a rhetorical trope it has a very long pedigree of use by politicians as can be seen by the list below. Peace with Honor \\\"Peace with Honor\\\" was a phrase U.S. President Richard M. Nixon used in a speech on January 23, 1973 to describe the Paris Peace Accord to end the Vietnam War. The phrase is a variation on a campaign promise Nixon made in 1968: \\\"I pledge to you that\",\n \"title\": \"Peace with Honor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9152299\",\n \"text\": \"Burst of Joy Burst of Joy is a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by Associated Press photographer Slava \\\"Sal\\\" Veder, taken on March 17, 1973 at Travis Air Force Base in California. The photograph came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and the prevailing sentiment that military personnel and their families could begin a process of healing after enduring the horrors of war. The first group of POWs leaving the prison camps in North Vietnam left Hanoi on a U.S. Air Force Lockheed C-141 Starlifter strategic airlift aircraft nicknamed the Hanoi Taxi, which flew them to\",\n \"title\": \"Burst of Joy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"449081\",\n \"text\": \"fighting the War on Terror. The $115-million museum will be jointly operated by the Park Service and the Fund. Groundbreaking for the project occurred in November 2012, with the center expected to open in 2020. Items left at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial are collected by National Park Service employees and transferred to the NPS Museum Resource Center, which catalogs and stores all items except perishable organic matter (such as fresh flowers) and unaltered U.S. flags. The flags are redistributed through various channels. From 1992 to 2003, selected items from the collection were placed on exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution's National\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam Veterans Memorial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721428\",\n \"text\": \"more improvement. For critics and skeptics, the allegations fail to convincingly answer the question as to what reason the Vietnamese (and other neighboring countries) would have to hang on to living prisoners. They could have been returned post-war, or being inconvenient witnesses to abuse more easily simply murdered. Proponents of the theory often claimed that the prisoners were initially held back as part of a scheme to gain war reparations from the U.S., as cheap labor, or both, and then were continued to be held so that the Vietnamese would not have to admit to what they had done. Senator\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721433\",\n \"text\": \"the possibility that American POWs survived in Southeast Asia after Operation Homecoming, the committee said this: \\\"We acknowledge that there is no proof that U.S. POWs survived, but neither is there proof that all of those who did not return had died. There is evidence, moreover, that indicates the possibility of survival, at least for a small number, after Operation Homecoming.\\\" Committee vice-chairman Smith seemed to back away from the committee's findings within months of their being issued, appearing in April 1993 on \\\"Larry King Live\\\" with POW/MIA activist Bill Hendon, stressing his partial dissent from the majority report and\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"446891\",\n \"text\": \"a peak strength of about 1,000,000 soldiers in 1972. The official number of anticommunist Vietnamese personnel killed in action was 220,357. Following the communist victory on April 30, 1975, South Vietnamese veterans were rounded up and sent to reeducation camps, essentially forced labor camps in desolate areas. They were detained without trial for up to decades at a time. After being released, they and their children faced significant discrimination from the communist government. A significant proportion of the surviving South Vietnamese veterans left Vietnam for Western countries, either as boat people or through the Humanitarian Operation (HO). According to the\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam veteran\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2416133\",\n \"text\": \"American prisoners by 1 April 1973, and the last U.S. combat troops departed Vietnam on 11 August 1973. However, the war was not over for the Vietnamese. By spring 1975, the North was advancing on the South. \\\"Coral Sea\\\", , \\\"Hancock\\\", , and responded on 19 April 1975 to the waters off South Vietnam when North Vietnam overran two-thirds of South Vietnam. On 29–30 April 1975, Operation Frequent Wind was carried out by Seventh Fleet forces. Hundreds of U.S. personnel and Vietnamese were evacuated from Saigon to the ships of the Seventh Fleet lying off Vũng Tàu. South Vietnam surrendered\",\n \"title\": \"USS Coral Sea (CV-43)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15568818\",\n \"text\": \"Guy Gruters Captain Guy Dennis Gruters (born 1942) was a United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot best known for his survival for over five years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. He was one of the five hundred and ninety-one surviving POWs of all military services released in 1973 for return to the United States during Operation Homecoming. Guy Gruters was born in 1942 in Sarasota, Florida, but raised in New Jersey, where he spent his childhood trapping muskrat, camping, hunting and Scouting (Eagle Scout rank awarded). He won acceptance to the United States Air Force Academy\",\n \"title\": \"Guy Gruters\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10226048\",\n \"text\": \"National League of POW/MIA Families The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is concerned with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. According to the group's web site, its sole purpose is \\\"to obtain the release of all prisoners, the fullest possible accounting for the missing and repatriation of all recoverable remains of those who died serving our nation during the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia.\\\" The League's most prominent symbol is its famous POW/MIA flag. The League's origins date to groups created by Sybil Stockdale and a group\",\n \"title\": \"National League of POW/MIA Families\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721426\",\n \"text\": \"former U.S.S.R. and were kept in labor camps. We don't have complete data and can only surmise that some of them may still be alive.\\\" Ross Perot stated that he believed that hundreds of American servicemen were left behind in Southeast Asia at the end of the U.S. involvement in the war, and that government officials were covering up POW/MIA investigations in order to not reveal a drug smuggling operation used to finance a secret war in Laos. Retired United States Army General, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and current head of the American POW/MIA delegation in\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18566480\",\n \"text\": \"Air Force Skyraider flying towards him. Dieter signals the aircraft and is spotted by the pilot, Eugene Deatrick, who persists in calling a rescue despite the possibility that this could be a trap. On July 20, 1966, Dieter is finally rescued from his ordeal after 23 days in the jungle and six months after he was shot down. Dieter is reunited with his comrades on \\\"Ranger\\\" and begins the long recovery to health. His story of survival and endurance is widely reported in the press and celebrated by the U.S. government. Dieter is awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism.\",\n \"title\": \"Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15568823\",\n \"text\": \"Honor posthumously in 1976. Guy Gruters' story was described in the book, \\\"Bury Us Upside Down,\\\" \\\"Into the Mouth of the Cat\\\", and \\\"Misty: Fast FACS.\\\" Guy Gruters Captain Guy Dennis Gruters (born 1942) was a United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot best known for his survival for over five years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam. He was one of the five hundred and ninety-one surviving POWs of all military services released in 1973 for return to the United States during Operation Homecoming. Guy Gruters was born in 1942 in Sarasota, Florida, but raised in New\",\n \"title\": \"Guy Gruters\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8882742\",\n \"text\": \"1973, Gia Lam was the site of Operation Homecoming, the return of American POWs held by the North Vietnamese. The first repatriation, effected by the United States Air Force's Military Airlift Command, happened on February 12, 1973, when C-141s of the 63d Military Airlift Wing, flying from Clark Air Base in the Philippines, flew to Gia Lam and returned with a total of 116 former POWs. The first C-141 to return came to be known as the \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\", named after the writing on the flight engineer's panel by the POWs aboard the plane for the freedom flight. Arizona Senator\",\n \"title\": \"Gia Lam Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238095\",\n \"text\": \"resumed bombing of North Vietnam starting in April 1972, whose targets included the Hanoi area. The old-time POWs cheered even more during the intense \\\"Christmas Bombing\\\" campaign of December 1972, when Hanoi was subjected for the first time to repeated B-52 Stratofortress raids. Although its explosions lit the night sky and shook the walls of the camp, scaring some of the newer POWs, most saw it as a forceful measure to compel North Vietnam to finally come to terms. Of the 13 prisons used to incarcerate POWs, five were located in Hanoi, and the remainder were situated outside the city.\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7747529\",\n \"text\": \"to be replaced by the C-5 Galaxy aircraft being seconded from the regular Air Force. The \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\" is currently housed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, near Dayton, Ohio. For much of the late 1960s and early 1970s, 66-0177 flew out of Norton Air Force Base, San Bernardino, California with the 63rd Military Airlift Wing (MAW). The \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\" flew Bob Hope to USO shows in South Vietnam. The \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\" was used in 1973, in the final days of the Vietnam War, to repatriate American POWs from North Vietnam. The \\\"Hanoi Taxi\\\"'s name comes\",\n \"title\": \"Hanoi Taxi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9332474\",\n \"text\": \"Tet, but it was very evident that it was totally dependent on U.S. airpower for its survival. Meanwhile, the withdrawal of American troops, who numbered less than 100,000 at the beginning of the year, was continued as scheduled. By June only six infantry battalions remained. On August 12, the last American ground combat division left the country. However, the U.S. continued to operate the base At Long Binh. Combat patrols continued there until November 11 when the U.S. handed over the base to the South Vietnamese. After this, only 24,000 American troops remained in Vietnam and President Nixon announced that\",\n \"title\": \"Role of the United States in the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14425351\",\n \"text\": \"Nixon proposed that all US prisoners of war (POWs) be released and an internationally supervised cease fire take place. The U.S. would cease bombing and withdraw from South Vietnam within six months after those conditions were met. Nixon also announced the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese harbors, calculating correcting that he could take such a step without endangering the U.S.'s improving relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Nixon's action inspired an outbreak of anti-Vietnam War protests around the U.S. with 1,800 arrests of protesters reported. In one of the largest and most intense battles of the Easter\",\n \"title\": \"1972 in the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13531961\",\n \"text\": \"in defusing much of the passion that had surrounded the POW issue. The U.S. aid program in Vietnam expanded gradually through the 1990s, in step with the acceleration of the normalization process. In 1993, President Bill Clinton announced that the United States would no longer oppose international financial institution aid to Vietnam. The following year, President Clinton ordered an end to the U.S. trade embargo on Vietnam, a move that followed shortly after a vote in the Senate urging the embargo to be lifted. Ambassadors were exchanged in 1997. In Title II of the FY1991 Foreign Operations bill (P.L. 101-513)\",\n \"title\": \"United States assistance to Vietnam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13117095\",\n \"text\": \"the Vietnamese would not allow these to be designated by the POWs themselves. The senior officers made the decision that military bearing, structure, and rules would be followed. If any of the prisoners could not walk, they were to be carried by Americans, not the Vietnamese. The release sequence would be by order of capture, starting with the first person. It was mandated that every POW must know the name and capture date of the person ahead of them. If the Vietnamese did not follow sequence, everything would come to a standstill; thus, making sure no one would be left\",\n \"title\": \"Norman C. Gaddis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15435057\",\n \"text\": \"more troops. John Gorton took the Prime Minister position in January 1968. In June 1968, the government doubled the penalty for the burning of registration cards. In 1971, the government committed to a gradual but total withdrawal from Vietnam—following both Australian opinion and America's new policy. In 1972, all troops including the advisory team were ordered home from Vietnam. Draft resisters in jail were freed. The final birthday lottery was held September 22, 1972. On October 15, 1965, David J. Miller burned his draft card at a rally held near the Armed Forces Induction Center on Whitehall Street in Manhattan.\",\n \"title\": \"Draft-card burning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4100641\",\n \"text\": \"inside North Vietnam. The last USAF aircraft left South Vietnam at the end of January 1973, and the final group of American Prisoners of War were released from North Vietnam on 29 March 1973. The accords effectively ended United States military operations in North and South Vietnam. Laos and Cambodia, however, were not signatories to the Paris agreement and remained in states of war with their internal rebel forces. The United States was helping the Royal Laotian government achieve whatever advantage possible before working out a settlement with the Laotian communists and their allies. The USAF flew combat sorties over\",\n \"title\": \"Tactical Air Command\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"446893\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of Vietnam, from February 28, 1961 to May 7, 1975, as being eligible for such programs as the department's Readjustment Counseling Services program, also known as the Vet Centers. The Vietnam War was the last American war with conscription. Nationals of other nations fought in the American-led anti-communist coalition, usually as armed forces of allied nations, such as Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and South Korea, but sometimes as members of the US armed forces. Republic Of China (Taiwan), Spain and Philippines contributed assistance in non-combat roles. Australia deployed approximately three battalions of infantry, one regiment of Centurion tanks, three\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam veteran\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14430865\",\n \"text\": \"on the second helicopter. Additional helicopters were then sent to evacuate the Marine guards, under the command of Major James Kean, with the last eleven leaving the Embassy at 0753 hours. Master Sergeant Juan Valdez was the last Marine to board the last helicopter out of Saigon. The 420 people awaiting evacuation were abandoned. Twenty-five years of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam had ended. South Vietnamese air force Major Buang landed a small Cessna airplane on the landing deck of the . His wife and five children were aboard. American crew members applauded and took up a collection to\",\n \"title\": \"1975 in the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721396\",\n \"text\": \"action with no body recovered. Many of these were Airmen who were shot down over North Vietnam or Laos. Investigations of these incidents have involved determining whether the men involved survived being shot down. If they did not survive, then the U.S. government considered efforts to recover its soldiers' remains. POW/MIA activists played a role in pushing the U.S. government to improve its efforts in resolving the fates of these missing soldiers. Progress in doing so was slow until the mid-1980s, when relations between the U.S. and Vietnam began to improve and more cooperative efforts were undertaken. Normalization of U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2554382\",\n \"text\": \"February 1973. The last A-4 loss in the Vietnam War occurred on 26 September 1972, when USMC pilot Captain James P. Walsh, USMC of VMA-211, flying close air support from Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, was hit by ground fire during the Battle of An Lộc. Captain Walsh ejected safely and was the last U.S. Marine to be taken prisoner during the war. He was released as a POW on 12 February 1973. Although the first A-4Es were flown in Vietnam in early 1965, the A-4Cs continued to be used until late 1970. On 1 June 1965, the Chu\",\n \"title\": \"Douglas A-4 Skyhawk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11273626\",\n \"text\": \"McCain disputed Perot's notion that the U.S. had \\\"ransomed our prisoners out of Hanoi\\\" at the close of the war. Some of the most publicized testimony before the committee came in September 1992, when former Nixon Defense Secretaries Melvin Laird and James Schlesinger said that the U.S. government had believed in 1973 that some American servicemen had not been returned from Laos, despite Nixon's public statements to the contrary. Schlesinger said, \\\"As of now, I can come to no other conclusion. [But] that does not mean there are any alive today.\\\" Laird said in retrospect of Nixon's assurances that all\",\n \"title\": \"United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11537722\",\n \"text\": \"Ernest C. Brace Ernest Cary Brace (August 15, 1931 – December 5, 2014) was the longest-held civilian prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. A decorated Marine Corps fighter pilot and mustang, Brace was court-martialed in 1961 for attempting to fake his own death. He flew as a civilian contract pilot before being captured in Laos in 1965 while flying supplies for USAID. He spent almost eight years as a POW and upon his release received a Presidential Pardon in light of his good conduct. Brace was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1931. He enlisted in the Marine Corps\",\n \"title\": \"Ernest C. Brace\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3735366\",\n \"text\": \"effects of planned civil disobedience; South and North Vietnamese treatment of POWs and likelihood of mutual exchange without conditions. April 28, 1971. Testimony by Melville L. Stephens (former Navy Lt.) on the weaknesses of arguments for setting definite withdrawal date; U.S. responsibility to South Vietnamese people. Discussion followed regarding commitment to Vietnamese versus domestic commitment. May 3, 1971. Testimony by Secretary of State John N. Irwin and Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs William H. Sullivan on the review of Administration policy on ending U.S. participation in Vietnam war and repatriation of American POWs; opposition of announcement\",\n \"title\": \"Fulbright Hearings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18586813\",\n \"text\": \"goes back to the Australian historian, Lynette Silver. The land where the site located is a private property owned by Dr. Othman Minudin who have stated that the land should be \\\"forever\\\" remain as a memorial. The order also includes that the actual camp site will remain untouched by nature. The memorial stone was erected on 27 August 2009, handed over by the Minister of Tourism Datuk Masidi Manjun, by the land owner Dr. Othman and Lynette Silver as a representative of the members of the public. The memorial is located about 8 kilometres south of Ranau on the road\",\n \"title\": \"Last POW Camp Memorial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12721399\",\n \"text\": \"for the United States. The origins of the POW/MIA issue date back to during the war itself. Suffering from a lack of accurate intelligence sources inside North Vietnam, the U.S. never had solid knowledge for how many American prisoners of war were held. Indeed, the U.S. often relied upon possibly inaccurate North Vietnamese newspapers and radio broadcasts to find out who had been captured, as well as memorized lists of names brought out by the few American POWs given early release. As the Department of Defense built up lists of those in the categories of killed in action, killed in\",\n \"title\": \"Vietnam War POW/MIA issue\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10944683\",\n \"text\": \"Willis E. Forby, over North Vietnam. The HH-43 was hit by ground fire and crashed in the jungle. Curtis, Robinson, and Black were all captured by the North Vietnamese Army and taken to a POW camp in North Vietnam. They were later released during Operation Homecoming. Martin, on the other hand was captured by the Pathet Lao and taken to a POW camp in Laos. There, he joined fellow prisoners Eugene DeBruin (American), Phisit Intharathat, Prasit Promsuwan, Prasit Dhanee (all Thai), and Y.C. To (Chinese). They were joined in February 1966 by Dieter Dengler. On June 29, 1966, while the\",\n \"title\": \"Duane W. Martin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18772659\",\n \"text\": \"winter. After about a week, Shumaker had not relented, and he was forced to kneel for another week. Finally, he was kneeling on broom handles with boards on his shoulders. After a month the Vietnamese finally broke him and went on to the next POW. Shumaker was released in Operation Homecoming on February 12, 1973. He had been promoted to the rank of Commander during his captivity. His fellow POWs consider him as a resister, leader, and patriot. He was briefly hospitalised to recover from his injuries at Balboa Naval Hospital, from February to June 1973, and then attended the\",\n \"title\": \"Robert H. Shumaker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11637221\",\n \"text\": \"crown prince\\\". Two days after McCain's plane went down, that event and his status as a POW made the front pages of \\\"The New York Times\\\" and \\\"The Washington Post\\\". Interrogation and beatings resumed in the hospital; McCain gave the North Vietnamese his ship's name, squadron's name, and the attack's intended target. This information, along with personal details of McCain's life and purported statements by McCain about the war's progress, would appear over the next two weeks in the North Vietnamese official newspaper \\\"Nhân Dân\\\" as well as in dispatches from outlets such as the Cuban news agency Prensa Latina.\",\n \"title\": \"Early life and military career of John McCain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2990534\",\n \"text\": \"“Vietnam had advocates. This was an older generation, and they didn’t know who to turn to.” In 2008, investigators began to conduct searches on Tarawa atoll in the Pacific Ocean, trying to locate the remains of 139 American Marines, missing since the Battle of Tarawa in 1943. Between 2013 and 2016 the remains of 37 USMC were recovered from Tarawa. As of December 14, 2018, according to the U.S. Department of Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Accounting Office, there were still 72,776 U.S. servicemen and Civilians still unaccounted for from World War II. According to official US Department of Army and\",\n \"title\": \"Missing in action\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18029992\",\n \"text\": \"the 87th Academy Awards. It premiered on PBS television on April 28, 2015. During the chaotic final weeks of the Vietnam War, the North Vietnamese Army closes in on Saigon as the panicked South Vietnamese people desperately attempt to escape. On the ground, American soldiers and diplomats confront the same moral quandary: whether to obey White House orders to evacuate U.S. citizens only—or to risk punishment and save the lives of as many South Vietnamese citizens as they can. The events recounted in the film mainly center on the US evacuation of Saigon codenamed Operation Frequent Wind. Interviewees included Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Last Days in Vietnam\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19238092\",\n \"text\": \"by helicopter and assaulted the prison, but the American prisoners had been moved some months earlier and none were rescued. While the raid failed to free any POWs and was considered a significant intelligence failure, it had several positive implications for American prisoners. The most immediate effect was to affirm to the POWs that their government was actively attempting to repatriate them, which significantly boosted their morale. Additionally, soon after the raid all acknowledged American prisoners in North Vietnam were moved to Hỏa Lò so that the North Vietnamese had fewer camps to protect and to prevent their rescue by\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"705546\",\n \"text\": \"it had recaptured the territory that it had lost earlier. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thieu announced on 4 January that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1 billion a year to $700 million. By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek,\",\n \"title\": \"South Vietnam\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last pow released from vietnam"}}},{"rowIdx":291,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Toni Braxton","Teddy Bishop","Johntá Austin","Bryan-Michael Cox"],"string":"[\n \"Toni Braxton\",\n \"Teddy Bishop\",\n \"Johntá Austin\",\n \"Bryan-Michael Cox\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"8571183","text":"Just Be a Man About It \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton questions the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre plays the wayward lover breaking the news to her. According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith were originally considered to perform the speaking parts of the song. However, due to scheduling conflicts, it never","title":"Just Be a Man About It"},{"id":"8571187","text":"Dre questions Braxton about the man, she remains indifferent, causing him to give her the finger and leave. Just Be a Man About It \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton questions the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre plays the wayward lover breaking the news to her. According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith","title":"Just Be a Man About It"},{"id":"2723714","text":"of 194,448 copies sold, it remained in the top 20 for fifteen consecutive weeks. Braxton again worked with producers Babyface and Foster; also included in the staple were Rodney Jerkins, and new beau musician Keri Lewis. Braxton took a more hands-on approach, co-writing and co-producing a handful of the tracks. One selection on \"The Heat\", titled \"Gimme Some\", featured a rap verse from TLC star Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes. The album's second single, \"Just Be a Man About It\", peaked at number 32 on the Hot 100 and number six on the R&B Charts. The third single, \"Spanish Guitar\", peaked","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"13791362","text":"twelve, making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \"Just Be a Man About It\", which peaked at number six. In the UK, \"Yesterday\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \"Hit the Freeway\", peaking at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at number seventeen on the UK R&B Singles Chart. Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \"Yesterday\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \"Pulse\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\".","title":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"5415707","text":"Mona Lisa. Austin was signed in the mid-late 1990s to RCA Records before being dropped in favor of R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. However, he ended up writing a few songs for him (including the hit \"Sweet Lady\") as well as writing for other artists. In 1998, Austin co-wrote \"Miss You\" for Aaliyah's self-titled third studio album (2001), the track remained unreleased. Instead, it was later included on the posthumously released compilation album, \"I Care 4 U\" (2002). Austin co-wrote \"Just Be a Man About it\" for The Heat, third studio album for Toni Braxton. Austin co-wrote Mariah Carey's hit 2005","title":"Johntá Austin"},{"id":"2723729","text":"11, 2009 and features Trey Songz. It was released as the lead single from her sixth studio album \"Pulse\". \"Yesterday\" peaked at No. 12 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \"Just Be a Man About It\", which peaked at No. 6. The single has been released worldwide on May 3, 2010. In the UK, \"Yesterday\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \"Hit the Freeway\", peaking at No. 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at No. 17 on the UK R&B Singles Chart. The song","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"2723742","text":"This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \"Just Be a Man About It.\" The song also hit number 16 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/ Hip Hop Airplay chart. The second single from the album was called \"Where Did We Go Wrong?\" It peaked at No. 11 on the Adult R&B Songs chart. The album was nominated for World's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards. The album won for Best R&B Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. In September 2013, it was announced that Braxton","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"5416608","text":"songs \"He Can't Love U\" and \"Let's Get Married\". He contributed to Tamar Braxton's debut album, \"Tamar\" co-writing and producing \"Get None\" with musical partner Jermaine Dupri. He wrote and co-produced the second single \"Just Be a Man About It\" from Toni Braxton's third studio album, \"The Heat\". Michael-Cox worked with Usher contributing to \"Confessions\" co-writing and co-producing Billboard Hot 100 number one songs \"Burn\" and \"Confessions Part II\". Confessions won Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 2005 Grammy's. Confessions has been certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and, as of 2012, has sold 10,3 million","title":"Bryan-Michael Cox"},{"id":"15723529","text":"\"A Better Man\" from her fourth studio album, \"More Than a Woman\" (2002), \"Maybe\", a single from \"The Heat\" and an Hex Hector remix for \"Spanish Guitar\". In 2013, a new version of the compilation was released, with a different cover art and track list. The new edition contains the singles \"Another Sad Love Song\", \"I Don't Want To\" and \"Just Be a Man About It\", who were scrapped from the first edition, as well as Braxton's latest singles, \"Yesterday\" and \"Hands Tied\". Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth","title":"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton"},{"id":"7671048","text":"the United States for Braxton and the second single, \"Just Be a Man About It\", became a top-ten R&B hit. \"The Heat\" was certified double platinum by the RIAA and has sold four million copies worldwide. Braxton released her first Christmas album, \"Snowflakes\", the next year. Her fifth studio album \"More Than a Woman\" was released in 2002. In the United States the album charted within the top-twenty and also received a gold certification. In April 2003, Braxton left LaFace/Arista and signed a record deal with Blackground Records. \"Libra\", the first album release through them, debuted at number four on","title":"Toni Braxton discography"},{"id":"3922729","text":"and enjoying coed skinny-dipping. Third track, \"Spanish Guitar\" ,was written by Diane Warren (who wrote \"Un-Break My Heart\") and was considered a \"latin ballad\", inspired by \"Un-Break My Heart\". Lyrically, the song has the singer inviting an alluring stranger to play her \"through the night\" like a \"Spanish Guitar.\" The fourth track \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, with Toni once again questioning the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre playing the wayward lover breaking the news to her, while fifth track, \"Gimme Some\", features Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes and was named \"an","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"3922733","text":"was the song \"Just Be a Man About It\". It reached number 36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number six on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Outside of the US, \"Spanish Guitar\" was released as the album's second single on September 25, 2000 (initially LaFace Records did not release it as a single, due to the promotion of \"Just Be a Man About It\"). It achieved moderate success on the charts around the world, reaching the top 40 in Austria, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland. In the US, when it was released as the album's third single, \"Spanish Guitar\"","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"8571184","text":"happened. Dr. Dre was asked to appear on the song due to being in the studio next door while the song was being recorded. The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic called it \"an instant classic\" and picked it one of the best songs of the album, alongside \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and \"Spanish Guitar\". CD Universe wrote that \"[e]ven Dr. Dre's guest appearance on 'Just Be a Man About It' nods to the sensual recitatives and bedside manners of '70s love men like Barry White.\" Bog Roget wrote for Amazon that Braxton","title":"Just Be a Man About It"},{"id":"3922734","text":"only managed to reach number 98 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 20 on the Adult Contemporary and topped the Dance Music/Club Play Singles. The album's final single, \"Maybe\", achieved minor success on the R&B and dance charts, due to the cancelled racy video. \"The Heat\" received a positive reception from most music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic wrote that the album \"is a confident, assured, sexy effort that reaffirms Braxton's status as one of the finest contemporary mainstream soul singers.\" While praising the singles \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", \"Spanish Guitar\" and \"Just Be a Man About It\", he","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"2723697","text":"Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart in the United States, selling 10 million copies worldwide and","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"8571185","text":"\"delivers a tough take on reality with 'Just Be a Man About It,' which pits her against Dr. Dre in a breakup scenario that carries much more force than weightless trifles\". The music video for \"Just Be a Man About It\", directed by Bille Woodruff, opens with Braxton's boyfriend (played by rapper Dr. Dre, who also provides additional vocals to the track) leaving a Hawthorne, California, strip club named Bare Elegance, accompanied by a woman. He stops at a payphone to call up Braxton, who is in their apartment. She looks happy at first, but as he tells her not","title":"Just Be a Man About It"},{"id":"8571204","text":"with the guitar morphing into Braxton in his arms. Towards the end, he and Braxton have a dance scene together. The video was directed by Billie Woodruff, who also directed the videos for \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", and \"Just Be a Man About It\". Spanish Guitar (song) \"Spanish Guitar\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released on September 25, 2000, as the album's third single. The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster. It was never released as a commercial single","title":"Spanish Guitar (song)"},{"id":"10686140","text":"of Me\", as well as a few singles. Her single \"Let Me Return the Favor\" reached No. 82 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in November 1998, and her single \"Share the Love\" was remixed for clubs and peaked at No. 4 on the \"Billboard\" Dance Charts in June 1999. She has appeared as a back-up vocalist on many albums. Andrea Martin (musician) Andrea Monica Martin (born April 14, 1972 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and producer. She is primarily known for writing hit songs (often with longtime partner Ivan Matias) for artists like Toni Braxton (\"I","title":"Andrea Martin (musician)"},{"id":"20129388","text":"My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \"My Man\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and","title":"My Man (Tamar Braxton song)"},{"id":"2723760","text":"2012 because of \"minor health issues\" related to lupus. Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart in","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"20576335","text":"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \"Long as I Live\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on February 9, 2018. The song serves as the second single from Braxton's eighth studio album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Paul Boutin, and Antonio Dixon and produced by Dixon. The song received two Grammy nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. On February 27, 2018, Braxton appeared on the daytime show \"Loose Women\" to promote the single \"Long as I Live\" and her upcoming album \"Sex &","title":"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"3922724","text":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \"The Art of Love\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes. \"The Heat\" opened at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 with","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"2723703","text":"and introduced himself, saying he wanted to produce her. Although skeptical, Braxton decided to, in her words, \"take a chance\" and accepted. Braxton and her four sisters (Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar) began performing as The Braxtons in the late 1980s and were signed to Arista Records in 1989. Their first single, \"Good Life\", was released in 1990. Though the song was not successful, it attracted the attention of Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. Reid and Babyface recruited her to record a demo of \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\", a song that they had written for Anita Baker","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"2723699","text":"on the \"Billboard\" 200 and saw the success of its lead single, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", which reached number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and brought Braxton her sixth Grammy Award, for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Braxton's subsequent studio albums, \"More Than a Woman\" (2002), \"Libra\" (2005) and \"Pulse\" (2010), were released amid contractual disputes and health issues, including a lawsuit against her former manager for mismanaging her relationship with Arista Records. In 2014, Braxton and longtime collaborator Babyface released a duet album entitled \"Love, Marriage & Divorce\", which earned the duo an additional Grammy Award for Best","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"3922739","text":"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Heat\". Musicians Technical Artwork The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \"The Art of Love\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \"Left Eye\"","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"17703674","text":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton Artist Collection: Toni Braxton is the third greatest hits compilation by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released in 2004 by BMG Heritage Records, exclusively released for South America. The compilation was released at the same time that \"Platinum & Gold Collection\" was released. In addition to her most famous hits, such as \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"Breathe Again\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and others, the album collects some of Braxton's random tracks from her latest albums, \"The Heat\" (2000), \"Snowflakes of Love\" (2001) and \"More Than a Woman\" (2002). \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\" is Braxton's third compilation","title":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton"},{"id":"7671045","text":"Association of America (RIAA). It spawned four singles, including \"Breathe Again\", which peaked within the top-ten in the United States, Australia, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The album sold over ten million copies worldwide. Braxton's second studio album, \"Secrets\", was released in 1996. Featuring songwriting and production by Reid, Babyface, Diane Warren, R. Kelly and David Foster, the album peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was certified eight-times platinum by the RIAA. It also made the top-ten in many other countries including Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album","title":"Toni Braxton discography"},{"id":"2723708","text":"also topped the R&B singles chart for two weeks and saw similar success in Europe and Asia. The album's second single, \"Un-Break My Heart\", written and composed by Diane Warren, became the biggest hit of Braxton's career, spending 11 consecutive weeks at number one on the Hot 100 and also topping the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart for eleven weeks and the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart for four weeks. as well as reaching no 2 in the UK Other singles from the album included the double A-side \"I Don't Want To\"/\"I Love Me Some Him\" (which peaked at number","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"4937775","text":"Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. \"Toni Braxton\" debuted at number 36 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and later spent two non-consecutive weeks atop the chart as well as three non-consecutive weeks atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It has sold 5,135,000 copies in the United States and 10 million copies worldwide. The album was primarily produced by L.A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons. The first single, \"Another Sad Love Song\", peaked at numbers seven and two on the","title":"Toni Braxton (album)"},{"id":"17703675","text":"of greatest hits, released at the same time \"Platinum & Gold Collection\" was released, on October 12, 2004, being released specifically for South America. The compilation collects some of Braxton's biggest hits, such as \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\", \"Breathe Again\", \"Un-Break My Heart\" and \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", while many other songs are not singles, being found on her last three albums, \"The Heat\" (such as \"The Art of Love\"), \"Snowflakes\" (such as (Snowflakes of Love) and \"More Than a Woman\" (such as \"Lies, Lies, Lies\", \"Me and My Boyfriend\" and others). Andy Kellman of \"Allmusic\" states that the","title":"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton"},{"id":"13791356","text":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \"Yesterday\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \"Pulse\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\". Outside North America, the original version of the song was released, which features only Braxton's vocals. The song was a moderate success on \"Billboard\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at number twelve. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 50 on the Official UK Singles top 100 Chart and at number 17 on R&B Singles","title":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"6586555","text":"Please (Toni Braxton song) \"Please\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written by Scott Storch, Makeba Riddick, Vincent Herbert, and Kameron Houff for her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005), while production was chiefly helmed by Storch. One out of several songs on the album to feature a more hard-edged production, \"Please\" is a spare, mid-tempo R&B and hip-hop song with a heavy bottom and zippy strings. Lyrically, it that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. The track was released as the album's lead single to US rhythmic and urban AC radio","title":"Please (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"9809749","text":"version was composed with the songs from the compilation, with the exception of \"Spanish Guitar\", that is featured on the regular version, instead of the \"Royal Garden\" remix present on \"The Essential\". The singles \"I Love Me Some Him\" and \"Hit the Freeway weren't on the Brazilian edition. Andy Kellman of \"Allmusic\" gave to the compilation a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the album \"amounts to an expanded update of 2003's Ultimate Toni Braxton, nearly doubling the content and digging deeper into the discography of one of the biggest R&B artists of the '90s. With the","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"id":"20129391","text":"she was happy about not having to \"sell people on things that I want to do\". \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. Robinson had previously worked with Braxton on her 2000 eponymous debut album, co-writing and producing five songs. \"My Man\" was released on April 27, 2017, which was accompanied by an announcement on Braxton's official Instagram account. On her post, she encouraged her fans to use the hashtag \"#MyMan\" to share similar experiences regarding infidelity. A radio edit of the song was released on the same day. It was featured","title":"My Man (Tamar Braxton song)"},{"id":"16407857","text":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \"I Heart You\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same. The song received positive reviews, most critics commended the track for having a \"dance vibe\" and an \"anthemic chorus\". In 2011, Toni Braxton became an independent artist by parting ways with, her then manager, Vincent Herbert and signing","title":"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"4762123","text":"of her siblings including her sisters Toni, Traci, Towanda, and Trina, as well as her only brother Michael, Jr. In 2001, Braxton was married to her first husband, music producer Darrell \"Delite\" Allamby. Allamby was a songwriter and producer who worked with his frequent songwriting partner Lincoln \"Link\" Browder, as well as Silk, Busta Rhymes and Gerald Levert. The two met while Allamby worked on her 2000 debut album's tracks \"Money Can't Buy Me Love\" and \"Once Again\". The couple divorced in 2003 after two years of marriage. In 2003, Tamar began dating Vincent Herbert, a record executive whom she","title":"Tamar Braxton"},{"id":"6586762","text":"Hit the Freeway \"Hit the Freeway\" is a song by the American recording artist Toni Braxton, released as the lead-single from her fourth studio album, \"More Than a Woman\" (2002). The song, which features American rapper Loon, was written by Pharrell Williams and Loon himself, while production was handled by Pharrell's production duo The Neptunes. It is an R&B and hip-hop song, with lyrics about an ex trying to rekindle with Braxton, but Braxton claims she's not interested in him anymore. The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised its catchiness and contagiousness, and picked it as","title":"Hit the Freeway"},{"id":"10686139","text":"Andrea Martin (musician) Andrea Monica Martin (born April 14, 1972 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and producer. She is primarily known for writing hit songs (often with longtime partner Ivan Matias) for artists like Toni Braxton (\"I Love Me Some Him\"), Monica (\"Before You Walk Out of My Life\"), Angie Stone (\"Wish I Didn't Miss You\"), En Vogue (\"Don't Let Go (Love)\"), SWV (\"You're the One\"), and Leona Lewis (\"Better in Time\"). Martin worked with \"The X Factor\" 2008 winner Alexandra Burke on a song for her debut album \"Overcome\". In 1998, Martin released \"The Best","title":"Andrea Martin (musician)"},{"id":"11827064","text":"Braxton released a song “Lifeline” as the official lead single from her second album, “On Earth”, which was released on August 24, 2018. She was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton, Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton has an older brother Michael, Jr. (born in 1968) and four sisters, Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Trina (born in 1974), and Tamar (born","title":"Traci Braxton"},{"id":"2723753","text":"Carey and Whitney Houston. Over the span of her career Braxton has sold over 66 million records, including 40 million albums, worldwide. Braxton's musical catalog contains many classics that have won her many accolades. Her greatest is \"Un-Break My Heart\", the Diane Warren-penned ballad that spent 11-weeks at number 1. Bob McCann, author of \"Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television\" (2010), considered it \"simply one of the most haunting R&B records ever made.\" Reviewer Mark Edward Nero named it one of the best R&B break-up songs and considered it Braxton's \"finest moment\". He further commented, \"damn, this","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"8566042","text":"Love Shoulda Brought You Home \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\" is the debut solo single by American singer Toni Braxton. It was written by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, and Bo Watson and produced by Edmonds and Simmons along with L.A. Reid. Originally featured on the soundtrack to the romantic comedy film \"Boomerang\" (1992), the song was later included on Braxton's self titled debut album \"Toni Braxton\" (1993). The single became a top 40 hit the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charting at number thirty-three and her second consecutive top five hit on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charting at number four. \"Love","title":"Love Shoulda Brought You Home"},{"id":"9809748","text":"Makin' Me High\", \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" and others, the first disc contains \"Tell Me\", from her 2002 album \"More Than a Woman\" and \"Give U My Heart\", a duet with Babyface to the soundtrack of the 1992 film \"Boomerang\". The second disc contains some singles who performed very moderate on charts, such as \"Hit the Freeway\", many songs from her 1996 album \"Secrets\", the duet with Il Divo, \"The Time of Our Lives\", remixes from her remix compilation, \"\", as well as her first single with her sisters, The Braxtons, called \"Good Life\". The track list for the Brazilian","title":"The Essential Toni Braxton"},{"id":"8571094","text":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"Suddenly\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"Sundown\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.","title":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"8571093","text":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \"Suddenly\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \"Libra\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \"\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \"Sundown\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.","title":"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"19535661","text":"Hurt You \"Hurt You\" is a song by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface released on August 17, 2013. The song serves as the lead single from the collaborative studio album \"Love, Marriage & Divorce\" (2014). Written by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, Toni Braxton, Antonio Dixon and produced by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. During early February 2013, Braxton appeared on Good Morning America and The Wendy Williams Show to promote her new movie role in the Lifetime Movie \"Twist of Faith\", also confirming the rumors of her retirement, revealing that she was retiring from music and stating that she","title":"Hurt You"},{"id":"2723711","text":"bankruptcy. Public reaction to these events was very harsh, having been expressed most clearly in an interview on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show.\" Upon successfully filing for bankruptcy, Braxton relinquished the rights to many of her valued possessions, including the Grammys and American Music Awards she had previously been granted. Braxton has appeared in two Disney Broadway shows: She made her Broadway debut as Belle in \"Beauty and the Beast\" beginning September 9, 1998 when she replaced Kim Huber. During her run in the show Alan Menken wrote and composed a new song for the musical, titled \"A Change in Me\",","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"19284515","text":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from Braxton's book \"Toni Braxton Unbreak My Heart a Memoir\" and her most notable hit \"Un-Break My Heart\". The film stars Lex Scott Davis as Toni Braxton, Debbi Morgan as Evelyn Braxton, Skye P. Marshall as Towanda Braxton, Tiffany Hines as Tamar Braxton and Gavin Houston as Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis Hall and written","title":"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart"},{"id":"10485220","text":"Good Life (The Braxtons song) \"Good Life\" is a 1990 single by The Braxtons, featuring Toni Braxton and her four sisters: Towanda, Trina, Traci Braxton, and Tamar Braxton. \"Good Life\", written by the German songwriting/production team Klarmann/Weber, was Toni Braxton's first professional recording. Toni Braxton and her sisters signed with Arista Records as The Braxtons in 1989. In 1990, they released \"Good Life\", their first and only single as a fivesome. The single, backed with \"Family\" as a B-side, reached #79 on the Billboard Hot Black Single charts. The song wasn't a major hit but it caught the attention of","title":"Good Life (The Braxtons song)"},{"id":"7671043","text":"Toni Braxton discography The discography of American recording artist Toni Braxton consists of eight studio albums, five extended plays, six compilation albums, two remix albums, thirty singles (including three featured singles) and twenty-two music videos. Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland on October 7, 1967. Her mother, an opera vocalist, encouraged Braxton and her four sisters to sing in church at a young age. In 1990, songwriter Bill Pettaway discovered the sisters and helped them obtain a record deal with Arista Records, as the group titled The Braxtons; the group's debut single, \"Good Life\", was released the same year. Although","title":"Toni Braxton discography"},{"id":"2723701","text":"sister, Tamar, \"Tamar & Vince\". In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Toni Michelle Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton is the eldest of six siblings. She has a younger brother Michael Jr. (born 1968) and four younger sisters Traci (born 1971), Towanda (born 1973), Trina (born 1974), and Tamar (born","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"7671047","text":"release from her record contract. However, LaFace countersued, a move which prompted Braxton to file for bankruptcy. She spent the next year in a state of oblivion, but reached an agreement with LaFace the year after. Her third studio album, \"The Heat\", was released in April 2000. The album debuted at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and topped the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It also reached number one in Canada and charted within the top-ten in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The lead single, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", became another top-five Hot 100 hit in","title":"Toni Braxton discography"},{"id":"8566887","text":"music video filmed, it has become one of Braxton's most requested singles. As such, it was included on her 2003 singles collection \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\". I Love Me Some Him \"I Love Me Some Him\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her second studio album, \"Secrets\" (1996). Written by Andrea Martin and Gloria Stewart and produced by the Danish duo Soulshock & Karlin, the song was released as the flipside to the album's third single, \"I Don't Want To\", solely in the United States, while international versions of \"I Don't Want To\" did not include \"I","title":"I Love Me Some Him"},{"id":"4938219","text":"Braxton released her first compilation album, \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\", in 2003. Later, in 2004, BMG Heritage Records released her second greatest hits compilation, titled \"Platinum & Gold\" compilation. The collection includes 12 tracks, such as her hits \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", \"Another Sad Love Song,\" \"Breathe Again,\" \"You Mean the World to Me,\" \"Un-Break My Heart,\" but not \"You're Makin' Me High\". The album also features the non-single \"A Better Man\", taken from \"More Than a Woman\". Jason Birchmeier of \"Allmusic\" gave the compilation 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that, \"\"Platinum & Gold Collection\" rounds up and remasters most","title":"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"2723072","text":"Pop Songwriter of the Year trophy seven times and a total of 51 BMI Awards, which includes Song of the Year for his Toni Braxton hit, \"Breathe Again\", in 1994. Babyface was honored with the 2,508th star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 10, 2013. The star is located at 6270 Hollywood Boulevard. On October 18, 2018, he was conferred with an honorary doctorate degree from Indiana University Bloomington in recognition of his illustrious career in music. Babyface (musician) Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer.","title":"Babyface (musician)"},{"id":"5022253","text":"songwriter for Screen Gems Publishing, where she collaborated with several other artists before teaming up with Carole Bayer Sager. They wrote the song \"A Groovy Kind of Love,\" which was recorded by The Mindbenders in 1966 (after the group split with Wayne Fontana) and reached the top of the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. She also recorded as a solo artist in this period. Wine became a member of The Archies in 1969, along with Jeff Barry, Bobby Bloom, and Ron Dante. In 1970 she co-wrote \"Candida\", which she recorded with Linda November and Tony Orlando. This was followed by","title":"Toni Wine"},{"id":"19535665","text":"Braxton and Babyface appeared on Arsenio Hall Show on November 22, 2013 performing \"Hurt You\". They also appeared on The Steve Harvey Morning Show on February 3, 2014 and The Ellen Degeneres Show on May 9, 2014 performing \"Hurt You\". Hurt You \"Hurt You\" is a song by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface released on August 17, 2013. The song serves as the lead single from the collaborative studio album \"Love, Marriage & Divorce\" (2014). Written by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, Toni Braxton, Antonio Dixon and produced by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds. During early February 2013, Braxton appeared","title":"Hurt You"},{"id":"9019156","text":"A Change in Me \"A Change in Me\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical \"Beauty and the Beast\", a stage adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. The song was written specifically for American singer Toni Braxton when she joined the production to play the role of Belle in 1998, four years into the musical's run. Menken and Rice wrote \"A Change in Me\" to appease Braxton after Rice promised the singer, who was hesitant to sign her contract, that he would write an entirely new song for","title":"A Change in Me"},{"id":"14317431","text":"Make My Heart \"Make My Heart\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton. It contains an interpolation from \"We're Going to a Party\" (1977) by Evelyn \"Champagne\" King. Written by Lucas Secon, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Freeman, Aubreya Gravatt, Theodore Life, Jr. and produced by Lucas Secon for Braxton's sixth studio album \"Pulse\" (2010), it was released on February 23, 2010 as the album's third and final single. In a review of the album Pulse BBC.co.uk stated \"The brass-infused Make My Heart sees Braxton singing higher than her comfortable range, and Lookin’ At Me draws too obviously on Beyoncé's Halo,","title":"Make My Heart"},{"id":"6284807","text":"a mixed review for Slant Magazine, writing that \"while Braxton meshed impeccably with her hip-hop counterparts on \"More Than A Woman\", her collaboration with Rich Harrison sounds forced, even desperate. And with the Babyface and Daryl Simmons-penned \"I Wanna Be (Your Baby)\", the team that once delivered multiple R&B classics all on one Braxton record struggles to produce just one for their old friend here.\" \"Libra\" debuted at number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 for the issue dated ending October 5, with 114,000 copies sold. Braxton's fourth top five entry, it marked a significant lift for the singer, whose","title":"Libra (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"7309845","text":"Braxton's signature songs, peaking at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where the single stood for several weeks, and number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs for four weeks. As of 2017, this song is her last Top 10 appearance on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. An accompanying music video was released for the single. The song earned Braxton her sixth Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 2001. \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" was released as the lead single from Braxton's studio album \"The Heat\" (2000). The song was written by Rodney Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels,","title":"He Wasn't Man Enough"},{"id":"2723704","text":"for the soundtrack of Eddie Murphy's film, \"Boomerang\". Baker, who was pregnant at the time, did not record the song but suggested, that Braxton record it. Her recording was later included on the soundtrack along with \"Give U My Heart\", a duet by Braxton and Babyface. Braxton, meanwhile, was signed to Reid and Edmonds' Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records, and immediately began recording her solo debut album. On July 13, 1993, LaFace Records released Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\". The album, which was primarily produced by Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, peaked at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"2723751","text":"for R&B audiences, but smooth enough for adult contemporary; sophisticated enough for adults, but sultry enough for younger listeners; strong enough in the face of heartbreak to appeal to women, but ravishing enough to nab the fellas.\" Braxton began her career singing traditional R&B and soft rock ballads and love songs on her debut and second albums. However, hip-hop soul and dance music elements begun to get spun into her sound on \"The Heat\", \"More Than a Woman\", and \"Pulse\". She also showcased her classical training while performing in Broadway plays \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Aida\" as well as","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"5022251","text":"Toni Wine Toni Wine (born June 4, 1947 in Washington Heights, New York City, United States) is an American pop music songwriter, who wrote songs for such artists as The Mindbenders (\"A Groovy Kind of Love\"), Tony Orlando and Dawn (\"Candida\"), Elvis Presley, and Checkmates, Ltd. (\"Black Pearl\") in the late 1960s and 1970s. Wine also sang the female vocals for the cartoon music group The Archies, most notably on their #1 hit song \"Sugar, Sugar\" (singing the line, \"I'm gonna make your life so sweet\"). However, she did not sing the lead vocal in the song \"Jingle Jangle\", but","title":"Toni Wine"},{"id":"7309844","text":"He Wasn't Man Enough \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" is a song by American R&B recording artist and songwriter Toni Braxton and released by LaFace Records on March 7, 2000 as the lead single from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). The song was produced by Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins. \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" is an uptempo dance-pop and R&B inspired song that differs in genre from Braxton's previous ballads. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised it as one of Braxton's best works. \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" had international success and became one of","title":"He Wasn't Man Enough"},{"id":"2723715","text":"at number 98 on the Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Dance & Club charts. The fourth single, \"Maybe\", peaked at 74 on the R&B charts. \"The Heat\" was certified double platinum in the U.S. and, by 2002, had sold over 4 million copies worldwide. \"The Heat\" was nominated for many awards. At the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards, the album's lead-single, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", was nominated for Best R&B Song and eventually won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, while the album itself was nominated for Best R&B Album. She was also nominated for","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"4994315","text":"\"Somebody get me some toilet paper!\" Each sister and brother Michael soon after went in the bathroom and began singing the \"Toilet Paper Song.\" The Braxtons credit this incident as their first song-writing experience and the first time that they harmonized as a group. Growing up, they sang in the choir at several churches and toured the East Coast with their religious parents singing at various events. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \"Good Life\". It would be their only single as","title":"The Braxtons"},{"id":"14317433","text":"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on April 27, 2010. The music video for \"Make My Heart\" was directed by Bille Woodruff and shot back-to-back with the video for \"Hands Tied,\" also directed by Woodruff. It was premiered on April 13, 2010. Braxton's sisters Towanda Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Traci Braxton, and Trina Braxton make cameo appearances in the video. Credits adapted from \"Pulse\" liner notes. Make My Heart \"Make My Heart\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton. It contains an interpolation from \"We're Going to a Party\" (1977) by Evelyn \"Champagne\" King. Written by Lucas Secon, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Freeman,","title":"Make My Heart"},{"id":"7076701","text":"to his fourth album \"Take a Back Road\", was released in April 2011. It became his sixth number 1 late in the year, and accounted for his highest placement on the Hot 100, at number 23. The song was co-written by Luke Laird and Rhett Akins, the latter of whom co-wrote \"Farmer's Daughter\". \"He's Mine\" was the album's second single. The song was originally recorded by Billy Ray Cyrus, and Atkins chose to release it because it received positive reactions from fans in concert. It peaked at number 23 on the country chart in April 2012. \"Just Wanna Rock N'","title":"Rodney Atkins"},{"id":"7311761","text":"Gant, Melvin Gentry, Bo Watson, and Bobby Lovelace, with Bill Simmons sometimes joining as well. Outside of Midnight Star, a few band members have contributed to other projects. Bo Watson co-wrote a few songs for singer Toni Braxton. He co-wrote the Babyface duet \"Give U My Heart\" and \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\" from the \"Boomerang\" soundtrack as well as the song \"Spending My Time With You\" on Braxton's self-titled debut. Watson also helped write other songs such as \"Turn Down the Lights\" for Shanice, \"Rock Steady\" for The Whispers and \"Meeting in the Ladies' Room\" for Klymaxx. Reggie and","title":"Midnight Star"},{"id":"3922727","text":"in January 2000, during an interview with CNN.com, Toni revealed that the album was going to be released in March 2000, while stating, \"Some of the producers on the album are, of course Babyface, R. Kelly, David Foster, Keith Crouch and Keri Lewis of Mint Condition, just to name a few,\" while also revealing collaborations with Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes from TLC and Dr. Dre. \"The Heat\" is built on solid ballads and smoldering, mid-tempo dance numbers, as noted by AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Colin Ross of \"PopMatters\" noted that, \"By taking a more active role in the writing and","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"17729456","text":"The music video was released on Braxton and Babyface's joint VEVO account October 11, 2013. On December 14, 2013 \"Hurt You\" rose to the number 1 spot on Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart for four weeks. The song spent 41 weeks on the Adult R&B Songs chart before exiting the Top 20 Chart. This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \"Just Be a Man About It\". The song also hit number 16 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip Hop Airplay chart.<ref name=\"Hot R&B/Hip Hop Airplay chart\"></ref> \"Where Did We Go","title":"Love, Marriage & Divorce"},{"id":"3922725","text":"199,000 copies sold in its first week. It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on October 13, 2000, with sales of over 2.2 million copies in the United States. Additionally, the album was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards, while lead single \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" won for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song. After the success of her second studio album, \"Secrets\" (1996), which spawned Braxton's signature song and biggest commercial success of her career, \"Un-Break My Heart\", and sold over 15 million","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"4695839","text":"Records. Jon B's early influences as a musician include: Duran Duran, Inxs, Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, Babyface, Prince and Sade. He spent the summer after high school writing, producing and recording 40 songs and began making his rounds to all major record labels. Jon B., prior to his rise to fame, used to be a songwriter and wrote songs for After 7, Toni Braxton, Michael Jackson, Color Me Badd, the Spice Girls and others. Jon B.'s popularity began in the mid-1990s, he released his debut studio album in 1995 entitled \"Bonafide\"; the album spawned the popular hit and Grammy-nominated single","title":"Jon B."},{"id":"4937942","text":"More Than a Woman (album) More Than a Woman is the fifth studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on November 18, 2002, by Arista Records. The album contained both hip hop and urban adult contemporary sounds, as well as some softer and more contemporary melodies. Throughout the project, Braxton worked with her sister Tamar and husband Keri Lewis on most of the songs, who had written and produced material for her previous album. She also worked with hip hop producers and rappers such as Irv Gotti, The Neptunes, Mannie Fresh and Loon, as well as Rodney","title":"More Than a Woman (album)"},{"id":"8571186","text":"to wait up for him that night alleging he needs space, her facial expression suddenly changes. The following scenes show Braxton wandering about the apartment, talking on the phone, standing next to the balcony, lying on a couch, and throwing objects such as vases and a picture frame containing a photo of Dre. At one point, Dre hangs up on Braxton, which infuriates her. Toward the end of the video, a man (Q-Tip) shows up to visit Braxton; they hug each other and proceed to cuddle on the couch, much to Dre's annoyance by the time he arrives home. When","title":"Just Be a Man About It"},{"id":"4762122","text":"music video of \"Love It\" from her 2015 album \"Calling All Lovers\". On the 26, she released the music video of \"Wanna Love You Boy\", from her last album \"Bluebird of Happiness\". On the 29, she released the music video of \"Pieces\", from her 2013 album \"Love and War\". In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the upcoming film \"Gangland\" from Jean-Claude La Marre. Braxton possesses a four-octave soprano vocal range. She lists Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Kim Burrell, and her eldest sister, Toni Braxton, as some of her influences. Braxton is the youngest","title":"Tamar Braxton"},{"id":"3922732","text":"when?, where?, how?, who?, what?\", made you go off and do this crazy thing. The album's lead single, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", was released on March 17, 2000, to critical acclaim, and won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. It was also a success on the charts, where it peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Elsewhere, it topped the Canadian Singles Chart, while reaching the top 10 in Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album's second single in the US","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"18929753","text":"on the song's genre. The track was described as a \"ratchet club banger\" and one of the album's \"silly dance numbers\" by a writer for \"Rap-Up\" and Kevin C. Johnson of the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\", respectively. Idolator's Mike Wass referenced it as a \"upbeat, funk-heavy track\". When performing the single, she described it as dealing with how to maintain a relationship with one's partner; she explained: \"Ladies and gents, that's how you get 'em, keeping 'em is a different story.\" Some of the lyrics include: “Give your man what he dreamin’ about.” In the hook, Braxton sings: \"He want that","title":"Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song)"},{"id":"19535663","text":"studio album after a number of singers and friends including Anita Baker, Prince, Missy Elliott, Madonna and Barbra Streisand had reached out to her not to retire the music business. The song debuted at number 17 on Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart on September 7, 2013, later rising to the number 1 spot on December 14, 2013 for four weeks. The song spent 41 weeks on the Adult R&B Songs chart before exiting the Top 20 Chart. This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \"Just Be a Man","title":"Hurt You"},{"id":"8566232","text":"Breathe Again \"Breathe Again\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her \"self-titled debut album\" (1993). Written by Babyface and produced by L. A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, the ballad was released as the album's second single, garnering heavy airplay during the summer and autumn of 1993, which resulted in it being the most successful single released from the album. The single peaked at number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Adult Contemporary charts. The song reached number two on the UK charts in January 1994.","title":"Breathe Again"},{"id":"8571213","text":"Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \"Maybe\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \"Maybe\", directed by Chris Robinson, remained unreleased as Braxton felt it was too risqué. The treatment saw Braxton arriving home from the 2001 Grammy Awards ceremony after winning the award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"He Wasn't Man Enough\". She enters in the infamous dress and begins to undress while","title":"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"7671050","text":"spanning over two decades, Braxton has accumulated sales of 68 million records worldwide. Toni Braxton discography The discography of American recording artist Toni Braxton consists of eight studio albums, five extended plays, six compilation albums, two remix albums, thirty singles (including three featured singles) and twenty-two music videos. Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland on October 7, 1967. Her mother, an opera vocalist, encouraged Braxton and her four sisters to sing in church at a young age. In 1990, songwriter Bill Pettaway discovered the sisters and helped them obtain a record deal with Arista Records, as the group titled The","title":"Toni Braxton discography"},{"id":"20333006","text":"Bluebird of Happiness (album) Bluebird of Happiness is the fifth and final studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton, released on September 29, 2017, through LoganLand Records and Entertainment One. The album has been preceded by the release of four singles—\"My Man\" followed by \"Blind\" and then \"The Makings of You\" and \"Wanna Love You Boy\". The album is a success reached the top 1 at the \"Billboard\" Independent and reached 5 on the Us Top Albums Sales. On January 17, 2017, Braxton announced during an interview with Hollywood Today regarding her upcoming fifth studio album \"this album for","title":"Bluebird of Happiness (album)"},{"id":"3922728","text":"production of the set, Toni's material begins to be constructed around her voice rather than the latest producer's sound.\" The album's first single and opening track, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\", was written and produced by Rodney Jerkins. The R&B song, with synth-funk bassline and Jerkins' taut beats and harp, has Toni warning a female friend not to marry a man the singer knows all too well and that came back begging for forgiveness. On the title track, \"The Heat\", co-written by Keri Lewis, was described as \"an infectious mid-tempo groove.\" Lyrically, the song talks about wanting to \"get it on\"","title":"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"20346411","text":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \"Deadwood\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \"Deadwood\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \"The Insider\", Braxton confirmed the title of her upcoming eighth studio album \"Sex &","title":"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"2723733","text":"was recorded on February 1, 2010. Music legends Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie act as Executive Producers as well as Wyclef Jean. Artists involved included Celine Dion, Barbra Streisand, Janet Jackson, Tony Bennett, Wyclef Jean, Josh Groban, Pink, Usher, Mary J. Blige, Jennifer Hudson, Adam Levine, Justin Bieber, LL Cool J, among others. According to Braxton, via a lawsuit, TMZ, and VH1's Behind the Music, after her \"Toni Braxton: Revealed\" show was abruptly cancelled back in 2008, the insurance agency, Lloyd's of London refused to honor her policy that she purchased for upwards of $70,000 that included financial compensations for","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"6586559","text":"Riddick, Kameron Houff, and Vincent Herbert, with production being handled by Storch. A frequent collaborator, Herbert had co-written and produced her 1994 hit \"How Many Ways. Vocal production was overseen by Keri Lewis, while Braxton's younger sister Tamar, Riddick, Kim Johnson and Keri Hilson all provided background vocals on \"Please\". Musically, \"Please\" is an upbeat R&B and hip-hop song that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. Braxton starts the song singing, \"I know you watching all over here, trying to find a way to come into my situation, because you should know that it is so","title":"Please (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"3724876","text":"Bob Marley song \"Stir It Up\" (#53 R&B) for the \"Cool Runnings\" soundtrack that same year. King's next single, \"Shy Guy\", co-written and produced by Andy Marvel was released in 1995. The song, which only took them 10 minutes to write, became a hit, reaching #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and being certified gold by the RIAA in the U.S.; the single also hit #2 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as reaching #1 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles chart, going on to sell nearly five million singles worldwide. \"Shy Guy\" was also ranked by the Japanese","title":"Diana King"},{"id":"2723749","text":"Lifetime Movie Network January 22, 2018. The second single \"Long as I Live\" was released on February 9, 2018. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \"Broken Things\" On October 23, 2018, Braxton announced a joint tour with SWV, As Long As I Live Tour for 2019. Toni and her sister Towanda are the stars on the christmas tv movie \"Every Day is Christmas\" which premiered on the Lifetime Movie Network November 24, 2018. The album \"Sex & Cigarettes\" is nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"2723707","text":"the first album without being musically redundant.\" Along with Babyface, Braxton also worked with R. Kelly, Tony Rich, and David Foster on the album. Braxton co-produced the album and co-wrote two of its songs, including the 1997 single \"How Could an Angel Break My Heart\", which was also later included on \"Diana Princess of Wales Tribute,\" a Princess Diana memorial album. With help from the album's first single, \"You're Makin' Me High\", which became Braxton's first number-one hit on the Hot 100 singles chart, the album peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. \"You're Makin' Me High\"","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"13791360","text":"solo version and one for the remix featuring Trey Songz. Filming the video for the single started on October 8, 2009 in Los Angeles with director Bille Woodruff (known for such classic Braxton videos as \"Un-Break My Heart\" and \"He Wasn't Man Enough\"). Photos from the video were revealed on her official website on October 28 and show Braxton playing a piano, and Songz playing her boyfriend. The video premiered on \"The Wendy Williams Show\" on November 20, 2009. The video features singer Brooke Hogan as well as basketball players Shannon Brown and Ron Artest from the Los Angeles Lakers.","title":"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)"},{"id":"7003359","text":"David Porter (musician) David Porter (born November 21, 1941) is an American record producer, songwriter, singer, entrepreneur and philanthropist. Porter was a 2005 inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, with catalog sales exceeding 300 million units. In 2015, \"Rolling Stone\" listed him among the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He is best known for songwriting, having written Sam & Dave's \"Soul Man\" (1968 Grammy winner), Mariah Carey's \"Dreamlover\" (1993 Grammy winner), Will Smith's \"Gettin' Jiggy wit It\" (1999 Grammy winner), and Sam & Dave's \"Hold On, I'm Comin'\". He is also the founder of the Memphis-based Consortium MMT,","title":"David Porter (musician)"},{"id":"8566400","text":"out of the Australian Singles Chart. Credits taken from Discogs website. You Mean the World to Me \"You Mean the World to Me\" is the fourth single from Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\" (1993). Written by Babyface, L.A. Reid, and Daryl Simmons, the track was released in April 1994. It was a radio hit, peaking at number 3 on both the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Airplay (Radio Songs) and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, and at number 7 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The music video for You Mean the World to Me was directed by Lionel","title":"You Mean the World to Me"},{"id":"2723718","text":"the Freeway\", failed at radio and peaked at number 86 on the Hot 100. The two singles, that followed (\"A Better Man\", \"Lies, Lies, Lies\") were scrapped, failed to make a dent and missed the Hot 100 completely. \"More Than a Woman\" was certified gold by RIAA and sold more than 800,000 copies worldwide. Prior to the release of the album, a dispute erupted between Braxton and Irv Gotti, when he played a rough cut of \"No More Love\", a song that he produced for the album, that was to be the first single. Disapproving of Gotti broadcasting the unfinished","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"6284795","text":"four million copies worldwide and produced the Grammy Award-winning uptempo hit single \"He Wasn't Man Enough.\" The following year, Braxton released the commercially unrecognized Christmas album \"Snowflakes\" (2001) and began work on her next album \"More Than a Woman\". A continuation of \"The Heat\", it saw her reteaming with a variety of famed hip hop producers and rappers such as Irv Gotti, The Neptunes, Mannie Fresh, and Loon in favor of a \"harder sound.\" In September 2002, while gearing up for the release of the album, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child and she was subsequently forced","title":"Libra (Toni Braxton album)"},{"id":"2723705","text":"albums chart. The first single, \"Another Sad Love Song\", peaked at number seven and number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts respectively. The album's second single, \"Breathe Again\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B singles charts and no 2 in the UK. More singles from \"Toni Braxton\" were released in 1994, including \"You Mean the World to Me\", \"Seven Whole Days\", and \"I Belong to You/How Many Ways\". Braxton's debut album won her several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female","title":"Toni Braxton"},{"id":"3465691","text":"group after the commercial and critical success of \"Sons of Soul\". According to vocalist and bassist Raphael Wiggins, each member had pursued individual music projects, and \"the group was trying to figure out where everybody's time, space and head was at.\" He, D'wayne Wiggins, and Timothy Christian Riley worked on songwriting and production for other recording artists during the band's hiatus, including D'Angelo, En Vogue, Karyn White, Tevin Campbell, and A Tribe Called Quest. Raphael Wiggins adopted the surname \"Saadiq\" for his professional name in 1994—\"man of his word\" in Arabic—and released his solo single \"Ask of You\" in 1995.","title":"Tony! Toni! Toné!"},{"id":"20863230","text":"On Earth On Earth is the second studio album by American singer Traci Braxton. The album was released on August 24, 2018 through Soul World Entertainment. The album was preceded by the release of one single — \"Lifeline\" and one promotional single \"Broken Things\" featuring Toni Braxton, Towanda Braxton and Trina Braxton. The album features production for Dave \"DaveyBoy\" Lindsey (Monica, Missy Elliott) and production duo Chris N Teeb (Jennifer Lopez, Danity Kane). Following the release of her debut studio album Crash & Burn (2014), work began on her second studio album in late 2015. On May 17, 2016, during","title":"On Earth"},{"id":"14878282","text":"album. The album's first single, \"Gone Already\", was released in August 2010 and peaked at number 26 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for the 2011 Grammy Awards. \"Gone Already\" was released as the album's lead single on August 10, 2010. Written by Faith Evans, Carvin Haggins, Ivan Barias, Ryan Toby, Corey Williams and Johnathan Smith, and produced by Haggins and Ivan (better known as Carvin & Ivan), the song received warm reception from critics - one of whom listed the \"Toni Braxton-worthy breakup ballad\" as one of","title":"Something About Faith"},{"id":"4938183","text":"new songs, \"Whatchu Need\" (produced by Rodney Jerkins) and \"The Little Things\" (produced by R. Kelly). Toni's first single \"Give U My Heart\" (a duet with Babyface) that was included on the \"Boomerang\" soundtrack, and a remix of \"Un-Break My Heart\". There is also a Box Set edition of the album which contains six additional remixes. According to \"Billboard\", the album has sold 400,000 copies as of May 2013. It was certified Gold in the UK, in July 2013. After releasing four studio albums, the last, \"More Than a Woman\" (2002), was a chart disappointment, being her first studio album","title":"Ultimate Toni Braxton"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"8571183\",\n \"text\": \"Just Be a Man About It \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton questions the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre plays the wayward lover breaking the news to her. According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith were originally considered to perform the speaking parts of the song. However, due to scheduling conflicts, it never\",\n \"title\": \"Just Be a Man About It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571187\",\n \"text\": \"Dre questions Braxton about the man, she remains indifferent, causing him to give her the finger and leave. Just Be a Man About It \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton questions the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre plays the wayward lover breaking the news to her. According to producer Teddy Bishop, Martin Lawrence and Will Smith\",\n \"title\": \"Just Be a Man About It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723714\",\n \"text\": \"of 194,448 copies sold, it remained in the top 20 for fifteen consecutive weeks. Braxton again worked with producers Babyface and Foster; also included in the staple were Rodney Jerkins, and new beau musician Keri Lewis. Braxton took a more hands-on approach, co-writing and co-producing a handful of the tracks. One selection on \\\"The Heat\\\", titled \\\"Gimme Some\\\", featured a rap verse from TLC star Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\" Lopes. The album's second single, \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", peaked at number 32 on the Hot 100 and number six on the R&B Charts. The third single, \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\", peaked\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13791362\",\n \"text\": \"twelve, making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", which peaked at number six. In the UK, \\\"Yesterday\\\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \\\"Hit the Freeway\\\", peaking at number 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at number seventeen on the UK R&B Singles Chart. Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Yesterday\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \\\"Pulse\\\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \\\"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5415707\",\n \"text\": \"Mona Lisa. Austin was signed in the mid-late 1990s to RCA Records before being dropped in favor of R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. However, he ended up writing a few songs for him (including the hit \\\"Sweet Lady\\\") as well as writing for other artists. In 1998, Austin co-wrote \\\"Miss You\\\" for Aaliyah's self-titled third studio album (2001), the track remained unreleased. Instead, it was later included on the posthumously released compilation album, \\\"I Care 4 U\\\" (2002). Austin co-wrote \\\"Just Be a Man About it\\\" for The Heat, third studio album for Toni Braxton. Austin co-wrote Mariah Carey's hit 2005\",\n \"title\": \"Johntá Austin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723729\",\n \"text\": \"11, 2009 and features Trey Songz. It was released as the lead single from her sixth studio album \\\"Pulse\\\". \\\"Yesterday\\\" peaked at No. 12 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart making it her highest chart performance since her 2000 single \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", which peaked at No. 6. The single has been released worldwide on May 3, 2010. In the UK, \\\"Yesterday\\\" became Braxton's first hit single since the release of \\\"Hit the Freeway\\\", peaking at No. 50 on the UK Singles Chart and at No. 17 on the UK R&B Singles Chart. The song\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723742\",\n \"text\": \"This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \\\"Just Be a Man About It.\\\" The song also hit number 16 on \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/ Hip Hop Airplay chart. The second single from the album was called \\\"Where Did We Go Wrong?\\\" It peaked at No. 11 on the Adult R&B Songs chart. The album was nominated for World's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards. The album won for Best R&B Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. In September 2013, it was announced that Braxton\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5416608\",\n \"text\": \"songs \\\"He Can't Love U\\\" and \\\"Let's Get Married\\\". He contributed to Tamar Braxton's debut album, \\\"Tamar\\\" co-writing and producing \\\"Get None\\\" with musical partner Jermaine Dupri. He wrote and co-produced the second single \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" from Toni Braxton's third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\". Michael-Cox worked with Usher contributing to \\\"Confessions\\\" co-writing and co-producing Billboard Hot 100 number one songs \\\"Burn\\\" and \\\"Confessions Part II\\\". Confessions won Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 2005 Grammy's. Confessions has been certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and, as of 2012, has sold 10,3 million\",\n \"title\": \"Bryan-Michael Cox\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15723529\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Better Man\\\" from her fourth studio album, \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002), \\\"Maybe\\\", a single from \\\"The Heat\\\" and an Hex Hector remix for \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\". In 2013, a new version of the compilation was released, with a different cover art and track list. The new edition contains the singles \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", \\\"I Don't Want To\\\" and \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", who were scrapped from the first edition, as well as Braxton's latest singles, \\\"Yesterday\\\" and \\\"Hands Tied\\\". Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton is the fourth\",\n \"title\": \"Playlist: The Very Best of Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671048\",\n \"text\": \"the United States for Braxton and the second single, \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", became a top-ten R&B hit. \\\"The Heat\\\" was certified double platinum by the RIAA and has sold four million copies worldwide. Braxton released her first Christmas album, \\\"Snowflakes\\\", the next year. Her fifth studio album \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" was released in 2002. In the United States the album charted within the top-twenty and also received a gold certification. In April 2003, Braxton left LaFace/Arista and signed a record deal with Blackground Records. \\\"Libra\\\", the first album release through them, debuted at number four on\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922729\",\n \"text\": \"and enjoying coed skinny-dipping. Third track, \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\" ,was written by Diane Warren (who wrote \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\") and was considered a \\\"latin ballad\\\", inspired by \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\". Lyrically, the song has the singer inviting an alluring stranger to play her \\\"through the night\\\" like a \\\"Spanish Guitar.\\\" The fourth track \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\" is a telephone breakup song, with Toni once again questioning the status of a partner's manhood and Dr. Dre playing the wayward lover breaking the news to her, while fifth track, \\\"Gimme Some\\\", features Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\" Lopes and was named \\\"an\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922733\",\n \"text\": \"was the song \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\". It reached number 36 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number six on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Outside of the US, \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\" was released as the album's second single on September 25, 2000 (initially LaFace Records did not release it as a single, due to the promotion of \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\"). It achieved moderate success on the charts around the world, reaching the top 40 in Austria, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland. In the US, when it was released as the album's third single, \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571184\",\n \"text\": \"happened. Dr. Dre was asked to appear on the song due to being in the studio next door while the song was being recorded. The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic called it \\\"an instant classic\\\" and picked it one of the best songs of the album, alongside \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" and \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\". CD Universe wrote that \\\"[e]ven Dr. Dre's guest appearance on 'Just Be a Man About It' nods to the sensual recitatives and bedside manners of '70s love men like Barry White.\\\" Bog Roget wrote for Amazon that Braxton\",\n \"title\": \"Just Be a Man About It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922734\",\n \"text\": \"only managed to reach number 98 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, number 20 on the Adult Contemporary and topped the Dance Music/Club Play Singles. The album's final single, \\\"Maybe\\\", achieved minor success on the R&B and dance charts, due to the cancelled racy video. \\\"The Heat\\\" received a positive reception from most music critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic wrote that the album \\\"is a confident, assured, sexy effort that reaffirms Braxton's status as one of the finest contemporary mainstream soul singers.\\\" While praising the singles \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\" and \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", he\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723697\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart in the United States, selling 10 million copies worldwide and\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571185\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"delivers a tough take on reality with 'Just Be a Man About It,' which pits her against Dr. Dre in a breakup scenario that carries much more force than weightless trifles\\\". The music video for \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\", directed by Bille Woodruff, opens with Braxton's boyfriend (played by rapper Dr. Dre, who also provides additional vocals to the track) leaving a Hawthorne, California, strip club named Bare Elegance, accompanied by a woman. He stops at a payphone to call up Braxton, who is in their apartment. She looks happy at first, but as he tells her not\",\n \"title\": \"Just Be a Man About It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571204\",\n \"text\": \"with the guitar morphing into Braxton in his arms. Towards the end, he and Braxton have a dance scene together. The video was directed by Billie Woodruff, who also directed the videos for \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", and \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\". Spanish Guitar (song) \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released on September 25, 2000, as the album's third single. The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster. It was never released as a commercial single\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish Guitar (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10686140\",\n \"text\": \"of Me\\\", as well as a few singles. Her single \\\"Let Me Return the Favor\\\" reached No. 82 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in November 1998, and her single \\\"Share the Love\\\" was remixed for clubs and peaked at No. 4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance Charts in June 1999. She has appeared as a back-up vocalist on many albums. Andrea Martin (musician) Andrea Monica Martin (born April 14, 1972 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and producer. She is primarily known for writing hit songs (often with longtime partner Ivan Matias) for artists like Toni Braxton (\\\"I\",\n \"title\": \"Andrea Martin (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20129388\",\n \"text\": \"My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \\\"My Man\\\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \\\"Bluebird of Happiness\\\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \\\"My Man\\\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and\",\n \"title\": \"My Man (Tamar Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723760\",\n \"text\": \"2012 because of \\\"minor health issues\\\" related to lupus. Toni Braxton Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. She began performing with her sisters in a family group known as The Braxtons in the late 1980s, who were signed to Arista Records. Braxton attracted the attention of producers Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, later recording a series of songs for them before being signed to their Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records. Her self-titled debut studio album (1993) reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart in\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20576335\",\n \"text\": \"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Long as I Live\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on February 9, 2018. The song serves as the second single from Braxton's eighth studio album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Paul Boutin, and Antonio Dixon and produced by Dixon. The song received two Grammy nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. On February 27, 2018, Braxton appeared on the daytime show \\\"Loose Women\\\" to promote the single \\\"Long as I Live\\\" and her upcoming album \\\"Sex &\",\n \"title\": \"Long as I Live (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922724\",\n \"text\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \\\"The Art of Love\\\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\" Lopes. \\\"The Heat\\\" opened at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723703\",\n \"text\": \"and introduced himself, saying he wanted to produce her. Although skeptical, Braxton decided to, in her words, \\\"take a chance\\\" and accepted. Braxton and her four sisters (Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar) began performing as The Braxtons in the late 1980s and were signed to Arista Records in 1989. Their first single, \\\"Good Life\\\", was released in 1990. Though the song was not successful, it attracted the attention of Antonio \\\"L.A.\\\" Reid and Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds. Reid and Babyface recruited her to record a demo of \\\"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\\\", a song that they had written for Anita Baker\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723699\",\n \"text\": \"on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and saw the success of its lead single, \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", which reached number 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and brought Braxton her sixth Grammy Award, for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Braxton's subsequent studio albums, \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002), \\\"Libra\\\" (2005) and \\\"Pulse\\\" (2010), were released amid contractual disputes and health issues, including a lawsuit against her former manager for mismanaging her relationship with Arista Records. In 2014, Braxton and longtime collaborator Babyface released a duet album entitled \\\"Love, Marriage & Divorce\\\", which earned the duo an additional Grammy Award for Best\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922739\",\n \"text\": \"Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Heat\\\". Musicians Technical Artwork The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on April 25, 2000, by LaFace Records. The album marked Braxton's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound. Most of the songs (including the nearly instrumental \\\"The Art of Love\\\") were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis (a former member of Mint Condition); two ballads were penned by Diane Warren, and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17703674\",\n \"text\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton Artist Collection: Toni Braxton is the third greatest hits compilation by American R&B singer Toni Braxton, released in 2004 by BMG Heritage Records, exclusively released for South America. The compilation was released at the same time that \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" was released. In addition to her most famous hits, such as \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", \\\"Breathe Again\\\", \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" and others, the album collects some of Braxton's random tracks from her latest albums, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000), \\\"Snowflakes of Love\\\" (2001) and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002). \\\"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\\\" is Braxton's third compilation\",\n \"title\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671045\",\n \"text\": \"Association of America (RIAA). It spawned four singles, including \\\"Breathe Again\\\", which peaked within the top-ten in the United States, Australia, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The album sold over ten million copies worldwide. Braxton's second studio album, \\\"Secrets\\\", was released in 1996. Featuring songwriting and production by Reid, Babyface, Diane Warren, R. Kelly and David Foster, the album peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart and was certified eight-times platinum by the RIAA. It also made the top-ten in many other countries including Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723708\",\n \"text\": \"also topped the R&B singles chart for two weeks and saw similar success in Europe and Asia. The album's second single, \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", written and composed by Diane Warren, became the biggest hit of Braxton's career, spending 11 consecutive weeks at number one on the Hot 100 and also topping the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart for eleven weeks and the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart for four weeks. as well as reaching no 2 in the UK Other singles from the album included the double A-side \\\"I Don't Want To\\\"/\\\"I Love Me Some Him\\\" (which peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4937775\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the debut studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on July 13, 1993, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" debuted at number 36 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and later spent two non-consecutive weeks atop the chart as well as three non-consecutive weeks atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It has sold 5,135,000 copies in the United States and 10 million copies worldwide. The album was primarily produced by L.A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons. The first single, \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", peaked at numbers seven and two on the\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17703675\",\n \"text\": \"of greatest hits, released at the same time \\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" was released, on October 12, 2004, being released specifically for South America. The compilation collects some of Braxton's biggest hits, such as \\\"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\\\", \\\"Breathe Again\\\", \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\" and \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", while many other songs are not singles, being found on her last three albums, \\\"The Heat\\\" (such as \\\"The Art of Love\\\"), \\\"Snowflakes\\\" (such as (Snowflakes of Love) and \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (such as \\\"Lies, Lies, Lies\\\", \\\"Me and My Boyfriend\\\" and others). Andy Kellman of \\\"Allmusic\\\" states that the\",\n \"title\": \"Artist Collection: Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13791356\",\n \"text\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Yesterday\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton. The track is the lead single from her album, \\\"Pulse\\\", released on May 4, 2010. Trey Songz appears on the American version released to radio, \\\"Troy Taylor Radio Edit\\\". Outside North America, the original version of the song was released, which features only Braxton's vocals. The song was a moderate success on \\\"Billboard\\\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and peaked at number twelve. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 50 on the Official UK Singles top 100 Chart and at number 17 on R&B Singles\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6586555\",\n \"text\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Please\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written by Scott Storch, Makeba Riddick, Vincent Herbert, and Kameron Houff for her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005), while production was chiefly helmed by Storch. One out of several songs on the album to feature a more hard-edged production, \\\"Please\\\" is a spare, mid-tempo R&B and hip-hop song with a heavy bottom and zippy strings. Lyrically, it that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. The track was released as the album's lead single to US rhythmic and urban AC radio\",\n \"title\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9809749\",\n \"text\": \"version was composed with the songs from the compilation, with the exception of \\\"Spanish Guitar\\\", that is featured on the regular version, instead of the \\\"Royal Garden\\\" remix present on \\\"The Essential\\\". The singles \\\"I Love Me Some Him\\\" and \\\"Hit the Freeway weren't on the Brazilian edition. Andy Kellman of \\\"Allmusic\\\" gave to the compilation a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars, writing that the album \\\"amounts to an expanded update of 2003's Ultimate Toni Braxton, nearly doubling the content and digging deeper into the discography of one of the biggest R&B artists of the '90s. With the\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20129391\",\n \"text\": \"she was happy about not having to \\\"sell people on things that I want to do\\\". \\\"My Man\\\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. Robinson had previously worked with Braxton on her 2000 eponymous debut album, co-writing and producing five songs. \\\"My Man\\\" was released on April 27, 2017, which was accompanied by an announcement on Braxton's official Instagram account. On her post, she encouraged her fans to use the hashtag \\\"#MyMan\\\" to share similar experiences regarding infidelity. A radio edit of the song was released on the same day. It was featured\",\n \"title\": \"My Man (Tamar Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16407857\",\n \"text\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song) \\\"I Heart You\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton. It was written and produced by Toni Braxton & Keri Lewis. The song was released as a non-album single. Musically, the song is a dance-pop song and the lyrics speak about being in love with someone and desiring that the person feels the same. The song received positive reviews, most critics commended the track for having a \\\"dance vibe\\\" and an \\\"anthemic chorus\\\". In 2011, Toni Braxton became an independent artist by parting ways with, her then manager, Vincent Herbert and signing\",\n \"title\": \"I Heart You (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4762123\",\n \"text\": \"of her siblings including her sisters Toni, Traci, Towanda, and Trina, as well as her only brother Michael, Jr. In 2001, Braxton was married to her first husband, music producer Darrell \\\"Delite\\\" Allamby. Allamby was a songwriter and producer who worked with his frequent songwriting partner Lincoln \\\"Link\\\" Browder, as well as Silk, Busta Rhymes and Gerald Levert. The two met while Allamby worked on her 2000 debut album's tracks \\\"Money Can't Buy Me Love\\\" and \\\"Once Again\\\". The couple divorced in 2003 after two years of marriage. In 2003, Tamar began dating Vincent Herbert, a record executive whom she\",\n \"title\": \"Tamar Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6586762\",\n \"text\": \"Hit the Freeway \\\"Hit the Freeway\\\" is a song by the American recording artist Toni Braxton, released as the lead-single from her fourth studio album, \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002). The song, which features American rapper Loon, was written by Pharrell Williams and Loon himself, while production was handled by Pharrell's production duo The Neptunes. It is an R&B and hip-hop song, with lyrics about an ex trying to rekindle with Braxton, but Braxton claims she's not interested in him anymore. The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised its catchiness and contagiousness, and picked it as\",\n \"title\": \"Hit the Freeway\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10686139\",\n \"text\": \"Andrea Martin (musician) Andrea Monica Martin (born April 14, 1972 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and producer. She is primarily known for writing hit songs (often with longtime partner Ivan Matias) for artists like Toni Braxton (\\\"I Love Me Some Him\\\"), Monica (\\\"Before You Walk Out of My Life\\\"), Angie Stone (\\\"Wish I Didn't Miss You\\\"), En Vogue (\\\"Don't Let Go (Love)\\\"), SWV (\\\"You're the One\\\"), and Leona Lewis (\\\"Better in Time\\\"). Martin worked with \\\"The X Factor\\\" 2008 winner Alexandra Burke on a song for her debut album \\\"Overcome\\\". In 1998, Martin released \\\"The Best\",\n \"title\": \"Andrea Martin (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11827064\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton released a song “Lifeline” as the official lead single from her second album, “On Earth”, which was released on August 24, 2018. She was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton, Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton has an older brother Michael, Jr. (born in 1968) and four sisters, Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Trina (born in 1974), and Tamar (born\",\n \"title\": \"Traci Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723753\",\n \"text\": \"Carey and Whitney Houston. Over the span of her career Braxton has sold over 66 million records, including 40 million albums, worldwide. Braxton's musical catalog contains many classics that have won her many accolades. Her greatest is \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", the Diane Warren-penned ballad that spent 11-weeks at number 1. Bob McCann, author of \\\"Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television\\\" (2010), considered it \\\"simply one of the most haunting R&B records ever made.\\\" Reviewer Mark Edward Nero named it one of the best R&B break-up songs and considered it Braxton's \\\"finest moment\\\". He further commented, \\\"damn, this\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8566042\",\n \"text\": \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home \\\"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\\\" is the debut solo single by American singer Toni Braxton. It was written by Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, and Bo Watson and produced by Edmonds and Simmons along with L.A. Reid. Originally featured on the soundtrack to the romantic comedy film \\\"Boomerang\\\" (1992), the song was later included on Braxton's self titled debut album \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" (1993). The single became a top 40 hit the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 charting at number thirty-three and her second consecutive top five hit on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charting at number four. \\\"Love\",\n \"title\": \"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9809748\",\n \"text\": \"Makin' Me High\\\", \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" and others, the first disc contains \\\"Tell Me\\\", from her 2002 album \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" and \\\"Give U My Heart\\\", a duet with Babyface to the soundtrack of the 1992 film \\\"Boomerang\\\". The second disc contains some singles who performed very moderate on charts, such as \\\"Hit the Freeway\\\", many songs from her 1996 album \\\"Secrets\\\", the duet with Il Divo, \\\"The Time of Our Lives\\\", remixes from her remix compilation, \\\"\\\", as well as her first single with her sisters, The Braxtons, called \\\"Good Life\\\". The track list for the Brazilian\",\n \"title\": \"The Essential Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571094\",\n \"text\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Suddenly\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \\\"\\\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \\\"Sundown\\\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.\",\n \"title\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571093\",\n \"text\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Suddenly\\\" is a song by American R&B singer–songwriter Toni Braxton, released internationally in February 2006 as the lead single from the European edition of her fifth studio album, \\\"Libra\\\" (2005). Written and produced by Richard Marx, it failed to make the charts anywhere. The track features Chris Botti on the trumpet, and was originally planned to appear on his 2005 album \\\"\\\". Marx recorded this song as a duet with Braxton for his 2008 studio release \\\"Sundown\\\" and would later release it as a solo track on and yet as a different version on Beautiful Goodbye.\",\n \"title\": \"Suddenly (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19535661\",\n \"text\": \"Hurt You \\\"Hurt You\\\" is a song by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface released on August 17, 2013. The song serves as the lead single from the collaborative studio album \\\"Love, Marriage & Divorce\\\" (2014). Written by Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, Toni Braxton, Antonio Dixon and produced by Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds. During early February 2013, Braxton appeared on Good Morning America and The Wendy Williams Show to promote her new movie role in the Lifetime Movie \\\"Twist of Faith\\\", also confirming the rumors of her retirement, revealing that she was retiring from music and stating that she\",\n \"title\": \"Hurt You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723711\",\n \"text\": \"bankruptcy. Public reaction to these events was very harsh, having been expressed most clearly in an interview on \\\"The Oprah Winfrey Show.\\\" Upon successfully filing for bankruptcy, Braxton relinquished the rights to many of her valued possessions, including the Grammys and American Music Awards she had previously been granted. Braxton has appeared in two Disney Broadway shows: She made her Broadway debut as Belle in \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" beginning September 9, 1998 when she replaced Kim Huber. During her run in the show Alan Menken wrote and composed a new song for the musical, titled \\\"A Change in Me\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19284515\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart (also known as Unbreak My Heart) is a 2016 American television biographical film about R&B singer Toni Braxton. It premiered at Lifetime on January 23, 2016. It derives its title from Braxton's book \\\"Toni Braxton Unbreak My Heart a Memoir\\\" and her most notable hit \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\". The film stars Lex Scott Davis as Toni Braxton, Debbi Morgan as Evelyn Braxton, Skye P. Marshall as Towanda Braxton, Tiffany Hines as Tamar Braxton and Gavin Houston as Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds. The film was directed by Vondie Curtis Hall and written\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton: Unbreak My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10485220\",\n \"text\": \"Good Life (The Braxtons song) \\\"Good Life\\\" is a 1990 single by The Braxtons, featuring Toni Braxton and her four sisters: Towanda, Trina, Traci Braxton, and Tamar Braxton. \\\"Good Life\\\", written by the German songwriting/production team Klarmann/Weber, was Toni Braxton's first professional recording. Toni Braxton and her sisters signed with Arista Records as The Braxtons in 1989. In 1990, they released \\\"Good Life\\\", their first and only single as a fivesome. The single, backed with \\\"Family\\\" as a B-side, reached #79 on the Billboard Hot Black Single charts. The song wasn't a major hit but it caught the attention of\",\n \"title\": \"Good Life (The Braxtons song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671043\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Braxton discography The discography of American recording artist Toni Braxton consists of eight studio albums, five extended plays, six compilation albums, two remix albums, thirty singles (including three featured singles) and twenty-two music videos. Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland on October 7, 1967. Her mother, an opera vocalist, encouraged Braxton and her four sisters to sing in church at a young age. In 1990, songwriter Bill Pettaway discovered the sisters and helped them obtain a record deal with Arista Records, as the group titled The Braxtons; the group's debut single, \\\"Good Life\\\", was released the same year. Although\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723701\",\n \"text\": \"sister, Tamar, \\\"Tamar & Vince\\\". In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame. Toni Michelle Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor. Braxton is the eldest of six siblings. She has a younger brother Michael Jr. (born 1968) and four younger sisters Traci (born 1971), Towanda (born 1973), Trina (born 1974), and Tamar (born\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671047\",\n \"text\": \"release from her record contract. However, LaFace countersued, a move which prompted Braxton to file for bankruptcy. She spent the next year in a state of oblivion, but reached an agreement with LaFace the year after. Her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\", was released in April 2000. The album debuted at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart and topped the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It also reached number one in Canada and charted within the top-ten in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The lead single, \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", became another top-five Hot 100 hit in\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8566887\",\n \"text\": \"music video filmed, it has become one of Braxton's most requested singles. As such, it was included on her 2003 singles collection \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\". I Love Me Some Him \\\"I Love Me Some Him\\\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her second studio album, \\\"Secrets\\\" (1996). Written by Andrea Martin and Gloria Stewart and produced by the Danish duo Soulshock & Karlin, the song was released as the flipside to the album's third single, \\\"I Don't Want To\\\", solely in the United States, while international versions of \\\"I Don't Want To\\\" did not include \\\"I\",\n \"title\": \"I Love Me Some Him\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4938219\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton released her first compilation album, \\\"Ultimate Toni Braxton\\\", in 2003. Later, in 2004, BMG Heritage Records released her second greatest hits compilation, titled \\\"Platinum & Gold\\\" compilation. The collection includes 12 tracks, such as her hits \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", \\\"Another Sad Love Song,\\\" \\\"Breathe Again,\\\" \\\"You Mean the World to Me,\\\" \\\"Un-Break My Heart,\\\" but not \\\"You're Makin' Me High\\\". The album also features the non-single \\\"A Better Man\\\", taken from \\\"More Than a Woman\\\". Jason Birchmeier of \\\"Allmusic\\\" gave the compilation 3.5 out of 5 stars, writing that, \\\"\\\"Platinum & Gold Collection\\\" rounds up and remasters most\",\n \"title\": \"Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723072\",\n \"text\": \"Pop Songwriter of the Year trophy seven times and a total of 51 BMI Awards, which includes Song of the Year for his Toni Braxton hit, \\\"Breathe Again\\\", in 1994. Babyface was honored with the 2,508th star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 10, 2013. The star is located at 6270 Hollywood Boulevard. On October 18, 2018, he was conferred with an honorary doctorate degree from Indiana University Bloomington in recognition of his illustrious career in music. Babyface (musician) Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer.\",\n \"title\": \"Babyface (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5022253\",\n \"text\": \"songwriter for Screen Gems Publishing, where she collaborated with several other artists before teaming up with Carole Bayer Sager. They wrote the song \\\"A Groovy Kind of Love,\\\" which was recorded by The Mindbenders in 1966 (after the group split with Wayne Fontana) and reached the top of the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. She also recorded as a solo artist in this period. Wine became a member of The Archies in 1969, along with Jeff Barry, Bobby Bloom, and Ron Dante. In 1970 she co-wrote \\\"Candida\\\", which she recorded with Linda November and Tony Orlando. This was followed by\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Wine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19535665\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton and Babyface appeared on Arsenio Hall Show on November 22, 2013 performing \\\"Hurt You\\\". They also appeared on The Steve Harvey Morning Show on February 3, 2014 and The Ellen Degeneres Show on May 9, 2014 performing \\\"Hurt You\\\". Hurt You \\\"Hurt You\\\" is a song by American recording artists Toni Braxton and Babyface released on August 17, 2013. The song serves as the lead single from the collaborative studio album \\\"Love, Marriage & Divorce\\\" (2014). Written by Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds, Daryl Simmons, Toni Braxton, Antonio Dixon and produced by Kenneth \\\"Babyface\\\" Edmonds. During early February 2013, Braxton appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Hurt You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9019156\",\n \"text\": \"A Change in Me \\\"A Change in Me\\\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", a stage adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. The song was written specifically for American singer Toni Braxton when she joined the production to play the role of Belle in 1998, four years into the musical's run. Menken and Rice wrote \\\"A Change in Me\\\" to appease Braxton after Rice promised the singer, who was hesitant to sign her contract, that he would write an entirely new song for\",\n \"title\": \"A Change in Me\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14317431\",\n \"text\": \"Make My Heart \\\"Make My Heart\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton. It contains an interpolation from \\\"We're Going to a Party\\\" (1977) by Evelyn \\\"Champagne\\\" King. Written by Lucas Secon, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Freeman, Aubreya Gravatt, Theodore Life, Jr. and produced by Lucas Secon for Braxton's sixth studio album \\\"Pulse\\\" (2010), it was released on February 23, 2010 as the album's third and final single. In a review of the album Pulse BBC.co.uk stated \\\"The brass-infused Make My Heart sees Braxton singing higher than her comfortable range, and Lookin’ At Me draws too obviously on Beyoncé's Halo,\",\n \"title\": \"Make My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6284807\",\n \"text\": \"a mixed review for Slant Magazine, writing that \\\"while Braxton meshed impeccably with her hip-hop counterparts on \\\"More Than A Woman\\\", her collaboration with Rich Harrison sounds forced, even desperate. And with the Babyface and Daryl Simmons-penned \\\"I Wanna Be (Your Baby)\\\", the team that once delivered multiple R&B classics all on one Braxton record struggles to produce just one for their old friend here.\\\" \\\"Libra\\\" debuted at number four on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 for the issue dated ending October 5, with 114,000 copies sold. Braxton's fourth top five entry, it marked a significant lift for the singer, whose\",\n \"title\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7309845\",\n \"text\": \"Braxton's signature songs, peaking at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, where the single stood for several weeks, and number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs for four weeks. As of 2017, this song is her last Top 10 appearance on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. An accompanying music video was released for the single. The song earned Braxton her sixth Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance in 2001. \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" was released as the lead single from Braxton's studio album \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). The song was written by Rodney Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels,\",\n \"title\": \"He Wasn't Man Enough\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723704\",\n \"text\": \"for the soundtrack of Eddie Murphy's film, \\\"Boomerang\\\". Baker, who was pregnant at the time, did not record the song but suggested, that Braxton record it. Her recording was later included on the soundtrack along with \\\"Give U My Heart\\\", a duet by Braxton and Babyface. Braxton, meanwhile, was signed to Reid and Edmonds' Arista-distributed imprint, LaFace Records, and immediately began recording her solo debut album. On July 13, 1993, LaFace Records released Braxton's self-titled debut album, \\\"Toni Braxton\\\". The album, which was primarily produced by Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, peaked at number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723751\",\n \"text\": \"for R&B audiences, but smooth enough for adult contemporary; sophisticated enough for adults, but sultry enough for younger listeners; strong enough in the face of heartbreak to appeal to women, but ravishing enough to nab the fellas.\\\" Braxton began her career singing traditional R&B and soft rock ballads and love songs on her debut and second albums. However, hip-hop soul and dance music elements begun to get spun into her sound on \\\"The Heat\\\", \\\"More Than a Woman\\\", and \\\"Pulse\\\". She also showcased her classical training while performing in Broadway plays \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" and \\\"Aida\\\" as well as\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5022251\",\n \"text\": \"Toni Wine Toni Wine (born June 4, 1947 in Washington Heights, New York City, United States) is an American pop music songwriter, who wrote songs for such artists as The Mindbenders (\\\"A Groovy Kind of Love\\\"), Tony Orlando and Dawn (\\\"Candida\\\"), Elvis Presley, and Checkmates, Ltd. (\\\"Black Pearl\\\") in the late 1960s and 1970s. Wine also sang the female vocals for the cartoon music group The Archies, most notably on their #1 hit song \\\"Sugar, Sugar\\\" (singing the line, \\\"I'm gonna make your life so sweet\\\"). However, she did not sing the lead vocal in the song \\\"Jingle Jangle\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Wine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7309844\",\n \"text\": \"He Wasn't Man Enough \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" is a song by American R&B recording artist and songwriter Toni Braxton and released by LaFace Records on March 7, 2000 as the lead single from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). The song was produced by Rodney \\\"Darkchild\\\" Jerkins. \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" is an uptempo dance-pop and R&B inspired song that differs in genre from Braxton's previous ballads. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised it as one of Braxton's best works. \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" had international success and became one of\",\n \"title\": \"He Wasn't Man Enough\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723715\",\n \"text\": \"at number 98 on the Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Dance & Club charts. The fourth single, \\\"Maybe\\\", peaked at 74 on the R&B charts. \\\"The Heat\\\" was certified double platinum in the U.S. and, by 2002, had sold over 4 million copies worldwide. \\\"The Heat\\\" was nominated for many awards. At the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards, the album's lead-single, \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", was nominated for Best R&B Song and eventually won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, while the album itself was nominated for Best R&B Album. She was also nominated for\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4994315\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Somebody get me some toilet paper!\\\" Each sister and brother Michael soon after went in the bathroom and began singing the \\\"Toilet Paper Song.\\\" The Braxtons credit this incident as their first song-writing experience and the first time that they harmonized as a group. Growing up, they sang in the choir at several churches and toured the East Coast with their religious parents singing at various events. Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, \\\"Good Life\\\". It would be their only single as\",\n \"title\": \"The Braxtons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14317433\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\\\" on April 27, 2010. The music video for \\\"Make My Heart\\\" was directed by Bille Woodruff and shot back-to-back with the video for \\\"Hands Tied,\\\" also directed by Woodruff. It was premiered on April 13, 2010. Braxton's sisters Towanda Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Traci Braxton, and Trina Braxton make cameo appearances in the video. Credits adapted from \\\"Pulse\\\" liner notes. Make My Heart \\\"Make My Heart\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton. It contains an interpolation from \\\"We're Going to a Party\\\" (1977) by Evelyn \\\"Champagne\\\" King. Written by Lucas Secon, Makeba Riddick, Joseph Freeman,\",\n \"title\": \"Make My Heart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7076701\",\n \"text\": \"to his fourth album \\\"Take a Back Road\\\", was released in April 2011. It became his sixth number 1 late in the year, and accounted for his highest placement on the Hot 100, at number 23. The song was co-written by Luke Laird and Rhett Akins, the latter of whom co-wrote \\\"Farmer's Daughter\\\". \\\"He's Mine\\\" was the album's second single. The song was originally recorded by Billy Ray Cyrus, and Atkins chose to release it because it received positive reactions from fans in concert. It peaked at number 23 on the country chart in April 2012. \\\"Just Wanna Rock N'\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7311761\",\n \"text\": \"Gant, Melvin Gentry, Bo Watson, and Bobby Lovelace, with Bill Simmons sometimes joining as well. Outside of Midnight Star, a few band members have contributed to other projects. Bo Watson co-wrote a few songs for singer Toni Braxton. He co-wrote the Babyface duet \\\"Give U My Heart\\\" and \\\"Love Shoulda Brought You Home\\\" from the \\\"Boomerang\\\" soundtrack as well as the song \\\"Spending My Time With You\\\" on Braxton's self-titled debut. Watson also helped write other songs such as \\\"Turn Down the Lights\\\" for Shanice, \\\"Rock Steady\\\" for The Whispers and \\\"Meeting in the Ladies' Room\\\" for Klymaxx. Reggie and\",\n \"title\": \"Midnight Star\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922727\",\n \"text\": \"in January 2000, during an interview with CNN.com, Toni revealed that the album was going to be released in March 2000, while stating, \\\"Some of the producers on the album are, of course Babyface, R. Kelly, David Foster, Keith Crouch and Keri Lewis of Mint Condition, just to name a few,\\\" while also revealing collaborations with Lisa \\\"Left Eye\\\" Lopes from TLC and Dr. Dre. \\\"The Heat\\\" is built on solid ballads and smoldering, mid-tempo dance numbers, as noted by AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Colin Ross of \\\"PopMatters\\\" noted that, \\\"By taking a more active role in the writing and\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17729456\",\n \"text\": \"The music video was released on Braxton and Babyface's joint VEVO account October 11, 2013. On December 14, 2013 \\\"Hurt You\\\" rose to the number 1 spot on Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart for four weeks. The song spent 41 weeks on the Adult R&B Songs chart before exiting the Top 20 Chart. This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \\\"Just Be a Man About It\\\". The song also hit number 16 on \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/Hip Hop Airplay chart.<ref name=\\\"Hot R&B/Hip Hop Airplay chart\\\"></ref> \\\"Where Did We Go\",\n \"title\": \"Love, Marriage & Divorce\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922725\",\n \"text\": \"199,000 copies sold in its first week. It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on October 13, 2000, with sales of over 2.2 million copies in the United States. Additionally, the album was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards, while lead single \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\" won for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song. After the success of her second studio album, \\\"Secrets\\\" (1996), which spawned Braxton's signature song and biggest commercial success of her career, \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\", and sold over 15 million\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4695839\",\n \"text\": \"Records. Jon B's early influences as a musician include: Duran Duran, Inxs, Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, Babyface, Prince and Sade. He spent the summer after high school writing, producing and recording 40 songs and began making his rounds to all major record labels. Jon B., prior to his rise to fame, used to be a songwriter and wrote songs for After 7, Toni Braxton, Michael Jackson, Color Me Badd, the Spice Girls and others. Jon B.'s popularity began in the mid-1990s, he released his debut studio album in 1995 entitled \\\"Bonafide\\\"; the album spawned the popular hit and Grammy-nominated single\",\n \"title\": \"Jon B.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4937942\",\n \"text\": \"More Than a Woman (album) More Than a Woman is the fifth studio album by American singer Toni Braxton. It was released on November 18, 2002, by Arista Records. The album contained both hip hop and urban adult contemporary sounds, as well as some softer and more contemporary melodies. Throughout the project, Braxton worked with her sister Tamar and husband Keri Lewis on most of the songs, who had written and produced material for her previous album. She also worked with hip hop producers and rappers such as Irv Gotti, The Neptunes, Mannie Fresh and Loon, as well as Rodney\",\n \"title\": \"More Than a Woman (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571186\",\n \"text\": \"to wait up for him that night alleging he needs space, her facial expression suddenly changes. The following scenes show Braxton wandering about the apartment, talking on the phone, standing next to the balcony, lying on a couch, and throwing objects such as vases and a picture frame containing a photo of Dre. At one point, Dre hangs up on Braxton, which infuriates her. Toward the end of the video, a man (Q-Tip) shows up to visit Braxton; they hug each other and proceed to cuddle on the couch, much to Dre's annoyance by the time he arrives home. When\",\n \"title\": \"Just Be a Man About It\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4762122\",\n \"text\": \"music video of \\\"Love It\\\" from her 2015 album \\\"Calling All Lovers\\\". On the 26, she released the music video of \\\"Wanna Love You Boy\\\", from her last album \\\"Bluebird of Happiness\\\". On the 29, she released the music video of \\\"Pieces\\\", from her 2013 album \\\"Love and War\\\". In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the upcoming film \\\"Gangland\\\" from Jean-Claude La Marre. Braxton possesses a four-octave soprano vocal range. She lists Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Kim Burrell, and her eldest sister, Toni Braxton, as some of her influences. Braxton is the youngest\",\n \"title\": \"Tamar Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922732\",\n \"text\": \"when?, where?, how?, who?, what?\\\", made you go off and do this crazy thing. The album's lead single, \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", was released on March 17, 2000, to critical acclaim, and won a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. It was also a success on the charts, where it peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Elsewhere, it topped the Canadian Singles Chart, while reaching the top 10 in Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The album's second single in the US\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18929753\",\n \"text\": \"on the song's genre. The track was described as a \\\"ratchet club banger\\\" and one of the album's \\\"silly dance numbers\\\" by a writer for \\\"Rap-Up\\\" and Kevin C. Johnson of the \\\"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\\\", respectively. Idolator's Mike Wass referenced it as a \\\"upbeat, funk-heavy track\\\". When performing the single, she described it as dealing with how to maintain a relationship with one's partner; she explained: \\\"Ladies and gents, that's how you get 'em, keeping 'em is a different story.\\\" Some of the lyrics include: “Give your man what he dreamin’ about.” In the hook, Braxton sings: \\\"He want that\",\n \"title\": \"Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19535663\",\n \"text\": \"studio album after a number of singers and friends including Anita Baker, Prince, Missy Elliott, Madonna and Barbra Streisand had reached out to her not to retire the music business. The song debuted at number 17 on Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart on September 7, 2013, later rising to the number 1 spot on December 14, 2013 for four weeks. The song spent 41 weeks on the Adult R&B Songs chart before exiting the Top 20 Chart. This marked Braxton's seventh No. 1 hit on the Adult R&B Songs chart and first since her 2000 release \\\"Just Be a Man\",\n \"title\": \"Hurt You\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8566232\",\n \"text\": \"Breathe Again \\\"Breathe Again\\\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her \\\"self-titled debut album\\\" (1993). Written by Babyface and produced by L. A. Reid, Babyface, and Daryl Simmons, the ballad was released as the album's second single, garnering heavy airplay during the summer and autumn of 1993, which resulted in it being the most successful single released from the album. The single peaked at number three on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Adult Contemporary charts. The song reached number two on the UK charts in January 1994.\",\n \"title\": \"Breathe Again\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8571213\",\n \"text\": \"Maybe (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Maybe\\\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \\\"The Heat\\\" (2000). It was released to urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on February 6, 2001, as the album's fourth and final single. The music video for \\\"Maybe\\\", directed by Chris Robinson, remained unreleased as Braxton felt it was too risqué. The treatment saw Braxton arriving home from the 2001 Grammy Awards ceremony after winning the award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\". She enters in the infamous dress and begins to undress while\",\n \"title\": \"Maybe (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671050\",\n \"text\": \"spanning over two decades, Braxton has accumulated sales of 68 million records worldwide. Toni Braxton discography The discography of American recording artist Toni Braxton consists of eight studio albums, five extended plays, six compilation albums, two remix albums, thirty singles (including three featured singles) and twenty-two music videos. Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland on October 7, 1967. Her mother, an opera vocalist, encouraged Braxton and her four sisters to sing in church at a young age. In 1990, songwriter Bill Pettaway discovered the sisters and helped them obtain a record deal with Arista Records, as the group titled The\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton discography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20333006\",\n \"text\": \"Bluebird of Happiness (album) Bluebird of Happiness is the fifth and final studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton, released on September 29, 2017, through LoganLand Records and Entertainment One. The album has been preceded by the release of four singles—\\\"My Man\\\" followed by \\\"Blind\\\" and then \\\"The Makings of You\\\" and \\\"Wanna Love You Boy\\\". The album is a success reached the top 1 at the \\\"Billboard\\\" Independent and reached 5 on the Us Top Albums Sales. On January 17, 2017, Braxton announced during an interview with Hollywood Today regarding her upcoming fifth studio album \\\"this album for\",\n \"title\": \"Bluebird of Happiness (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3922728\",\n \"text\": \"production of the set, Toni's material begins to be constructed around her voice rather than the latest producer's sound.\\\" The album's first single and opening track, \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\", was written and produced by Rodney Jerkins. The R&B song, with synth-funk bassline and Jerkins' taut beats and harp, has Toni warning a female friend not to marry a man the singer knows all too well and that came back begging for forgiveness. On the title track, \\\"The Heat\\\", co-written by Keri Lewis, was described as \\\"an infectious mid-tempo groove.\\\" Lyrically, the song talks about wanting to \\\"get it on\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Heat (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20346411\",\n \"text\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song) \\\"Deadwood\\\" is a song by American recording artist Toni Braxton released on September 14, 2017. The song serves as the lead single from Braxton's eighth studio album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" (2018). Written by Toni Braxton, Royce Doherty, Kwame Ogoo and Fred Ball and produced by Ball. On August 25, 2017, it was announced that director Bille Woodruff was directing a new music video for Braxton confirming the name of a new single titled \\\"Deadwood\\\". On September 5, 2017, in an interview with \\\"The Insider\\\", Braxton confirmed the title of her upcoming eighth studio album \\\"Sex &\",\n \"title\": \"Deadwood (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723733\",\n \"text\": \"was recorded on February 1, 2010. Music legends Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie act as Executive Producers as well as Wyclef Jean. Artists involved included Celine Dion, Barbra Streisand, Janet Jackson, Tony Bennett, Wyclef Jean, Josh Groban, Pink, Usher, Mary J. Blige, Jennifer Hudson, Adam Levine, Justin Bieber, LL Cool J, among others. According to Braxton, via a lawsuit, TMZ, and VH1's Behind the Music, after her \\\"Toni Braxton: Revealed\\\" show was abruptly cancelled back in 2008, the insurance agency, Lloyd's of London refused to honor her policy that she purchased for upwards of $70,000 that included financial compensations for\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6586559\",\n \"text\": \"Riddick, Kameron Houff, and Vincent Herbert, with production being handled by Storch. A frequent collaborator, Herbert had co-written and produced her 1994 hit \\\"How Many Ways. Vocal production was overseen by Keri Lewis, while Braxton's younger sister Tamar, Riddick, Kim Johnson and Keri Hilson all provided background vocals on \\\"Please\\\". Musically, \\\"Please\\\" is an upbeat R&B and hip-hop song that talks about how to handle a temptation in a relationship. Braxton starts the song singing, \\\"I know you watching all over here, trying to find a way to come into my situation, because you should know that it is so\",\n \"title\": \"Please (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3724876\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Marley song \\\"Stir It Up\\\" (#53 R&B) for the \\\"Cool Runnings\\\" soundtrack that same year. King's next single, \\\"Shy Guy\\\", co-written and produced by Andy Marvel was released in 1995. The song, which only took them 10 minutes to write, became a hit, reaching #13 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and being certified gold by the RIAA in the U.S.; the single also hit #2 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as reaching #1 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles chart, going on to sell nearly five million singles worldwide. \\\"Shy Guy\\\" was also ranked by the Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Diana King\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723749\",\n \"text\": \"Lifetime Movie Network January 22, 2018. The second single \\\"Long as I Live\\\" was released on February 9, 2018. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \\\"Broken Things\\\" On October 23, 2018, Braxton announced a joint tour with SWV, As Long As I Live Tour for 2019. Toni and her sister Towanda are the stars on the christmas tv movie \\\"Every Day is Christmas\\\" which premiered on the Lifetime Movie Network November 24, 2018. The album \\\"Sex & Cigarettes\\\" is nominated for three Grammy Awards: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723707\",\n \"text\": \"the first album without being musically redundant.\\\" Along with Babyface, Braxton also worked with R. Kelly, Tony Rich, and David Foster on the album. Braxton co-produced the album and co-wrote two of its songs, including the 1997 single \\\"How Could an Angel Break My Heart\\\", which was also later included on \\\"Diana Princess of Wales Tribute,\\\" a Princess Diana memorial album. With help from the album's first single, \\\"You're Makin' Me High\\\", which became Braxton's first number-one hit on the Hot 100 singles chart, the album peaked at number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 albums chart. \\\"You're Makin' Me High\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13791360\",\n \"text\": \"solo version and one for the remix featuring Trey Songz. Filming the video for the single started on October 8, 2009 in Los Angeles with director Bille Woodruff (known for such classic Braxton videos as \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\" and \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough\\\"). Photos from the video were revealed on her official website on October 28 and show Braxton playing a piano, and Songz playing her boyfriend. The video premiered on \\\"The Wendy Williams Show\\\" on November 20, 2009. The video features singer Brooke Hogan as well as basketball players Shannon Brown and Ron Artest from the Los Angeles Lakers.\",\n \"title\": \"Yesterday (Toni Braxton song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7003359\",\n \"text\": \"David Porter (musician) David Porter (born November 21, 1941) is an American record producer, songwriter, singer, entrepreneur and philanthropist. Porter was a 2005 inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, with catalog sales exceeding 300 million units. In 2015, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" listed him among the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He is best known for songwriting, having written Sam & Dave's \\\"Soul Man\\\" (1968 Grammy winner), Mariah Carey's \\\"Dreamlover\\\" (1993 Grammy winner), Will Smith's \\\"Gettin' Jiggy wit It\\\" (1999 Grammy winner), and Sam & Dave's \\\"Hold On, I'm Comin'\\\". He is also the founder of the Memphis-based Consortium MMT,\",\n \"title\": \"David Porter (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8566400\",\n \"text\": \"out of the Australian Singles Chart. Credits taken from Discogs website. You Mean the World to Me \\\"You Mean the World to Me\\\" is the fourth single from Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" (1993). Written by Babyface, L.A. Reid, and Daryl Simmons, the track was released in April 1994. It was a radio hit, peaking at number 3 on both the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 Airplay (Radio Songs) and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts, and at number 7 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart. The music video for You Mean the World to Me was directed by Lionel\",\n \"title\": \"You Mean the World to Me\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723718\",\n \"text\": \"the Freeway\\\", failed at radio and peaked at number 86 on the Hot 100. The two singles, that followed (\\\"A Better Man\\\", \\\"Lies, Lies, Lies\\\") were scrapped, failed to make a dent and missed the Hot 100 completely. \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" was certified gold by RIAA and sold more than 800,000 copies worldwide. Prior to the release of the album, a dispute erupted between Braxton and Irv Gotti, when he played a rough cut of \\\"No More Love\\\", a song that he produced for the album, that was to be the first single. Disapproving of Gotti broadcasting the unfinished\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6284795\",\n \"text\": \"four million copies worldwide and produced the Grammy Award-winning uptempo hit single \\\"He Wasn't Man Enough.\\\" The following year, Braxton released the commercially unrecognized Christmas album \\\"Snowflakes\\\" (2001) and began work on her next album \\\"More Than a Woman\\\". A continuation of \\\"The Heat\\\", it saw her reteaming with a variety of famed hip hop producers and rappers such as Irv Gotti, The Neptunes, Mannie Fresh, and Loon in favor of a \\\"harder sound.\\\" In September 2002, while gearing up for the release of the album, Braxton discovered she was pregnant with her second child and she was subsequently forced\",\n \"title\": \"Libra (Toni Braxton album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2723705\",\n \"text\": \"albums chart. The first single, \\\"Another Sad Love Song\\\", peaked at number seven and number two on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and R&B Singles charts respectively. The album's second single, \\\"Breathe Again\\\", peaked in the top five of both the Hot 100 and R&B singles charts and no 2 in the UK. More singles from \\\"Toni Braxton\\\" were released in 1994, including \\\"You Mean the World to Me\\\", \\\"Seven Whole Days\\\", and \\\"I Belong to You/How Many Ways\\\". Braxton's debut album won her several awards, including three Grammy Awards (for Best New Artist and two consecutive awards for Best Female\",\n \"title\": \"Toni Braxton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3465691\",\n \"text\": \"group after the commercial and critical success of \\\"Sons of Soul\\\". According to vocalist and bassist Raphael Wiggins, each member had pursued individual music projects, and \\\"the group was trying to figure out where everybody's time, space and head was at.\\\" He, D'wayne Wiggins, and Timothy Christian Riley worked on songwriting and production for other recording artists during the band's hiatus, including D'Angelo, En Vogue, Karyn White, Tevin Campbell, and A Tribe Called Quest. Raphael Wiggins adopted the surname \\\"Saadiq\\\" for his professional name in 1994—\\\"man of his word\\\" in Arabic—and released his solo single \\\"Ask of You\\\" in 1995.\",\n \"title\": \"Tony! Toni! Toné!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20863230\",\n \"text\": \"On Earth On Earth is the second studio album by American singer Traci Braxton. The album was released on August 24, 2018 through Soul World Entertainment. The album was preceded by the release of one single — \\\"Lifeline\\\" and one promotional single \\\"Broken Things\\\" featuring Toni Braxton, Towanda Braxton and Trina Braxton. The album features production for Dave \\\"DaveyBoy\\\" Lindsey (Monica, Missy Elliott) and production duo Chris N Teeb (Jennifer Lopez, Danity Kane). Following the release of her debut studio album Crash & Burn (2014), work began on her second studio album in late 2015. On May 17, 2016, during\",\n \"title\": \"On Earth\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14878282\",\n \"text\": \"album. The album's first single, \\\"Gone Already\\\", was released in August 2010 and peaked at number 26 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was nominated for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for the 2011 Grammy Awards. \\\"Gone Already\\\" was released as the album's lead single on August 10, 2010. Written by Faith Evans, Carvin Haggins, Ivan Barias, Ryan Toby, Corey Williams and Johnathan Smith, and produced by Haggins and Ivan (better known as Carvin & Ivan), the song received warm reception from critics - one of whom listed the \\\"Toni Braxton-worthy breakup ballad\\\" as one of\",\n \"title\": \"Something About Faith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4938183\",\n \"text\": \"new songs, \\\"Whatchu Need\\\" (produced by Rodney Jerkins) and \\\"The Little Things\\\" (produced by R. Kelly). Toni's first single \\\"Give U My Heart\\\" (a duet with Babyface) that was included on the \\\"Boomerang\\\" soundtrack, and a remix of \\\"Un-Break My Heart\\\". There is also a Box Set edition of the album which contains six additional remixes. According to \\\"Billboard\\\", the album has sold 400,000 copies as of May 2013. It was certified Gold in the UK, in July 2013. After releasing four studio albums, the last, \\\"More Than a Woman\\\" (2002), was a chart disappointment, being her first studio album\",\n \"title\": \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who wrote just be a man about it by toni braxton"}}},{"rowIdx":292,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Brendon McCullum"],"string":"[\n \"Brendon McCullum\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"8060391","text":"New Zealand's target and win the match. Martin Guptill has accrued the most runs in the format, and is the only batsman to have scored more than 2,200 runs. Aaron Finch has made the two highest individual scores in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018 eclipsing his previous record of 156, against England in 2013. Pakistani bowler Shahid Afridi holds the records for the most wickets, having taken 98 wickets in 99 matches. Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis has recorded the best two set of bowling figures in T20Is, and is the first bowler to have taken","title":"Twenty20 International"},{"id":"5609767","text":"Brendon McCullum Brendon Barrie \"Baz\" McCullum, (born 27 September 1981) is a New Zealand former international cricketer, who played all formats, and also a former captain in all forms. McCullum took quick scoring to Test matches as well, notably recording the fastest test century of all time. He is considered as one of the most successful batsmen and captains of New Zealand cricket. McCullum is the former leading run scorer in Twenty20 International cricket and is the first and so far only one of the two players to have scored two Twenty20 International centuries and 2000 runs in T20 Internationals(apart","title":"Brendon McCullum"},{"id":"8060390","text":"in for the 2024 Summer Games, but there must be collective support shown by the ICC's membership base, in particular from BCCI, in order for there to be a chance of inclusion. The highest team total in a T20I was made by Australia in September 2016, against Sri Lanka. Australia scored 263 runs for the loss of three wickets (263/3). The lowest total also came in a match involving Sri Lanka: in 2014, the Netherlands were bowled out for just 39 runs against them. The highest successful chase was made in February 2018, when Australia scored 245 runs to overhaul","title":"Twenty20 International"},{"id":"4825488","text":"most ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries. The first Twenty20 International (T20I) century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Rohit Sharma currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, having scored 4 T20I Centuries. The fastest recorded century in Test cricket terms of balls faced is held by Brendon McCullum who scored 100 runs from 54 balls against Australia at Christchurch, New Zealand in 2016, beating the previous record of 56 held jointly by Viv Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq. The","title":"Century (cricket)"},{"id":"2466837","text":"Graham Gooch Graham Alan Gooch, (born 23 July 1953) is a former English first-class cricketer who captained Essex and England. He was one of the most successful international batsmen of his generation, and through a career spanning from 1973 until 2000, he became the most prolific run scorer of all time, with 67,057 runs across first-class and limited-overs games.<ref name=\"Records / Combined First-class, List A and Twenty20 / Batting records / Most runs in career\"></ref> His List A cricket tally of 22,211 runs is also a record. He is one of only twenty-five players to have scored over 100 first-class","title":"Graham Gooch"},{"id":"8564083","text":"On 29 August 2013, Finch set a new record for Twenty20 international cricket for the highest ever T20I individual score, when he scored 156 runs off 63 balls for Australia against England at the Rose Bowl, Southampton. Finch's innings included 14 sixes (also a record) and 11 fours. The previous record was 123 runs, scored by Brendon McCullum of New Zealand. Aaron Finch was the first and only player to score 150 in a T20I innings and holds the record for the highest maiden ton in T20 internationals (156) On 3 December 2014 Finch, along with Tom Cooper and Michael","title":"Aaron Finch"},{"id":"11635192","text":"most fifties in the format. He also holds the records of most runs in a single tournament of both the World Twenty20 and the IPL. He is the only batsman in history to average over 50 in Tests, ODIs and T20Is simultaneously. On 27 October 2018, he became the first batsman for India, and tenth overall, to score three successive centuries in ODIs. In December 2018, Kohli became the first Asian captain to win test match in England, Australia and South Africa. Kohli has been the recipient of many awards such as the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of","title":"Virat Kohli"},{"id":"8029144","text":"being a skilful player of the reverse sweep shot. After Alastair Cook was removed from the ODI captaincy on 19 December 2014, Morgan was named as the England captain for the 2015 Cricket World Cup having already captained England in ODIs and T20Is as a stand-in. He is the only England captain to have scored more than 4 ODI centuries. On 19 June 2018 during the third match of the home ODI series against Australia, Eoin Morgan surpassed the national record of Ian Bell for becoming the all-time leading run scorer for England in One Day International matches where coincidentally","title":"Eoin Morgan"},{"id":"3583379","text":"in his T20 career, by Junaid Khan. On 18 April 2017, Gayle reached the 10,000 runs milestone in T20 cricket after scoring 77 runs off 38 balls in a match against Gujarat Lions where Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 21 runs. He was also awarded the man of the match which was his first in IPL 2017. On 16 September 2017, Gayle became the first ever player to hit 100 T20I sixes. On 28 January 2018, he was bought by Kings XI Punjab in the 2018 IPL Auction for his base price of ₹2 crores. On 19 April, Gayle scored","title":"Chris Gayle"},{"id":"14010884","text":"Twenty20 (75 runs from 54 balls) and the 2011 Cricket World Cup (97 from 122). Gambhir is the only Indian and one of four international cricketers to have scored hundreds in five consecutive Test matches. He is the only Indian batsman to have scored more than 300 runs in four consecutive Test series. As of April 2018, he is the sixth highest run-scorer for India in Twenty20 Internationals. Under Gambhir's captaincy, the Kolkata Knight Riders won their IPL title in 2012 and again in 2014. He was conferred the Arjuna Award, India's second highest sporting award, in the year 2008","title":"Gautam Gambhir"},{"id":"15639975","text":"top-scoring with 54 runs from 36 balls. For the West Indies, Carlos Brathwaite took 3/23 and Samuel Badree took 2/16, including a maiden. The West Indies subsequently reached their target with just two balls to spare. They required 19 runs from the final over, bowled by Ben Stokes, which Brathwaite reached by hitting four consecutive sixes. Marlon Samuels scored 85 not out from 66 balls – the highest score in World T20 final history – and was named the final's Man of the Match for the second time. The match was played to a near-capacity crowd, with 66,000 people in","title":"2016 ICC World Twenty20"},{"id":"3586574","text":"action has come under scrutiny (particularly his doosra) but he has had elbow surgery to correct this. Malik was ranked second, behind teammate Shahid Afridi, in the ICC ODI all-rounder rankings in June 2008. In March 2010, Malik received a one-year ban from international cricket from the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB); the ban was overturned two months later. On 13 September 2017, Malik became the highest run–scorer in T20I for Pakistan. On 1 July 2018, Malik also became the first Asian batsman to score 2,000 runs in T20Is, and third overall and first player to play 100 T20Is in the","title":"Shoaib Malik"},{"id":"679360","text":"leading run scorer in Tests, with 15,921 runs, as well as in One-Day Internationals, with 18,426 runs. He is the only player to score more than 30,000 runs in all forms of international cricket (Tests, ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals). He is the 16th player and the first Indian to score 50,000 runs in all forms of domestic and international recognised cricket (First-class, List A and Twenty20). He achieved this feat on 5 October 2013, during a Champions League Twenty20 match for his IPL team Mumbai Indians against Trinidad and Tobago. He also holds the record of the highest number of","title":"Sachin Tendulkar"},{"id":"19137980","text":"Colin Ackermann Colin Niel Ackermann (born 4 April 1991) is a South African first-class cricketer who plays for the Warriors cricket team. He scored the most runs in the 2016–17 Sunfoil Series, with a total of 883 from ten matches and seventeen innings. Ahead of the 2017 season, Ackermann signed for English county side Leicestershire County Cricket Club on a two-year contract. In May 2017, he was named Domestic Players' Player of the Season at Cricket South Africa's annual awards. In August 2017, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Stars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global","title":"Colin Ackermann"},{"id":"13502819","text":"Punam Raut Punam Ganesh Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in one Test cricket, 28 women's one-day internationals and 27 t20 internationals for India. On 15 May 2017, in a ODI verses Ireland, Raut set a world record opening partnership of 320 runs with Deepti Sharma, contributing 109. This beat both the standing women's record of 229 (by Sarah Taylor and Caroline Atkins of England) and the standing men's record in ODIs of 286 (by Upul Tharanga and Sanath Jayasuriya of Sri Lanka). Raut was part of the Indian team to reach the final of","title":"Punam Raut"},{"id":"3583378","text":"record set by Indian batsman Yuvraj Singh against England in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. He reached 51 in just 12 deliveries which included seven sixes and smashed the previous record of 18 deliveries set by Strikers batsman Tim Ludeman. He was dismissed shortly after for 56 off 17 balls by Travis Head. Chris Gayle was signed by Lahore Qalandars in 2016 for 200,000 dollars to play in the Pakistan Super League. Gayle had his worst T20 league, citing back problems. He only scored 103 runs from five matches and was also out twice for a golden duck, the most","title":"Chris Gayle"},{"id":"3578832","text":"to \"run\" was gradual and both terms were in use in 1800. The result of a match played in Sussex on 3 August 1800 was a win \"by 25 notches\" while another match in Sussex on 9 August 1800 was won \"by an innings and 38 runs\". For team and individual run-scoring records, see List of Test cricket records, List of One Day International cricket records, List of Twenty20 International records, and List of first-class cricket records. Run (cricket) In cricket, a run is the unit of scoring. The team with the most runs wins in many versions of the","title":"Run (cricket)"},{"id":"2570777","text":"India ahead of the World T20. In Super10 match against he missed a full delivery and was bowled by the second ball. In both matches, he put down what could have been costly misses Chris Gayle and Mohammad Hafeez but India created and converted more chances soon after. His solitary over in the tournament so far went for 13. Yuvraj scored 60 off 43 balls, his third fifty against Australia at Mirpur and his eighth in T20Is. Yuvraj has gone past Gautam Gambhir to become the top run-scorer for India in T20 internationals. He had an 84-run partnership with Mahendra","title":"Yuvraj Singh"},{"id":"7309389","text":"van Wyk scored a Twenty20 International century in the third T20I of the series, and by doing so became the third South African to score a T20I century. He also represented the Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League scoring 167 runs from the 5 matches he played with a highest score of 74. In August 2017, he was named in Bloem City Blazers' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2018, he was","title":"Morné van Wyk"},{"id":"6404635","text":"West Indies and this resulted in him establishing himself as a regular in the Test, ODI and T20 teams. In 2011 he won an amazing 10 Man-of-the-Match awards in all forms of international cricket and became only the third player (after Sanath Jayasuriya and Jacques Kallis) to score 1000 runs and take 30 wickets in ODI matches within a calendar year. Against India on 18 March 2012 in Bangladesh at Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur at the 2012 Asia Cup, he scored 105 off 113 balls and was involved in a 224 run partnership with Nasir Jamshed, which is the","title":"Mohammad Hafeez"},{"id":"9330689","text":"became the most prolific run-getter for India at the end of 100th ODI. He Scored total 323 runs in 6 ODI Matches & India lead series won the series of 5–1. In T20I Series Dhawan Score most runs in the Series with 143 runs with the average off 47.67 Strike rate off 156.76 and also smash 72 off 39 balls and series won by 2–1. On 25 February 2018, Shikhar Dhawan was named vice-captain of India for the T20 Tri-series in Sri Lanka. On 14 June 2018, Dhawan became the only Indian and sixth overall player to score a century","title":"Shikhar Dhawan"},{"id":"6407304","text":"run-scorer for Water and Power Development Authority in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, with 610 runs in ten matches. An accumulator, Butt works hard for his runs, not indulging in too many big hits; his statistics show the low number of 19 international sixes to date (1 September 2010) of which he's scored 10 in Twenty20 cricket, 7 in One-Day Internationals and only six in Test cricket. He scores a lot of his runs between backward point and extra cover. He uses his superb wrist work to angle the bat, placing the ball into gaps using the pace of the ball","title":"Salman Butt"},{"id":"3586590","text":"Malik Pakistan has become only country to have three batsman in T20I who have scored more than 1,500 runs. These are Umar Akmal, Mohammad Hafeez and Shoaib Malik.He is currently the leading Run scorer for Pakistan in T20 internationals with more than 1,700 Runs (as of 13 sep 2017). Shoaib Malik is captain of the Sialkot Stallions. He has led them to a record 8 domestic T20 titles with the most recent coming on 18 May 2015. In April 2018, he was named as the captain of Punjab's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. Shoaib Malik was appointed the captain","title":"Shoaib Malik"},{"id":"679372","text":"1,50,289 copies confirmed. Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career: Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team, regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai","title":"Sachin Tendulkar"},{"id":"679276","text":"Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team, regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first","title":"Sachin Tendulkar"},{"id":"18312009","text":"Reeza Hendricks Reeza Raphael Hendricks (born 14 August 1989) is a South African cricketer who plays for the Highveld Lions. He is a right-hand middle-order batsman who has played for the South Africa cricket team in 2017/18. In November 2017, he scored his first century in a Twenty20 match, when he made 102 not out for Lions against Dolphins in the 2017–18 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. He was the leading run-scorer during the tournament, finishing with 361 runs in eight matches. In January 2018, he became the first player to score a century in all three franchise competitions in South","title":"Reeza Hendricks"},{"id":"17929898","text":"2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Shield, which the team lost to Namibia. Shaiman has since been a regular for the UAE, and across the 2011–13 WCL Championship, scored 625 runs from 14 matches, the most of any player. On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Edmonton Royals in the players' draft for the inaugural edition of the Global T20 Canada tournament. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in February 2014, against Scotland in the final of the World Cup Qualifier, and his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut in March 2014, against the Netherlands in the World Twenty20.","title":"Shaiman Anwar"},{"id":"2432741","text":"was praised by many including Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Jhulan Goswami is the world's leading ODI wicket-taker while Mithali Raj, the captain, is the leading run-scorer in ODI cricket. India national cricket team The India national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club","title":"India national cricket team"},{"id":"18386658","text":"four matches, also making centuries against Ireland (120) and Namibia (144 not out). In February 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named Vala as one of the ten players to watch ahead of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament. In June 2018, at the Papua New Guinea Cricket Awards, he won the Tony Elly Medal for the best male player. In August 2018, he was the leading run-scorer in Group A of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 East Asia-Pacific Qualifier tournament, with 294 runs in six matches. Assad Vala Assad Vala (born 5 August 1987) is a Papua New","title":"Assad Vala"},{"id":"19003385","text":"2018, he was named in Border's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In Border's opening match of the tournament, against Namibia, Marais scored 103 not out, although Border lost the match by five wickets. On the following day, Marais scored his second century of the tournament, making 106 not out. He scored 295 runs in four matches, with Cricket South Africa calling him the standout player of the tournament. He finished the tournament as the leading run-scorer, with 359 runs in six matches. In October 2018, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Giants' squad for the first edition","title":"Marco Marais"},{"id":"9667238","text":"Richard Levi Richard Ernst Levi (born 14 January 1988) is a South African cricketer. He played in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He currently plays for Western Province, Cape Cobras and Northamptonshire. He attended Wynberg Boys' High school in Cape Town and received honours for cricket in 2005. During 2012, Levi played 13 international Twenty20 matches for South Africa. He had a highest score of 117*, in his second match, against New Zealand at Seddon Park in Hamilton. He held the record for the most runs scored in a Twenty20 international innings tied with Chris Gayle.","title":"Richard Levi"},{"id":"2569165","text":"his dominating performance throughout the World Cup. Hayden played only one more season of ODI cricket, his last match for Australia being the second final of the 2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series. Hayden played nine Twenty20 Internationals for Australia, including the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. He was the tournament's top scorer, with 265 runs. He scored 308 runs in T20Is with the average of 51.33 when retiring. In the 2003 New Year's Test in Sydney against England, Hayden smashed a pavilion window in anger, after disagreeing with an umpire's decision to give him out. He was fined for this incident. He","title":"Matthew Hayden"},{"id":"18739262","text":"Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer, born 1992) Mukhtar Ahmed (born 20 December 1992) is a Pakistani cricketer, who plays for Twenty20 Internationals for Pakistan and domestic cricket for Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Fighters and Sialkot Stallions. He was the leading run-scorer for Rawalpindi in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 434 runs in seven matches. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Pakistan against Bangladesh on 24 April 2015. His first T20 international fifty came in his second match against Zimbabwe in Lahore on 22 May 2015. For this innings he was named man of the match. Two days later in the second match","title":"Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer, born 1992)"},{"id":"6887345","text":"most number of centuries in all forms of T20s(7). He's also holding the record for scoring most number of t20 centuries before making an international debut.Also he has the record for scoring the most number of runs in T20 cricket before making international T20 debut(4225).He also has scored the most number of runs in professional cricket before making an international debut for Australia(22163) He was the first cricketer to score 3 centuries in a single T20 tournament(in the 2015 Nat West Blast) In December 2012, Klinger was signed by English county Gloucestershire, not only as their overseas player for the","title":"Michael Klinger"},{"id":"16307473","text":"scored 432 runs from 16 matches, including two half-centuries, and ended the tournament as Kings XI Punjab's leading run-scorer. He was also adjudged the winner of \"Rising Star of the tournament Award\". On 18 July 2012 he was included in 30 probables for the World T20 tournament to be played in Sri Lanka in September 2012. However, he was not selected in the final 15-member squad. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Zimbabwe at Harare Sports Club on 18 June 2016. Mandeep play for Punjab in Ranji Trophy & Vijay Hazare Trophy and for North Zone in Zonal","title":"Mandeep Singh"},{"id":"20313785","text":"the fifth batsman to score a century in his first and last Test matches. In the process, he moved up to fifth on the list of all-time leading run-scorers in Test cricket, moving ahead of Kumar Sangakkara. In the same match, James Anderson took his 564th wicket, the most wickets in Tests by a fast bowler, going past Glenn McGrath. England went on to win the Test series 4–1. Ahead of the tour, Suresh Raina replaced Ambati Rayudu in India's ODI squad, after Rayudu failed a fitness test. India's Jasprit Bumrah was ruled out for the T20I series due to","title":"Indian cricket team in England in 2018"},{"id":"2432731","text":"Jadeja are considered to be the best bowlers in Test cricket and occupy the top two spots in the rankings for Test bowlers . Virat Kohli became the first captain in history to score double tons in three consecutive series, against New Zealand, England and Bangladesh in 2017. Test record versus other nations Most Test runs for India Most Test wickets for India ODI record versus other nations Most ODI runs for India Most ODI wickets for India T20I record versus other nations Most T20I runs for India Most T20I wickets for India \"Players in bold text are still active","title":"India national cricket team"},{"id":"5526377","text":"nations Most T20I runs for Ireland Most T20I wickets for Ireland Highest T20I score for Ireland T20I record versus other nations Most first-class runs Most first-class wickets Highest individual innings Note: Ivan Anderson's 198* v Canada was in a non-first-class match Ireland cricket team The Ireland cricket team represents all of Ireland. They participate in Test, One Day International and Twenty20 International matches. They are the 11th Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC), having been awarded Test status, along with Afghanistan, on 22 June 2017. Ireland are ranked 12th in One Day International (ODI) cricket. Ireland played their","title":"Ireland cricket team"},{"id":"18312012","text":"a batsman on ODI debut and he was named the man of the match. Reeza Hendricks Reeza Raphael Hendricks (born 14 August 1989) is a South African cricketer who plays for the Highveld Lions. He is a right-hand middle-order batsman who has played for the South Africa cricket team in 2017/18. In November 2017, he scored his first century in a Twenty20 match, when he made 102 not out for Lions against Dolphins in the 2017–18 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. He was the leading run-scorer during the tournament, finishing with 361 runs in eight matches. In January 2018, he became","title":"Reeza Hendricks"},{"id":"15320664","text":"this century, Maxwell joined elite club of players to score more than one century in Twenty20 International history with Brendon McCullum, Chris Gayle, Evin Lewis and record holders Colin Munro and Rohit Sharma. In addition, Maxwell took 3-10 with the ball, including two wickets in consecutive balls. He was Man of the Match for his all-round efforts. Maxwell was bought by the Delhi Daredevils for $1.75 million. On 28 March 2018, Maxwell was urgently recalled to the Australian Test squad following the suspensions of Steve Smith, David Warner and Cameron Bancroft for ball tampering during the Third Test of the","title":"Glenn Maxwell"},{"id":"20920835","text":"Monank Patel Monank Patel (born May 1, 1993) is an American cricketer. In August 2018, he was named in the United States' squad for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Americas Qualifier tournament in Morrisville, North Carolina. He was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, with 208 runs in six matches. In October 2018, he was named in the United States' squad for the 2018–19 Regional Super50 tournament in the West Indies. He made his List A debut for the United States against Combined Campuses and Colleges on October 6, 2018. On October 22, in the match against Jamaica, Patel scored","title":"Monank Patel"},{"id":"6407303","text":"the 2017-18 National T20 Cup he jointly with Kamran Akmal set the world record opening partnership in T20 history of unbeaten 209 runstand, surpassing the previous highest opening partnership of 207 in any form of T20 cricket held by Joe Denly and Daniel Bell-Drummond. The record runstand was also the third highest partnership in terms of runs for any wicket in T20 history. In April 2018, he was named in Sindh's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 559 runs in ten matches. He was also the leading","title":"Salman Butt"},{"id":"5997103","text":"She scored 100s: 1 and 50s: 4 in Test cricket, 100s: 5 and 50s: 50 with best bowling of 3/4 in ODI's and 50s: 10 in T20's. In February 2017, she became the second player to score 5,500 runs in WODIs. Raj is the first player to captain most matches for India in ODI and T20I. In July 2017, she became the first player to score 6,000 runs in WODIs. She led the Indian team to the final of the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup where the team lost to England by nine runs. In December 2017, she was named","title":"Mithali Raj"},{"id":"2873865","text":"in cricket. This is reflected by the fact that he is the only player to score more than 7,000 ODI runs at an average under 25. Afridi is the only player in the world who has scored 1,000 runs and 50 wickets in the T20 format of the game. Afridi has moved about the batting order, and this lack of consistency has made it difficult for him to settle. In the Indian subcontinent, where the ball quickly loses its shine, he prefers to open the batting; however, elsewhere he prefers to bat at number six. On 22 August 2017, in","title":"Shahid Afridi"},{"id":"3539467","text":"wicket in Test matches, without conceding any runs, thus averaging zero. In One Day Internationals, the varying criteria set by ESPNcricinfo and CricketArchive result in different players being listed as holding the record. ESPNcricinfo has the stricter restriction, requiring 1,000 deliveries: by this measure, Joel Garner is the record-holder, having claimed his wickets at an average of 18.84. By CricketArchive's more relaxed requirement of 400 deliveries, John Snow leads the way, with an average of 16.57. The record is again split for the two websites for Twenty20 International cricket; in this situation ESPNcricinfo has the lower boundary, requiring just 30","title":"Bowling average"},{"id":"19005267","text":"Gihahn Cloete Gihahn Cloete (born 4 October 1992) is a South African cricketer. He was included in the Eastern Province cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2018, he was named in Border's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In October 2018, he was named in Tshwane Spartans' squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. He was the leading run-scorer for the team in the tournament, with 330 runs in ten matches. In September 2018, he was named in South Africa's Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Zimbabwe. He made his","title":"Gihahn Cloete"},{"id":"8564089","text":"any wicket in any form of T20, just behind 229 runs set by Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers. Australia finally won the match by 100 runs, which is their biggest winning margin in T20Is. During the match he also shattered the record of Herschelle Gibbs for scoring most number of fours by a player in a completed T20I innings with 16. In September 2018, he was named in Australia's Test squad for their series against Pakistan. He made his Test debut for Australia against Pakistan on 7 October 2018. He had his baggy green cap presented to him by","title":"Aaron Finch"},{"id":"17330485","text":"In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's first ever Test match, to be played against Pakistan later the same month, but he was not selected to play. In June 2018, Shannon scored his first T20I half-century against India. James Shannon (cricketer) James Norman Knight Shannon (born 12 February 1990) is an Irish cricketer. Shannon is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off spin. On 26 May 2013, Shannon made his One Day International debut for Ireland against Pakistan. He scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy, Ireland's domestic Twenty20 competition, with 251 runs","title":"James Shannon (cricketer)"},{"id":"5387538","text":"stadiums in the state of Punjab will get an opportunity to host international cricket matches. The highest score in Test cricket was made by India who scored 374 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were by Anshuman Gaekwad (201 runs), Wasim Raja (125 runs) and Javed Miandad (66 runs). The most wickets taken were by Wasim Raja and Kapil Dev (4 wickets), along with Ravi Shastri (3 wickets). The highest score in ODI cricket was made by West Indies who scored 226 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were Dilip Vengsarkar (88 runs), Richie Richardson (77 runs) and Aamer Malik","title":"Gandhi Stadium"},{"id":"3605056","text":"between South Africa vs West Indies, the whole South African team was awarded man of the match In Test matches, Jacques Kallis holds the record for the highest number of awards won, with 23 in 166 matches played. In ODIs, Sachin Tendulkar holds the record for the highest number of man of the match titles, with 62 awards in 463 matches played. Tendulkar is followed by Sanath Jayasuriya, who, along with Ricky Ponting, also holds the record for the most Man of the Match titles as captain. In the shortest form of the game, T20 Internationals, this record is held","title":"Player of the match"},{"id":"2432725","text":"12 months and the forms in which they have played. Correct . Key Other players with a central contract who have not played for India in the past 12 months: Karun Nair and Jayant Yadav (both Grade C) The BCCI awards central contracts to its players, its pay graded according to the importance of the player. Players' salaries are as follows: Players also receive a match fee of per Test match, per ODI, and per T20I. † Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history","title":"India national cricket team"},{"id":"15918549","text":"Chamu Chibhabha. In the 2017 CPL Draft, he was selected by the St Kitts & Nevis Patriots. In March 2017, he was named in the West Indies squad for the Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Pakistan, but did not play. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Regional Super50 tournament, with 351 runs in eight matches. Jonathan Carter (cricketer) Jonathan Lyndon Carter (born 16 November 1987 in Belleplaine, Barbados) is a cricketer who plays for Barbados. He is a big-hitting left-handed batsman who also bowls right-arm medium pace. He first played for Barbados in 2007 in a List A","title":"Jonathan Carter (cricketer)"},{"id":"11420231","text":"the equal second-fastest player and also the youngest Australian, ever to do so. Smith garnered praise from opponent captain Joe Root for leading the team from the front, and in Root's opinion Smith was the difference between the two teams during 2017–18 Ashes series. Smith was the highest run scorer in the series, scoring 687 runs at an average of 137.40, including three centuries and two fifties. Smith was rested for the T20 series against New Zealand and England so he could prepare for the South African Tests. The series was marred by controversial incidents on and off field. Australia","title":"Steve Smith (cricketer)"},{"id":"17968611","text":"slow bowlers. Ironically West Indies qualified for the Super-8 stage without winning even a single match in the initial round. Pakistan and Australia were the losing semi-finalists, with Pakistan making into last four on all the occasions and Australia missing only in 2009. India won both the matches of the first round becoming the only team not to lose even a single first round match in the first four editions of the ICC World Twenty20. Shane Watson topped the run charts with 249 runs. Chris Gayle struck 16 sixes, maximum by any player. Ajantha Mendis topped wickets chart with 16","title":"History of the ICC World Twenty20"},{"id":"9802749","text":"Zealand's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as one of the players to watch. During the tournament, she became the first cricketer, male or female, to score 3,000 runs in Twenty20 International matches. She was the leading run-scorer for New Zealand in the tournament, with 161 runs in four matches. Following the conclusion of the tournament, she was named as the standout player in the team by the International Cricket Council (ICC). In November 2018, she was named in the Adelaide Strikers' squad for the 2018–19","title":"Suzie Bates"},{"id":"18828687","text":"Corey Bisson Corey Bisson (born 19 June 1993) is a cricketer who plays for Jersey. In 2014 he played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Four. He was selected in the Jersey squad for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament and the 2016 ICC World Cricket League Division Four matches held in Los Angeles. At the Division Four tournament, he was the leading run-scorer, with a total of 242. In April 2018, he was named in Jersey's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament in Malaysia. In August 2018, he was named in","title":"Corey Bisson"},{"id":"17330484","text":"James Shannon (cricketer) James Norman Knight Shannon (born 12 February 1990) is an Irish cricketer. Shannon is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off spin. On 26 May 2013, Shannon made his One Day International debut for Ireland against Pakistan. He scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy, Ireland's domestic Twenty20 competition, with 251 runs in six matches. He also scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Championship tournament, with 446 runs in four matches. In December 2018, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract by Cricket Ireland for the 2019 season.","title":"James Shannon (cricketer)"},{"id":"17191775","text":"record in ODIs. The team have played 13 countries in T20Is, and have played 16 matches with Sri Lanka. They also have recorded the most victories against Sri Lanka, defeating them in five matches. India national cricket team record by opponent The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an","title":"India national cricket team record by opponent"},{"id":"13502820","text":"the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup where the team lost to England by nine runs. Punam Raut Punam Ganesh Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in one Test cricket, 28 women's one-day internationals and 27 t20 internationals for India. On 15 May 2017, in a ODI verses Ireland, Raut set a world record opening partnership of 320 runs with Deepti Sharma, contributing 109. This beat both the standing women's record of 229 (by Sarah Taylor and Caroline Atkins of England) and the standing men's record in ODIs of 286 (by Upul Tharanga and Sanath Jayasuriya","title":"Punam Raut"},{"id":"3741620","text":"2017. Watson is the only player to lead most runs, most wickets, highest score, highest batting average, most sixes, for a team in T20, which he held for 4 years (2014–17). Also the first player to win man of the tournament IPL twice. Watson played in the Indian Premier League for the Rajasthan Royals in the inaugural IPL season in 2008. Signed for US $125,000, he performed well with both the bat and the ball scoring four half-centuries to anchor his team to victory in three matches of the tournament and in the semi-finals. He picked up 17 wickets, won","title":"Shane Watson"},{"id":"7304633","text":"team against the Zimbabwean national cricket team when they scored 373/8 on 9 Feb 2012. The most runs scored in this ground have been by Nathan Astle and Stephen Fleming-(743 runs), followed by Ross Taylor-710 runs. The most wickets have been taken by Daniel Vettori-30 wickets-ahead of three players with 17. The first T20I at the venue was held on 3 January 2017, between New Zealand and Bangladesh. With that, McLean park became the sixth venue in New Zealand to host a T20 international. McLean Park McLean Park is a sports ground in Napier, New Zealand. The two main sports","title":"McLean Park"},{"id":"6376173","text":"innings and broke the record for scoring the most number of runs in a 6 match bilateral ODI series In December 2006, Boje announced his retirement from international cricket, effective immediately. He finished his career with exactly 100 Test wickets, the wicket of Mahela Jayawardene in his final Test brought up his milestone. Nicky Boje Nico Boje ( ; born 20 March 1973) is a former South African cricketer who played in 43 Tests, 115 One Day Internationals and single Twenty20 International for South Africa. Boje was a member of Africa XI team for 2005 Afro-Asia Cup. He is the","title":"Nicky Boje"},{"id":"19309988","text":"champions – England won the 2010 World T20 for their first ICC world championship while the West Indies won the 2012 World T20. Both teams were drawn into Super 10s Group 1 alongside Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. They played each other in their opening game on 16 March at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, with the West Indies winning by six wickets with 11 balls to spare. West Indian opener Chris Gayle scored an unbeaten 100 runs off 47 balls, including 11 sixes, becoming the first player to hit two T20 International centuries. In addition, immediately before the","title":"2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final"},{"id":"17967688","text":"matches, and was named the player of the tournament. In October 2018, she was named in Ireland's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20. She announced that she will retire from international cricket following the end of the tournament. Ahead of the tournament, she was also named as one of the players to watch. During Ireland's match against India, she scored her 1,000th run in WT20Is. She was the leading run-scorer for Ireland in the tournament, with 81 runs in four matches. Clare Shillington Clare Mary Alice Shillington (born 8 January 1981) is an Irish former cricketer. She is","title":"Clare Shillington"},{"id":"17968609","text":"three matches of the Super-8 stage. To the frustration of the commercial gurus in the game, India's elimination before the semi-finals again meant lost revenue. The two Associates – Ireland and Afghanistan – far from disgraced themselves. Mahela Jayawardene scored 302 runs, maximum in this edition of World T20. Dirk Nannes, the Dutch bowler who later qualified for Australian selection was the highest wicket taker with 14 wickets. Cameron White with 12 sixes topped the number of sixes chart. The 2012 edition was to be expanded into a 16 team format however this was reverted to 12. It was the","title":"History of the ICC World Twenty20"},{"id":"2627247","text":"in the period before early-1999, due to lack of form and discipline, before becoming One Day International captain in early-2002 and Test captain in early 2004. After being involved in over 160 Tests and 370 ODIs, Ponting is Australia's leading run-scorer in Test and ODI cricket. He is one of only four players (along with Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Jacques Kallis) in history to have scored 13,000 Test runs. Statistically, he is one of the most successful captains of all time, with 48 victories in 77 Tests between 2004 and 31 December 2010. As a player, Ponting is the","title":"Ricky Ponting"},{"id":"19309990","text":"and had won Ashes series such as batsman Joe Root, wicketkeeper Jos Buttler and fast bowler Liam Plunkett. After their loss to the West Indies, England beat South Africa with the highest successful run chase (229) in World T20 history before beating Afghanistan and then Sri Lanka to reach the semifinal. In the semifinal they came up against unbeaten New Zealand in Delhi. New Zealand made a strong start to be 89 for 1 after 10 overs, before tight bowling by Chris Jordan and Ben Stokes kept them to 153. English opener Jason Roy scored 78 off 44, a Man","title":"2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final"},{"id":"20498321","text":"the fifth match, Australia's Meg Lanning became the first player for Australia, male or female, to score 2,000 runs in Twenty20 Internationals. Australia Women and England Women qualified for the final, after India Women lost their first three matches of the series. In the final, Australia Women beat England Women by 57 runs to win the series. In the match, Australia Women scored 209 runs, the highest team total in a WT20I fixture. Australia Women also set a new record for the most fours scored in a Twenty20 International by any side, male or female, with 32 boundaries. With nine","title":"2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series"},{"id":"17928586","text":"played. On 21 March 2014 against Ireland, Myburgh equalled the record of the second fastest fifty in Twenty20 International with Paul Stirling of Ireland. He scored the fifty with 17 balls, where Dutch required to win the game in 14 overs to qualify for the Super 10 stage. With blistering innings by Myburgh, Netherlands won the match in 13.5 overs with 6 wickets remaining. Myburgh adjudged man of the match as well. He was the third highest run scorer in the tournament after Virat Kohli and fellow dutch Tom Cooper with 224 runs in 7 T20I matches. He scored 3","title":"Stephan Myburgh"},{"id":"3583373","text":"awarded as an extra due to the no ball. He can therefore be said to have hit 36 off an over that went for 37. Gayle won the Orange Cap Award for scoring the most runs in the tournament amassing 608 runs in 12 matches. He was instrumental in many victories for the Royal Challengers Bangalore and received five Man of the Match awards and also the Player of the Tournament award for his performances. In the 2011 Champions League Twenty20, Chris Gayle was the second highest run-scorer in the competition, behind David Warner, with 257 runs from 6 matches","title":"Chris Gayle"},{"id":"15630104","text":"matches in the competition, the last coming against Hong Kong. In his 6 matches in the competition, he scored 92 runs at a batting average of 15.33, with a half century high score of 52. This score came against Bermuda. Ura made his One Day International debut for Papua New Guinea on 8 November 2014 against Hong Kong in Australia. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Papua New Guinea against Ireland in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament on 15 July 2015. In the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier, Ura scored a national record 151 runs from 142","title":"Tony Ura"},{"id":"19260696","text":"World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In October 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad in the Southern sub region group for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier tournament in Botswana. On 29 October 2018, in the match against Mozambique, he became the first batsman to score a century in the group, scoring 100 from 48 balls. He was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, with 243 runs in six matches. Lohan Louwrens Lohan Louwrens (born 24 April 1999) is a Namibian cricketer. He","title":"Lohan Louwrens"},{"id":"9401429","text":"awarded a central contract by New Zealand Cricket, following the tours of Ireland and England in the previous months. In October 2018, she was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as the star of the team. On 11 July 2015, Devine broke the international record (men or women) for the fastest Twenty20 half century (from 18 balls), and fastest 70 runs (from 22 balls), and included scoring 32 off one over in the first match against India. She notably holds the record","title":"Sophie Devine"},{"id":"8060378","text":"game, and was not intended to be played internationally, but the first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005 when Australia defeated New Zealand, and the first tournament was played two years later, with the introduction of the ICC World Twenty20. In 2016, for the first time in a calendar year, more Twenty20 International matches (100) were played than ODI matches (99). There remain limits on how many Twenty20 Internationals a team can play each year, in order to protect Test cricket and One Day Internationals. As of 2017, 18 nations featured in ICC T20I team rankings. Twenty20 International","title":"Twenty20 International"},{"id":"5997098","text":"from India (either male or female) to score 2000 runs in T20Is and also set the milestone for becoming the first woman cricketer to reach 2000 T20I runs. Raj is the only player (male or female) to have captained India in more than one ICC ODI World Cup final, doing so twice in 2005 and 2017. Mithali Raj was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan on 3 December 1982 . Her father is Dorai Raj, who was an Airman (Warrant Officer) in the Indian Air Force, and mother is Leela Raj. She is from tamil family. Mithali started to play the game","title":"Mithali Raj"},{"id":"20326241","text":"hedge funds worldwide. In 2016, he founded German Cricket TV, an online video channel for supporting and growing cricket in Germany. In September 2018, he was the leading run-scorer for Germany in Group A of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier tournament. He was also named the player of the series, after scoring 180 runs, including three fifties, in five matches. Daniel Weston Daniel Weston (born 11 March 1983) is a German cricketer. He was named in Germany's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in Germany's opening fixture, against","title":"Daniel Weston"},{"id":"18208279","text":"Richmond Mutumbami Richmond Mutumbami (born 11 June 1989) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. A wicket-keeper batsman, Mutumbami made his first-class debut as a 17-year-old against Southerns in April 2007. Six years later, in April 2013, he made his international debut in a Test match against Bangladesh. He made his Twenty20 International debut against Pakistan in May 2015. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2017–18 Logan Cup for Matabeleland Tuskers, with 442 runs in seven matches. Mutumbami was named in the 21-Member squad for the Bangladeshi tour in April 2013. He made his test debut against Bangladesh in April 2013. He","title":"Richmond Mutumbami"},{"id":"5387209","text":"an innings against Pakistan, Sachin Tendulkar's 35th test ton to overcome Sunil Gavaskar to become the batsman with the most international Test centuries. As of 1 Nov, 2017 it has hosted 32 Tests, 20 ODIs and 2 T20I. The first Test match at this venue was played on 10 November 1948 when India took on the West Indies. It is owned and operated by the DDCA (Delhi District Cricket Association). In 1952, playing against Pakistan, Hemu Adhikari and Ghulam Ahmed were involved in a record tenth wicket stand of 109 runs – a record that still stands. In 1965, S","title":"Feroz Shah Kotla Ground"},{"id":"3580549","text":"end of the Australian innings, by ending 17 years of cricketing career. He ended his international career with a wicket off his last ball. At the retirement, Dilshan is the second highest T20I run scorer of all time as well. Commentators summarized his career with the quote Legends Never Retires. On 1 August 2015, Dilshan and fellow Sri Lankan cricketer Muttiah Muralitharan was appointed as the brand ambassadors for the Presidential Task Force to combat kidney disease by the President Maithripala Sirisena. Dilshan publicly displayed his support to Mahinda Rajapaksa at the 2015 Presidential Election. He did so by welcoming","title":"Tillakaratne Dilshan"},{"id":"9424480","text":"equalling Brian Lara's record for the most runs off an over in Test cricket. On 7 September 2014, George Bailey resigned as the captain of the Australian T20I team in order to focus solely on the 2015 ODI World Cup. In August 2017, he was named in a World XI side to play three Twenty20 International matches against Pakistan in the 2017 Independence Cup in Lahore. In the third match of the series, Bailey undertook wicketkeeping duties. During the 2012–13 summer, George Bailey led a one-day Australian team lacking draw-cards Dave Warner and Shane Watson. This led to criticism from","title":"George Bailey (cricketer)"},{"id":"3583515","text":"consistent form, scoring over 11,000 runs in Test cricket and is currently the 8th highest run scorer of all time in the format. Due to poor performances, Chanderpaul was dropped from the West Indies squad in 2015. After that, he announced his retirement from international cricket in 2016, without a farewell, at the age of 41. Shivnarine Chanderpaul was born to Indo-Guyanese parents Kamraj and Uma Chanderpaul in Unity Village, Guyana on 16 August 1974. His father, Kamraj Chanderpaul, helped to nurture his cricketing ability as a youngster. His ancestors moved from India to the West Indies as slaves under","title":"Shivnarine Chanderpaul"},{"id":"6304730","text":"As of 2016, he has passed 8,000 runs in both Test and ODI cricket and has a batting average of over fifty in both forms of the game. He is also the only batsman in ODI cricket to have completed a trio of 5000+ runs, 50+ average and 100+ strike rate in his career. As of May 2018, he had scored 20,014 runs in international cricket since debut, just lying second behind Kumar Sangakkara. AB De Villiers captained South Africa in all formats, but since his injuries, he stepped down from Test captaincy and continued in ODI(One Day Ininng) and","title":"AB de Villiers"},{"id":"9342254","text":"Khan for Pakistan Women against West Indies Women in Karachi in 2003/04. Three English batsmen, Janet Brittin with 1935 runs at 49.61, Charlotte Edwards, 1621 at 49.09 and Rachel Heyhoe-Flint with 1594 at 45.54, head the all-time run scoring lists while six other women have scored more than 1,000 Test runs. Mary Duggan of England took 77 Test wickets at 13.49 while Australia's Betty Wilson took 68 at 11.8. Seven other women have 50 or more victims to their name . Betty Wilson was the first player, male or female, to record a century and ten wickets in a Test","title":"History of women's cricket"},{"id":"15911271","text":"Meg Lanning Meghann Moira Lanning (born 25 March 1992) is an Australian international cricketer who currently captains the Australian women's national team and the Victorian Spirit. She holds the record for the most career centuries in women's One Day Internationals, with twelve. In March 2018, during Australia's match against England in the 2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series, Lanning became the first Australian, male or female, to score 2,000 runs in Twenty20 Internationals. She made her debut for the Victorian Spirit on 6 December 2008 against the South Australian Scorpions, scoring 3 runs as Victoria won by 45 runs. She played","title":"Meg Lanning"},{"id":"16407185","text":"the 2012 season. He was included in the Western Province cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup, with a total of 1,069 runs in nine matches. In August 2017, he was named in Cape Town Knight Riders' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2017, he scored his 25th century in first-class cricket, batting for Cape Cobras against Warriors in the 2017–18","title":"Pieter Malan"},{"id":"4071601","text":"subsequently decided to accelerate the innings, but this only triggered a collapse. The rain never came and Sri Lanka fell a long way short of the target. He resigned as Sri Lanka's T20 captain after the match and in 2014 also announced his retirement from T20 cricket. He holds the record for most number of catches in ODIs, taking 218 catches in 448 matches. matches. He also holds the record for the most runs in a Twenty20 World Cup Career having scored 858 runs in 25 innings, at an average of 40.8 runs per inning, in the four ICC World","title":"Mahela Jayawardene"},{"id":"5609784","text":"On 4 May 2010 McCullum became the first player to score 1,000 T20 international runs. He achieved this feat playing against Zimbabwe in the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 at Guyana. On 28 June 2010, McCullum announced that he will not keep wicket for New Zealand in Test matches. He, however informed that he will still keep in 50-overs & T20 over games. He did a fine job in his first innings since handing over the Wicket-keeping duties he scored 65 runs and was engaged in a 104 run partnership with Ross Taylor he was promoted to the position of opener","title":"Brendon McCullum"},{"id":"8060377","text":"Twenty20 International A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket, played between two of the international members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), in which each team faces twenty overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. Since 2005, T20I status only applied to Full Members and some Associate Member teams. However, in April 2018, the ICC announced that it will grant T20I status to all its 105 members from 1 January 2019. The shortened format was initially introduced to bolster crowds for the domestic","title":"Twenty20 International"},{"id":"6196254","text":"is the first and joint world record holder for conceding the least number of runs (6 runs) in a T20 International after bowling the complete quota of overs (4 overs is the maximum quota in a T20 match). Utseya tendered his resignation as national captain after the side's disappointing performance at the T20 World Cup in May 2010 saying that he was stepping down in the interest of the team's future development. He led Zimbabwe in 67 one-day internationals, with 20 victories, and all 10 of the Twenty20 internationals the team has played. Utseya took hat trick against South Africa","title":"Prosper Utseya"},{"id":"8060384","text":"in the final. Writing for \"The Guardian\", Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competition's success meant that \"the format is here to stay\". The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually (more frequently than the 50 over Cricket World Cup, which occurs once every four years). In the opening match of the 2007 World Twenty20, Chris Gayle scored the first century in a T20I, the achievement being reached in the twentieth match of the format. The 500th T20I match was contested between Ireland and the United Arab Emirates at the Sheikh Zayed","title":"Twenty20 International"},{"id":"3580606","text":"and 25 T20Is, and had equalled Glenn McGrath's run of 380 wickets in ODI matches – the highest for Australia. In July 2014, he played for the MCC side in the Bicentenary Celebration match at Lord's. In 2018, during his commentary for BT Sport in the 2017-18 Ashes series at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Lee revealed that he is an honorary member at Lord's, but not a lifetime member on his home ground at the SCG. Lee made his Twenty20 and T20 International debut on 15 February 2005 against New Zealand in the first ever T20 international match. He was","title":"Brett Lee"},{"id":"9937559","text":"in the WNCL, including two centuries, as New South Wales won for the fifth consecutive time, and making 191 runs at 47.75 in the T20 tournament. Blackwell led Australia in the Rose Bowl series in early-2010 after regular captain Jodie Fields was sidelined due to injury. They won all eight ODIs but lost all five T20 internationals. Blackwell made 235 runs at 33.57 including two fifties. In February 2018, she announced her retirement from international cricket, but would continue to play in the Women's Big Bash League. In November 2018, she was named in Sydney Thunder's squad for the 2018–19","title":"Alex Blackwell"},{"id":"19003973","text":"South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2018, he was named in Durban Heat's squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. He was the leading run-scorer for the team in the tournament, with 216 runs in ten matches. In January 2018, he was named in South Africa's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against India. He made his ODI debut for South Africa against India on 4 February 2018. Khaya Zondo Khaya Zondo (born 7 March 1990) is a South African cricketer. He","title":"Khaya Zondo"},{"id":"18916355","text":"On 29 August 2013, the Australian opener Aaron Finch set a new record for Twenty20 international cricket when he scored 156 runs off 63 balls for Australia against England at the Ageas Bowl. Finch's innings included 14 sixes (also a record) and 11 fours. The previous record was 123 runs, scored by Brendon McCullum of New Zealand. Rose Bowl (cricket ground) The Rose Bowl, currently known as The Ageas Bowl for sponsorship reasons, is a cricket ground and residential hotel complex in West End, Hampshire, England, located between the M27 motorway and Telegraph Woods. It is the home of Hampshire","title":"Rose Bowl (cricket ground)"},{"id":"7144508","text":"2018 where he scored 286 runs in 14 innings (avg 23.83, SR 133). Poor form compounded with lackluster captaincy over the season saw the Mumbai Indians crashing out against Delhi in a must win match. Unable to qualify for the playoffs, they were not able to defend their fourth title. Rohit Sharma is an aggressive batsman mixed with style and elegance. He is usually an opening Batsman in limited-overs formats, but played most of his Test cricket as a middle-order batsman. Rohit has a flourishing one-day and T20 career, but yet to prove in the Test career.He is known for","title":"Rohit Sharma"},{"id":"6304754","text":"ended in a draw. After the end of the match, Hashim Amla resigned from the captaincy and de Villiers was chosen to captain South Africa for the last two matches. On 21 February 2016, de Villiers scored the fastest T20 fifty by a South African in just 21 balls. He completed the innings with 79 runs in 29 balls and led South Africa to a clean sweep in T20 series. On 18 January 2017, de Villiers ruled himself out from most of the Test matches and ultimately played in December 2017. However, a day before the Test match, Faf du","title":"AB de Villiers"},{"id":"13327648","text":"Mohammad Shahzad Mohammad Shahzad Mohammadi (; born 31 January 1988) is an Afghan cricketer who is a right-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicketkeeper. Shahzad represents Afghanistan in international cricket. Known as a hard big hitter for the ball, Shahzad has the most number of Twenty20 International Player of the match awards by an associate member with 10 T20I Player of the match awards, and holds the record for the most scores of 50 or more in T20I by an associate player as well. He is the highest run scorer for all associate nations. With 118 not out against","title":"Mohammad Shahzad"},{"id":"11464901","text":"Hafeez, which is the second best opening partnership for Pakistan against any team and first best partnership against India in one day internationals. They eclipsed Aamer Sohail and Saeed Anwar's record of 144 runs which was made in 1996.He had a poor ICC World Cup 2015 in which he was dismissed in the single figures thrice and frequently struggled with the pull shot. In 2009 he along with veteran Abdul Razzaq set the highest 3rd wicket partnership ever in any forms of T20s(162) In February 2017 he was provisionally suspended under the PCB's Anti-Corruption Code as part of an ongoing","title":"Nasir Jamshed"},{"id":"13509126","text":"Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as one of the players to watch. In the opening match of the tournament, against New Zealand, she became the first woman for India to score a century in WT20Is, when she made 103 runs from 51 balls. She was the leading run-scorer for India in the tournament, with 183 runs in five matches. In November 2018, she was named in Sydney Thunder's squad for the 2018–19 Women's Big Bash League season. Harmanpreet Kaur Harmanpreet Kaur (born 8 March 1989) is an Indian cricketer. She plays as","title":"Harmanpreet Kaur"},{"id":"8060379","text":"format also sees one mandatory powerplay taken in the first six overs. This shorter format of the game makes reaching the traditional milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult, and few players have achieved these. The highest individual score in a Twenty20 International is 172, made by Australia's Aaron Finch against Zimbabwe in 2018, while Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis and India's Yuzvendra Chahal are the only bowlers to have taken two six wickets in an innings, and fewer than twenty players have taken five wickets in an innings. Cricket itself was probably first","title":"Twenty20 International"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"8060391\",\n \"text\": \"New Zealand's target and win the match. Martin Guptill has accrued the most runs in the format, and is the only batsman to have scored more than 2,200 runs. Aaron Finch has made the two highest individual scores in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018 eclipsing his previous record of 156, against England in 2013. Pakistani bowler Shahid Afridi holds the records for the most wickets, having taken 98 wickets in 99 matches. Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis has recorded the best two set of bowling figures in T20Is, and is the first bowler to have taken\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5609767\",\n \"text\": \"Brendon McCullum Brendon Barrie \\\"Baz\\\" McCullum, (born 27 September 1981) is a New Zealand former international cricketer, who played all formats, and also a former captain in all forms. McCullum took quick scoring to Test matches as well, notably recording the fastest test century of all time. He is considered as one of the most successful batsmen and captains of New Zealand cricket. McCullum is the former leading run scorer in Twenty20 International cricket and is the first and so far only one of the two players to have scored two Twenty20 International centuries and 2000 runs in T20 Internationals(apart\",\n \"title\": \"Brendon McCullum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060390\",\n \"text\": \"in for the 2024 Summer Games, but there must be collective support shown by the ICC's membership base, in particular from BCCI, in order for there to be a chance of inclusion. The highest team total in a T20I was made by Australia in September 2016, against Sri Lanka. Australia scored 263 runs for the loss of three wickets (263/3). The lowest total also came in a match involving Sri Lanka: in 2014, the Netherlands were bowled out for just 39 runs against them. The highest successful chase was made in February 2018, when Australia scored 245 runs to overhaul\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4825488\",\n \"text\": \"most ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries. The first Twenty20 International (T20I) century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Rohit Sharma currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, having scored 4 T20I Centuries. The fastest recorded century in Test cricket terms of balls faced is held by Brendon McCullum who scored 100 runs from 54 balls against Australia at Christchurch, New Zealand in 2016, beating the previous record of 56 held jointly by Viv Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq. The\",\n \"title\": \"Century (cricket)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2466837\",\n \"text\": \"Graham Gooch Graham Alan Gooch, (born 23 July 1953) is a former English first-class cricketer who captained Essex and England. He was one of the most successful international batsmen of his generation, and through a career spanning from 1973 until 2000, he became the most prolific run scorer of all time, with 67,057 runs across first-class and limited-overs games.<ref name=\\\"Records / Combined First-class, List A and Twenty20 / Batting records / Most runs in career\\\"></ref> His List A cricket tally of 22,211 runs is also a record. He is one of only twenty-five players to have scored over 100 first-class\",\n \"title\": \"Graham Gooch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8564083\",\n \"text\": \"On 29 August 2013, Finch set a new record for Twenty20 international cricket for the highest ever T20I individual score, when he scored 156 runs off 63 balls for Australia against England at the Rose Bowl, Southampton. Finch's innings included 14 sixes (also a record) and 11 fours. The previous record was 123 runs, scored by Brendon McCullum of New Zealand. Aaron Finch was the first and only player to score 150 in a T20I innings and holds the record for the highest maiden ton in T20 internationals (156) On 3 December 2014 Finch, along with Tom Cooper and Michael\",\n \"title\": \"Aaron Finch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11635192\",\n \"text\": \"most fifties in the format. He also holds the records of most runs in a single tournament of both the World Twenty20 and the IPL. He is the only batsman in history to average over 50 in Tests, ODIs and T20Is simultaneously. On 27 October 2018, he became the first batsman for India, and tenth overall, to score three successive centuries in ODIs. In December 2018, Kohli became the first Asian captain to win test match in England, Australia and South Africa. Kohli has been the recipient of many awards such as the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of\",\n \"title\": \"Virat Kohli\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8029144\",\n \"text\": \"being a skilful player of the reverse sweep shot. After Alastair Cook was removed from the ODI captaincy on 19 December 2014, Morgan was named as the England captain for the 2015 Cricket World Cup having already captained England in ODIs and T20Is as a stand-in. He is the only England captain to have scored more than 4 ODI centuries. On 19 June 2018 during the third match of the home ODI series against Australia, Eoin Morgan surpassed the national record of Ian Bell for becoming the all-time leading run scorer for England in One Day International matches where coincidentally\",\n \"title\": \"Eoin Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3583379\",\n \"text\": \"in his T20 career, by Junaid Khan. On 18 April 2017, Gayle reached the 10,000 runs milestone in T20 cricket after scoring 77 runs off 38 balls in a match against Gujarat Lions where Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 21 runs. He was also awarded the man of the match which was his first in IPL 2017. On 16 September 2017, Gayle became the first ever player to hit 100 T20I sixes. On 28 January 2018, he was bought by Kings XI Punjab in the 2018 IPL Auction for his base price of ₹2 crores. On 19 April, Gayle scored\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Gayle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14010884\",\n \"text\": \"Twenty20 (75 runs from 54 balls) and the 2011 Cricket World Cup (97 from 122). Gambhir is the only Indian and one of four international cricketers to have scored hundreds in five consecutive Test matches. He is the only Indian batsman to have scored more than 300 runs in four consecutive Test series. As of April 2018, he is the sixth highest run-scorer for India in Twenty20 Internationals. Under Gambhir's captaincy, the Kolkata Knight Riders won their IPL title in 2012 and again in 2014. He was conferred the Arjuna Award, India's second highest sporting award, in the year 2008\",\n \"title\": \"Gautam Gambhir\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15639975\",\n \"text\": \"top-scoring with 54 runs from 36 balls. For the West Indies, Carlos Brathwaite took 3/23 and Samuel Badree took 2/16, including a maiden. The West Indies subsequently reached their target with just two balls to spare. They required 19 runs from the final over, bowled by Ben Stokes, which Brathwaite reached by hitting four consecutive sixes. Marlon Samuels scored 85 not out from 66 balls – the highest score in World T20 final history – and was named the final's Man of the Match for the second time. The match was played to a near-capacity crowd, with 66,000 people in\",\n \"title\": \"2016 ICC World Twenty20\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3586574\",\n \"text\": \"action has come under scrutiny (particularly his doosra) but he has had elbow surgery to correct this. Malik was ranked second, behind teammate Shahid Afridi, in the ICC ODI all-rounder rankings in June 2008. In March 2010, Malik received a one-year ban from international cricket from the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB); the ban was overturned two months later. On 13 September 2017, Malik became the highest run–scorer in T20I for Pakistan. On 1 July 2018, Malik also became the first Asian batsman to score 2,000 runs in T20Is, and third overall and first player to play 100 T20Is in the\",\n \"title\": \"Shoaib Malik\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"679360\",\n \"text\": \"leading run scorer in Tests, with 15,921 runs, as well as in One-Day Internationals, with 18,426 runs. He is the only player to score more than 30,000 runs in all forms of international cricket (Tests, ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals). He is the 16th player and the first Indian to score 50,000 runs in all forms of domestic and international recognised cricket (First-class, List A and Twenty20). He achieved this feat on 5 October 2013, during a Champions League Twenty20 match for his IPL team Mumbai Indians against Trinidad and Tobago. He also holds the record of the highest number of\",\n \"title\": \"Sachin Tendulkar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19137980\",\n \"text\": \"Colin Ackermann Colin Niel Ackermann (born 4 April 1991) is a South African first-class cricketer who plays for the Warriors cricket team. He scored the most runs in the 2016–17 Sunfoil Series, with a total of 883 from ten matches and seventeen innings. Ahead of the 2017 season, Ackermann signed for English county side Leicestershire County Cricket Club on a two-year contract. In May 2017, he was named Domestic Players' Player of the Season at Cricket South Africa's annual awards. In August 2017, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Stars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global\",\n \"title\": \"Colin Ackermann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13502819\",\n \"text\": \"Punam Raut Punam Ganesh Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in one Test cricket, 28 women's one-day internationals and 27 t20 internationals for India. On 15 May 2017, in a ODI verses Ireland, Raut set a world record opening partnership of 320 runs with Deepti Sharma, contributing 109. This beat both the standing women's record of 229 (by Sarah Taylor and Caroline Atkins of England) and the standing men's record in ODIs of 286 (by Upul Tharanga and Sanath Jayasuriya of Sri Lanka). Raut was part of the Indian team to reach the final of\",\n \"title\": \"Punam Raut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3583378\",\n \"text\": \"record set by Indian batsman Yuvraj Singh against England in the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. He reached 51 in just 12 deliveries which included seven sixes and smashed the previous record of 18 deliveries set by Strikers batsman Tim Ludeman. He was dismissed shortly after for 56 off 17 balls by Travis Head. Chris Gayle was signed by Lahore Qalandars in 2016 for 200,000 dollars to play in the Pakistan Super League. Gayle had his worst T20 league, citing back problems. He only scored 103 runs from five matches and was also out twice for a golden duck, the most\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Gayle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3578832\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"run\\\" was gradual and both terms were in use in 1800. The result of a match played in Sussex on 3 August 1800 was a win \\\"by 25 notches\\\" while another match in Sussex on 9 August 1800 was won \\\"by an innings and 38 runs\\\". For team and individual run-scoring records, see List of Test cricket records, List of One Day International cricket records, List of Twenty20 International records, and List of first-class cricket records. Run (cricket) In cricket, a run is the unit of scoring. The team with the most runs wins in many versions of the\",\n \"title\": \"Run (cricket)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2570777\",\n \"text\": \"India ahead of the World T20. In Super10 match against he missed a full delivery and was bowled by the second ball. In both matches, he put down what could have been costly misses Chris Gayle and Mohammad Hafeez but India created and converted more chances soon after. His solitary over in the tournament so far went for 13. Yuvraj scored 60 off 43 balls, his third fifty against Australia at Mirpur and his eighth in T20Is. Yuvraj has gone past Gautam Gambhir to become the top run-scorer for India in T20 internationals. He had an 84-run partnership with Mahendra\",\n \"title\": \"Yuvraj Singh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7309389\",\n \"text\": \"van Wyk scored a Twenty20 International century in the third T20I of the series, and by doing so became the third South African to score a T20I century. He also represented the Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League scoring 167 runs from the 5 matches he played with a highest score of 74. In August 2017, he was named in Bloem City Blazers' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2018, he was\",\n \"title\": \"Morné van Wyk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6404635\",\n \"text\": \"West Indies and this resulted in him establishing himself as a regular in the Test, ODI and T20 teams. In 2011 he won an amazing 10 Man-of-the-Match awards in all forms of international cricket and became only the third player (after Sanath Jayasuriya and Jacques Kallis) to score 1000 runs and take 30 wickets in ODI matches within a calendar year. Against India on 18 March 2012 in Bangladesh at Shere Bangla National Stadium, Mirpur at the 2012 Asia Cup, he scored 105 off 113 balls and was involved in a 224 run partnership with Nasir Jamshed, which is the\",\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Hafeez\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9330689\",\n \"text\": \"became the most prolific run-getter for India at the end of 100th ODI. He Scored total 323 runs in 6 ODI Matches & India lead series won the series of 5–1. In T20I Series Dhawan Score most runs in the Series with 143 runs with the average off 47.67 Strike rate off 156.76 and also smash 72 off 39 balls and series won by 2–1. On 25 February 2018, Shikhar Dhawan was named vice-captain of India for the T20 Tri-series in Sri Lanka. On 14 June 2018, Dhawan became the only Indian and sixth overall player to score a century\",\n \"title\": \"Shikhar Dhawan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6407304\",\n \"text\": \"run-scorer for Water and Power Development Authority in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, with 610 runs in ten matches. An accumulator, Butt works hard for his runs, not indulging in too many big hits; his statistics show the low number of 19 international sixes to date (1 September 2010) of which he's scored 10 in Twenty20 cricket, 7 in One-Day Internationals and only six in Test cricket. He scores a lot of his runs between backward point and extra cover. He uses his superb wrist work to angle the bat, placing the ball into gaps using the pace of the ball\",\n \"title\": \"Salman Butt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3586590\",\n \"text\": \"Malik Pakistan has become only country to have three batsman in T20I who have scored more than 1,500 runs. These are Umar Akmal, Mohammad Hafeez and Shoaib Malik.He is currently the leading Run scorer for Pakistan in T20 internationals with more than 1,700 Runs (as of 13 sep 2017). Shoaib Malik is captain of the Sialkot Stallions. He has led them to a record 8 domestic T20 titles with the most recent coming on 18 May 2015. In April 2018, he was named as the captain of Punjab's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. Shoaib Malik was appointed the captain\",\n \"title\": \"Shoaib Malik\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"679372\",\n \"text\": \"1,50,289 copies confirmed. Sachin Tendulkar has been the subject of various books. The following is the listing of books focused on Tendulkar's career: Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team, regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai\",\n \"title\": \"Sachin Tendulkar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"679276\",\n \"text\": \"Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team, regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first\",\n \"title\": \"Sachin Tendulkar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18312009\",\n \"text\": \"Reeza Hendricks Reeza Raphael Hendricks (born 14 August 1989) is a South African cricketer who plays for the Highveld Lions. He is a right-hand middle-order batsman who has played for the South Africa cricket team in 2017/18. In November 2017, he scored his first century in a Twenty20 match, when he made 102 not out for Lions against Dolphins in the 2017–18 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. He was the leading run-scorer during the tournament, finishing with 361 runs in eight matches. In January 2018, he became the first player to score a century in all three franchise competitions in South\",\n \"title\": \"Reeza Hendricks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17929898\",\n \"text\": \"2009–10 ICC Intercontinental Shield, which the team lost to Namibia. Shaiman has since been a regular for the UAE, and across the 2011–13 WCL Championship, scored 625 runs from 14 matches, the most of any player. On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Edmonton Royals in the players' draft for the inaugural edition of the Global T20 Canada tournament. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in February 2014, against Scotland in the final of the World Cup Qualifier, and his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut in March 2014, against the Netherlands in the World Twenty20.\",\n \"title\": \"Shaiman Anwar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2432741\",\n \"text\": \"was praised by many including Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Jhulan Goswami is the world's leading ODI wicket-taker while Mithali Raj, the captain, is the leading run-scorer in ODI cricket. India national cricket team The India national cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Although cricket was introduced to India by European merchant sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club\",\n \"title\": \"India national cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18386658\",\n \"text\": \"four matches, also making centuries against Ireland (120) and Namibia (144 not out). In February 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named Vala as one of the ten players to watch ahead of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament. In June 2018, at the Papua New Guinea Cricket Awards, he won the Tony Elly Medal for the best male player. In August 2018, he was the leading run-scorer in Group A of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 East Asia-Pacific Qualifier tournament, with 294 runs in six matches. Assad Vala Assad Vala (born 5 August 1987) is a Papua New\",\n \"title\": \"Assad Vala\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19003385\",\n \"text\": \"2018, he was named in Border's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In Border's opening match of the tournament, against Namibia, Marais scored 103 not out, although Border lost the match by five wickets. On the following day, Marais scored his second century of the tournament, making 106 not out. He scored 295 runs in four matches, with Cricket South Africa calling him the standout player of the tournament. He finished the tournament as the leading run-scorer, with 359 runs in six matches. In October 2018, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Giants' squad for the first edition\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Marais\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9667238\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Levi Richard Ernst Levi (born 14 January 1988) is a South African cricketer. He played in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He currently plays for Western Province, Cape Cobras and Northamptonshire. He attended Wynberg Boys' High school in Cape Town and received honours for cricket in 2005. During 2012, Levi played 13 international Twenty20 matches for South Africa. He had a highest score of 117*, in his second match, against New Zealand at Seddon Park in Hamilton. He held the record for the most runs scored in a Twenty20 international innings tied with Chris Gayle.\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Levi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2569165\",\n \"text\": \"his dominating performance throughout the World Cup. Hayden played only one more season of ODI cricket, his last match for Australia being the second final of the 2007–08 Commonwealth Bank Series. Hayden played nine Twenty20 Internationals for Australia, including the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. He was the tournament's top scorer, with 265 runs. He scored 308 runs in T20Is with the average of 51.33 when retiring. In the 2003 New Year's Test in Sydney against England, Hayden smashed a pavilion window in anger, after disagreeing with an umpire's decision to give him out. He was fined for this incident. He\",\n \"title\": \"Matthew Hayden\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18739262\",\n \"text\": \"Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer, born 1992) Mukhtar Ahmed (born 20 December 1992) is a Pakistani cricketer, who plays for Twenty20 Internationals for Pakistan and domestic cricket for Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Fighters and Sialkot Stallions. He was the leading run-scorer for Rawalpindi in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 434 runs in seven matches. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Pakistan against Bangladesh on 24 April 2015. His first T20 international fifty came in his second match against Zimbabwe in Lahore on 22 May 2015. For this innings he was named man of the match. Two days later in the second match\",\n \"title\": \"Mukhtar Ahmed (cricketer, born 1992)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6887345\",\n \"text\": \"most number of centuries in all forms of T20s(7). He's also holding the record for scoring most number of t20 centuries before making an international debut.Also he has the record for scoring the most number of runs in T20 cricket before making international T20 debut(4225).He also has scored the most number of runs in professional cricket before making an international debut for Australia(22163) He was the first cricketer to score 3 centuries in a single T20 tournament(in the 2015 Nat West Blast) In December 2012, Klinger was signed by English county Gloucestershire, not only as their overseas player for the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Klinger\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16307473\",\n \"text\": \"scored 432 runs from 16 matches, including two half-centuries, and ended the tournament as Kings XI Punjab's leading run-scorer. He was also adjudged the winner of \\\"Rising Star of the tournament Award\\\". On 18 July 2012 he was included in 30 probables for the World T20 tournament to be played in Sri Lanka in September 2012. However, he was not selected in the final 15-member squad. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Zimbabwe at Harare Sports Club on 18 June 2016. Mandeep play for Punjab in Ranji Trophy & Vijay Hazare Trophy and for North Zone in Zonal\",\n \"title\": \"Mandeep Singh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20313785\",\n \"text\": \"the fifth batsman to score a century in his first and last Test matches. In the process, he moved up to fifth on the list of all-time leading run-scorers in Test cricket, moving ahead of Kumar Sangakkara. In the same match, James Anderson took his 564th wicket, the most wickets in Tests by a fast bowler, going past Glenn McGrath. England went on to win the Test series 4–1. Ahead of the tour, Suresh Raina replaced Ambati Rayudu in India's ODI squad, after Rayudu failed a fitness test. India's Jasprit Bumrah was ruled out for the T20I series due to\",\n \"title\": \"Indian cricket team in England in 2018\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2432731\",\n \"text\": \"Jadeja are considered to be the best bowlers in Test cricket and occupy the top two spots in the rankings for Test bowlers . Virat Kohli became the first captain in history to score double tons in three consecutive series, against New Zealand, England and Bangladesh in 2017. Test record versus other nations Most Test runs for India Most Test wickets for India ODI record versus other nations Most ODI runs for India Most ODI wickets for India T20I record versus other nations Most T20I runs for India Most T20I wickets for India \\\"Players in bold text are still active\",\n \"title\": \"India national cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5526377\",\n \"text\": \"nations Most T20I runs for Ireland Most T20I wickets for Ireland Highest T20I score for Ireland T20I record versus other nations Most first-class runs Most first-class wickets Highest individual innings Note: Ivan Anderson's 198* v Canada was in a non-first-class match Ireland cricket team The Ireland cricket team represents all of Ireland. They participate in Test, One Day International and Twenty20 International matches. They are the 11th Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC), having been awarded Test status, along with Afghanistan, on 22 June 2017. Ireland are ranked 12th in One Day International (ODI) cricket. Ireland played their\",\n \"title\": \"Ireland cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18312012\",\n \"text\": \"a batsman on ODI debut and he was named the man of the match. Reeza Hendricks Reeza Raphael Hendricks (born 14 August 1989) is a South African cricketer who plays for the Highveld Lions. He is a right-hand middle-order batsman who has played for the South Africa cricket team in 2017/18. In November 2017, he scored his first century in a Twenty20 match, when he made 102 not out for Lions against Dolphins in the 2017–18 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. He was the leading run-scorer during the tournament, finishing with 361 runs in eight matches. In January 2018, he became\",\n \"title\": \"Reeza Hendricks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15320664\",\n \"text\": \"this century, Maxwell joined elite club of players to score more than one century in Twenty20 International history with Brendon McCullum, Chris Gayle, Evin Lewis and record holders Colin Munro and Rohit Sharma. In addition, Maxwell took 3-10 with the ball, including two wickets in consecutive balls. He was Man of the Match for his all-round efforts. Maxwell was bought by the Delhi Daredevils for $1.75 million. On 28 March 2018, Maxwell was urgently recalled to the Australian Test squad following the suspensions of Steve Smith, David Warner and Cameron Bancroft for ball tampering during the Third Test of the\",\n \"title\": \"Glenn Maxwell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20920835\",\n \"text\": \"Monank Patel Monank Patel (born May 1, 1993) is an American cricketer. In August 2018, he was named in the United States' squad for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Americas Qualifier tournament in Morrisville, North Carolina. He was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, with 208 runs in six matches. In October 2018, he was named in the United States' squad for the 2018–19 Regional Super50 tournament in the West Indies. He made his List A debut for the United States against Combined Campuses and Colleges on October 6, 2018. On October 22, in the match against Jamaica, Patel scored\",\n \"title\": \"Monank Patel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6407303\",\n \"text\": \"the 2017-18 National T20 Cup he jointly with Kamran Akmal set the world record opening partnership in T20 history of unbeaten 209 runstand, surpassing the previous highest opening partnership of 207 in any form of T20 cricket held by Joe Denly and Daniel Bell-Drummond. The record runstand was also the third highest partnership in terms of runs for any wicket in T20 history. In April 2018, he was named in Sindh's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 559 runs in ten matches. He was also the leading\",\n \"title\": \"Salman Butt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5997103\",\n \"text\": \"She scored 100s: 1 and 50s: 4 in Test cricket, 100s: 5 and 50s: 50 with best bowling of 3/4 in ODI's and 50s: 10 in T20's. In February 2017, she became the second player to score 5,500 runs in WODIs. Raj is the first player to captain most matches for India in ODI and T20I. In July 2017, she became the first player to score 6,000 runs in WODIs. She led the Indian team to the final of the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup where the team lost to England by nine runs. In December 2017, she was named\",\n \"title\": \"Mithali Raj\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2873865\",\n \"text\": \"in cricket. This is reflected by the fact that he is the only player to score more than 7,000 ODI runs at an average under 25. Afridi is the only player in the world who has scored 1,000 runs and 50 wickets in the T20 format of the game. Afridi has moved about the batting order, and this lack of consistency has made it difficult for him to settle. In the Indian subcontinent, where the ball quickly loses its shine, he prefers to open the batting; however, elsewhere he prefers to bat at number six. On 22 August 2017, in\",\n \"title\": \"Shahid Afridi\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3539467\",\n \"text\": \"wicket in Test matches, without conceding any runs, thus averaging zero. In One Day Internationals, the varying criteria set by ESPNcricinfo and CricketArchive result in different players being listed as holding the record. ESPNcricinfo has the stricter restriction, requiring 1,000 deliveries: by this measure, Joel Garner is the record-holder, having claimed his wickets at an average of 18.84. By CricketArchive's more relaxed requirement of 400 deliveries, John Snow leads the way, with an average of 16.57. The record is again split for the two websites for Twenty20 International cricket; in this situation ESPNcricinfo has the lower boundary, requiring just 30\",\n \"title\": \"Bowling average\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19005267\",\n \"text\": \"Gihahn Cloete Gihahn Cloete (born 4 October 1992) is a South African cricketer. He was included in the Eastern Province cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2018, he was named in Border's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In October 2018, he was named in Tshwane Spartans' squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. He was the leading run-scorer for the team in the tournament, with 330 runs in ten matches. In September 2018, he was named in South Africa's Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Zimbabwe. He made his\",\n \"title\": \"Gihahn Cloete\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8564089\",\n \"text\": \"any wicket in any form of T20, just behind 229 runs set by Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers. Australia finally won the match by 100 runs, which is their biggest winning margin in T20Is. During the match he also shattered the record of Herschelle Gibbs for scoring most number of fours by a player in a completed T20I innings with 16. In September 2018, he was named in Australia's Test squad for their series against Pakistan. He made his Test debut for Australia against Pakistan on 7 October 2018. He had his baggy green cap presented to him by\",\n \"title\": \"Aaron Finch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17330485\",\n \"text\": \"In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's first ever Test match, to be played against Pakistan later the same month, but he was not selected to play. In June 2018, Shannon scored his first T20I half-century against India. James Shannon (cricketer) James Norman Knight Shannon (born 12 February 1990) is an Irish cricketer. Shannon is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off spin. On 26 May 2013, Shannon made his One Day International debut for Ireland against Pakistan. He scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy, Ireland's domestic Twenty20 competition, with 251 runs\",\n \"title\": \"James Shannon (cricketer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5387538\",\n \"text\": \"stadiums in the state of Punjab will get an opportunity to host international cricket matches. The highest score in Test cricket was made by India who scored 374 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were by Anshuman Gaekwad (201 runs), Wasim Raja (125 runs) and Javed Miandad (66 runs). The most wickets taken were by Wasim Raja and Kapil Dev (4 wickets), along with Ravi Shastri (3 wickets). The highest score in ODI cricket was made by West Indies who scored 226 against Pakistan. The most runs scored were Dilip Vengsarkar (88 runs), Richie Richardson (77 runs) and Aamer Malik\",\n \"title\": \"Gandhi Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3605056\",\n \"text\": \"between South Africa vs West Indies, the whole South African team was awarded man of the match In Test matches, Jacques Kallis holds the record for the highest number of awards won, with 23 in 166 matches played. In ODIs, Sachin Tendulkar holds the record for the highest number of man of the match titles, with 62 awards in 463 matches played. Tendulkar is followed by Sanath Jayasuriya, who, along with Ricky Ponting, also holds the record for the most Man of the Match titles as captain. In the shortest form of the game, T20 Internationals, this record is held\",\n \"title\": \"Player of the match\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2432725\",\n \"text\": \"12 months and the forms in which they have played. Correct . Key Other players with a central contract who have not played for India in the past 12 months: Karun Nair and Jayant Yadav (both Grade C) The BCCI awards central contracts to its players, its pay graded according to the importance of the player. Players' salaries are as follows: Players also receive a match fee of per Test match, per ODI, and per T20I. † Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history\",\n \"title\": \"India national cricket team\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15918549\",\n \"text\": \"Chamu Chibhabha. In the 2017 CPL Draft, he was selected by the St Kitts & Nevis Patriots. In March 2017, he was named in the West Indies squad for the Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Pakistan, but did not play. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2018–19 Regional Super50 tournament, with 351 runs in eight matches. Jonathan Carter (cricketer) Jonathan Lyndon Carter (born 16 November 1987 in Belleplaine, Barbados) is a cricketer who plays for Barbados. He is a big-hitting left-handed batsman who also bowls right-arm medium pace. He first played for Barbados in 2007 in a List A\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Carter (cricketer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11420231\",\n \"text\": \"the equal second-fastest player and also the youngest Australian, ever to do so. Smith garnered praise from opponent captain Joe Root for leading the team from the front, and in Root's opinion Smith was the difference between the two teams during 2017–18 Ashes series. Smith was the highest run scorer in the series, scoring 687 runs at an average of 137.40, including three centuries and two fifties. Smith was rested for the T20 series against New Zealand and England so he could prepare for the South African Tests. The series was marred by controversial incidents on and off field. Australia\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Smith (cricketer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17968611\",\n \"text\": \"slow bowlers. Ironically West Indies qualified for the Super-8 stage without winning even a single match in the initial round. Pakistan and Australia were the losing semi-finalists, with Pakistan making into last four on all the occasions and Australia missing only in 2009. India won both the matches of the first round becoming the only team not to lose even a single first round match in the first four editions of the ICC World Twenty20. Shane Watson topped the run charts with 249 runs. Chris Gayle struck 16 sixes, maximum by any player. Ajantha Mendis topped wickets chart with 16\",\n \"title\": \"History of the ICC World Twenty20\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9802749\",\n \"text\": \"Zealand's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as one of the players to watch. During the tournament, she became the first cricketer, male or female, to score 3,000 runs in Twenty20 International matches. She was the leading run-scorer for New Zealand in the tournament, with 161 runs in four matches. Following the conclusion of the tournament, she was named as the standout player in the team by the International Cricket Council (ICC). In November 2018, she was named in the Adelaide Strikers' squad for the 2018–19\",\n \"title\": \"Suzie Bates\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18828687\",\n \"text\": \"Corey Bisson Corey Bisson (born 19 June 1993) is a cricketer who plays for Jersey. In 2014 he played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Four. He was selected in the Jersey squad for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament and the 2016 ICC World Cricket League Division Four matches held in Los Angeles. At the Division Four tournament, he was the leading run-scorer, with a total of 242. In April 2018, he was named in Jersey's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament in Malaysia. In August 2018, he was named in\",\n \"title\": \"Corey Bisson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17330484\",\n \"text\": \"James Shannon (cricketer) James Norman Knight Shannon (born 12 February 1990) is an Irish cricketer. Shannon is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off spin. On 26 May 2013, Shannon made his One Day International debut for Ireland against Pakistan. He scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Trophy, Ireland's domestic Twenty20 competition, with 251 runs in six matches. He also scored the most runs in the 2017 Inter-Provincial Championship tournament, with 446 runs in four matches. In December 2018, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract by Cricket Ireland for the 2019 season.\",\n \"title\": \"James Shannon (cricketer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17191775\",\n \"text\": \"record in ODIs. The team have played 13 countries in T20Is, and have played 16 matches with Sri Lanka. They also have recorded the most victories against Sri Lanka, defeating them in five matches. India national cricket team record by opponent The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an\",\n \"title\": \"India national cricket team record by opponent\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13502820\",\n \"text\": \"the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup where the team lost to England by nine runs. Punam Raut Punam Ganesh Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in one Test cricket, 28 women's one-day internationals and 27 t20 internationals for India. On 15 May 2017, in a ODI verses Ireland, Raut set a world record opening partnership of 320 runs with Deepti Sharma, contributing 109. This beat both the standing women's record of 229 (by Sarah Taylor and Caroline Atkins of England) and the standing men's record in ODIs of 286 (by Upul Tharanga and Sanath Jayasuriya\",\n \"title\": \"Punam Raut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3741620\",\n \"text\": \"2017. Watson is the only player to lead most runs, most wickets, highest score, highest batting average, most sixes, for a team in T20, which he held for 4 years (2014–17). Also the first player to win man of the tournament IPL twice. Watson played in the Indian Premier League for the Rajasthan Royals in the inaugural IPL season in 2008. Signed for US $125,000, he performed well with both the bat and the ball scoring four half-centuries to anchor his team to victory in three matches of the tournament and in the semi-finals. He picked up 17 wickets, won\",\n \"title\": \"Shane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7304633\",\n \"text\": \"team against the Zimbabwean national cricket team when they scored 373/8 on 9 Feb 2012. The most runs scored in this ground have been by Nathan Astle and Stephen Fleming-(743 runs), followed by Ross Taylor-710 runs. The most wickets have been taken by Daniel Vettori-30 wickets-ahead of three players with 17. The first T20I at the venue was held on 3 January 2017, between New Zealand and Bangladesh. With that, McLean park became the sixth venue in New Zealand to host a T20 international. McLean Park McLean Park is a sports ground in Napier, New Zealand. The two main sports\",\n \"title\": \"McLean Park\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6376173\",\n \"text\": \"innings and broke the record for scoring the most number of runs in a 6 match bilateral ODI series In December 2006, Boje announced his retirement from international cricket, effective immediately. He finished his career with exactly 100 Test wickets, the wicket of Mahela Jayawardene in his final Test brought up his milestone. Nicky Boje Nico Boje ( ; born 20 March 1973) is a former South African cricketer who played in 43 Tests, 115 One Day Internationals and single Twenty20 International for South Africa. Boje was a member of Africa XI team for 2005 Afro-Asia Cup. He is the\",\n \"title\": \"Nicky Boje\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19309988\",\n \"text\": \"champions – England won the 2010 World T20 for their first ICC world championship while the West Indies won the 2012 World T20. Both teams were drawn into Super 10s Group 1 alongside Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. They played each other in their opening game on 16 March at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, with the West Indies winning by six wickets with 11 balls to spare. West Indian opener Chris Gayle scored an unbeaten 100 runs off 47 balls, including 11 sixes, becoming the first player to hit two T20 International centuries. In addition, immediately before the\",\n \"title\": \"2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17967688\",\n \"text\": \"matches, and was named the player of the tournament. In October 2018, she was named in Ireland's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20. She announced that she will retire from international cricket following the end of the tournament. Ahead of the tournament, she was also named as one of the players to watch. During Ireland's match against India, she scored her 1,000th run in WT20Is. She was the leading run-scorer for Ireland in the tournament, with 81 runs in four matches. Clare Shillington Clare Mary Alice Shillington (born 8 January 1981) is an Irish former cricketer. She is\",\n \"title\": \"Clare Shillington\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17968609\",\n \"text\": \"three matches of the Super-8 stage. To the frustration of the commercial gurus in the game, India's elimination before the semi-finals again meant lost revenue. The two Associates – Ireland and Afghanistan – far from disgraced themselves. Mahela Jayawardene scored 302 runs, maximum in this edition of World T20. Dirk Nannes, the Dutch bowler who later qualified for Australian selection was the highest wicket taker with 14 wickets. Cameron White with 12 sixes topped the number of sixes chart. The 2012 edition was to be expanded into a 16 team format however this was reverted to 12. It was the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the ICC World Twenty20\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2627247\",\n \"text\": \"in the period before early-1999, due to lack of form and discipline, before becoming One Day International captain in early-2002 and Test captain in early 2004. After being involved in over 160 Tests and 370 ODIs, Ponting is Australia's leading run-scorer in Test and ODI cricket. He is one of only four players (along with Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Jacques Kallis) in history to have scored 13,000 Test runs. Statistically, he is one of the most successful captains of all time, with 48 victories in 77 Tests between 2004 and 31 December 2010. As a player, Ponting is the\",\n \"title\": \"Ricky Ponting\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19309990\",\n \"text\": \"and had won Ashes series such as batsman Joe Root, wicketkeeper Jos Buttler and fast bowler Liam Plunkett. After their loss to the West Indies, England beat South Africa with the highest successful run chase (229) in World T20 history before beating Afghanistan and then Sri Lanka to reach the semifinal. In the semifinal they came up against unbeaten New Zealand in Delhi. New Zealand made a strong start to be 89 for 1 after 10 overs, before tight bowling by Chris Jordan and Ben Stokes kept them to 153. English opener Jason Roy scored 78 off 44, a Man\",\n \"title\": \"2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20498321\",\n \"text\": \"the fifth match, Australia's Meg Lanning became the first player for Australia, male or female, to score 2,000 runs in Twenty20 Internationals. Australia Women and England Women qualified for the final, after India Women lost their first three matches of the series. In the final, Australia Women beat England Women by 57 runs to win the series. In the match, Australia Women scored 209 runs, the highest team total in a WT20I fixture. Australia Women also set a new record for the most fours scored in a Twenty20 International by any side, male or female, with 32 boundaries. With nine\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17928586\",\n \"text\": \"played. On 21 March 2014 against Ireland, Myburgh equalled the record of the second fastest fifty in Twenty20 International with Paul Stirling of Ireland. He scored the fifty with 17 balls, where Dutch required to win the game in 14 overs to qualify for the Super 10 stage. With blistering innings by Myburgh, Netherlands won the match in 13.5 overs with 6 wickets remaining. Myburgh adjudged man of the match as well. He was the third highest run scorer in the tournament after Virat Kohli and fellow dutch Tom Cooper with 224 runs in 7 T20I matches. He scored 3\",\n \"title\": \"Stephan Myburgh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3583373\",\n \"text\": \"awarded as an extra due to the no ball. He can therefore be said to have hit 36 off an over that went for 37. Gayle won the Orange Cap Award for scoring the most runs in the tournament amassing 608 runs in 12 matches. He was instrumental in many victories for the Royal Challengers Bangalore and received five Man of the Match awards and also the Player of the Tournament award for his performances. In the 2011 Champions League Twenty20, Chris Gayle was the second highest run-scorer in the competition, behind David Warner, with 257 runs from 6 matches\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Gayle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15630104\",\n \"text\": \"matches in the competition, the last coming against Hong Kong. In his 6 matches in the competition, he scored 92 runs at a batting average of 15.33, with a half century high score of 52. This score came against Bermuda. Ura made his One Day International debut for Papua New Guinea on 8 November 2014 against Hong Kong in Australia. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Papua New Guinea against Ireland in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament on 15 July 2015. In the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier, Ura scored a national record 151 runs from 142\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Ura\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19260696\",\n \"text\": \"World Cricket League Division Two tournament. In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In October 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad in the Southern sub region group for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier tournament in Botswana. On 29 October 2018, in the match against Mozambique, he became the first batsman to score a century in the group, scoring 100 from 48 balls. He was the leading run-scorer in the tournament, with 243 runs in six matches. Lohan Louwrens Lohan Louwrens (born 24 April 1999) is a Namibian cricketer. He\",\n \"title\": \"Lohan Louwrens\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9401429\",\n \"text\": \"awarded a central contract by New Zealand Cricket, following the tours of Ireland and England in the previous months. In October 2018, she was named in New Zealand's squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as the star of the team. On 11 July 2015, Devine broke the international record (men or women) for the fastest Twenty20 half century (from 18 balls), and fastest 70 runs (from 22 balls), and included scoring 32 off one over in the first match against India. She notably holds the record\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Devine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060378\",\n \"text\": \"game, and was not intended to be played internationally, but the first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005 when Australia defeated New Zealand, and the first tournament was played two years later, with the introduction of the ICC World Twenty20. In 2016, for the first time in a calendar year, more Twenty20 International matches (100) were played than ODI matches (99). There remain limits on how many Twenty20 Internationals a team can play each year, in order to protect Test cricket and One Day Internationals. As of 2017, 18 nations featured in ICC T20I team rankings. Twenty20 International\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5997098\",\n \"text\": \"from India (either male or female) to score 2000 runs in T20Is and also set the milestone for becoming the first woman cricketer to reach 2000 T20I runs. Raj is the only player (male or female) to have captained India in more than one ICC ODI World Cup final, doing so twice in 2005 and 2017. Mithali Raj was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan on 3 December 1982 . Her father is Dorai Raj, who was an Airman (Warrant Officer) in the Indian Air Force, and mother is Leela Raj. She is from tamil family. Mithali started to play the game\",\n \"title\": \"Mithali Raj\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20326241\",\n \"text\": \"hedge funds worldwide. In 2016, he founded German Cricket TV, an online video channel for supporting and growing cricket in Germany. In September 2018, he was the leading run-scorer for Germany in Group A of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier tournament. He was also named the player of the series, after scoring 180 runs, including three fifties, in five matches. Daniel Weston Daniel Weston (born 11 March 1983) is a German cricketer. He was named in Germany's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in Germany's opening fixture, against\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Weston\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18208279\",\n \"text\": \"Richmond Mutumbami Richmond Mutumbami (born 11 June 1989) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. A wicket-keeper batsman, Mutumbami made his first-class debut as a 17-year-old against Southerns in April 2007. Six years later, in April 2013, he made his international debut in a Test match against Bangladesh. He made his Twenty20 International debut against Pakistan in May 2015. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2017–18 Logan Cup for Matabeleland Tuskers, with 442 runs in seven matches. Mutumbami was named in the 21-Member squad for the Bangladeshi tour in April 2013. He made his test debut against Bangladesh in April 2013. He\",\n \"title\": \"Richmond Mutumbami\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5387209\",\n \"text\": \"an innings against Pakistan, Sachin Tendulkar's 35th test ton to overcome Sunil Gavaskar to become the batsman with the most international Test centuries. As of 1 Nov, 2017 it has hosted 32 Tests, 20 ODIs and 2 T20I. The first Test match at this venue was played on 10 November 1948 when India took on the West Indies. It is owned and operated by the DDCA (Delhi District Cricket Association). In 1952, playing against Pakistan, Hemu Adhikari and Ghulam Ahmed were involved in a record tenth wicket stand of 109 runs – a record that still stands. In 1965, S\",\n \"title\": \"Feroz Shah Kotla Ground\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3580549\",\n \"text\": \"end of the Australian innings, by ending 17 years of cricketing career. He ended his international career with a wicket off his last ball. At the retirement, Dilshan is the second highest T20I run scorer of all time as well. Commentators summarized his career with the quote Legends Never Retires. On 1 August 2015, Dilshan and fellow Sri Lankan cricketer Muttiah Muralitharan was appointed as the brand ambassadors for the Presidential Task Force to combat kidney disease by the President Maithripala Sirisena. Dilshan publicly displayed his support to Mahinda Rajapaksa at the 2015 Presidential Election. He did so by welcoming\",\n \"title\": \"Tillakaratne Dilshan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9424480\",\n \"text\": \"equalling Brian Lara's record for the most runs off an over in Test cricket. On 7 September 2014, George Bailey resigned as the captain of the Australian T20I team in order to focus solely on the 2015 ODI World Cup. In August 2017, he was named in a World XI side to play three Twenty20 International matches against Pakistan in the 2017 Independence Cup in Lahore. In the third match of the series, Bailey undertook wicketkeeping duties. During the 2012–13 summer, George Bailey led a one-day Australian team lacking draw-cards Dave Warner and Shane Watson. This led to criticism from\",\n \"title\": \"George Bailey (cricketer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3583515\",\n \"text\": \"consistent form, scoring over 11,000 runs in Test cricket and is currently the 8th highest run scorer of all time in the format. Due to poor performances, Chanderpaul was dropped from the West Indies squad in 2015. After that, he announced his retirement from international cricket in 2016, without a farewell, at the age of 41. Shivnarine Chanderpaul was born to Indo-Guyanese parents Kamraj and Uma Chanderpaul in Unity Village, Guyana on 16 August 1974. His father, Kamraj Chanderpaul, helped to nurture his cricketing ability as a youngster. His ancestors moved from India to the West Indies as slaves under\",\n \"title\": \"Shivnarine Chanderpaul\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6304730\",\n \"text\": \"As of 2016, he has passed 8,000 runs in both Test and ODI cricket and has a batting average of over fifty in both forms of the game. He is also the only batsman in ODI cricket to have completed a trio of 5000+ runs, 50+ average and 100+ strike rate in his career. As of May 2018, he had scored 20,014 runs in international cricket since debut, just lying second behind Kumar Sangakkara. AB De Villiers captained South Africa in all formats, but since his injuries, he stepped down from Test captaincy and continued in ODI(One Day Ininng) and\",\n \"title\": \"AB de Villiers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9342254\",\n \"text\": \"Khan for Pakistan Women against West Indies Women in Karachi in 2003/04. Three English batsmen, Janet Brittin with 1935 runs at 49.61, Charlotte Edwards, 1621 at 49.09 and Rachel Heyhoe-Flint with 1594 at 45.54, head the all-time run scoring lists while six other women have scored more than 1,000 Test runs. Mary Duggan of England took 77 Test wickets at 13.49 while Australia's Betty Wilson took 68 at 11.8. Seven other women have 50 or more victims to their name . Betty Wilson was the first player, male or female, to record a century and ten wickets in a Test\",\n \"title\": \"History of women's cricket\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15911271\",\n \"text\": \"Meg Lanning Meghann Moira Lanning (born 25 March 1992) is an Australian international cricketer who currently captains the Australian women's national team and the Victorian Spirit. She holds the record for the most career centuries in women's One Day Internationals, with twelve. In March 2018, during Australia's match against England in the 2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series, Lanning became the first Australian, male or female, to score 2,000 runs in Twenty20 Internationals. She made her debut for the Victorian Spirit on 6 December 2008 against the South Australian Scorpions, scoring 3 runs as Victoria won by 45 runs. She played\",\n \"title\": \"Meg Lanning\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16407185\",\n \"text\": \"the 2012 season. He was included in the Western Province cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. He was the leading run-scorer in the 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup, with a total of 1,069 runs in nine matches. In August 2017, he was named in Cape Town Knight Riders' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2017, he scored his 25th century in first-class cricket, batting for Cape Cobras against Warriors in the 2017–18\",\n \"title\": \"Pieter Malan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4071601\",\n \"text\": \"subsequently decided to accelerate the innings, but this only triggered a collapse. The rain never came and Sri Lanka fell a long way short of the target. He resigned as Sri Lanka's T20 captain after the match and in 2014 also announced his retirement from T20 cricket. He holds the record for most number of catches in ODIs, taking 218 catches in 448 matches. matches. He also holds the record for the most runs in a Twenty20 World Cup Career having scored 858 runs in 25 innings, at an average of 40.8 runs per inning, in the four ICC World\",\n \"title\": \"Mahela Jayawardene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5609784\",\n \"text\": \"On 4 May 2010 McCullum became the first player to score 1,000 T20 international runs. He achieved this feat playing against Zimbabwe in the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 at Guyana. On 28 June 2010, McCullum announced that he will not keep wicket for New Zealand in Test matches. He, however informed that he will still keep in 50-overs & T20 over games. He did a fine job in his first innings since handing over the Wicket-keeping duties he scored 65 runs and was engaged in a 104 run partnership with Ross Taylor he was promoted to the position of opener\",\n \"title\": \"Brendon McCullum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060377\",\n \"text\": \"Twenty20 International A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket, played between two of the international members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), in which each team faces twenty overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. Since 2005, T20I status only applied to Full Members and some Associate Member teams. However, in April 2018, the ICC announced that it will grant T20I status to all its 105 members from 1 January 2019. The shortened format was initially introduced to bolster crowds for the domestic\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6196254\",\n \"text\": \"is the first and joint world record holder for conceding the least number of runs (6 runs) in a T20 International after bowling the complete quota of overs (4 overs is the maximum quota in a T20 match). Utseya tendered his resignation as national captain after the side's disappointing performance at the T20 World Cup in May 2010 saying that he was stepping down in the interest of the team's future development. He led Zimbabwe in 67 one-day internationals, with 20 victories, and all 10 of the Twenty20 internationals the team has played. Utseya took hat trick against South Africa\",\n \"title\": \"Prosper Utseya\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060384\",\n \"text\": \"in the final. Writing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competition's success meant that \\\"the format is here to stay\\\". The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually (more frequently than the 50 over Cricket World Cup, which occurs once every four years). In the opening match of the 2007 World Twenty20, Chris Gayle scored the first century in a T20I, the achievement being reached in the twentieth match of the format. The 500th T20I match was contested between Ireland and the United Arab Emirates at the Sheikh Zayed\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3580606\",\n \"text\": \"and 25 T20Is, and had equalled Glenn McGrath's run of 380 wickets in ODI matches – the highest for Australia. In July 2014, he played for the MCC side in the Bicentenary Celebration match at Lord's. In 2018, during his commentary for BT Sport in the 2017-18 Ashes series at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Lee revealed that he is an honorary member at Lord's, but not a lifetime member on his home ground at the SCG. Lee made his Twenty20 and T20 International debut on 15 February 2005 against New Zealand in the first ever T20 international match. He was\",\n \"title\": \"Brett Lee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9937559\",\n \"text\": \"in the WNCL, including two centuries, as New South Wales won for the fifth consecutive time, and making 191 runs at 47.75 in the T20 tournament. Blackwell led Australia in the Rose Bowl series in early-2010 after regular captain Jodie Fields was sidelined due to injury. They won all eight ODIs but lost all five T20 internationals. Blackwell made 235 runs at 33.57 including two fifties. In February 2018, she announced her retirement from international cricket, but would continue to play in the Women's Big Bash League. In November 2018, she was named in Sydney Thunder's squad for the 2018–19\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Blackwell\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19003973\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after. In October 2018, he was named in Durban Heat's squad for the first edition of the Mzansi Super League T20 tournament. He was the leading run-scorer for the team in the tournament, with 216 runs in ten matches. In January 2018, he was named in South Africa's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against India. He made his ODI debut for South Africa against India on 4 February 2018. Khaya Zondo Khaya Zondo (born 7 March 1990) is a South African cricketer. He\",\n \"title\": \"Khaya Zondo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18916355\",\n \"text\": \"On 29 August 2013, the Australian opener Aaron Finch set a new record for Twenty20 international cricket when he scored 156 runs off 63 balls for Australia against England at the Ageas Bowl. Finch's innings included 14 sixes (also a record) and 11 fours. The previous record was 123 runs, scored by Brendon McCullum of New Zealand. Rose Bowl (cricket ground) The Rose Bowl, currently known as The Ageas Bowl for sponsorship reasons, is a cricket ground and residential hotel complex in West End, Hampshire, England, located between the M27 motorway and Telegraph Woods. It is the home of Hampshire\",\n \"title\": \"Rose Bowl (cricket ground)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7144508\",\n \"text\": \"2018 where he scored 286 runs in 14 innings (avg 23.83, SR 133). Poor form compounded with lackluster captaincy over the season saw the Mumbai Indians crashing out against Delhi in a must win match. Unable to qualify for the playoffs, they were not able to defend their fourth title. Rohit Sharma is an aggressive batsman mixed with style and elegance. He is usually an opening Batsman in limited-overs formats, but played most of his Test cricket as a middle-order batsman. Rohit has a flourishing one-day and T20 career, but yet to prove in the Test career.He is known for\",\n \"title\": \"Rohit Sharma\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6304754\",\n \"text\": \"ended in a draw. After the end of the match, Hashim Amla resigned from the captaincy and de Villiers was chosen to captain South Africa for the last two matches. On 21 February 2016, de Villiers scored the fastest T20 fifty by a South African in just 21 balls. He completed the innings with 79 runs in 29 balls and led South Africa to a clean sweep in T20 series. On 18 January 2017, de Villiers ruled himself out from most of the Test matches and ultimately played in December 2017. However, a day before the Test match, Faf du\",\n \"title\": \"AB de Villiers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13327648\",\n \"text\": \"Mohammad Shahzad Mohammad Shahzad Mohammadi (; born 31 January 1988) is an Afghan cricketer who is a right-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicketkeeper. Shahzad represents Afghanistan in international cricket. Known as a hard big hitter for the ball, Shahzad has the most number of Twenty20 International Player of the match awards by an associate member with 10 T20I Player of the match awards, and holds the record for the most scores of 50 or more in T20I by an associate player as well. He is the highest run scorer for all associate nations. With 118 not out against\",\n \"title\": \"Mohammad Shahzad\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11464901\",\n \"text\": \"Hafeez, which is the second best opening partnership for Pakistan against any team and first best partnership against India in one day internationals. They eclipsed Aamer Sohail and Saeed Anwar's record of 144 runs which was made in 1996.He had a poor ICC World Cup 2015 in which he was dismissed in the single figures thrice and frequently struggled with the pull shot. In 2009 he along with veteran Abdul Razzaq set the highest 3rd wicket partnership ever in any forms of T20s(162) In February 2017 he was provisionally suspended under the PCB's Anti-Corruption Code as part of an ongoing\",\n \"title\": \"Nasir Jamshed\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13509126\",\n \"text\": \"Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies. Ahead of the tournament, she was named as one of the players to watch. In the opening match of the tournament, against New Zealand, she became the first woman for India to score a century in WT20Is, when she made 103 runs from 51 balls. She was the leading run-scorer for India in the tournament, with 183 runs in five matches. In November 2018, she was named in Sydney Thunder's squad for the 2018–19 Women's Big Bash League season. Harmanpreet Kaur Harmanpreet Kaur (born 8 March 1989) is an Indian cricketer. She plays as\",\n \"title\": \"Harmanpreet Kaur\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8060379\",\n \"text\": \"format also sees one mandatory powerplay taken in the first six overs. This shorter format of the game makes reaching the traditional milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult, and few players have achieved these. The highest individual score in a Twenty20 International is 172, made by Australia's Aaron Finch against Zimbabwe in 2018, while Sri Lanka's Ajantha Mendis and India's Yuzvendra Chahal are the only bowlers to have taken two six wickets in an innings, and fewer than twenty players have taken five wickets in an innings. Cricket itself was probably first\",\n \"title\": \"Twenty20 International\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who has scored most runs in t20 international matches"}}},{"rowIdx":293,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Joseph Kahn"],"string":"[\n \"Joseph Kahn\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"18335085","text":"Out of the Woods (song) \"Out of the Woods\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff of fun.. It was the second song to be officially released from her fifth studio album \"1989\", serving as the first promotional single on October 14, 2014. It is the fourth track on the album, after \"Style\". \"Out of the Woods\" serves as the sixth official single with an accompanying music video that premiered on December 31, 2015, during \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve\" on ABC. It was released to radio","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"18335101","text":"song during her Reputation Stadium Tour show at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Canada on August 3, 2018. Ryan Adams recorded a soft rock cover of \"Out of the Woods\" for his album \"1989\". Yahoo! writer Oscar Gracey said that Adams' cover \"makes us want to hike through a forest, find a clearing, and mourn the relationships that didn't quite work out.\" Credits are adapted from liner notes of \"1989\". Out of the Woods (song) \"Out of the Woods\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff of fun.. It","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"18227424","text":"music video premiered on \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" on ABC on December 31, 2015. It was released to radio on February 5, 2016. \"Out of the Woods\" peaked at number 18 on the Hot 100 after being released as a promotional single in 2014. \"New Romantics\" was released to contemporary hit radio on February 23, 2016 as the seventh and final single from the album. The music video was uploaded to Vevo and YouTube on April 13, 2016, and features various clips from The 1989 World Tour. \"New Romantics\" is the lowest peaking single from","title":"1989 (Taylor Swift album)"},{"id":"17318870","text":"Out of the Woods (film) Out of the Woods: Life and Death in Dirty Dave's Homeless Camp is a 2012 feature documentary film by Michael E. Arth. It follows the life and death struggles of homeless people living in a camp in the woods for four years. Arth single-handely directed, shot and edited \"Out of the Woods\" after meeting one of the subjects, Dean \"Dino the Dinosaur\" Bieber, in a former drug slum Arth had rebuilt and turned into \"The Garden District\" in DeLand some years before. The backstory of \"Out of the Woods\" is told in Arth's previous documentary,","title":"Out of the Woods (film)"},{"id":"10262031","text":"Fiction\", by Taylor Swift. In 2017, Zackham wrote and produced \"Second Act\" for STX Entertainment. In October 2017, Leah Remini, Annaleigh Ashford, Vanessa Hudgens, Dan Bucatinsky and Freddie Stroma joined the cast of the film.Starring Jennifer Lopez, Vanessa Hudgens, Milo Ventimiglia, Leah Remini, Treat Williams, Annaleigh Ashford, and Charlyne Yi. The film was directed by Peter Segal and will be released over Thanksgiving, 2018. Zackham is the creator and executive producer of the FX drama series \"Lights Out\", about a former heavyweight champion facing bankruptcy and Alzheimer's disease. He wrote \"Riverside\", a 2007 television pilot, a coming of age semi-autobiographical","title":"Justin Zackham"},{"id":"9611795","text":"thriller and action films; including \"Along Came a Spider\", \"2 Fast 2 Furious\", \"Rush Hour 2\", and \"The Butterfly Effect.\" He shot the 2004 remake of \"Dawn of the Dead\", which served as the feature film debut of director Zack Snyder. Since 2006, he has mostly worked on comedy films, many of which are directed by the Farrelly Brothers. In 2015, he was the recipient of a Special Honor Prize, the President's Award, from the American Society of Cinematographers. Leonetti has a younger brother, John, who is himself a prolific cinematographer and occasional film director. He is a graduate of","title":"Matthew F. Leonetti"},{"id":"18335099","text":"described the video as \"fantastically cinematic\". \"The Huffington Post\" Dominique Mosbergen called the music video \"haunting\".As of March 2018 the video has over 131 million views on YouTube. Swift first performed the song as part of her \"1989 Secret Sessions\" for \"IHeart Radio\" in New York City, the day \"1989\" was released in October 2014. She then performed it in New York City for \"Good Morning America\", on October 30, 2014, when she also performed \"Welcome to New York\" and \"Shake It Off.\" On December 3, 2015, Swift performed the song on a piano at Australia's Hamilton Island, where radio","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"18335086","text":"on February 5, 2016. The song went number one in Israel and has reached the top 10 in Belgium, Canada, and New Zealand as well as the top 20 in Australia and the United States. Swift premiered a 15-second clip of \"Out of the Woods\" on \"Good Morning America\" on October 13, 2014. Swift called \"Out of the Woods\" one of her \"favorite songs on this album because it best represents 1989.\" She explained that the song is about \"the fragility and breakable nature of some relationships. This was a relationship where I was kind of living day-to-day wondering where","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"4445739","text":"list that included Angelina Jolie, Steven Soderbergh, Ryan Murphy, Joe Wright, and Gus Van Sant. Taylor-Johnson was in pole position to direct \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (the sequel to \"Fifty Shades of Grey\"), but decided to walk away from the much-discussed franchise after she was involved in a number of disagreements with author E.L. James. In June 2017, Taylor-Johnson said that she regretted directing the first film. Taylor-Johnson has had cancer twice. In December 1997, at age 30, she was treated for colon cancer. In 2000, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. She practices yoga and Transcendental Meditation, of which she","title":"Sam Taylor-Johnson"},{"id":"19463440","text":"and \"The Last Time\", and one in a collaboration with Tim McGraw; \"Highway Don't Care\". Swift's fifth album \"1989\" produced the music videos for \"Shake It Off\" and \"Blank Space\", in 2014, with the latter becoming the fastest video to reach one billion views on Vevo, \"Style\", \"Bad Blood\" and \"Wildest Dreams\", in 2015, \"Out of the Woods\" and \"New Romantics\", in 2016. The videos for \"Blank Space\" and \"Bad Blood\", featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar, won four accolades at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, with the latter winning for Video of the Year and Best Collaboration. It also received","title":"Taylor Swift videography"},{"id":"2780689","text":"it was reported that novelist Richard Russo, during a speech at Union College, confirmed that he was working on the screenplay. By November 2013, Nick Nolte had been cast to costar as Katz. Larry Charles (of \"Borat\" and \"Brüno\") was briefly attached as director, but eventually the job went to Ken Kwapis, whose most recent film was \"Big Miracle\" and who was a key figure on the U.S. television series \"The Office\". The screenplay was by Michael Arndt, credited as Rick Kerb, and Bill Holderman, who is a producer at Redford's Wildwood Enterprises. Shooting began in spring 2014. The movie","title":"A Walk in the Woods (book)"},{"id":"17476407","text":"Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \"Little Red Riding Hood\", \"Cinderella\", \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", and \"Rapunzel\", the film is a fantasy genre","title":"Into the Woods (film)"},{"id":"2811494","text":"Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993), \"James and the Giant Peach\" (1996), and \"Coraline\" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance of Jules Engel. Selick was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, the son of Melanie (née Molan) and Charles H. Selick. He was raised in Rumson. Selick did little but draw from ages 3 to 12. Selick's fascination with animation","title":"Henry Selick"},{"id":"2780688","text":"doubt as to whether the health-conscious Newman would consider putting on enough weight to accurately portray the rotund Katz (Newman retired from acting in May 2007 and died in 2008). In February 2007, Chris Columbus, director of \"Home Alone\" and the first two \"Harry Potter\" films, was reported to have agreed to direct the adaptation. However, in January 2008, \"the Hollywood Reporter\", while noting that the script was delayed due to the Hollywood writers' strike, reported that Barry Levinson, the Academy Award–winning director of \"Rain Man\", was in talks to direct. Redford has said of the project In February 2012,","title":"A Walk in the Woods (book)"},{"id":"10180748","text":"Tim Johnson (film director) Tim Johnson (born August 27, 1961) is an American film director. Johnson has directed in many films such as \"Antz\", \"\" and \"Over the Hedge\". Recently, he directed the DreamWorks 3D film \"Home.\" Johnson was born in Chicago. He studied at Northwestern University where he earned a BA in English Literature. He also produced two animated films; both of which earned Richter Grant Organization Awards. Upon graduating, he worked for two years as a freelance animator and director. His introduction to computer animation came in 1985 while he worked on the staff at Post Effects in","title":"Tim Johnson (film director)"},{"id":"17476450","text":"delight\". Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \"Little Red Riding Hood\", \"Cinderella\", \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", and \"Rapunzel\", the film is a fantasy","title":"Into the Woods (film)"},{"id":"18045505","text":"of Nick Nolte that he was eventually cast in the role. Redford said of the project: Larry Charles (of \"Borat\" and \"Brüno\") was briefly attached as director, but eventually the job went to Ken Kwapis, whose most recent film was \"Big Miracle\" and who was a key figure on the U.S. television series \"The Office\". Principal photography of the film began on May 5, 2014, in Los Angeles. Exterior locations were largely filmed at Amicalola Falls State Park, in Dawsonville, Georgia, including scenes at The Lodge at Amicalola Falls. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23,","title":"A Walk in the Woods (film)"},{"id":"16072318","text":"Tate Taylor Tate Taylor (born June 3, 1969) is an American actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. He is best known for directing \"The Help\" (2011), \"Get on Up\" (2014) and \"The Girl on the Train\" (2016). Taylor was born on June 3, 1969 in Jackson, Mississippi, where he grew up. He attended preschool in Jackson with writer Kathryn Stockett. Taylor worked for 15 years in New York City and Los Angeles. Though he debuted as a feature film director in \"Pretty Ugly People\" (2008), he was primarily an actor for most of his career, in films such as \"Winter's","title":"Tate Taylor"},{"id":"8454513","text":"Don Taylor (American actor and director) Donald Richie Taylor (December 13, 1920 – December 29, 1998) was an American actor and film director. He co-starred in 1940s and 1950s classics, including the 1948 film noir \"The Naked City\", \"Battleground\", \"Father of the Bride\", \"Father's Little Dividend\" and \"Stalag 17\". He later turned to directing films such as \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\" (1971), \"Tom Sawyer\" (1973), and \"\" (1978). The son of Mr. and Mrs. D.E. Taylor, he was born Donald Ritchie Taylor in Freeport, Pennsylvania, on December 13, 1920. (Another source says that he was born \"in","title":"Don Taylor (American actor and director)"},{"id":"18335096","text":"\"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" on ABC on December 31, 2015. It marked Swift's and Kahn's fourth collaboration in \"1989\" following \"Blank Space\", \"Bad Blood\" and \"Wildest Dreams\". The video was filmed on location in New Zealand in the mountains of Queenstown and on Bethells Beach. During the filming, a severe storm struck, causing trees to fall around them. After evacuating, filming resumed a week later. The video starts with the caption \"She lost him.\" Next, Swift is first seen on the beach barefoot and only wearing a blue dress. She runs through what appears to","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"19227024","text":"version of \"Amazing Grace\" was featured during the intro to the season 10 finale of the popular The Discovery Channel show, \"Deadliest Catch\". On October 19, 2014, Taylor Swift praised Holfelder's cover of her song, \"Out of the Woods,\" in a tweet. On May 2, 2015, Richard Marx tweeted his approval of Holfelder's cover of his hit song, \"Right Here Waiting\". During the 2015 NFL season, several of Holfelder's minor key covers were featured on ESPN's \"Sunday NFL Countdown\". In December 2015, popular YouTuber Kurt Hugo Schneider directed a music video for Holfelder's minor-key version of Mariah Carey's \"All I","title":"Chase Holfelder"},{"id":"16214824","text":"period for another project to go ahead; he said \"My friends and I were in the middle of another project, waiting for the rights for that, and it was taking too long.\" Filming started two months after the initial idea, took twelve days to shoot, and was completed for a budget of $100,000. The film is D'Onofrio's feature length directorial debut. During an interview with Patrick McDonald of hollywoodchicago.com, he was asked how directors he had worked with influenced him; D'Onofrio said that great directors stuck with their original idea and were not sidetracked. McDonald asked him \"How did you","title":"Don't Go in the Woods (2010 film)"},{"id":"18784963","text":"Anthony O'Brien Anthony O'Brien, is a director as well as a writer, producer, and editor. He grew up in Seattle, Washington and currently resides in Los Angeles, California. He is best known as the director of the feature film \"The Timber\", starring \"Josh Peck\" and \"James Ransone\". His directorial debut \"Perfect Sport\" won multiple awards. O'Brien co-starred in his directorial debut Perfect Sport, which was an official selection at \"Seattle International Film Festival\" and went on to win the SIFF People's Choice award. It also won the National Film Festival for Talented Youth Audience Award, and the Gold Remi award","title":"Anthony O'Brien"},{"id":"14196915","text":"Scott Cooper (director) Scott Cooper (born April 20, 1970) is an American director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He is known for writing and directing \"Crazy Heart\" (2009), \"Out of the Furnace\" (2013), \"Black Mass\" (2015) and \"Hostiles\" (2017). Cooper was born in Abingdon, Virginia. He is a 1988 graduate of Abingdon High School. Cooper trained as an actor at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in New York City. He received both his undergraduate degree in 1992 and his Doctor of Humane Letters in 2014 from Hampden–Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. Cooper is married and lives in Los Angeles","title":"Scott Cooper (director)"},{"id":"17318874","text":"of the car. He then goes on to say that the only thing he was good at skipping was school and that he would smile but meth had spoiled his teeth. Out of the Woods (film) Out of the Woods: Life and Death in Dirty Dave's Homeless Camp is a 2012 feature documentary film by Michael E. Arth. It follows the life and death struggles of homeless people living in a camp in the woods for four years. Arth single-handely directed, shot and edited \"Out of the Woods\" after meeting one of the subjects, Dean \"Dino the Dinosaur\" Bieber, in","title":"Out of the Woods (film)"},{"id":"18293998","text":"Wes Ball Wes Ball (born October 28, 1980) is an American film director, visual effects artist and graphic artist. He attended Crescent City Jr./Sr. High School and graduated in 1999. He graduated from the Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts with a BFA in 2002. He is best known for directing the 2014 film \"The Maze Runner\", based on James Dashner's novel. Ball also directed the sequel, \"\", which opened in theaters on September 18, 2015, and the third film, \"\". Ball is attached to direct a film adaptation of \"Fall of Gods\", a crowdfunded illustrated novel from","title":"Wes Ball"},{"id":"4726426","text":"series finale of \"The Office\". He also produced the half-hour Showtime pilot \"Happyish\", written by Shalom Auslander and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman. The project stalled after Hoffman's death, but was eventually recast with Steve Coogan. It made its debut on Showtime in April 2015 and, in addition to producing, Kwapis directed four of its episodes. In 2014, Kwapis directed the feature film \"A Walk in the Woods\", based on the bestselling travel memoir by Bill Bryson. The film stars Robert Redford and Nick Nolte as two old friends who decide to walk the 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail. The film, which was","title":"Ken Kwapis"},{"id":"10993264","text":"Kyle Newman Kyle Newman (born March 16, 1976) is an American filmmaker and author. His directorial work encompasses a number of feature films, including the action-comedy \"Barely Lethal\", starring Hailee Steinfeld and Samuel L. Jackson, Jessica Alba and Sophie Turner, for producer Brett Ratner, released by A24 Films; \"Fanboys\", a Star Wars-themed comedy starring Kristen Bell, produced by Kevin Spacey and distributed by The Weinstein Company; as well as The Hollow, a modern retelling of Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. He has directed music videos for Taylor Swift (“Style”) and Lana Del Rey (“Summertime Sadness”), and created the","title":"Kyle Newman"},{"id":"8408946","text":"James Foley (director) James Foley (born December 28, 1953) is an American film director. His 1986 film \"At Close Range\" was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival. Other films he has directed include \"Glengarry Glen Ross\", based on the play of the same name by David Mamet, and \"The Chamber\", based on the novel of the same name by author John Grisham. He also directed the two sequels to \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017) and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018). Foley was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York, the son of a lawyer. He graduated","title":"James Foley (director)"},{"id":"10195516","text":"Rick Carter Rick Carter (born 1950) is an American production designer and art director. He is known for his work in the film \"Forrest Gump\", which earned him an Oscar nomination, as well as numerous nominations of other awards for his work in \"Amistad\" and \"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\". Other films include \"Cast Away\", \"War of the Worlds\", \"What Lies Beneath\", \"Jurassic Park\", \"Avatar\", and \"Back to the Future Part II\" and \"Part III\". Many of the films that he has worked on are directed by Steven Spielberg or Robert Zemeckis. For his part in the Art Direction of \"Avatar\", he","title":"Rick Carter"},{"id":"13175870","text":"Liliana Greenfield-Sanders Liliana Greenfield-Sanders (born October 10, 1981) is an American filmmaker. Greenfield-Sanders is a writer and director, born and raised in the East Village of New York City. She received honors in Art-Semiotics from Brown University and attended New York University Graduate Film School for her Masters in Film. Greenfield-Sanders participated in the 2011 Sundance Screenwriters and Directors Labs, won the 2012 Sloan Foundation Feature Film Award, won the 2012 Tribeca All Access Grant and Grand Jury mention for the Creative Promise Award and was chosen for the 2013/2014 Warner Bros. Television Workshop. She is founder and Head Programmer/Director","title":"Liliana Greenfield-Sanders"},{"id":"6139808","text":"Scott Derrickson Scott Derrickson (born July 16, 1966) is an American director, screenwriter and producer. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Derrickson is best known for directing numerous horror films, such as \"The Exorcism of Emily Rose\" (2005), \"Sinister\" (2012), and \"Deliver Us From Evil\" (2014), as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film \"Doctor Strange\" (2016). Derrickson grew up in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Biola University with a B.A. in Humanities, with an emphasis on literature and philosophy, and a B.A. in communications, with an emphasis on film, and a minor in theological studies. He earned his","title":"Scott Derrickson"},{"id":"7963584","text":"singles \"Out of the Woods\" and \"New Romantics\". \"Shake It Off\", \"Blank Space\", and \"Bad Blood\" also topped the charts in Australia and Canada. After \"Blank Space\" reached number-one in the US following \"Shake It Off\", Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100's history to succeed herself at the top spot. The music video for the former briefly became the fastest video to reach one billion views on Vevo. The videos for \"Blank Space\" and \"Bad Blood\" won four accolades at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, with the latter winning for Video of the Year and Best","title":"Taylor Swift"},{"id":"2811506","text":"how do we buttress it? If we have a mechanical shark, how does it kill? Will it shoot things from its snout?\" Ranft said Selick has an uncanny gift: \"He can articulate things through animation that people couldn't say otherwise.\" Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993), \"James and the Giant Peach\" (1996), and \"Coraline\" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance","title":"Henry Selick"},{"id":"6268294","text":"trade, civil rights, war, and terrorism. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for \"Schindler's List\" and \"Saving Private Ryan\", as well as receiving five other nominations. Three of Spielberg's films—\"Jaws\", \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\", and \"Jurassic Park\"—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $10 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history and the first to ever pass this milestone (on approximately April 16th 2018). Spielberg has worked as a producer, executive producer, director, or in an otherwise creative capacity on several films where he","title":"Steven Spielberg filmography"},{"id":"7083902","text":"Finn Taylor Finn Taylor (born July 4, 1958) is an American film writer and director. Taylor was born in Oakland, California, and lived in Norway for a few years in his childhood. He attended the University of Montana and later San Francisco State University. He studied poetry and playwriting at San Francisco State before moving into screenwriting in 1993. Taylor frequently works and produces films in the San Francisco bay area rather than for major studios in Hollywood and Los Angeles. Taylor told the \"San Francisco Chronicle\", \"I feel really strongly that I stay based up here. My roots in","title":"Finn Taylor"},{"id":"6149296","text":"and commercial reception to films Zack Snyder has directed as of November 26, 2017: Snyder's body of work has earned him a number of awards, including two Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award for his Jeep \"Frisbee\" commercial. He also won the Society of British Advertisers Award for Humor for his controversial EB Beer commercial \"General's Party.\" Zack Snyder Zachary Edward Snyder (born March 1, 1966) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He made his feature film debut in 2004 with a remake of the 1978 horror film \"Dawn of the Dead\". Since then, he has done","title":"Zack Snyder"},{"id":"16072321","text":"being produced by Jason Blum through his Blumhouse Productions banner and is planned on being released in 2019. Taylor resides on the Wyolah Plantation, an Antebellum plantation in Church Hill, Mississippi. Director Actor Tate Taylor Tate Taylor (born June 3, 1969) is an American actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. He is best known for directing \"The Help\" (2011), \"Get on Up\" (2014) and \"The Girl on the Train\" (2016). Taylor was born on June 3, 1969 in Jackson, Mississippi, where he grew up. He attended preschool in Jackson with writer Kathryn Stockett. Taylor worked for 15 years in New","title":"Tate Taylor"},{"id":"19630268","text":"Ericson Core Ericson Core is an American film director and cinematographer, best known for directing the 2006 sports film \"Invincible\" and the 2015 film \"Point Break\". He has been director of photography on several films including \"Payback\", \"The Fast and the Furious\", and \"Daredevil\". Core attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, at age 16, and he then attended USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles to get a B.A. degree in film production and directing studies. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in directing and cinematography, also from the Art Center College of","title":"Ericson Core"},{"id":"6139813","text":"and has two children. Critical, public and commercial reception to films Derrickson has directed as of November 13, 2016. Scott Derrickson Scott Derrickson (born July 16, 1966) is an American director, screenwriter and producer. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Derrickson is best known for directing numerous horror films, such as \"The Exorcism of Emily Rose\" (2005), \"Sinister\" (2012), and \"Deliver Us From Evil\" (2014), as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film \"Doctor Strange\" (2016). Derrickson grew up in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Biola University with a B.A. in Humanities, with an emphasis on literature and philosophy,","title":"Scott Derrickson"},{"id":"4854328","text":"they have 2 sons. In 2014, the couple announced that they were divorcing. James Mangold James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing the films \"Cop Land\" (1997), \"Girl, Interrupted\" (1999), \"Kate & Leopold\" (2001), \"Walk the Line\" (2005), \"\" (2007), and \"Knight and Day\" (2010). Mangold also directed the superhero films based on the Marvel Comics character Wolverine, \"The Wolverine\" (2013) and \"Logan\" (2017), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also produced and directed","title":"James Mangold"},{"id":"18335098","text":"with the caption \"She lost him, but she found herself, and somehow that was everything.\", which was part of the secret messages in her song, \"Clean\" in the lyric-booklet of her \"1989\" record. Sharan Shetty of \"Slate\" wrote the subject of the song, anxiety, \"is literalized to an extreme degree in the song’s video\". Peter Sblendorio of the \"New York Daily News\" deemed it \"perhaps her most stunning music video yet\" and hailed the visuals as \"eye-popping\". \"People\" also called it \"an eye-popper of a video\", while \"Billboard\" agreed on the stunningness of the clip. Writing for \"Spin\", Harley Brown","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"17625568","text":"Steve Martino Stephen Michael \"Steve\" Martino (born July 21, 1959) is an American director and designer, best known for directing the films \"Horton Hears a Who!\" (2008), \"\" (2012) and \"The Peanuts Movie\" (2015). Martino went to Ohio State University where he studied design. After graduation, he heard computer animation pioneer Chuck Csuri speak. \"I was absolutely blown away. No one was doing what he was showing us. I hadn't seen images like that anywhere before,\" Martino said. He returned to the university and earned in 1989 a master's degree, studying at the Computer Graphics Research Group (later renamed to","title":"Steve Martino"},{"id":"18293999","text":"Denmark-based Mood Studios. Wes Ball Wes Ball (born October 28, 1980) is an American film director, visual effects artist and graphic artist. He attended Crescent City Jr./Sr. High School and graduated in 1999. He graduated from the Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts with a BFA in 2002. He is best known for directing the 2014 film \"The Maze Runner\", based on James Dashner's novel. Ball also directed the sequel, \"\", which opened in theaters on September 18, 2015, and the third film, \"\". Ball is attached to direct a film adaptation of \"Fall of Gods\", a crowdfunded","title":"Wes Ball"},{"id":"4854320","text":"James Mangold James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing the films \"Cop Land\" (1997), \"Girl, Interrupted\" (1999), \"Kate & Leopold\" (2001), \"Walk the Line\" (2005), \"\" (2007), and \"Knight and Day\" (2010). Mangold also directed the superhero films based on the Marvel Comics character Wolverine, \"The Wolverine\" (2013) and \"Logan\" (2017), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also produced and directed pilots for the television series \"Men in Trees\" (2006–2008), \"NYC 22\" (2011–2012), and","title":"James Mangold"},{"id":"7676834","text":"Shania Twain single \"Forever and for Always\"(2003), \"Out of the Woods\" for Taylor Swift, TV series \"The New Adventures of Black Beauty\", Brit/New Zealand TV movie \"The Man Who Lost His Head\", and episodes of \"\", \"Young Hercules\", and \"\". Battle scenes for New Disney Channel Original movie \"Avalon High\" were also filmed there. In addition, K-pop singer Taeyeon's first solo music video I, and the end scenes of were also filmed here. Te Henga (Bethells Beach) Te Henga (Bethells Beach) is a coastal community in the Auckland Region in the north of the North Island, New Zealand. The Māori","title":"Te Henga (Bethells Beach)"},{"id":"8894808","text":"Craig Zisk Craig Zisk is an American director and producer. Zisk was born to a Jewish family. After graduating from the University of Southern California, Zisk directed his first television series, \"Brooklyn Bridge\", at the age of 26. His first feature film was \"The English Teacher\", starring Julianne Moore, Greg Kinnear, Nathan Lane, Michael Angarano and Lily Collins. Zisk has executive produced several series including \"Weeds\", \"United States of Tara\" and \"The Larry Sanders Show\". Zisk has also directed over 50 series including \"The Big C\", \"Nurse Jackie\", \"Entourage\", \"The Office\", \"Alias\", \"Smash\", \"Parks and Recreation\", \"Shameless\" and \"Nip/Tuck\". Zisk","title":"Craig Zisk"},{"id":"18784964","text":"for Best Dramatic Feature Film at \"Worldfest Houston\". His second feature film \"The Timber\" was picked up for distribution nationally and internationally and was released in the United States in 2015. Anthony O'Brien Anthony O'Brien, is a director as well as a writer, producer, and editor. He grew up in Seattle, Washington and currently resides in Los Angeles, California. He is best known as the director of the feature film \"The Timber\", starring \"Josh Peck\" and \"James Ransone\". His directorial debut \"Perfect Sport\" won multiple awards. O'Brien co-starred in his directorial debut Perfect Sport, which was an official selection at","title":"Anthony O'Brien"},{"id":"5220096","text":"Kyle Chandler Kyle Martin Chandler is an American actor. He has held roles such as Gary Hobson on \"Early Edition\" and as Coach Eric Taylor in the drama series \"Friday Night Lights\", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2011. He has starred in the films \"King Kong\" (2005), \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" (2008), \"Super 8\" (2011), \"Argo\" (2012), \"Zero Dark Thirty\" (2012), \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" (2013), \"Carol\" (2015), \"Manchester by the Sea\" (2016), and \"Game Night\" (2018). From 2015 to 2017, he starred in Netflix's drama series \"Bloodline\", for which he received his","title":"Kyle Chandler"},{"id":"858201","text":"John G. Avildsen John Guilbert Avildsen (December 21, 1935 – June 16, 2017) was an American film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1977 for \"Rocky\". Other films he directed include \"Joe\" (1970), \"Save the Tiger\" (1973), \"Fore Play\" (1975), \"The Formula\" (1980), \"Neighbors\" (1981), \"For Keeps\" (1988), \"Lean on Me\" (1989), \"Rocky V\" (1990), \"The Power of One\" (1992), \"8 Seconds\" (1994), \"Inferno\" (1999) and the first three \"The Karate Kid\" films. Avildsen was born in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Ivy (née Guilbert) and Clarence John Avildsen. He was educated at The Hotchkiss","title":"John G. Avildsen"},{"id":"11126543","text":"Seith Mann Seith Mann (born 1973) is an American film and television director. He directed the award-winning \"Five Deep Breaths\" and has gone on to direct for \"The Wire\", \"Grey's Anatomy\" and \"Fringe\". Mann was inspired to become a director when he saw the Spike Lee film \"Do the Right Thing\". Mann graduated from Morehouse College and later earned an MFA in film at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Mann's thesis at New York University was the short film \"Five Deep Breaths\". It was awarded the Spike Lee fellowship while in development in 2002. The","title":"Seith Mann"},{"id":"427578","text":"Board of Review Awards Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Producers Guild of America Awards 64th Venice International Film Festival Lacanian Psychoanalysis Prize The Order of the Arts and Letters Moscow International Film Festival Critical, public and commercial reception to films Burton has directed as of February 2017. Tim Burton Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as \"Beetlejuice\" (1988), \"Edward Scissorhands\" (1990), \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993), \"Ed Wood\" (1994), \"Sleepy Hollow\" (1999), \"Corpse Bride\" (2005),","title":"Tim Burton"},{"id":"6114335","text":"Computer Wore Tennis Shoes\" and \"The Barefoot Executive\". Butler has won two Emmy Awards for outstanding directing, the first in 1973 for \"The Blue Knight\" pilot, and the second in 1981 for his \"Hill Street Blues\" premiere. In 2014 Butler's work was the subject of a career retrospective at the UCLA Film and Television Archive. Butler was honored by the Directors Guild of America (DGA) with a Lifetime Achievement Award in February 2015. Robert Butler (director) Robert Butler (born November 16, 1927) is an American film and Emmy Award-winning television director. He is best known for his work in television,","title":"Robert Butler (director)"},{"id":"3205054","text":"Michael J. Fox for Disney. In 1993 he directed \"Passion,\" starring the original Broadway cast, for television. He directed the film version of Anne Tyler's novel \"Earthly Possessions\", starring Susan Sarandon and Stephen Dorff, for HBO in 1999. He wrote the screenplay for Disney's film version of \"Into the Woods\" (2014), directed by Rob Marshall. He wrote and directed the film \"Custody\" in 2016 with Viola Davis, Hayden Panettiere and Catalina Sandino Moreno. Lapine received the 2015 Mr. Abbott Award at a special gala on October 19, 2015. The award is presented by the Stage Directors and Choreographers Foundation \"in","title":"James Lapine"},{"id":"13348125","text":"Craig Zobel Roger Craig Zobel (born October 6, 1976) is an American film director of the films \"Compliance\" and \"Great World of Sound\" and who also co-founded \"Homestar Runner\" and \"Ron Planet\". Zobel was born on September 16, 1976 in New York and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, later studying film at the North Carolina School of the Arts alongside David Gordon Green and other future collaborators. After graduation, Zobel worked on Green's first three films — \"George Washington\" (2000), \"All the Real Girls\", (2003) and \"Undertow\" (2003), as either co-producer, production manager or second unit director. He currently lives","title":"Craig Zobel"},{"id":"12271102","text":"Jonathan Levine Jonathan A. Levine (born June 18, 1976) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is well known for directing \"50/50\" in 2011. Jonathan A. Levine was born and raised in New York City, He attended St. Bernard's School, in Manhattan, and Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts. He received his bachelor's degree from Brown University, where he majored in Art Semiotics. He earned his Masters of Fine Arts (MFA) in Film Directing from the American Film Institute, in Los Angeles, at its AFI Conservatory. In 2006, he was nominated for a Best Independent Mini-Feature Award at the Black","title":"Jonathan Levine"},{"id":"7813479","text":"Lucky McKee Edward Lucky McKee (born November 1, 1975) is an American director, writer, and actor, largely known for the 2002 cult film \"May\". McKee was born in Jenny Lind, California. He has directed \"Sick Girl\", the 10th episode of the first season of the popular Showtime TV series \"Masters of Horror\". He directed the film \"The Woods\", which was released on DVD October 3, 2006. Lucky McKee also co-directed the hard-to-find horror film \"All Cheerleaders Die\", which is not currently in print. McKee optioned Jack Ketchum's novel \"The Lost\" and produced the film adaptation directed by Chris Sivertson. McKee","title":"Lucky McKee"},{"id":"7640858","text":"Roger Pratt (cinematographer) Roger Pratt BSC (born 27 February 1947) is a British cinematographer. Pratt has been the director of photography for more than 35 films. Among his body of films, he has worked on \"Batman\" (1989), \"Frankenstein\" (1994), \"102 Dalmatians\" (2000), \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\" (2002), \"Troy\" (2004), and more recently \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" (2005), \"Inkheart\" (2008) and \"The Karate Kid\" (2010). Pratt is also a frequent collaborator of directors Terry Gilliam, Roger Christian and Richard Attenborough. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work in \"The","title":"Roger Pratt (cinematographer)"},{"id":"20952994","text":"history which primarily consists of editing comedy and music, including multiple official music videos for artist Taylor Swift. In December 2018, NBC announced Everitt was announced as one of the members of the NBC Alternative Directors Program in its inaugural year. She will work on World of Dance and The Wall. Everitt has directed spots for brands including Disney Parks and the LA County Fair. Sharon Everitt Sharon Everitt is an American film and television director, producer, and editor. Everitt's resume primarily consists of directing comedy, music, and performance. She is known for directing the Comedy Central series The High","title":"Sharon Everitt"},{"id":"15547939","text":"2017, the second episode of 13 Reasons Why aired, featuring \"Run Boy Run\". The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Yoann has 2 nominations. Lemoine is openly gay. Yoann Lemoine Yoann Lemoine (born 16 March 1983) is a French music video director, graphic designer and singer-songwriter. His most notable works include his music video direction for Katy Perry's \"Teenage Dream\", Taylor Swift's \"Back to December\", Lana Del Rey's \"Born to Die\" and Harry Styles' \"Sign of the Times\". Lemoine is also a neofolk musician, going by the stage name Woodkid. On March","title":"Yoann Lemoine"},{"id":"6324613","text":"Winick directed the films \"Out of the Rain\" (1991), \"Tadpole\" (2002), \"13 Going on 30\" (2004), and the live-action remake of \"Charlotte's Web\" (2006). His final films were \"Bride Wars\" and \"Letters to Juliet\". He produced such films as \"Pieces of April\" (2003) and \"November\" (2004) through his New York City-based independent film production company InDigEnt, founded in 1999. Winick died of pneumonia in Manhattan on February 27, 2011, at age 49, resulting from brain cancer that had spread throughout him since 2009. Gary Winick Gary Scott Winick (March 31, 1961February 27, 2011) was an American filmmaker whose movies as","title":"Gary Winick"},{"id":"17318872","text":"Marchman/ACT/Pinegrove. Tiger Bay Village would be run as a non-profit and it would serve as a more efficient and compassionate alternative for those who would otherwise be incarcerated for substance abuse or mental health related issues. Arth's prodding led to a grudging but growing acceptance by local officials and agencies the necessity of building a holistic, campus of services at the location he suggested. The film premiered at Cinematique in Daytona Beach, FL on February 8, 2013 and was featured at the Ft. Myers Beach Film Festival in April 2013. It was subsequently made available on YouTube where it garnered","title":"Out of the Woods (film)"},{"id":"11638402","text":"David Snyder David L. Snyder (born September 22, 1944) is a film and television production designer. He has worked as an art director, producer, and assistant director on films including \"Blade Runner\", \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", \"The Whole Nine Yards\", and the television programs \"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\" and \"Battlestar Galactica\". He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on \"Blade Runner\" at the 55th Academy Awards. The film won the BAFTA for Production Design in 1983. Snyder was born in Buffalo, New York and attended the Technical High School there where","title":"David Snyder"},{"id":"6284079","text":"Matthew Libatique Matthew Libatique, is an American cinematographer who is best known for his work with director Darren Aronofsky on the films \"Pi\" (1998), \"Requiem for a Dream\" (2000), \"The Fountain\" (2006), \"Black Swan\" (2010), \"Noah\" (2014) and \"Mother!\" (2017)\".\" He also shot Bradley Cooper's directorial debut film, \"A Star Is Born\" (2018), which received critical acclaim. Matthew Libatique was born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York City, to Filipino American parents Justiniano Libatique (deceased) and Georgina Porter, who remarried an American. Libatique became interested in photography after his father, an amateur photographer who worked at a film laboratory in New","title":"Matthew Libatique"},{"id":"4843834","text":"He was honored by the African American Film Critics Association with their 2004 Special Achievement Award and was recognized by the Artist Empowerment Coalition with the Artist Empowerment Award that same year. He also received the Pioneer Director award from the Pan-African Film and Arts Festival in 2010. Gray also directed the 2015 drama \"Straight Outta Compton\", a biographical film about the rap group N.W.A. In 2017, Gray directed \"The Fate of the Furious\", the eighth film in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise, which was released on April 14, 2017. Upon release, both films set the record for best","title":"F. Gary Gray"},{"id":"213251","text":"Jonathan Demme Robert Jonathan Demme ( ; February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the psychological horror \"The Silence of the Lambs\" (1991), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director. He also directed \"Melvin and Howard\" (1980), \"Swing Shift\" (1984), \"Something Wild\" (1986), \"Married to the Mob\" (1988), the concert film \"Stop Making Sense\" (1984), \"Philadelphia\" (1993) and \"Rachel Getting Married\" (2008). Demme was born on February 22, 1944 in Baldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise (\"née\" Rogers) and Robert Eugene Demme,","title":"Jonathan Demme"},{"id":"19630270","text":"United States on December 25, 2015 by Warner Bros. Pictures. Ericson Core Ericson Core is an American film director and cinematographer, best known for directing the 2006 sports film \"Invincible\" and the 2015 film \"Point Break\". He has been director of photography on several films including \"Payback\", \"The Fast and the Furious\", and \"Daredevil\". Core attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, at age 16, and he then attended USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles to get a B.A. degree in film production and directing studies. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in","title":"Ericson Core"},{"id":"12517319","text":"Leslie Iwerks Leslie Iwerks () (born 1970) is an American producer, director, and writer. She is daughter of Disney Legend Don Iwerks and granddaughter of Ub Iwerks, the animator and co-creator of Mickey Mouse and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. She has directed films including \"Recycled Life\" which was nominated for an Academy Award and \"The Pixar Story\" which was nominated for an Emmy for best nonfiction special. She is a member of the Documentary Branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, and the International Documentary Association. She has worked with","title":"Leslie Iwerks"},{"id":"4843830","text":"F. Gary Gray Felix Gary Gray (born July 17, 1969) is an American film director, film producer, music video director and actor. Gray directed \"Friday\", \"Set It Off\", \"The Negotiator\", \"The Italian Job\" and \"Straight Outta Compton\". He also directed the eighth installment of the \"Fast and the Furious\" franchise, \"The Fate of the Furious\", which is the 11th highest-grossing film of all-time. He also directed such critically acclaimed and award-winning music videos as \"It Was a Good Day\" by Ice Cube, \"Natural Born Killaz\" by Dr. Dre and Ice Cube, \"Keep Their Heads Ringin'\" by Dr. Dre, \"Waterfalls\" by","title":"F. Gary Gray"},{"id":"3700884","text":"Lee Tamahori Lee Tamahori (; born 17 June 1950) is a New Zealand filmmaker best known for directing the 1994 film \"Once Were Warriors\", 2001 film \"Along Came a Spider\" and 2002 James Bond film \"Die Another Day\". Born Warren Lee Tamahori, in Wellington, New Zealand, he is of Māori ancestry on his father's side and British on his mother's. Tamahori grew up in Tawa, a northern suburb of Wellington, North Island, New Zealand. Educated at Tawa School and Tawa College, he began his career as a commercial artist and photographer. He moved into the film industry in the late","title":"Lee Tamahori"},{"id":"3728161","text":"Amy Heckerling Amy Heckerling (born May 7, 1954) is an American film director. An alumna of both New York University and the American Film Institute, she directed the commercially successful films \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\", \"National Lampoon's European Vacation\", \"Look Who's Talking\", and \"Clueless\". Heckerling is a recipient of AFI's Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal celebrating her creative talents and artistic achievements. Heckerling was born in The Bronx, New York City, to a bookkeeper mother and an accountant father. She had a Jewish upbringing and remembers that the apartment building where she spent her early childhood was full of","title":"Amy Heckerling"},{"id":"17625570","text":"released on March 5, 2021. Steve Martino Stephen Michael \"Steve\" Martino (born July 21, 1959) is an American director and designer, best known for directing the films \"Horton Hears a Who!\" (2008), \"\" (2012) and \"The Peanuts Movie\" (2015). Martino went to Ohio State University where he studied design. After graduation, he heard computer animation pioneer Chuck Csuri speak. \"I was absolutely blown away. No one was doing what he was showing us. I hadn't seen images like that anywhere before,\" Martino said. He returned to the university and earned in 1989 a master's degree, studying at the Computer Graphics","title":"Steve Martino"},{"id":"14987103","text":"Russo brothers Anthony Russo (born February 1970) and Joseph Russo (born July 1971), collectively known as the Russo brothers (), are American film and television directors. The brothers direct most of their work jointly, and also occasionally work as producers, screenwriters, actors, and editors. The brothers directed the superhero films \"\" (2014), \"\" (2016), \"\" (2018), as well as \"\" (2019), all four part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. They are also known for their work on the comedy series \"Arrested Development\", for which they won an Emmy Award, and \"Community\". Their film \"\" became the fourth film and the","title":"Russo brothers"},{"id":"17749980","text":"Víctor Pérez (director) Víctor Raúl Pérez Raya (; born 11 February 1981) is a Spanish film director, producer, screenwriter and visual effects artist who has worked on a number of Hollywood films, including \"The Dark Knight Rises\" (Dir. Christopher Nolan, 2012), \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\" (Dir. Gareth Edwards, 2016), \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\" (Dir. David Yates, 2010)\",\" \"\" (Dir. Rob Marshall, 2011) \"and 127 Hours\" (Dir. Danny Boyle, 2010)\",\" plus many more. In 2015 Perez delved into the world of film directing. Since then, he has released two short films and received more than 27 awards","title":"Víctor Pérez (director)"},{"id":"5515118","text":"Andy Ackerman Robert Andrew \"Andy\" Ackerman (September 19, 1956) is an American director and producer and script editor who is best known for his work on \"Seinfeld\", \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\" and the HBO series \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\". He is a 1978 graduate of Santa Clara University. Born in Los Angeles, Ackerman began his career as a videotape editor on \"WKRP in Cincinnati\" (1979–82) and \"Newhart\", winning an Emmy for the former. He also was an assistant editor on \"Welcome Back, Kotter\". Ackerman directed \"Seinfeld\" starting in its sixth season. He directed 89 episodes. He has directed every","title":"Andy Ackerman"},{"id":"2013231","text":"Chris Columbus (filmmaker) Chris Joseph Columbus (born September 10, 1958) is an American filmmaker. Columbus is known for directing films such as \"Home Alone\" (1990); its sequel, \"\" (1992); \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993); \"Nine Months\" (1995); \"Stepmom\" (1998); \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999); \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" (2001); its sequel, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\" (2002); \"\" (2010); and \"Pixels\" (2015). He is also known for writing films such as \"Gremlins\" (1984) and \"The Goonies\" (1985). \"Home Alone\" won a British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Film. Columbus received an Academy Award nomination for producing \"The Help\" (2011). Columbus","title":"Chris Columbus (filmmaker)"},{"id":"7477196","text":"design artists. He made his directorial debut with the Pixar short \"Lifted\", for which he received his fourteenth Academy Award nomination. It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2006. His debut feature film for the studio, \"Newt\", has been put on indefinite hold. He has also directed the Pixar short \"Hawaiian Vacation\" and the Lucasfilm animated feature \"Strange Magic\". Rydstrom has also served as English language director on \"Tales From Earthsea\", \"Arrietty\", \"From Up on Poppy Hill\", and \"The Wind Rises\", all four films were produced by Japanese animation company Studio Ghibli. Gary Rydstrom has been nominated","title":"Gary Rydstrom"},{"id":"6734291","text":"John Hough (director) John Hough (born 21 November 1941) is a British film and television director. He is primarily known for his suspense films of the 1970s and 1980s, including \"The Legend of Hell House\" (1973), \"The Watcher in the Woods\" (1980), and \"The Incubus\" (1982), and \"American Gothic\" (1988). After many credits as a second unit director on \"The Baron\", \"The Avengers\" and \"The Champions\", he took his first job as a director on the 1968 season of \"The Avengers\", directing episodes such as \"Super Secret Cypher Snatch\" and \"Homicide and Old Lace\". \"ITC was a very special place","title":"John Hough (director)"},{"id":"6278595","text":"Gary Trousdale Gary A. Trousdale (born June 8, 1960) is an American film director known for directing films such as \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\" and \"\". He frequently works with Kirk Wise and Don Hahn. Trousdale planned to become an architect, but decided instead to study animation at CalArts, where he studied for three years. He was hired in 1982 to design storyboards and do other animation. He then went to work designing restaurant menus and t-shirts. Trousdale was hired by Walt Disney Feature Animation in 1985 as an effects animator on \"The Black Cauldron\".","title":"Gary Trousdale"},{"id":"17023725","text":"assault and harassment in Hollywood.\" The film currently has no title or release date. Ziering has three daughters and resides in Brentwood. Amy Ziering Amy Ziering (born 1962) is an American film producer and director. In 2013, she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature for producing \"The Invisible War\". Amy Ziering was born in 1962. She is the daughter of Sigi Ziering, a Holocaust survivor and Marilyn Ziering. She grew up in Beverly Hills, California. She graduated from Amherst College before pursuing graduate work at Yale University, where she studied with Jacques Derrida. Her first film, \"Taylor's","title":"Amy Ziering"},{"id":"6372276","text":"Rawson Marshall Thurber Rawson Marshall Thurber (born February 9, 1975) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for directing the films \"\" (2004), \"We're the Millers\" (2013), \"Central Intelligence\" (2016), and \"Skyscraper\" (2018). Thurber was born in San Francisco, California on February 9, 1975. He is the son of multimillionaire attorney, real estate professional, and inspirational speaker Marshall Thurber. He was a 1997 graduate of Union College (Schenectady, New York), where he was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity and played wide receiver on the football team for two years. He is also a","title":"Rawson Marshall Thurber"},{"id":"12271111","text":"Network, \"Rush\". Jonathan Levine Jonathan A. Levine (born June 18, 1976) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is well known for directing \"50/50\" in 2011. Jonathan A. Levine was born and raised in New York City, He attended St. Bernard's School, in Manhattan, and Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts. He received his bachelor's degree from Brown University, where he majored in Art Semiotics. He earned his Masters of Fine Arts (MFA) in Film Directing from the American Film Institute, in Los Angeles, at its AFI Conservatory. In 2006, he was nominated for a Best Independent Mini-Feature Award at","title":"Jonathan Levine"},{"id":"7156208","text":"David Ayer David Ayer (born January 18, 1968) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for being the writer of \"Training Day\" (2001) and co-writer of \"The Fast and the Furious\" (2001), and the director of \"Harsh Times\" (2005), \"Street Kings\" (2008), \"End of Watch\" (2012), \"Sabotage\" (2014), \"Fury\" (2014), \"Suicide Squad\" (2016) and \"Bright\" (2017). Ayer was born in Champaign, Illinois, on January 18, 1968, and grew up in Bloomington, Minnesota, and Bethesda, Maryland, where he was kicked out of his house by his parents as a teenager. Ayer lived with his cousin in","title":"David Ayer"},{"id":"18234132","text":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a 2016 American superhero film based on the fictional superhero team the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. It is the sixth film in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" film series, the second in the reboot series and a sequel to the 2014 film \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". The film was directed by Dave Green, written by Josh Appelbaum and André Nemec and stars Megan Fox, Stephen Amell, Will Arnett, Laura Linney, Brian Tee, Brittany Ishibashi and Tyler Perry and featuring the voices of Pete","title":"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows"},{"id":"15547929","text":"Yoann Lemoine Yoann Lemoine (born 16 March 1983) is a French music video director, graphic designer and singer-songwriter. His most notable works include his music video direction for Katy Perry's \"Teenage Dream\", Taylor Swift's \"Back to December\", Lana Del Rey's \"Born to Die\" and Harry Styles' \"Sign of the Times\". Lemoine is also a neofolk musician, going by the stage name Woodkid. On March 28, 2011, Woodkid released his first EP \"Iron EP\", and on March 18, 2013, he released his first album titled \"The Golden Age\", which is an autobiographical record. Yoann Lemoine was born in Lyon to a","title":"Yoann Lemoine"},{"id":"7378738","text":"Correll made his film directorial debut with \"Ski Patrol\". Correll has directed episodes of \"The Suite Life on Deck\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Family Matters\", \"What I Like About You\", \"That's So Raven\", \"So Little Time\", \"The Amanda Show\", \"The Hogan Family\", \"Yes, Dear\", \"Two of a Kind\", \"Fuller House\" and many other series. He is also the co-creator of the Disney Channel original series, \"Hannah Montana\". In 2010, Correll sued Disney for unfair termination and alleged non-payment of creative royalties for \"Hannah Montana\". Rich Correll Richard Thomas \"Rich\" Correll (born May 14, 1948) is an American","title":"Rich Correll"},{"id":"15460481","text":"James Ponsoldt James Adam Ponsoldt (born 1978) is an American film director, actor and screenwriter, now based in Los Angeles. He directed the drama films \"Off the Black\" (2006) and \"Smashed\" (2012), the romantic comedy-drama \"The Spectacular Now\" (2013), and the dramas \"The End of the Tour\" (2015) and \"The Circle\" (2017). Ponsoldt was born in Athens, Georgia. He is the son of James F. and Susan E. Ponsoldt, and the grandson of graphic artist William Teason. His father is a retired law professor, formerly at the University of Georgia. He grew up in Athens and attended Cedar Shoals High","title":"James Ponsoldt"},{"id":"8856754","text":"Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \"Critters\" followed by the hit comedy \"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\" in 1989. He then directed \"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \"The Mighty Ducks\" in 1992, \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake of \"101","title":"Stephen Herek"},{"id":"16155089","text":"Alfonso Gomez-Rejon Alfonso Gomez-Rejon (sometimes Alfonso Gómez-Rejón) is an American film and television director. His television program credits include several episodes of \"Glee\" and several episodes of \"American Horror Story\". He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For a Miniseries for \"\". He is most known for his second feature film \"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\", for Indian Paintbrush. In high school, Rejon would \"borrow a friend's camera\" and \"make shorts in lieu of presenting a report in front of the class.\" He began his professional career as personal assistant to Martin Scorsese, Nora","title":"Alfonso Gomez-Rejon"},{"id":"18335092","text":"voices. The song received universal acclaim. \"Billboard\" gave the song four and half stars out of five. Chris Willman Writing for \"Yahoo\" called the song \"Pretty weird, and pretty wonderful\". Katie Hasty of \"HitFlix\" gave the song an A+ writing that the song \"is damned near perfect.\" Writing for \"Vulture\", Lindsay Zoladz stated that \"Swift revealed something even more promising: the cavernous, Antonoff-produced “Out of the Woods,” which seemed to herald an exciting, unexpected, and mature new direction in Swift’s sound.\" Sam Lansky of \"Time\" praised the track stating, \"It's the furious chant of that anthemic chorus, all breathless urgency,","title":"Out of the Woods (song)"},{"id":"4130820","text":"Peter Hyams Peter Hyams (born July 26, 1943) is an American film director, screenwriter and cinematographer, known for directing \"Capricorn One\", the 1981 science fiction-thriller \"Outland\", the 1984 science fiction film, \"\", a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's \"\", the 1986 action/comedy \"Running Scared\", the comic book adaptation \"Timecop\", the action film \"Sudden Death\" (both starring Jean-Claude Van Damme), and the horror films \"The Relic\" and \"End of Days\". Hyams was born in New York City, New York, the son of Ruth Hurok and Barry Hyams, who was a theatrical producer and publicist on Broadway. His maternal grandfather was Sol Hurok,","title":"Peter Hyams"},{"id":"15264988","text":"Alex Hardcastle Alex Hardcastle is a British television director and producer who has worked on television shows and movies in both the UK and the United States. He is best known for his directorial work on the American comedies \"New Girl\", The Mindy Project, \"The Office\" and \"Parks and Recreation\" as well as his series \"A Young Doctor's Notebook\" starring Jon Hamm and Daniel Radcliffe. Hardcastle directed multiple episodes of the musical comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend for the CW, Grace & Frankie for Netflix and the comedy drama You're the Worst for FX. He directed the Warner Brothers / Paramount Network","title":"Alex Hardcastle"},{"id":"6276324","text":"David Anspaugh David Anspaugh (born September 24, 1946) is an American television and film director. Anspaugh studied at Indiana University and the USC School of Cinematic Arts, after which he taught high school in Colorado. His work as an associate producer on television films led to his producing and directing \"Hill Street Blues\", for which he won two Emmy Awards. He followed this with \"St. Elsewhere\" and \"Miami Vice\" and \"Deadly Care\" before making his feature film debut with \"Hoosiers\". His additional screen credits include directing \"Fresh Horses\", \"Rudy\", \"Moonlight and Valentino\", and \"The Game of Their Lives\". In spring","title":"David Anspaugh"},{"id":"8668902","text":"for Best Director. McCarthy appeared in the 2009 dramas \"The Lovely Bones\" and \"2012\". In 2010, McCarthy was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the animated film \"Up\". He also co-wrote and directed 2011's \"Win Win\" based on his experiences as a wrestler at New Providence High School. McCarthy's most recent film, the independent drama film \"Spotlight\", received widespread acclaim following its release in 2015. The film received 6 Academy Awards nominations, 3 Golden Globe Awards nominations, 2 Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, and 8 Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations. McCarthy directed the first two episodes","title":"Tom McCarthy (director)"},{"id":"7263967","text":"a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Goddard co-wrote and made his directorial feature film debut with the horror-comedy film \"The Cabin in the Woods\" (2012). He also directed, wrote and produced the mystery thriller film \"Bad Times at the El Royale\" (2018). Goddard was born in Houston, Texas and was raised in Los Alamos, New Mexico, the son of Colleen Mary (Hogan), a teacher, and Dr. Laurence Woodbury Goddard. Goddard started his career as a staff writer for \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Angel\", receiving a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation for the former. In","title":"Drew Goddard"},{"id":"7263969","text":"Film\". Goddard's directorial debut, \"The Cabin in the Woods\", was co-written with Joss Whedon. \"The Cabin in the Woods\" was featured on Metacritic's best films of 2012 list, in addition to earning a 92% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The film would go on to win the year's Saturn Award for \"Best Horror or Thriller Film\", as well as garnering Goddard Saturn's \"Filmmaker Showcase Award\". In 2013, Goddard—in addition to J. Michael Straczynski, Matthew Michael Carnahan and \"Lost\" showrunner Damon Lindelof—wrote the screenplay for the film \"World War Z\" starring Brad Pitt and directed by Marc Forster. The film grossed","title":"Drew Goddard"},{"id":"6674180","text":"Justin Lin Justin Lin (, born October 11, 1971) is an American film director whose films have grossed US$2.3 billion worldwide as of March 2017. He is best known for his directorial work on \"Better Luck Tomorrow\", \"The Fast and the Furious\" movies (3-6), as well as on \"Star Trek Beyond\". He is also known for his work on television programs like \"Community\", and the second season of \"True Detective\". Justin Lin was born on October 11, 1971 in Taipei, Taiwan. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood in Cypress, California, in Orange County. He attended Cypress High School, and","title":"Justin Lin"},{"id":"10032556","text":"Paul Feig Paul Samuel Feig (; born September 17, 1962) is an American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing films starring frequent collaborator Melissa McCarthy, including \"Bridesmaids\" (2011), \"The Heat\" (2013), \"Spy\" (2015), and \"Ghostbusters\" (2016). He also directed \"A Simple Favor\" (2018). Feig created the comedy series \"Freaks and Geeks\" (1999–2000) and \"Other Space\" (2015). He has also directed several episodes of the U.S version of \"The Office\", \"Arrested Development\", \"Weeds\" and \"Nurse Jackie\", as well as episodes of \"Mad Men\", \"30 Rock\", and \"Parks and Recreation\". He received nominations for two Primetime","title":"Paul Feig"},{"id":"12663595","text":"McCashin, with whom he has two children: Marguerite Weisman, an editorial assistant at Harper Collins and Daniel Weisman, a music manager, who manages Capital Cities and Wale and formerly managed Mike Posner. Sam Weisman Sam Weisman (born 1947 in Binghamton, New York) is an American film director. He has directed the films \"\", \"Bye Bye Love\", \"George of the Jungle\", \"The Out-of-Towners\", \"What's the Worst That Could Happen?\", and \"\". Weisman is a 1973 graduate of Brandeis University's MFA program in Acting and Directing. He earned a BA in Music History from Yale University, where he was a member of","title":"Sam Weisman"},{"id":"13400626","text":"Jon M. Chu Jonathan Murray Chu (; born November 2, 1979) is an American filmmaker who directed the films \"\", \"Step Up 3D\", \"\", Hasbro franchises \"Jem and the Holograms\" and \"\" and \"Crazy Rich Asians\". Chu is an alumnus of the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television. There, he won the Princess Grace Award, the Dore Schary Award presented by the Anti-Defamation League, the Jack Nicholson directing award, and was recognized as an honoree for the IFP/West program Project: Involve. Chu was born in Palo Alto, California and grew up in nearby Los Altos. His mother, Ruth Chu","title":"Jon M. Chu"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"18335085\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Woods (song) \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff of fun.. It was the second song to be officially released from her fifth studio album \\\"1989\\\", serving as the first promotional single on October 14, 2014. It is the fourth track on the album, after \\\"Style\\\". \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" serves as the sixth official single with an accompanying music video that premiered on December 31, 2015, during \\\"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve\\\" on ABC. It was released to radio\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335101\",\n \"text\": \"song during her Reputation Stadium Tour show at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Canada on August 3, 2018. Ryan Adams recorded a soft rock cover of \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" for his album \\\"1989\\\". Yahoo! writer Oscar Gracey said that Adams' cover \\\"makes us want to hike through a forest, find a clearing, and mourn the relationships that didn't quite work out.\\\" Credits are adapted from liner notes of \\\"1989\\\". Out of the Woods (song) \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff of fun.. It\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18227424\",\n \"text\": \"music video premiered on \\\"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\\\" on ABC on December 31, 2015. It was released to radio on February 5, 2016. \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" peaked at number 18 on the Hot 100 after being released as a promotional single in 2014. \\\"New Romantics\\\" was released to contemporary hit radio on February 23, 2016 as the seventh and final single from the album. The music video was uploaded to Vevo and YouTube on April 13, 2016, and features various clips from The 1989 World Tour. \\\"New Romantics\\\" is the lowest peaking single from\",\n \"title\": \"1989 (Taylor Swift album)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17318870\",\n \"text\": \"Out of the Woods (film) Out of the Woods: Life and Death in Dirty Dave's Homeless Camp is a 2012 feature documentary film by Michael E. Arth. It follows the life and death struggles of homeless people living in a camp in the woods for four years. Arth single-handely directed, shot and edited \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" after meeting one of the subjects, Dean \\\"Dino the Dinosaur\\\" Bieber, in a former drug slum Arth had rebuilt and turned into \\\"The Garden District\\\" in DeLand some years before. The backstory of \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" is told in Arth's previous documentary,\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10262031\",\n \"text\": \"Fiction\\\", by Taylor Swift. In 2017, Zackham wrote and produced \\\"Second Act\\\" for STX Entertainment. In October 2017, Leah Remini, Annaleigh Ashford, Vanessa Hudgens, Dan Bucatinsky and Freddie Stroma joined the cast of the film.Starring Jennifer Lopez, Vanessa Hudgens, Milo Ventimiglia, Leah Remini, Treat Williams, Annaleigh Ashford, and Charlyne Yi. The film was directed by Peter Segal and will be released over Thanksgiving, 2018. Zackham is the creator and executive producer of the FX drama series \\\"Lights Out\\\", about a former heavyweight champion facing bankruptcy and Alzheimer's disease. He wrote \\\"Riverside\\\", a 2007 television pilot, a coming of age semi-autobiographical\",\n \"title\": \"Justin Zackham\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9611795\",\n \"text\": \"thriller and action films; including \\\"Along Came a Spider\\\", \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\", \\\"Rush Hour 2\\\", and \\\"The Butterfly Effect.\\\" He shot the 2004 remake of \\\"Dawn of the Dead\\\", which served as the feature film debut of director Zack Snyder. Since 2006, he has mostly worked on comedy films, many of which are directed by the Farrelly Brothers. In 2015, he was the recipient of a Special Honor Prize, the President's Award, from the American Society of Cinematographers. Leonetti has a younger brother, John, who is himself a prolific cinematographer and occasional film director. He is a graduate of\",\n \"title\": \"Matthew F. Leonetti\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335099\",\n \"text\": \"described the video as \\\"fantastically cinematic\\\". \\\"The Huffington Post\\\" Dominique Mosbergen called the music video \\\"haunting\\\".As of March 2018 the video has over 131 million views on YouTube. Swift first performed the song as part of her \\\"1989 Secret Sessions\\\" for \\\"IHeart Radio\\\" in New York City, the day \\\"1989\\\" was released in October 2014. She then performed it in New York City for \\\"Good Morning America\\\", on October 30, 2014, when she also performed \\\"Welcome to New York\\\" and \\\"Shake It Off.\\\" On December 3, 2015, Swift performed the song on a piano at Australia's Hamilton Island, where radio\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335086\",\n \"text\": \"on February 5, 2016. The song went number one in Israel and has reached the top 10 in Belgium, Canada, and New Zealand as well as the top 20 in Australia and the United States. Swift premiered a 15-second clip of \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" on \\\"Good Morning America\\\" on October 13, 2014. Swift called \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" one of her \\\"favorite songs on this album because it best represents 1989.\\\" She explained that the song is about \\\"the fragility and breakable nature of some relationships. This was a relationship where I was kind of living day-to-day wondering where\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4445739\",\n \"text\": \"list that included Angelina Jolie, Steven Soderbergh, Ryan Murphy, Joe Wright, and Gus Van Sant. Taylor-Johnson was in pole position to direct \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" (the sequel to \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\"), but decided to walk away from the much-discussed franchise after she was involved in a number of disagreements with author E.L. James. In June 2017, Taylor-Johnson said that she regretted directing the first film. Taylor-Johnson has had cancer twice. In December 1997, at age 30, she was treated for colon cancer. In 2000, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. She practices yoga and Transcendental Meditation, of which she\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Taylor-Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19463440\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Last Time\\\", and one in a collaboration with Tim McGraw; \\\"Highway Don't Care\\\". Swift's fifth album \\\"1989\\\" produced the music videos for \\\"Shake It Off\\\" and \\\"Blank Space\\\", in 2014, with the latter becoming the fastest video to reach one billion views on Vevo, \\\"Style\\\", \\\"Bad Blood\\\" and \\\"Wildest Dreams\\\", in 2015, \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" and \\\"New Romantics\\\", in 2016. The videos for \\\"Blank Space\\\" and \\\"Bad Blood\\\", featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar, won four accolades at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, with the latter winning for Video of the Year and Best Collaboration. It also received\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Swift videography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2780689\",\n \"text\": \"it was reported that novelist Richard Russo, during a speech at Union College, confirmed that he was working on the screenplay. By November 2013, Nick Nolte had been cast to costar as Katz. Larry Charles (of \\\"Borat\\\" and \\\"Brüno\\\") was briefly attached as director, but eventually the job went to Ken Kwapis, whose most recent film was \\\"Big Miracle\\\" and who was a key figure on the U.S. television series \\\"The Office\\\". The screenplay was by Michael Arndt, credited as Rick Kerb, and Bill Holderman, who is a producer at Redford's Wildwood Enterprises. Shooting began in spring 2014. The movie\",\n \"title\": \"A Walk in the Woods (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17476407\",\n \"text\": \"Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \\\"Little Red Riding Hood\\\", \\\"Cinderella\\\", \\\"Jack and the Beanstalk\\\", and \\\"Rapunzel\\\", the film is a fantasy genre\",\n \"title\": \"Into the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811494\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films \\\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\\\" (1993), \\\"James and the Giant Peach\\\" (1996), and \\\"Coraline\\\" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance of Jules Engel. Selick was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, the son of Melanie (née Molan) and Charles H. Selick. He was raised in Rumson. Selick did little but draw from ages 3 to 12. Selick's fascination with animation\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Selick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2780688\",\n \"text\": \"doubt as to whether the health-conscious Newman would consider putting on enough weight to accurately portray the rotund Katz (Newman retired from acting in May 2007 and died in 2008). In February 2007, Chris Columbus, director of \\\"Home Alone\\\" and the first two \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films, was reported to have agreed to direct the adaptation. However, in January 2008, \\\"the Hollywood Reporter\\\", while noting that the script was delayed due to the Hollywood writers' strike, reported that Barry Levinson, the Academy Award–winning director of \\\"Rain Man\\\", was in talks to direct. Redford has said of the project In February 2012,\",\n \"title\": \"A Walk in the Woods (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10180748\",\n \"text\": \"Tim Johnson (film director) Tim Johnson (born August 27, 1961) is an American film director. Johnson has directed in many films such as \\\"Antz\\\", \\\"\\\" and \\\"Over the Hedge\\\". Recently, he directed the DreamWorks 3D film \\\"Home.\\\" Johnson was born in Chicago. He studied at Northwestern University where he earned a BA in English Literature. He also produced two animated films; both of which earned Richter Grant Organization Awards. Upon graduating, he worked for two years as a freelance animator and director. His introduction to computer animation came in 1985 while he worked on the staff at Post Effects in\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Johnson (film director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17476450\",\n \"text\": \"delight\\\". Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \\\"Little Red Riding Hood\\\", \\\"Cinderella\\\", \\\"Jack and the Beanstalk\\\", and \\\"Rapunzel\\\", the film is a fantasy\",\n \"title\": \"Into the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18045505\",\n \"text\": \"of Nick Nolte that he was eventually cast in the role. Redford said of the project: Larry Charles (of \\\"Borat\\\" and \\\"Brüno\\\") was briefly attached as director, but eventually the job went to Ken Kwapis, whose most recent film was \\\"Big Miracle\\\" and who was a key figure on the U.S. television series \\\"The Office\\\". Principal photography of the film began on May 5, 2014, in Los Angeles. Exterior locations were largely filmed at Amicalola Falls State Park, in Dawsonville, Georgia, including scenes at The Lodge at Amicalola Falls. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23,\",\n \"title\": \"A Walk in the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16072318\",\n \"text\": \"Tate Taylor Tate Taylor (born June 3, 1969) is an American actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. He is best known for directing \\\"The Help\\\" (2011), \\\"Get on Up\\\" (2014) and \\\"The Girl on the Train\\\" (2016). Taylor was born on June 3, 1969 in Jackson, Mississippi, where he grew up. He attended preschool in Jackson with writer Kathryn Stockett. Taylor worked for 15 years in New York City and Los Angeles. Though he debuted as a feature film director in \\\"Pretty Ugly People\\\" (2008), he was primarily an actor for most of his career, in films such as \\\"Winter's\",\n \"title\": \"Tate Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8454513\",\n \"text\": \"Don Taylor (American actor and director) Donald Richie Taylor (December 13, 1920 – December 29, 1998) was an American actor and film director. He co-starred in 1940s and 1950s classics, including the 1948 film noir \\\"The Naked City\\\", \\\"Battleground\\\", \\\"Father of the Bride\\\", \\\"Father's Little Dividend\\\" and \\\"Stalag 17\\\". He later turned to directing films such as \\\"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\\\" (1971), \\\"Tom Sawyer\\\" (1973), and \\\"\\\" (1978). The son of Mr. and Mrs. D.E. Taylor, he was born Donald Ritchie Taylor in Freeport, Pennsylvania, on December 13, 1920. (Another source says that he was born \\\"in\",\n \"title\": \"Don Taylor (American actor and director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335096\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\\\" on ABC on December 31, 2015. It marked Swift's and Kahn's fourth collaboration in \\\"1989\\\" following \\\"Blank Space\\\", \\\"Bad Blood\\\" and \\\"Wildest Dreams\\\". The video was filmed on location in New Zealand in the mountains of Queenstown and on Bethells Beach. During the filming, a severe storm struck, causing trees to fall around them. After evacuating, filming resumed a week later. The video starts with the caption \\\"She lost him.\\\" Next, Swift is first seen on the beach barefoot and only wearing a blue dress. She runs through what appears to\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19227024\",\n \"text\": \"version of \\\"Amazing Grace\\\" was featured during the intro to the season 10 finale of the popular The Discovery Channel show, \\\"Deadliest Catch\\\". On October 19, 2014, Taylor Swift praised Holfelder's cover of her song, \\\"Out of the Woods,\\\" in a tweet. On May 2, 2015, Richard Marx tweeted his approval of Holfelder's cover of his hit song, \\\"Right Here Waiting\\\". During the 2015 NFL season, several of Holfelder's minor key covers were featured on ESPN's \\\"Sunday NFL Countdown\\\". In December 2015, popular YouTuber Kurt Hugo Schneider directed a music video for Holfelder's minor-key version of Mariah Carey's \\\"All I\",\n \"title\": \"Chase Holfelder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16214824\",\n \"text\": \"period for another project to go ahead; he said \\\"My friends and I were in the middle of another project, waiting for the rights for that, and it was taking too long.\\\" Filming started two months after the initial idea, took twelve days to shoot, and was completed for a budget of $100,000. The film is D'Onofrio's feature length directorial debut. During an interview with Patrick McDonald of hollywoodchicago.com, he was asked how directors he had worked with influenced him; D'Onofrio said that great directors stuck with their original idea and were not sidetracked. McDonald asked him \\\"How did you\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Go in the Woods (2010 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18784963\",\n \"text\": \"Anthony O'Brien Anthony O'Brien, is a director as well as a writer, producer, and editor. He grew up in Seattle, Washington and currently resides in Los Angeles, California. He is best known as the director of the feature film \\\"The Timber\\\", starring \\\"Josh Peck\\\" and \\\"James Ransone\\\". His directorial debut \\\"Perfect Sport\\\" won multiple awards. O'Brien co-starred in his directorial debut Perfect Sport, which was an official selection at \\\"Seattle International Film Festival\\\" and went on to win the SIFF People's Choice award. It also won the National Film Festival for Talented Youth Audience Award, and the Gold Remi award\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony O'Brien\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14196915\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Cooper (director) Scott Cooper (born April 20, 1970) is an American director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He is known for writing and directing \\\"Crazy Heart\\\" (2009), \\\"Out of the Furnace\\\" (2013), \\\"Black Mass\\\" (2015) and \\\"Hostiles\\\" (2017). Cooper was born in Abingdon, Virginia. He is a 1988 graduate of Abingdon High School. Cooper trained as an actor at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in New York City. He received both his undergraduate degree in 1992 and his Doctor of Humane Letters in 2014 from Hampden–Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. Cooper is married and lives in Los Angeles\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Cooper (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17318874\",\n \"text\": \"of the car. He then goes on to say that the only thing he was good at skipping was school and that he would smile but meth had spoiled his teeth. Out of the Woods (film) Out of the Woods: Life and Death in Dirty Dave's Homeless Camp is a 2012 feature documentary film by Michael E. Arth. It follows the life and death struggles of homeless people living in a camp in the woods for four years. Arth single-handely directed, shot and edited \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" after meeting one of the subjects, Dean \\\"Dino the Dinosaur\\\" Bieber, in\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18293998\",\n \"text\": \"Wes Ball Wes Ball (born October 28, 1980) is an American film director, visual effects artist and graphic artist. He attended Crescent City Jr./Sr. High School and graduated in 1999. He graduated from the Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts with a BFA in 2002. He is best known for directing the 2014 film \\\"The Maze Runner\\\", based on James Dashner's novel. Ball also directed the sequel, \\\"\\\", which opened in theaters on September 18, 2015, and the third film, \\\"\\\". Ball is attached to direct a film adaptation of \\\"Fall of Gods\\\", a crowdfunded illustrated novel from\",\n \"title\": \"Wes Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4726426\",\n \"text\": \"series finale of \\\"The Office\\\". He also produced the half-hour Showtime pilot \\\"Happyish\\\", written by Shalom Auslander and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman. The project stalled after Hoffman's death, but was eventually recast with Steve Coogan. It made its debut on Showtime in April 2015 and, in addition to producing, Kwapis directed four of its episodes. In 2014, Kwapis directed the feature film \\\"A Walk in the Woods\\\", based on the bestselling travel memoir by Bill Bryson. The film stars Robert Redford and Nick Nolte as two old friends who decide to walk the 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail. The film, which was\",\n \"title\": \"Ken Kwapis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10993264\",\n \"text\": \"Kyle Newman Kyle Newman (born March 16, 1976) is an American filmmaker and author. His directorial work encompasses a number of feature films, including the action-comedy \\\"Barely Lethal\\\", starring Hailee Steinfeld and Samuel L. Jackson, Jessica Alba and Sophie Turner, for producer Brett Ratner, released by A24 Films; \\\"Fanboys\\\", a Star Wars-themed comedy starring Kristen Bell, produced by Kevin Spacey and distributed by The Weinstein Company; as well as The Hollow, a modern retelling of Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. He has directed music videos for Taylor Swift (“Style”) and Lana Del Rey (“Summertime Sadness”), and created the\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Newman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8408946\",\n \"text\": \"James Foley (director) James Foley (born December 28, 1953) is an American film director. His 1986 film \\\"At Close Range\\\" was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival. Other films he has directed include \\\"Glengarry Glen Ross\\\", based on the play of the same name by David Mamet, and \\\"The Chamber\\\", based on the novel of the same name by author John Grisham. He also directed the two sequels to \\\"Fifty Shades of Grey\\\", \\\"Fifty Shades Darker\\\" (2017) and \\\"Fifty Shades Freed\\\" (2018). Foley was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York, the son of a lawyer. He graduated\",\n \"title\": \"James Foley (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10195516\",\n \"text\": \"Rick Carter Rick Carter (born 1950) is an American production designer and art director. He is known for his work in the film \\\"Forrest Gump\\\", which earned him an Oscar nomination, as well as numerous nominations of other awards for his work in \\\"Amistad\\\" and \\\"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\\\". Other films include \\\"Cast Away\\\", \\\"War of the Worlds\\\", \\\"What Lies Beneath\\\", \\\"Jurassic Park\\\", \\\"Avatar\\\", and \\\"Back to the Future Part II\\\" and \\\"Part III\\\". Many of the films that he has worked on are directed by Steven Spielberg or Robert Zemeckis. For his part in the Art Direction of \\\"Avatar\\\", he\",\n \"title\": \"Rick Carter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13175870\",\n \"text\": \"Liliana Greenfield-Sanders Liliana Greenfield-Sanders (born October 10, 1981) is an American filmmaker. Greenfield-Sanders is a writer and director, born and raised in the East Village of New York City. She received honors in Art-Semiotics from Brown University and attended New York University Graduate Film School for her Masters in Film. Greenfield-Sanders participated in the 2011 Sundance Screenwriters and Directors Labs, won the 2012 Sloan Foundation Feature Film Award, won the 2012 Tribeca All Access Grant and Grand Jury mention for the Creative Promise Award and was chosen for the 2013/2014 Warner Bros. Television Workshop. She is founder and Head Programmer/Director\",\n \"title\": \"Liliana Greenfield-Sanders\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6139808\",\n \"text\": \"Scott Derrickson Scott Derrickson (born July 16, 1966) is an American director, screenwriter and producer. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Derrickson is best known for directing numerous horror films, such as \\\"The Exorcism of Emily Rose\\\" (2005), \\\"Sinister\\\" (2012), and \\\"Deliver Us From Evil\\\" (2014), as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film \\\"Doctor Strange\\\" (2016). Derrickson grew up in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Biola University with a B.A. in Humanities, with an emphasis on literature and philosophy, and a B.A. in communications, with an emphasis on film, and a minor in theological studies. He earned his\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Derrickson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7963584\",\n \"text\": \"singles \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" and \\\"New Romantics\\\". \\\"Shake It Off\\\", \\\"Blank Space\\\", and \\\"Bad Blood\\\" also topped the charts in Australia and Canada. After \\\"Blank Space\\\" reached number-one in the US following \\\"Shake It Off\\\", Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100's history to succeed herself at the top spot. The music video for the former briefly became the fastest video to reach one billion views on Vevo. The videos for \\\"Blank Space\\\" and \\\"Bad Blood\\\" won four accolades at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, with the latter winning for Video of the Year and Best\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Swift\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2811506\",\n \"text\": \"how do we buttress it? If we have a mechanical shark, how does it kill? Will it shoot things from its snout?\\\" Ranft said Selick has an uncanny gift: \\\"He can articulate things through animation that people couldn't say otherwise.\\\" Henry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films \\\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\\\" (1993), \\\"James and the Giant Peach\\\" (1996), and \\\"Coraline\\\" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Selick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6268294\",\n \"text\": \"trade, civil rights, war, and terrorism. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for \\\"Schindler's List\\\" and \\\"Saving Private Ryan\\\", as well as receiving five other nominations. Three of Spielberg's films—\\\"Jaws\\\", \\\"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\\\", and \\\"Jurassic Park\\\"—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $10 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history and the first to ever pass this milestone (on approximately April 16th 2018). Spielberg has worked as a producer, executive producer, director, or in an otherwise creative capacity on several films where he\",\n \"title\": \"Steven Spielberg filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7083902\",\n \"text\": \"Finn Taylor Finn Taylor (born July 4, 1958) is an American film writer and director. Taylor was born in Oakland, California, and lived in Norway for a few years in his childhood. He attended the University of Montana and later San Francisco State University. He studied poetry and playwriting at San Francisco State before moving into screenwriting in 1993. Taylor frequently works and produces films in the San Francisco bay area rather than for major studios in Hollywood and Los Angeles. Taylor told the \\\"San Francisco Chronicle\\\", \\\"I feel really strongly that I stay based up here. My roots in\",\n \"title\": \"Finn Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6149296\",\n \"text\": \"and commercial reception to films Zack Snyder has directed as of November 26, 2017: Snyder's body of work has earned him a number of awards, including two Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award for his Jeep \\\"Frisbee\\\" commercial. He also won the Society of British Advertisers Award for Humor for his controversial EB Beer commercial \\\"General's Party.\\\" Zack Snyder Zachary Edward Snyder (born March 1, 1966) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. He made his feature film debut in 2004 with a remake of the 1978 horror film \\\"Dawn of the Dead\\\". Since then, he has done\",\n \"title\": \"Zack Snyder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16072321\",\n \"text\": \"being produced by Jason Blum through his Blumhouse Productions banner and is planned on being released in 2019. Taylor resides on the Wyolah Plantation, an Antebellum plantation in Church Hill, Mississippi. Director Actor Tate Taylor Tate Taylor (born June 3, 1969) is an American actor, screenwriter, film producer and director. He is best known for directing \\\"The Help\\\" (2011), \\\"Get on Up\\\" (2014) and \\\"The Girl on the Train\\\" (2016). Taylor was born on June 3, 1969 in Jackson, Mississippi, where he grew up. He attended preschool in Jackson with writer Kathryn Stockett. Taylor worked for 15 years in New\",\n \"title\": \"Tate Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19630268\",\n \"text\": \"Ericson Core Ericson Core is an American film director and cinematographer, best known for directing the 2006 sports film \\\"Invincible\\\" and the 2015 film \\\"Point Break\\\". He has been director of photography on several films including \\\"Payback\\\", \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", and \\\"Daredevil\\\". Core attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, at age 16, and he then attended USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles to get a B.A. degree in film production and directing studies. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in directing and cinematography, also from the Art Center College of\",\n \"title\": \"Ericson Core\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6139813\",\n \"text\": \"and has two children. Critical, public and commercial reception to films Derrickson has directed as of November 13, 2016. Scott Derrickson Scott Derrickson (born July 16, 1966) is an American director, screenwriter and producer. He lives in Los Angeles, California. Derrickson is best known for directing numerous horror films, such as \\\"The Exorcism of Emily Rose\\\" (2005), \\\"Sinister\\\" (2012), and \\\"Deliver Us From Evil\\\" (2014), as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film \\\"Doctor Strange\\\" (2016). Derrickson grew up in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Biola University with a B.A. in Humanities, with an emphasis on literature and philosophy,\",\n \"title\": \"Scott Derrickson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4854328\",\n \"text\": \"they have 2 sons. In 2014, the couple announced that they were divorcing. James Mangold James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing the films \\\"Cop Land\\\" (1997), \\\"Girl, Interrupted\\\" (1999), \\\"Kate & Leopold\\\" (2001), \\\"Walk the Line\\\" (2005), \\\"\\\" (2007), and \\\"Knight and Day\\\" (2010). Mangold also directed the superhero films based on the Marvel Comics character Wolverine, \\\"The Wolverine\\\" (2013) and \\\"Logan\\\" (2017), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also produced and directed\",\n \"title\": \"James Mangold\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335098\",\n \"text\": \"with the caption \\\"She lost him, but she found herself, and somehow that was everything.\\\", which was part of the secret messages in her song, \\\"Clean\\\" in the lyric-booklet of her \\\"1989\\\" record. Sharan Shetty of \\\"Slate\\\" wrote the subject of the song, anxiety, \\\"is literalized to an extreme degree in the song’s video\\\". Peter Sblendorio of the \\\"New York Daily News\\\" deemed it \\\"perhaps her most stunning music video yet\\\" and hailed the visuals as \\\"eye-popping\\\". \\\"People\\\" also called it \\\"an eye-popper of a video\\\", while \\\"Billboard\\\" agreed on the stunningness of the clip. Writing for \\\"Spin\\\", Harley Brown\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17625568\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Martino Stephen Michael \\\"Steve\\\" Martino (born July 21, 1959) is an American director and designer, best known for directing the films \\\"Horton Hears a Who!\\\" (2008), \\\"\\\" (2012) and \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" (2015). Martino went to Ohio State University where he studied design. After graduation, he heard computer animation pioneer Chuck Csuri speak. \\\"I was absolutely blown away. No one was doing what he was showing us. I hadn't seen images like that anywhere before,\\\" Martino said. He returned to the university and earned in 1989 a master's degree, studying at the Computer Graphics Research Group (later renamed to\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Martino\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18293999\",\n \"text\": \"Denmark-based Mood Studios. Wes Ball Wes Ball (born October 28, 1980) is an American film director, visual effects artist and graphic artist. He attended Crescent City Jr./Sr. High School and graduated in 1999. He graduated from the Florida State University College of Motion Picture Arts with a BFA in 2002. He is best known for directing the 2014 film \\\"The Maze Runner\\\", based on James Dashner's novel. Ball also directed the sequel, \\\"\\\", which opened in theaters on September 18, 2015, and the third film, \\\"\\\". Ball is attached to direct a film adaptation of \\\"Fall of Gods\\\", a crowdfunded\",\n \"title\": \"Wes Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4854320\",\n \"text\": \"James Mangold James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing the films \\\"Cop Land\\\" (1997), \\\"Girl, Interrupted\\\" (1999), \\\"Kate & Leopold\\\" (2001), \\\"Walk the Line\\\" (2005), \\\"\\\" (2007), and \\\"Knight and Day\\\" (2010). Mangold also directed the superhero films based on the Marvel Comics character Wolverine, \\\"The Wolverine\\\" (2013) and \\\"Logan\\\" (2017), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also produced and directed pilots for the television series \\\"Men in Trees\\\" (2006–2008), \\\"NYC 22\\\" (2011–2012), and\",\n \"title\": \"James Mangold\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7676834\",\n \"text\": \"Shania Twain single \\\"Forever and for Always\\\"(2003), \\\"Out of the Woods\\\" for Taylor Swift, TV series \\\"The New Adventures of Black Beauty\\\", Brit/New Zealand TV movie \\\"The Man Who Lost His Head\\\", and episodes of \\\"\\\", \\\"Young Hercules\\\", and \\\"\\\". Battle scenes for New Disney Channel Original movie \\\"Avalon High\\\" were also filmed there. In addition, K-pop singer Taeyeon's first solo music video I, and the end scenes of were also filmed here. Te Henga (Bethells Beach) Te Henga (Bethells Beach) is a coastal community in the Auckland Region in the north of the North Island, New Zealand. The Māori\",\n \"title\": \"Te Henga (Bethells Beach)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8894808\",\n \"text\": \"Craig Zisk Craig Zisk is an American director and producer. Zisk was born to a Jewish family. After graduating from the University of Southern California, Zisk directed his first television series, \\\"Brooklyn Bridge\\\", at the age of 26. His first feature film was \\\"The English Teacher\\\", starring Julianne Moore, Greg Kinnear, Nathan Lane, Michael Angarano and Lily Collins. Zisk has executive produced several series including \\\"Weeds\\\", \\\"United States of Tara\\\" and \\\"The Larry Sanders Show\\\". Zisk has also directed over 50 series including \\\"The Big C\\\", \\\"Nurse Jackie\\\", \\\"Entourage\\\", \\\"The Office\\\", \\\"Alias\\\", \\\"Smash\\\", \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\", \\\"Shameless\\\" and \\\"Nip/Tuck\\\". Zisk\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Zisk\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18784964\",\n \"text\": \"for Best Dramatic Feature Film at \\\"Worldfest Houston\\\". His second feature film \\\"The Timber\\\" was picked up for distribution nationally and internationally and was released in the United States in 2015. Anthony O'Brien Anthony O'Brien, is a director as well as a writer, producer, and editor. He grew up in Seattle, Washington and currently resides in Los Angeles, California. He is best known as the director of the feature film \\\"The Timber\\\", starring \\\"Josh Peck\\\" and \\\"James Ransone\\\". His directorial debut \\\"Perfect Sport\\\" won multiple awards. O'Brien co-starred in his directorial debut Perfect Sport, which was an official selection at\",\n \"title\": \"Anthony O'Brien\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5220096\",\n \"text\": \"Kyle Chandler Kyle Martin Chandler is an American actor. He has held roles such as Gary Hobson on \\\"Early Edition\\\" and as Coach Eric Taylor in the drama series \\\"Friday Night Lights\\\", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2011. He has starred in the films \\\"King Kong\\\" (2005), \\\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\\\" (2008), \\\"Super 8\\\" (2011), \\\"Argo\\\" (2012), \\\"Zero Dark Thirty\\\" (2012), \\\"The Wolf of Wall Street\\\" (2013), \\\"Carol\\\" (2015), \\\"Manchester by the Sea\\\" (2016), and \\\"Game Night\\\" (2018). From 2015 to 2017, he starred in Netflix's drama series \\\"Bloodline\\\", for which he received his\",\n \"title\": \"Kyle Chandler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"858201\",\n \"text\": \"John G. Avildsen John Guilbert Avildsen (December 21, 1935 – June 16, 2017) was an American film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1977 for \\\"Rocky\\\". Other films he directed include \\\"Joe\\\" (1970), \\\"Save the Tiger\\\" (1973), \\\"Fore Play\\\" (1975), \\\"The Formula\\\" (1980), \\\"Neighbors\\\" (1981), \\\"For Keeps\\\" (1988), \\\"Lean on Me\\\" (1989), \\\"Rocky V\\\" (1990), \\\"The Power of One\\\" (1992), \\\"8 Seconds\\\" (1994), \\\"Inferno\\\" (1999) and the first three \\\"The Karate Kid\\\" films. Avildsen was born in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Ivy (née Guilbert) and Clarence John Avildsen. He was educated at The Hotchkiss\",\n \"title\": \"John G. Avildsen\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11126543\",\n \"text\": \"Seith Mann Seith Mann (born 1973) is an American film and television director. He directed the award-winning \\\"Five Deep Breaths\\\" and has gone on to direct for \\\"The Wire\\\", \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" and \\\"Fringe\\\". Mann was inspired to become a director when he saw the Spike Lee film \\\"Do the Right Thing\\\". Mann graduated from Morehouse College and later earned an MFA in film at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Mann's thesis at New York University was the short film \\\"Five Deep Breaths\\\". It was awarded the Spike Lee fellowship while in development in 2002. The\",\n \"title\": \"Seith Mann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"427578\",\n \"text\": \"Board of Review Awards Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Producers Guild of America Awards 64th Venice International Film Festival Lacanian Psychoanalysis Prize The Order of the Arts and Letters Moscow International Film Festival Critical, public and commercial reception to films Burton has directed as of February 2017. Tim Burton Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as \\\"Beetlejuice\\\" (1988), \\\"Edward Scissorhands\\\" (1990), \\\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\\\" (1993), \\\"Ed Wood\\\" (1994), \\\"Sleepy Hollow\\\" (1999), \\\"Corpse Bride\\\" (2005),\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Burton\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6114335\",\n \"text\": \"Computer Wore Tennis Shoes\\\" and \\\"The Barefoot Executive\\\". Butler has won two Emmy Awards for outstanding directing, the first in 1973 for \\\"The Blue Knight\\\" pilot, and the second in 1981 for his \\\"Hill Street Blues\\\" premiere. In 2014 Butler's work was the subject of a career retrospective at the UCLA Film and Television Archive. Butler was honored by the Directors Guild of America (DGA) with a Lifetime Achievement Award in February 2015. Robert Butler (director) Robert Butler (born November 16, 1927) is an American film and Emmy Award-winning television director. He is best known for his work in television,\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Butler (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3205054\",\n \"text\": \"Michael J. Fox for Disney. In 1993 he directed \\\"Passion,\\\" starring the original Broadway cast, for television. He directed the film version of Anne Tyler's novel \\\"Earthly Possessions\\\", starring Susan Sarandon and Stephen Dorff, for HBO in 1999. He wrote the screenplay for Disney's film version of \\\"Into the Woods\\\" (2014), directed by Rob Marshall. He wrote and directed the film \\\"Custody\\\" in 2016 with Viola Davis, Hayden Panettiere and Catalina Sandino Moreno. Lapine received the 2015 Mr. Abbott Award at a special gala on October 19, 2015. The award is presented by the Stage Directors and Choreographers Foundation \\\"in\",\n \"title\": \"James Lapine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13348125\",\n \"text\": \"Craig Zobel Roger Craig Zobel (born October 6, 1976) is an American film director of the films \\\"Compliance\\\" and \\\"Great World of Sound\\\" and who also co-founded \\\"Homestar Runner\\\" and \\\"Ron Planet\\\". Zobel was born on September 16, 1976 in New York and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, later studying film at the North Carolina School of the Arts alongside David Gordon Green and other future collaborators. After graduation, Zobel worked on Green's first three films — \\\"George Washington\\\" (2000), \\\"All the Real Girls\\\", (2003) and \\\"Undertow\\\" (2003), as either co-producer, production manager or second unit director. He currently lives\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Zobel\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12271102\",\n \"text\": \"Jonathan Levine Jonathan A. Levine (born June 18, 1976) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is well known for directing \\\"50/50\\\" in 2011. Jonathan A. Levine was born and raised in New York City, He attended St. Bernard's School, in Manhattan, and Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts. He received his bachelor's degree from Brown University, where he majored in Art Semiotics. He earned his Masters of Fine Arts (MFA) in Film Directing from the American Film Institute, in Los Angeles, at its AFI Conservatory. In 2006, he was nominated for a Best Independent Mini-Feature Award at the Black\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Levine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7813479\",\n \"text\": \"Lucky McKee Edward Lucky McKee (born November 1, 1975) is an American director, writer, and actor, largely known for the 2002 cult film \\\"May\\\". McKee was born in Jenny Lind, California. He has directed \\\"Sick Girl\\\", the 10th episode of the first season of the popular Showtime TV series \\\"Masters of Horror\\\". He directed the film \\\"The Woods\\\", which was released on DVD October 3, 2006. Lucky McKee also co-directed the hard-to-find horror film \\\"All Cheerleaders Die\\\", which is not currently in print. McKee optioned Jack Ketchum's novel \\\"The Lost\\\" and produced the film adaptation directed by Chris Sivertson. McKee\",\n \"title\": \"Lucky McKee\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7640858\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Pratt (cinematographer) Roger Pratt BSC (born 27 February 1947) is a British cinematographer. Pratt has been the director of photography for more than 35 films. Among his body of films, he has worked on \\\"Batman\\\" (1989), \\\"Frankenstein\\\" (1994), \\\"102 Dalmatians\\\" (2000), \\\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\\\" (2002), \\\"Troy\\\" (2004), and more recently \\\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\\\" (2005), \\\"Inkheart\\\" (2008) and \\\"The Karate Kid\\\" (2010). Pratt is also a frequent collaborator of directors Terry Gilliam, Roger Christian and Richard Attenborough. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work in \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Pratt (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20952994\",\n \"text\": \"history which primarily consists of editing comedy and music, including multiple official music videos for artist Taylor Swift. In December 2018, NBC announced Everitt was announced as one of the members of the NBC Alternative Directors Program in its inaugural year. She will work on World of Dance and The Wall. Everitt has directed spots for brands including Disney Parks and the LA County Fair. Sharon Everitt Sharon Everitt is an American film and television director, producer, and editor. Everitt's resume primarily consists of directing comedy, music, and performance. She is known for directing the Comedy Central series The High\",\n \"title\": \"Sharon Everitt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15547939\",\n \"text\": \"2017, the second episode of 13 Reasons Why aired, featuring \\\"Run Boy Run\\\". The Grammy Awards are held annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Yoann has 2 nominations. Lemoine is openly gay. Yoann Lemoine Yoann Lemoine (born 16 March 1983) is a French music video director, graphic designer and singer-songwriter. His most notable works include his music video direction for Katy Perry's \\\"Teenage Dream\\\", Taylor Swift's \\\"Back to December\\\", Lana Del Rey's \\\"Born to Die\\\" and Harry Styles' \\\"Sign of the Times\\\". Lemoine is also a neofolk musician, going by the stage name Woodkid. On March\",\n \"title\": \"Yoann Lemoine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6324613\",\n \"text\": \"Winick directed the films \\\"Out of the Rain\\\" (1991), \\\"Tadpole\\\" (2002), \\\"13 Going on 30\\\" (2004), and the live-action remake of \\\"Charlotte's Web\\\" (2006). His final films were \\\"Bride Wars\\\" and \\\"Letters to Juliet\\\". He produced such films as \\\"Pieces of April\\\" (2003) and \\\"November\\\" (2004) through his New York City-based independent film production company InDigEnt, founded in 1999. Winick died of pneumonia in Manhattan on February 27, 2011, at age 49, resulting from brain cancer that had spread throughout him since 2009. Gary Winick Gary Scott Winick (March 31, 1961February 27, 2011) was an American filmmaker whose movies as\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Winick\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17318872\",\n \"text\": \"Marchman/ACT/Pinegrove. Tiger Bay Village would be run as a non-profit and it would serve as a more efficient and compassionate alternative for those who would otherwise be incarcerated for substance abuse or mental health related issues. Arth's prodding led to a grudging but growing acceptance by local officials and agencies the necessity of building a holistic, campus of services at the location he suggested. The film premiered at Cinematique in Daytona Beach, FL on February 8, 2013 and was featured at the Ft. Myers Beach Film Festival in April 2013. It was subsequently made available on YouTube where it garnered\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11638402\",\n \"text\": \"David Snyder David L. Snyder (born September 22, 1944) is a film and television production designer. He has worked as an art director, producer, and assistant director on films including \\\"Blade Runner\\\", \\\"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\\\", \\\"The Whole Nine Yards\\\", and the television programs \\\"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\\\" and \\\"Battlestar Galactica\\\". He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Art Direction for his work on \\\"Blade Runner\\\" at the 55th Academy Awards. The film won the BAFTA for Production Design in 1983. Snyder was born in Buffalo, New York and attended the Technical High School there where\",\n \"title\": \"David Snyder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6284079\",\n \"text\": \"Matthew Libatique Matthew Libatique, is an American cinematographer who is best known for his work with director Darren Aronofsky on the films \\\"Pi\\\" (1998), \\\"Requiem for a Dream\\\" (2000), \\\"The Fountain\\\" (2006), \\\"Black Swan\\\" (2010), \\\"Noah\\\" (2014) and \\\"Mother!\\\" (2017)\\\".\\\" He also shot Bradley Cooper's directorial debut film, \\\"A Star Is Born\\\" (2018), which received critical acclaim. Matthew Libatique was born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York City, to Filipino American parents Justiniano Libatique (deceased) and Georgina Porter, who remarried an American. Libatique became interested in photography after his father, an amateur photographer who worked at a film laboratory in New\",\n \"title\": \"Matthew Libatique\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4843834\",\n \"text\": \"He was honored by the African American Film Critics Association with their 2004 Special Achievement Award and was recognized by the Artist Empowerment Coalition with the Artist Empowerment Award that same year. He also received the Pioneer Director award from the Pan-African Film and Arts Festival in 2010. Gray also directed the 2015 drama \\\"Straight Outta Compton\\\", a biographical film about the rap group N.W.A. In 2017, Gray directed \\\"The Fate of the Furious\\\", the eighth film in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise, which was released on April 14, 2017. Upon release, both films set the record for best\",\n \"title\": \"F. Gary Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"213251\",\n \"text\": \"Jonathan Demme Robert Jonathan Demme ( ; February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the psychological horror \\\"The Silence of the Lambs\\\" (1991), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director. He also directed \\\"Melvin and Howard\\\" (1980), \\\"Swing Shift\\\" (1984), \\\"Something Wild\\\" (1986), \\\"Married to the Mob\\\" (1988), the concert film \\\"Stop Making Sense\\\" (1984), \\\"Philadelphia\\\" (1993) and \\\"Rachel Getting Married\\\" (2008). Demme was born on February 22, 1944 in Baldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise (\\\"née\\\" Rogers) and Robert Eugene Demme,\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Demme\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19630270\",\n \"text\": \"United States on December 25, 2015 by Warner Bros. Pictures. Ericson Core Ericson Core is an American film director and cinematographer, best known for directing the 2006 sports film \\\"Invincible\\\" and the 2015 film \\\"Point Break\\\". He has been director of photography on several films including \\\"Payback\\\", \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", and \\\"Daredevil\\\". Core attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, at age 16, and he then attended USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles to get a B.A. degree in film production and directing studies. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in\",\n \"title\": \"Ericson Core\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12517319\",\n \"text\": \"Leslie Iwerks Leslie Iwerks () (born 1970) is an American producer, director, and writer. She is daughter of Disney Legend Don Iwerks and granddaughter of Ub Iwerks, the animator and co-creator of Mickey Mouse and Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. She has directed films including \\\"Recycled Life\\\" which was nominated for an Academy Award and \\\"The Pixar Story\\\" which was nominated for an Emmy for best nonfiction special. She is a member of the Documentary Branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, and the International Documentary Association. She has worked with\",\n \"title\": \"Leslie Iwerks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4843830\",\n \"text\": \"F. Gary Gray Felix Gary Gray (born July 17, 1969) is an American film director, film producer, music video director and actor. Gray directed \\\"Friday\\\", \\\"Set It Off\\\", \\\"The Negotiator\\\", \\\"The Italian Job\\\" and \\\"Straight Outta Compton\\\". He also directed the eighth installment of the \\\"Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise, \\\"The Fate of the Furious\\\", which is the 11th highest-grossing film of all-time. He also directed such critically acclaimed and award-winning music videos as \\\"It Was a Good Day\\\" by Ice Cube, \\\"Natural Born Killaz\\\" by Dr. Dre and Ice Cube, \\\"Keep Their Heads Ringin'\\\" by Dr. Dre, \\\"Waterfalls\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"F. Gary Gray\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3700884\",\n \"text\": \"Lee Tamahori Lee Tamahori (; born 17 June 1950) is a New Zealand filmmaker best known for directing the 1994 film \\\"Once Were Warriors\\\", 2001 film \\\"Along Came a Spider\\\" and 2002 James Bond film \\\"Die Another Day\\\". Born Warren Lee Tamahori, in Wellington, New Zealand, he is of Māori ancestry on his father's side and British on his mother's. Tamahori grew up in Tawa, a northern suburb of Wellington, North Island, New Zealand. Educated at Tawa School and Tawa College, he began his career as a commercial artist and photographer. He moved into the film industry in the late\",\n \"title\": \"Lee Tamahori\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3728161\",\n \"text\": \"Amy Heckerling Amy Heckerling (born May 7, 1954) is an American film director. An alumna of both New York University and the American Film Institute, she directed the commercially successful films \\\"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\\\", \\\"National Lampoon's European Vacation\\\", \\\"Look Who's Talking\\\", and \\\"Clueless\\\". Heckerling is a recipient of AFI's Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal celebrating her creative talents and artistic achievements. Heckerling was born in The Bronx, New York City, to a bookkeeper mother and an accountant father. She had a Jewish upbringing and remembers that the apartment building where she spent her early childhood was full of\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Heckerling\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17625570\",\n \"text\": \"released on March 5, 2021. Steve Martino Stephen Michael \\\"Steve\\\" Martino (born July 21, 1959) is an American director and designer, best known for directing the films \\\"Horton Hears a Who!\\\" (2008), \\\"\\\" (2012) and \\\"The Peanuts Movie\\\" (2015). Martino went to Ohio State University where he studied design. After graduation, he heard computer animation pioneer Chuck Csuri speak. \\\"I was absolutely blown away. No one was doing what he was showing us. I hadn't seen images like that anywhere before,\\\" Martino said. He returned to the university and earned in 1989 a master's degree, studying at the Computer Graphics\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Martino\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14987103\",\n \"text\": \"Russo brothers Anthony Russo (born February 1970) and Joseph Russo (born July 1971), collectively known as the Russo brothers (), are American film and television directors. The brothers direct most of their work jointly, and also occasionally work as producers, screenwriters, actors, and editors. The brothers directed the superhero films \\\"\\\" (2014), \\\"\\\" (2016), \\\"\\\" (2018), as well as \\\"\\\" (2019), all four part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. They are also known for their work on the comedy series \\\"Arrested Development\\\", for which they won an Emmy Award, and \\\"Community\\\". Their film \\\"\\\" became the fourth film and the\",\n \"title\": \"Russo brothers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17749980\",\n \"text\": \"Víctor Pérez (director) Víctor Raúl Pérez Raya (; born 11 February 1981) is a Spanish film director, producer, screenwriter and visual effects artist who has worked on a number of Hollywood films, including \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\" (Dir. Christopher Nolan, 2012), \\\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\\\" (Dir. Gareth Edwards, 2016), \\\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\\\" (Dir. David Yates, 2010)\\\",\\\" \\\"\\\" (Dir. Rob Marshall, 2011) \\\"and 127 Hours\\\" (Dir. Danny Boyle, 2010)\\\",\\\" plus many more. In 2015 Perez delved into the world of film directing. Since then, he has released two short films and received more than 27 awards\",\n \"title\": \"Víctor Pérez (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5515118\",\n \"text\": \"Andy Ackerman Robert Andrew \\\"Andy\\\" Ackerman (September 19, 1956) is an American director and producer and script editor who is best known for his work on \\\"Seinfeld\\\", \\\"The New Adventures of Old Christine\\\" and the HBO series \\\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\\\". He is a 1978 graduate of Santa Clara University. Born in Los Angeles, Ackerman began his career as a videotape editor on \\\"WKRP in Cincinnati\\\" (1979–82) and \\\"Newhart\\\", winning an Emmy for the former. He also was an assistant editor on \\\"Welcome Back, Kotter\\\". Ackerman directed \\\"Seinfeld\\\" starting in its sixth season. He directed 89 episodes. He has directed every\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Ackerman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2013231\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Columbus (filmmaker) Chris Joseph Columbus (born September 10, 1958) is an American filmmaker. Columbus is known for directing films such as \\\"Home Alone\\\" (1990); its sequel, \\\"\\\" (1992); \\\"Mrs. Doubtfire\\\" (1993); \\\"Nine Months\\\" (1995); \\\"Stepmom\\\" (1998); \\\"Bicentennial Man\\\" (1999); \\\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\\\" (2001); its sequel, \\\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\\\" (2002); \\\"\\\" (2010); and \\\"Pixels\\\" (2015). He is also known for writing films such as \\\"Gremlins\\\" (1984) and \\\"The Goonies\\\" (1985). \\\"Home Alone\\\" won a British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Film. Columbus received an Academy Award nomination for producing \\\"The Help\\\" (2011). Columbus\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Columbus (filmmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7477196\",\n \"text\": \"design artists. He made his directorial debut with the Pixar short \\\"Lifted\\\", for which he received his fourteenth Academy Award nomination. It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2006. His debut feature film for the studio, \\\"Newt\\\", has been put on indefinite hold. He has also directed the Pixar short \\\"Hawaiian Vacation\\\" and the Lucasfilm animated feature \\\"Strange Magic\\\". Rydstrom has also served as English language director on \\\"Tales From Earthsea\\\", \\\"Arrietty\\\", \\\"From Up on Poppy Hill\\\", and \\\"The Wind Rises\\\", all four films were produced by Japanese animation company Studio Ghibli. Gary Rydstrom has been nominated\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Rydstrom\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6734291\",\n \"text\": \"John Hough (director) John Hough (born 21 November 1941) is a British film and television director. He is primarily known for his suspense films of the 1970s and 1980s, including \\\"The Legend of Hell House\\\" (1973), \\\"The Watcher in the Woods\\\" (1980), and \\\"The Incubus\\\" (1982), and \\\"American Gothic\\\" (1988). After many credits as a second unit director on \\\"The Baron\\\", \\\"The Avengers\\\" and \\\"The Champions\\\", he took his first job as a director on the 1968 season of \\\"The Avengers\\\", directing episodes such as \\\"Super Secret Cypher Snatch\\\" and \\\"Homicide and Old Lace\\\". \\\"ITC was a very special place\",\n \"title\": \"John Hough (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6278595\",\n \"text\": \"Gary Trousdale Gary A. Trousdale (born June 8, 1960) is an American film director known for directing films such as \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\", \\\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\\\" and \\\"\\\". He frequently works with Kirk Wise and Don Hahn. Trousdale planned to become an architect, but decided instead to study animation at CalArts, where he studied for three years. He was hired in 1982 to design storyboards and do other animation. He then went to work designing restaurant menus and t-shirts. Trousdale was hired by Walt Disney Feature Animation in 1985 as an effects animator on \\\"The Black Cauldron\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Trousdale\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17023725\",\n \"text\": \"assault and harassment in Hollywood.\\\" The film currently has no title or release date. Ziering has three daughters and resides in Brentwood. Amy Ziering Amy Ziering (born 1962) is an American film producer and director. In 2013, she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature for producing \\\"The Invisible War\\\". Amy Ziering was born in 1962. She is the daughter of Sigi Ziering, a Holocaust survivor and Marilyn Ziering. She grew up in Beverly Hills, California. She graduated from Amherst College before pursuing graduate work at Yale University, where she studied with Jacques Derrida. Her first film, \\\"Taylor's\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Ziering\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6372276\",\n \"text\": \"Rawson Marshall Thurber Rawson Marshall Thurber (born February 9, 1975) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for directing the films \\\"\\\" (2004), \\\"We're the Millers\\\" (2013), \\\"Central Intelligence\\\" (2016), and \\\"Skyscraper\\\" (2018). Thurber was born in San Francisco, California on February 9, 1975. He is the son of multimillionaire attorney, real estate professional, and inspirational speaker Marshall Thurber. He was a 1997 graduate of Union College (Schenectady, New York), where he was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity and played wide receiver on the football team for two years. He is also a\",\n \"title\": \"Rawson Marshall Thurber\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12271111\",\n \"text\": \"Network, \\\"Rush\\\". Jonathan Levine Jonathan A. Levine (born June 18, 1976) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is well known for directing \\\"50/50\\\" in 2011. Jonathan A. Levine was born and raised in New York City, He attended St. Bernard's School, in Manhattan, and Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts. He received his bachelor's degree from Brown University, where he majored in Art Semiotics. He earned his Masters of Fine Arts (MFA) in Film Directing from the American Film Institute, in Los Angeles, at its AFI Conservatory. In 2006, he was nominated for a Best Independent Mini-Feature Award at\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Levine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7156208\",\n \"text\": \"David Ayer David Ayer (born January 18, 1968) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for being the writer of \\\"Training Day\\\" (2001) and co-writer of \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" (2001), and the director of \\\"Harsh Times\\\" (2005), \\\"Street Kings\\\" (2008), \\\"End of Watch\\\" (2012), \\\"Sabotage\\\" (2014), \\\"Fury\\\" (2014), \\\"Suicide Squad\\\" (2016) and \\\"Bright\\\" (2017). Ayer was born in Champaign, Illinois, on January 18, 1968, and grew up in Bloomington, Minnesota, and Bethesda, Maryland, where he was kicked out of his house by his parents as a teenager. Ayer lived with his cousin in\",\n \"title\": \"David Ayer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18234132\",\n \"text\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a 2016 American superhero film based on the fictional superhero team the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. It is the sixth film in the \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\" film series, the second in the reboot series and a sequel to the 2014 film \\\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\\\". The film was directed by Dave Green, written by Josh Appelbaum and André Nemec and stars Megan Fox, Stephen Amell, Will Arnett, Laura Linney, Brian Tee, Brittany Ishibashi and Tyler Perry and featuring the voices of Pete\",\n \"title\": \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15547929\",\n \"text\": \"Yoann Lemoine Yoann Lemoine (born 16 March 1983) is a French music video director, graphic designer and singer-songwriter. His most notable works include his music video direction for Katy Perry's \\\"Teenage Dream\\\", Taylor Swift's \\\"Back to December\\\", Lana Del Rey's \\\"Born to Die\\\" and Harry Styles' \\\"Sign of the Times\\\". Lemoine is also a neofolk musician, going by the stage name Woodkid. On March 28, 2011, Woodkid released his first EP \\\"Iron EP\\\", and on March 18, 2013, he released his first album titled \\\"The Golden Age\\\", which is an autobiographical record. Yoann Lemoine was born in Lyon to a\",\n \"title\": \"Yoann Lemoine\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7378738\",\n \"text\": \"Correll made his film directorial debut with \\\"Ski Patrol\\\". Correll has directed episodes of \\\"The Suite Life on Deck\\\", \\\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\\\", \\\"Family Matters\\\", \\\"What I Like About You\\\", \\\"That's So Raven\\\", \\\"So Little Time\\\", \\\"The Amanda Show\\\", \\\"The Hogan Family\\\", \\\"Yes, Dear\\\", \\\"Two of a Kind\\\", \\\"Fuller House\\\" and many other series. He is also the co-creator of the Disney Channel original series, \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". In 2010, Correll sued Disney for unfair termination and alleged non-payment of creative royalties for \\\"Hannah Montana\\\". Rich Correll Richard Thomas \\\"Rich\\\" Correll (born May 14, 1948) is an American\",\n \"title\": \"Rich Correll\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15460481\",\n \"text\": \"James Ponsoldt James Adam Ponsoldt (born 1978) is an American film director, actor and screenwriter, now based in Los Angeles. He directed the drama films \\\"Off the Black\\\" (2006) and \\\"Smashed\\\" (2012), the romantic comedy-drama \\\"The Spectacular Now\\\" (2013), and the dramas \\\"The End of the Tour\\\" (2015) and \\\"The Circle\\\" (2017). Ponsoldt was born in Athens, Georgia. He is the son of James F. and Susan E. Ponsoldt, and the grandson of graphic artist William Teason. His father is a retired law professor, formerly at the University of Georgia. He grew up in Athens and attended Cedar Shoals High\",\n \"title\": \"James Ponsoldt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8856754\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Herek Stephen Robert Herek (born November 10, 1958) is an American film director. Herek was born in San Antonio, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin. His career as a film director took off in 1986 with the cult horror classic \\\"Critters\\\" followed by the hit comedy \\\"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure\\\" in 1989. He then directed \\\"Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead\\\" in 1991 and became a regular director for The Walt Disney Company throughout the decade, helming \\\"The Mighty Ducks\\\" in 1992, \\\"The Three Musketeers\\\" in 1993, the highly successful live-action 1996 remake of \\\"101\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Herek\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16155089\",\n \"text\": \"Alfonso Gomez-Rejon Alfonso Gomez-Rejon (sometimes Alfonso Gómez-Rejón) is an American film and television director. His television program credits include several episodes of \\\"Glee\\\" and several episodes of \\\"American Horror Story\\\". He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For a Miniseries for \\\"\\\". He is most known for his second feature film \\\"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl\\\", for Indian Paintbrush. In high school, Rejon would \\\"borrow a friend's camera\\\" and \\\"make shorts in lieu of presenting a report in front of the class.\\\" He began his professional career as personal assistant to Martin Scorsese, Nora\",\n \"title\": \"Alfonso Gomez-Rejon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18335092\",\n \"text\": \"voices. The song received universal acclaim. \\\"Billboard\\\" gave the song four and half stars out of five. Chris Willman Writing for \\\"Yahoo\\\" called the song \\\"Pretty weird, and pretty wonderful\\\". Katie Hasty of \\\"HitFlix\\\" gave the song an A+ writing that the song \\\"is damned near perfect.\\\" Writing for \\\"Vulture\\\", Lindsay Zoladz stated that \\\"Swift revealed something even more promising: the cavernous, Antonoff-produced “Out of the Woods,” which seemed to herald an exciting, unexpected, and mature new direction in Swift’s sound.\\\" Sam Lansky of \\\"Time\\\" praised the track stating, \\\"It's the furious chant of that anthemic chorus, all breathless urgency,\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Woods (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4130820\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Hyams Peter Hyams (born July 26, 1943) is an American film director, screenwriter and cinematographer, known for directing \\\"Capricorn One\\\", the 1981 science fiction-thriller \\\"Outland\\\", the 1984 science fiction film, \\\"\\\", a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's \\\"\\\", the 1986 action/comedy \\\"Running Scared\\\", the comic book adaptation \\\"Timecop\\\", the action film \\\"Sudden Death\\\" (both starring Jean-Claude Van Damme), and the horror films \\\"The Relic\\\" and \\\"End of Days\\\". Hyams was born in New York City, New York, the son of Ruth Hurok and Barry Hyams, who was a theatrical producer and publicist on Broadway. His maternal grandfather was Sol Hurok,\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Hyams\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15264988\",\n \"text\": \"Alex Hardcastle Alex Hardcastle is a British television director and producer who has worked on television shows and movies in both the UK and the United States. He is best known for his directorial work on the American comedies \\\"New Girl\\\", The Mindy Project, \\\"The Office\\\" and \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\" as well as his series \\\"A Young Doctor's Notebook\\\" starring Jon Hamm and Daniel Radcliffe. Hardcastle directed multiple episodes of the musical comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend for the CW, Grace & Frankie for Netflix and the comedy drama You're the Worst for FX. He directed the Warner Brothers / Paramount Network\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Hardcastle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6276324\",\n \"text\": \"David Anspaugh David Anspaugh (born September 24, 1946) is an American television and film director. Anspaugh studied at Indiana University and the USC School of Cinematic Arts, after which he taught high school in Colorado. His work as an associate producer on television films led to his producing and directing \\\"Hill Street Blues\\\", for which he won two Emmy Awards. He followed this with \\\"St. Elsewhere\\\" and \\\"Miami Vice\\\" and \\\"Deadly Care\\\" before making his feature film debut with \\\"Hoosiers\\\". His additional screen credits include directing \\\"Fresh Horses\\\", \\\"Rudy\\\", \\\"Moonlight and Valentino\\\", and \\\"The Game of Their Lives\\\". In spring\",\n \"title\": \"David Anspaugh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8668902\",\n \"text\": \"for Best Director. McCarthy appeared in the 2009 dramas \\\"The Lovely Bones\\\" and \\\"2012\\\". In 2010, McCarthy was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the animated film \\\"Up\\\". He also co-wrote and directed 2011's \\\"Win Win\\\" based on his experiences as a wrestler at New Providence High School. McCarthy's most recent film, the independent drama film \\\"Spotlight\\\", received widespread acclaim following its release in 2015. The film received 6 Academy Awards nominations, 3 Golden Globe Awards nominations, 2 Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, and 8 Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations. McCarthy directed the first two episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Tom McCarthy (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7263967\",\n \"text\": \"a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Goddard co-wrote and made his directorial feature film debut with the horror-comedy film \\\"The Cabin in the Woods\\\" (2012). He also directed, wrote and produced the mystery thriller film \\\"Bad Times at the El Royale\\\" (2018). Goddard was born in Houston, Texas and was raised in Los Alamos, New Mexico, the son of Colleen Mary (Hogan), a teacher, and Dr. Laurence Woodbury Goddard. Goddard started his career as a staff writer for \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\" and \\\"Angel\\\", receiving a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation for the former. In\",\n \"title\": \"Drew Goddard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7263969\",\n \"text\": \"Film\\\". Goddard's directorial debut, \\\"The Cabin in the Woods\\\", was co-written with Joss Whedon. \\\"The Cabin in the Woods\\\" was featured on Metacritic's best films of 2012 list, in addition to earning a 92% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The film would go on to win the year's Saturn Award for \\\"Best Horror or Thriller Film\\\", as well as garnering Goddard Saturn's \\\"Filmmaker Showcase Award\\\". In 2013, Goddard—in addition to J. Michael Straczynski, Matthew Michael Carnahan and \\\"Lost\\\" showrunner Damon Lindelof—wrote the screenplay for the film \\\"World War Z\\\" starring Brad Pitt and directed by Marc Forster. The film grossed\",\n \"title\": \"Drew Goddard\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6674180\",\n \"text\": \"Justin Lin Justin Lin (, born October 11, 1971) is an American film director whose films have grossed US$2.3 billion worldwide as of March 2017. He is best known for his directorial work on \\\"Better Luck Tomorrow\\\", \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" movies (3-6), as well as on \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\". He is also known for his work on television programs like \\\"Community\\\", and the second season of \\\"True Detective\\\". Justin Lin was born on October 11, 1971 in Taipei, Taiwan. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood in Cypress, California, in Orange County. He attended Cypress High School, and\",\n \"title\": \"Justin Lin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10032556\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Feig Paul Samuel Feig (; born September 17, 1962) is an American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing films starring frequent collaborator Melissa McCarthy, including \\\"Bridesmaids\\\" (2011), \\\"The Heat\\\" (2013), \\\"Spy\\\" (2015), and \\\"Ghostbusters\\\" (2016). He also directed \\\"A Simple Favor\\\" (2018). Feig created the comedy series \\\"Freaks and Geeks\\\" (1999–2000) and \\\"Other Space\\\" (2015). He has also directed several episodes of the U.S version of \\\"The Office\\\", \\\"Arrested Development\\\", \\\"Weeds\\\" and \\\"Nurse Jackie\\\", as well as episodes of \\\"Mad Men\\\", \\\"30 Rock\\\", and \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\". He received nominations for two Primetime\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Feig\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12663595\",\n \"text\": \"McCashin, with whom he has two children: Marguerite Weisman, an editorial assistant at Harper Collins and Daniel Weisman, a music manager, who manages Capital Cities and Wale and formerly managed Mike Posner. Sam Weisman Sam Weisman (born 1947 in Binghamton, New York) is an American film director. He has directed the films \\\"\\\", \\\"Bye Bye Love\\\", \\\"George of the Jungle\\\", \\\"The Out-of-Towners\\\", \\\"What's the Worst That Could Happen?\\\", and \\\"\\\". Weisman is a 1973 graduate of Brandeis University's MFA program in Acting and Directing. He earned a BA in Music History from Yale University, where he was a member of\",\n \"title\": \"Sam Weisman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13400626\",\n \"text\": \"Jon M. Chu Jonathan Murray Chu (; born November 2, 1979) is an American filmmaker who directed the films \\\"\\\", \\\"Step Up 3D\\\", \\\"\\\", Hasbro franchises \\\"Jem and the Holograms\\\" and \\\"\\\" and \\\"Crazy Rich Asians\\\". Chu is an alumnus of the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television. There, he won the Princess Grace Award, the Dore Schary Award presented by the Anti-Defamation League, the Jack Nicholson directing award, and was recognized as an honoree for the IFP/West program Project: Involve. Chu was born in Palo Alto, California and grew up in nearby Los Altos. His mother, Ruth Chu\",\n \"title\": \"Jon M. Chu\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who directed taylor swift out of the woods"}}},{"rowIdx":294,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Collingwood Football Club"],"string":"[\n \"Collingwood Football Club\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"11320911","text":"1964 VFL Grand Final The 1964 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 19 September 1964. It was the 68th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1964 VFL season. The match, attended by 102,471 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 4 points, marking that club's 12th (and to date, most recent) premiership victory. Melbourne were competing in the finals for the 11th consecutive season. They were also","title":"1964 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11320915","text":"and he had only been forward because he'd followed his opponent upfield. In the final minutes, Collingwood had the ball in their forward line. Collingwood's Ian Graham had a chance to goal with a difficult snap from the boundary but missed. Melbourne held on against intense pressure from Collingwood until the siren sounded leaving Melbourne winners by 4 points. Umpire - Ron Brophy Melbourne: Collingwood: 1964 VFL Grand Final The 1964 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 19","title":"1964 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"14506518","text":"Storm won the Grand Final against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs by 14–4; the Storm then defeated Leeds to win the 2013 World Club Challenge. They then won another minor premiership in 2016 and lost to the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in that year's Grand Final. In 2017 they again finished on top of the ladder, but this time went onto to win its third legitimate premiership, defeating the North Queensland Cowboys by 34–6 in the Grand Final. Also in 2017, Melbourne held a gala dinner for the 10 year reunion of the 2007 premiership side who were stripped of the title. Coach Craig","title":"Melbourne Storm salary cap breach"},{"id":"957502","text":"first game. These two were to take Melbourne to new heights in the coming years. The Demons made the Grand Final in 1954, losing to Footscray, won the flag in 1955, 1956 and 1957, lost to Collingwood in 1958, and then won again in 1959 and 1960 with Smith as coach and Barassi as captain. 1964 Melbourne won its 12th flag, defeating Collingwood, at the end of the season, Barassi left the club to become captain-coach of Carlton. The following season Norm Smith was sacked after a dispute with the club. Although he was soon reinstated, things were never the","title":"Melbourne Football Club"},{"id":"15862115","text":"Melbourne and Adelaide respectively), was won by the South Australian team on penalty kicks. The 1963 season saw four Tasmania teams taking part, with the big Sydney and Melbourne clubs entering the tournament in the second round. The final was contested by two Melbourne clubs, with Port Melbourne Slavia beating Polonia Melbourne 3–2 in a replay, after a scoreless draw. In the final, Des Palmer scored a hat-trick for the winners. Melbourne’s George Cross went on to win in 1964 after downing APIA Leichhardt from Sydney by three goals to two in front of a 15,000 crowd at Olympic Park","title":"Australia Cup"},{"id":"3173047","text":"16–14, scoring in the last minute of their semi-final. Cameron Smith was suspended for two matches for a grapple tackle on Brisbane's Sam Thaiday in the match, seeing him miss the rest of the finals, and Craig Bellamy was fined $50,000 for making scathing remarks against the judiciary's decision. Melbourne convincingly beat the Cronulla Sharks 28–0 to qualify for the Grand Final, but suffered the heaviest Grand Final defeat in league history, beaten 40–0 by Manly. Greg Inglis, Billy Slater, Cameron Smith and Israel Folau all won awards at the Dally M Awards, and Slater and Smith finished equal second","title":"Melbourne Storm"},{"id":"13485833","text":"1959 VFL Grand Final The 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by 103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second time in three years in which the two teams met in a","title":"1959 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11320914","text":"the restart Melbourne's Barry Bourke kicked the ball into their 50 and it was marked by rover Hassa Mann. He was directly in front and only 20 metres out but his shot for goal came off the side of his boot and he could only manage a behind. Melbourne had another chance to win the game however when they kicked the ball towards the goalsquare. A big pack of players went for the ball but it spilled to the ground where Melbourne defender Neil Crompton gathered the ball and kicked a goal. It was his only goal of the season","title":"1964 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11320912","text":"playing in their eighth Grand Final in 11 seasons and fighting for their sixth Premiership in that time. With Melbourne leading by 11 points at the final break the match is remembered for its thrilling last quarter. In the early stages Melbourne had plenty of opportunities to kick goals but could only manage behinds and it was Collingwood's Des Tuddenham who kicked the first goal of the term. 17 minutes into the quarter Collingwood trailed by 9 points but were within a kick when Ray Gabelich kicked goal from a boundary throw in. Gabelich kicked another to put them in","title":"1964 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"13485835","text":"1960 VFL Grand Final The 1960 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1960 in extremely wet conditions due to persistent rain during the previous week. It was the 64th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1960 VFL season. The match, attended despite the conditions by 97,457 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 48 points, marking that club's 11th premiership victory. Collingwood’s score stands as","title":"1960 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"8862503","text":"the amended \"\"Argus\" system\". All of the 1918 finals were played at the MCG so the home team in the Semi Finals and Preliminary Final is purely the higher ranked team from the ladder but in the Grand Final the home team was the team that won the Preliminary Final. South Melbourne defeated Collingwood 9.8 (62) to 7.15 (57), in front of a crowd of 39,168 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). 1918 VFL season The 1918 Victorian Football League season was the 22nd season of the elite Australian rules football competition. In 1918, the VFL","title":"1918 VFL season"},{"id":"13485837","text":"1954 VFL Grand Final and 1958 VFL Grand Final. 1960 VFL Grand Final The 1960 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1960 in extremely wet conditions due to persistent rain during the previous week. It was the 64th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1960 VFL season. The match, attended despite the conditions by 97,457 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 48 points, marking","title":"1960 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"13485834","text":"Grand Final, with Melbourne also having won the 1957 VFL Grand Final. 1959 VFL Grand Final The 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by 103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second","title":"1959 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11084466","text":"Neil Crompton (footballer) Colin Neil Crompton (16 August 1937 – 11 December 2003) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Crompton usually played in the back pocket and thus did not kick many goals however it is for a goal he kicked in Melbourne's 1964 Grand Final win over Collingwood that he is most remembered for. With Melbourne trailing and just minutes remaining in the game, Crompton had followed his Collingwood opponent up the ground and managed to pick up a loose ball in front of goal. He kicked the ball low","title":"Neil Crompton (footballer)"},{"id":"3374643","text":"late in the second half when winger Ron Roberts crossed in the corner to seal the win. At the end of the game the crowd of over 47,000 jumped the fence and invaded the field and congregated in front of the Members Stand cheering and calling for Aussie captain Clive Churchill. The 1963 NSWRFL Grand Final was won by the St. George Dragons 8–3 in front of 69,860 fans in atrocious conditions. It was the Dragons eighth consecutive premiership and their third consecutive grand final win against the Western Suburbs Magpies. The match's only try, scored by Dragons winger Johnny","title":"Sydney Cricket Ground"},{"id":"3173054","text":"in second place on the table. Storm began their finals campaign with a 24–6 win over South Sydney Rabbitohs. Storm played its fifth Preliminary Final in six years, this time defeating Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles 40–12 at AAMI Park. Following this they went on to claim their second official Premiership defeating the Canterbury Bulldogs 14 – 4 in the Grand Final. The Storm began its 2013 season when they defeated Leeds Rhinos 18–14 in the World Club Challenge, to be crowned World Champions for 2013. In round 5, they won their 5th consecutive game for the season and their 13th consecutive","title":"Melbourne Storm"},{"id":"13485853","text":"1955 VFL Grand Final The 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory. A scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting \"The Game That Made Australia\", commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate","title":"1955 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"13863274","text":"1918 VFL Grand Final The 1918 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the South Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 7 September 1918. It was the 22nd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1918 VFL season. The match, attended by 39,262 spectators, was won by South Melbourne by a margin of 5 points, marking that club's second premiership victory. This season was played under the amended \"Argus\" system. South Melbourne was the minor premier, and Collingwood","title":"1918 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"15280434","text":"sacked during the 1965 season. Melbourne would not return to the finals for twenty-five years, and (as of 2017) has not yet won another premiership. St Kilda, which had never won a VFL or VFA premiership in more 93 years of competition, won its first and, to date, only premiership, in a famous grand final victory against Collingwood by one point in 1966. With the number of players recruited from country leagues increasing, the wealthier clubs were gaining an advantage that metropolitan zoning and the Coulter law (salary cap) restricting player payments had prevented in the past. Country zoning was","title":"History of the Australian Football League"},{"id":"13098993","text":"1967 as part of the Australian Football World Tour, where he represented the VFL. Herb Matthews Jr. Herb Matthews Jr. (born 10 May 1943) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Matthews, the son of Brownlow Medal winner Herbie, started his career at Melbourne, a club he had been with from under-age level. He left Melbourne midway into the 1964 season, a decision which may have cost him a premiership as the Demons went on to win that year's Grand Final. Instead he spent the","title":"Herb Matthews Jr."},{"id":"17875488","text":"the major semi-final first leg against bitter rival Adelaide United at Hindmarsh Stadium, a game which was won courtesy of goals from Carlos Hernández and Danny Allsopp. In the second leg Melbourne defeated Adelaide United 4–0 with goals from Archie Thompson, Hernandez, Allsopp and Tom Pondeljak, granting Melbourne passage to the Grand Final on a 6–0 aggregate. Adelaide then defeated Queensland Roar to set up a rematch with Melbourne in the Grand Final, which the Victory won 1–0 with Tom Pondeljak scoring in the 59th minute to regain the A-League Championship and becoming the first A-League team to win their","title":"History of Melbourne Victory FC"},{"id":"13098992","text":"Herb Matthews Jr. Herb Matthews Jr. (born 10 May 1943) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Matthews, the son of Brownlow Medal winner Herbie, started his career at Melbourne, a club he had been with from under-age level. He left Melbourne midway into the 1964 season, a decision which may have cost him a premiership as the Demons went on to win that year's Grand Final. Instead he spent the next six years at South Melbourne, as a defender. He travelled to Ireland in","title":"Herb Matthews Jr."},{"id":"10101690","text":"season had finished, the 1948 VFL \"Premiers\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page-McIntyre System. The 1948 Grand Final between Melbourne and Essendon, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 2 October 1948, was a drawn match: Melbourne 10.9 (69) to Essendon 7.27 (69). The crowd was 85,815. The two teams played again a week later. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). Melbourne defeated Essendon 13.11 (89) to Essendon 7.8 (50), in the Grand Final Replay that was held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 9 October 1948, in front of 52,226 people.","title":"1948 VFL season"},{"id":"16086971","text":"when the 1963–64 Wolverines hosted the 1963–64 Blue Devils at the Yost Fieldhouse, while winning 83–67. Duke starting center Jay Buckley had been described in the press as the weak link in the loss, earning the nickname \"Link\" from his teammates. That Duke team avenged the game later in the season in the 1964 NCAA Final Four with a 91–80 victory. Buckley contributed 25 points and 14 rebounds against 19 points and 9 rebounds from Bill Buntin. After the tournament defeat, the 1964–65 Wolverines came back with double-doubles from Russell, Buntin and Oliver Darden to defeat the 1964–65 Blue Devils","title":"Duke–Michigan men's basketball rivalry"},{"id":"19935702","text":"a grand final without losing a finals match. Melbourne and North Queensland have previously played each other in a finals series on three occasions. Their first meeting was in 2005 at, the then named, Aussie Stadium where the Cowboys defeated the Storm 24-16 in the Semi Final. Their second was in 2015, when the Cowboys defeated the Storm 32–12 at Melbourne's AAMI Park to qualify for the Grand Final. Their third meeting was in the 2016 Qualifying Final, when the Storm defeated the Cowboys 16-10 at AAMI Park; the Storm would earn a week off and finish runners-up that season.","title":"2017 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"13788471","text":"more winning the Division 1 title in 1964, they lost only one match that season. SC Croatia clinched the 1964 title on the final day against Preston Makedonia. In the lead-up to the pivotal game the team manager Frank Burin travelled to Sydney and arranged for six players from Sydney Croatia to play in the one-off match. Unfortunately the clearance for the players failed to come through on time, though in the end it would not matter in the final outcome. SC Croatia and Makedonia went into the match on equal points, in the thrilling match SC Croatia came out","title":"History of Melbourne Knights FC"},{"id":"13485849","text":"1956 VFL Grand Final The 1956 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 15 September 1956. It was the 60th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1956 VFL season. The match was won by Melbourne by 73 points, marking that club's eighth premiership victory. It was the second successive year in which the two teams met in a premiership decider, with Melbourne having won the 1955 VFL Grand Final. The Grand Final","title":"1956 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"13485854","text":"the 150th anniversary of the sport. 1955 VFL Grand Final The 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory. A scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting \"The Game That Made Australia\", commissioned by","title":"1955 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"12236947","text":"the end courtesy of a dominant third quarter in which they kicked six goals to just one by Footscray. The Bulldogs did not appear in another Grand Final until 2016, which they won. The 1961 Grand Final is the oldest currently available on DVD. Videos of the 1962, 1963 and 1964 Grand Finals have not yet surfaced. It is also the first Grand Final in VFL/AFL history that did not include any of the original eight clubs that formed the VFL in 1897 (Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne, St. Kilda, South Melbourne). Umpire: Frank Schwab 1961 VFL Grand Final","title":"1961 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"12657458","text":"1957 VFL Grand Final The 1957 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 21 September 1957. It was the 61st annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1957 VFL season. The match, attended by 100,324 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 61 points, marking that club's ninth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's fourth successive Grand Final appearance and third successive premiership. Ron Barassi starred for the Demons with five goals, four of them","title":"1957 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11320913","text":"front soon afterwards, a goal that is now regarded as one of the most famous in grand final history. He had received the ball near centre half forward and due to Melbourne having spent the previous minutes in their own forwardline and Collingwood moving the ball upfield quickly, there were no defenders ahead of Gabelich. A 109 kg ruckman, Gabelich ran towards the goal, bounced the ball four times, nearly losing it on each occasion, and with Melbourne players gaining on him put it through the big sticks. Collingwood were now 3 points up and time on was nearing. After","title":"1964 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"10084397","text":"the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1926 VFL \"Premiers\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the amended \"\"Argus\" system\". All of the 1926 finals were played at the MCG so the home team in the Semi Finals and Preliminary Final is purely the higher ranked team from the ladder but in the Grand Final the home team was the team that won the Preliminary Final. Melbourne defeated Collingwood 17.17 (119) to 9.8 (62), in front of a crowd of 59,362 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). 1926 VFL season The 1926","title":"1926 VFL season"},{"id":"11457966","text":"12, 1919 match against St. Kilda where South scored 17.4 (106) in the last quarter. Bob Pratt kicked three goals for South Melbourne which saw him overtake Gordon Coventry as the 1933 season’s leading goalkicker. South Melbourne’s premiership side was often referred to as the “foreign legion” due to the high number of players in the team who had been recruited from interstate. The majority of their recruits around that time came from Western Australia which earned South Melbourne the nickname “Swans”. This was the first of two successive years in which these teams met in the premiership decider. In","title":"1933 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"132779","text":"to Carlton by a single point despite managing 30 scoring shots to 21. As if to prove that lightning does occasionally strike twice, the second of the 'ones that got away' came just a year later, the Dons finishing with a lamentable 7.27, to tie with Melbourne (who managed 10.9) in the 1948 grand final. A week later Essendon waved the premiership good-bye, as Melbourne raced to a 13.11 (89) to 7.8 (50) triumph. The club's Annual Report made an assessment that was at once restrained and, as was soon to emerge, tacitly and uncannily prophetic: It is very apparent","title":"Essendon Football Club"},{"id":"3484492","text":"later those of Graeme Langlands, Billy Smith and Johnny King. 1963 was a particularly notable year for the club. A new Leagues Club was opened on the Princes Highway at Carlton, and would become the hub of social life in the district and dubbed \"the Taj Mahal\". On the afternoon of 24 August 1963 Saints won the Grand Final in all three grades (First Grade 8–3 v Wests; Reserves 3-2 v Souths; 3rd Grade 12–2 v Canterbury) – this feat has not been achieved since. That same day saw the creation of an iconic image when Sydney Morning Herald photographer","title":"St. George Dragons"},{"id":"11075670","text":"Steven O'Dwyer Steven O'Dwyer (born 19 January 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the VFL/AFL. A redheaded lanky ruckman, O'Dwyer won the 1988 Keith 'Bluey' Truscott Medal for Melbourne's best and fairest player, helping the club reach their first Grand Final since 1964. However, he missed the decider after being suspended for striking Carlton's Steven Da Rui in the Preliminary Final. O'Dwyer was traded to Richmond for a draft pick (Darren Kowal) at the end of the 1991 season. Injuries forced O'Dwyer into retirement a year later only managing five games with the Tigers.","title":"Steven O'Dwyer"},{"id":"4234242","text":"to win the title. The club powered past local rivals Heidelberg United in the Southern Division play-offs, and edged out Sydney Olympic in the Grand Final to win the 1984 national championship. After the departure of George Campbell to rivals Preston Makedonia in 1983/84, Branko Buljevic to Footscray Just in 1985 and others, South Melbourne could not repeat the success of the previous year. Despite finishing in first place, it was knocked out of the finals series by local rivals Brunswick Juventus and Preston. A major overhaul by coach Brian Garvey saw a number of new signings being made, including","title":"South Melbourne FC"},{"id":"957503","text":"same again for the Demons. The club appeared in Grand Finals from 1954–1960 and every Finals' Series from 1954–1964. After the 1954 Grand Final loss to Footscray, no team was able to score 100 points against the club until Collingwood in round 5 1963. The next team was Geelong with 110 in round 1 1964. The 1965 season started with eight wins but only two wins from the next 10 games saw the end of the era. They would have to wait until 1987 for Melbourne to make the finals again. Poor recruiting zones and management meant that Melbourne, under","title":"Melbourne Football Club"},{"id":"11323707","text":"in 1973. Growing up, he attended Northcote High School, in Melbourne. He was also a maths teacher at Melbourne Grammar School. Ken Emselle Ken Emselle (born 17 June 1944) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. His father Richie Emselle also played for Melbourne. A rover, Emselle was a premiership player with Melbourne in 1964, starting on the bench in the grand final. In 1969, he played mostly with the Melbourne reserves, subsequently winning the Gardiner Medal. In 1970 he joined Prahran in the Victorian Football Association (VFA)","title":"Ken Emselle"},{"id":"6650889","text":"thrilling finish enabled Melbourne to win their last premiership to date by four points. Two years later, in arguably one of the most famous grand finals of them all, St Kilda won their only premiership by one point, and their players went for an impromptu lap of honour with the cup, a tradition that endures. In the 1967 grand final, Geelong and Richmond played a match of the highest standard, with the Tigers winning in the last minutes to end a long premiership drought. The next season, Carlton also ended a long run without success and set a record as","title":"AFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11992823","text":"1965 VFL Grand Final The 1965 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1965. It was the 69th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1965 VFL season. The match, attended by 104,846 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 35 points, marking that club's 12th premiership victory. St Kilda were minor premiers for the first time in their history and after beating Collingwood by a","title":"1965 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"6184507","text":"at home. Meanwhile, #2 USC lost 17–7 at Michigan State and #3 Illinois won 17–6 over Northwestern. #3 Alabama beat Tulane in a neutral site game at Mobile, 36–6. #5 Ohio State beat Indiana at home, 17–9. Previously unranked Kentucky earned a spot in the next poll after beating Auburn 20–0 in Birmingham. Two games, Duke at Tulane and Florida at LSU, were postponed until the end of the season due to the threat of Hurricane Hilda, which made landfall in Louisiana that day.<br>The top 5: 1.Texas 2.Illinois 3.Alabama 4.Ohio State 5.Kentucky. Top-ranked Texas beat Oklahoma 28–7 at Dallas on","title":"1964 college football season"},{"id":"18138653","text":"A-League Championships. Melbourne Victory also became the first and only A-League club to achieve the Premiership-Championship double three times. The Grand Final was Melbourne Victory's fourth, the first being in 2007 against Adelaide United which Melbourne won 6–0, the second won again against Adelaide 1–0 in 2009, and the most recent in 2010 against Sydney FC which ended in favor of Sydney 4–2 on penalties after finishing 1–1 after extra-time. The 2015 match was Sydney FC's third following their inaugural 2006 1–0 win against Central Coast Mariners, and the 2010 match. As Grand Final winners, the champions earned a spot","title":"2015 A-League Grand Final"},{"id":"957506","text":"by 190 points in round 17. Although they beat Essendon the following week In 1980, the MFC finally legally separated from the MCC, becoming a public company, in an effort to attract more members and improve the club's finances. The season produced one less win than 1979 (five) but the club finished higher – ninth. It became evident that drastic action was needed for a club that had missed 16 finals series in a row the return of former star Ron Barassi was seen as the cure. When Barassi left in 1965 it was felt that he would eventually return","title":"Melbourne Football Club"},{"id":"17443735","text":"– only Sandringham and Brighton did not compete. Clubs were, however, limited in the number of former senior players they could field. The seconds premiership was won by Port Melbourne. Port Melbourne 20.16 (136) defeated Oakleigh 12.16 (88) in the Grand Final at Coburg on 23 September before a crowd of 7,000. 1944 VFA season The 1944 Victorian Football Association season was not played owing to World War II, which was at its peak at the time. It was the last of three seasons which were cancelled during World War II. World War II commenced in Europe in September 1939,","title":"1944 VFA season"},{"id":"3173073","text":"time 40–10 at Etihad Stadium, catapulting the Storm to their 4th consecutive Grand Final Appearance. Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles The Storm defeated Manly 34–8 in the 2007 Grand Final but lost to in the 2008 re-match in a 0–40 loss. To add to the rivalry, Melbourne beat Manly 40–12 in the opening final of the 2009 finals series, ending their bid to be back-to-back premiers. In September 21, 2012, Storm and Manly played each other in the preliminary final for the first time. Storm again thrashed Manly 40–12, again ending their chances of winning back-to-back titles. In 2011 another major chapter","title":"Melbourne Storm"},{"id":"16729208","text":"Storm's premiership victory qualified them to compete against the Super League XVII champions, Leeds Rhinos in the 2013 World Club Challenge. 2012 NRL Grand Final The 2012 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2012 NRL season. Played on Sunday, 30 September at Sydney's ANZ Stadium between the minor premiers Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the second-placed Melbourne Storm. Melbourne won the match 14–4 in a tight contest to claim their second premiership title after their 2007 and 2009 titles were stripped due to major salary cap breaches. This was the fourth time the Canterbury Bankstown Bulldogs and","title":"2012 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"11378440","text":"1993 AFL Grand Final The 1993 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1993. It was the 97th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1993 AFL season. The match, attended by 96,862 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 44 points, marking that club's 15th premiership victory. Neither side was considered a strong premiership prospect at the beginning of the season,","title":"1993 AFL Grand Final"},{"id":"957501","text":"club entered a golden age. He was the driving force behind changing the club's nickname from the Fuchsias to the Demons. In 1939, 1940 and 1941 Melbourne won its third, fourth and fifth flags. In 1946 Don Cordner became the second Demon to win the Brownlow. In 1947 Fred Fanning kicked a record 18 goals in the last game of the season. The following season Melbourne played the first ever drawn Grand Final, against Essendon, and went on to win the premiership the following week. Norm Smith became Melbourne's coach in 1952, and the following season Ron Barassi played his","title":"Melbourne Football Club"},{"id":"6526075","text":"remade themselves into a more professional outfit, after many years as an amateur club. Smith was one of many talented players who adhered to Hughes' doctrine. Now renamed the Red Demons (later to become simply the Demons), Melbourne went into the 1939 finals with a team based on all-out attack, with Smith the linchpin. In the Grand Final against Collingwood, Melbourne booted a record Grand Final score and set a new record winning margin, taking only their second premiership in 39 years. Another flag was won in 1940 when Smith was the star, scoring seven goals in the Grand Final.","title":"Norm Smith"},{"id":"6917349","text":"congratulated by club officials and the media. However, in the semi final rematch (from the previous year) with Collingwood, Stewart was blanketed by Colin Tully and the Saints went down by ten points. Stewart bounced back with a best afield performance the following week, guiding his team to a revenge win over Essendon and keeping alive the dream of a first flag. The 1966 Grand Final stands as one of the celebrated games of Australian football. Two evenly-matched teams went at it for 100 minutes and the forever-mythologised result – a one-point win by the least successful club over the","title":"Ian Stewart (Australian rules footballer)"},{"id":"13888266","text":"33-point victory over Brighton. The previous season, and again in 1939, McKay steered Brunswick to Grand Finals but finished on the losing side on both occasions. McKay went on to coach Melbourne's Thirds in 1952 and coached the Seconds (Reserves) coach from 1956 to 1958 and again in 1962 and 1964. McKay coached the Melbourne reserves team that won the 1956 flag in front of a record crowd of 115,802 fans. The scores were: Melbourne 16.14.110 defeated South Melbourne 10.12.72. McKay has the Melbourne Football Club's Past Players’ Golf Day named in his honour - Roy McKay Trophy Golf Day.","title":"Roy McKay (footballer)"},{"id":"2802583","text":"sides met again in the preliminary final where the Storm, despite missing captain Cameron Smith to suspension, smashed the Sharks 28-0 to advance to the grand final against Manly-Warringah. Melbourne Storm begun the 2012 season with 9 straight victories, before a Paul Gallen-less Sharks pipped them 12-10 thanks to a Jeremy Smith try and clutch conversion from Todd Carney. It looked like Cronulla would land two wins over the Storm that year, leading 18-10 with 90 seconds to go in the second game between the sides. The Storm somehow scored twice to win 20-18. The rivalry was reignited in late","title":"Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks"},{"id":"10604049","text":"to the Melbourne Football Club in 1964 and played in that year's four-point Grand Final win over Collingwood. In 2000 he was named on the half-back flank in Melbourne's official Team of the Century. Don Williams (footballer) Don Williams (3 November 1935 – 19 October 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne during the 1950s and 1960s. Williams was a half-back flanker and five time premiership player with Melbourne, including their successive triumphs in 1955, 1956 and 1957. After being dropped to the bench in the 1959 grand final he decided to leave the club and spent","title":"Don Williams (footballer)"},{"id":"3173048","text":"for the Dally M Medal. Billy Slater was awarded the international player of the year Golden Boot award for 2008, following on from Cameron Smith in 2007. In the 2009 season, Melbourne finished 4th on the ladder; they defeated Manly 40–12 in the first week of the finals and Brisbane 40–10 in the preliminary finals to qualify for a fourth straight grand final (the first since Parramatta from 1981–1984). Against Parramatta, who had finished eighth in the home-and-away season but had won ten of its last eleven matches, the Storm led at one stage by 16 points, before finishing 23–16","title":"Melbourne Storm"},{"id":"20800573","text":"the first qualifying final, before beating their 2016 grand final opponents the Sharks 22–6 to join the Roosters in the premiership decider. Sydney and Melbourne last played each other in the finals in 2015, where the fourth-placed Storm defeated the minor-premiership winning Roosters 20–18 in the first week of the finals. The grand final would be Billy Slater's final game before his retirement after playing 319 first grade games in the NRL, becoming the 16th player to finish their career playing over 300 games at one club. Melbourne captain Cameron Smith surpassed Darren Lockyer in becoming the most capped finals","title":"2018 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"11083731","text":"Frank Davis (Australian rules footballer) Frank Davis (born 25 August 1944) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Davis was educated at Salesian College, Chadstone. He made his debut in Melbourne's premiership winning season of 1964 and despite managing just six games he was a member of the grand final winning team in his rookie season. Davis started his career with a bang by kicking a goal with his first kick but then didn't manage another for eight years. Instead of a goal sneak he turned into a reliable defender off","title":"Frank Davis (Australian rules footballer)"},{"id":"17365789","text":"1919 VFA season The 1919 Victorian Football Association season was the 41st season of the Australian rules football competition. The season was the first to be played after hostilities ended in World War I, and saw a return to a full-length season featuring all ten clubs for the first time since 1914. The premiership was won by the Footscray Football Club, after it defeated by 22 points in the Grand Final on 27 September. It was the club's sixth VFA premiership. Footscray's premiership came after minor premier North Melbourne was undefeated through the home-and-home matches – and, in fact, undefeated","title":"1919 VFA season"},{"id":"12012875","text":"Australia, Victoria was the only remaining undefeated team. Therefore, it was crowned the champions without the need for a Grand Final. Victoria: Shea, Pearce, Busbridge, Luff, McGregor, Bailes, McNamara Western Australia: Gravenall, Dunne, Matson, Metherell, Orr, Truscott South Australia: Tredrea, Tierney, Le Mesurier, Gwynne, Chamberlain, Townsend Tasmania: Carter, Lee, Mahoney, Bridges, Webb, Littler, Arnold New Zealand: Darby, Elvidge, Wilkins, Wright, George New South Wales: Colley, Robertson, Rahilly, Gluyas, Maxfield Queensland: Coates, Watts, Kelly, Paget, Hicks 1908 Melbourne Carnival The 1908 Melbourne Carnival was the inaugural Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition, held in Melbourne in August","title":"1908 Melbourne Carnival"},{"id":"7550537","text":"matches, culminating in a 56-point win against Williamstown in the Grand Final. It was the first perfect season in the VFA/VFL first division since 1918. The Port Melbourne Football Club team of the century was chosen in 2003, combining all the clubs greats from across its long history. The Centenary Cup was a once-off knock-out competition held during 1977, and is not counted amongst Port Melbourne's total premiership statistics. Runners-ups (21): 1902, 1923, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1945, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1987, 1993, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2012 Minor Premierships (20): 1941, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953,","title":"Port Melbourne Football Club"},{"id":"6650873","text":"VFL season, where Melbourne won the premiership after having finished sixth out of the eight teams after the home-and-away season (ahead of Carlton and St Kilda) with a record of 6-8. The new finals system caused problems in 1901 when Geelong finished on top of the ladder but was immediately eliminated when defeated in the semi final. A \"right of challenge\" was introduced, giving the team that finished on top at the end of the regular season (the \"minor premier\") the right to challenge if they lost the semi final or the final. This challenge match came to be called","title":"AFL Grand Final"},{"id":"12532237","text":"1941 VFL Grand Final The 1941 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 1941. It was the 45th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1940 VFL season. The match, attended by 79,687 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 29 points, marking that club's fifth premiership victory. By claiming their third successive premiership, Melbourne joined Carlton and Collingwood as the only clubs to achieve the feat.","title":"1941 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"13788537","text":"Mirko Bazic was replaced by former Knights player Ian Dobson. These player losses were made up for with emerging talent in Josip Šimunić, Tom Pondeljak, Ante Kovačević and Ice Kutlesovski. The 1995/96 season was an extremely tight one, with only 6 points separating first and sixth at the conclusion of the regular season. Melbourne Knights stormed home with 6 wins from its final 7 matches to finish second, only a point behind Minor Premiers Marconi Fairfield. In the finals the Melbourne Knights defeated Marconi over 2 legs, booking a spot in their 5th Grand Final. In the Grand Final the","title":"History of Melbourne Knights FC"},{"id":"10088742","text":"raced cross-field towards the Balmain line and sent a cut-out pass to Billy Smith 25 yards out from the tryline. The centre made further inroads before channeling a pass to Johnny King who sped down the left wing for 20 yards to score a diving try. Test winger Johnny King thus kept intact his grand final record with this being his fifth successive try in a decider. Eighteen-year-old Dennis Tutty stood out for the Tigers, providing reliable cover defence that stopped the Dragons on numerous occasions. For St. George, Smith and Langlands had strong games with Langlands tallying 72 points","title":"1964 NSWRFL season"},{"id":"10604048","text":"Don Williams (footballer) Don Williams (3 November 1935 – 19 October 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne during the 1950s and 1960s. Williams was a half-back flanker and five time premiership player with Melbourne, including their successive triumphs in 1955, 1956 and 1957. After being dropped to the bench in the 1959 grand final he decided to leave the club and spent the 1960 season with West Perth, who won the WAFL Grand Final in that year. He represented Western Australia in the Brisbane Carnival where Western Australia defeated Victoria for the first time. He returned","title":"Don Williams (footballer)"},{"id":"8689091","text":"of Australia's 100 greatest players between 1908 and 2007, which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia. In 2008, the Western Suburbs Magpies celebrated their centenary by inducting six inaugural members into the club's Hall of Fame. These six included Summons. Summons is the subject of one of the most memorable sporting photographic images ever captured in Australia. The 1963 NSW Rugby League Premiership grand final between long term rivals Western Suburbs and St George was played in a torrential downpour on Saturday, 24 August. This, combined with the fact that the","title":"Arthur Summons"},{"id":"11705867","text":"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer) Peter McLean (6 May 1941 – 4 April 2009) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. A utility player, McLean was a reserve in Melbourne's 1964 VFL Grand Final win over Collingwood which gave him the perfect end to his debut year. In 1966 he reunited with his former coach Ron Barassi at Carlton and was a member of their 1968 premiership side. It would be his final league season and he thus earned the distinction of being a premiership player in","title":"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer)"},{"id":"19346773","text":"The match was preceded by the 2016 National Youth Competition Grand Final and the 2016 NRL State Championship. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by Keith Urban and former Bon Jovi guitarist Richie Sambora with Orianthi. The match was broadcast live throughout in Australia by the Nine Network. The Melbourne Storm qualified for their sixth grand final in ten years after appearing in the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2012 deciders, although their only recognised premiership was in 2012 after their 2007 and 2009 titles were withheld due to systemic salary cap breaches. Only coach Craig Bellamy and halfback Cooper Cronk have","title":"2016 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"6184515","text":"#6 Nebraska 10–7. Notable members of the 1964 Arkansas team include Jerry Jones, who would later become a billionaire as owner of the Dallas Cowboys of the NFL, and Jimmy Johnson, whom Jones would hire as coach of the Cowboys. #5 Michigan routed #8 Oregon State 34–7 in the Rose Bowl, while in the Sugar Bowl, #7 LSU beat unranked Syracuse 10–7 on a late field goal. A five-member committee of the Football Writers Association of America awarded Arkansas the \"Grantland Rice Trophy\" as the #1 team in a poll taken after the bowl games. The Helms Athletic Foundation, which","title":"1964 college football season"},{"id":"10088741","text":"time in nine grand finals the Dragons trailed at half-time (4-2) with Balmain in the lead after penalty goals from Keith \"Golden Boots\" Barnes. The turning point of the match came five minutes into the second half. The Tigers were defending their own line with some desperate tackling when they received a relieving penalty from referee Pearce. Balmain's Bob Boland put in a big punt which at first looked like a good touch finder. To Balmain's horror, Graeme Langlands stretched and then caught the ball with his boots only an inch or two from the touchline. The champion fullback then","title":"1964 NSWRFL season"},{"id":"8460239","text":"Gladiators - Provan is the subject of one of the most memorable sporting photographic images ever captured in Australia. The 1963 NSW Rugby League Premiership grand final between long term rivals Western Suburbs and St George was played in a torrential downpour on Saturday, 24 August. This, combined with the fact that the centre cricket pitch area of Sydney Cricket Ground was notoriously muddy in such conditions, ensured that the players were not only saturated but also caked in mud from head to toe. At the conclusion of the hard fought match, which was won by St George, the captains","title":"Norm Provan"},{"id":"17733431","text":"1964 VFA season The 1964 Victorian Football Association season was the 83rd season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the fourth season of its second division. The Division 1 premiership was won by the Port Melbourne Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 26 September by 36 points; it was Port Melbourne's 8th VFA premiership. The Division 2 premiership was won by Geelong West, in only its second season in the VFA. Less than a month before the 1964 season, the defending Division 1 premier club, Moorabbin, was suspended from the","title":"1964 VFA season"},{"id":"6184518","text":"Press (writers) final poll<br> Published on November 25 Denotes team played a game after AP poll, hence record differs in UPI poll United Press International (coaches) final poll<br> Published on December 3 The postseason consisted of four bowls as regional finals, played on December 12. In the NAIA championship game, the Cobbers of Minnesota's Concordia College and the Bearkats of Sam Houston State University played to a 7–7 tie. 1964 college football season The NCAA was without a playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A, during the 20th century. The NCAA","title":"1964 college football season"},{"id":"10426359","text":"Melbourne Storm faced off in a minor premiership showdown in which the Melbourne Storm won 26-6 in AAMI Park. They went on to defeat the Raiders in the Week 1 qualifying final 16-14 and earning the week off. Advancing to the Preliminary final, they defeated defending premiers North Queensland Cowboys 32-20 at the Sydney Football Stadium. They would face and defeat the Melbourne Storm in the 2016 NRL Grand Final. The Sharks, after leading 8-0 at half-time, prevailed in a gripping affair 14-12 to claim their first premiership in the club's 50-year history. Sharks second rower Luke Lewis was awarded","title":"History of the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks"},{"id":"11992824","text":"point in the Semi Final found themselves competing in just their second ever Grand Final and first since 1913, which they lost to Fitzroy. Essendon on the other hand last won a Premiership three years previously. The Bombers set up their win in the third quarter, scoring five goals to just one by the Saints. Ted Fordham kicked seven goals for Essendon. 1965 VFL Grand Final The 1965 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1965.","title":"1965 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"5896069","text":"a better win-loss record than Melbourne: the match was organized by the VFA to resolve a dispute between the two clubs. In 1897, when eight teams broke away from the VFA to form the VFL, the concept of finals football was high on the agenda, with teams buoyed by the success and attendances of the 1896 Grand Final. Over the following ten years, all top-level Australian football leagues adopted a finals structure. In 1931 the VFL adopted a system, the Page–McIntyre system, which ensured a grand final, and the concept became entrenched. The New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL)","title":"Grand final"},{"id":"13892811","text":"Melbourne made the 1967 Grand Final, but could not overcome Dandenong, coached by ex-St Kilda footballer Alan Morrow. The match, regarded as one of the controversial and violent grand finals in history, almost ended in the second quarter when Buckley threatened to lead his team-mates off the field in protest against the umpiring. He was also the captain-coach of Port Melbourne in the 1968 season; Port Melbourne finished fifth. In all he played 49 games for Port Melbourne, kicked 8 goals, and finished third in the club's best an fairest in 1967. In 1978 and 1979 he assisted Bryan Quirk","title":"Brian Buckley (footballer, born 1935)"},{"id":"15906609","text":"system previously used by the ARL in the 1990s. The 2012 Premiership was won by the Melbourne Storm, officially the club's second following the removal of their 2007 and 2009 premierships, among other titles, due to salary cap breaches exposed in April 2010. They defeated minor premiers the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs 14-4 in the Grand Final, which was held on Sunday 30 September at ANZ Stadium in Sydney. Halfway through the 2012 season, the NRL's Chief Executive Officer David Gallop stood down from his role after just over a decade in the role. Records Set on 2012 For details on the","title":"2012 NRL season"},{"id":"10088740","text":"1964 NSWRFL season The 1964 NSWRFL season was the fifty-seventh season of Sydney's professional rugby league football competition, the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership, Australia's first. Ten clubs from across the city competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and the WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Balmain. St George captain-coach Norm Provan was matching up against his younger brother (& former Dragon) Peter, who had moved to the Tigers in 1961. The Tigers defence was strong throughout a dour first half and for the first","title":"1964 NSWRFL season"},{"id":"12556175","text":"1964 Australian Grand Prix The 1964 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Sandown Park circuit in suburban Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 9 February 1964. It was the twenty ninth Australian Grand Prix and was also Round 5 of the 1964 Tasman Series and Round 1 of the 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship. The race was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National Formula or the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. Defending winner Jack Brabham won the race driving a Repco Brabham. It was his third and final Australian Grand Prix victory. Results as follows: A \"science-fiction\"","title":"1964 Australian Grand Prix"},{"id":"13476238","text":"percentage, as both clubs had finished the home and away season with 13 wins and a draw. Geelong's premiership win was their last until 2007. Umpire - Jeff Crouch 1963 VFL Grand Final The 1963 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 5 October 1963. It was the 67th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1963 VFL season. The match, attended by 101,209 spectators, was won by Geelong by a","title":"1963 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"10167757","text":"1966 NSWRFL season 1966's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 59th season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten clubs from across the city competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and the WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a replay of the 1964 grand final between St. George and Balmain. 1966 was the last season played under the unlimited tackle rule. Balmain, with their talented raw rookie recruit Arthur Beetson, appeared to be about to topple the Dragons from their long-held perch when the Tigers won eleven consecutive regular","title":"1966 NSWRFL season"},{"id":"15727854","text":"appeared as one of South Melbourne's followers in the 1907 Grand Final, which ended in a Carlton victory. He appeared in all possible 21 games for South Melbourne in 1909, including their grand final win, when they reversed the result from two years earlier and defeated Carlton. From 1912, until the war, Kerr played for Prahran. Alex Kerr (footballer) Alexander Kerr (13 November 1880 – 1 February 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Kerr, known by his nickname of \"Bubs\", was a rover, recruited from Metropolitan Junior Football Association","title":"Alex Kerr (footballer)"},{"id":"14959059","text":"David Norman (Australian footballer) David Norman (born 1 April 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Norman starred for North Ballarat in the 1960 BFL season and won the league's \"Best and Fairest\" award, known as the Henderson Medal. The following season he joined Collingwood where he would spend six seasons as a rover and small forward. Known for his strength and courage, Norman appeared as a half forward flanker in the 1964 VFL Grand Final but ended up on the losing team. He kicked a career","title":"David Norman (Australian footballer)"},{"id":"4004149","text":"years of Reynolds' approach, that is not astonishing), Coleman surprised many by leading the Bombers to the premiership in 1962. The team performed brilliantly, losing only two games for the year and crushing Carlton in the Grand Final. During his playing days Coleman had developed a special loathing for umpires and they were often the target of his venomous tongue as a coach. Essendon suffered a premiership hangover and finished fifth in the 1963. They were subsequently eliminated in the first semi-final of the 1964. Another flag followed in the 1965, when Essendon achieved the rare feat of winning from","title":"John Coleman (Australian footballer)"},{"id":"13338560","text":"(16) in the Reserve Grade preliminary final. He also played in the St Kilda Reserves team (with two of his Caulfield Grammar classmates, Graeme Vorrath and John Dowling) that lost the Grand Final against Geelong, 13.12 (90) to 7.11 (53), on Saturday, 5 October 1963, in front of a crowd of 101,452 spectators at the MCG. He made his senior league debut for St Kilda, playing at full back (in place of the injured Verdun Howell), on Saturday, 18 July 1964 (round 13), in a five-point loss to Footscray at the Western Oval, 10.10 (70) to 11.9 (75), in which","title":"Geoff Grover"},{"id":"10095302","text":"season had finished, the 1964 VFL \"Premiers\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page-McIntyre System. The night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season. Final: Footscray 11.12 (78) defeated St Kilda 11.7 (73). 1964 VFL season The 1964 Victorian Football League season was the 68th season of the elite Australian rules football competition. In 1964, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the","title":"1964 VFL season"},{"id":"11321725","text":"silver in honour of the centenary grand final. Sydney were playing in a Grand Final for the first time since relocating from South Melbourne. It was the Swans' first appearance in a premiership decider since losing the 1945 VFL Grand Final, while it was North Melbourne's first since losing the 1978 VFL Grand Final. At the conclusion of the home and away season, Sydney had finished first on the AFL ladder with 16 wins and 5 losses and one draw, winning the McClelland Trophy. North Melbourne had finished second with 16 wins and 6 losses. The lead-up to the game","title":"1996 AFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11457967","text":"the 1934 VFL Grand Final it was Richmond which emerged victorious. South Melbourne did not win another premiership for 72 years, eventually winning the 2005 AFL Grand Final — as the \"Sydney Swans\" — having relocating to Sydney in 1982. South Melbourne: Richmond: 1933 VFL Grand Final The 1933 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Richmond Football Club and South Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 1933. It was the 37th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the","title":"1933 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"12556176","text":"version of the 1964 Australian Grand Prix was depicted five years before it took place in the American film \"On the Beach\" (1959), based on the Nevil Shute novel of the same name. 1964 Australian Grand Prix The 1964 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Sandown Park circuit in suburban Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 9 February 1964. It was the twenty ninth Australian Grand Prix and was also Round 5 of the 1964 Tasman Series and Round 1 of the 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship. The race was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National","title":"1964 Australian Grand Prix"},{"id":"13825253","text":"that club's sixth premiership victory. The two teams would not meet again in a Grand Final until 1957, with Melbourne winning by 61 points. Melbourne sprung a series of surprise selections during the 1948 finals series. After spending most of the season as playing coach of the reserves team, veteran forward Jack Mueller was recalled for the preliminary final against and kicked eight goals. However, centre half-back Alan McGowan was reported during the match and subsequently suspended. Ruckman Denis Cordner would take his place for the Grand Final. Umpire - Jack McMurray Melbourne Essendon 1948 VFL Grand Final The 1948","title":"1948 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"11705868","text":"his first and last season, in both cases as a reserve. Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer) Peter McLean (6 May 1941 – 4 April 2009) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. A utility player, McLean was a reserve in Melbourne's 1964 VFL Grand Final win over Collingwood which gave him the perfect end to his debut year. In 1966 he reunited with his former coach Ron Barassi at Carlton and was a member of their 1968 premiership side. It would be his final league season and","title":"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer)"},{"id":"10305484","text":"Ian Cooper (Australian footballer, born 1946) Ian Charles Cooper (born 2 April 1946) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League during the 1960s. In a retrospective poll by a team of experts, Cooper was voted best afield in the 1966 VFL Grand Final, which St Kilda won. It was St Kilda's first and (as of 2014) only VFL/AFL premiership by a margin of one point over Collingwood. Cooper's VFL career was cut short by rheumatic fever. In 1970 and 1971, Cooper played for Swan Districts in the West Australian National Football","title":"Ian Cooper (Australian footballer, born 1946)"},{"id":"18783209","text":"fan favourite, Catley created history when she was voted as the first female to appear on the cover of the video game FIFA 16. The club created history in its inaugural 2015–16 season, winning all 12 of its regular season games to become Premiers (regular-season winners) and becoming Champions by winning the 2016 W-League Grand Final, completing a perfect season. In the following season, City suffered a six-match winless run during the middle part of the season before storming back into the finals series and claiming a second successive championship in the 2017 Grand Final. This achievement meant the club","title":"Melbourne City FC (W-League)"},{"id":"6184508","text":"October 10. Visiting #4 Ohio State shut out #2 Illinois 26–0 in the Big Ten, and #3 Alabama beat North Carolina State 21-0. #5 Kentucky, previously 3–0, was beaten 48–6 by Florida State, the start of a four-game losing streak en route to a 5–5 season. Two road wins moved teams into the top five: #6 Notre Dame won 34–7 at Air Force and #8 Michigan won 17–10 at Michigan State.<br>The top 5 were 1.Texas 2.Ohio State 3.Alabama 4.Notre Dame 5.Michigan. On October 17, #8 Arkansas beat #1 Texas at Austin, 14–13, stopping a late two-point conversion attempt. #2 Ohio","title":"1964 college football season"},{"id":"3374650","text":"Britain was selected that night and, but for his injury, Sattler would have been picked as captain. The Cricket Ground hosted what many consider to be the toughest grand final of all in 1973 when defending premiers Manly-Warringah faced the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, who were playing in their first ever grand final after joining the competition in 1967. The Sharks were Captain-coached by Great Britain halfback Tommy Bishop and had a forward pack led by his tough St. Helens and GB teammate Cliff Watson and 1973 Rothmans Medallist Ken Maddison, along with goal kicking 18-year-old whiz-kid centre Steve Rogers. Manly were","title":"Sydney Cricket Ground"},{"id":"19935700","text":"8th position, and the first club to qualify from 8th under the current final eight system that was implemented in 2012. Claiming their third minor premiership, the Melbourne Storm finished the regular season on 44 competition points, six points clear of the second placed Sydney Roosters in losing only 4 games from 24 matches. Their points differential of +297 was their highest amount since 2008. With a two-game home ground advantage, they defeated the fourth-placed Parramatta Eels 18–16 to earn a week off and a place in the grand final qualifier, where they would beat the Brisbane Broncos 30–0 to","title":"2017 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"19935711","text":"his sheer pace and vision. By winning the Grand Final, the Melbourne Storm qualified for the 2018 World Club Challenge against the Super League XXII champions Leeds Rhinos. The match would be staged in Australia for only the fourth time, where the Storm defeated the Rhinos 38–4. American rapper Macklemore was booked to perform four songs, accompanied by singers Eric Nally and Mary Lambert, including \"Same Love\". The song topped the Australian charts in 2013, and was regarded as an anthem for same-sex marriage advocates during the campaign in Macklemore's home state of Washington. In the days leading up to","title":"2017 NRL Grand Final"},{"id":"11313410","text":"1966 VFL Grand Final The 1966 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1966. It was the 70th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1966 VFL season. The match, attended by 102,055 spectators, was won by St Kilda by a margin of one point, marking that club's first and only premiership victory to date. Twenty-five minutes into the final quarter and with scores level, Collingwood's Wayne","title":"1966 VFL Grand Final"},{"id":"6184509","text":"State beat the USC Trojans in Columbus, 17–0. #3 Alabama and #4 Notre Dame remained unbeaten, defeating Tennessee (19–8) and UCLA (24–0) respectively. #5 Michigan lost to Purdue 21–20. Ohio State was the new #1. #6 Nebraska, which had beaten Kansas State 47–0 (and outscored its opponents 171–34 in five wins), took over fifth place.<br>The rankings were 1.Ohio State 2.Notre Dame 3.Alabama 4.Arkansas 5.Nebraska. October 24 had #1 Ohio State over Wisconsin at home, 28–3. #2 Notre Dame beat Stanford 26–7, #3 Alabama beat Florida 17–14. #4 Arkansas beat Wichita State 17–0, and #5 Nebraska beat Colorado 21–3. The top","title":"1964 college football season"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"11320911\",\n \"text\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final The 1964 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 19 September 1964. It was the 68th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1964 VFL season. The match, attended by 102,471 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 4 points, marking that club's 12th (and to date, most recent) premiership victory. Melbourne were competing in the finals for the 11th consecutive season. They were also\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11320915\",\n \"text\": \"and he had only been forward because he'd followed his opponent upfield. In the final minutes, Collingwood had the ball in their forward line. Collingwood's Ian Graham had a chance to goal with a difficult snap from the boundary but missed. Melbourne held on against intense pressure from Collingwood until the siren sounded leaving Melbourne winners by 4 points. Umpire - Ron Brophy Melbourne: Collingwood: 1964 VFL Grand Final The 1964 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 19\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14506518\",\n \"text\": \"Storm won the Grand Final against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs by 14–4; the Storm then defeated Leeds to win the 2013 World Club Challenge. They then won another minor premiership in 2016 and lost to the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in that year's Grand Final. In 2017 they again finished on top of the ladder, but this time went onto to win its third legitimate premiership, defeating the North Queensland Cowboys by 34–6 in the Grand Final. Also in 2017, Melbourne held a gala dinner for the 10 year reunion of the 2007 premiership side who were stripped of the title. Coach Craig\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Storm salary cap breach\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"957502\",\n \"text\": \"first game. These two were to take Melbourne to new heights in the coming years. The Demons made the Grand Final in 1954, losing to Footscray, won the flag in 1955, 1956 and 1957, lost to Collingwood in 1958, and then won again in 1959 and 1960 with Smith as coach and Barassi as captain. 1964 Melbourne won its 12th flag, defeating Collingwood, at the end of the season, Barassi left the club to become captain-coach of Carlton. The following season Norm Smith was sacked after a dispute with the club. Although he was soon reinstated, things were never the\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15862115\",\n \"text\": \"Melbourne and Adelaide respectively), was won by the South Australian team on penalty kicks. The 1963 season saw four Tasmania teams taking part, with the big Sydney and Melbourne clubs entering the tournament in the second round. The final was contested by two Melbourne clubs, with Port Melbourne Slavia beating Polonia Melbourne 3–2 in a replay, after a scoreless draw. In the final, Des Palmer scored a hat-trick for the winners. Melbourne’s George Cross went on to win in 1964 after downing APIA Leichhardt from Sydney by three goals to two in front of a 15,000 crowd at Olympic Park\",\n \"title\": \"Australia Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3173047\",\n \"text\": \"16–14, scoring in the last minute of their semi-final. Cameron Smith was suspended for two matches for a grapple tackle on Brisbane's Sam Thaiday in the match, seeing him miss the rest of the finals, and Craig Bellamy was fined $50,000 for making scathing remarks against the judiciary's decision. Melbourne convincingly beat the Cronulla Sharks 28–0 to qualify for the Grand Final, but suffered the heaviest Grand Final defeat in league history, beaten 40–0 by Manly. Greg Inglis, Billy Slater, Cameron Smith and Israel Folau all won awards at the Dally M Awards, and Slater and Smith finished equal second\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Storm\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485833\",\n \"text\": \"1959 VFL Grand Final The 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by 103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second time in three years in which the two teams met in a\",\n \"title\": \"1959 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11320914\",\n \"text\": \"the restart Melbourne's Barry Bourke kicked the ball into their 50 and it was marked by rover Hassa Mann. He was directly in front and only 20 metres out but his shot for goal came off the side of his boot and he could only manage a behind. Melbourne had another chance to win the game however when they kicked the ball towards the goalsquare. A big pack of players went for the ball but it spilled to the ground where Melbourne defender Neil Crompton gathered the ball and kicked a goal. It was his only goal of the season\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11320912\",\n \"text\": \"playing in their eighth Grand Final in 11 seasons and fighting for their sixth Premiership in that time. With Melbourne leading by 11 points at the final break the match is remembered for its thrilling last quarter. In the early stages Melbourne had plenty of opportunities to kick goals but could only manage behinds and it was Collingwood's Des Tuddenham who kicked the first goal of the term. 17 minutes into the quarter Collingwood trailed by 9 points but were within a kick when Ray Gabelich kicked goal from a boundary throw in. Gabelich kicked another to put them in\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485835\",\n \"text\": \"1960 VFL Grand Final The 1960 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1960 in extremely wet conditions due to persistent rain during the previous week. It was the 64th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1960 VFL season. The match, attended despite the conditions by 97,457 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 48 points, marking that club's 11th premiership victory. Collingwood’s score stands as\",\n \"title\": \"1960 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8862503\",\n \"text\": \"the amended \\\"\\\"Argus\\\" system\\\". All of the 1918 finals were played at the MCG so the home team in the Semi Finals and Preliminary Final is purely the higher ranked team from the ladder but in the Grand Final the home team was the team that won the Preliminary Final. South Melbourne defeated Collingwood 9.8 (62) to 7.15 (57), in front of a crowd of 39,168 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). 1918 VFL season The 1918 Victorian Football League season was the 22nd season of the elite Australian rules football competition. In 1918, the VFL\",\n \"title\": \"1918 VFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485837\",\n \"text\": \"1954 VFL Grand Final and 1958 VFL Grand Final. 1960 VFL Grand Final The 1960 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1960 in extremely wet conditions due to persistent rain during the previous week. It was the 64th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1960 VFL season. The match, attended despite the conditions by 97,457 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 48 points, marking\",\n \"title\": \"1960 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485834\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Final, with Melbourne also having won the 1957 VFL Grand Final. 1959 VFL Grand Final The 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by 103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second\",\n \"title\": \"1959 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11084466\",\n \"text\": \"Neil Crompton (footballer) Colin Neil Crompton (16 August 1937 – 11 December 2003) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Crompton usually played in the back pocket and thus did not kick many goals however it is for a goal he kicked in Melbourne's 1964 Grand Final win over Collingwood that he is most remembered for. With Melbourne trailing and just minutes remaining in the game, Crompton had followed his Collingwood opponent up the ground and managed to pick up a loose ball in front of goal. He kicked the ball low\",\n \"title\": \"Neil Crompton (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3374643\",\n \"text\": \"late in the second half when winger Ron Roberts crossed in the corner to seal the win. At the end of the game the crowd of over 47,000 jumped the fence and invaded the field and congregated in front of the Members Stand cheering and calling for Aussie captain Clive Churchill. The 1963 NSWRFL Grand Final was won by the St. George Dragons 8–3 in front of 69,860 fans in atrocious conditions. It was the Dragons eighth consecutive premiership and their third consecutive grand final win against the Western Suburbs Magpies. The match's only try, scored by Dragons winger Johnny\",\n \"title\": \"Sydney Cricket Ground\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3173054\",\n \"text\": \"in second place on the table. Storm began their finals campaign with a 24–6 win over South Sydney Rabbitohs. Storm played its fifth Preliminary Final in six years, this time defeating Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles 40–12 at AAMI Park. Following this they went on to claim their second official Premiership defeating the Canterbury Bulldogs 14 – 4 in the Grand Final. The Storm began its 2013 season when they defeated Leeds Rhinos 18–14 in the World Club Challenge, to be crowned World Champions for 2013. In round 5, they won their 5th consecutive game for the season and their 13th consecutive\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Storm\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485853\",\n \"text\": \"1955 VFL Grand Final The 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory. A scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting \\\"The Game That Made Australia\\\", commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate\",\n \"title\": \"1955 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13863274\",\n \"text\": \"1918 VFL Grand Final The 1918 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the South Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 7 September 1918. It was the 22nd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1918 VFL season. The match, attended by 39,262 spectators, was won by South Melbourne by a margin of 5 points, marking that club's second premiership victory. This season was played under the amended \\\"Argus\\\" system. South Melbourne was the minor premier, and Collingwood\",\n \"title\": \"1918 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15280434\",\n \"text\": \"sacked during the 1965 season. Melbourne would not return to the finals for twenty-five years, and (as of 2017) has not yet won another premiership. St Kilda, which had never won a VFL or VFA premiership in more 93 years of competition, won its first and, to date, only premiership, in a famous grand final victory against Collingwood by one point in 1966. With the number of players recruited from country leagues increasing, the wealthier clubs were gaining an advantage that metropolitan zoning and the Coulter law (salary cap) restricting player payments had prevented in the past. Country zoning was\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Australian Football League\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13098993\",\n \"text\": \"1967 as part of the Australian Football World Tour, where he represented the VFL. Herb Matthews Jr. Herb Matthews Jr. (born 10 May 1943) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Matthews, the son of Brownlow Medal winner Herbie, started his career at Melbourne, a club he had been with from under-age level. He left Melbourne midway into the 1964 season, a decision which may have cost him a premiership as the Demons went on to win that year's Grand Final. Instead he spent the\",\n \"title\": \"Herb Matthews Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17875488\",\n \"text\": \"the major semi-final first leg against bitter rival Adelaide United at Hindmarsh Stadium, a game which was won courtesy of goals from Carlos Hernández and Danny Allsopp. In the second leg Melbourne defeated Adelaide United 4–0 with goals from Archie Thompson, Hernandez, Allsopp and Tom Pondeljak, granting Melbourne passage to the Grand Final on a 6–0 aggregate. Adelaide then defeated Queensland Roar to set up a rematch with Melbourne in the Grand Final, which the Victory won 1–0 with Tom Pondeljak scoring in the 59th minute to regain the A-League Championship and becoming the first A-League team to win their\",\n \"title\": \"History of Melbourne Victory FC\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13098992\",\n \"text\": \"Herb Matthews Jr. Herb Matthews Jr. (born 10 May 1943) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Matthews, the son of Brownlow Medal winner Herbie, started his career at Melbourne, a club he had been with from under-age level. He left Melbourne midway into the 1964 season, a decision which may have cost him a premiership as the Demons went on to win that year's Grand Final. Instead he spent the next six years at South Melbourne, as a defender. He travelled to Ireland in\",\n \"title\": \"Herb Matthews Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10101690\",\n \"text\": \"season had finished, the 1948 VFL \\\"Premiers\\\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page-McIntyre System. The 1948 Grand Final between Melbourne and Essendon, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 2 October 1948, was a drawn match: Melbourne 10.9 (69) to Essendon 7.27 (69). The crowd was 85,815. The two teams played again a week later. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). Melbourne defeated Essendon 13.11 (89) to Essendon 7.8 (50), in the Grand Final Replay that was held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 9 October 1948, in front of 52,226 people.\",\n \"title\": \"1948 VFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16086971\",\n \"text\": \"when the 1963–64 Wolverines hosted the 1963–64 Blue Devils at the Yost Fieldhouse, while winning 83–67. Duke starting center Jay Buckley had been described in the press as the weak link in the loss, earning the nickname \\\"Link\\\" from his teammates. That Duke team avenged the game later in the season in the 1964 NCAA Final Four with a 91–80 victory. Buckley contributed 25 points and 14 rebounds against 19 points and 9 rebounds from Bill Buntin. After the tournament defeat, the 1964–65 Wolverines came back with double-doubles from Russell, Buntin and Oliver Darden to defeat the 1964–65 Blue Devils\",\n \"title\": \"Duke–Michigan men's basketball rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19935702\",\n \"text\": \"a grand final without losing a finals match. Melbourne and North Queensland have previously played each other in a finals series on three occasions. Their first meeting was in 2005 at, the then named, Aussie Stadium where the Cowboys defeated the Storm 24-16 in the Semi Final. Their second was in 2015, when the Cowboys defeated the Storm 32–12 at Melbourne's AAMI Park to qualify for the Grand Final. Their third meeting was in the 2016 Qualifying Final, when the Storm defeated the Cowboys 16-10 at AAMI Park; the Storm would earn a week off and finish runners-up that season.\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13788471\",\n \"text\": \"more winning the Division 1 title in 1964, they lost only one match that season. SC Croatia clinched the 1964 title on the final day against Preston Makedonia. In the lead-up to the pivotal game the team manager Frank Burin travelled to Sydney and arranged for six players from Sydney Croatia to play in the one-off match. Unfortunately the clearance for the players failed to come through on time, though in the end it would not matter in the final outcome. SC Croatia and Makedonia went into the match on equal points, in the thrilling match SC Croatia came out\",\n \"title\": \"History of Melbourne Knights FC\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485849\",\n \"text\": \"1956 VFL Grand Final The 1956 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 15 September 1956. It was the 60th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1956 VFL season. The match was won by Melbourne by 73 points, marking that club's eighth premiership victory. It was the second successive year in which the two teams met in a premiership decider, with Melbourne having won the 1955 VFL Grand Final. The Grand Final\",\n \"title\": \"1956 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13485854\",\n \"text\": \"the 150th anniversary of the sport. 1955 VFL Grand Final The 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory. A scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting \\\"The Game That Made Australia\\\", commissioned by\",\n \"title\": \"1955 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12236947\",\n \"text\": \"the end courtesy of a dominant third quarter in which they kicked six goals to just one by Footscray. The Bulldogs did not appear in another Grand Final until 2016, which they won. The 1961 Grand Final is the oldest currently available on DVD. Videos of the 1962, 1963 and 1964 Grand Finals have not yet surfaced. It is also the first Grand Final in VFL/AFL history that did not include any of the original eight clubs that formed the VFL in 1897 (Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne, St. Kilda, South Melbourne). Umpire: Frank Schwab 1961 VFL Grand Final\",\n \"title\": \"1961 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12657458\",\n \"text\": \"1957 VFL Grand Final The 1957 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 21 September 1957. It was the 61st annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1957 VFL season. The match, attended by 100,324 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 61 points, marking that club's ninth premiership victory. This was Melbourne's fourth successive Grand Final appearance and third successive premiership. Ron Barassi starred for the Demons with five goals, four of them\",\n \"title\": \"1957 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11320913\",\n \"text\": \"front soon afterwards, a goal that is now regarded as one of the most famous in grand final history. He had received the ball near centre half forward and due to Melbourne having spent the previous minutes in their own forwardline and Collingwood moving the ball upfield quickly, there were no defenders ahead of Gabelich. A 109 kg ruckman, Gabelich ran towards the goal, bounced the ball four times, nearly losing it on each occasion, and with Melbourne players gaining on him put it through the big sticks. Collingwood were now 3 points up and time on was nearing. After\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10084397\",\n \"text\": \"the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1926 VFL \\\"Premiers\\\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the amended \\\"\\\"Argus\\\" system\\\". All of the 1926 finals were played at the MCG so the home team in the Semi Finals and Preliminary Final is purely the higher ranked team from the ladder but in the Grand Final the home team was the team that won the Preliminary Final. Melbourne defeated Collingwood 17.17 (119) to 9.8 (62), in front of a crowd of 59,362 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football). 1926 VFL season The 1926\",\n \"title\": \"1926 VFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11457966\",\n \"text\": \"12, 1919 match against St. Kilda where South scored 17.4 (106) in the last quarter. Bob Pratt kicked three goals for South Melbourne which saw him overtake Gordon Coventry as the 1933 season’s leading goalkicker. South Melbourne’s premiership side was often referred to as the “foreign legion” due to the high number of players in the team who had been recruited from interstate. The majority of their recruits around that time came from Western Australia which earned South Melbourne the nickname “Swans”. This was the first of two successive years in which these teams met in the premiership decider. In\",\n \"title\": \"1933 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"132779\",\n \"text\": \"to Carlton by a single point despite managing 30 scoring shots to 21. As if to prove that lightning does occasionally strike twice, the second of the 'ones that got away' came just a year later, the Dons finishing with a lamentable 7.27, to tie with Melbourne (who managed 10.9) in the 1948 grand final. A week later Essendon waved the premiership good-bye, as Melbourne raced to a 13.11 (89) to 7.8 (50) triumph. The club's Annual Report made an assessment that was at once restrained and, as was soon to emerge, tacitly and uncannily prophetic: It is very apparent\",\n \"title\": \"Essendon Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3484492\",\n \"text\": \"later those of Graeme Langlands, Billy Smith and Johnny King. 1963 was a particularly notable year for the club. A new Leagues Club was opened on the Princes Highway at Carlton, and would become the hub of social life in the district and dubbed \\\"the Taj Mahal\\\". On the afternoon of 24 August 1963 Saints won the Grand Final in all three grades (First Grade 8–3 v Wests; Reserves 3-2 v Souths; 3rd Grade 12–2 v Canterbury) – this feat has not been achieved since. That same day saw the creation of an iconic image when Sydney Morning Herald photographer\",\n \"title\": \"St. George Dragons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11075670\",\n \"text\": \"Steven O'Dwyer Steven O'Dwyer (born 19 January 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the VFL/AFL. A redheaded lanky ruckman, O'Dwyer won the 1988 Keith 'Bluey' Truscott Medal for Melbourne's best and fairest player, helping the club reach their first Grand Final since 1964. However, he missed the decider after being suspended for striking Carlton's Steven Da Rui in the Preliminary Final. O'Dwyer was traded to Richmond for a draft pick (Darren Kowal) at the end of the 1991 season. Injuries forced O'Dwyer into retirement a year later only managing five games with the Tigers.\",\n \"title\": \"Steven O'Dwyer\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4234242\",\n \"text\": \"to win the title. The club powered past local rivals Heidelberg United in the Southern Division play-offs, and edged out Sydney Olympic in the Grand Final to win the 1984 national championship. After the departure of George Campbell to rivals Preston Makedonia in 1983/84, Branko Buljevic to Footscray Just in 1985 and others, South Melbourne could not repeat the success of the previous year. Despite finishing in first place, it was knocked out of the finals series by local rivals Brunswick Juventus and Preston. A major overhaul by coach Brian Garvey saw a number of new signings being made, including\",\n \"title\": \"South Melbourne FC\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"957503\",\n \"text\": \"same again for the Demons. The club appeared in Grand Finals from 1954–1960 and every Finals' Series from 1954–1964. After the 1954 Grand Final loss to Footscray, no team was able to score 100 points against the club until Collingwood in round 5 1963. The next team was Geelong with 110 in round 1 1964. The 1965 season started with eight wins but only two wins from the next 10 games saw the end of the era. They would have to wait until 1987 for Melbourne to make the finals again. Poor recruiting zones and management meant that Melbourne, under\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11323707\",\n \"text\": \"in 1973. Growing up, he attended Northcote High School, in Melbourne. He was also a maths teacher at Melbourne Grammar School. Ken Emselle Ken Emselle (born 17 June 1944) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. His father Richie Emselle also played for Melbourne. A rover, Emselle was a premiership player with Melbourne in 1964, starting on the bench in the grand final. In 1969, he played mostly with the Melbourne reserves, subsequently winning the Gardiner Medal. In 1970 he joined Prahran in the Victorian Football Association (VFA)\",\n \"title\": \"Ken Emselle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6650889\",\n \"text\": \"thrilling finish enabled Melbourne to win their last premiership to date by four points. Two years later, in arguably one of the most famous grand finals of them all, St Kilda won their only premiership by one point, and their players went for an impromptu lap of honour with the cup, a tradition that endures. In the 1967 grand final, Geelong and Richmond played a match of the highest standard, with the Tigers winning in the last minutes to end a long premiership drought. The next season, Carlton also ended a long run without success and set a record as\",\n \"title\": \"AFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11992823\",\n \"text\": \"1965 VFL Grand Final The 1965 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1965. It was the 69th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1965 VFL season. The match, attended by 104,846 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 35 points, marking that club's 12th premiership victory. St Kilda were minor premiers for the first time in their history and after beating Collingwood by a\",\n \"title\": \"1965 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6184507\",\n \"text\": \"at home. Meanwhile, #2 USC lost 17–7 at Michigan State and #3 Illinois won 17–6 over Northwestern. #3 Alabama beat Tulane in a neutral site game at Mobile, 36–6. #5 Ohio State beat Indiana at home, 17–9. Previously unranked Kentucky earned a spot in the next poll after beating Auburn 20–0 in Birmingham. Two games, Duke at Tulane and Florida at LSU, were postponed until the end of the season due to the threat of Hurricane Hilda, which made landfall in Louisiana that day.<br>The top 5: 1.Texas 2.Illinois 3.Alabama 4.Ohio State 5.Kentucky. Top-ranked Texas beat Oklahoma 28–7 at Dallas on\",\n \"title\": \"1964 college football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18138653\",\n \"text\": \"A-League Championships. Melbourne Victory also became the first and only A-League club to achieve the Premiership-Championship double three times. The Grand Final was Melbourne Victory's fourth, the first being in 2007 against Adelaide United which Melbourne won 6–0, the second won again against Adelaide 1–0 in 2009, and the most recent in 2010 against Sydney FC which ended in favor of Sydney 4–2 on penalties after finishing 1–1 after extra-time. The 2015 match was Sydney FC's third following their inaugural 2006 1–0 win against Central Coast Mariners, and the 2010 match. As Grand Final winners, the champions earned a spot\",\n \"title\": \"2015 A-League Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"957506\",\n \"text\": \"by 190 points in round 17. Although they beat Essendon the following week In 1980, the MFC finally legally separated from the MCC, becoming a public company, in an effort to attract more members and improve the club's finances. The season produced one less win than 1979 (five) but the club finished higher – ninth. It became evident that drastic action was needed for a club that had missed 16 finals series in a row the return of former star Ron Barassi was seen as the cure. When Barassi left in 1965 it was felt that he would eventually return\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17443735\",\n \"text\": \"– only Sandringham and Brighton did not compete. Clubs were, however, limited in the number of former senior players they could field. The seconds premiership was won by Port Melbourne. Port Melbourne 20.16 (136) defeated Oakleigh 12.16 (88) in the Grand Final at Coburg on 23 September before a crowd of 7,000. 1944 VFA season The 1944 Victorian Football Association season was not played owing to World War II, which was at its peak at the time. It was the last of three seasons which were cancelled during World War II. World War II commenced in Europe in September 1939,\",\n \"title\": \"1944 VFA season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3173073\",\n \"text\": \"time 40–10 at Etihad Stadium, catapulting the Storm to their 4th consecutive Grand Final Appearance. Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles The Storm defeated Manly 34–8 in the 2007 Grand Final but lost to in the 2008 re-match in a 0–40 loss. To add to the rivalry, Melbourne beat Manly 40–12 in the opening final of the 2009 finals series, ending their bid to be back-to-back premiers. In September 21, 2012, Storm and Manly played each other in the preliminary final for the first time. Storm again thrashed Manly 40–12, again ending their chances of winning back-to-back titles. In 2011 another major chapter\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Storm\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16729208\",\n \"text\": \"Storm's premiership victory qualified them to compete against the Super League XVII champions, Leeds Rhinos in the 2013 World Club Challenge. 2012 NRL Grand Final The 2012 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2012 NRL season. Played on Sunday, 30 September at Sydney's ANZ Stadium between the minor premiers Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the second-placed Melbourne Storm. Melbourne won the match 14–4 in a tight contest to claim their second premiership title after their 2007 and 2009 titles were stripped due to major salary cap breaches. This was the fourth time the Canterbury Bankstown Bulldogs and\",\n \"title\": \"2012 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11378440\",\n \"text\": \"1993 AFL Grand Final The 1993 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Carlton Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1993. It was the 97th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1993 AFL season. The match, attended by 96,862 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 44 points, marking that club's 15th premiership victory. Neither side was considered a strong premiership prospect at the beginning of the season,\",\n \"title\": \"1993 AFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"957501\",\n \"text\": \"club entered a golden age. He was the driving force behind changing the club's nickname from the Fuchsias to the Demons. In 1939, 1940 and 1941 Melbourne won its third, fourth and fifth flags. In 1946 Don Cordner became the second Demon to win the Brownlow. In 1947 Fred Fanning kicked a record 18 goals in the last game of the season. The following season Melbourne played the first ever drawn Grand Final, against Essendon, and went on to win the premiership the following week. Norm Smith became Melbourne's coach in 1952, and the following season Ron Barassi played his\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6526075\",\n \"text\": \"remade themselves into a more professional outfit, after many years as an amateur club. Smith was one of many talented players who adhered to Hughes' doctrine. Now renamed the Red Demons (later to become simply the Demons), Melbourne went into the 1939 finals with a team based on all-out attack, with Smith the linchpin. In the Grand Final against Collingwood, Melbourne booted a record Grand Final score and set a new record winning margin, taking only their second premiership in 39 years. Another flag was won in 1940 when Smith was the star, scoring seven goals in the Grand Final.\",\n \"title\": \"Norm Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6917349\",\n \"text\": \"congratulated by club officials and the media. However, in the semi final rematch (from the previous year) with Collingwood, Stewart was blanketed by Colin Tully and the Saints went down by ten points. Stewart bounced back with a best afield performance the following week, guiding his team to a revenge win over Essendon and keeping alive the dream of a first flag. The 1966 Grand Final stands as one of the celebrated games of Australian football. Two evenly-matched teams went at it for 100 minutes and the forever-mythologised result – a one-point win by the least successful club over the\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Stewart (Australian rules footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13888266\",\n \"text\": \"33-point victory over Brighton. The previous season, and again in 1939, McKay steered Brunswick to Grand Finals but finished on the losing side on both occasions. McKay went on to coach Melbourne's Thirds in 1952 and coached the Seconds (Reserves) coach from 1956 to 1958 and again in 1962 and 1964. McKay coached the Melbourne reserves team that won the 1956 flag in front of a record crowd of 115,802 fans. The scores were: Melbourne 16.14.110 defeated South Melbourne 10.12.72. McKay has the Melbourne Football Club's Past Players’ Golf Day named in his honour - Roy McKay Trophy Golf Day.\",\n \"title\": \"Roy McKay (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2802583\",\n \"text\": \"sides met again in the preliminary final where the Storm, despite missing captain Cameron Smith to suspension, smashed the Sharks 28-0 to advance to the grand final against Manly-Warringah. Melbourne Storm begun the 2012 season with 9 straight victories, before a Paul Gallen-less Sharks pipped them 12-10 thanks to a Jeremy Smith try and clutch conversion from Todd Carney. It looked like Cronulla would land two wins over the Storm that year, leading 18-10 with 90 seconds to go in the second game between the sides. The Storm somehow scored twice to win 20-18. The rivalry was reignited in late\",\n \"title\": \"Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10604049\",\n \"text\": \"to the Melbourne Football Club in 1964 and played in that year's four-point Grand Final win over Collingwood. In 2000 he was named on the half-back flank in Melbourne's official Team of the Century. Don Williams (footballer) Don Williams (3 November 1935 – 19 October 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne during the 1950s and 1960s. Williams was a half-back flanker and five time premiership player with Melbourne, including their successive triumphs in 1955, 1956 and 1957. After being dropped to the bench in the 1959 grand final he decided to leave the club and spent\",\n \"title\": \"Don Williams (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3173048\",\n \"text\": \"for the Dally M Medal. Billy Slater was awarded the international player of the year Golden Boot award for 2008, following on from Cameron Smith in 2007. In the 2009 season, Melbourne finished 4th on the ladder; they defeated Manly 40–12 in the first week of the finals and Brisbane 40–10 in the preliminary finals to qualify for a fourth straight grand final (the first since Parramatta from 1981–1984). Against Parramatta, who had finished eighth in the home-and-away season but had won ten of its last eleven matches, the Storm led at one stage by 16 points, before finishing 23–16\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne Storm\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20800573\",\n \"text\": \"the first qualifying final, before beating their 2016 grand final opponents the Sharks 22–6 to join the Roosters in the premiership decider. Sydney and Melbourne last played each other in the finals in 2015, where the fourth-placed Storm defeated the minor-premiership winning Roosters 20–18 in the first week of the finals. The grand final would be Billy Slater's final game before his retirement after playing 319 first grade games in the NRL, becoming the 16th player to finish their career playing over 300 games at one club. Melbourne captain Cameron Smith surpassed Darren Lockyer in becoming the most capped finals\",\n \"title\": \"2018 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11083731\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Davis (Australian rules footballer) Frank Davis (born 25 August 1944) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Davis was educated at Salesian College, Chadstone. He made his debut in Melbourne's premiership winning season of 1964 and despite managing just six games he was a member of the grand final winning team in his rookie season. Davis started his career with a bang by kicking a goal with his first kick but then didn't manage another for eight years. Instead of a goal sneak he turned into a reliable defender off\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Davis (Australian rules footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17365789\",\n \"text\": \"1919 VFA season The 1919 Victorian Football Association season was the 41st season of the Australian rules football competition. The season was the first to be played after hostilities ended in World War I, and saw a return to a full-length season featuring all ten clubs for the first time since 1914. The premiership was won by the Footscray Football Club, after it defeated by 22 points in the Grand Final on 27 September. It was the club's sixth VFA premiership. Footscray's premiership came after minor premier North Melbourne was undefeated through the home-and-home matches – and, in fact, undefeated\",\n \"title\": \"1919 VFA season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12012875\",\n \"text\": \"Australia, Victoria was the only remaining undefeated team. Therefore, it was crowned the champions without the need for a Grand Final. Victoria: Shea, Pearce, Busbridge, Luff, McGregor, Bailes, McNamara Western Australia: Gravenall, Dunne, Matson, Metherell, Orr, Truscott South Australia: Tredrea, Tierney, Le Mesurier, Gwynne, Chamberlain, Townsend Tasmania: Carter, Lee, Mahoney, Bridges, Webb, Littler, Arnold New Zealand: Darby, Elvidge, Wilkins, Wright, George New South Wales: Colley, Robertson, Rahilly, Gluyas, Maxfield Queensland: Coates, Watts, Kelly, Paget, Hicks 1908 Melbourne Carnival The 1908 Melbourne Carnival was the inaugural Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition, held in Melbourne in August\",\n \"title\": \"1908 Melbourne Carnival\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7550537\",\n \"text\": \"matches, culminating in a 56-point win against Williamstown in the Grand Final. It was the first perfect season in the VFA/VFL first division since 1918. The Port Melbourne Football Club team of the century was chosen in 2003, combining all the clubs greats from across its long history. The Centenary Cup was a once-off knock-out competition held during 1977, and is not counted amongst Port Melbourne's total premiership statistics. Runners-ups (21): 1902, 1923, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1945, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1987, 1993, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2012 Minor Premierships (20): 1941, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953,\",\n \"title\": \"Port Melbourne Football Club\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6650873\",\n \"text\": \"VFL season, where Melbourne won the premiership after having finished sixth out of the eight teams after the home-and-away season (ahead of Carlton and St Kilda) with a record of 6-8. The new finals system caused problems in 1901 when Geelong finished on top of the ladder but was immediately eliminated when defeated in the semi final. A \\\"right of challenge\\\" was introduced, giving the team that finished on top at the end of the regular season (the \\\"minor premier\\\") the right to challenge if they lost the semi final or the final. This challenge match came to be called\",\n \"title\": \"AFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12532237\",\n \"text\": \"1941 VFL Grand Final The 1941 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 1941. It was the 45th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1940 VFL season. The match, attended by 79,687 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 29 points, marking that club's fifth premiership victory. By claiming their third successive premiership, Melbourne joined Carlton and Collingwood as the only clubs to achieve the feat.\",\n \"title\": \"1941 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13788537\",\n \"text\": \"Mirko Bazic was replaced by former Knights player Ian Dobson. These player losses were made up for with emerging talent in Josip Šimunić, Tom Pondeljak, Ante Kovačević and Ice Kutlesovski. The 1995/96 season was an extremely tight one, with only 6 points separating first and sixth at the conclusion of the regular season. Melbourne Knights stormed home with 6 wins from its final 7 matches to finish second, only a point behind Minor Premiers Marconi Fairfield. In the finals the Melbourne Knights defeated Marconi over 2 legs, booking a spot in their 5th Grand Final. In the Grand Final the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Melbourne Knights FC\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10088742\",\n \"text\": \"raced cross-field towards the Balmain line and sent a cut-out pass to Billy Smith 25 yards out from the tryline. The centre made further inroads before channeling a pass to Johnny King who sped down the left wing for 20 yards to score a diving try. Test winger Johnny King thus kept intact his grand final record with this being his fifth successive try in a decider. Eighteen-year-old Dennis Tutty stood out for the Tigers, providing reliable cover defence that stopped the Dragons on numerous occasions. For St. George, Smith and Langlands had strong games with Langlands tallying 72 points\",\n \"title\": \"1964 NSWRFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10604048\",\n \"text\": \"Don Williams (footballer) Don Williams (3 November 1935 – 19 October 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne during the 1950s and 1960s. Williams was a half-back flanker and five time premiership player with Melbourne, including their successive triumphs in 1955, 1956 and 1957. After being dropped to the bench in the 1959 grand final he decided to leave the club and spent the 1960 season with West Perth, who won the WAFL Grand Final in that year. He represented Western Australia in the Brisbane Carnival where Western Australia defeated Victoria for the first time. He returned\",\n \"title\": \"Don Williams (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8689091\",\n \"text\": \"of Australia's 100 greatest players between 1908 and 2007, which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia. In 2008, the Western Suburbs Magpies celebrated their centenary by inducting six inaugural members into the club's Hall of Fame. These six included Summons. Summons is the subject of one of the most memorable sporting photographic images ever captured in Australia. The 1963 NSW Rugby League Premiership grand final between long term rivals Western Suburbs and St George was played in a torrential downpour on Saturday, 24 August. This, combined with the fact that the\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Summons\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11705867\",\n \"text\": \"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer) Peter McLean (6 May 1941 – 4 April 2009) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. A utility player, McLean was a reserve in Melbourne's 1964 VFL Grand Final win over Collingwood which gave him the perfect end to his debut year. In 1966 he reunited with his former coach Ron Barassi at Carlton and was a member of their 1968 premiership side. It would be his final league season and he thus earned the distinction of being a premiership player in\",\n \"title\": \"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19346773\",\n \"text\": \"The match was preceded by the 2016 National Youth Competition Grand Final and the 2016 NRL State Championship. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by Keith Urban and former Bon Jovi guitarist Richie Sambora with Orianthi. The match was broadcast live throughout in Australia by the Nine Network. The Melbourne Storm qualified for their sixth grand final in ten years after appearing in the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2012 deciders, although their only recognised premiership was in 2012 after their 2007 and 2009 titles were withheld due to systemic salary cap breaches. Only coach Craig Bellamy and halfback Cooper Cronk have\",\n \"title\": \"2016 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6184515\",\n \"text\": \"#6 Nebraska 10–7. Notable members of the 1964 Arkansas team include Jerry Jones, who would later become a billionaire as owner of the Dallas Cowboys of the NFL, and Jimmy Johnson, whom Jones would hire as coach of the Cowboys. #5 Michigan routed #8 Oregon State 34–7 in the Rose Bowl, while in the Sugar Bowl, #7 LSU beat unranked Syracuse 10–7 on a late field goal. A five-member committee of the Football Writers Association of America awarded Arkansas the \\\"Grantland Rice Trophy\\\" as the #1 team in a poll taken after the bowl games. The Helms Athletic Foundation, which\",\n \"title\": \"1964 college football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10088741\",\n \"text\": \"time in nine grand finals the Dragons trailed at half-time (4-2) with Balmain in the lead after penalty goals from Keith \\\"Golden Boots\\\" Barnes. The turning point of the match came five minutes into the second half. The Tigers were defending their own line with some desperate tackling when they received a relieving penalty from referee Pearce. Balmain's Bob Boland put in a big punt which at first looked like a good touch finder. To Balmain's horror, Graeme Langlands stretched and then caught the ball with his boots only an inch or two from the touchline. The champion fullback then\",\n \"title\": \"1964 NSWRFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8460239\",\n \"text\": \"Gladiators - Provan is the subject of one of the most memorable sporting photographic images ever captured in Australia. The 1963 NSW Rugby League Premiership grand final between long term rivals Western Suburbs and St George was played in a torrential downpour on Saturday, 24 August. This, combined with the fact that the centre cricket pitch area of Sydney Cricket Ground was notoriously muddy in such conditions, ensured that the players were not only saturated but also caked in mud from head to toe. At the conclusion of the hard fought match, which was won by St George, the captains\",\n \"title\": \"Norm Provan\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17733431\",\n \"text\": \"1964 VFA season The 1964 Victorian Football Association season was the 83rd season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the fourth season of its second division. The Division 1 premiership was won by the Port Melbourne Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 26 September by 36 points; it was Port Melbourne's 8th VFA premiership. The Division 2 premiership was won by Geelong West, in only its second season in the VFA. Less than a month before the 1964 season, the defending Division 1 premier club, Moorabbin, was suspended from the\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFA season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6184518\",\n \"text\": \"Press (writers) final poll<br> Published on November 25 Denotes team played a game after AP poll, hence record differs in UPI poll United Press International (coaches) final poll<br> Published on December 3 The postseason consisted of four bowls as regional finals, played on December 12. In the NAIA championship game, the Cobbers of Minnesota's Concordia College and the Bearkats of Sam Houston State University played to a 7–7 tie. 1964 college football season The NCAA was without a playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A, during the 20th century. The NCAA\",\n \"title\": \"1964 college football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10426359\",\n \"text\": \"Melbourne Storm faced off in a minor premiership showdown in which the Melbourne Storm won 26-6 in AAMI Park. They went on to defeat the Raiders in the Week 1 qualifying final 16-14 and earning the week off. Advancing to the Preliminary final, they defeated defending premiers North Queensland Cowboys 32-20 at the Sydney Football Stadium. They would face and defeat the Melbourne Storm in the 2016 NRL Grand Final. The Sharks, after leading 8-0 at half-time, prevailed in a gripping affair 14-12 to claim their first premiership in the club's 50-year history. Sharks second rower Luke Lewis was awarded\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11992824\",\n \"text\": \"point in the Semi Final found themselves competing in just their second ever Grand Final and first since 1913, which they lost to Fitzroy. Essendon on the other hand last won a Premiership three years previously. The Bombers set up their win in the third quarter, scoring five goals to just one by the Saints. Ted Fordham kicked seven goals for Essendon. 1965 VFL Grand Final The 1965 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1965.\",\n \"title\": \"1965 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5896069\",\n \"text\": \"a better win-loss record than Melbourne: the match was organized by the VFA to resolve a dispute between the two clubs. In 1897, when eight teams broke away from the VFA to form the VFL, the concept of finals football was high on the agenda, with teams buoyed by the success and attendances of the 1896 Grand Final. Over the following ten years, all top-level Australian football leagues adopted a finals structure. In 1931 the VFL adopted a system, the Page–McIntyre system, which ensured a grand final, and the concept became entrenched. The New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL)\",\n \"title\": \"Grand final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13892811\",\n \"text\": \"Melbourne made the 1967 Grand Final, but could not overcome Dandenong, coached by ex-St Kilda footballer Alan Morrow. The match, regarded as one of the controversial and violent grand finals in history, almost ended in the second quarter when Buckley threatened to lead his team-mates off the field in protest against the umpiring. He was also the captain-coach of Port Melbourne in the 1968 season; Port Melbourne finished fifth. In all he played 49 games for Port Melbourne, kicked 8 goals, and finished third in the club's best an fairest in 1967. In 1978 and 1979 he assisted Bryan Quirk\",\n \"title\": \"Brian Buckley (footballer, born 1935)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15906609\",\n \"text\": \"system previously used by the ARL in the 1990s. The 2012 Premiership was won by the Melbourne Storm, officially the club's second following the removal of their 2007 and 2009 premierships, among other titles, due to salary cap breaches exposed in April 2010. They defeated minor premiers the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs 14-4 in the Grand Final, which was held on Sunday 30 September at ANZ Stadium in Sydney. Halfway through the 2012 season, the NRL's Chief Executive Officer David Gallop stood down from his role after just over a decade in the role. Records Set on 2012 For details on the\",\n \"title\": \"2012 NRL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10088740\",\n \"text\": \"1964 NSWRFL season The 1964 NSWRFL season was the fifty-seventh season of Sydney's professional rugby league football competition, the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership, Australia's first. Ten clubs from across the city competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and the WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Balmain. St George captain-coach Norm Provan was matching up against his younger brother (& former Dragon) Peter, who had moved to the Tigers in 1961. The Tigers defence was strong throughout a dour first half and for the first\",\n \"title\": \"1964 NSWRFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12556175\",\n \"text\": \"1964 Australian Grand Prix The 1964 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Sandown Park circuit in suburban Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 9 February 1964. It was the twenty ninth Australian Grand Prix and was also Round 5 of the 1964 Tasman Series and Round 1 of the 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship. The race was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National Formula or the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. Defending winner Jack Brabham won the race driving a Repco Brabham. It was his third and final Australian Grand Prix victory. Results as follows: A \\\"science-fiction\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"1964 Australian Grand Prix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13476238\",\n \"text\": \"percentage, as both clubs had finished the home and away season with 13 wins and a draw. Geelong's premiership win was their last until 2007. Umpire - Jeff Crouch 1963 VFL Grand Final The 1963 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 5 October 1963. It was the 67th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1963 VFL season. The match, attended by 101,209 spectators, was won by Geelong by a\",\n \"title\": \"1963 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10167757\",\n \"text\": \"1966 NSWRFL season 1966's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 59th season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten clubs from across the city competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and the WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a replay of the 1964 grand final between St. George and Balmain. 1966 was the last season played under the unlimited tackle rule. Balmain, with their talented raw rookie recruit Arthur Beetson, appeared to be about to topple the Dragons from their long-held perch when the Tigers won eleven consecutive regular\",\n \"title\": \"1966 NSWRFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15727854\",\n \"text\": \"appeared as one of South Melbourne's followers in the 1907 Grand Final, which ended in a Carlton victory. He appeared in all possible 21 games for South Melbourne in 1909, including their grand final win, when they reversed the result from two years earlier and defeated Carlton. From 1912, until the war, Kerr played for Prahran. Alex Kerr (footballer) Alexander Kerr (13 November 1880 – 1 February 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Kerr, known by his nickname of \\\"Bubs\\\", was a rover, recruited from Metropolitan Junior Football Association\",\n \"title\": \"Alex Kerr (footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14959059\",\n \"text\": \"David Norman (Australian footballer) David Norman (born 1 April 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. Norman starred for North Ballarat in the 1960 BFL season and won the league's \\\"Best and Fairest\\\" award, known as the Henderson Medal. The following season he joined Collingwood where he would spend six seasons as a rover and small forward. Known for his strength and courage, Norman appeared as a half forward flanker in the 1964 VFL Grand Final but ended up on the losing team. He kicked a career\",\n \"title\": \"David Norman (Australian footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4004149\",\n \"text\": \"years of Reynolds' approach, that is not astonishing), Coleman surprised many by leading the Bombers to the premiership in 1962. The team performed brilliantly, losing only two games for the year and crushing Carlton in the Grand Final. During his playing days Coleman had developed a special loathing for umpires and they were often the target of his venomous tongue as a coach. Essendon suffered a premiership hangover and finished fifth in the 1963. They were subsequently eliminated in the first semi-final of the 1964. Another flag followed in the 1965, when Essendon achieved the rare feat of winning from\",\n \"title\": \"John Coleman (Australian footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13338560\",\n \"text\": \"(16) in the Reserve Grade preliminary final. He also played in the St Kilda Reserves team (with two of his Caulfield Grammar classmates, Graeme Vorrath and John Dowling) that lost the Grand Final against Geelong, 13.12 (90) to 7.11 (53), on Saturday, 5 October 1963, in front of a crowd of 101,452 spectators at the MCG. He made his senior league debut for St Kilda, playing at full back (in place of the injured Verdun Howell), on Saturday, 18 July 1964 (round 13), in a five-point loss to Footscray at the Western Oval, 10.10 (70) to 11.9 (75), in which\",\n \"title\": \"Geoff Grover\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10095302\",\n \"text\": \"season had finished, the 1964 VFL \\\"Premiers\\\" were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page-McIntyre System. The night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season. Final: Footscray 11.12 (78) defeated St Kilda 11.7 (73). 1964 VFL season The 1964 Victorian Football League season was the 68th season of the elite Australian rules football competition. In 1964, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the\",\n \"title\": \"1964 VFL season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11321725\",\n \"text\": \"silver in honour of the centenary grand final. Sydney were playing in a Grand Final for the first time since relocating from South Melbourne. It was the Swans' first appearance in a premiership decider since losing the 1945 VFL Grand Final, while it was North Melbourne's first since losing the 1978 VFL Grand Final. At the conclusion of the home and away season, Sydney had finished first on the AFL ladder with 16 wins and 5 losses and one draw, winning the McClelland Trophy. North Melbourne had finished second with 16 wins and 6 losses. The lead-up to the game\",\n \"title\": \"1996 AFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11457967\",\n \"text\": \"the 1934 VFL Grand Final it was Richmond which emerged victorious. South Melbourne did not win another premiership for 72 years, eventually winning the 2005 AFL Grand Final — as the \\\"Sydney Swans\\\" — having relocating to Sydney in 1982. South Melbourne: Richmond: 1933 VFL Grand Final The 1933 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Richmond Football Club and South Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 1933. It was the 37th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the\",\n \"title\": \"1933 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12556176\",\n \"text\": \"version of the 1964 Australian Grand Prix was depicted five years before it took place in the American film \\\"On the Beach\\\" (1959), based on the Nevil Shute novel of the same name. 1964 Australian Grand Prix The 1964 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Sandown Park circuit in suburban Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 9 February 1964. It was the twenty ninth Australian Grand Prix and was also Round 5 of the 1964 Tasman Series and Round 1 of the 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship. The race was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National\",\n \"title\": \"1964 Australian Grand Prix\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13825253\",\n \"text\": \"that club's sixth premiership victory. The two teams would not meet again in a Grand Final until 1957, with Melbourne winning by 61 points. Melbourne sprung a series of surprise selections during the 1948 finals series. After spending most of the season as playing coach of the reserves team, veteran forward Jack Mueller was recalled for the preliminary final against and kicked eight goals. However, centre half-back Alan McGowan was reported during the match and subsequently suspended. Ruckman Denis Cordner would take his place for the Grand Final. Umpire - Jack McMurray Melbourne Essendon 1948 VFL Grand Final The 1948\",\n \"title\": \"1948 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11705868\",\n \"text\": \"his first and last season, in both cases as a reserve. Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer) Peter McLean (6 May 1941 – 4 April 2009) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. A utility player, McLean was a reserve in Melbourne's 1964 VFL Grand Final win over Collingwood which gave him the perfect end to his debut year. In 1966 he reunited with his former coach Ron Barassi at Carlton and was a member of their 1968 premiership side. It would be his final league season and\",\n \"title\": \"Peter McLean (Australian rules footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10305484\",\n \"text\": \"Ian Cooper (Australian footballer, born 1946) Ian Charles Cooper (born 2 April 1946) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League during the 1960s. In a retrospective poll by a team of experts, Cooper was voted best afield in the 1966 VFL Grand Final, which St Kilda won. It was St Kilda's first and (as of 2014) only VFL/AFL premiership by a margin of one point over Collingwood. Cooper's VFL career was cut short by rheumatic fever. In 1970 and 1971, Cooper played for Swan Districts in the West Australian National Football\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Cooper (Australian footballer, born 1946)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18783209\",\n \"text\": \"fan favourite, Catley created history when she was voted as the first female to appear on the cover of the video game FIFA 16. The club created history in its inaugural 2015–16 season, winning all 12 of its regular season games to become Premiers (regular-season winners) and becoming Champions by winning the 2016 W-League Grand Final, completing a perfect season. In the following season, City suffered a six-match winless run during the middle part of the season before storming back into the finals series and claiming a second successive championship in the 2017 Grand Final. This achievement meant the club\",\n \"title\": \"Melbourne City FC (W-League)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6184508\",\n \"text\": \"October 10. Visiting #4 Ohio State shut out #2 Illinois 26–0 in the Big Ten, and #3 Alabama beat North Carolina State 21-0. #5 Kentucky, previously 3–0, was beaten 48–6 by Florida State, the start of a four-game losing streak en route to a 5–5 season. Two road wins moved teams into the top five: #6 Notre Dame won 34–7 at Air Force and #8 Michigan won 17–10 at Michigan State.<br>The top 5 were 1.Texas 2.Ohio State 3.Alabama 4.Notre Dame 5.Michigan. On October 17, #8 Arkansas beat #1 Texas at Austin, 14–13, stopping a late two-point conversion attempt. #2 Ohio\",\n \"title\": \"1964 college football season\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3374650\",\n \"text\": \"Britain was selected that night and, but for his injury, Sattler would have been picked as captain. The Cricket Ground hosted what many consider to be the toughest grand final of all in 1973 when defending premiers Manly-Warringah faced the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, who were playing in their first ever grand final after joining the competition in 1967. The Sharks were Captain-coached by Great Britain halfback Tommy Bishop and had a forward pack led by his tough St. Helens and GB teammate Cliff Watson and 1973 Rothmans Medallist Ken Maddison, along with goal kicking 18-year-old whiz-kid centre Steve Rogers. Manly were\",\n \"title\": \"Sydney Cricket Ground\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19935700\",\n \"text\": \"8th position, and the first club to qualify from 8th under the current final eight system that was implemented in 2012. Claiming their third minor premiership, the Melbourne Storm finished the regular season on 44 competition points, six points clear of the second placed Sydney Roosters in losing only 4 games from 24 matches. Their points differential of +297 was their highest amount since 2008. With a two-game home ground advantage, they defeated the fourth-placed Parramatta Eels 18–16 to earn a week off and a place in the grand final qualifier, where they would beat the Brisbane Broncos 30–0 to\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19935711\",\n \"text\": \"his sheer pace and vision. By winning the Grand Final, the Melbourne Storm qualified for the 2018 World Club Challenge against the Super League XXII champions Leeds Rhinos. The match would be staged in Australia for only the fourth time, where the Storm defeated the Rhinos 38–4. American rapper Macklemore was booked to perform four songs, accompanied by singers Eric Nally and Mary Lambert, including \\\"Same Love\\\". The song topped the Australian charts in 2013, and was regarded as an anthem for same-sex marriage advocates during the campaign in Macklemore's home state of Washington. In the days leading up to\",\n \"title\": \"2017 NRL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11313410\",\n \"text\": \"1966 VFL Grand Final The 1966 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1966. It was the 70th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1966 VFL season. The match, attended by 102,055 spectators, was won by St Kilda by a margin of one point, marking that club's first and only premiership victory to date. Twenty-five minutes into the final quarter and with scores level, Collingwood's Wayne\",\n \"title\": \"1966 VFL Grand Final\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6184509\",\n \"text\": \"State beat the USC Trojans in Columbus, 17–0. #3 Alabama and #4 Notre Dame remained unbeaten, defeating Tennessee (19–8) and UCLA (24–0) respectively. #5 Michigan lost to Purdue 21–20. Ohio State was the new #1. #6 Nebraska, which had beaten Kansas State 47–0 (and outscored its opponents 171–34 in five wins), took over fifth place.<br>The rankings were 1.Ohio State 2.Notre Dame 3.Alabama 4.Arkansas 5.Nebraska. October 24 had #1 Ohio State over Wisconsin at home, 28–3. #2 Notre Dame beat Stanford 26–7, #3 Alabama beat Florida 17–14. #4 Arkansas beat Wichita State 17–0, and #5 Nebraska beat Colorado 21–3. The top\",\n \"title\": \"1964 college football season\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who did melbourne beat in the 1964 grand final"}}},{"rowIdx":295,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Gillian Jacobs"],"string":"[\n \"Gillian Jacobs\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"19661703","text":"Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third film directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following \"Tammy\" (2014) and \"The Boss\" (2016). The film, starring McCarthy, Molly Gordon, Gillian Jacobs, Jessie Ennis, Adria Arjona, Maya Rudolph, Julie Bowen, Matt Walsh, Debby Ryan, with Stephen Root and Jacki Weaver, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up bonding with her daughter's friends. Produced by On the Day Productions","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19661715","text":"of self-indulgence and tedium, even if it's well-meaning in its intentions.\" Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third film directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following \"Tammy\" (2014) and \"The Boss\" (2016). The film, starring McCarthy, Molly Gordon, Gillian Jacobs, Jessie Ennis, Adria Arjona, Maya Rudolph, Julie Bowen, Matt Walsh, Debby Ryan, with Stephen Root and Jacki Weaver, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19302831","text":"Chad Michael Murray would star as Peggy Carter, Edwin Jarvis, Daniel Sousa, Whitney Frost, Jason Wilkes, and Jack Thompson, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Currie Graham as Calvin Chadwick, Lotte Verbeek as Ana Jarvis, Bridget Regan as Dottie Underwood, Kurtwood Smith as Vernon Masters, Josh Latzer as guard, Hayley McCarthy as Melody, John Kerry as Mortimer Hayes, Ray Wise as Hugh Jones and Casey Sander as Thomas Gloucester. Latzer, McCarthy, and Kerry did not receive guest star credit in the episode, while Everett and Austin received guest star credit instead of","title":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)"},{"id":"20362280","text":"career as a hairstylist. Starting in 2009, Gardner began taking classes at The Groundlings theatre in Los Angeles. In 2014, she joined the Sunday Company, and a year later she was promoted to the Main Company. During that time, she became a voice actress, regularly appearing on animated series such as \"Bratz\", \"SuperMansion\", and \"Mike Tyson Mysteries\". On September 26, 2017, it was announced that Gardner would be a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" for its forty-third season. In 2018, she played the supporting role of Leonor in the Ben Falcone-directed film \"Life of the Party\", alongside Melissa McCarthy.","title":"Heidi Gardner"},{"id":"19661714","text":"than it hits.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B\" on an A+ to F scale, higher than the \"C+\" earned by McCarthy and Falcone's previous two film collaborations. Matt Zoller-Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film two out of four stars, calling it \"the latest Melissa McCarthy star vehicle that fails to do justice to the sheer awesomeness of its leading lady.\" Leigh Monson from Birth.MoviesDeath wrote, \"One hundred minutes","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19661705","text":"Sandy to tell them what happened, but Mike is frustrated because Dan made Deanna drop out of her college because she was pregnant, as well as his overbearing ways during their marriage. Deanna goes to see Maddie in her dorm to tell the news about her divorce and her plans to study again at the university to earn a degree in Archaeology. Maddie initially has doubts about her plan but she ultimately accepts it. Maddie introduces Deanna to her friends—Amanda, neurotic Debbie, and Helen. Deanna later meets her agoraphobic and chronically depressed roommate Leonor. On the first day of school,","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"8190697","text":"Gillian Jacobs Gillian MacLaren Jacobs (; born October 19, 1982) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Britta Perry on the NBC/Yahoo! Screen comedy series \"Community\" and Mickey Dobbs on the Netflix series \"Love\". Jacobs had a recurring role as Mimi-Rose Howard on the fourth season of the HBO series \"Girls\" and has appeared in films such as \"Gardens of the Night\" (2008), \"The Lookalike\" (2014), \"Life Partners\" (2014), \"Hot Tub Time Machine 2\" (2015), \"Don't Think Twice\" (2016), \"Brother Nature\" (2016), \"Life of the Party\" (2018) and \"Ibiza\" (2018). Jacobs was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her parents,","title":"Gillian Jacobs"},{"id":"19661713","text":"its third week); 80% of its audience was over the age of 25, while 70% was female. It fell 57% in its second weekend, to $7.6 million, finishing fourth at the box office, and another 33% to $5.1 million in its third, finishing fifth. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 38% based on 129 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Life of the Party\"s good-natured humor and abundance of onscreen talent aren't enough to make up for jumbled direction and a script that misses far more often","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19661704","text":"and New Line Cinema, the film was released on May 11, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics, who called it \"a frustratingly middling comedy that never really figures out what to do with all that talent and fails to produce consistent laughs.\" After dropping off their daughter Maddie to her senior year at Decatur University in Atlanta, Dan tells Deanna that he wants a divorce because he has fallen in love with another woman, a realtor Marcie, and he also wants to sell their house under his name. Heartbroken, Deanna visits her parents Mike and","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19661709","text":"check to pay her tuition, but Deanna refuses to take it. The party is not a success and a suspicious Jennifer smells a rat and confronts Helen, telling her that if Aguilera doesn't show up in 3 seconds, Jennifer will put Helen in another coma. The two girls engage in a fist fight until Deanna steps in and intervenes, telling the two girls that they shouldn't be fighting and they should behave like friends. Finally, Aguilera (who turns out to be Leonor’s cousin) arrives and she puts on a show with Deanna and the girls to an excited crowd while","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"2654711","text":"with Estelle Winwood on ABC's \"The Donna Reed Show\" in the episode \"Miss Lovelace Comes to Tea\" (1959). Dumont, usually playing her dignified dowager character, appeared with other film comedians and actors, including Wheeler and Woolsey and George \"Spanky\" McFarland (\"Kentucky Kernels\", 1934); Joe Penner (\"Here, Prince\" 1932, and \"The Life of the Party\" 1937); Lupe Vélez (\"High Flyers\", 1937); W.C. Fields (\"Never Give a Sucker an Even Break\", 1941, and \"Tales of Manhattan\" 1942); Laurel and Hardy (\"The Dancing Masters\", 1943); Red Skelton (\"Bathing Beauty\", 1944); Jack Benny (\"The Horn Blows at Midnight\", 1945); George \"Gabby\" Hayes (\"Sunset in","title":"Margaret Dumont"},{"id":"19302832","text":"regular starring. Graham, Verbeek, Regan, Smith, Wise, and Sander reprise their roles from earlier in the series. \"Life of the Party\" was first aired in the United States on ABC on February 16, 2016. In the United States the episode received a 0.7/2 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 0.7 percent of all households, and 2 percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. It was watched by 2.39 million viewers. Life of the Party (Agent Carter) \"Life of the Party\" is the sixth","title":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)"},{"id":"19661711","text":"in the process, angering Marcie. Filming began in August 2016 in the metro Atlanta area. The sorority house used in the film is The Twelve Oaks Bed & Breakfast (www.thetwelveoaks.com) located in Covington, GA. The interior of the mansion was replicated in a warehouse in Decatur, GA for the interior scenes and the exterior scenes were filmed on location at the inn. \"Life of the Party\" was released on May 11, 2018. The first official trailer for the film was released on February 5, 2018. \"Life of the Party\" grossed 52.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $12.8","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"19302828","text":"by regular cast members James D'Arcy, Chad Michael Murray, and Enver Gjokaj. \"Life of the Party\" originally aired on ABC on February 16, 2016, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 2.39 million viewers. Jason Wilkes returns to the real world but worries that at any moment he could be drawn away completely. He designs a containment chamber for himself, but requires more Zero Matter. Peggy Carter realizes that Whitney Frost is now the only source of Zero Matter, but is still too injured to get it herself. Instead, she breaks Dottie Underwood out of custody and sends","title":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)"},{"id":"19661706","text":"she meets demeaning girls, Jennifer and her friend Trina (Yani Simone), who mocks Deanna's age. Deanna later signed the divorce papers, with her best friend Christine on her side, as well as Dan and Marcie. At night, Maddie and her friends take Deanna to the party, where she meets a boy named Jack, who later falls in love with her and, the next day, they have sex inside the library. In another night, they attend an 80's-themed party where Deanna has a dance-off with Jennifer, resulting in earning the respect of her schoolmates. Deanna later has stage fright during her","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"16507334","text":"Mt. Hood Independent Film Festival in the state of Oregon U.S.A.. The film went on to win Best Horror/Thriller at the festival. The film was released 29 April 2014 Video on Demand release with Gravitas Ventures. His second feature, Life of the Party, starring Holly Brisley completed filiming December 2016 . Life of the Party premiered on the 14th of September 2018 at the Arena Cinelounge Sunset Los Angeles in the U.S. state of California. Life of the Party the screenplay that was co written by Budd has been picked up by the Oscars Foundation to display in the Library","title":"Michael Budd"},{"id":"3825724","text":"Boss\" and \"Ghostbusters\". In 2018, she stars in the comedy films \"Life of the Party\", \"The Happytime Murders\", and the critically acclaimed biographical comedy-drama \"Can You Ever Forgive Me?\" for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Satellite Award, and others accolades. McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded On the Day, a production company. In 2015, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, launched her clothing line, \"Melissa McCarthy Seven7\", and was named the third highest-paid actress in the world by \"Forbes\". In 2016, \"Forbes\" named her the world's second","title":"Melissa McCarthy"},{"id":"18072704","text":"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) \"Life of the Party\" is a 2012 song performed by American recording artist Emcee N.I.C.E. and features the singing debut of actress Stacey Dash and newcomer Blake Smith. It was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. It serves as the remix to the original version produced by Kelly Keys in which features just Blake Smith. It was the lead single from Emcee N.I.C.E.’s 2015 debut studio album, \"However U Want It\". The song was written by Aulsondro “Novelist” Hamilton with Stacey Dash joining in on the remix. It came out on October 12, 2012","title":"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)"},{"id":"19665378","text":"one of their favorite characters. This role brought Purser to international fame, and earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series nomination. Purser portrays Ethel Muggs in The CW's teen drama series \"Riverdale\", and had a minor role in the 2018 comedy film \"Life of the Party\" which ended up being cut. In January 2017, it was reported that she had landed the titular role in the 2018 film \"Sierra Burgess Is a Loser\". Purser portrayed Annabelle Bowman, a member of the drama troupe at Stanton High, in the NBC Drama \"Rise,\" in a","title":"Shannon Purser"},{"id":"5649824","text":"Susan Penhaligon Susan Penhaligon (born 3 July 1949) is a British actress and writer. She is known for her role in the drama series \"Bouquet of Barbed Wire\" (1976), and for playing Helen Barker in the sitcom \"A Fine Romance\" (1981–84). She also appeared in the soap opera \"Emmerdale\" (2006). Her film appearances include \"No Sex Please, We're British\" (1973) and Paul Verhoeven's \"Soldier of Orange\" (1977). Penhaligon was born in Manila but returned with her family to Cornwall, aged 6. She spent her formative years living in St. Ives and Falmouth. Aged 11 she was sent to boarding school","title":"Susan Penhaligon"},{"id":"19302830","text":"kills Chadwick and several of the Council, proclaiming herself in control of the remainder. Masters and Thompson capture Underwood, but the Zero Matter sample is left behind. Masters insists that Thompson \"destroy\" Carter; he tries to convince her to return to New York, but fails. Underwood ends up in Frost's control. In February 2016, Marvel announced that the sixth episode of the season would be titled \"Life of the Party\", to be written by Eric Pearson, with Craig Zisk directing. In February 2016, Marvel revealed that main cast members Hayley Atwell, James D'Arcy, Enver Gjokaj, Wynn Everett, Reggie Austin, and","title":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)"},{"id":"19661712","text":"million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $65.7 million. In the United States and Canada, \"Life of the Party\" was released alongside \"Breaking In\", and was projected to gross $18–21 million from 3,656 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $4.9 million on its first day, including $700,000 from Thursday night previews, down from the $985,000 McCarthy's \"The Boss\" grossed in March 2016, and similar to the $650,000 grossed by \"Snatched\" on the Thursday before the same weekend the previous year. The film went on to debut to $17.9 million, and finished second behind \"\" ($62 million in","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"7251467","text":"Ingrid Lacey Ingrid Marcella Lacey (born 6 November 1958) is a British actress. She is known for her role as Helen Cooper in the Channel 4 sitcom \"Drop the Dead Donkey\" (1993–98). Her film appearances include \"Funny Man\" (1994), \"In Love and War\" (1996) and \"The Cat's Meow\" (2001). Lacey is best known for her role as Helen Cooper in \"Drop the Dead Donkey\". She was born in Surrey, UK and educated at Godalming College and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 1981. She has acted in films, radio, TV series and theatre productions, such as","title":"Ingrid Lacey"},{"id":"19302827","text":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter) \"Life of the Party\" is the sixth episode of the second season of the American television series \"Agent Carter\", inspired by the films \"\" and \"\", and the Marvel One-Shot short film also titled \"Agent Carter\". It features the Marvel Comics character Peggy Carter teaming up with former adversary Dottie Underwood, and is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The episode was written by Eric Pearson and directed by Craig Zisk. Hayley Atwell reprises her role as Carter from the film series, and is joined","title":"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)"},{"id":"2625702","text":"Crow\". Tarbuck played Helen Golightly in the BBC radio programme \"Clare in the Community\" from series 5 to series 9, taking over from Gemma Craven for BBC Radio 4. She has also appeared in other shows for BBC Radio 4, such as \"Just a Minute\" and a story about Jayne Mansfield. In December 2016 she presented \"Remembering Ronnie Corbett\", a tribute to the late comedy star. In October 2017 she appeared on \"Front Row\" with Harry Hill. In December 2017 she was a guest on \"Saturday Live\". In January 2018 she was a guest on \"Great Lives \", talking about","title":"Liza Tarbuck"},{"id":"19997848","text":"Donald James Parker. He landed his first movie role at the age of 17 in the movie Dog Years starring Burt Reynolds, Chevy Chase, and Ariel Winter, and was directed by Adam Rifkin. Walter landed a role in the movie \"Life of the Party\", directed by Ben Falcone, starring Melissa McCarthy, Stephen Root, Maya Rudolph, Matt Walsh, and Christina Aguilera. He began his television debut at the age of 18 when he started working with Jupiter Entertainment starring in TV series made for Investigation Discovery such as Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda, Murder Calls, and #Murder. Walter James Billingham II","title":"Walter James Billingham II"},{"id":"18072706","text":"Smith & Stacey Dash. The track was digitally edited and arranged by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. The original version, slower with an R&B, Hip Hop vibe was produced by Kelly Keys. However both versions were recorded and mixed by Dan “Deezy” Naim at “The Cave” Woodland Hills, California. The song was later mastered by Big Bass Brain Gardner at the infamous Bernie Grunmand Mastering lab in Hollywood, California. \"Life of the Party\" plays for 3 minutes and 57 seconds in common time and at a tempo of 123 beats per minute. It is a dance, dubstep, R&B, and hip hop song","title":"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)"},{"id":"19661708","text":"from Dan, making Deanna filled with shame. Deanna tries to make amends with Maddie, but she tells her that she is leaving college since she has no means of completing the rest of the year on her own. The girls then come up with a plan to throw a party to raise money to pay for Deanna's tuition. Since everyone is at Christina Aguilera concert, Helen posts the message on her Twitter, claiming Aguilera will be at the party after her show. Christine shows up with her husband, as do Mike and Sandy. Mike offers to give Deanna a 401K","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"16214314","text":"Ben Falcone Benjamin Scott Falcone (born August 25, 1973) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. He is married to actress Melissa McCarthy, with whom he has two children. He had co-starring roles in \"What to Expect When You're Expecting\" and \"Enough Said\", and also had small roles in \"Bridesmaids\", \"Identity Thief\", \"The Heat\", and \"Life of the Party\" all of which starred his wife. Falcone made his directorial debut in 2014 with \"Tammy\", which he co-wrote with McCarthy, and also directed, co-wrote and produced \"The Boss\" and \"Life of the Party\", all of which starred McCarthy. Falcone was born","title":"Ben Falcone"},{"id":"6145262","text":"Aneta Corsaut Aneta Louise Corsaut (November 3, 1933November 6, 1995) was an American actress and writer. She is best known for playing Helen Crump on \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (1963–1968). Born in Hutchinson, Kansas, Corsaut was the daughter of Jesse Harrison and Opal J. (née Swarens) Corsaut. She majored in drama at Northwestern University and studied acting with Lee Strasberg. During her junior year, Corsaut dropped out to pursue a career in acting, although during the run of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Corsaut took courses at UCLA with plans to earn her degree. She began her acting career in New","title":"Aneta Corsaut"},{"id":"20326966","text":"third, behind \"\" ($62.1 million in its third week) and \"Life of the Party\" ($17.9 million); 68% of its audience was female while 73% was over the age of 25. It fell 61% in its second weekend to $6.8 million, finishing fifth at the box office, and another 41% to $4.1 million in its third, finishing sixth. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 76 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Breaking In\" is proof that Gabrielle Union deserves more leading roles — particularly in","title":"Breaking In (2018 film)"},{"id":"1743767","text":"owner Cameron Diaz. She filmed a cameo appearance for \"The Limey\", but her performance was cut from the movie. Ann-Margret also starred in several television films, including \"\" (1993) and \"Life of the Party\" (1999), the latter of which she received nominations for an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She made guest appearances on the television shows \"Touched by an Angel\" in 2000 and three episodes of \"Third Watch\" in 2003. In 2001, she made her first appearance in a stage musical, playing the character of brothel owner Mona Stangley in a new","title":"Ann-Margret"},{"id":"19661710","text":"a satisfied Jennifer is briefly seen recording the whole thing on her phone. Later on, Deanna is due to repeat her presentation in class. She is still nervous until Maddie, Helen, Amanda, Debbie, and all the sorority sisters show up to support her, and Deanna manages to give the presentation with ease. At the end of the year, Deanna and Maddie graduate together, with all their friends and family there to support them. Maddie encourages Deanna to throw her cap in the air. She does so, and it hits Dan in the face, losing an expensive earring he was wearing","title":"Life of the Party (2018 film)"},{"id":"2933766","text":"Patty Duke Anna Marie \"Patty\" Duke (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 2016) was an American actress, appearing on stage, film, and television. Her first big break came from her Academy Award winning performance at age 16 for portraying Helen Keller in \"The Miracle Worker\" (1962), a role that she had originated on Broadway. The following year she was given her own show, \"The Patty Duke Show,\" in which she played \"identical cousins\" Cathy and Patty Lane. She later progressed to more mature roles such as that of Neely O'Hara in the film \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1967). Over the","title":"Patty Duke"},{"id":"4074511","text":"\"Cybill\". (She had previously played Shepherd's mother in the 1972 film \"The Heartbreak Kid\".) She was married to Hardy Ulm, with whom she had five children, from 1943 until his death in 1970. She was then married to James Whitmore from 1972 to 1979. Lindley died of leukemia on October 16, 1997, at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Audra Lindley Audra Marie Lindley (September 24, 1918 – October 16, 1997) was an American actress, most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom \"Three's Company\" and its spin-off, \"The Ropers\". Born in Los Angeles, California, Lindley got her","title":"Audra Lindley"},{"id":"4853914","text":"include the comedy \"Old School\" (2003), the superhero film \"Daredevil\" (2003), the caper film \"Art Heist\" (2004), and the comedy drama \"Life of the Party\" (2005). In addition to her acting career, she has directed two episodes for \"Grey's Anatomy\" and also founded a production company Calamity Jane. Pompeo married producer Chris Ivery in 2007 and the couple have three children together. Ellen Kathleen Pompeo was born in Everett, Massachusetts, on November 10, 1969, the daughter of Joseph Pompeo and Kathleen Pompeo. Her father was of Italian, English, and Irish descent, while her mother was of Irish ancestry. She was","title":"Ellen Pompeo"},{"id":"19956988","text":"Tonight (Emcee N.I.C.E.) \"Tonight\" is a single by American/Puerto Rican rapper Emcee N.I.C.E.. It was released on October 4, 2014. It was produced by Kelly Keys, and features guest vocals from Suhana Machete. The single made its debut on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Single Sales Chart at #13 and remained on the charts for 13 weeks. \"Tonight\" is the follow up single to Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) that featured famed Actress and Fox News Correspondent Stacey Dash. \"Tonight\" debuted at number #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for the week of November 1, 2014. Its debut","title":"Tonight (Emcee N.I.C.E.)"},{"id":"2046984","text":"sold. By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies. In 1967, the book was adapted into the film of the same name, starring Barbara Parkins as Anne, Patty Duke as Neely, Sharon Tate as Jennifer, and Susan Hayward as Helen Lawson, the aging Broadway legend. Susann made a cameo appearance as a reporter at the scene of Jennifer North's suicide. \"Valley of the Dolls\" received scathing reviews, but was a widespread commercial success, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of its year with $44.4 million at the domestic box office, a huge amount for its time. Susann herself","title":"Jacqueline Susann"},{"id":"4042896","text":"Gloria Hendry Gloria Hendry (born March 3, 1949), also known inaccurately as Gloria Henry, is an American actress and former Playboy model. She is best known for her roles in films from the 1970s, most notably: portraying Rosie Carver in 1973's James Bond film \"Live and Let Die\", which was Roger Moore's first Bond film; and Helen Bradley in the blaxploitation film \"Black Caesar\", and the sequel, \"Hell Up in Harlem\". Hendry began her acting career in the 1968 Sidney Poitier film \"For Love of Ivy\", followed by a small role in the 1970 film \"The Landlord\". In 1973 she","title":"Gloria Hendry"},{"id":"7319172","text":"of Lost Shoes\" scheduled to release in the fall of 2014. He just shot a new pilot for ABC Signature Studios and Amazon in Virginia called \"Point of Honor\". He wrapped 2 films at the end of 2015 that will be released in 2016. In \"Measure of a Man\" he stars opposite Luke Wilson and Donald Sutherland and also be looking for Luke's latest film to be released in 2018 starring opposite Melissa McCarthy called \"Life of the Party\". Aaron's wife is an actress as well. She was the first on-air personality for CMT when she hosted a show called","title":"Aaron Benward"},{"id":"6978847","text":"Gail Strickland Gail Strickland (born May 18, 1947) is an American actress. Strickland was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the daughter of Theodosia and Lynn Strickland, who owned a tire shop. She had featured roles in 1970s films such as \"Bound for Glory\", \"The Drowning Pool\" and \"Norma Rae\". In 1973, she appeared as Sister Ann, in the season four episode, \"Almost a Nun's Story\", on \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\". Strickland had a memorable appearance on the television series \"M*A*S*H\" as Captain Helen Whitfield, a nurse in an ongoing battle with alcoholism. She appeared as Courtney, Jerry's love interest, in","title":"Gail Strickland"},{"id":"8847067","text":"turned to acting. She reportedly was offered the role eventually taken by Diahann Carroll in the 1968-71 TV series \"Julia\", and appeared in a variety of movies, including \"Uptight\" (1968), \"Blacula\" (1972), \"Uptown Saturday Night\" (1974) and \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" (1975). She established herself as a television actress in the 1970s and 1980s, playing the roles of Helen Grant on \"Days of Our Lives\" (1975–77) and as Hester-Sue Terhune on \"Little House on the Prairie\" (1977–83), as well as making appearances on other television shows and movies, including \"The Night the City Screamed\" (1980). She recorded an album","title":"Ketty Lester"},{"id":"1850429","text":"Rms Riv Vu\". After her show ended, she assumed a number of roles that departed from comedy. She appeared in several dramatic roles, most notably in the television movie \"Friendly Fire\". She appeared as Beatrice O'Reilly in the film \"Life of The Party: The Story of Beatrice\", a story about a woman fighting her alcoholism. Her other film work includes \"The Four Seasons\" (1981), \"Annie\" (1982), and \"Noises Off\" (1992). She also returned in 2005 to star in a different role as Queen Aggravain in the movie version of \"Once Upon a Mattress\". She guest-starred in season two of \"Desperate","title":"Carol Burnett"},{"id":"19896823","text":"The Party (2017 film) The Party is a 2017 British black comedy film written and directed by Sally Potter. The film was shot in black and white and features a seven-actor ensemble of Patricia Clarkson, Bruno Ganz, Emily Mortimer, Cherry Jones, Cillian Murphy, Kristin Scott Thomas and Timothy Spall. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival and was awarded the Guild Film Prize. The film received positive reviews from critics. Janet, a politician for the opposition party, has just been announced as shadow minister for health","title":"The Party (2017 film)"},{"id":"16961465","text":"of films, including Christopher Guest's \"Mascots\" where she played Mindy Murray, aka Tammy the Turtle. Other movies released in 2016 include \"The Meddler\", starring Susan Sarandon and directed by Lorene Scafaria, where Baker played Elaine. Baker also appeared opposite Shirley MacLaine in \"The Last Word\" and in the film adaptation of the acclaimed \"Speech & Debate\", playing Ms. Riggi. In 2018, she appeared as Gildred in Melissa McCarthy's \"Life of the Party,\" and co-starred in Paul Feig's \"A Simple Favor\". On television, Baker was seen as series regular Sonia on the NBC comedy \"Go On\", starring Matthew Perry, as a","title":"Sarah Baker"},{"id":"18072705","text":"alongside a long-form music video. The music video broke into the mainstream by TMZ’s subsidiary TooFab. The song received high praise from Russell Simmons Global Grind, saying that “Even though Emcee N.I.C.E. who is really Nice on the mic isn’t a household name as of yet, he soon will be.”. \"Life of the Party\" features Stacey Dash and Blake Smith was written by Aulsondro “Novelist” Hamilton aka Emcee N.I.C.E. and Stacey Dash and was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy who’s notable hits includes (Dru Hill, Luther Vandross, SWV, Mario (American singer) and more…), with backing vocals by Emcee N.I.C.E., Blake","title":"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)"},{"id":"18072710","text":"video has two versions. One version is a 7-minute and 10 second full-length mini-movie while the second one is a 4-minute 12 second TV version both available on YouTube. Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) \"Life of the Party\" is a 2012 song performed by American recording artist Emcee N.I.C.E. and features the singing debut of actress Stacey Dash and newcomer Blake Smith. It was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. It serves as the remix to the original version produced by Kelly Keys in which features just Blake Smith. It was the lead single from Emcee N.I.C.E.’s 2015 debut","title":"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)"},{"id":"8401425","text":"upcoming horse-race. She takes a chance and bets all her money, only to lose everything. Eventually they grow fond of each other and Colonel Joy proposed to Flo by the end of the film. The music heard of the credits at the beginning of the film was added in the 1950s. These credits are also not original but have been redrawn, removing all indication that the film was photographed in Technicolor. The original music survives on Vitaphone disks. The rest of the film, beginning with the first title card (\"New York was originally purchased from the Indians...\"), has the original","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"13960754","text":"story, but admits to her best friend Helen (O'Hara) that she loves him. However, the next morning he acts as if nothing has happened, even giving her a hard time for committing plagiarism. Upset, she returns to her old lifestyle of wild parties, which includes dancing with and kissing strangers. However, when information reaches her that Gil has been shot, she realizes that she is still in love with him. A month later, Gil returns to college. Stella visits him, and he explains to her that he hates her for what she is and loves her for what she could","title":"The Wild Party (1929 film)"},{"id":"16751832","text":"The Life of the Party (1937 film) The Life of the Party is a 1937 musical comedy film. It recorded a loss of $111,000. On her way to Santa Barbara, California, aspiring singer Mitzi Mantos loses a shoe. A young man named Barry finds it and tries to meet her, while Mitzi and her agent Pauline try to get her an audition with Dr. Molnac for his traveling musical revue. Misunderstandings abound as Mitzi and Barry pretend to be married. Mitzi is actually the daughter of a countess, while Barry will lose a $3 million inheritance if he marries before","title":"The Life of the Party (1937 film)"},{"id":"6005187","text":"Helen McCrory Helen Elizabeth McCrory (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress. McCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both \"The Queen\" (2006) and \"The Special Relationship\" (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film \"Charlotte Gray\" (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three \"Harry Potter\" films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film \"Hugo\" (2011), Clair Dowar in the James Bond film \"Skyfall\" (2012), Polly Gray in \"Peaky Blinders\" (2013–present), and Emma Banville in \"Fearless\" (2017). She now lives in Suffolk. McCrory was born in Paddington, west London. Her mother, Anne (née Morgans), is Welsh, and her father, Iain McCrory,","title":"Helen McCrory"},{"id":"4074507","text":"Audra Lindley Audra Marie Lindley (September 24, 1918 – October 16, 1997) was an American actress, most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom \"Three's Company\" and its spin-off, \"The Ropers\". Born in Los Angeles, California, Lindley got her early start in Hollywood by being a stand-in, which eventually progressed to stunt work, and eventually became a contract player with Warner Bros. In 1943, she went to New York in her mid-20s to work in theater. Among her many Broadway plays during her long career were: \"On Golden Pond\", \"Long Day's Journey into Night\", and \"Horse","title":"Audra Lindley"},{"id":"7299662","text":"Helen Crump Helen Crump is a fictional dramatic character on the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (1960-1968). Helen made her debut in the third-season episode \"Andy Discovers America\" (1963). Helen was a schoolteacher and became main character Sheriff Andy Taylor's girlfriend. Helen also appeared in \"TAGS\" spinoff, \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968 – 1971), and in the \"TAGS\" reunion telemovie, \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). Helen was portrayed by Aneta Corsaut. Helen Crump hails from Kansas and attended college in Kansas City. She majored in journalism. Helen takes up residence in Mayberry and is employed as an elementary schoolteacher. Her uncle,","title":"Helen Crump"},{"id":"8401423","text":"can carry with them. They head off to the train station with their luggage of expensive clothes and decide to go to Havana to make some real money. Once Flo and Dot arrive in Havana they find that a millionaire, \"A.J. Smith\", who invented a famous soft drink, is staying at the hotel. They assume that a mean spirited and snobby acting man is the millionaire but the true millionaire is a young, pleasant and down to earth man. Dot falls in love with Smith, much to Flo's chagrin. Smith, unbeknownst to Flo and Dot, is actually a gigolo looking","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"19972857","text":"Jean Allison Jean Allison (October 24, 1929) is an American actress. She appeared in numerous films and TV series throughout the 1950s to the 1980s. Allison was born in New York City on October 24, 1929. Prolific actress of the small screen, she made her debut on television in the mid-1950s and was credited, over the years, several times to several interpretations. Allison played the character of Helen Yeager in a double episode of \"Starsky & Hutch\" in 1977 and a host of minor roles and appearances as guest star in dozens of episodes of television series. She also appeared","title":"Jean Allison"},{"id":"18196238","text":"hanging lights. It ends with the waitress reading a note left from Shawn, smiling as the scene fades. The title of the song, \"Life of the Party\", may give the impression that it's an upbeat dance song, but in an interview, Mendes described the song as not \"super happy, but it's also not depressing\". The lyrics represent being happy with yourself and figuring out who you are and who you want to be. It was written by two writers from New York, Ido Zmishlany and Scott Harris, though Mendes felt a strong connection to it. The song debuted on the","title":"Life of the Party (Shawn Mendes song)"},{"id":"6770227","text":"in flashbacks. Brewster subsequently guest starred on \"Empire\" and in \"The Rifleman\" episode, \"Jealous Man\" in 1962; on \"The Dakotas\" in 1963; on the 1963 \"Perry Mason\" episode, \"The Case of the Potted Planter\", and in the premiere episode of \"Kentucky Jones\" (1964). Brewster appeared several times in flashbacks, uncredited, as the murdered wife Helen Kimble in \"The Fugitive\". She appeared in a two episodes of \"Death Valley Days\", in a 1966 episode of \"Family Affair\", and in an installment of \"Ironside\" (1968) before retiring. She reappeared in four episodes of \"The New Leave It to Beaver\". Diane Brewster died","title":"Diane Brewster"},{"id":"6770220","text":"Diane Brewster Diane Brewster (March 11, 1931 – November 12, 1991) was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in television series of the 1950s and 1960s: confidence trickster Samantha Crawford in the western \"Maverick\"; pretty young second-grade teacher Miss Canfield in \"Leave It to Beaver\"; and doomed wife Helen Kimble in \"The Fugitive\". Brewster's father was R.R. Brewster, a trial lawyer in Missouri. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri, went to Shawnee Mission High School and studied liberal arts at the University of Kansas at Lawrence. Following her sophomore year at the university,","title":"Diane Brewster"},{"id":"12687667","text":"English actor Cedric Hardwicke played Professor Crayton, and popular character actress Mary Wickes portrayed landlady Winona Maxfield. Skip Ward was cast as fellow student Joe Caldwell, and Marion Ross appeared in five episodes as Berg's daughter, Susan Green. Aneta Corsaut (the future Helen Crump on The Andy Griffith Show) appeared in 13 episodes as Irma Howell, a professor's wife. Karyn Kupcinet played a young fellow student of Sarah Green. Her role is very small, and she is heard saying very little dialogue. The plot centers around Sarah Green, a widow in her early sixties, who decides to acquire higher education,","title":"Mrs. G. Goes to College"},{"id":"9203293","text":"Lesley Vickerage Lesley Francesca Vickerage (born 1 July 1961) is an English actress best known for her roles as WPC Jenny Dean in the British television series \"Between the Lines\", as Lieutenant (later Captain) Kate Butler in \"Soldier Soldier\", and as Helen Lynley in the British television series \"The Inspector Lynley Mysteries\". Vickerage was born in Woolwich, London and attended Blackheath High School. She trained at the Drama Studio London. She is an enthusiast of English folk music and is often seen at the annual Chippenham Folk Festival. She played Ellie in \"My Good Friend\", Helen Lynley in \"The Inspector","title":"Lesley Vickerage"},{"id":"16136695","text":"in \"Hudson Street\" (1996), and as Mable Maloney in a two-part \"Matlock\", TV series, The Witness Killings (1991). Kathryn has worked in film, recently for director Daryl Wein in \"Lola Versus\" starring Greta Gerwig, Debra Winger, and Bill Pullman; and for Paul Moshe Mones in \"Dovid Moyer\" as Odel, the Orthodox cook. She has also worked with such notable directors as Don Siegel (in Jinxed opposite Bette Midler, 1982 ) and Lamont Johnson in the television movie, Life of The Party and The Story of Beatrice (1982) with Carol Burnett. She has received acting awards, Drama Logue Award best actress","title":"Kathryn Kates"},{"id":"17499185","text":"Jill Melford Jill Melford (born 23 November 1931) is an English actress. The daughter of actor Jack Melford, she attended the Ballet Arts School in New York and made her theatre debut in 1949 as a dancer in a production of \"Oklahoma!\" in New York, before appearing in other Broadway performances. In 1953 she performed in 'The Seven Year Itch' on the London stage, and later appeared in other stage plays. These include \"Auntie Mame\", \"Ulysses in Night-time\", \"The Life of the Party\", \"The Right Honourable Gentleman\", \"There's a Girl in My Soup\", \"Not Now, Darling\", \"Best of Friends\" and","title":"Jill Melford"},{"id":"8401420","text":"The Life of the Party (1930 film) The Life of the Party is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedy filmed entirely in Technicolor. The musical numbers of this film were cut out before general release in the United States because the public had grown tired of musicals by late 1930. Only one song was left in the picture. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. Flo and Dot work in a Broadway music shop. Flo sings while Dot plays the piano. Their boss complains to them that they","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"10492076","text":"she has left to play a \"character role\" in a television series. For the 1967 film adaptation, author Susann hoped that the Bette Davis would play the role, but Judy Garland was hired instead. Garland was replaced by Susan Hayward. Lawson made another appearance in the 2008 novel \"Candy Everybody Wants\" by Josh Kilmer-Purcell, where she acts as a mentor to the protagonist, 15-year-old Jayson Blocher, as he is beginning his career in Hollywood. Helen Lawson Helen Lawson is a fictional character from Jacqueline Susann's best-selling 1966 novel \"Valley of the Dolls\", said to be based largely on legendary stage","title":"Helen Lawson"},{"id":"4764775","text":"of songwriters Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby, \"Three Little Words.\" She did not appear in the film's credits. She appeared on several TV shows in the 1950s and 1960s, principally \"Toast of the Town,\" later known as \"The Ed Sullivan Show.\" Kane's final public appearance was on the Sullivan Show on St. Patrick's Day 1965. In addition, she was given overdue tribute in 1958, on \"This is Your Life\" with Ralph Edwards. It brought a tearful reunion with Helen's old friend, actress Fifi D'Orsay, and a lifelong fan who once sent her money when she was down on her luck.","title":"Helen Kane"},{"id":"8401427","text":"of this full version still exists. The Life of the Party (1930 film) The Life of the Party is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedy filmed entirely in Technicolor. The musical numbers of this film were cut out before general release in the United States because the public had grown tired of musicals by late 1930. Only one song was left in the picture. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. Flo and Dot work in a Broadway music shop. Flo sings while Dot plays the piano. Their","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"9659709","text":"Life of the Party (2005 film) Life of the Party is a 2005 film with Eion Bailey and Ellen Pompeo. It was written and directed by Barra Grant. Michael Elgin, former high school track star, now in his thirties, is floundering. He keeps life's realities at bay by having too many cocktails a few nights too often. One night, he crashes into a tree, emerges unscathed but catalyzes those who care into organizing an intervention. Michael comes home to find the group waiting: his friends, co-workers, parents, his wife, his new girlfriend. The group is nervous. The psychiatrist who was","title":"Life of the Party (2005 film)"},{"id":"9877744","text":"Couldn't Say No\" (1930), in which Lightner was cast in a maudlin dramatic role which did not suit her talents. The picture, consequently, was not very successful. This was followed by another successful picture,\"The Life of the Party\", which was also shot entirely in Technicolor and was an even bigger hit than \"Hold Everything\". By the end of 1930 audiences had grown tired of musicals, while Lightner was in the process of shooting three musicals: \"Sit Tight\" (1931), \"Gold Dust Gertie\" (1931), and \"Manhattan Parade\" (1932). They were all released with most of the music cut. This was especially noticeable","title":"Winnie Lightner"},{"id":"8401424","text":"for a rich woman to pay his meal ticket. Just as Dot is to marry Davidson, LeMaire arrives and exposes the two gold-diggers. Smith, who has fallen in love with Dot, writes a check to LeMaire to cover the amount he lost, and he ends up winning Dot as his future wife. A subplot involves Flo and Colonel Joy (Charles Butterworth), who raises horses. Colonel Joy is attracted to Flo and can't stop talking to her, although she does her best to avoid him. After some time, Flo is convinced by the colonel that his horse can't lose in the","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"6049684","text":"Rebecca Gethings Rebecca Gethings is an English actress best known for her roles in film and television comedies such as \"The Thick of It\", \"Extras\", \"The Mimic\" and \"\". Gethings has collaborated several times with Armando Iannucci, improvising with the US cast of Veep at the character development stage of Season 1 and Season 3, in which she also appears. Iannucci later cast her as Helen Hatley, the ambitious special adviser to Nicola Murray in the fourth and final series of The Thick of It. She played Lizzie Bunton, the daughter of camp pantomime director Bunny, in the fourth episode","title":"Rebecca Gethings"},{"id":"4987684","text":"Matt Walsh (comedian) Matt Walsh (born October 13, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, director, and writer best known for his role as Neighbor #2 in \"Christmas With The Kranks\". He also previously starred in short-lived comedy programs such as \"Dog Bites Man\" on Comedy Central and \"Players\" on Spike TV, and was a correspondent on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". He has also co-starred in films such as \"Ghostbusters\", \"Life of the Party\", \"Ted\", \"Into the Storm\", \"Brigsby Bear\", and \"Old School\". Walsh was born in Chicago, the fourth of seven children of Dick and Audrey Walsh. He","title":"Matt Walsh (comedian)"},{"id":"8401426","text":"sound. According to Warner Bros records the film earned $685,000 domestically and $212,000 foreign. It is unknown whether a copy of this full version still exists. The film only survives in a black and white copy (of the United States release print) made in the 1958 from Associated Artists Productions. Only a black and white copy of the cut print released in the United States (without most of the musical numbers) seems to have survived. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. It is unknown whether a copy","title":"The Life of the Party (1930 film)"},{"id":"6005193","text":"live in north London. She is an honorary patron of the London children's charity Scene & Heard. McCrory was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to drama. Helen McCrory Helen Elizabeth McCrory (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress. McCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both \"The Queen\" (2006) and \"The Special Relationship\" (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film \"Charlotte Gray\" (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three \"Harry Potter\" films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film \"Hugo\" (2011), Clair Dowar in the James","title":"Helen McCrory"},{"id":"2077034","text":"the ABC Family series \"The Lying Game\". In the 2000s, Slater recorded five albums, singing her own compositions and playing the piano. Slater was born in Bethpage, New York, to a Jewish family. Her parents, Alice Joan (née Citrin), a lawyer and nuclear disarmament peace activist based in New York City, and Gerald Slater, a television executive, divorced in 1974. She has a brother, David, who is a lawyer in New York City. Slater attended Great Neck South High School and then transferred to the High School of Performing Arts from which she graduated in 1982. Despite common misconception, she","title":"Helen Slater"},{"id":"7033291","text":"Miriam Flynn Miriam Flynn (born June 18, 1952) is an American voice actress and character actress. She is best known as Cousin Catherine in the \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" and Grandma Longneck in \"The Land Before Time\" franchises. She has acted in other films and in several television series, the latter including a recurring role as Sister Helen on the Fox/WB sitcom \"Grounded for Life\". Before breaking into television, Flynn was a member of The Second City improv troupe in 1975. She appeared on stage alongside Shelley Long, George Wendt, Andrea Martin, Catherine O'Hara, and James Belushi. Flynn was a regular","title":"Miriam Flynn"},{"id":"19497842","text":"For this performance she won Most Promising Newcomer at the British Independent Film Awards 2013 and was nominated for Best British Newcomer at the 2012 BFI London Film Festival Awards. In 2013, she played a politician in \"The Waldo Moment\", an episode of the anthology series \"Black Mirror\". In the same year she was named as one of BAFTA's \"Breakthrough Brits\" and \"Screen International\"s \"UK Stars of Tomorrow\". In 2014, Pirrie starred in the BBC miniseries \"The Game\", a Cold War spy thriller in which she played an MI5 secretary. The following year she appeared as Sheila Birling in Helen","title":"Chloe Pirrie"},{"id":"4673452","text":"Pancho Villa as Himself\" opposite Antonio Banderas. On stage, Bailey appeared in \"Equus\" at the Pasadena Playhouse, as well as \"Spoon River Anthology\", \"Look Homeward, Angel\", and \"Dinner at Eight\" at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, \"Desire and I\" at the Access Theatre Santa Barbara, and \"Icarus' Mother\" at the SBCC Studio Theatre. In 2007, Bailey was awarded a Daytime Emmy for his performance in \"Life of the Party\". Bailey has had recurring guest-starring roles on the TV series \"Dawson's Creek\" and \"ER\". In 2010, Bailey had a recurring role in USA Network’s \"Covert Affairs\" as Ben Mercer, Annie's","title":"Eion Bailey"},{"id":"6149897","text":"niece in 1991 was discovered and released to the public on Sphere Records. Unlike the majority of recordings made with her family, most tracks from the collection prominently featured Helen on lead vocal. In 2009 Rosanne Cash released her acclaimed album \"The List\". In publicity for the album Cash repeatedly discussed the impact that Helen Carter (her aunt through marriage) had on her as a musician, performer and as a songwriter. Cash also noted that Helen Carter spent hours teaching her to play guitar. In the 2013 Lifetime Television Movie \"Ring of Fire\" Helen Carter was portrayed by young singers","title":"Helen Carter"},{"id":"3724633","text":"Amy Bruckner Amelia Ellen \"Amy\" Bruckner (born March 28, 1991) is an American actress and singer noted for her roles in the Disney Channel shows \"Phil of the Future\" and \"\". Bruckner has also been featured in Hollywood films such as \"Nancy Drew\", in which she plays Bess Marvin and in \"Rebound\" in the role of \"Annie\". Bruckner was raised in Conifer, Colorado. She has an older sister, Annye Landaverde (nee Bruckner). Amy graduated from Athens Academy in Athens, Georgia, and attended Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Bruckner began her career in the fourth grade, guest","title":"Amy Bruckner"},{"id":"1548885","text":"office herself in \"Ada\". The same year, she played Rae Smith in Ross Hunter's lavish remake of \"Back Street\", which also starred John Gavin and Vera Miles. Neither of these films were particularly successful; neither were \"I Thank a Fool\" (1963) at MGM, \"Stolen Hours\" (1963), and \"Where Love Has Gone\" (1964). Hayward was reunited with Joseph Mankiewicz in \"The Honey Pot\" (1967). Then she replaced Judy Garland as Helen Lawson in the film adaptation of Jacqueline Susann's \"Valley of the Dolls\" (1967). She received good reviews for her performance in a Las Vegas production of \"Mame\", but left the","title":"Susan Hayward"},{"id":"6005189","text":"nominated for a 2006 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for her role as Rosalind in \"As You Like It\" in London's West End. In April 2008, she made a \"compelling\" Rebecca West in a production of Ibsen's \"Rosmersholm\" at the Almeida Theatre, London. She appeared in \"\" (2003), as Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, and in supporting roles in such films as \"Interview with the Vampire\" (1994), \"Charlotte Gray\" (2001), \"The Count of Monte Cristo\" (2002), and \"Casanova\" (2005). In \"The Queen\" (2006) she played Cherie Blair, a role she reprised in Peter Morgan's follow-up \"The Special Relationship\". She appeared in","title":"Helen McCrory"},{"id":"6587564","text":"Neva Patterson Neva Louise Patterson (February 10, 1920 – December 14, 2010) was an American actress. Born on a farm near Nevada, Iowa, the daughter of a mailman and a seamstress, Patterson and her parents moved to New York City in 1938. She made her Broadway debut in 1947's \"The Druid Circle\". In 1952, she played Helen Sherman in \"The Seven Year Itch\". Her first feature movie was \"Taxi\" (1953). Other film credits include \"The Buddy Holly Story\", \"All of Me\" (1984), and \"An Affair to Remember\" (1957). Patterson's television credits included \"Nichols\", in which she played a cantankerous elderly","title":"Neva Patterson"},{"id":"6145264","text":"role as Head Nurse Bradley in the 1980s sitcom \"House Calls\", and also appeared in several episodes of \"Matlock\" with star Andy Griffith. In addition, Corsaut played the role of nurse Jesse Brewer in 1977 on the long-running ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" when long-time portrayer Emily McLaughlin was too ill to work. She returned to the role of Helen Crump in the reunion shows \"Return to Mayberry\" in 1986 and \"The Andy Griffith Show Reunion\" in 1993. Corsaut was cast as Kathy McLennan, the young widow of a rancher, in the 1965 episode, \"Paid in Full\", on the syndicated","title":"Aneta Corsaut"},{"id":"12744319","text":"Minneapolis Symphonies, and sang in long-running engagements at supper clubs at such venues as New York's Pierre and St. Regis Hotels. She guest starred as Helen Barone in \"The Sopranos\" (2000). Marand married lawyer Irving Salem in 1984 and died in 2008 at the age of 74, in New York City, from brain cancer. She is buried at Greenwood Union Cemetery in Harrison, New York. Patricia Marand Patricia Marand (January 25, 1934 – November 27, 2008) was an American actress and singer, best known for roles in musical theatre. She was nominated for a 1966 Tony Award for her part","title":"Patricia Marand"},{"id":"6005192","text":"playing Polly Gray in \"Peaky Blinders\". In 2014, McCrory played the title role in the National Theatre's production of \"Medea\", directed by Carrie Cracknell. Also in 2014, McCrory made a guest appearance on the TV series \"Penny Dreadful\". She returned as a regular for the show's second season, playing the main antagonist. In August 2016, McCrory was confirmed to play Emma Banville in ITV drama series \"Fearless\", which began airing in June 2017. On 4 July 2007, McCrory married actor Damian Lewis. They have a daughter, Manon (b. 8 September 2006), and a son, Gulliver (b. 2 November 2007). They","title":"Helen McCrory"},{"id":"7299668","text":"Show\" and \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" featuring Helen. Helen, the Authoress (1967 TAGS episode) Helen Crump Helen Crump is a fictional dramatic character on the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (1960-1968). Helen made her debut in the third-season episode \"Andy Discovers America\" (1963). Helen was a schoolteacher and became main character Sheriff Andy Taylor's girlfriend. Helen also appeared in \"TAGS\" spinoff, \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968 – 1971), and in the \"TAGS\" reunion telemovie, \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). Helen was portrayed by Aneta Corsaut. Helen Crump hails from Kansas and attended college in Kansas City. She majored in journalism. Helen takes up","title":"Helen Crump"},{"id":"8705212","text":"was totally vindicated.\" In her feature film work, Whitney has directed actors such as Lindsay Crouse, Austin Pendleton, Blair Brown, Brenda Fricker, and David Strathairn. Her films have received an Oscar nomination, the Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award, an Emmy Award and the George Foster Peabody Award. Whitney grew up in New York City, where she attended the Chapin School. She received a BA in English literature from Sarah Lawrence College in 1965 and a master's degree in Victorian literature from the University of Chicago in 1967. Beginning in 1982, following her acceptance by the Sundance Institute, Whitney wrote and","title":"Helen Whitney"},{"id":"553982","text":"played by Mark Harmon and a cast featuring Jodie Foster and Harold Ramis, and \"Next of Kin\" (1989) with Patrick Swayze and Liam Neeson. In the 1990s, after playing the lead female role in the short-lived \"My Life and Times\", Hunt starred in the series \"Mad About You\", winning Emmy Awards for her performances in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. For the last year of the show she and Paul Reiser became the first actors ever to be paid $1,000,000 per episode. Hunt directed several episodes of \"Mad About You\", including the series finale. Her big-screen directorial debut came with","title":"Helen Hunt"},{"id":"6997808","text":"Kate Mara Kate Rooney Mara ( ; born February 27, 1983) is an American actress and fashion model. She is known for her roles as reporter Zoe Barnes in the Netflix political drama \"House of Cards\" (2013–2014; 2016), computer analyst Shari Rothenberg in the Fox thriller series \"24\" (2006) and Ben Harmon's vengeful mistress Hayden McClaine in the FX horror miniseries \"\" (2011). She made her film debut in 1999 with \"Random Hearts\". She has since appeared in \"Brokeback Mountain\" (2005), \"We Are Marshall\" (2006), \"Shooter\" (2007), \"Transsiberian\" (2008), \"Stone of Destiny\" (2008), \"The Open Road\" (2009), \"Transcendence\" (2014), \"The","title":"Kate Mara"},{"id":"13075887","text":"Janina Faye Janina Faye ( Smigielski, born 1948) is an English actress and director. She is a daughter of Florence Louisa Jonathan and Jan Smigielski. Her father was a Polish Air Force ace from Squadron 303 during the Battle of Britain. She began her career as an actress in 1956 and includes theatre and television work in addition to many film appearances. In 1961 she appeared as Helen Keller in the William Gibson play, The Miracle Worker. In 1962 she appeared as Anne in the thriller \"Don't Talk to Strange Men\". In 1971, she appeared in an episode of \"Doctor","title":"Janina Faye"},{"id":"8791929","text":"Los Angeles, California. She resided in Los Angeles the final fourteen years of her life. Her funeral was conducted from Pierce Brothers' Mortuary with interment at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Helen Dunbar Helen Dunbar (born Katheryn Burke Lackey, October 10, 1863 – August 28, 1933) was an American theatrical performer and silent film actress. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dunbar first appeared with the Weber & Fields Stock Company, when it began its career on the New York stage. In 1899 she appeared in \"Whirl-i-gig\" and \"The Other Way\" at the Weber and Fields Broadway Music Hall. She also worked with the","title":"Helen Dunbar"},{"id":"3482284","text":"actress Zoë Kravitz and the cousin of NBC's Today Show's Al Roker. Roker died in Los Angeles, California, on December 2, 1995, of breast cancer at the age of 66. Roxie Roker Roxie Albertha Roker (August 28, 1929 – December 2, 1995) was a Bahamian American actress who portrayed Helen Willis on the CBS sitcom \"The Jeffersons\" (1975–1985), half of the first interracial couple to be shown on regular prime time television. She was the mother of rock artist Lenny Kravitz. Roker was born in Miami, Florida. Her mother, Bessie (née Mitchell), was from Georgia and worked as a domestic,","title":"Roxie Roker"},{"id":"3794389","text":"Helen Shipman Helen Shipman (February 5, 1899–April 13, 1984) was an American singer, dancer and actress who starred in various Broadway musicals and musical comedies and who also acted in movies. Helen Shipman was the daughter of William H. and Annie L. (Mitchell) Shipman of Pennsylvania. Her full name was Helen Phyllis Shipman. Helen's mother was a stage actress of some note in her youth, and her father was a printer who died in 1925. Her exact date of birth is unknown; however, it is believed that she was born in 1899. Helen began performing at the age of three","title":"Helen Shipman"},{"id":"6149896","text":"life in 1998 at age 70. Her interment was next to her son, Kenneth, in Hendersonville Memory Gardens in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Buried nearby in the same cemetery are her parents, Ezra and Maybelle Carter, and her sisters, June and Anita. Helen's song \"Heart Full of Shame\" was used in the 2003 movie \"Northfork\". \"Juke Box Blues\", co-written with Maybelle, was used in the 2005 movie \"Walk the Line\". Helen Carter was portrayed by actress Janet McMahan in the musical \"Wildwood Flower: The June Carter Story\". In 2006, a forgotten set of recordings that Helen made with her sisters and a","title":"Helen Carter"},{"id":"2077037","text":"(1988) with longtime friend Melanie Mayron, \"City Slickers\" (1991) with Billy Crystal, the steamy \"A House in the Hills\" (1993) with Michael Madsen, and the action-crime drama \"No Way Back\" opposite Russell Crowe (1996). Other noteworthy performances were seen in films including \"\" (1993), \"Betrayal of the Dove\", and opposite Andy Richter in \"Seeing Other People\" (2004). Slater has appeared on episodes of various television series, including \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\", \"Supernatural\", four episodes as the voice of Talia in \"\", and others. She was a series regular on the half-season run of the 1990 ABC newsroom drama","title":"Helen Slater"},{"id":"6770228","text":"from heart failure in 1991, aged 60. Diane Brewster Diane Brewster (March 11, 1931 – November 12, 1991) was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in television series of the 1950s and 1960s: confidence trickster Samantha Crawford in the western \"Maverick\"; pretty young second-grade teacher Miss Canfield in \"Leave It to Beaver\"; and doomed wife Helen Kimble in \"The Fugitive\". Brewster's father was R.R. Brewster, a trial lawyer in Missouri. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri, went to Shawnee Mission High School and studied liberal arts at the University of Kansas at Lawrence.","title":"Diane Brewster"},{"id":"7033295","text":"(2011). Miriam Flynn Miriam Flynn (born June 18, 1952) is an American voice actress and character actress. She is best known as Cousin Catherine in the \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" and Grandma Longneck in \"The Land Before Time\" franchises. She has acted in other films and in several television series, the latter including a recurring role as Sister Helen on the Fox/WB sitcom \"Grounded for Life\". Before breaking into television, Flynn was a member of The Second City improv troupe in 1975. She appeared on stage alongside Shelley Long, George Wendt, Andrea Martin, Catherine O'Hara, and James Belushi. Flynn was a","title":"Miriam Flynn"},{"id":"3428475","text":"Amy Smart Amy Lysle Smart (born March 26, 1976) is an American actress and former fashion model. Smart began her career modeling in Italy and subsequently enrolled in acting school. Her first role in film was in director Martin Kunert's film \"Campfire Tales.\" She has since appeared in numerous films, including \"Varsity Blues\" (1999), \"Road Trip\" (2000), \"Rat Race\" (2001), \"The Butterfly Effect\" (2004), \"Just Friends\" (2005), \"Mirrors\" (2008), and Tyler Perry's \"The Single Moms Club\" (2014). Her television work includes a recurring role on \"Felicity\" (1999–2001). Smart was born in Topanga, California. Her mother, Judy Lysle (née Carrington), worked","title":"Amy Smart"},{"id":"19896831","text":"Prize at the 2017 Berlin International Film Festival. The Party (2017 film) The Party is a 2017 British black comedy film written and directed by Sally Potter. The film was shot in black and white and features a seven-actor ensemble of Patricia Clarkson, Bruno Ganz, Emily Mortimer, Cherry Jones, Cillian Murphy, Kristin Scott Thomas and Timothy Spall. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival and was awarded the Guild Film Prize. The film received positive reviews from critics. Janet, a politician for the opposition party, has","title":"The Party (2017 film)"},{"id":"10275654","text":"Reiko Sato Reiko Sato (December 19, 1931 – May 28, 1981) was an American dancer and actress. Sato was born in Los Angeles, California to issei farm operator, Tonezo Sato and his wife Chieko. She and her family were interned at the Gila River War Relocation Center during World War II. Her mother became a real estate investor after the war; Reiko also had many siblings. She graduated from Belmont High School in 1949, later attending Los Angeles City College. She continued her studies in ballet. Sato is best known for playing seamstress Helen Chao in the 1961 feature film","title":"Reiko Sato"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"19661703\",\n \"text\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third film directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following \\\"Tammy\\\" (2014) and \\\"The Boss\\\" (2016). The film, starring McCarthy, Molly Gordon, Gillian Jacobs, Jessie Ennis, Adria Arjona, Maya Rudolph, Julie Bowen, Matt Walsh, Debby Ryan, with Stephen Root and Jacki Weaver, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up bonding with her daughter's friends. Produced by On the Day Productions\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661715\",\n \"text\": \"of self-indulgence and tedium, even if it's well-meaning in its intentions.\\\" Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third film directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following \\\"Tammy\\\" (2014) and \\\"The Boss\\\" (2016). The film, starring McCarthy, Molly Gordon, Gillian Jacobs, Jessie Ennis, Adria Arjona, Maya Rudolph, Julie Bowen, Matt Walsh, Debby Ryan, with Stephen Root and Jacki Weaver, follows a newly divorced mother who returns to college to complete her degree, and ends up\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19302831\",\n \"text\": \"Chad Michael Murray would star as Peggy Carter, Edwin Jarvis, Daniel Sousa, Whitney Frost, Jason Wilkes, and Jack Thompson, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Currie Graham as Calvin Chadwick, Lotte Verbeek as Ana Jarvis, Bridget Regan as Dottie Underwood, Kurtwood Smith as Vernon Masters, Josh Latzer as guard, Hayley McCarthy as Melody, John Kerry as Mortimer Hayes, Ray Wise as Hugh Jones and Casey Sander as Thomas Gloucester. Latzer, McCarthy, and Kerry did not receive guest star credit in the episode, while Everett and Austin received guest star credit instead of\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20362280\",\n \"text\": \"career as a hairstylist. Starting in 2009, Gardner began taking classes at The Groundlings theatre in Los Angeles. In 2014, she joined the Sunday Company, and a year later she was promoted to the Main Company. During that time, she became a voice actress, regularly appearing on animated series such as \\\"Bratz\\\", \\\"SuperMansion\\\", and \\\"Mike Tyson Mysteries\\\". On September 26, 2017, it was announced that Gardner would be a cast member on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" for its forty-third season. In 2018, she played the supporting role of Leonor in the Ben Falcone-directed film \\\"Life of the Party\\\", alongside Melissa McCarthy.\",\n \"title\": \"Heidi Gardner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661714\",\n \"text\": \"than it hits.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews.\\\" Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \\\"B\\\" on an A+ to F scale, higher than the \\\"C+\\\" earned by McCarthy and Falcone's previous two film collaborations. Matt Zoller-Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film two out of four stars, calling it \\\"the latest Melissa McCarthy star vehicle that fails to do justice to the sheer awesomeness of its leading lady.\\\" Leigh Monson from Birth.MoviesDeath wrote, \\\"One hundred minutes\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661705\",\n \"text\": \"Sandy to tell them what happened, but Mike is frustrated because Dan made Deanna drop out of her college because she was pregnant, as well as his overbearing ways during their marriage. Deanna goes to see Maddie in her dorm to tell the news about her divorce and her plans to study again at the university to earn a degree in Archaeology. Maddie initially has doubts about her plan but she ultimately accepts it. Maddie introduces Deanna to her friends—Amanda, neurotic Debbie, and Helen. Deanna later meets her agoraphobic and chronically depressed roommate Leonor. On the first day of school,\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8190697\",\n \"text\": \"Gillian Jacobs Gillian MacLaren Jacobs (; born October 19, 1982) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Britta Perry on the NBC/Yahoo! Screen comedy series \\\"Community\\\" and Mickey Dobbs on the Netflix series \\\"Love\\\". Jacobs had a recurring role as Mimi-Rose Howard on the fourth season of the HBO series \\\"Girls\\\" and has appeared in films such as \\\"Gardens of the Night\\\" (2008), \\\"The Lookalike\\\" (2014), \\\"Life Partners\\\" (2014), \\\"Hot Tub Time Machine 2\\\" (2015), \\\"Don't Think Twice\\\" (2016), \\\"Brother Nature\\\" (2016), \\\"Life of the Party\\\" (2018) and \\\"Ibiza\\\" (2018). Jacobs was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her parents,\",\n \"title\": \"Gillian Jacobs\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661713\",\n \"text\": \"its third week); 80% of its audience was over the age of 25, while 70% was female. It fell 57% in its second weekend, to $7.6 million, finishing fourth at the box office, and another 33% to $5.1 million in its third, finishing fifth. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 38% based on 129 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Life of the Party\\\"s good-natured humor and abundance of onscreen talent aren't enough to make up for jumbled direction and a script that misses far more often\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661704\",\n \"text\": \"and New Line Cinema, the film was released on May 11, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics, who called it \\\"a frustratingly middling comedy that never really figures out what to do with all that talent and fails to produce consistent laughs.\\\" After dropping off their daughter Maddie to her senior year at Decatur University in Atlanta, Dan tells Deanna that he wants a divorce because he has fallen in love with another woman, a realtor Marcie, and he also wants to sell their house under his name. Heartbroken, Deanna visits her parents Mike and\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661709\",\n \"text\": \"check to pay her tuition, but Deanna refuses to take it. The party is not a success and a suspicious Jennifer smells a rat and confronts Helen, telling her that if Aguilera doesn't show up in 3 seconds, Jennifer will put Helen in another coma. The two girls engage in a fist fight until Deanna steps in and intervenes, telling the two girls that they shouldn't be fighting and they should behave like friends. Finally, Aguilera (who turns out to be Leonor’s cousin) arrives and she puts on a show with Deanna and the girls to an excited crowd while\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2654711\",\n \"text\": \"with Estelle Winwood on ABC's \\\"The Donna Reed Show\\\" in the episode \\\"Miss Lovelace Comes to Tea\\\" (1959). Dumont, usually playing her dignified dowager character, appeared with other film comedians and actors, including Wheeler and Woolsey and George \\\"Spanky\\\" McFarland (\\\"Kentucky Kernels\\\", 1934); Joe Penner (\\\"Here, Prince\\\" 1932, and \\\"The Life of the Party\\\" 1937); Lupe Vélez (\\\"High Flyers\\\", 1937); W.C. Fields (\\\"Never Give a Sucker an Even Break\\\", 1941, and \\\"Tales of Manhattan\\\" 1942); Laurel and Hardy (\\\"The Dancing Masters\\\", 1943); Red Skelton (\\\"Bathing Beauty\\\", 1944); Jack Benny (\\\"The Horn Blows at Midnight\\\", 1945); George \\\"Gabby\\\" Hayes (\\\"Sunset in\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Dumont\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19302832\",\n \"text\": \"regular starring. Graham, Verbeek, Regan, Smith, Wise, and Sander reprise their roles from earlier in the series. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" was first aired in the United States on ABC on February 16, 2016. In the United States the episode received a 0.7/2 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, meaning that it was seen by 0.7 percent of all households, and 2 percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. It was watched by 2.39 million viewers. Life of the Party (Agent Carter) \\\"Life of the Party\\\" is the sixth\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661711\",\n \"text\": \"in the process, angering Marcie. Filming began in August 2016 in the metro Atlanta area. The sorority house used in the film is The Twelve Oaks Bed & Breakfast (www.thetwelveoaks.com) located in Covington, GA. The interior of the mansion was replicated in a warehouse in Decatur, GA for the interior scenes and the exterior scenes were filmed on location at the inn. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" was released on May 11, 2018. The first official trailer for the film was released on February 5, 2018. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" grossed 52.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $12.8\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19302828\",\n \"text\": \"by regular cast members James D'Arcy, Chad Michael Murray, and Enver Gjokaj. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" originally aired on ABC on February 16, 2016, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 2.39 million viewers. Jason Wilkes returns to the real world but worries that at any moment he could be drawn away completely. He designs a containment chamber for himself, but requires more Zero Matter. Peggy Carter realizes that Whitney Frost is now the only source of Zero Matter, but is still too injured to get it herself. Instead, she breaks Dottie Underwood out of custody and sends\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661706\",\n \"text\": \"she meets demeaning girls, Jennifer and her friend Trina (Yani Simone), who mocks Deanna's age. Deanna later signed the divorce papers, with her best friend Christine on her side, as well as Dan and Marcie. At night, Maddie and her friends take Deanna to the party, where she meets a boy named Jack, who later falls in love with her and, the next day, they have sex inside the library. In another night, they attend an 80's-themed party where Deanna has a dance-off with Jennifer, resulting in earning the respect of her schoolmates. Deanna later has stage fright during her\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16507334\",\n \"text\": \"Mt. Hood Independent Film Festival in the state of Oregon U.S.A.. The film went on to win Best Horror/Thriller at the festival. The film was released 29 April 2014 Video on Demand release with Gravitas Ventures. His second feature, Life of the Party, starring Holly Brisley completed filiming December 2016 . Life of the Party premiered on the 14th of September 2018 at the Arena Cinelounge Sunset Los Angeles in the U.S. state of California. Life of the Party the screenplay that was co written by Budd has been picked up by the Oscars Foundation to display in the Library\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Budd\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3825724\",\n \"text\": \"Boss\\\" and \\\"Ghostbusters\\\". In 2018, she stars in the comedy films \\\"Life of the Party\\\", \\\"The Happytime Murders\\\", and the critically acclaimed biographical comedy-drama \\\"Can You Ever Forgive Me?\\\" for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Satellite Award, and others accolades. McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded On the Day, a production company. In 2015, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, launched her clothing line, \\\"Melissa McCarthy Seven7\\\", and was named the third highest-paid actress in the world by \\\"Forbes\\\". In 2016, \\\"Forbes\\\" named her the world's second\",\n \"title\": \"Melissa McCarthy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18072704\",\n \"text\": \"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) \\\"Life of the Party\\\" is a 2012 song performed by American recording artist Emcee N.I.C.E. and features the singing debut of actress Stacey Dash and newcomer Blake Smith. It was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. It serves as the remix to the original version produced by Kelly Keys in which features just Blake Smith. It was the lead single from Emcee N.I.C.E.’s 2015 debut studio album, \\\"However U Want It\\\". The song was written by Aulsondro “Novelist” Hamilton with Stacey Dash joining in on the remix. It came out on October 12, 2012\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19665378\",\n \"text\": \"one of their favorite characters. This role brought Purser to international fame, and earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series nomination. Purser portrays Ethel Muggs in The CW's teen drama series \\\"Riverdale\\\", and had a minor role in the 2018 comedy film \\\"Life of the Party\\\" which ended up being cut. In January 2017, it was reported that she had landed the titular role in the 2018 film \\\"Sierra Burgess Is a Loser\\\". Purser portrayed Annabelle Bowman, a member of the drama troupe at Stanton High, in the NBC Drama \\\"Rise,\\\" in a\",\n \"title\": \"Shannon Purser\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5649824\",\n \"text\": \"Susan Penhaligon Susan Penhaligon (born 3 July 1949) is a British actress and writer. She is known for her role in the drama series \\\"Bouquet of Barbed Wire\\\" (1976), and for playing Helen Barker in the sitcom \\\"A Fine Romance\\\" (1981–84). She also appeared in the soap opera \\\"Emmerdale\\\" (2006). Her film appearances include \\\"No Sex Please, We're British\\\" (1973) and Paul Verhoeven's \\\"Soldier of Orange\\\" (1977). Penhaligon was born in Manila but returned with her family to Cornwall, aged 6. She spent her formative years living in St. Ives and Falmouth. Aged 11 she was sent to boarding school\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Penhaligon\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19302830\",\n \"text\": \"kills Chadwick and several of the Council, proclaiming herself in control of the remainder. Masters and Thompson capture Underwood, but the Zero Matter sample is left behind. Masters insists that Thompson \\\"destroy\\\" Carter; he tries to convince her to return to New York, but fails. Underwood ends up in Frost's control. In February 2016, Marvel announced that the sixth episode of the season would be titled \\\"Life of the Party\\\", to be written by Eric Pearson, with Craig Zisk directing. In February 2016, Marvel revealed that main cast members Hayley Atwell, James D'Arcy, Enver Gjokaj, Wynn Everett, Reggie Austin, and\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661712\",\n \"text\": \"million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $65.7 million. In the United States and Canada, \\\"Life of the Party\\\" was released alongside \\\"Breaking In\\\", and was projected to gross $18–21 million from 3,656 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $4.9 million on its first day, including $700,000 from Thursday night previews, down from the $985,000 McCarthy's \\\"The Boss\\\" grossed in March 2016, and similar to the $650,000 grossed by \\\"Snatched\\\" on the Thursday before the same weekend the previous year. The film went on to debut to $17.9 million, and finished second behind \\\"\\\" ($62 million in\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7251467\",\n \"text\": \"Ingrid Lacey Ingrid Marcella Lacey (born 6 November 1958) is a British actress. She is known for her role as Helen Cooper in the Channel 4 sitcom \\\"Drop the Dead Donkey\\\" (1993–98). Her film appearances include \\\"Funny Man\\\" (1994), \\\"In Love and War\\\" (1996) and \\\"The Cat's Meow\\\" (2001). Lacey is best known for her role as Helen Cooper in \\\"Drop the Dead Donkey\\\". She was born in Surrey, UK and educated at Godalming College and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 1981. She has acted in films, radio, TV series and theatre productions, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Ingrid Lacey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19302827\",\n \"text\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter) \\\"Life of the Party\\\" is the sixth episode of the second season of the American television series \\\"Agent Carter\\\", inspired by the films \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\", and the Marvel One-Shot short film also titled \\\"Agent Carter\\\". It features the Marvel Comics character Peggy Carter teaming up with former adversary Dottie Underwood, and is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. The episode was written by Eric Pearson and directed by Craig Zisk. Hayley Atwell reprises her role as Carter from the film series, and is joined\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Agent Carter)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2625702\",\n \"text\": \"Crow\\\". Tarbuck played Helen Golightly in the BBC radio programme \\\"Clare in the Community\\\" from series 5 to series 9, taking over from Gemma Craven for BBC Radio 4. She has also appeared in other shows for BBC Radio 4, such as \\\"Just a Minute\\\" and a story about Jayne Mansfield. In December 2016 she presented \\\"Remembering Ronnie Corbett\\\", a tribute to the late comedy star. In October 2017 she appeared on \\\"Front Row\\\" with Harry Hill. In December 2017 she was a guest on \\\"Saturday Live\\\". In January 2018 she was a guest on \\\"Great Lives \\\", talking about\",\n \"title\": \"Liza Tarbuck\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19997848\",\n \"text\": \"Donald James Parker. He landed his first movie role at the age of 17 in the movie Dog Years starring Burt Reynolds, Chevy Chase, and Ariel Winter, and was directed by Adam Rifkin. Walter landed a role in the movie \\\"Life of the Party\\\", directed by Ben Falcone, starring Melissa McCarthy, Stephen Root, Maya Rudolph, Matt Walsh, and Christina Aguilera. He began his television debut at the age of 18 when he started working with Jupiter Entertainment starring in TV series made for Investigation Discovery such as Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda, Murder Calls, and #Murder. Walter James Billingham II\",\n \"title\": \"Walter James Billingham II\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18072706\",\n \"text\": \"Smith & Stacey Dash. The track was digitally edited and arranged by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. The original version, slower with an R&B, Hip Hop vibe was produced by Kelly Keys. However both versions were recorded and mixed by Dan “Deezy” Naim at “The Cave” Woodland Hills, California. The song was later mastered by Big Bass Brain Gardner at the infamous Bernie Grunmand Mastering lab in Hollywood, California. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" plays for 3 minutes and 57 seconds in common time and at a tempo of 123 beats per minute. It is a dance, dubstep, R&B, and hip hop song\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661708\",\n \"text\": \"from Dan, making Deanna filled with shame. Deanna tries to make amends with Maddie, but she tells her that she is leaving college since she has no means of completing the rest of the year on her own. The girls then come up with a plan to throw a party to raise money to pay for Deanna's tuition. Since everyone is at Christina Aguilera concert, Helen posts the message on her Twitter, claiming Aguilera will be at the party after her show. Christine shows up with her husband, as do Mike and Sandy. Mike offers to give Deanna a 401K\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16214314\",\n \"text\": \"Ben Falcone Benjamin Scott Falcone (born August 25, 1973) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. He is married to actress Melissa McCarthy, with whom he has two children. He had co-starring roles in \\\"What to Expect When You're Expecting\\\" and \\\"Enough Said\\\", and also had small roles in \\\"Bridesmaids\\\", \\\"Identity Thief\\\", \\\"The Heat\\\", and \\\"Life of the Party\\\" all of which starred his wife. Falcone made his directorial debut in 2014 with \\\"Tammy\\\", which he co-wrote with McCarthy, and also directed, co-wrote and produced \\\"The Boss\\\" and \\\"Life of the Party\\\", all of which starred McCarthy. Falcone was born\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Falcone\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6145262\",\n \"text\": \"Aneta Corsaut Aneta Louise Corsaut (November 3, 1933November 6, 1995) was an American actress and writer. She is best known for playing Helen Crump on \\\"The Andy Griffith Show\\\" (1963–1968). Born in Hutchinson, Kansas, Corsaut was the daughter of Jesse Harrison and Opal J. (née Swarens) Corsaut. She majored in drama at Northwestern University and studied acting with Lee Strasberg. During her junior year, Corsaut dropped out to pursue a career in acting, although during the run of \\\"The Andy Griffith Show\\\", Corsaut took courses at UCLA with plans to earn her degree. She began her acting career in New\",\n \"title\": \"Aneta Corsaut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20326966\",\n \"text\": \"third, behind \\\"\\\" ($62.1 million in its third week) and \\\"Life of the Party\\\" ($17.9 million); 68% of its audience was female while 73% was over the age of 25. It fell 61% in its second weekend to $6.8 million, finishing fifth at the box office, and another 41% to $4.1 million in its third, finishing sixth. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 76 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"Breaking In\\\" is proof that Gabrielle Union deserves more leading roles — particularly in\",\n \"title\": \"Breaking In (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1743767\",\n \"text\": \"owner Cameron Diaz. She filmed a cameo appearance for \\\"The Limey\\\", but her performance was cut from the movie. Ann-Margret also starred in several television films, including \\\"\\\" (1993) and \\\"Life of the Party\\\" (1999), the latter of which she received nominations for an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She made guest appearances on the television shows \\\"Touched by an Angel\\\" in 2000 and three episodes of \\\"Third Watch\\\" in 2003. In 2001, she made her first appearance in a stage musical, playing the character of brothel owner Mona Stangley in a new\",\n \"title\": \"Ann-Margret\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19661710\",\n \"text\": \"a satisfied Jennifer is briefly seen recording the whole thing on her phone. Later on, Deanna is due to repeat her presentation in class. She is still nervous until Maddie, Helen, Amanda, Debbie, and all the sorority sisters show up to support her, and Deanna manages to give the presentation with ease. At the end of the year, Deanna and Maddie graduate together, with all their friends and family there to support them. Maddie encourages Deanna to throw her cap in the air. She does so, and it hits Dan in the face, losing an expensive earring he was wearing\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2018 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2933766\",\n \"text\": \"Patty Duke Anna Marie \\\"Patty\\\" Duke (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 2016) was an American actress, appearing on stage, film, and television. Her first big break came from her Academy Award winning performance at age 16 for portraying Helen Keller in \\\"The Miracle Worker\\\" (1962), a role that she had originated on Broadway. The following year she was given her own show, \\\"The Patty Duke Show,\\\" in which she played \\\"identical cousins\\\" Cathy and Patty Lane. She later progressed to more mature roles such as that of Neely O'Hara in the film \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\" (1967). Over the\",\n \"title\": \"Patty Duke\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4074511\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Cybill\\\". (She had previously played Shepherd's mother in the 1972 film \\\"The Heartbreak Kid\\\".) She was married to Hardy Ulm, with whom she had five children, from 1943 until his death in 1970. She was then married to James Whitmore from 1972 to 1979. Lindley died of leukemia on October 16, 1997, at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Audra Lindley Audra Marie Lindley (September 24, 1918 – October 16, 1997) was an American actress, most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom \\\"Three's Company\\\" and its spin-off, \\\"The Ropers\\\". Born in Los Angeles, California, Lindley got her\",\n \"title\": \"Audra Lindley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4853914\",\n \"text\": \"include the comedy \\\"Old School\\\" (2003), the superhero film \\\"Daredevil\\\" (2003), the caper film \\\"Art Heist\\\" (2004), and the comedy drama \\\"Life of the Party\\\" (2005). In addition to her acting career, she has directed two episodes for \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" and also founded a production company Calamity Jane. Pompeo married producer Chris Ivery in 2007 and the couple have three children together. Ellen Kathleen Pompeo was born in Everett, Massachusetts, on November 10, 1969, the daughter of Joseph Pompeo and Kathleen Pompeo. Her father was of Italian, English, and Irish descent, while her mother was of Irish ancestry. She was\",\n \"title\": \"Ellen Pompeo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19956988\",\n \"text\": \"Tonight (Emcee N.I.C.E.) \\\"Tonight\\\" is a single by American/Puerto Rican rapper Emcee N.I.C.E.. It was released on October 4, 2014. It was produced by Kelly Keys, and features guest vocals from Suhana Machete. The single made its debut on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 Single Sales Chart at #13 and remained on the charts for 13 weeks. \\\"Tonight\\\" is the follow up single to Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) that featured famed Actress and Fox News Correspondent Stacey Dash. \\\"Tonight\\\" debuted at number #13 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart for the week of November 1, 2014. Its debut\",\n \"title\": \"Tonight (Emcee N.I.C.E.)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2046984\",\n \"text\": \"sold. By 2016, the book had sold more than 31 million copies. In 1967, the book was adapted into the film of the same name, starring Barbara Parkins as Anne, Patty Duke as Neely, Sharon Tate as Jennifer, and Susan Hayward as Helen Lawson, the aging Broadway legend. Susann made a cameo appearance as a reporter at the scene of Jennifer North's suicide. \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\" received scathing reviews, but was a widespread commercial success, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of its year with $44.4 million at the domestic box office, a huge amount for its time. Susann herself\",\n \"title\": \"Jacqueline Susann\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4042896\",\n \"text\": \"Gloria Hendry Gloria Hendry (born March 3, 1949), also known inaccurately as Gloria Henry, is an American actress and former Playboy model. She is best known for her roles in films from the 1970s, most notably: portraying Rosie Carver in 1973's James Bond film \\\"Live and Let Die\\\", which was Roger Moore's first Bond film; and Helen Bradley in the blaxploitation film \\\"Black Caesar\\\", and the sequel, \\\"Hell Up in Harlem\\\". Hendry began her acting career in the 1968 Sidney Poitier film \\\"For Love of Ivy\\\", followed by a small role in the 1970 film \\\"The Landlord\\\". In 1973 she\",\n \"title\": \"Gloria Hendry\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7319172\",\n \"text\": \"of Lost Shoes\\\" scheduled to release in the fall of 2014. He just shot a new pilot for ABC Signature Studios and Amazon in Virginia called \\\"Point of Honor\\\". He wrapped 2 films at the end of 2015 that will be released in 2016. In \\\"Measure of a Man\\\" he stars opposite Luke Wilson and Donald Sutherland and also be looking for Luke's latest film to be released in 2018 starring opposite Melissa McCarthy called \\\"Life of the Party\\\". Aaron's wife is an actress as well. She was the first on-air personality for CMT when she hosted a show called\",\n \"title\": \"Aaron Benward\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6978847\",\n \"text\": \"Gail Strickland Gail Strickland (born May 18, 1947) is an American actress. Strickland was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the daughter of Theodosia and Lynn Strickland, who owned a tire shop. She had featured roles in 1970s films such as \\\"Bound for Glory\\\", \\\"The Drowning Pool\\\" and \\\"Norma Rae\\\". In 1973, she appeared as Sister Ann, in the season four episode, \\\"Almost a Nun's Story\\\", on \\\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\\\". Strickland had a memorable appearance on the television series \\\"M*A*S*H\\\" as Captain Helen Whitfield, a nurse in an ongoing battle with alcoholism. She appeared as Courtney, Jerry's love interest, in\",\n \"title\": \"Gail Strickland\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8847067\",\n \"text\": \"turned to acting. She reportedly was offered the role eventually taken by Diahann Carroll in the 1968-71 TV series \\\"Julia\\\", and appeared in a variety of movies, including \\\"Uptight\\\" (1968), \\\"Blacula\\\" (1972), \\\"Uptown Saturday Night\\\" (1974) and \\\"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\\\" (1975). She established herself as a television actress in the 1970s and 1980s, playing the roles of Helen Grant on \\\"Days of Our Lives\\\" (1975–77) and as Hester-Sue Terhune on \\\"Little House on the Prairie\\\" (1977–83), as well as making appearances on other television shows and movies, including \\\"The Night the City Screamed\\\" (1980). She recorded an album\",\n \"title\": \"Ketty Lester\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1850429\",\n \"text\": \"Rms Riv Vu\\\". After her show ended, she assumed a number of roles that departed from comedy. She appeared in several dramatic roles, most notably in the television movie \\\"Friendly Fire\\\". She appeared as Beatrice O'Reilly in the film \\\"Life of The Party: The Story of Beatrice\\\", a story about a woman fighting her alcoholism. Her other film work includes \\\"The Four Seasons\\\" (1981), \\\"Annie\\\" (1982), and \\\"Noises Off\\\" (1992). She also returned in 2005 to star in a different role as Queen Aggravain in the movie version of \\\"Once Upon a Mattress\\\". She guest-starred in season two of \\\"Desperate\",\n \"title\": \"Carol Burnett\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19896823\",\n \"text\": \"The Party (2017 film) The Party is a 2017 British black comedy film written and directed by Sally Potter. The film was shot in black and white and features a seven-actor ensemble of Patricia Clarkson, Bruno Ganz, Emily Mortimer, Cherry Jones, Cillian Murphy, Kristin Scott Thomas and Timothy Spall. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival and was awarded the Guild Film Prize. The film received positive reviews from critics. Janet, a politician for the opposition party, has just been announced as shadow minister for health\",\n \"title\": \"The Party (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16961465\",\n \"text\": \"of films, including Christopher Guest's \\\"Mascots\\\" where she played Mindy Murray, aka Tammy the Turtle. Other movies released in 2016 include \\\"The Meddler\\\", starring Susan Sarandon and directed by Lorene Scafaria, where Baker played Elaine. Baker also appeared opposite Shirley MacLaine in \\\"The Last Word\\\" and in the film adaptation of the acclaimed \\\"Speech & Debate\\\", playing Ms. Riggi. In 2018, she appeared as Gildred in Melissa McCarthy's \\\"Life of the Party,\\\" and co-starred in Paul Feig's \\\"A Simple Favor\\\". On television, Baker was seen as series regular Sonia on the NBC comedy \\\"Go On\\\", starring Matthew Perry, as a\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18072705\",\n \"text\": \"alongside a long-form music video. The music video broke into the mainstream by TMZ’s subsidiary TooFab. The song received high praise from Russell Simmons Global Grind, saying that “Even though Emcee N.I.C.E. who is really Nice on the mic isn’t a household name as of yet, he soon will be.”. \\\"Life of the Party\\\" features Stacey Dash and Blake Smith was written by Aulsondro “Novelist” Hamilton aka Emcee N.I.C.E. and Stacey Dash and was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy who’s notable hits includes (Dru Hill, Luther Vandross, SWV, Mario (American singer) and more…), with backing vocals by Emcee N.I.C.E., Blake\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18072710\",\n \"text\": \"video has two versions. One version is a 7-minute and 10 second full-length mini-movie while the second one is a 4-minute 12 second TV version both available on YouTube. Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song) \\\"Life of the Party\\\" is a 2012 song performed by American recording artist Emcee N.I.C.E. and features the singing debut of actress Stacey Dash and newcomer Blake Smith. It was produced by Ralph “Phantom” Stacy. It serves as the remix to the original version produced by Kelly Keys in which features just Blake Smith. It was the lead single from Emcee N.I.C.E.’s 2015 debut\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Emcee N.I.C.E. song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401425\",\n \"text\": \"upcoming horse-race. She takes a chance and bets all her money, only to lose everything. Eventually they grow fond of each other and Colonel Joy proposed to Flo by the end of the film. The music heard of the credits at the beginning of the film was added in the 1950s. These credits are also not original but have been redrawn, removing all indication that the film was photographed in Technicolor. The original music survives on Vitaphone disks. The rest of the film, beginning with the first title card (\\\"New York was originally purchased from the Indians...\\\"), has the original\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13960754\",\n \"text\": \"story, but admits to her best friend Helen (O'Hara) that she loves him. However, the next morning he acts as if nothing has happened, even giving her a hard time for committing plagiarism. Upset, she returns to her old lifestyle of wild parties, which includes dancing with and kissing strangers. However, when information reaches her that Gil has been shot, she realizes that she is still in love with him. A month later, Gil returns to college. Stella visits him, and he explains to her that he hates her for what she is and loves her for what she could\",\n \"title\": \"The Wild Party (1929 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16751832\",\n \"text\": \"The Life of the Party (1937 film) The Life of the Party is a 1937 musical comedy film. It recorded a loss of $111,000. On her way to Santa Barbara, California, aspiring singer Mitzi Mantos loses a shoe. A young man named Barry finds it and tries to meet her, while Mitzi and her agent Pauline try to get her an audition with Dr. Molnac for his traveling musical revue. Misunderstandings abound as Mitzi and Barry pretend to be married. Mitzi is actually the daughter of a countess, while Barry will lose a $3 million inheritance if he marries before\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1937 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6005187\",\n \"text\": \"Helen McCrory Helen Elizabeth McCrory (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress. McCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both \\\"The Queen\\\" (2006) and \\\"The Special Relationship\\\" (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film \\\"Charlotte Gray\\\" (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film \\\"Hugo\\\" (2011), Clair Dowar in the James Bond film \\\"Skyfall\\\" (2012), Polly Gray in \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\" (2013–present), and Emma Banville in \\\"Fearless\\\" (2017). She now lives in Suffolk. McCrory was born in Paddington, west London. Her mother, Anne (née Morgans), is Welsh, and her father, Iain McCrory,\",\n \"title\": \"Helen McCrory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4074507\",\n \"text\": \"Audra Lindley Audra Marie Lindley (September 24, 1918 – October 16, 1997) was an American actress, most famous for her role as landlady Helen Roper on the sitcom \\\"Three's Company\\\" and its spin-off, \\\"The Ropers\\\". Born in Los Angeles, California, Lindley got her early start in Hollywood by being a stand-in, which eventually progressed to stunt work, and eventually became a contract player with Warner Bros. In 1943, she went to New York in her mid-20s to work in theater. Among her many Broadway plays during her long career were: \\\"On Golden Pond\\\", \\\"Long Day's Journey into Night\\\", and \\\"Horse\",\n \"title\": \"Audra Lindley\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7299662\",\n \"text\": \"Helen Crump Helen Crump is a fictional dramatic character on the American television program \\\"The Andy Griffith Show\\\" (1960-1968). Helen made her debut in the third-season episode \\\"Andy Discovers America\\\" (1963). Helen was a schoolteacher and became main character Sheriff Andy Taylor's girlfriend. Helen also appeared in \\\"TAGS\\\" spinoff, \\\"Mayberry R.F.D.\\\" (1968 – 1971), and in the \\\"TAGS\\\" reunion telemovie, \\\"Return to Mayberry\\\" (1986). Helen was portrayed by Aneta Corsaut. Helen Crump hails from Kansas and attended college in Kansas City. She majored in journalism. Helen takes up residence in Mayberry and is employed as an elementary schoolteacher. Her uncle,\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Crump\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401423\",\n \"text\": \"can carry with them. They head off to the train station with their luggage of expensive clothes and decide to go to Havana to make some real money. Once Flo and Dot arrive in Havana they find that a millionaire, \\\"A.J. Smith\\\", who invented a famous soft drink, is staying at the hotel. They assume that a mean spirited and snobby acting man is the millionaire but the true millionaire is a young, pleasant and down to earth man. Dot falls in love with Smith, much to Flo's chagrin. Smith, unbeknownst to Flo and Dot, is actually a gigolo looking\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19972857\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Allison Jean Allison (October 24, 1929) is an American actress. She appeared in numerous films and TV series throughout the 1950s to the 1980s. Allison was born in New York City on October 24, 1929. Prolific actress of the small screen, she made her debut on television in the mid-1950s and was credited, over the years, several times to several interpretations. Allison played the character of Helen Yeager in a double episode of \\\"Starsky & Hutch\\\" in 1977 and a host of minor roles and appearances as guest star in dozens of episodes of television series. She also appeared\",\n \"title\": \"Jean Allison\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18196238\",\n \"text\": \"hanging lights. It ends with the waitress reading a note left from Shawn, smiling as the scene fades. The title of the song, \\\"Life of the Party\\\", may give the impression that it's an upbeat dance song, but in an interview, Mendes described the song as not \\\"super happy, but it's also not depressing\\\". The lyrics represent being happy with yourself and figuring out who you are and who you want to be. It was written by two writers from New York, Ido Zmishlany and Scott Harris, though Mendes felt a strong connection to it. The song debuted on the\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (Shawn Mendes song)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6770227\",\n \"text\": \"in flashbacks. Brewster subsequently guest starred on \\\"Empire\\\" and in \\\"The Rifleman\\\" episode, \\\"Jealous Man\\\" in 1962; on \\\"The Dakotas\\\" in 1963; on the 1963 \\\"Perry Mason\\\" episode, \\\"The Case of the Potted Planter\\\", and in the premiere episode of \\\"Kentucky Jones\\\" (1964). Brewster appeared several times in flashbacks, uncredited, as the murdered wife Helen Kimble in \\\"The Fugitive\\\". She appeared in a two episodes of \\\"Death Valley Days\\\", in a 1966 episode of \\\"Family Affair\\\", and in an installment of \\\"Ironside\\\" (1968) before retiring. She reappeared in four episodes of \\\"The New Leave It to Beaver\\\". Diane Brewster died\",\n \"title\": \"Diane Brewster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6770220\",\n \"text\": \"Diane Brewster Diane Brewster (March 11, 1931 – November 12, 1991) was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in television series of the 1950s and 1960s: confidence trickster Samantha Crawford in the western \\\"Maverick\\\"; pretty young second-grade teacher Miss Canfield in \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\"; and doomed wife Helen Kimble in \\\"The Fugitive\\\". Brewster's father was R.R. Brewster, a trial lawyer in Missouri. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri, went to Shawnee Mission High School and studied liberal arts at the University of Kansas at Lawrence. Following her sophomore year at the university,\",\n \"title\": \"Diane Brewster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12687667\",\n \"text\": \"English actor Cedric Hardwicke played Professor Crayton, and popular character actress Mary Wickes portrayed landlady Winona Maxfield. Skip Ward was cast as fellow student Joe Caldwell, and Marion Ross appeared in five episodes as Berg's daughter, Susan Green. Aneta Corsaut (the future Helen Crump on The Andy Griffith Show) appeared in 13 episodes as Irma Howell, a professor's wife. Karyn Kupcinet played a young fellow student of Sarah Green. Her role is very small, and she is heard saying very little dialogue. The plot centers around Sarah Green, a widow in her early sixties, who decides to acquire higher education,\",\n \"title\": \"Mrs. G. Goes to College\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9203293\",\n \"text\": \"Lesley Vickerage Lesley Francesca Vickerage (born 1 July 1961) is an English actress best known for her roles as WPC Jenny Dean in the British television series \\\"Between the Lines\\\", as Lieutenant (later Captain) Kate Butler in \\\"Soldier Soldier\\\", and as Helen Lynley in the British television series \\\"The Inspector Lynley Mysteries\\\". Vickerage was born in Woolwich, London and attended Blackheath High School. She trained at the Drama Studio London. She is an enthusiast of English folk music and is often seen at the annual Chippenham Folk Festival. She played Ellie in \\\"My Good Friend\\\", Helen Lynley in \\\"The Inspector\",\n \"title\": \"Lesley Vickerage\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16136695\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Hudson Street\\\" (1996), and as Mable Maloney in a two-part \\\"Matlock\\\", TV series, The Witness Killings (1991). Kathryn has worked in film, recently for director Daryl Wein in \\\"Lola Versus\\\" starring Greta Gerwig, Debra Winger, and Bill Pullman; and for Paul Moshe Mones in \\\"Dovid Moyer\\\" as Odel, the Orthodox cook. She has also worked with such notable directors as Don Siegel (in Jinxed opposite Bette Midler, 1982 ) and Lamont Johnson in the television movie, Life of The Party and The Story of Beatrice (1982) with Carol Burnett. She has received acting awards, Drama Logue Award best actress\",\n \"title\": \"Kathryn Kates\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17499185\",\n \"text\": \"Jill Melford Jill Melford (born 23 November 1931) is an English actress. The daughter of actor Jack Melford, she attended the Ballet Arts School in New York and made her theatre debut in 1949 as a dancer in a production of \\\"Oklahoma!\\\" in New York, before appearing in other Broadway performances. In 1953 she performed in 'The Seven Year Itch' on the London stage, and later appeared in other stage plays. These include \\\"Auntie Mame\\\", \\\"Ulysses in Night-time\\\", \\\"The Life of the Party\\\", \\\"The Right Honourable Gentleman\\\", \\\"There's a Girl in My Soup\\\", \\\"Not Now, Darling\\\", \\\"Best of Friends\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Jill Melford\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401420\",\n \"text\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film) The Life of the Party is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedy filmed entirely in Technicolor. The musical numbers of this film were cut out before general release in the United States because the public had grown tired of musicals by late 1930. Only one song was left in the picture. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. Flo and Dot work in a Broadway music shop. Flo sings while Dot plays the piano. Their boss complains to them that they\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10492076\",\n \"text\": \"she has left to play a \\\"character role\\\" in a television series. For the 1967 film adaptation, author Susann hoped that the Bette Davis would play the role, but Judy Garland was hired instead. Garland was replaced by Susan Hayward. Lawson made another appearance in the 2008 novel \\\"Candy Everybody Wants\\\" by Josh Kilmer-Purcell, where she acts as a mentor to the protagonist, 15-year-old Jayson Blocher, as he is beginning his career in Hollywood. Helen Lawson Helen Lawson is a fictional character from Jacqueline Susann's best-selling 1966 novel \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\", said to be based largely on legendary stage\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Lawson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4764775\",\n \"text\": \"of songwriters Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby, \\\"Three Little Words.\\\" She did not appear in the film's credits. She appeared on several TV shows in the 1950s and 1960s, principally \\\"Toast of the Town,\\\" later known as \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show.\\\" Kane's final public appearance was on the Sullivan Show on St. Patrick's Day 1965. In addition, she was given overdue tribute in 1958, on \\\"This is Your Life\\\" with Ralph Edwards. It brought a tearful reunion with Helen's old friend, actress Fifi D'Orsay, and a lifelong fan who once sent her money when she was down on her luck.\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Kane\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401427\",\n \"text\": \"of this full version still exists. The Life of the Party (1930 film) The Life of the Party is a 1930 American Pre-Code musical comedy filmed entirely in Technicolor. The musical numbers of this film were cut out before general release in the United States because the public had grown tired of musicals by late 1930. Only one song was left in the picture. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. Flo and Dot work in a Broadway music shop. Flo sings while Dot plays the piano. Their\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9659709\",\n \"text\": \"Life of the Party (2005 film) Life of the Party is a 2005 film with Eion Bailey and Ellen Pompeo. It was written and directed by Barra Grant. Michael Elgin, former high school track star, now in his thirties, is floundering. He keeps life's realities at bay by having too many cocktails a few nights too often. One night, he crashes into a tree, emerges unscathed but catalyzes those who care into organizing an intervention. Michael comes home to find the group waiting: his friends, co-workers, parents, his wife, his new girlfriend. The group is nervous. The psychiatrist who was\",\n \"title\": \"Life of the Party (2005 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9877744\",\n \"text\": \"Couldn't Say No\\\" (1930), in which Lightner was cast in a maudlin dramatic role which did not suit her talents. The picture, consequently, was not very successful. This was followed by another successful picture,\\\"The Life of the Party\\\", which was also shot entirely in Technicolor and was an even bigger hit than \\\"Hold Everything\\\". By the end of 1930 audiences had grown tired of musicals, while Lightner was in the process of shooting three musicals: \\\"Sit Tight\\\" (1931), \\\"Gold Dust Gertie\\\" (1931), and \\\"Manhattan Parade\\\" (1932). They were all released with most of the music cut. This was especially noticeable\",\n \"title\": \"Winnie Lightner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401424\",\n \"text\": \"for a rich woman to pay his meal ticket. Just as Dot is to marry Davidson, LeMaire arrives and exposes the two gold-diggers. Smith, who has fallen in love with Dot, writes a check to LeMaire to cover the amount he lost, and he ends up winning Dot as his future wife. A subplot involves Flo and Colonel Joy (Charles Butterworth), who raises horses. Colonel Joy is attracted to Flo and can't stop talking to her, although she does her best to avoid him. After some time, Flo is convinced by the colonel that his horse can't lose in the\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6049684\",\n \"text\": \"Rebecca Gethings Rebecca Gethings is an English actress best known for her roles in film and television comedies such as \\\"The Thick of It\\\", \\\"Extras\\\", \\\"The Mimic\\\" and \\\"\\\". Gethings has collaborated several times with Armando Iannucci, improvising with the US cast of Veep at the character development stage of Season 1 and Season 3, in which she also appears. Iannucci later cast her as Helen Hatley, the ambitious special adviser to Nicola Murray in the fourth and final series of The Thick of It. She played Lizzie Bunton, the daughter of camp pantomime director Bunny, in the fourth episode\",\n \"title\": \"Rebecca Gethings\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4987684\",\n \"text\": \"Matt Walsh (comedian) Matt Walsh (born October 13, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, director, and writer best known for his role as Neighbor #2 in \\\"Christmas With The Kranks\\\". He also previously starred in short-lived comedy programs such as \\\"Dog Bites Man\\\" on Comedy Central and \\\"Players\\\" on Spike TV, and was a correspondent on \\\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\\\". He has also co-starred in films such as \\\"Ghostbusters\\\", \\\"Life of the Party\\\", \\\"Ted\\\", \\\"Into the Storm\\\", \\\"Brigsby Bear\\\", and \\\"Old School\\\". Walsh was born in Chicago, the fourth of seven children of Dick and Audrey Walsh. He\",\n \"title\": \"Matt Walsh (comedian)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8401426\",\n \"text\": \"sound. According to Warner Bros records the film earned $685,000 domestically and $212,000 foreign. It is unknown whether a copy of this full version still exists. The film only survives in a black and white copy (of the United States release print) made in the 1958 from Associated Artists Productions. Only a black and white copy of the cut print released in the United States (without most of the musical numbers) seems to have survived. The complete film was released intact in countries outside the United States where a backlash against musicals never occurred. It is unknown whether a copy\",\n \"title\": \"The Life of the Party (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6005193\",\n \"text\": \"live in north London. She is an honorary patron of the London children's charity Scene & Heard. McCrory was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to drama. Helen McCrory Helen Elizabeth McCrory (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress. McCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both \\\"The Queen\\\" (2006) and \\\"The Special Relationship\\\" (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film \\\"Charlotte Gray\\\" (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three \\\"Harry Potter\\\" films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film \\\"Hugo\\\" (2011), Clair Dowar in the James\",\n \"title\": \"Helen McCrory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2077034\",\n \"text\": \"the ABC Family series \\\"The Lying Game\\\". In the 2000s, Slater recorded five albums, singing her own compositions and playing the piano. Slater was born in Bethpage, New York, to a Jewish family. Her parents, Alice Joan (née Citrin), a lawyer and nuclear disarmament peace activist based in New York City, and Gerald Slater, a television executive, divorced in 1974. She has a brother, David, who is a lawyer in New York City. Slater attended Great Neck South High School and then transferred to the High School of Performing Arts from which she graduated in 1982. Despite common misconception, she\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Slater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7033291\",\n \"text\": \"Miriam Flynn Miriam Flynn (born June 18, 1952) is an American voice actress and character actress. She is best known as Cousin Catherine in the \\\"National Lampoon's Vacation\\\" and Grandma Longneck in \\\"The Land Before Time\\\" franchises. She has acted in other films and in several television series, the latter including a recurring role as Sister Helen on the Fox/WB sitcom \\\"Grounded for Life\\\". Before breaking into television, Flynn was a member of The Second City improv troupe in 1975. She appeared on stage alongside Shelley Long, George Wendt, Andrea Martin, Catherine O'Hara, and James Belushi. Flynn was a regular\",\n \"title\": \"Miriam Flynn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19497842\",\n \"text\": \"For this performance she won Most Promising Newcomer at the British Independent Film Awards 2013 and was nominated for Best British Newcomer at the 2012 BFI London Film Festival Awards. In 2013, she played a politician in \\\"The Waldo Moment\\\", an episode of the anthology series \\\"Black Mirror\\\". In the same year she was named as one of BAFTA's \\\"Breakthrough Brits\\\" and \\\"Screen International\\\"s \\\"UK Stars of Tomorrow\\\". In 2014, Pirrie starred in the BBC miniseries \\\"The Game\\\", a Cold War spy thriller in which she played an MI5 secretary. The following year she appeared as Sheila Birling in Helen\",\n \"title\": \"Chloe Pirrie\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4673452\",\n \"text\": \"Pancho Villa as Himself\\\" opposite Antonio Banderas. On stage, Bailey appeared in \\\"Equus\\\" at the Pasadena Playhouse, as well as \\\"Spoon River Anthology\\\", \\\"Look Homeward, Angel\\\", and \\\"Dinner at Eight\\\" at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, \\\"Desire and I\\\" at the Access Theatre Santa Barbara, and \\\"Icarus' Mother\\\" at the SBCC Studio Theatre. In 2007, Bailey was awarded a Daytime Emmy for his performance in \\\"Life of the Party\\\". Bailey has had recurring guest-starring roles on the TV series \\\"Dawson's Creek\\\" and \\\"ER\\\". In 2010, Bailey had a recurring role in USA Network’s \\\"Covert Affairs\\\" as Ben Mercer, Annie's\",\n \"title\": \"Eion Bailey\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6149897\",\n \"text\": \"niece in 1991 was discovered and released to the public on Sphere Records. Unlike the majority of recordings made with her family, most tracks from the collection prominently featured Helen on lead vocal. In 2009 Rosanne Cash released her acclaimed album \\\"The List\\\". In publicity for the album Cash repeatedly discussed the impact that Helen Carter (her aunt through marriage) had on her as a musician, performer and as a songwriter. Cash also noted that Helen Carter spent hours teaching her to play guitar. In the 2013 Lifetime Television Movie \\\"Ring of Fire\\\" Helen Carter was portrayed by young singers\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Carter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3724633\",\n \"text\": \"Amy Bruckner Amelia Ellen \\\"Amy\\\" Bruckner (born March 28, 1991) is an American actress and singer noted for her roles in the Disney Channel shows \\\"Phil of the Future\\\" and \\\"\\\". Bruckner has also been featured in Hollywood films such as \\\"Nancy Drew\\\", in which she plays Bess Marvin and in \\\"Rebound\\\" in the role of \\\"Annie\\\". Bruckner was raised in Conifer, Colorado. She has an older sister, Annye Landaverde (nee Bruckner). Amy graduated from Athens Academy in Athens, Georgia, and attended Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Bruckner began her career in the fourth grade, guest\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Bruckner\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1548885\",\n \"text\": \"office herself in \\\"Ada\\\". The same year, she played Rae Smith in Ross Hunter's lavish remake of \\\"Back Street\\\", which also starred John Gavin and Vera Miles. Neither of these films were particularly successful; neither were \\\"I Thank a Fool\\\" (1963) at MGM, \\\"Stolen Hours\\\" (1963), and \\\"Where Love Has Gone\\\" (1964). Hayward was reunited with Joseph Mankiewicz in \\\"The Honey Pot\\\" (1967). Then she replaced Judy Garland as Helen Lawson in the film adaptation of Jacqueline Susann's \\\"Valley of the Dolls\\\" (1967). She received good reviews for her performance in a Las Vegas production of \\\"Mame\\\", but left the\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Hayward\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6005189\",\n \"text\": \"nominated for a 2006 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for her role as Rosalind in \\\"As You Like It\\\" in London's West End. In April 2008, she made a \\\"compelling\\\" Rebecca West in a production of Ibsen's \\\"Rosmersholm\\\" at the Almeida Theatre, London. She appeared in \\\"\\\" (2003), as Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, and in supporting roles in such films as \\\"Interview with the Vampire\\\" (1994), \\\"Charlotte Gray\\\" (2001), \\\"The Count of Monte Cristo\\\" (2002), and \\\"Casanova\\\" (2005). In \\\"The Queen\\\" (2006) she played Cherie Blair, a role she reprised in Peter Morgan's follow-up \\\"The Special Relationship\\\". She appeared in\",\n \"title\": \"Helen McCrory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6587564\",\n \"text\": \"Neva Patterson Neva Louise Patterson (February 10, 1920 – December 14, 2010) was an American actress. Born on a farm near Nevada, Iowa, the daughter of a mailman and a seamstress, Patterson and her parents moved to New York City in 1938. She made her Broadway debut in 1947's \\\"The Druid Circle\\\". In 1952, she played Helen Sherman in \\\"The Seven Year Itch\\\". Her first feature movie was \\\"Taxi\\\" (1953). Other film credits include \\\"The Buddy Holly Story\\\", \\\"All of Me\\\" (1984), and \\\"An Affair to Remember\\\" (1957). Patterson's television credits included \\\"Nichols\\\", in which she played a cantankerous elderly\",\n \"title\": \"Neva Patterson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6145264\",\n \"text\": \"role as Head Nurse Bradley in the 1980s sitcom \\\"House Calls\\\", and also appeared in several episodes of \\\"Matlock\\\" with star Andy Griffith. In addition, Corsaut played the role of nurse Jesse Brewer in 1977 on the long-running ABC soap opera \\\"General Hospital\\\" when long-time portrayer Emily McLaughlin was too ill to work. She returned to the role of Helen Crump in the reunion shows \\\"Return to Mayberry\\\" in 1986 and \\\"The Andy Griffith Show Reunion\\\" in 1993. Corsaut was cast as Kathy McLennan, the young widow of a rancher, in the 1965 episode, \\\"Paid in Full\\\", on the syndicated\",\n \"title\": \"Aneta Corsaut\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12744319\",\n \"text\": \"Minneapolis Symphonies, and sang in long-running engagements at supper clubs at such venues as New York's Pierre and St. Regis Hotels. She guest starred as Helen Barone in \\\"The Sopranos\\\" (2000). Marand married lawyer Irving Salem in 1984 and died in 2008 at the age of 74, in New York City, from brain cancer. She is buried at Greenwood Union Cemetery in Harrison, New York. Patricia Marand Patricia Marand (January 25, 1934 – November 27, 2008) was an American actress and singer, best known for roles in musical theatre. She was nominated for a 1966 Tony Award for her part\",\n \"title\": \"Patricia Marand\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6005192\",\n \"text\": \"playing Polly Gray in \\\"Peaky Blinders\\\". In 2014, McCrory played the title role in the National Theatre's production of \\\"Medea\\\", directed by Carrie Cracknell. Also in 2014, McCrory made a guest appearance on the TV series \\\"Penny Dreadful\\\". She returned as a regular for the show's second season, playing the main antagonist. In August 2016, McCrory was confirmed to play Emma Banville in ITV drama series \\\"Fearless\\\", which began airing in June 2017. On 4 July 2007, McCrory married actor Damian Lewis. They have a daughter, Manon (b. 8 September 2006), and a son, Gulliver (b. 2 November 2007). They\",\n \"title\": \"Helen McCrory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7299668\",\n \"text\": \"Show\\\" and \\\"Mayberry R.F.D.\\\" featuring Helen. Helen, the Authoress (1967 TAGS episode) Helen Crump Helen Crump is a fictional dramatic character on the American television program \\\"The Andy Griffith Show\\\" (1960-1968). Helen made her debut in the third-season episode \\\"Andy Discovers America\\\" (1963). Helen was a schoolteacher and became main character Sheriff Andy Taylor's girlfriend. Helen also appeared in \\\"TAGS\\\" spinoff, \\\"Mayberry R.F.D.\\\" (1968 – 1971), and in the \\\"TAGS\\\" reunion telemovie, \\\"Return to Mayberry\\\" (1986). Helen was portrayed by Aneta Corsaut. Helen Crump hails from Kansas and attended college in Kansas City. She majored in journalism. Helen takes up\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Crump\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8705212\",\n \"text\": \"was totally vindicated.\\\" In her feature film work, Whitney has directed actors such as Lindsay Crouse, Austin Pendleton, Blair Brown, Brenda Fricker, and David Strathairn. Her films have received an Oscar nomination, the Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award, an Emmy Award and the George Foster Peabody Award. Whitney grew up in New York City, where she attended the Chapin School. She received a BA in English literature from Sarah Lawrence College in 1965 and a master's degree in Victorian literature from the University of Chicago in 1967. Beginning in 1982, following her acceptance by the Sundance Institute, Whitney wrote and\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"553982\",\n \"text\": \"played by Mark Harmon and a cast featuring Jodie Foster and Harold Ramis, and \\\"Next of Kin\\\" (1989) with Patrick Swayze and Liam Neeson. In the 1990s, after playing the lead female role in the short-lived \\\"My Life and Times\\\", Hunt starred in the series \\\"Mad About You\\\", winning Emmy Awards for her performances in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. For the last year of the show she and Paul Reiser became the first actors ever to be paid $1,000,000 per episode. Hunt directed several episodes of \\\"Mad About You\\\", including the series finale. Her big-screen directorial debut came with\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Hunt\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6997808\",\n \"text\": \"Kate Mara Kate Rooney Mara ( ; born February 27, 1983) is an American actress and fashion model. She is known for her roles as reporter Zoe Barnes in the Netflix political drama \\\"House of Cards\\\" (2013–2014; 2016), computer analyst Shari Rothenberg in the Fox thriller series \\\"24\\\" (2006) and Ben Harmon's vengeful mistress Hayden McClaine in the FX horror miniseries \\\"\\\" (2011). She made her film debut in 1999 with \\\"Random Hearts\\\". She has since appeared in \\\"Brokeback Mountain\\\" (2005), \\\"We Are Marshall\\\" (2006), \\\"Shooter\\\" (2007), \\\"Transsiberian\\\" (2008), \\\"Stone of Destiny\\\" (2008), \\\"The Open Road\\\" (2009), \\\"Transcendence\\\" (2014), \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Kate Mara\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13075887\",\n \"text\": \"Janina Faye Janina Faye ( Smigielski, born 1948) is an English actress and director. She is a daughter of Florence Louisa Jonathan and Jan Smigielski. Her father was a Polish Air Force ace from Squadron 303 during the Battle of Britain. She began her career as an actress in 1956 and includes theatre and television work in addition to many film appearances. In 1961 she appeared as Helen Keller in the William Gibson play, The Miracle Worker. In 1962 she appeared as Anne in the thriller \\\"Don't Talk to Strange Men\\\". In 1971, she appeared in an episode of \\\"Doctor\",\n \"title\": \"Janina Faye\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8791929\",\n \"text\": \"Los Angeles, California. She resided in Los Angeles the final fourteen years of her life. Her funeral was conducted from Pierce Brothers' Mortuary with interment at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Helen Dunbar Helen Dunbar (born Katheryn Burke Lackey, October 10, 1863 – August 28, 1933) was an American theatrical performer and silent film actress. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dunbar first appeared with the Weber & Fields Stock Company, when it began its career on the New York stage. In 1899 she appeared in \\\"Whirl-i-gig\\\" and \\\"The Other Way\\\" at the Weber and Fields Broadway Music Hall. She also worked with the\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Dunbar\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3482284\",\n \"text\": \"actress Zoë Kravitz and the cousin of NBC's Today Show's Al Roker. Roker died in Los Angeles, California, on December 2, 1995, of breast cancer at the age of 66. Roxie Roker Roxie Albertha Roker (August 28, 1929 – December 2, 1995) was a Bahamian American actress who portrayed Helen Willis on the CBS sitcom \\\"The Jeffersons\\\" (1975–1985), half of the first interracial couple to be shown on regular prime time television. She was the mother of rock artist Lenny Kravitz. Roker was born in Miami, Florida. Her mother, Bessie (née Mitchell), was from Georgia and worked as a domestic,\",\n \"title\": \"Roxie Roker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3794389\",\n \"text\": \"Helen Shipman Helen Shipman (February 5, 1899–April 13, 1984) was an American singer, dancer and actress who starred in various Broadway musicals and musical comedies and who also acted in movies. Helen Shipman was the daughter of William H. and Annie L. (Mitchell) Shipman of Pennsylvania. Her full name was Helen Phyllis Shipman. Helen's mother was a stage actress of some note in her youth, and her father was a printer who died in 1925. Her exact date of birth is unknown; however, it is believed that she was born in 1899. Helen began performing at the age of three\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Shipman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6149896\",\n \"text\": \"life in 1998 at age 70. Her interment was next to her son, Kenneth, in Hendersonville Memory Gardens in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Buried nearby in the same cemetery are her parents, Ezra and Maybelle Carter, and her sisters, June and Anita. Helen's song \\\"Heart Full of Shame\\\" was used in the 2003 movie \\\"Northfork\\\". \\\"Juke Box Blues\\\", co-written with Maybelle, was used in the 2005 movie \\\"Walk the Line\\\". Helen Carter was portrayed by actress Janet McMahan in the musical \\\"Wildwood Flower: The June Carter Story\\\". In 2006, a forgotten set of recordings that Helen made with her sisters and a\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Carter\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2077037\",\n \"text\": \"(1988) with longtime friend Melanie Mayron, \\\"City Slickers\\\" (1991) with Billy Crystal, the steamy \\\"A House in the Hills\\\" (1993) with Michael Madsen, and the action-crime drama \\\"No Way Back\\\" opposite Russell Crowe (1996). Other noteworthy performances were seen in films including \\\"\\\" (1993), \\\"Betrayal of the Dove\\\", and opposite Andy Richter in \\\"Seeing Other People\\\" (2004). Slater has appeared on episodes of various television series, including \\\"The New Adventures of Old Christine\\\", \\\"Supernatural\\\", four episodes as the voice of Talia in \\\"\\\", and others. She was a series regular on the half-season run of the 1990 ABC newsroom drama\",\n \"title\": \"Helen Slater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6770228\",\n \"text\": \"from heart failure in 1991, aged 60. Diane Brewster Diane Brewster (March 11, 1931 – November 12, 1991) was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in television series of the 1950s and 1960s: confidence trickster Samantha Crawford in the western \\\"Maverick\\\"; pretty young second-grade teacher Miss Canfield in \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\"; and doomed wife Helen Kimble in \\\"The Fugitive\\\". Brewster's father was R.R. Brewster, a trial lawyer in Missouri. She was born in Kansas City, Missouri, went to Shawnee Mission High School and studied liberal arts at the University of Kansas at Lawrence.\",\n \"title\": \"Diane Brewster\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7033295\",\n \"text\": \"(2011). Miriam Flynn Miriam Flynn (born June 18, 1952) is an American voice actress and character actress. She is best known as Cousin Catherine in the \\\"National Lampoon's Vacation\\\" and Grandma Longneck in \\\"The Land Before Time\\\" franchises. She has acted in other films and in several television series, the latter including a recurring role as Sister Helen on the Fox/WB sitcom \\\"Grounded for Life\\\". Before breaking into television, Flynn was a member of The Second City improv troupe in 1975. She appeared on stage alongside Shelley Long, George Wendt, Andrea Martin, Catherine O'Hara, and James Belushi. Flynn was a\",\n \"title\": \"Miriam Flynn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3428475\",\n \"text\": \"Amy Smart Amy Lysle Smart (born March 26, 1976) is an American actress and former fashion model. Smart began her career modeling in Italy and subsequently enrolled in acting school. Her first role in film was in director Martin Kunert's film \\\"Campfire Tales.\\\" She has since appeared in numerous films, including \\\"Varsity Blues\\\" (1999), \\\"Road Trip\\\" (2000), \\\"Rat Race\\\" (2001), \\\"The Butterfly Effect\\\" (2004), \\\"Just Friends\\\" (2005), \\\"Mirrors\\\" (2008), and Tyler Perry's \\\"The Single Moms Club\\\" (2014). Her television work includes a recurring role on \\\"Felicity\\\" (1999–2001). Smart was born in Topanga, California. Her mother, Judy Lysle (née Carrington), worked\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Smart\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19896831\",\n \"text\": \"Prize at the 2017 Berlin International Film Festival. The Party (2017 film) The Party is a 2017 British black comedy film written and directed by Sally Potter. The film was shot in black and white and features a seven-actor ensemble of Patricia Clarkson, Bruno Ganz, Emily Mortimer, Cherry Jones, Cillian Murphy, Kristin Scott Thomas and Timothy Spall. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section of the 67th Berlin International Film Festival and was awarded the Guild Film Prize. The film received positive reviews from critics. Janet, a politician for the opposition party, has\",\n \"title\": \"The Party (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10275654\",\n \"text\": \"Reiko Sato Reiko Sato (December 19, 1931 – May 28, 1981) was an American dancer and actress. Sato was born in Los Angeles, California to issei farm operator, Tonezo Sato and his wife Chieko. She and her family were interned at the Gila River War Relocation Center during World War II. Her mother became a real estate investor after the war; Reiko also had many siblings. She graduated from Belmont High School in 1949, later attending Los Angeles City College. She continued her studies in ballet. Sato is best known for playing seamstress Helen Chao in the 1961 feature film\",\n \"title\": \"Reiko Sato\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who played helen on life of the party"}}},{"rowIdx":296,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["John Roberts"],"string":"[\n \"John Roberts\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"14949834","text":"John Roberts (actor) John Roberts (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and writer who voices Linda Belcher on the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\". Roberts currently voices Linda, the doting matriarch of the Belcher family, in the Fox animated primetime comedy \"Bob's Burgers\". He has said in interviews that he based the voice of Linda on that of his own mother, Marge. He has appeared several times on NBC's \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" and \"Watch What Happens: Live\", has co-written a pilot for MTV with Bob Odenkirk and performed in two national tours for Margaret","title":"John Roberts (actor)"},{"id":"15534405","text":"Bob's Burgers (season 2) The second season of the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\" began airing on Fox in the United States on , and concluded on . The season was produced by Wilo Productions and Buck & Millie Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, and is distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, along with its other seasons. Actors H. Jon Benjamin, John Roberts, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman and Kristen Schaal reprised their roles as Bob Belcher, Linda Belcher, Tina Belcher, Gene Belcher and Louise Belcher. These characters are all a part of the Belcher family, a nuclear","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 2)"},{"id":"14573515","text":"Bob's Burgers Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard that premiered on Fox on January 9, 2011. The series centers on the Belcher family – parents Bob and Linda and their children Tina, Gene and Louise – who run a hamburger restaurant. The show was conceived by Bouchard after he developed \"Home Movies\". It is produced and distributed in association with 20th Century Fox Television. While reviews for the first season were mixed, feedback for subsequent seasons has been much more positive. The series premiere, \"Human Flesh\", drew in 9.39 million viewers, making it the highest-rated","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"15534403","text":"Bob's Burgers (season 1) The first season of the American animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\" began airing on Fox in the United States on January 9, 2011, and concluded on May 22, 2011. Thirteen episodes long, the season was produced by Bento Box Entertainment in association with 20th Century Fox Television. The series follows the family—father Bob, mother Linda, daughters Louise and Tina Belcher, and son Gene. The show features the voices of H. Jon Benjamin, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman, John Roberts and Kristen Schaal in their roles of the Belcher family. The series premiere, \"Human Flesh\", was broadcast directly after","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 1)"},{"id":"14573527","text":"Benjamin, Rachel Hastings, Justin Hook, Dan Mintz, and Mike Olsen have also written or co-written episodes. After the writing has been completed, the voice actors read the script as written, but later are allowed to improvise lines. The editors and writer decide what improvised lines make the final cut. \"Bob's Burgers\" has five main cast members: H. Jon Benjamin as Bob Belcher, John Roberts as Linda Belcher, Dan Mintz as Tina Belcher, Eugene Mirman as Gene Belcher, and Kristen Schaal as Louise Belcher. The components of a hamburger fall into place on a white screen, and Bob's hands appear underneath","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"14573517","text":"for Outstanding Animated Program seven consecutive times, winning in 2014 and 2017. On October 7, 2015, Fox renewed the series for the seventh and eighth production cycles. On March 27, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a ninth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. A feature film of the animated television series is in the works and is scheduled for a July 17, 2020 release. The show centers on the Belcher family—Bob, Linda, and their children Tina, Gene, and Louise; who run a burger restaurant on Ocean Avenue in an unnamed seaside community (informally known as \"Seymour's Bay\" among","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"14573523","text":"(Jenny Slate), Jocelyn (John Roberts), and Regular-Sized Rudy (Brian Huskey). Mr. Frond (David Herman) is the guidance counselor at their school. Other recurring characters include customers Teddy (Larry Murphy) and Mort (Andy Kindler), as well as Linda's eccentric sister Gayle (Megan Mullally), and the Belchers' sometimes-meddling landlord, Calvin Fischoeder (Kevin Kline) and his brother Felix (Zach Galifianakis). Bob is frequently antagonized by health inspector Hugo (Sam Seder), Linda's ex-fiancé who holds a grudge against Bob and constantly schemes to get the restaurant shut down, though his plans are often revealed to the Belchers by his easy-going assistant, Ron (Ron Lynch).","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"20553611","text":"Herman as both Marshmallow and Trev, Jack McBrayer as Marbles, John Early as Dalton Crespin, Todrick Hall as Miss Triple X-Mas, Andy Kindler as Mort, and Matt Berninger as a singer. If first aired on FOX on December 10, 2017. In this episode the Belcher family tries to find the thief of the top of their Christmas tree. Linda Belcher (John Roberts) has a dream about a Christmas party and decides to throw one in the family restaurant together with her husband Bob (H. Jon Benjamin). When she hears that the town's gay nightclub is closed for legal reasons, she","title":"The Bleakening (Bob's Burgers)"},{"id":"14573546","text":"fans of the show have ever had,\" while being appealing to new audiences. On July 18, 2018, Loren Bouchard said that the script has been submitted and accepted to the studios. The movie will be a musical comedy and will involve Louise and Kuchi Kopi inside her fantasy world as a minor subplot. Bob's Burgers Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard that premiered on Fox on January 9, 2011. The series centers on the Belcher family – parents Bob and Linda and their children Tina, Gene and Louise – who run a hamburger restaurant. The","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"16917595","text":"in August 2012: \"There's a good Thanksgiving one with Kevin Kline as the weird landlord with the eyepatch. It's funny, the family gets co-opted into pretending to be his family so that he can get laid.\" The episode features a song entitled \"The Thanksgiving Song\", which is sung by the character Linda Belcher over the episode's ending credits. John Roberts, who voices Linda, improvised the entire song during the episode's recording. The \"Bob's Burgers\" writing staff later named it their fourth favorite song from the series. On November 16, 2012, American indie rock band The National released a slower, more","title":"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal"},{"id":"8574955","text":"Dan Mintz Daniel Alexander Mintz (born September 25, 1981) is an American comedian, voice actor and writer best known for his role as Bob's oldest daughter Tina Belcher on the animated show \"Bob's Burgers\". As a comedian, he is known for his extremely deadpan delivery, keeping his eyes fixed straight ahead and never looking toward the camera or audience. Born to a Jewish family, Mintz grew up in Anchorage, Alaska. He is a graduate of Harvard University, where he wrote for \"The Harvard Lampoon\". He landed his first writing job at Comedy Central's \"Crank Yankers\", then worked on \"Last Call","title":"Dan Mintz"},{"id":"8883442","text":"Kristen Schaal Kristen Joy Schaal (; born January 24, 1978) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, and writer. She is best known for her voice roles as Louise Belcher on \"Bob's Burgers\" and Mabel Pines on \"Gravity Falls\", as well as for playing Mel on \"Flight of the Conchords\", Hurshe Heartshe on \"The Heart, She Holler\" and Carol on \"The Last Man on Earth\". She also provides several voices for \"BoJack Horseman\", most notably for the character of Sarah Lynn, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Other roles include Amanda","title":"Kristen Schaal"},{"id":"8883456","text":"Kristen Schaal Kristen Joy Schaal (; born January 24, 1978) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, and writer. She is best known for her voice roles as Louise Belcher on \"Bob's Burgers\" and Mabel Pines on \"Gravity Falls\", as well as for playing Mel on \"Flight of the Conchords\", Hurshe Heartshe on \"The Heart, She Holler\" and Carol on \"The Last Man on Earth\". She also provides several voices for \"BoJack Horseman\", most notably for the character of Sarah Lynn, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Other roles include Amanda","title":"Kristen Schaal"},{"id":"17328602","text":"school (Bob and Deliver), Linda goes to her high school reunion and ends up singing there (Purple Rain-Union), the family tries to create a local Super Bowl advertisement (Easy Com-mercial, Easy Go-mercial), and the kids set up a trap for Santa Claus (Christmas in the Car). Guest stars returning include Will Forte, John Michael Higgins, Rob Huebel, Ken Jeong, Kevin Kline, Megan Mullally, Laura and Sarah Silverman, and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as new guest stars that include Bobcat Goldthwait, Jordan Peele, and Molly Shannon. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers (season 4) The fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 4)"},{"id":"14949835","text":"Cho as well as her Showtime special. Roberts first gained attention as one of the standout performer/writers on the YouTube follow up \"Jackie & Debra\" which won The Comedy Smalls award in London. He has over 20 million hits on YouTube and has made videos with the likes of Debbie Harry and David Cross. He performs several times a year at NYC's Joe's Pub and has signed a publishing deal with French Kiss Records. Roberts is openly gay. John Roberts (actor) John Roberts (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and writer who voices Linda Belcher","title":"John Roberts (actor)"},{"id":"19029418","text":"The Hauntening \"The Hauntening\" is the third episode of the sixth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 91st episode overall. It was written by Steven Davis and Kevin Yu who won an Annie Award, and was directed by Jennifer Coyle. Guest star is Max Greenfield who voices boyband member Boo Boo. It first aired in the United States on October 18, 2015 at Fox Network. In this episode, the Belcher family goes to a haunted house on Halloween, where the parents want to scare their children, especially Louise. In the family restaurant Bob and Linda","title":"The Hauntening"},{"id":"8574957","text":"\"The Stranger\", at Comedy Works in Denver in July 2013. The album was released in 2014 through Comedy Central Records. Mintz resides in Los Angeles, California. Mintz married fellow comedian Margie Kment on May 29, 2011. Dan Mintz Daniel Alexander Mintz (born September 25, 1981) is an American comedian, voice actor and writer best known for his role as Bob's oldest daughter Tina Belcher on the animated show \"Bob's Burgers\". As a comedian, he is known for his extremely deadpan delivery, keeping his eyes fixed straight ahead and never looking toward the camera or audience. Born to a Jewish family,","title":"Dan Mintz"},{"id":"15484269","text":"Art Crawl \"Art Crawl\" is the eighth episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 20, 2011. The episode was written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, and was directed by Kyounghee Lim. According to the Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.43 million viewers during its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Jerry Minor, Megan Mullally, Larry Murphy, Sam Seder, Laura Silverman and Sarah Silverman. To avoid Linda's fragile sister Gayle (Megan Mullally), who is hanging her paintings","title":"Art Crawl"},{"id":"15687789","text":"Bed & Breakfast (Bob's Burgers) \"Bed & Breakfast\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 13, 2011. The episode was written by Holly Schlesinger and directed by Boohwan Lim. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.10 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Melissa Bardin Galsky and Larry Murphy. Linda arrives back at the restaurant after shopping for materials for a bed and breakfast she is going to operate out of","title":"Bed & Breakfast (Bob's Burgers)"},{"id":"13264933","text":"the Simpson family, only for their friendship to turn sour when Pawtucket Patriot Ale is revealed to be a rip-off of Duff. Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, and Hank Azaria guest star as their \"Simpsons\" characters. The episode also includes cameo appearances by Bob Belcher from \"Bob's Burgers\" Fred Flintstone from \"The Flintstones\" and Roger from \"American Dad!\". 20th Century Fox, Gracie Films, and Film Roman produced an animated \"The Simpsons\" film, entitled \"The Simpsons Movie\", that was released on July 27, 2007. The film was directed by long-time \"Simpsons\" producer David Silverman and written by a","title":"The Simpsons (franchise)"},{"id":"15516758","text":"Hamburger Dinner Theater \"Hamburger Dinner Theater\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Hamburger Dinner Theater\" originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States on February 20, 2011. The episode was written by Dan Fybel & Rich Rinaldi and directed by Wes Archer. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.87 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Toby Huss, Larry Murphy, Andy Kindler, Jerry Minor, Sam Seder, Holly Schlesinger and Wendy Molyneux. As the episode begins, Linda is getting ready to go out","title":"Hamburger Dinner Theater"},{"id":"16917598","text":"Thanksgiving Proposal\" was \"not one of the [series'] funnier episodes\" but was nonetheless \"funny in a twisted sort of way\", praising how the Thanksgiving theme was carried out. An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) reluctantly agree to rent out his wife Linda (John Roberts) and their children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) to the family's landlord Calvin Fischoeder (guest voiced by Kevin Kline),","title":"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal"},{"id":"17746331","text":"Christmas in the Car \"Christmas in the Car\" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 53rd episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Bernard Derriman and Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 15, 2013. On November 1, Linda sets up the Christmas tree. When it dies on Thanksgiving, the Belchers get a new one the next day. When it dies on Christmas Eve, the family is forced to seek out a Christmas tree at a far off","title":"Christmas in the Car"},{"id":"20016717","text":"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business \"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business\" is the 10th episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 117th episode overall. It was written by Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux and directed by Tyree Dillihay. Its guest stars are Megan Mullaly as Linda's sister Gayle and John Oliver as Ian Amberson. It originally aired in the US on FOX Network at February 19, 2017. In this episode Bob finds out that Linda has secured a pet agent to fund the showbiz career of Gayle's cat, Mr.","title":"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business"},{"id":"4910908","text":"H. Jon Benjamin Harry Jon Benjamin (born May 23, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for voicing characters, such as Sterling Archer in the animated sitcom \"Archer\"; Bob Belcher in the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\"; Ben, the son of Dr. Katz, in \"Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist\", Satan in \"Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil\"; Coach McGuirk and Jason on \"Home Movies\" and a can of mixed vegetables in the film \"Wet Hot American Summer\". Benjamin was born on May 23, 1966 to a Jewish family in Worcester, Massachusetts and graduated from Worcester Academy in 1984","title":"H. Jon Benjamin"},{"id":"16917588","text":"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) reluctantly agree to rent out his wife Linda (John Roberts) and their children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) to the family's landlord Calvin Fischoeder (guest voiced by Kevin Kline), who wants them to pose as his own family to impress a former flame named Shelby (Lindsey Stoddart) at Thanksgiving dinner. As Thanksgiving goes by, Bob, who has","title":"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal"},{"id":"17924862","text":"The Frond Files \"The Frond Files\" is the 12th episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda Belcher (John Roberts) visiting a Wagstaff School exhibition entitled \"Why I Love Wagstaff.\" Noticing that their children's reports are missing from the exhibition, they confront school guidance counselor Phillip Frond (David Herman), who gives them the discarded reports to read for themselves. The episode is divided into three segments corresponding to each Belcher child's report: Louise's (Kristen Schaal), a \"Terminator\"-inspired science fiction story;","title":"The Frond Files"},{"id":"18813704","text":"hero to her kids (the survivalist streak rings Louise’s bells, and her encounter with horses is exciting enough it might qualify as a birthday present to Tina all by itself). It’s one of those episodes that shows the warm, gooey family center of \"Bob’s Burgers\", focusing on relationships and even letting the Belchers score a win or two—or six, depending on how happy we are for Gene getting a go at all that pumpernickel.\" The episode received a 1.0 rating and was watched by a total of 2.24 million people. This made it the fifth most watched show on Fox","title":"Eat, Spray, Linda"},{"id":"14573525","text":"featured in a test animation based on Bob forgetting about his and Linda's wedding anniversary. This proof of concept eventually turned into the pilot episode. It had the same synopsis as the official pilot (aired in 2011) but had both cosmetic and substantial differences. These included: The original pilot can be seen on the DVD release of the first season, released on April 17, 2012. \"Bob's Burgers\" first appeared on the development slate at Fox on August 6, 2009. On December 1, 2009, Fox ordered 13 episodes for the first season. On May 17, 2010, Fox placed the series on","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"14573545","text":"Cities to Love\". The resultant music video featured the band, animated in the cartoon's style, performing for the Belcher children in Tina's bedroom. In 2016, \"The Bob's Burgers Burger Book\", edited by series creator Bouchard, was released. There are 75 burger recipes pulled from the fan-based blog \"The Bob's Burger Experiment\" based on the Specials of the Day that appear on the chalkboard menu in the show. On October 4, 2017, Fox announced that a \"Bob's Burgers\" movie was in the works to be released on July 17, 2020. Creator Bouchard has said the movie will \"scratch every itch the","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"17924878","text":"as \"easily the funniest act...loose on plot but high on substance.\" The Frond Files \"The Frond Files\" is the 12th episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda Belcher (John Roberts) visiting a Wagstaff School exhibition entitled \"Why I Love Wagstaff.\" Noticing that their children's reports are missing from the exhibition, they confront school guidance counselor Phillip Frond (David Herman), who gives them the discarded reports to read for themselves. The episode is divided into three segments corresponding to each","title":"The Frond Files"},{"id":"19806670","text":"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou? \"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 112th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, its guest stars are Kurt Braunohler as Logan Bush, Erik Griffin as Gerald the accountant and David Herman who voices Mr. Frond, a director and Logan's friend. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 20, 2016. In this episode Tina Belcher has detention and Bob and Linda Belcher are in Gerald's office,","title":"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?"},{"id":"5212501","text":"April 4, 2013, Mirman provided the voice for Cecil Tunt, multi-millionaire brother of Cheryl/Carol Tunt on FX's \"Archer\". On March 13, 2016, Mirman appeared on \"Last Week Tonight\" as a hacker. Mirman currently voices the character Gene Belcher on the Fox animated series \"Bob's Burgers\". Mirman lent his guest voice to a character named Emperor Keith Merman in the Netflix original \"The Adventures of Puss in Boots\". In January 2009, Mirman released a satirical self-help book entitled \"The Will to Whatevs\". He often appears on \"StarTalk Radio\", hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson. He has also appeared several times on the","title":"Eugene Mirman"},{"id":"15567682","text":"Sheesh! Cab, Bob? \"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 6, 2011. The episode was written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Jennifer Coyle. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 4.91 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Kevin Kline, Steve Agee, Andy Kindler, David Herman, Jay Johnston, Jack McBrayer and Oscar Nunez. Tina's 13th birthday is coming up, and Linda suggests to Bob that they should","title":"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?"},{"id":"14573516","text":"series premiere of the season and finishing ninth in the ratings for the week it aired. Reruns began airing on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim on June 23, 2013 and began airing in syndication on local stations in September 2015. A comic book series based on the show, published by Dynamite Entertainment, began in September 2014 and a soundtrack album was released on May 12, 2017. In 2013, \"TV Guide\" ranked \"Bob's Burgers\" as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time. The series has been nominated for several awards, including the Emmy Award","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"5750357","text":"I Met Your Mother\". She also had a guest-starring role on the Disney show, \"Shake It Up\", portraying a cranky elderly woman, Mrs. Lacasio, in a retirement home. She also had a guest-starring role on the Nickelodeon show, \"Victorious\" as Robbie's cranky grandmother who needed Robbie's help with the internet. In addition to her numerous guest-starring appearances, Taylor has worked as a voice-actor as the character Mrs. Start in the animated feature film \"\", and in a recurring role as Linda's mother Gloria in the animated Fox series \"Bob's Burgers\". Taylor also played Martha Benson in the film \"Opposite Day\",","title":"Renée Taylor"},{"id":"17517517","text":"and infinitely watchable.\" The episode received a 1.8 rating and was watched by a total of 3.75 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \"American Dad!\", \"Family Guy\" and \"The Simpsons\" with 5.43 million. Seaplane! \"Seaplane!\" is the third episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 48th episode, and is written by Dan Fybel and Rich Rinaldi and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 3, 2013. Linda is dissatisfied by her and Bob's lackluster","title":"Seaplane!"},{"id":"4910918","text":"promoting their variety of meats. Notes H. Jon Benjamin Harry Jon Benjamin (born May 23, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for voicing characters, such as Sterling Archer in the animated sitcom \"Archer\"; Bob Belcher in the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\"; Ben, the son of Dr. Katz, in \"Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist\", Satan in \"Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil\"; Coach McGuirk and Jason on \"Home Movies\" and a can of mixed vegetables in the film \"Wet Hot American Summer\". Benjamin was born on May 23, 1966 to a Jewish family in Worcester, Massachusetts and","title":"H. Jon Benjamin"},{"id":"19806588","text":"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled \"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled\" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 92nd episode. It was written by Lizzie Molyneux and Wendy Molyneux, and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 8, 2015. In the episode, The Belchers' Thanksgiving festivities are put in jeopardy when Bob finds himself staying with an injured Aunt Gayle during a snowstorm. Bob and Thanksgiving cooking are like K-I-S-S-I-N-G. Linda cannot drive in the snow and Gayle is on crutches after she injured her","title":"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled"},{"id":"15228701","text":"and direction of the show changed. Human Flesh \"Human Flesh\" is the pilot episode of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Human Flesh\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2011. The episode was written by Loren Bouchard and Jim Dauterive, and directed by Anthony Chun. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.41 million homes in its original airing, making it the most viewed episode of the series. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Ron Lynch, and Sam Seder. After a number of unsuccessful openings, Bob Belcher and his family","title":"Human Flesh"},{"id":"6151361","text":"Andy Kindler Andy Kindler (born October 16, 1956) is an American comedian from Queens, New York. He played the character \"Andy\", a fellow sportswriter and friend of sportswriter \"Ray Barone\" (Ray Romano) on the TV show \"Everybody Loves Raymond\", was a regular guest on \"Late Show with David Letterman\", contributor to \"The Daily Show\" and has performed on HBO. As a voice actor, Kindler has made numerous appearances on \"Dr. Katz\" and \"Home Movies\" from producer Loren Bouchard. He regularly voices the character of Mort, a mortician and the Belchers' neighbor, on Bouchard's show \"Bob's Burgers\". His material often covers","title":"Andy Kindler"},{"id":"15228692","text":"Human Flesh \"Human Flesh\" is the pilot episode of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Human Flesh\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2011. The episode was written by Loren Bouchard and Jim Dauterive, and directed by Anthony Chun. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.41 million homes in its original airing, making it the most viewed episode of the series. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Ron Lynch, and Sam Seder. After a number of unsuccessful openings, Bob Belcher and his family re-re-open their fast food burger restaurant,","title":"Human Flesh"},{"id":"14573538","text":"best show of 2015. After airing, the show became the highest-rated series premiere of the season and also finished 9th in the ratings for the week it aired. Despite this, the ratings went on a slide with ratings expert Bill Gorman of \"TV by the Numbers\" calling it a \"toss up\" for renewal before the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on March 11, 2012. Adult Swim acquired the rights to air \"Bob's Burgers\" in 2013. Episodes air six nights a week, with a 1:30 am airing on Sunday and 8:30 pm airings Monday through Friday. An","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"19901554","text":"Wag the Hog \"Wag the Hog\" is the 13th episode of the sixth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 101st episode overall. It was directed by Brian Loschiavo and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Robert Ben Garant as Critter, Wendi McLendon-Covey as Mudflap, Sarah Baker as Bethany, Joe Lo Truglio as Carl, Thomas Lennon as Kenny and Melissa Bardin Galsky as Candace. It aired in the United States on Fox Network on April 10, 2016. In this episode, Bob Belcher and his children try to get Critter out of prison by selling","title":"Wag the Hog"},{"id":"14573526","text":"the primetime slate for the 2010–11 television season. A special preview aired on Thanksgiving on November 25, 2010. Creator Loren Bouchard serves as the executive producer, alongside developer Jim Dauterive. They have served as executive producers since the first season. Dan Fybel and Rich Rinaldi were promoted to executive producers during season 6. The team of writers includes Loren Bouchard, Jim Dauterive, Scott Jacobson, Lizzie Molyneux, Wendy Molyneux, Holly Schlesinger, Nora Smith, Steven Davis, Kelvin Yu, Dan Fybel, Rich Rinaldi, Jon Schroeder, and Greg Thompson. Past writers on the show include Kit Boss, Aron Abrams, and Mike Benner. H. Jon","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"6490569","text":"games for the PlayStation 2. He also made a guest appearance in \"Kim Possible\". Flynn voiced the character Max Flush on the FOX TV show \"Bob's Burgers\" in the episode \"\". As of 2015, he is providing the voice of Chuck, the foster father of the title character in the DC Comics animated web series \"Vixen\". Neil Flynn Neil Richard Flynn (born November 13, 1960) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as The Janitor on \"Scrubs\" and Mike Heck in the ABC comedy series \"The Middle\" (2009–18). Flynn has had notable","title":"Neil Flynn"},{"id":"14573532","text":"the characters in full color, with the credits off to the right hand side. The sequence consists of Bob cooking a burger and Louise and Tina doing prep. Bob places the burger on the plate for Louise to give to Linda, who takes it from the window, and a few seconds later Gene walks through the kitchen wearing his burger costume. Although the kitchen scene is still the main closing sequence the show uses, beginning in season two the producers began to use different elements from the show in the credits. Some examples: Other times, the scene will play out","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"18788310","text":"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise \"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 77th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Boohwan Lim and Kyounghee Lim. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 25, 2015. Bob receives a rejection letter after applying for a plot at the local community garden. He goes to see the garden master, Cynthia Bush, who does not get along with Linda, and who is the mother","title":"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise"},{"id":"14573534","text":"obscure. The first season through the current season of the show are available on the iTunes Store for download & Hulu. The first 8 seasons are available from Amazon Video. \"Bob's Burgers\" initially received mixed reviews for season 1, with a Metacritic score of 54 out of 100. However, by season 2, the ratings had reached a score of 78 out of 100, proving a rise in popularity with praises about its \"daffy comedic momentum\" and how it is \"new and fresh.\" Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 63% score based on 27 reviews with an average rating of","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"19806614","text":"The Hormone-iums \"The Hormone-iums\" is the 14th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 102nd episode, and is written by Lizzie Molyneux and Wendy Molyneux and directed by Chris Song. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 17, 2016. In the episode, Tina gets her chance to be soloist of the Hormone-iums in a play, but realizes the role could end up ruining her social status. Meanwhile, Linda comes up with a business plan that she thinks will make the Belchers rich. Tina gets her wish for Wagstaff fame,","title":"The Hormone-iums"},{"id":"19029430","text":"Sacred Couch \"Sacred Couch\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 97th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Brian Loschiavo. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 6, 2016. In the episode, Linda tries to convince the Belchers to not replace their old couch with a new one, and Louise decides to take matters into her own hands. A hit is ordered on the family sofa when Bob and Louise lose the vote to replace the eyesore. At first, Bob and the","title":"Sacred Couch"},{"id":"14573542","text":"has taken the place of Bob Belcher, with Bob inexplicably missing. The menu board touts the \"Thomas Elphinstone Hambledurger, with Manning Coleslaw\", a play on amnesiac secret agent Tommy Hambledon, a character in a series of novels by Manning Coles. \"Homerland\", the season 25 premiere episode of \"The Simpsons\", features a couch gag in which the Belcher family (skinned yellow according to the standard character coloring of the series) attend a 25th anniversary party in the Simpson family living room with the main characters of their fellow Animation Domination series. Bob made another cameo in the episode \"The Girl Code\",","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"17746338","text":"by a total of 5.57 million people. This made it the third most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \"American Dad!\" but losing to \"Family Guy\" and \"The Simpsons\" with 8.48 million. Christmas in the Car \"Christmas in the Car\" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 53rd episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Bernard Derriman and Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 15, 2013. On November 1, Linda sets up the Christmas tree.","title":"Christmas in the Car"},{"id":"19806678","text":"produce their own version of the annual Thanksgiving play and Linda finds a potato that resembles her late grandfather. Alasdair Wilkins from \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a \"B+\" and wrote that \"that speaks to how all the Belchers function: sometimes as a bridge to us in the audience, but mostly just there to support their equally silly loved ones. It’s a winning combination.\" The episode received a 1.2 rating and was watched by a total of 2.46 million people. The Quirkducers \"The Quirkducers\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\"","title":"The Quirkducers"},{"id":"19806633","text":"Glued, Where's My Bob? \"Glued, Where's My Bob?\" is the 19th episode of sixth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu, the episode features guest appearances from actors Rob Huebel, Kumail Nanjiani, and Keegan-Michael Key, as well as appearances by recurring guest stars Pamela Adlon, Ken Jeong, Tim Meadows, and Jenny Slate. Its main plot sees Gene Belcher (Eugene Mirman), Louise Belcher (Kristen Schaal), and Tina (Dan Mintz) getting into a normal fight which causes Bob to end up in a sticky situation, where he learns that a journalist is coming","title":"Glued, Where's My Bob?"},{"id":"14573522","text":"have a small but loyal group of regular customers, including the aforementioned Mort, and Teddy, a local handyman. The Belcher family runs a hamburger restaurant. There are various recurring characters in the series including Jimmy Pesto, Sr. (Jay Johnston), Bob's primary business rival who owns an Italian-themed restaurant across the street, and his sons Jimmy Jr. (Benjamin), Tina's love interest, and hyperactive and childish twins Andy (Laura Silverman) and Ollie (Sarah Silverman), who are friends of Louise. They get along well, despite the enmity between their fathers. Other friends, and frenemies, of the Belcher kids include Zeke (Bobby Tisdale), Tammy","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"14573539","text":"additional episode airs every Monday through Thursday at 9:00 pm. Adult Swim currently has rights to all five seasons of \"Bob's Burgers\" and recently began airing the season five episodes on Mondays. 20th Television began distributing \"Bob's Burgers\" to local stations in 2015. The syndication package began airing on its affiliates on the weekend of September 19–20, 2015, and two episodes air each weekend. The series also premiered on September 26, 2016 on TBS and airs Mondays afternoons (along with \"Family Guy\", \"American Dad!\", and \"The Cleveland Show\") and on Friday nights. On January 6, 2011, some Fatburger locations were","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"13632076","text":"an identity identical to the main protagonist of \"Bob's Burgers\". John Roberts reprises his role as Linda for the appearance. Reed devised the idea of a \"Bob's Burgers\" crossover because he was a fan of the series. According to H. Jon Benjamin, \"He asked me to ask Loren Bouchard, [...] so I was the middle man. It went really smoothly. It was around a 15-20 second phone call—then they turned it over to hundreds of thousands of lawyers.\" The characters of \"Archer\" have appeared in other media as part of broad marketing campaigns for the show. \"Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue\"","title":"Archer (2009 TV series)"},{"id":"3301288","text":"second, third, fourth, and fifth seasons of the show. In 2014, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his work in the third season. Cole currently provides the voice of Sergeant Boscoe on \"Bob's Burgers\" and Principal Shepherd on \"Family Guy\". Cole married actress Teddi Siddall on March 8, 1992. Their daughter Mary is pursuing an acting career. On June 19, 2017, the couple announced they were divorcing. Gary Cole Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. Cole began his professional acting career","title":"Gary Cole"},{"id":"15534412","text":"this episode does feature the best non sequitur gag you're ever likely to hear about the Parliament song \"Aqua Boogie\"\". The season was first broadcast on the Global Television Network in Canada on March 11, 2012, between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., as part of the \"Animation Rules\" comedy television block. It has the same schedule as the Fox network for the season. In the United Kingdom, the season premiered on May 1, 2012, at 10:30 p.m., on E4, (it is shown after the other FOX animated series, \"The Cleveland Show\"). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers (season 2) The second season of","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 2)"},{"id":"19806677","text":"The Quirkducers \"The Quirkducers\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 113th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Mauricio Pardo. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 20, 2016. In the episode, Gene and Louise decide to sabotage the annual Thanksgiving play to save their long weekend, but Tina provides her fan fiction as the subject matter, leading the kids to work on their own version. Meanwhile, Linda finds a potato that resembles her deceased grandfather. The Belcher kids","title":"The Quirkducers"},{"id":"7968580","text":"Jennifer Irwin Jennifer Irwin (born June 17, 1968) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Linda on \"Still Standing\" and as Maria Ganitisis in the comedy \"Superstar\". Irwin is a 1990 graduate of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. She worked with The Second City in the mid-1990s, and starred in the HBO series \"Eastbound & Down\". She played Carol in Kerri Kenney-Silver's \"Dame Delilah\" web series. At the 6th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2005) she was nominated for Pretty Funny Female. She was nominated for a Gemini Award for her performance \"Slings and Arrows\". In 2010, the","title":"Jennifer Irwin"},{"id":"17328601","text":"Bob's Burgers (season 4) The fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" began airing on Fox in the United States on September 29, 2013, and concluded on May 18, 2014. The show was once again part of Fox's Sunday night lineup, initially airing in its usual timeslot of 8:30 PM Eastern. Beginning on March 9 and continuing for the rest of the season, \"Bob's Burgers\" moved to 7:00 PM Eastern; the move came as a result of the addition of \"\" to the network's lineup. In this season, Bob subs as the home economics teacher at the kids'","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 4)"},{"id":"17517496","text":"was watched by a total of 3.17 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \"American Dad!\", \"Family Guy\" and \"The Simpsons\" with 4.20 million. My Big Fat Greek Bob \"My Big Fat Greek Bob\" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 49th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Don MacKinnon. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 10, 2013. Gretchen asks Linda to help her host \"marital aid\" parties for women. For","title":"My Big Fat Greek Bob"},{"id":"17023302","text":"an episodic storyline that gets the two Belchers into a situation where this is plausible. It needs to have a strong enough character base for Linda that Louise can imitate her well, and also that Linda would get so caught up that she couldn’t help but play along. The “songs” themselves need to be funny. The animation needs to be good enough to convey the mockery. Finally, the voice actors need to be excellent. Bob’s Burgers had all those things tonight. It’s not the first time that it’s happened. And it looks like \"Bob’s Burgers\" is getting to the point","title":"Mother Daughter Laser Razor"},{"id":"14573528","text":"to hold it. The other family members appear around him one at a time, beginning with Linda and ending with Louise. Linda puts her arm around Bob, Tina stands expressionless, Gene plays a sound effect on his keyboard, and Louise poses for the camera. The restaurant then materializes behind them and the neighboring businesses slide into place, with a funeral parlor at screen left, and the street slides into view in front. A \"Grand Opening\" banner is placed over the door, followed by a series of mishaps: a fire, an infestation of vermin, and a car knocking down a utility","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"19806620","text":"Bye Bye Boo Boo \"Bye Bye Boo Boo\" is the 16th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 104th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2016. In the episode, after hearing that Boo Boo is leaving Boyz 4 Now, Louise enters a contest that could finally give Tina a chance to meet him. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda learn about a mobster who got shot in the restaurant in 1931, which causes tension between Bob and","title":"Bye Bye Boo Boo"},{"id":"17108932","text":"by having her put her foot down and try to prove she’s not just an overly nice pushover. Rather, Linda stayed true to her roots while also showing Bob why these traits are important to have and why it makes them work together so well, both as a couple and as co-workers in the restaurant.\" Dyanamaria Leifsson of TV Equals said this and last week's episode \"featured a great sampling of strange Belcher songs. \"Bob’s Burgers\" can write a heck of a story, packed with brilliant one-liners, but they can also write a borderline annoying tune that makes you laugh","title":"Lindapendent Woman"},{"id":"16852995","text":"Bob Fires the Kids \"Bob Fires the Kids\" is the third episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) firing his children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) from the family restaurant for the summer, not wanting to deprive them of normal childhood experiences as his own father did. However, when the children grow bored of summer activities, they seek employment at a local farm, which unbeknownst to them grows marijuana. The episode also sees the return","title":"Bob Fires the Kids"},{"id":"19029433","text":"and was watched by a total of 2.64 million people. Sacred Couch \"Sacred Couch\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 97th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Brian Loschiavo. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 6, 2016. In the episode, Linda tries to convince the Belchers to not replace their old couch with a new one, and Louise decides to take matters into her own hands. A hit is ordered on the family sofa when Bob and Louise lose the","title":"Sacred Couch"},{"id":"17183865","text":"It Snakes a Village \"It Snakes a Village\" is the 18th episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 40th episode. The episode was written by Kit Boss and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 24, 2013. While the restaurant and the house are being fumigated, the Belchers decide to visit Linda's parents retirement community in Florida. Much to the kids' dismay, the retirement community pool is closed for cleaning and they have to find new ways to entertain themselves. Linda discovers that the community","title":"It Snakes a Village"},{"id":"8236723","text":"Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural \"Blue Bloods\", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama \"Third Watch\", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera \"Another World\". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. When Carlson was 13, her family (consisting of her parents, three siblings and her) moved for a year to Amman, Jordan, where her parents had been hired to teach at the American Community School. After returning to the United States, Carlson attended Knox College in","title":"Amy Carlson"},{"id":"17517518","text":"Purple Rain-Union \"Purple Rain-Union\" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 51st episode, and is written by Loren Bouchard and Nora Smith and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 1, 2013. The title of the episode is a reference to the song, film, and album \"Purple Rain\" by Prince. Linda's high school reunion is coming up, and the planner has asked her and her high school band, The Tatas, to play. Linda refuses because the group's debut performance at the talent","title":"Purple Rain-Union"},{"id":"7968581","text":"Canadian Comedy Awards nominated her for Best Performance by a Female in TV for \"Less Than Kind\". Jennifer Irwin Jennifer Irwin (born June 17, 1968) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Linda on \"Still Standing\" and as Maria Ganitisis in the comedy \"Superstar\". Irwin is a 1990 graduate of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. She worked with The Second City in the mid-1990s, and starred in the HBO series \"Eastbound & Down\". She played Carol in Kerri Kenney-Silver's \"Dame Delilah\" web series. At the 6th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2005) she was nominated for Pretty Funny","title":"Jennifer Irwin"},{"id":"19806663","text":"Even when there was an episode actually called “Bad Tina,” the eldest Belcher child had her heart in the right place whenever Tammy wasn’t forcing her otherwise, give or take an occasional snide side comment to Linda.\" Teen-a Witch \"Teen-a Witch\" is the third episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 110th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Betsy Sodaro as Jackie the crossing guard, Billy Eichner as Mr. Ambrose, Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Jay Johnston as Jimmy Pesto, David","title":"Teen-a Witch"},{"id":"983499","text":"of Allison \"Allie\" Lowell. Curtin later starred in the hit series \"3rd Rock from the Sun\" (1996–2001), playing the role of Dr. Mary Albright. Curtin has also appeared in many movie roles, including Charlene in \"The Librarian\" series of movies (2004–2008). She also reprised one of her \"Saturday Night Live\" characters, Prymaat (Clorhone) Conehead, in the 1993 film \"Coneheads\". Curtin was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the daughter of Mary Constance (née Farrell) and John Joseph Curtin, who owned an insurance agency. She grew up in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and graduated from Convent of the Sacred Heart, Newton Country Day, in Newton","title":"Jane Curtin"},{"id":"14573519","text":"the Belcher family lives. The restaurant is sandwiched between two other commercial buildings, one of which houses \"It's Your Funeral Home and Crematorium\", whose owner Mort is a regular at the restaurant. One of the show's running gags involves the other building, which is generally vacant during episodes but has been home to such businesses as \"Uncle Marty's Breast Pumps\", \"Extra Moist Yoga\", \"That's a-Door-a-Bell Doorbells\", and \"Tire-Rhea\". Success is not easy, as Bob must compete with several other eateries for business. His biggest rival is Jimmy Pesto, who owns an Italian restaurant called “Jimmy Pesto’s Pizzeria”, which is located","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"8236726","text":"on October 4,2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\", and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records. Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural \"Blue Bloods\", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama \"Third Watch\", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera \"Another World\". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.","title":"Amy Carlson"},{"id":"15534404","text":"\"The Simpsons\" at 8:00 p.m., and was watched by 9.41 million viewers, making it the highest-rated new series premiere of the season. The season received mixed reviews from television commentators, particularly \"Torpedo\", \"Spaghetti Western and Meatballs\" and \"Art Crawl\", however some critics disliked the themes of the episodes. The Volume One DVD box set, including all 13 episodes and the initial pilot developed for 2010 airing, was released in Region 1 on April 17, 2012. It has not been released in other regions. Loren Bouchard conceived the idea for \"Bob's Burgers\" after developing \"Home Movies\" for UPN. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 1)"},{"id":"14573540","text":"re-branded as \"Bob's Burgers\" for the day as a promotion. It also offered limited-time offers, such as a free burger giveaway, and a special, \"The Thanks a Brunch Burger\", on the menu until February 2011. There were also \"Bob's Burgers\" coupons offered for a free medium Fatburger special. Across the US, four locations were re-branded as \"Bob's Burgers\": in California, New Jersey, Nevada, and Illinois. At least one restaurant location in California continues to use the \"Bob's Burgers\" appellation into 2016. In the \"Family Guy\" episode \"Space Cadet\", the principal shows Peter and Lois a picture of Bob Belcher as","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"5212495","text":"Eugene Mirman Eugene Boris Mirman (born July 24, 1974) is a Russian-born American comedian and writer known for playing Yvgeny Mirminsky on \"Delocated\" and voicing Gene Belcher on the animated comedy \"Bob's Burgers\". Mirman was born in Moscow, to Jewish parents. His family emigrated to the United States when he was four and a half years old. Mirman attended William Diamond Middle School and Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts, and Hampshire College in Western Massachusetts. As part of the college's \"choose your own major\" program, Mirman graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in comedy, with a one-hour routine as","title":"Eugene Mirman"},{"id":"17023304","text":"This made it the third most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \"American Dad!\", but losing to \"Family Guy\" and \"The Simpsons\" with 8.97 million. Mother Daughter Laser Razor \"Mother Daughter Laser Razor\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 32nd episode, and is written by Nora Smith and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 6, 2013. After washing the dishes, Linda then sets up and prepares for a Family Game Night. The Family Game Night at the Belcher's","title":"Mother Daughter Laser Razor"},{"id":"17517497","text":"Fort Night \"Fort Night\" is the second episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". The episode, written by Mike Olsen, is the series' second Halloween special, and features guest appearances from comedians Aziz Ansari and Molly Shannon. Its plot centers around the Belcher siblings – Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) – getting trapped in their makeshift fort on Halloween with their friends Darryl (Ansari), Andy (Laura Silverman), and Ollie (Sarah Silverman), all the while being tormented by Millie (Shannon), a psychotic classmate of Louise's who refuses to send any","title":"Fort Night"},{"id":"4706311","text":"David Herman David Herman (born February 20, 1967) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He was an original cast member of \"MADtv\" and played Michael Bolton in \"Office Space\". His voice roles on television series include \"Futurama\", \"Bob's Burgers\" and \"King of the Hill\". Herman was born into a Jewish family in New York City and raised in Washington Heights, Manhattan. He graduated from the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in 1987, then attended the acting program at SUNY Purchase. Herman appeared in the films \"Born on the Fourth of July\",","title":"David Herman"},{"id":"17292104","text":"The episode received a 1.6 rating and was watched by a total of 3.38 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \"The Cleveland Show\" but losing to \"Family Guy\" with 4.82 million. The Unnatural (Bob's Burgers) \"The Unnatural\" is the 23rd episode and season finale of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 45th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Wes Archer. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 12, 2013. Linda and Gene are excitedly showing off","title":"The Unnatural (Bob's Burgers)"},{"id":"19806656","text":"Teen-a Witch \"Teen-a Witch\" is the third episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 110th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Betsy Sodaro as Jackie the crossing guard, Billy Eichner as Mr. Ambrose, Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Jay Johnston as Jimmy Pesto, David Herman as Mr. Frond, Jenny Slate as Tammy Larsen and Bobby Tisdale as Zeke. It originally aired in the United States on Fox Network on October 23, 2016. In this Halloween episode, Tina Belcher thinks that she","title":"Teen-a Witch"},{"id":"3216284","text":"to low ratings after airing just five out of seven episodes produced. Mullally co-starred in 2010 as Lydia on the Starz ensemble series \"Party Down\". Mullally co-starred as \"Chief\" on the Adult Swim series \"Childrens Hospital\". In 2011, Mullally began a recurring role as Dana Hartz, the mother of Penny (Casey Wilson), on the ABC sitcom \"Happy Endings\". In the following months, Fox announced Mullally would join the series \"Breaking In\" when the show returned for a second season on March 6, 2012. Also in 2012, Mullally joined the first season of \"Bob's Burgers\" as Aunt Gayle. She would reprise","title":"Megan Mullally"},{"id":"17231580","text":"the failures become so predictable. The Belchers may deserve fame, and fame could even be good for them in their world, but it's best for us viewers in our world that they stay unrecognized in theirs.\" The episode received a 1.6 rating and was watched by a total of 3.45 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \"The Cleveland Show\" but losing to \"Family Guy\". Family Fracas \"Family Fracas\" is the 19th episode of the third season–and the 41st episode overall–of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". It was written by","title":"Family Fracas"},{"id":"19029438","text":"Nice-Capades \"Nice-Capades\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of the American comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the 93rd episode overall. It was written by Dan Fybel and directed by Chris Song. Guest starring are Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Zach Galifianakis as his brother Felix Fischoeder, Henry Winkler as a mall Santa and Jessica Lowe who voices an elf. It first aired in the United States on Fox Network on November 15, 2015. In this Christmas episode, the siblings Tina, Gene and Louise Belcher try to prove that they are good kids by performing an ice capades show","title":"Nice-Capades"},{"id":"19029434","text":"Stand by Gene \"Stand by Gene\" is the 12th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 100th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 3, 2016. In the episode. Gene, Louise, Tina, and their friends go on a journey to look for a mythical creature that supposedly lives nearby. Meanwhile, during downtime at the restaurant, Linda's competitive nature sends her into overdrive. To thine own self be Bleu... Linda's skill at hoops turns Bob, Teddy, Mailman Mike","title":"Stand by Gene"},{"id":"15534409","text":"by \"Family Guy\" at 9:00 p.m. Most of the episodes that are part of this season are rated TV-14 on television in the United States. The season finale, \"Beefsquatch\", obtained 3.57 million viewers in the United States. Despite its middling ratings, \"Bob's Burgers\" was renewed for a third season, on May 14, 2012, alongside the cancellation of \"Napoleon Dynamite\". The second season of \"Bob's Burgers\" was well received by television critics, particularly \"Moody Foodie\", \"Burgerboss\", and \"Bob Day Afternoon\". It received a \"78 out of 100\" on aggregate site Metacritic. Rowan Kaiser of \"The A.V. Club\" claimed that \"after an","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 2)"},{"id":"14573531","text":"seasons, it is explained by show creator and theme composer Loren Bouchard that the ukulele track heard in the theme is an edited version of the first recording he did as well as the first take in 2008. Bouchard explains that if the EQ is taken off the original track, there is noise audible from the nightclub below the apartment he was living in when he recorded the theme. The credits sequence of \"Bob's Burgers\" often features the Belcher family at work. The scene is the kitchen of Bob's Burgers drawn with a black outline over a white background and","title":"Bob's Burgers"},{"id":"15534406","text":"family that run a hamburger restaurant, entitled Bob's Burgers. FOX renewed the show for a second production cycle consisting of thirteen episodes on April 7, 2011, and picked up the back nine on October 31, 2011, bringing the cycle to a total of 22 episodes. Only nine of the episodes aired during the second season, with the remaining 13 episodes being held for the third season of the show. Like the previous season, the second season aired in the competitive timeslot at 8:30 p.m. on Sundays. The season premiere, \"The Belchies\", obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. The","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 2)"},{"id":"19806623","text":"and was watched by a total of 2.31 million people. Bye Bye Boo Boo \"Bye Bye Boo Boo\" is the 16th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 104th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2016. In the episode, after hearing that Boo Boo is leaving Boyz 4 Now, Louise enters a contest that could finally give Tina a chance to meet him. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda learn about a mobster who got shot in","title":"Bye Bye Boo Boo"},{"id":"16477688","text":"Dr. Yap \"Dr. Yap\" is the sixth episode of the second season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 19th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Anthony Chun. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 29, 2012. Linda's sister Gayle unexpectedly shows up at the restaurant, on new medication and in high spirits. She intends to stay for a few days on the first stop of her \"Eat Pray Love\" tour of the world. Her gift of a jawbreaker to Gene inspires jealousy in Louise, who challenges","title":"Dr. Yap"},{"id":"19806593","text":"The Gene and Courtney Show \"The Gene and Courtney Show\" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 95th episode, and is written by Rich Rinaldi and directed by Chris Song and Bernard Derriman. It aired on Fox in the United States on February 14, 2016. In the episode, Gene and Courtney are asked to host the morning announcements, but their romantic history threatens to get in the way of their big break. Meanwhile, Tina's attempt to play Cupid at the Valentine's Day carnation fundraiser goes tragically awry. The Belchers","title":"The Gene and Courtney Show"},{"id":"16517842","text":"Bob's Burgers (season 3) The third season of the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\" began airing on Fox in the United States on September 30, 2012, and concluded on May 12, 2013. On May 14, 2012, Fox renewed \"Bob's Burgers\" for a third production cycle consisting of 13 episodes. On August 23, 2012, six additional scripts were ordered. The third season consisted of the 13 episodes from the second production cycle that did not air during the second season, and also included episodes from the third cycle. This season featured guest stars such as Thomas Lennon, Jon Hamm, Zach Galifianakis, Jeffrey","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 3)"},{"id":"9648223","text":"called \"Musicana\". Betsy eventually found herself in Detroit, where she honed her craft in television, radio voice-overs and industrial films. Baker landed the role of Linda in the film \"The Evil Dead\" after she came to Sam Raimi's attention in Detroit. After a lengthy hiatus, in which she focused on being a mother, Baker resumed her acting career in 2006. Her most recent movie is \"Lake Eerie\" released in 2016. Betsy Baker Betsy Baker (born May 8, 1955) is an American actress, best known as playing Linda in the film \"The Evil Dead\" (1981). Baker was born in Cedar Rapids,","title":"Betsy Baker"},{"id":"15534408","text":"becoming one of television’s best comedies!\" On May 7, 2013, Amazon.com released the season for purchase on \"Burn-On-Demand DVD-R. The sole bonus feature is a table read of the season 3 episode An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal. The second season of \"Bob's Burgers\" originally premiered on March 11, 2012 in the United States on the Fox network between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., with \"The Belchies\", and obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. They are all of episodes which are part of Fox's \"Animation Domination\" television block. It was preceded by \"The Simpsons\" at 8:00 p.m., and was followed","title":"Bob's Burgers (season 2)"},{"id":"17275962","text":"end with a Louise-bonding-with-another-Belcher moment that showcases her reluctant sweetness (and to be honest, the episode as a whole had many fewer laughs than \"Boyz 4 Now\") but I’ll take it.\" The episode received a 1.7 rating and was watched by a total of 3.96 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \"American Dad!\" with 5.00 million. Carpe Museum \"Carpe Museum\" is the 22nd episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 44th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by","title":"Carpe Museum"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"14949834\",\n \"text\": \"John Roberts (actor) John Roberts (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and writer who voices Linda Belcher on the animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Roberts currently voices Linda, the doting matriarch of the Belcher family, in the Fox animated primetime comedy \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". He has said in interviews that he based the voice of Linda on that of his own mother, Marge. He has appeared several times on NBC's \\\"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\\\" and \\\"Watch What Happens: Live\\\", has co-written a pilot for MTV with Bob Odenkirk and performed in two national tours for Margaret\",\n \"title\": \"John Roberts (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534405\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2) The second season of the animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" began airing on Fox in the United States on , and concluded on . The season was produced by Wilo Productions and Buck & Millie Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, and is distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, along with its other seasons. Actors H. Jon Benjamin, John Roberts, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman and Kristen Schaal reprised their roles as Bob Belcher, Linda Belcher, Tina Belcher, Gene Belcher and Louise Belcher. These characters are all a part of the Belcher family, a nuclear\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573515\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's Burgers Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard that premiered on Fox on January 9, 2011. The series centers on the Belcher family – parents Bob and Linda and their children Tina, Gene and Louise – who run a hamburger restaurant. The show was conceived by Bouchard after he developed \\\"Home Movies\\\". It is produced and distributed in association with 20th Century Fox Television. While reviews for the first season were mixed, feedback for subsequent seasons has been much more positive. The series premiere, \\\"Human Flesh\\\", drew in 9.39 million viewers, making it the highest-rated\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534403\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 1) The first season of the American animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" began airing on Fox in the United States on January 9, 2011, and concluded on May 22, 2011. Thirteen episodes long, the season was produced by Bento Box Entertainment in association with 20th Century Fox Television. The series follows the family—father Bob, mother Linda, daughters Louise and Tina Belcher, and son Gene. The show features the voices of H. Jon Benjamin, Dan Mintz, Eugene Mirman, John Roberts and Kristen Schaal in their roles of the Belcher family. The series premiere, \\\"Human Flesh\\\", was broadcast directly after\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573527\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin, Rachel Hastings, Justin Hook, Dan Mintz, and Mike Olsen have also written or co-written episodes. After the writing has been completed, the voice actors read the script as written, but later are allowed to improvise lines. The editors and writer decide what improvised lines make the final cut. \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" has five main cast members: H. Jon Benjamin as Bob Belcher, John Roberts as Linda Belcher, Dan Mintz as Tina Belcher, Eugene Mirman as Gene Belcher, and Kristen Schaal as Louise Belcher. The components of a hamburger fall into place on a white screen, and Bob's hands appear underneath\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573517\",\n \"text\": \"for Outstanding Animated Program seven consecutive times, winning in 2014 and 2017. On October 7, 2015, Fox renewed the series for the seventh and eighth production cycles. On March 27, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a ninth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. A feature film of the animated television series is in the works and is scheduled for a July 17, 2020 release. The show centers on the Belcher family—Bob, Linda, and their children Tina, Gene, and Louise; who run a burger restaurant on Ocean Avenue in an unnamed seaside community (informally known as \\\"Seymour's Bay\\\" among\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573523\",\n \"text\": \"(Jenny Slate), Jocelyn (John Roberts), and Regular-Sized Rudy (Brian Huskey). Mr. Frond (David Herman) is the guidance counselor at their school. Other recurring characters include customers Teddy (Larry Murphy) and Mort (Andy Kindler), as well as Linda's eccentric sister Gayle (Megan Mullally), and the Belchers' sometimes-meddling landlord, Calvin Fischoeder (Kevin Kline) and his brother Felix (Zach Galifianakis). Bob is frequently antagonized by health inspector Hugo (Sam Seder), Linda's ex-fiancé who holds a grudge against Bob and constantly schemes to get the restaurant shut down, though his plans are often revealed to the Belchers by his easy-going assistant, Ron (Ron Lynch).\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20553611\",\n \"text\": \"Herman as both Marshmallow and Trev, Jack McBrayer as Marbles, John Early as Dalton Crespin, Todrick Hall as Miss Triple X-Mas, Andy Kindler as Mort, and Matt Berninger as a singer. If first aired on FOX on December 10, 2017. In this episode the Belcher family tries to find the thief of the top of their Christmas tree. Linda Belcher (John Roberts) has a dream about a Christmas party and decides to throw one in the family restaurant together with her husband Bob (H. Jon Benjamin). When she hears that the town's gay nightclub is closed for legal reasons, she\",\n \"title\": \"The Bleakening (Bob's Burgers)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573546\",\n \"text\": \"fans of the show have ever had,\\\" while being appealing to new audiences. On July 18, 2018, Loren Bouchard said that the script has been submitted and accepted to the studios. The movie will be a musical comedy and will involve Louise and Kuchi Kopi inside her fantasy world as a minor subplot. Bob's Burgers Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard that premiered on Fox on January 9, 2011. The series centers on the Belcher family – parents Bob and Linda and their children Tina, Gene and Louise – who run a hamburger restaurant. The\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16917595\",\n \"text\": \"in August 2012: \\\"There's a good Thanksgiving one with Kevin Kline as the weird landlord with the eyepatch. It's funny, the family gets co-opted into pretending to be his family so that he can get laid.\\\" The episode features a song entitled \\\"The Thanksgiving Song\\\", which is sung by the character Linda Belcher over the episode's ending credits. John Roberts, who voices Linda, improvised the entire song during the episode's recording. The \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" writing staff later named it their fourth favorite song from the series. On November 16, 2012, American indie rock band The National released a slower, more\",\n \"title\": \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8574955\",\n \"text\": \"Dan Mintz Daniel Alexander Mintz (born September 25, 1981) is an American comedian, voice actor and writer best known for his role as Bob's oldest daughter Tina Belcher on the animated show \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". As a comedian, he is known for his extremely deadpan delivery, keeping his eyes fixed straight ahead and never looking toward the camera or audience. Born to a Jewish family, Mintz grew up in Anchorage, Alaska. He is a graduate of Harvard University, where he wrote for \\\"The Harvard Lampoon\\\". He landed his first writing job at Comedy Central's \\\"Crank Yankers\\\", then worked on \\\"Last Call\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Mintz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8883442\",\n \"text\": \"Kristen Schaal Kristen Joy Schaal (; born January 24, 1978) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, and writer. She is best known for her voice roles as Louise Belcher on \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and Mabel Pines on \\\"Gravity Falls\\\", as well as for playing Mel on \\\"Flight of the Conchords\\\", Hurshe Heartshe on \\\"The Heart, She Holler\\\" and Carol on \\\"The Last Man on Earth\\\". She also provides several voices for \\\"BoJack Horseman\\\", most notably for the character of Sarah Lynn, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Other roles include Amanda\",\n \"title\": \"Kristen Schaal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8883456\",\n \"text\": \"Kristen Schaal Kristen Joy Schaal (; born January 24, 1978) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, and writer. She is best known for her voice roles as Louise Belcher on \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and Mabel Pines on \\\"Gravity Falls\\\", as well as for playing Mel on \\\"Flight of the Conchords\\\", Hurshe Heartshe on \\\"The Heart, She Holler\\\" and Carol on \\\"The Last Man on Earth\\\". She also provides several voices for \\\"BoJack Horseman\\\", most notably for the character of Sarah Lynn, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Other roles include Amanda\",\n \"title\": \"Kristen Schaal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17328602\",\n \"text\": \"school (Bob and Deliver), Linda goes to her high school reunion and ends up singing there (Purple Rain-Union), the family tries to create a local Super Bowl advertisement (Easy Com-mercial, Easy Go-mercial), and the kids set up a trap for Santa Claus (Christmas in the Car). Guest stars returning include Will Forte, John Michael Higgins, Rob Huebel, Ken Jeong, Kevin Kline, Megan Mullally, Laura and Sarah Silverman, and Paul F. Tompkins, as well as new guest stars that include Bobcat Goldthwait, Jordan Peele, and Molly Shannon. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers (season 4) The fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14949835\",\n \"text\": \"Cho as well as her Showtime special. Roberts first gained attention as one of the standout performer/writers on the YouTube follow up \\\"Jackie & Debra\\\" which won The Comedy Smalls award in London. He has over 20 million hits on YouTube and has made videos with the likes of Debbie Harry and David Cross. He performs several times a year at NYC's Joe's Pub and has signed a publishing deal with French Kiss Records. Roberts is openly gay. John Roberts (actor) John Roberts (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and writer who voices Linda Belcher\",\n \"title\": \"John Roberts (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029418\",\n \"text\": \"The Hauntening \\\"The Hauntening\\\" is the third episode of the sixth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 91st episode overall. It was written by Steven Davis and Kevin Yu who won an Annie Award, and was directed by Jennifer Coyle. Guest star is Max Greenfield who voices boyband member Boo Boo. It first aired in the United States on October 18, 2015 at Fox Network. In this episode, the Belcher family goes to a haunted house on Halloween, where the parents want to scare their children, especially Louise. In the family restaurant Bob and Linda\",\n \"title\": \"The Hauntening\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8574957\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Stranger\\\", at Comedy Works in Denver in July 2013. The album was released in 2014 through Comedy Central Records. Mintz resides in Los Angeles, California. Mintz married fellow comedian Margie Kment on May 29, 2011. Dan Mintz Daniel Alexander Mintz (born September 25, 1981) is an American comedian, voice actor and writer best known for his role as Bob's oldest daughter Tina Belcher on the animated show \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". As a comedian, he is known for his extremely deadpan delivery, keeping his eyes fixed straight ahead and never looking toward the camera or audience. Born to a Jewish family,\",\n \"title\": \"Dan Mintz\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15484269\",\n \"text\": \"Art Crawl \\\"Art Crawl\\\" is the eighth episode of the first season of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 20, 2011. The episode was written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, and was directed by Kyounghee Lim. According to the Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.43 million viewers during its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Jerry Minor, Megan Mullally, Larry Murphy, Sam Seder, Laura Silverman and Sarah Silverman. To avoid Linda's fragile sister Gayle (Megan Mullally), who is hanging her paintings\",\n \"title\": \"Art Crawl\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15687789\",\n \"text\": \"Bed & Breakfast (Bob's Burgers) \\\"Bed & Breakfast\\\" is the seventh episode of the first season of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 13, 2011. The episode was written by Holly Schlesinger and directed by Boohwan Lim. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.10 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Melissa Bardin Galsky and Larry Murphy. Linda arrives back at the restaurant after shopping for materials for a bed and breakfast she is going to operate out of\",\n \"title\": \"Bed & Breakfast (Bob's Burgers)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13264933\",\n \"text\": \"the Simpson family, only for their friendship to turn sour when Pawtucket Patriot Ale is revealed to be a rip-off of Duff. Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, and Hank Azaria guest star as their \\\"Simpsons\\\" characters. The episode also includes cameo appearances by Bob Belcher from \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" Fred Flintstone from \\\"The Flintstones\\\" and Roger from \\\"American Dad!\\\". 20th Century Fox, Gracie Films, and Film Roman produced an animated \\\"The Simpsons\\\" film, entitled \\\"The Simpsons Movie\\\", that was released on July 27, 2007. The film was directed by long-time \\\"Simpsons\\\" producer David Silverman and written by a\",\n \"title\": \"The Simpsons (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15516758\",\n \"text\": \"Hamburger Dinner Theater \\\"Hamburger Dinner Theater\\\" is the fifth episode of the first season of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". \\\"Hamburger Dinner Theater\\\" originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States on February 20, 2011. The episode was written by Dan Fybel & Rich Rinaldi and directed by Wes Archer. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed by 4.87 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Toby Huss, Larry Murphy, Andy Kindler, Jerry Minor, Sam Seder, Holly Schlesinger and Wendy Molyneux. As the episode begins, Linda is getting ready to go out\",\n \"title\": \"Hamburger Dinner Theater\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16917598\",\n \"text\": \"Thanksgiving Proposal\\\" was \\\"not one of the [series'] funnier episodes\\\" but was nonetheless \\\"funny in a twisted sort of way\\\", praising how the Thanksgiving theme was carried out. An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal \\\"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\\\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) reluctantly agree to rent out his wife Linda (John Roberts) and their children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) to the family's landlord Calvin Fischoeder (guest voiced by Kevin Kline),\",\n \"title\": \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17746331\",\n \"text\": \"Christmas in the Car \\\"Christmas in the Car\\\" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 53rd episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Bernard Derriman and Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 15, 2013. On November 1, Linda sets up the Christmas tree. When it dies on Thanksgiving, the Belchers get a new one the next day. When it dies on Christmas Eve, the family is forced to seek out a Christmas tree at a far off\",\n \"title\": \"Christmas in the Car\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20016717\",\n \"text\": \"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business \\\"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business\\\" is the 10th episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 117th episode overall. It was written by Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux and directed by Tyree Dillihay. Its guest stars are Megan Mullaly as Linda's sister Gayle and John Oliver as Ian Amberson. It originally aired in the US on FOX Network at February 19, 2017. In this episode Bob finds out that Linda has secured a pet agent to fund the showbiz career of Gayle's cat, Mr.\",\n \"title\": \"There's No Business Like Mr. Business Business\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4910908\",\n \"text\": \"H. Jon Benjamin Harry Jon Benjamin (born May 23, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for voicing characters, such as Sterling Archer in the animated sitcom \\\"Archer\\\"; Bob Belcher in the animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\"; Ben, the son of Dr. Katz, in \\\"Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist\\\", Satan in \\\"Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil\\\"; Coach McGuirk and Jason on \\\"Home Movies\\\" and a can of mixed vegetables in the film \\\"Wet Hot American Summer\\\". Benjamin was born on May 23, 1966 to a Jewish family in Worcester, Massachusetts and graduated from Worcester Academy in 1984\",\n \"title\": \"H. Jon Benjamin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16917588\",\n \"text\": \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal \\\"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\\\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) reluctantly agree to rent out his wife Linda (John Roberts) and their children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) to the family's landlord Calvin Fischoeder (guest voiced by Kevin Kline), who wants them to pose as his own family to impress a former flame named Shelby (Lindsey Stoddart) at Thanksgiving dinner. As Thanksgiving goes by, Bob, who has\",\n \"title\": \"An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17924862\",\n \"text\": \"The Frond Files \\\"The Frond Files\\\" is the 12th episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda Belcher (John Roberts) visiting a Wagstaff School exhibition entitled \\\"Why I Love Wagstaff.\\\" Noticing that their children's reports are missing from the exhibition, they confront school guidance counselor Phillip Frond (David Herman), who gives them the discarded reports to read for themselves. The episode is divided into three segments corresponding to each Belcher child's report: Louise's (Kristen Schaal), a \\\"Terminator\\\"-inspired science fiction story;\",\n \"title\": \"The Frond Files\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18813704\",\n \"text\": \"hero to her kids (the survivalist streak rings Louise’s bells, and her encounter with horses is exciting enough it might qualify as a birthday present to Tina all by itself). It’s one of those episodes that shows the warm, gooey family center of \\\"Bob’s Burgers\\\", focusing on relationships and even letting the Belchers score a win or two—or six, depending on how happy we are for Gene getting a go at all that pumpernickel.\\\" The episode received a 1.0 rating and was watched by a total of 2.24 million people. This made it the fifth most watched show on Fox\",\n \"title\": \"Eat, Spray, Linda\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573525\",\n \"text\": \"featured in a test animation based on Bob forgetting about his and Linda's wedding anniversary. This proof of concept eventually turned into the pilot episode. It had the same synopsis as the official pilot (aired in 2011) but had both cosmetic and substantial differences. These included: The original pilot can be seen on the DVD release of the first season, released on April 17, 2012. \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" first appeared on the development slate at Fox on August 6, 2009. On December 1, 2009, Fox ordered 13 episodes for the first season. On May 17, 2010, Fox placed the series on\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573545\",\n \"text\": \"Cities to Love\\\". The resultant music video featured the band, animated in the cartoon's style, performing for the Belcher children in Tina's bedroom. In 2016, \\\"The Bob's Burgers Burger Book\\\", edited by series creator Bouchard, was released. There are 75 burger recipes pulled from the fan-based blog \\\"The Bob's Burger Experiment\\\" based on the Specials of the Day that appear on the chalkboard menu in the show. On October 4, 2017, Fox announced that a \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" movie was in the works to be released on July 17, 2020. Creator Bouchard has said the movie will \\\"scratch every itch the\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17924878\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"easily the funniest act...loose on plot but high on substance.\\\" The Frond Files \\\"The Frond Files\\\" is the 12th episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda Belcher (John Roberts) visiting a Wagstaff School exhibition entitled \\\"Why I Love Wagstaff.\\\" Noticing that their children's reports are missing from the exhibition, they confront school guidance counselor Phillip Frond (David Herman), who gives them the discarded reports to read for themselves. The episode is divided into three segments corresponding to each\",\n \"title\": \"The Frond Files\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806670\",\n \"text\": \"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou? \\\"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?\\\" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 112th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, its guest stars are Kurt Braunohler as Logan Bush, Erik Griffin as Gerald the accountant and David Herman who voices Mr. Frond, a director and Logan's friend. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 20, 2016. In this episode Tina Belcher has detention and Bob and Linda Belcher are in Gerald's office,\",\n \"title\": \"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5212501\",\n \"text\": \"April 4, 2013, Mirman provided the voice for Cecil Tunt, multi-millionaire brother of Cheryl/Carol Tunt on FX's \\\"Archer\\\". On March 13, 2016, Mirman appeared on \\\"Last Week Tonight\\\" as a hacker. Mirman currently voices the character Gene Belcher on the Fox animated series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Mirman lent his guest voice to a character named Emperor Keith Merman in the Netflix original \\\"The Adventures of Puss in Boots\\\". In January 2009, Mirman released a satirical self-help book entitled \\\"The Will to Whatevs\\\". He often appears on \\\"StarTalk Radio\\\", hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson. He has also appeared several times on the\",\n \"title\": \"Eugene Mirman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15567682\",\n \"text\": \"Sheesh! Cab, Bob? \\\"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?\\\" is the sixth episode of the first season of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". \\\"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?\\\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 6, 2011. The episode was written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Jennifer Coyle. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 4.91 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Kevin Kline, Steve Agee, Andy Kindler, David Herman, Jay Johnston, Jack McBrayer and Oscar Nunez. Tina's 13th birthday is coming up, and Linda suggests to Bob that they should\",\n \"title\": \"Sheesh! Cab, Bob?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573516\",\n \"text\": \"series premiere of the season and finishing ninth in the ratings for the week it aired. Reruns began airing on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim on June 23, 2013 and began airing in syndication on local stations in September 2015. A comic book series based on the show, published by Dynamite Entertainment, began in September 2014 and a soundtrack album was released on May 12, 2017. In 2013, \\\"TV Guide\\\" ranked \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time. The series has been nominated for several awards, including the Emmy Award\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5750357\",\n \"text\": \"I Met Your Mother\\\". She also had a guest-starring role on the Disney show, \\\"Shake It Up\\\", portraying a cranky elderly woman, Mrs. Lacasio, in a retirement home. She also had a guest-starring role on the Nickelodeon show, \\\"Victorious\\\" as Robbie's cranky grandmother who needed Robbie's help with the internet. In addition to her numerous guest-starring appearances, Taylor has worked as a voice-actor as the character Mrs. Start in the animated feature film \\\"\\\", and in a recurring role as Linda's mother Gloria in the animated Fox series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Taylor also played Martha Benson in the film \\\"Opposite Day\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Renée Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17517517\",\n \"text\": \"and infinitely watchable.\\\" The episode received a 1.8 rating and was watched by a total of 3.75 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \\\"American Dad!\\\", \\\"Family Guy\\\" and \\\"The Simpsons\\\" with 5.43 million. Seaplane! \\\"Seaplane!\\\" is the third episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 48th episode, and is written by Dan Fybel and Rich Rinaldi and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 3, 2013. Linda is dissatisfied by her and Bob's lackluster\",\n \"title\": \"Seaplane!\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4910918\",\n \"text\": \"promoting their variety of meats. Notes H. Jon Benjamin Harry Jon Benjamin (born May 23, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for voicing characters, such as Sterling Archer in the animated sitcom \\\"Archer\\\"; Bob Belcher in the animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\"; Ben, the son of Dr. Katz, in \\\"Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist\\\", Satan in \\\"Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil\\\"; Coach McGuirk and Jason on \\\"Home Movies\\\" and a can of mixed vegetables in the film \\\"Wet Hot American Summer\\\". Benjamin was born on May 23, 1966 to a Jewish family in Worcester, Massachusetts and\",\n \"title\": \"H. Jon Benjamin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806588\",\n \"text\": \"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled \\\"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled\\\" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 92nd episode. It was written by Lizzie Molyneux and Wendy Molyneux, and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 8, 2015. In the episode, The Belchers' Thanksgiving festivities are put in jeopardy when Bob finds himself staying with an injured Aunt Gayle during a snowstorm. Bob and Thanksgiving cooking are like K-I-S-S-I-N-G. Linda cannot drive in the snow and Gayle is on crutches after she injured her\",\n \"title\": \"Gayle Makin' Bob Sled\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15228701\",\n \"text\": \"and direction of the show changed. Human Flesh \\\"Human Flesh\\\" is the pilot episode of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". \\\"Human Flesh\\\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2011. The episode was written by Loren Bouchard and Jim Dauterive, and directed by Anthony Chun. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.41 million homes in its original airing, making it the most viewed episode of the series. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Ron Lynch, and Sam Seder. After a number of unsuccessful openings, Bob Belcher and his family\",\n \"title\": \"Human Flesh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6151361\",\n \"text\": \"Andy Kindler Andy Kindler (born October 16, 1956) is an American comedian from Queens, New York. He played the character \\\"Andy\\\", a fellow sportswriter and friend of sportswriter \\\"Ray Barone\\\" (Ray Romano) on the TV show \\\"Everybody Loves Raymond\\\", was a regular guest on \\\"Late Show with David Letterman\\\", contributor to \\\"The Daily Show\\\" and has performed on HBO. As a voice actor, Kindler has made numerous appearances on \\\"Dr. Katz\\\" and \\\"Home Movies\\\" from producer Loren Bouchard. He regularly voices the character of Mort, a mortician and the Belchers' neighbor, on Bouchard's show \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". His material often covers\",\n \"title\": \"Andy Kindler\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15228692\",\n \"text\": \"Human Flesh \\\"Human Flesh\\\" is the pilot episode of the animated television series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". \\\"Human Flesh\\\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2011. The episode was written by Loren Bouchard and Jim Dauterive, and directed by Anthony Chun. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.41 million homes in its original airing, making it the most viewed episode of the series. The episode featured guest performances by Andy Kindler, Ron Lynch, and Sam Seder. After a number of unsuccessful openings, Bob Belcher and his family re-re-open their fast food burger restaurant,\",\n \"title\": \"Human Flesh\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573538\",\n \"text\": \"best show of 2015. After airing, the show became the highest-rated series premiere of the season and also finished 9th in the ratings for the week it aired. Despite this, the ratings went on a slide with ratings expert Bill Gorman of \\\"TV by the Numbers\\\" calling it a \\\"toss up\\\" for renewal before the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on March 11, 2012. Adult Swim acquired the rights to air \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" in 2013. Episodes air six nights a week, with a 1:30 am airing on Sunday and 8:30 pm airings Monday through Friday. An\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19901554\",\n \"text\": \"Wag the Hog \\\"Wag the Hog\\\" is the 13th episode of the sixth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 101st episode overall. It was directed by Brian Loschiavo and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Robert Ben Garant as Critter, Wendi McLendon-Covey as Mudflap, Sarah Baker as Bethany, Joe Lo Truglio as Carl, Thomas Lennon as Kenny and Melissa Bardin Galsky as Candace. It aired in the United States on Fox Network on April 10, 2016. In this episode, Bob Belcher and his children try to get Critter out of prison by selling\",\n \"title\": \"Wag the Hog\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573526\",\n \"text\": \"the primetime slate for the 2010–11 television season. A special preview aired on Thanksgiving on November 25, 2010. Creator Loren Bouchard serves as the executive producer, alongside developer Jim Dauterive. They have served as executive producers since the first season. Dan Fybel and Rich Rinaldi were promoted to executive producers during season 6. The team of writers includes Loren Bouchard, Jim Dauterive, Scott Jacobson, Lizzie Molyneux, Wendy Molyneux, Holly Schlesinger, Nora Smith, Steven Davis, Kelvin Yu, Dan Fybel, Rich Rinaldi, Jon Schroeder, and Greg Thompson. Past writers on the show include Kit Boss, Aron Abrams, and Mike Benner. H. Jon\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6490569\",\n \"text\": \"games for the PlayStation 2. He also made a guest appearance in \\\"Kim Possible\\\". Flynn voiced the character Max Flush on the FOX TV show \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" in the episode \\\"\\\". As of 2015, he is providing the voice of Chuck, the foster father of the title character in the DC Comics animated web series \\\"Vixen\\\". Neil Flynn Neil Richard Flynn (born November 13, 1960) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as The Janitor on \\\"Scrubs\\\" and Mike Heck in the ABC comedy series \\\"The Middle\\\" (2009–18). Flynn has had notable\",\n \"title\": \"Neil Flynn\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573532\",\n \"text\": \"the characters in full color, with the credits off to the right hand side. The sequence consists of Bob cooking a burger and Louise and Tina doing prep. Bob places the burger on the plate for Louise to give to Linda, who takes it from the window, and a few seconds later Gene walks through the kitchen wearing his burger costume. Although the kitchen scene is still the main closing sequence the show uses, beginning in season two the producers began to use different elements from the show in the credits. Some examples: Other times, the scene will play out\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18788310\",\n \"text\": \"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise \\\"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise\\\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 77th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Boohwan Lim and Kyounghee Lim. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 25, 2015. Bob receives a rejection letter after applying for a plot at the local community garden. He goes to see the garden master, Cynthia Bush, who does not get along with Linda, and who is the mother\",\n \"title\": \"Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573534\",\n \"text\": \"obscure. The first season through the current season of the show are available on the iTunes Store for download & Hulu. The first 8 seasons are available from Amazon Video. \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" initially received mixed reviews for season 1, with a Metacritic score of 54 out of 100. However, by season 2, the ratings had reached a score of 78 out of 100, proving a rise in popularity with praises about its \\\"daffy comedic momentum\\\" and how it is \\\"new and fresh.\\\" Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 63% score based on 27 reviews with an average rating of\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806614\",\n \"text\": \"The Hormone-iums \\\"The Hormone-iums\\\" is the 14th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 102nd episode, and is written by Lizzie Molyneux and Wendy Molyneux and directed by Chris Song. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 17, 2016. In the episode, Tina gets her chance to be soloist of the Hormone-iums in a play, but realizes the role could end up ruining her social status. Meanwhile, Linda comes up with a business plan that she thinks will make the Belchers rich. Tina gets her wish for Wagstaff fame,\",\n \"title\": \"The Hormone-iums\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029430\",\n \"text\": \"Sacred Couch \\\"Sacred Couch\\\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 97th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Brian Loschiavo. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 6, 2016. In the episode, Linda tries to convince the Belchers to not replace their old couch with a new one, and Louise decides to take matters into her own hands. A hit is ordered on the family sofa when Bob and Louise lose the vote to replace the eyesore. At first, Bob and the\",\n \"title\": \"Sacred Couch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573542\",\n \"text\": \"has taken the place of Bob Belcher, with Bob inexplicably missing. The menu board touts the \\\"Thomas Elphinstone Hambledurger, with Manning Coleslaw\\\", a play on amnesiac secret agent Tommy Hambledon, a character in a series of novels by Manning Coles. \\\"Homerland\\\", the season 25 premiere episode of \\\"The Simpsons\\\", features a couch gag in which the Belcher family (skinned yellow according to the standard character coloring of the series) attend a 25th anniversary party in the Simpson family living room with the main characters of their fellow Animation Domination series. Bob made another cameo in the episode \\\"The Girl Code\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17746338\",\n \"text\": \"by a total of 5.57 million people. This made it the third most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \\\"American Dad!\\\" but losing to \\\"Family Guy\\\" and \\\"The Simpsons\\\" with 8.48 million. Christmas in the Car \\\"Christmas in the Car\\\" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 53rd episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Bernard Derriman and Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 15, 2013. On November 1, Linda sets up the Christmas tree.\",\n \"title\": \"Christmas in the Car\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806678\",\n \"text\": \"produce their own version of the annual Thanksgiving play and Linda finds a potato that resembles her late grandfather. Alasdair Wilkins from \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" gave the episode a \\\"B+\\\" and wrote that \\\"that speaks to how all the Belchers function: sometimes as a bridge to us in the audience, but mostly just there to support their equally silly loved ones. It’s a winning combination.\\\" The episode received a 1.2 rating and was watched by a total of 2.46 million people. The Quirkducers \\\"The Quirkducers\\\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Quirkducers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806633\",\n \"text\": \"Glued, Where's My Bob? \\\"Glued, Where's My Bob?\\\" is the 19th episode of sixth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu, the episode features guest appearances from actors Rob Huebel, Kumail Nanjiani, and Keegan-Michael Key, as well as appearances by recurring guest stars Pamela Adlon, Ken Jeong, Tim Meadows, and Jenny Slate. Its main plot sees Gene Belcher (Eugene Mirman), Louise Belcher (Kristen Schaal), and Tina (Dan Mintz) getting into a normal fight which causes Bob to end up in a sticky situation, where he learns that a journalist is coming\",\n \"title\": \"Glued, Where's My Bob?\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573522\",\n \"text\": \"have a small but loyal group of regular customers, including the aforementioned Mort, and Teddy, a local handyman. The Belcher family runs a hamburger restaurant. There are various recurring characters in the series including Jimmy Pesto, Sr. (Jay Johnston), Bob's primary business rival who owns an Italian-themed restaurant across the street, and his sons Jimmy Jr. (Benjamin), Tina's love interest, and hyperactive and childish twins Andy (Laura Silverman) and Ollie (Sarah Silverman), who are friends of Louise. They get along well, despite the enmity between their fathers. Other friends, and frenemies, of the Belcher kids include Zeke (Bobby Tisdale), Tammy\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573539\",\n \"text\": \"additional episode airs every Monday through Thursday at 9:00 pm. Adult Swim currently has rights to all five seasons of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and recently began airing the season five episodes on Mondays. 20th Television began distributing \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" to local stations in 2015. The syndication package began airing on its affiliates on the weekend of September 19–20, 2015, and two episodes air each weekend. The series also premiered on September 26, 2016 on TBS and airs Mondays afternoons (along with \\\"Family Guy\\\", \\\"American Dad!\\\", and \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\") and on Friday nights. On January 6, 2011, some Fatburger locations were\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13632076\",\n \"text\": \"an identity identical to the main protagonist of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". John Roberts reprises his role as Linda for the appearance. Reed devised the idea of a \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" crossover because he was a fan of the series. According to H. Jon Benjamin, \\\"He asked me to ask Loren Bouchard, [...] so I was the middle man. It went really smoothly. It was around a 15-20 second phone call—then they turned it over to hundreds of thousands of lawyers.\\\" The characters of \\\"Archer\\\" have appeared in other media as part of broad marketing campaigns for the show. \\\"Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Archer (2009 TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3301288\",\n \"text\": \"second, third, fourth, and fifth seasons of the show. In 2014, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his work in the third season. Cole currently provides the voice of Sergeant Boscoe on \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and Principal Shepherd on \\\"Family Guy\\\". Cole married actress Teddi Siddall on March 8, 1992. Their daughter Mary is pursuing an acting career. On June 19, 2017, the couple announced they were divorcing. Gary Cole Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. Cole began his professional acting career\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Cole\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534412\",\n \"text\": \"this episode does feature the best non sequitur gag you're ever likely to hear about the Parliament song \\\"Aqua Boogie\\\"\\\". The season was first broadcast on the Global Television Network in Canada on March 11, 2012, between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., as part of the \\\"Animation Rules\\\" comedy television block. It has the same schedule as the Fox network for the season. In the United Kingdom, the season premiered on May 1, 2012, at 10:30 p.m., on E4, (it is shown after the other FOX animated series, \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\"). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers (season 2) The second season of\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806677\",\n \"text\": \"The Quirkducers \\\"The Quirkducers\\\" is the sixth episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 113th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Mauricio Pardo. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 20, 2016. In the episode, Gene and Louise decide to sabotage the annual Thanksgiving play to save their long weekend, but Tina provides her fan fiction as the subject matter, leading the kids to work on their own version. Meanwhile, Linda finds a potato that resembles her deceased grandfather. The Belcher kids\",\n \"title\": \"The Quirkducers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7968580\",\n \"text\": \"Jennifer Irwin Jennifer Irwin (born June 17, 1968) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Linda on \\\"Still Standing\\\" and as Maria Ganitisis in the comedy \\\"Superstar\\\". Irwin is a 1990 graduate of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. She worked with The Second City in the mid-1990s, and starred in the HBO series \\\"Eastbound & Down\\\". She played Carol in Kerri Kenney-Silver's \\\"Dame Delilah\\\" web series. At the 6th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2005) she was nominated for Pretty Funny Female. She was nominated for a Gemini Award for her performance \\\"Slings and Arrows\\\". In 2010, the\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Irwin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17328601\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 4) The fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" began airing on Fox in the United States on September 29, 2013, and concluded on May 18, 2014. The show was once again part of Fox's Sunday night lineup, initially airing in its usual timeslot of 8:30 PM Eastern. Beginning on March 9 and continuing for the rest of the season, \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" moved to 7:00 PM Eastern; the move came as a result of the addition of \\\"\\\" to the network's lineup. In this season, Bob subs as the home economics teacher at the kids'\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17517496\",\n \"text\": \"was watched by a total of 3.17 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \\\"American Dad!\\\", \\\"Family Guy\\\" and \\\"The Simpsons\\\" with 4.20 million. My Big Fat Greek Bob \\\"My Big Fat Greek Bob\\\" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 49th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Don MacKinnon. It aired on Fox in the United States on November 10, 2013. Gretchen asks Linda to help her host \\\"marital aid\\\" parties for women. For\",\n \"title\": \"My Big Fat Greek Bob\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17023302\",\n \"text\": \"an episodic storyline that gets the two Belchers into a situation where this is plausible. It needs to have a strong enough character base for Linda that Louise can imitate her well, and also that Linda would get so caught up that she couldn’t help but play along. The “songs” themselves need to be funny. The animation needs to be good enough to convey the mockery. Finally, the voice actors need to be excellent. Bob’s Burgers had all those things tonight. It’s not the first time that it’s happened. And it looks like \\\"Bob’s Burgers\\\" is getting to the point\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Daughter Laser Razor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573528\",\n \"text\": \"to hold it. The other family members appear around him one at a time, beginning with Linda and ending with Louise. Linda puts her arm around Bob, Tina stands expressionless, Gene plays a sound effect on his keyboard, and Louise poses for the camera. The restaurant then materializes behind them and the neighboring businesses slide into place, with a funeral parlor at screen left, and the street slides into view in front. A \\\"Grand Opening\\\" banner is placed over the door, followed by a series of mishaps: a fire, an infestation of vermin, and a car knocking down a utility\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806620\",\n \"text\": \"Bye Bye Boo Boo \\\"Bye Bye Boo Boo\\\" is the 16th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 104th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2016. In the episode, after hearing that Boo Boo is leaving Boyz 4 Now, Louise enters a contest that could finally give Tina a chance to meet him. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda learn about a mobster who got shot in the restaurant in 1931, which causes tension between Bob and\",\n \"title\": \"Bye Bye Boo Boo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17108932\",\n \"text\": \"by having her put her foot down and try to prove she’s not just an overly nice pushover. Rather, Linda stayed true to her roots while also showing Bob why these traits are important to have and why it makes them work together so well, both as a couple and as co-workers in the restaurant.\\\" Dyanamaria Leifsson of TV Equals said this and last week's episode \\\"featured a great sampling of strange Belcher songs. \\\"Bob’s Burgers\\\" can write a heck of a story, packed with brilliant one-liners, but they can also write a borderline annoying tune that makes you laugh\",\n \"title\": \"Lindapendent Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16852995\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Fires the Kids \\\"Bob Fires the Kids\\\" is the third episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode sees Bob Belcher (H. Jon Benjamin) firing his children Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) from the family restaurant for the summer, not wanting to deprive them of normal childhood experiences as his own father did. However, when the children grow bored of summer activities, they seek employment at a local farm, which unbeknownst to them grows marijuana. The episode also sees the return\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Fires the Kids\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029433\",\n \"text\": \"and was watched by a total of 2.64 million people. Sacred Couch \\\"Sacred Couch\\\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 97th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Brian Loschiavo. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 6, 2016. In the episode, Linda tries to convince the Belchers to not replace their old couch with a new one, and Louise decides to take matters into her own hands. A hit is ordered on the family sofa when Bob and Louise lose the\",\n \"title\": \"Sacred Couch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17183865\",\n \"text\": \"It Snakes a Village \\\"It Snakes a Village\\\" is the 18th episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 40th episode. The episode was written by Kit Boss and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on March 24, 2013. While the restaurant and the house are being fumigated, the Belchers decide to visit Linda's parents retirement community in Florida. Much to the kids' dismay, the retirement community pool is closed for cleaning and they have to find new ways to entertain themselves. Linda discovers that the community\",\n \"title\": \"It Snakes a Village\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8236723\",\n \"text\": \"Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural \\\"Blue Bloods\\\", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama \\\"Third Watch\\\", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera \\\"Another World\\\". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. When Carlson was 13, her family (consisting of her parents, three siblings and her) moved for a year to Amman, Jordan, where her parents had been hired to teach at the American Community School. After returning to the United States, Carlson attended Knox College in\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Carlson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17517518\",\n \"text\": \"Purple Rain-Union \\\"Purple Rain-Union\\\" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 51st episode, and is written by Loren Bouchard and Nora Smith and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 1, 2013. The title of the episode is a reference to the song, film, and album \\\"Purple Rain\\\" by Prince. Linda's high school reunion is coming up, and the planner has asked her and her high school band, The Tatas, to play. Linda refuses because the group's debut performance at the talent\",\n \"title\": \"Purple Rain-Union\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7968581\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian Comedy Awards nominated her for Best Performance by a Female in TV for \\\"Less Than Kind\\\". Jennifer Irwin Jennifer Irwin (born June 17, 1968) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Linda on \\\"Still Standing\\\" and as Maria Ganitisis in the comedy \\\"Superstar\\\". Irwin is a 1990 graduate of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. She worked with The Second City in the mid-1990s, and starred in the HBO series \\\"Eastbound & Down\\\". She played Carol in Kerri Kenney-Silver's \\\"Dame Delilah\\\" web series. At the 6th Annual Canadian Comedy Awards (2005) she was nominated for Pretty Funny\",\n \"title\": \"Jennifer Irwin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806663\",\n \"text\": \"Even when there was an episode actually called “Bad Tina,” the eldest Belcher child had her heart in the right place whenever Tammy wasn’t forcing her otherwise, give or take an occasional snide side comment to Linda.\\\" Teen-a Witch \\\"Teen-a Witch\\\" is the third episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 110th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Betsy Sodaro as Jackie the crossing guard, Billy Eichner as Mr. Ambrose, Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Jay Johnston as Jimmy Pesto, David\",\n \"title\": \"Teen-a Witch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"983499\",\n \"text\": \"of Allison \\\"Allie\\\" Lowell. Curtin later starred in the hit series \\\"3rd Rock from the Sun\\\" (1996–2001), playing the role of Dr. Mary Albright. Curtin has also appeared in many movie roles, including Charlene in \\\"The Librarian\\\" series of movies (2004–2008). She also reprised one of her \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" characters, Prymaat (Clorhone) Conehead, in the 1993 film \\\"Coneheads\\\". Curtin was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the daughter of Mary Constance (née Farrell) and John Joseph Curtin, who owned an insurance agency. She grew up in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and graduated from Convent of the Sacred Heart, Newton Country Day, in Newton\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Curtin\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573519\",\n \"text\": \"the Belcher family lives. The restaurant is sandwiched between two other commercial buildings, one of which houses \\\"It's Your Funeral Home and Crematorium\\\", whose owner Mort is a regular at the restaurant. One of the show's running gags involves the other building, which is generally vacant during episodes but has been home to such businesses as \\\"Uncle Marty's Breast Pumps\\\", \\\"Extra Moist Yoga\\\", \\\"That's a-Door-a-Bell Doorbells\\\", and \\\"Tire-Rhea\\\". Success is not easy, as Bob must compete with several other eateries for business. His biggest rival is Jimmy Pesto, who owns an Italian restaurant called “Jimmy Pesto’s Pizzeria”, which is located\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8236726\",\n \"text\": \"on October 4,2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on \\\"Late Night with Seth Meyers\\\", and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records. Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural \\\"Blue Bloods\\\", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama \\\"Third Watch\\\", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera \\\"Another World\\\". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.\",\n \"title\": \"Amy Carlson\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534404\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Simpsons\\\" at 8:00 p.m., and was watched by 9.41 million viewers, making it the highest-rated new series premiere of the season. The season received mixed reviews from television commentators, particularly \\\"Torpedo\\\", \\\"Spaghetti Western and Meatballs\\\" and \\\"Art Crawl\\\", however some critics disliked the themes of the episodes. The Volume One DVD box set, including all 13 episodes and the initial pilot developed for 2010 airing, was released in Region 1 on April 17, 2012. It has not been released in other regions. Loren Bouchard conceived the idea for \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" after developing \\\"Home Movies\\\" for UPN. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Bob's Burgers\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 1)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573540\",\n \"text\": \"re-branded as \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" for the day as a promotion. It also offered limited-time offers, such as a free burger giveaway, and a special, \\\"The Thanks a Brunch Burger\\\", on the menu until February 2011. There were also \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" coupons offered for a free medium Fatburger special. Across the US, four locations were re-branded as \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\": in California, New Jersey, Nevada, and Illinois. At least one restaurant location in California continues to use the \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" appellation into 2016. In the \\\"Family Guy\\\" episode \\\"Space Cadet\\\", the principal shows Peter and Lois a picture of Bob Belcher as\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5212495\",\n \"text\": \"Eugene Mirman Eugene Boris Mirman (born July 24, 1974) is a Russian-born American comedian and writer known for playing Yvgeny Mirminsky on \\\"Delocated\\\" and voicing Gene Belcher on the animated comedy \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". Mirman was born in Moscow, to Jewish parents. His family emigrated to the United States when he was four and a half years old. Mirman attended William Diamond Middle School and Lexington High School in Lexington, Massachusetts, and Hampshire College in Western Massachusetts. As part of the college's \\\"choose your own major\\\" program, Mirman graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in comedy, with a one-hour routine as\",\n \"title\": \"Eugene Mirman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17023304\",\n \"text\": \"This made it the third most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \\\"American Dad!\\\", but losing to \\\"Family Guy\\\" and \\\"The Simpsons\\\" with 8.97 million. Mother Daughter Laser Razor \\\"Mother Daughter Laser Razor\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 32nd episode, and is written by Nora Smith and directed by Jennifer Coyle. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 6, 2013. After washing the dishes, Linda then sets up and prepares for a Family Game Night. The Family Game Night at the Belcher's\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Daughter Laser Razor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17517497\",\n \"text\": \"Fort Night \\\"Fort Night\\\" is the second episode of the fourth season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". The episode, written by Mike Olsen, is the series' second Halloween special, and features guest appearances from comedians Aziz Ansari and Molly Shannon. Its plot centers around the Belcher siblings – Tina (Dan Mintz), Gene (Eugene Mirman), and Louise (Kristen Schaal) – getting trapped in their makeshift fort on Halloween with their friends Darryl (Ansari), Andy (Laura Silverman), and Ollie (Sarah Silverman), all the while being tormented by Millie (Shannon), a psychotic classmate of Louise's who refuses to send any\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Night\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4706311\",\n \"text\": \"David Herman David Herman (born February 20, 1967) is an American actor, comedian and voice actor. He was an original cast member of \\\"MADtv\\\" and played Michael Bolton in \\\"Office Space\\\". His voice roles on television series include \\\"Futurama\\\", \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and \\\"King of the Hill\\\". Herman was born into a Jewish family in New York City and raised in Washington Heights, Manhattan. He graduated from the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in 1987, then attended the acting program at SUNY Purchase. Herman appeared in the films \\\"Born on the Fourth of July\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"David Herman\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17292104\",\n \"text\": \"The episode received a 1.6 rating and was watched by a total of 3.38 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\" but losing to \\\"Family Guy\\\" with 4.82 million. The Unnatural (Bob's Burgers) \\\"The Unnatural\\\" is the 23rd episode and season finale of the third season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 45th episode, and is written by Greg Thompson and directed by Wes Archer. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 12, 2013. Linda and Gene are excitedly showing off\",\n \"title\": \"The Unnatural (Bob's Burgers)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806656\",\n \"text\": \"Teen-a Witch \\\"Teen-a Witch\\\" is the third episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 110th episode overall. It was directed by Chris Song and written by Holly Schlesinger. Its guest stars are Betsy Sodaro as Jackie the crossing guard, Billy Eichner as Mr. Ambrose, Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Jay Johnston as Jimmy Pesto, David Herman as Mr. Frond, Jenny Slate as Tammy Larsen and Bobby Tisdale as Zeke. It originally aired in the United States on Fox Network on October 23, 2016. In this Halloween episode, Tina Belcher thinks that she\",\n \"title\": \"Teen-a Witch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3216284\",\n \"text\": \"to low ratings after airing just five out of seven episodes produced. Mullally co-starred in 2010 as Lydia on the Starz ensemble series \\\"Party Down\\\". Mullally co-starred as \\\"Chief\\\" on the Adult Swim series \\\"Childrens Hospital\\\". In 2011, Mullally began a recurring role as Dana Hartz, the mother of Penny (Casey Wilson), on the ABC sitcom \\\"Happy Endings\\\". In the following months, Fox announced Mullally would join the series \\\"Breaking In\\\" when the show returned for a second season on March 6, 2012. Also in 2012, Mullally joined the first season of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" as Aunt Gayle. She would reprise\",\n \"title\": \"Megan Mullally\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17231580\",\n \"text\": \"the failures become so predictable. The Belchers may deserve fame, and fame could even be good for them in their world, but it's best for us viewers in our world that they stay unrecognized in theirs.\\\" The episode received a 1.6 rating and was watched by a total of 3.45 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, beating \\\"The Cleveland Show\\\" but losing to \\\"Family Guy\\\". Family Fracas \\\"Family Fracas\\\" is the 19th episode of the third season–and the 41st episode overall–of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\". It was written by\",\n \"title\": \"Family Fracas\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029438\",\n \"text\": \"Nice-Capades \\\"Nice-Capades\\\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of the American comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the 93rd episode overall. It was written by Dan Fybel and directed by Chris Song. Guest starring are Kevin Kline as Calvin Fischoeder, Zach Galifianakis as his brother Felix Fischoeder, Henry Winkler as a mall Santa and Jessica Lowe who voices an elf. It first aired in the United States on Fox Network on November 15, 2015. In this Christmas episode, the siblings Tina, Gene and Louise Belcher try to prove that they are good kids by performing an ice capades show\",\n \"title\": \"Nice-Capades\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19029434\",\n \"text\": \"Stand by Gene \\\"Stand by Gene\\\" is the 12th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 100th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 3, 2016. In the episode. Gene, Louise, Tina, and their friends go on a journey to look for a mythical creature that supposedly lives nearby. Meanwhile, during downtime at the restaurant, Linda's competitive nature sends her into overdrive. To thine own self be Bleu... Linda's skill at hoops turns Bob, Teddy, Mailman Mike\",\n \"title\": \"Stand by Gene\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534409\",\n \"text\": \"by \\\"Family Guy\\\" at 9:00 p.m. Most of the episodes that are part of this season are rated TV-14 on television in the United States. The season finale, \\\"Beefsquatch\\\", obtained 3.57 million viewers in the United States. Despite its middling ratings, \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" was renewed for a third season, on May 14, 2012, alongside the cancellation of \\\"Napoleon Dynamite\\\". The second season of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" was well received by television critics, particularly \\\"Moody Foodie\\\", \\\"Burgerboss\\\", and \\\"Bob Day Afternoon\\\". It received a \\\"78 out of 100\\\" on aggregate site Metacritic. Rowan Kaiser of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" claimed that \\\"after an\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14573531\",\n \"text\": \"seasons, it is explained by show creator and theme composer Loren Bouchard that the ukulele track heard in the theme is an edited version of the first recording he did as well as the first take in 2008. Bouchard explains that if the EQ is taken off the original track, there is noise audible from the nightclub below the apartment he was living in when he recorded the theme. The credits sequence of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" often features the Belcher family at work. The scene is the kitchen of Bob's Burgers drawn with a black outline over a white background and\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534406\",\n \"text\": \"family that run a hamburger restaurant, entitled Bob's Burgers. FOX renewed the show for a second production cycle consisting of thirteen episodes on April 7, 2011, and picked up the back nine on October 31, 2011, bringing the cycle to a total of 22 episodes. Only nine of the episodes aired during the second season, with the remaining 13 episodes being held for the third season of the show. Like the previous season, the second season aired in the competitive timeslot at 8:30 p.m. on Sundays. The season premiere, \\\"The Belchies\\\", obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. The\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806623\",\n \"text\": \"and was watched by a total of 2.31 million people. Bye Bye Boo Boo \\\"Bye Bye Boo Boo\\\" is the 16th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 104th episode, and is written by Scott Jacobson and directed by Tyree Dillihay. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2016. In the episode, after hearing that Boo Boo is leaving Boyz 4 Now, Louise enters a contest that could finally give Tina a chance to meet him. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda learn about a mobster who got shot in\",\n \"title\": \"Bye Bye Boo Boo\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16477688\",\n \"text\": \"Dr. Yap \\\"Dr. Yap\\\" is the sixth episode of the second season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 19th episode, and is written by Steven Davis and Kelvin Yu and directed by Anthony Chun. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 29, 2012. Linda's sister Gayle unexpectedly shows up at the restaurant, on new medication and in high spirits. She intends to stay for a few days on the first stop of her \\\"Eat Pray Love\\\" tour of the world. Her gift of a jawbreaker to Gene inspires jealousy in Louise, who challenges\",\n \"title\": \"Dr. Yap\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19806593\",\n \"text\": \"The Gene and Courtney Show \\\"The Gene and Courtney Show\\\" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 95th episode, and is written by Rich Rinaldi and directed by Chris Song and Bernard Derriman. It aired on Fox in the United States on February 14, 2016. In the episode, Gene and Courtney are asked to host the morning announcements, but their romantic history threatens to get in the way of their big break. Meanwhile, Tina's attempt to play Cupid at the Valentine's Day carnation fundraiser goes tragically awry. The Belchers\",\n \"title\": \"The Gene and Courtney Show\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16517842\",\n \"text\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 3) The third season of the animated sitcom \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" began airing on Fox in the United States on September 30, 2012, and concluded on May 12, 2013. On May 14, 2012, Fox renewed \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" for a third production cycle consisting of 13 episodes. On August 23, 2012, six additional scripts were ordered. The third season consisted of the 13 episodes from the second production cycle that did not air during the second season, and also included episodes from the third cycle. This season featured guest stars such as Thomas Lennon, Jon Hamm, Zach Galifianakis, Jeffrey\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 3)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9648223\",\n \"text\": \"called \\\"Musicana\\\". Betsy eventually found herself in Detroit, where she honed her craft in television, radio voice-overs and industrial films. Baker landed the role of Linda in the film \\\"The Evil Dead\\\" after she came to Sam Raimi's attention in Detroit. After a lengthy hiatus, in which she focused on being a mother, Baker resumed her acting career in 2006. Her most recent movie is \\\"Lake Eerie\\\" released in 2016. Betsy Baker Betsy Baker (born May 8, 1955) is an American actress, best known as playing Linda in the film \\\"The Evil Dead\\\" (1981). Baker was born in Cedar Rapids,\",\n \"title\": \"Betsy Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15534408\",\n \"text\": \"becoming one of television’s best comedies!\\\" On May 7, 2013, Amazon.com released the season for purchase on \\\"Burn-On-Demand DVD-R. The sole bonus feature is a table read of the season 3 episode An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal. The second season of \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" originally premiered on March 11, 2012 in the United States on the Fox network between 8:30 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., with \\\"The Belchies\\\", and obtained 4.04 million viewers in the United States. They are all of episodes which are part of Fox's \\\"Animation Domination\\\" television block. It was preceded by \\\"The Simpsons\\\" at 8:00 p.m., and was followed\",\n \"title\": \"Bob's Burgers (season 2)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17275962\",\n \"text\": \"end with a Louise-bonding-with-another-Belcher moment that showcases her reluctant sweetness (and to be honest, the episode as a whole had many fewer laughs than \\\"Boyz 4 Now\\\") but I’ll take it.\\\" The episode received a 1.7 rating and was watched by a total of 3.96 million people. This made it the fourth most watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \\\"American Dad!\\\" with 5.00 million. Carpe Museum \\\"Carpe Museum\\\" is the 22nd episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \\\"Bob's Burgers\\\" and the overall 44th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by\",\n \"title\": \"Carpe Museum\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays linda belcher on bob's burgers"}}},{"rowIdx":297,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Intermediate courts","Inferior courts","Apex court","Superior courts","Quasi-judicial tribunals"],"string":"[\n \"Intermediate courts\",\n \"Inferior courts\",\n \"Apex court\",\n \"Superior courts\",\n \"Quasi-judicial tribunals\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"5025259","text":"Judiciary of Australia The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law. The large number of courts in Australia have different procedural powers and characteristics, different jurisdictional limits, different remedial powers and different cost structures. Under the Australian Constitution, federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal courts as may be created by the","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025278","text":"act pursuant to some form of devolved legislation; such as Environmental Regulations or Rental Tenancy Regulations. A table of the Court hierarchy and Civil and Administrative Tribunals of the Australian States and Territories follows here: Judiciary of Australia The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law. The large number of courts in Australia have different procedural powers and characteristics, different","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5197205","text":"Law of Australia The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. These include the Australian Constitution, legislation enacted by the Federal Parliament and the parliaments of the States and territories of Australia, regulations promulgated by the Executive, and the common law of Australia arising from the decisions of judges. The Australian Constitution is the legal foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia and sets out a federal system of government, dividing power between the federal Government and the States and territories, each of which are separate jurisdictions and have their own system of courts and","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"2096920","text":"first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903. It now operates under sections 71 to 75 of the Constitution, the \"Judiciary Act\", and the \"High Court of Australia Act\" 1979. It is composed of seven Justices: the Chief Justice of Australia, currently Susan Kiefel, and six other Justices. They are appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the federal government, and under the constitution must retire at age 70. The High Court has had a permanent home in Canberra since 1979. The majority of its sittings are held in the High Court building, which is situated","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"5025269","text":"was created by the Federal Court of Australia Act in 1976. Decisions of the High Court are binding on the Federal Court. There is an appeal level of the Federal Court (the \"Full Court\" of the Federal Court), which consists of several judges, usually three but occasionally five in very significant cases. The Family Court has jurisdiction over family law matters. It is a superior court of limited jurisdiction and was established in 1975 by the Family Law Act 1975 by the federal parliament. The Commonwealth has power over marriage and divorce under the Constitution. In the 1990s the states","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025266","text":"71 of the Constitution. It has appellate jurisdiction over all other courts. It also has some original jurisdiction, and has the power of constitutional review. The High Court of Australia is the superior court to all federal courts, and is also the final route of appeal from all state superior courts. Appeals to the High Court are by special leave only, which is rarely granted. Therefore, for most cases, the appellate divisions of the Supreme Courts of each state and territory and the Federal Court are the ultimate appellate courts. The Full Court of the High Court is the ultimate","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025265","text":"court' (or 'superior court of record'). In many respects Australian superior courts are similar to the Senior Courts of England and Wales. In Australia, superior courts generally: Inferior courts are those beneath superior courts in the appellate hierarchy, and are generally seen to include the Magistrates and District (or County) Court of each State as well as the Federal Circuit Court. Inferior courts are typically characterised by: These courts among them have jurisdiction over Commonwealth law, that is, law made by the Federal parliament of Australia. The High Court is the highest court in Australia. It was created by section","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025277","text":"As these territories have very small populations, the courts only sit from time to time as needed. The three external territories are Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The remaining external territories (including Antarctica) do not have permanent courts. In the event of a case arising from these territories, the courts of the ACT have jurisdiction. All the States and Territories, with the exception of Tasmania, have a Civil and Administrative Tribunal. These hear cases relating to lesser State or Territory administrative disputes (involving some individual, business or government body). These commonly involve actions by persons bound to","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"7570241","text":"Justice of Australia, presently The Hon. Susan Kiefel AC, and six other Justices. The state supreme courts are also considered to be superior courts, those with unlimited jurisdiction to hear disputes and which are the pinnacle of the court hierarchy within their jurisdictions. They were created by means of the constitutions of their respective states or the Self Government Acts for the ACT and the Northern Territory. Appeals may be made from state supreme courts to the High Court of Australia. Inferior Courts are secondary to Superior Courts. Their existence stems from legislation and they only have the power to","title":"Politics of Australia"},{"id":"5025275","text":"jurisdiction,\" which enables them to hear all legal issues arising from a single set of facts. This enables all courts to deal with virtually all issues arising from the facts of a case, provided that the particular court has jurisdiction to hear the principal cause of action. Most of the states have two further levels of courts, which are comparable across the country. The district court (or county court in Victoria) handles most criminal trials for less serious indictable offences, and most civil matters below a threshold (usually around $1 million). The magistrates court (or local court) handles summary matters","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025273","text":"court, thereby freeing up workload so the Federal Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia can hear more complicated cases. This court also hears appeals from various federal tribunals. Each state and territory has a court hierarchy of its own, with the jurisdictions of each court varying from state to state and territory to territory. However, all states and territories have a Supreme Court, which is a superior court of record and is the highest court within that state or territory. These courts also have appeal divisions, known as the Full Court or Court of Appeal of the","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025260","text":"federal Parliament. These courts include the Federal Court of Australia, the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, and the Family Court of Australia. Federal jurisdiction can also be vested in State courts. The Supreme Courts of the states and territories are superior courts of record with general and unlimited jurisdiction within their own state or territory. They can try any justiciable dispute, whether it be for money or not, and whether it be for $1 or $1 billion. Like the Supreme Courts, the Family Court and Federal Court are superior courts of record, which means that they have certain inherent procedural","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5197210","text":"had been established through Acts of the British Parliament. The \"New South Wales Act\" 1823 provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court with the power to deal with all criminal and civil matters \"as fully and amply as Her Majesty's Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer at Westminster\". Inferior courts were also established, including courts of General or Quarter Sessions, and Courts of Requests. Representative government emerged in the 1840s and 1850s, and a considerable measure of autonomy was given to local legislatures in the second half of the nineteenth century. Colonial Parliaments introduced certain reforms such","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"5197227","text":"ensure a treaty is honoured. The main substantive areas of law in Australia include: The Australian Law Reform Commission investigates suggestions for reform raised by attorneys-general and in some jurisdictions, by members of the public. Law of Australia The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. These include the Australian Constitution, legislation enacted by the Federal Parliament and the parliaments of the States and territories of Australia, regulations promulgated by the Executive, and the common law of Australia arising from the decisions of judges. The Australian Constitution is the legal foundation of the Commonwealth","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"2096919","text":"High Court of Australia The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape the development of federalism in Australia. The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Court was constituted by, and its","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"7570240","text":"politics. The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, has the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and interprets the Constitution of Australia. The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The High Court was constituted by the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth). The High Court is composed of seven Justices: the Chief","title":"Politics of Australia"},{"id":"7554523","text":"Federal Court of Australia The Federal Court of Australia is an Australian superior court of record which has jurisdiction to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance by single Judges. The Court includes an appeal division referred to as the Full Court comprising three Judges, the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the Supreme Courts of each","title":"Federal Court of Australia"},{"id":"5197207","text":"Australia is the highest court in Australia, and hears appeals from federal and State courts on matters of both federal and State law. Unlike the United States, there is only one common law of Australia rather than common laws for each of the several jurisdictions of the states and territories. The legal institutions and traditions of Australian law are monocultural in character, reflecting its English origins. When the British arrived in Australia, they considered the continent to be \"terra nullius\", or land belonging to no-one, on the basis that the Aboriginal peoples already inhabiting the continent were too primitive to","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"5025276","text":"and smaller civil matters. In jurisdictions without district or county courts, most of those matters are dealt with by the supreme courts. In Tasmania and the two mainland territories, however, there is only a Magistrates Court below the Supreme Court. In the three external territories (that is, territories not directly forming part of the Commonwealth of Australia but administered by the Commonwealth) there is a supreme court and a magistrates court or court of petty sessions. The supreme courts are staffed by judges of other courts, usually the Federal Court. Appeals from those courts lie to the full Federal Court.","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"7554524","text":"of the states and territories. In relation to the other Courts in the federal stream, it is equal to the Family Court of Australia, and superior to the Federal Circuit Court. It was established in 1976 by the Federal Court of Australia Act. The Chief Justice of the Federal Court is James Allsop. The Federal Court has no inherent jurisdiction. Its jurisdiction flows from statute. The Court's original jurisdiction include matters arising from Commonwealth legislation such as, for example, matters relating to taxation, trade practices, native title, intellectual property, industrial relations, corporations, immigration and bankruptcy. The Federal Court of Australia","title":"Federal Court of Australia"},{"id":"5025263","text":"judges have previously practised as a barrister. Federal judges may only serve until age 70. There is no constitutional limit on the length of service of State court judges, but State laws usually fix a retirement age. For example, in New South Wales, judges must retire at age 72, though they can remain as \"acting judges\" until age 76. The hierarchy consists of a variety of courts and tribunals at both the federal and state and territory levels, with the High Court being the highest court in the Australian judicial system. A single body of Australian common law is applied","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"4177612","text":"courts created by the Federal Parliament, including the Federal Court of Australia, the Family Court of Australia, and the Federal Circuit Court of Australia. Additionally, unlike in the United States, the federal legislature has the power to enact laws which vest federal jurisdiction in State courts. Since the Australian Constitution requires a separation of powers at the federal level, only courts may exercise federal judicial power; and conversely, non-judicial functions cannot be vested in courts. State judicial power is exercised by each State's Supreme Court, and such other courts and tribunals created by the State Parliaments. The High Court is","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"6916498","text":"certificate \"has long since been spent\" and is \"obsolete\". In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament and the Parliament of Australia (with the request and consent of the Australian States), appeals to the Privy Council from State Supreme Courts were closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal. Chapter III Court In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of","title":"Chapter III Court"},{"id":"5197218","text":"determine disputes about whether a law is within power and consistent with the Constitution. Chapter III of the Constitution required the creation of the High Court of Australia, and confers power to establish other federal courts and to vest federal jurisdiction in State courts. Australian courts could permit an appeal to the Privy Council on constitutional matters. The right of appeal from the High Court to the Privy Council was only abolished in 1975, and from State courts in 1986. Australia does not have a constitutional bill of rights and there are few express rights guaranteed by the Constitution. However,","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"5025268","text":"the Constitution; however, the High Court has indicated it will not grant such leave in the future. The Federal Court primarily hears matters relating to corporations, trade practices, industrial relations, bankruptcy, customs, immigration and other areas of federal law. The court has original jurisdiction in these areas, and also has the power to hear appeals from a number of tribunals and other bodies (and, in cases not involving family law, from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia.) The court is a superior court of limited jurisdiction, but below the High Court of Australia in the hierarchy of federal courts, and","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5025264","text":"in the various Australian courts, and ultimately determined by the High Court now that appeals to the (British) Judicial Committee of the Privy Council have been abolished. The High Court has described the concept of a superior court (and associated 'notions derived from the position of pre-Judicature common law courts') as having 'no ready application in Australia to federal courts.' Despite this, Australian courts are frequently characterised as either 'superior' or 'inferior.' The Federal Court and the Supreme Courts of each State and Territory are generally considered to be superior courts. There is no single definition of the term 'superior","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"8631104","text":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia The Federal Circuit Court of Australia, formerly known as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, is an Australian court with jurisdiction over matters broadly relating to family law and child support, administrative law, admiralty law, bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, industrial law, migration, privacy and trade practices. The Court was created to deal with the increasing workload of the Federal Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia, by hearing less complex cases for them and freeing those Courts to deal only with more complex cases. The Federal Circuit Court deals with approximately 95% of","title":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia"},{"id":"12248661","text":"armed forces rests with the government. Chapter III sets up the judicial branch of government; its provisions create the federal judicature and define the way it operates. Section 71 vests judicial power in a \"Federal Supreme Court\" to be called the High Court of Australia, and such other federal courts as Parliament creates, and in such other courts as Parliament invests with federal jurisdiction. Such courts are called \"Chapter III Courts\" and are the only courts that can exercise federal judicial power. Sections 73 and 75–78 outline the original and appellate jurisdiction of the High Court. Section 74 provides for","title":"Constitution of Australia"},{"id":"5025271","text":"as for the Federal Court. Appeals from the Family Court are heard by the \"Full Court\" of the Family Court (three to five judges). Appeals from the Full Court lie to the High Court of Australia, though special leave is required. A single judge of the Family Court may hear appeals in family law matters from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia. Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court must go to either of these courts (Federal Court or Family Court), dependent on the area of law. Decisions of the Full Court of the Federal and Family Courts are binding on","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5197206","text":"parliaments. The constitutional framework of Australia is a combination of elements of the Westminster and United States systems of government. The federal legislature has the power to pass laws with respect to a number of express areas, which apply to the whole of Australia and override any State laws to the extent of any inconsistency. However, beyond those express areas the States legislatures generally have plenary power to enact laws on any subject. At both the federal and State levels, the substantive law of Australia is largely derived from the common law system of English law. The High Court of","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"4177613","text":"the final court of appeal in Australia and has the jurisdiction to hear appeals on matters of both federal and state law. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by federal and State parliaments, and has jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Australia. Unlike in the United States, there is only one common law of Australia, rather than separate common laws for each State. The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament: The following corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) by section 5(1) of the Public Governance,","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"6787890","text":"the New South Wales Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2014. It replaced the Administrative Decisions Tribunal of New South Wales, previously established in 1998, alongside 21 other tribunals. The State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia was established in 2004. The Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2009. The South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2015. In South Australia and Tasmania, some of the functions of the tribunals are performed by the courts. Both at Commonwealth level and in every State, there is an office of Ombudsman, with wide power to investigate action that","title":"Australian administrative law"},{"id":"2097011","text":"Law Reports\" for their first 100 volumes (1903 to 1959); there are also facsimiles of some unreported judgments (1906-2002). Since October 2013, audio-visual recordings of full-court hearings held in Canberra have been available on its website. High Court of Australia The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"4177611","text":"election and he chose the ministry, as he said he would. The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each State Capital, with those in Sydney located in Phillip Street. There are 18 departments of the Australian Government. As a federation, in Australia judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. Federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"218112","text":"side where the offence was murder, and eight for all other cases. In 1987 this was lowered to three peremptory challenges per side, the same amount allowed in South Australia. Eight peremptory challenges are allowed for both counsels for all offences in Queensland. Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory allow for six. Western Australia allows five peremptory challenges per side. In Australia majority verdicts are allowed in South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Queensland, while the ACT require unanimous verdicts. Since 1927 South Australia has permitted majority verdicts of 11:1, and 10:1 or","title":"Jury trial"},{"id":"15400395","text":"Punishment in Australia Punishment in Australia usually occurs when an individual breaks the law, and enters into the Australian criminal justice system. Australia uses prisons, as well as community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as parole, probation, community service etc). The death penalty has been abolished, and corporal punishment is no longer used. Before the colonisation of Australia by Europeans, Indigenous Australians had their own traditional punishments, some of which are still practiced in the 21st century. Prisons in Australia are operated for the detention of minimum, medium, maximum and supermax security prisoners convicted in state and federal courts, as","title":"Punishment in Australia"},{"id":"13033154","text":"Commonwealth Law Courts The Harry Gibbs Commonwealth Law Courts Building (often known simply as the Commonwealth Law Courts) contains the Queensland registries of the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia; and the Brisbane registries of the Family Court of Australia, Federal Magistrates Court of Australia and the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. It is located at 119 North Quay in the Brisbane CBD. The 13-storey building, designed by John Grealy, contains 33 courtrooms and 29 judge's chambers, as well as administration and prisoner holding facilities. The Commonwealth Law Courts' formal entrance is on North Quay, with a 25m-wide","title":"Commonwealth Law Courts"},{"id":"2096921","text":"in the Parliamentary Triangle overlooking Lake Burley Griffin. With an increasing utilisation of video links, sittings are also often held in the state capitals. The High Court exercises both original jurisdiction (cases that originate in the High Court) and appellate jurisdiction (appeals made to the High Court from other courts). The High Court is the court of final appeal with the ability to interpret the common law for the whole of Australia, not just the state or territory in which the matter arose. The High Court's broad jurisdiction is similar to that of the Supreme Court of Canada and unlike","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"3758356","text":"District court District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include: District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in most Australian States. They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically being for civil disputes where the amount claimed is greater than a $75 000 but less than $750 000. The limits vary between Australian States. In Victoria, the equivalent Court is called the County Court. Below them is the Magistrates' Courts, known as the Local Court in New South","title":"District court"},{"id":"706062","text":"the passing of Family Law Act 1975, under Chapter 3 of the Australian Constitution, it commenced operations on 5 January 1976. It currently comprises a Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Appeal Division judges and other judges. In July 2008, there were 44 judges (5 of whom were also Judges of the Family Court of Western Australia), 2 judicial registrars and 1 senior registrar. In December 2017 the number of judges was down to 36, including 8 Judges of the Appeals Division. The Court maintains registries in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia. The Court has had four Chief","title":"Family Court of Australia"},{"id":"706061","text":"Family Court of Australia The Family Court of Australia is a superior Australian federal court of record which deals with family law matters, such as divorce applications, parenting disputes, and the division of wealth when a couple separate. Together with the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, it covers family law matters in all states and territories of Australia except for Western Australia. Its core function is to determine cases with the most complex law, facts and parties, to cover specialised areas in family law, and to provide national coverage as the national appellate court for family law matters. Established by","title":"Family Court of Australia"},{"id":"6787905","text":"federal level under the \"Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977\" (Cth), or under similar judicial review legislation at the State level in Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, and the Australian Capital Territory. ' s 75(v) of the Constitution entrenches the jurisdiction of the High Court in relation to matters where mandamus, prohibition and injunction are claimed against an officer of the Commonwealth. Australian administrative law Australian administrative law defines the extent of the powers and responsibilities held by administrative agencies of Australian governments. It is basically a common law system, with an increasing statutory overlay that has shifted its focus toward codified","title":"Australian administrative law"},{"id":"3758369","text":"District Courts of Appeal are intermediate appellate courts. In Texas, the Texas District Courts are trial courts of general jurisdiction, hearing all felony and divorce cases, election controversies, and many civil matters. The Hawaii State District Courts, and those in Alaska, New York, and Kentucky, to name a few, are courts of limited jurisdiction. District court District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include: District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in most Australian States. They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter. Their civil","title":"District court"},{"id":"5025274","text":"Supreme Court (in civil matters), or the Court of Criminal Appeal (in criminal matters.) Decisions of the High Court are binding on all Australian courts, including state and territory Supreme Courts. The state and territory courts can sometimes exercise federal jurisdiction (i.e. rule on matters subject to federal legislation.) However, an attempt by the states and the Commonwealth to pass legislation that would cross-vest state judicial powers in the Federal courts was struck down by the High Court in Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally, as being unconstitutional. Notwithstanding this failure, however, both state and federal courts can exercise an \"accrued","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"9936418","text":"Court of Summary Jurisdiction The Court of Summary Jurisdiction is a court in the Northern Territory of Australia. It has jurisdiction to deal with criminal offences which occur in the territory. It is one of the courts that is usually referred to as a magistrates court. The court was established under the Justices Act (NT) in 1974 and replaced the courts of petty sessions commonly established in Australia since British settlement in 1788 to deal with less serious crime. Those courts followed the English tradition of justices of the peace sitting in and out of sessions in England. The court","title":"Court of Summary Jurisdiction"},{"id":"4177594","text":"by the State or Territory in which they are located. Government at the Commonwealth level and the State/Territory level is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government: The \"Separation of powers\" is the principle whereby the three arms of government undertake their activities largely separately from each other: Until the passage of the Australia Act 1986, and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, some Australian cases could be referred to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal. With this act, Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign, and","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"12248645","text":"she acts in a distinct capacity as monarch of each. Under Australia's common law system, the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the authority to interpret constitutional provisions. Their decisions determine the interpretation and application of the constitution. The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century, which culminated in the federation of the Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. However, the Constitution has continued to develop since then, with two laws having particularly significant impact on the constitutional status of the nation. In","title":"Constitution of Australia"},{"id":"8142323","text":"standard s.79 property adjustment, has 4 steps: The Family Law Act created the Family Court of Australia, with equal status to the Federal Court of Australia, as a court of record and with both original and appellate jurisdiction. Appeals from the Full Court of the Family Court of Australia (the appellate jurisdiction) are to the High Court of Australia. In 2000, in a somewhat controversial move, the Australian government created the Federal Circuit Court of Australia as a second court to handle matters under the Family Law Act. Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court are to the Family Court of","title":"Family Law Act 1975"},{"id":"16749132","text":"Kong Director of Public Prosecutions, Kevin Zervos, was made a High Court judge in 2013. Sir Anthony Mason, Murray Gleeson, James Spigelman, William Gummow are appointed to the Court of Final Appeal as non-permanent justices from other common law jurisdictions. The Australian Consulate-General represents the Australian Government in Hong Kong. Some Australian states havetrade or business offices in Hong Kong, including Queensland and Victoria. In Australia, the Hong Kong SAR is represented through the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office based in Sydney. Australia's commercial interests in Hong Kong are extensive and range from banking, accounting, legal, engineering, information technology","title":"Australia–Hong Kong relations"},{"id":"2097001","text":"seats returned to seven, and since then the court has had a full complement of seven Justices. there have been 52 Justices, twelve of whom have been Chief Justice. Current Justices Susan Kiefel, Virginia Bell and Michelle Gordon are the third, fourth and fifth women to sit on the bench, after Justices Mary Gaudron and Susan Crennan. There are three women sitting concurrently on the bench, alongside four men. In 2017, Justice Kiefel became the first woman to be appointed Chief Justice. More than half of the Justices, twenty-six, have been residents of New South Wales (with twenty-four of these","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"5231344","text":"court hierarchy it is one of eight state and territory Supreme Courts having unlimited jurisdiction in their respective parts of Australia. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest ACT court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia. The Court has the jurisdictional power to hear matters that relate to the Jervis Bay Territory, the Australian Antarctic Territory and the Heard and McDonald Islands Territory, although it has never exercised that power. The court was established on 1 January 1934 by the \"Seat of Government Supreme Court Act 1933","title":"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory"},{"id":"2097003","text":"campaigner for gay and lesbian rights and was one of the participants in the first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in 1978. Almost all judges on the High Court have taken silk as a Queen's Counsel (QC), King's Counsel (KC) or Senior Counsel (SC) before appointment. The exceptions are: Justice Sir Hayden Starke, Justices Sir Edward McTiernan, Sir William Webb, Sir Cyril Walsh, Michael Kirby, Robert French and James Edelman. From the retirement of Ian Callinan in 2007 until the appointment of Stephen Gageler in 2012, every justice of the High Court had prior judicial experience (serving on state","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"5025272","text":"Federal Circuit Court judges, as are decisions of these courts on appeal from a Federal Circuit Court judge. In other circumstances, decisions of a single Federal or Family Court judge are not strictly binding; however, these will usually be followed by sentencing. The Federal Circuit Court of Australia (formerly known as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia) is an Australian court with jurisdiction over matters broadly relating to family law and child support, administrative law, admiralty law, bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, industrial law, migration, privacy and trade practices.There has been a shift recently towards having most cases held in this","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"5231343","text":"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the superior court for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving more than 250,000), and hears the most serious criminal matters. Criminal trials may be heard before a judge and jury, or by judge alone at the election of the accused. All matters are heard before a single judge, including appellate matters from the Magistrates Court, the Children's Court, and the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal. In the Australian","title":"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory"},{"id":"7554525","text":"also has appellate jurisdiction from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia on all matters, with the exception of family law, where the Family Court of Australia has appellate jurisdiction. The Court also exercises general appellate jurisdiction in criminal and civil matters on appeal from the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island; and exercises appellate jurisdiction in appeals from State Supreme Courts in some federal matters. Other federal courts and tribunals where the Court exercises appellate jurisdiction include the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority and the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. The jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Australia includes the","title":"Federal Court of Australia"},{"id":"6787889","text":"other things, includes some decisions made by Centrelink, decisions made with regards to military or veteran compensation, and some Freedom of Information decisions. For most other decisions, a standard application fee applies of A$884, however a reduced fee of $100 is available to those eligible for concession or who are experiencing financial hardship. Some of the states and territories of Australia also have tribunals similar to the AAT. They vary in terms of the degree of formality, focus on mediation, procedure and jurisdiction. Victoria established the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal in 1998. The Administrative and Equal Opportunity Division of","title":"Australian administrative law"},{"id":"5231345","text":"(Cth)\", since amended and now known as the \"Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT)\". The first judge of the court was Lionel Lukin. The first Chief Judge was Russell Walter Fox, appointed when the office was created in 1977. It was substituted with the office of Chief Justice in 1982 and the first Chief Justice was Richard Blackburn. Pursuant to section 37E of the \"Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT)\", the court is known as the Court of Appeal when it exercises its appellate jurisdiction under Part 2A of the Act. The courthouse includes two jury courts and in December 2013 \"The","title":"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory"},{"id":"2097000","text":"1912, an amendment to the \"Judiciary Act 1903\" expanded the bench to seven. For most of 1930 two seats were left vacant due to monetary constraints placed on the court by the Depression. The economic downturn had also led to a reduction in litigation and consequently less work for the court. After Sir Isaac Isaacs retired in 1931, his seat was left empty, and in 1933 an amendment to the \"Judiciary Act\" officially reduced the number of seats to six. However, this led to some decisions being split three-all. With the appointment of William Webb in 1946, the number of","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"2096938","text":"of confidence in Nauru’s ability to determine its own destiny.\" Nauruan Justice Minister David Adeang cited the cost of appeals to the High Court as another reason for Nauru to establish its own Court of Appeal as the country's highest court. Under the agreement, the government of either country could end the arrangement with 90 days notice. Nauru unilaterally exercised that option on 12 December 2017 and the High Court's jurisdiction ended on 12 March 2018. However, the termination of the arrangement did not become known until after the Supreme Court had reheard the case of the protesters and again","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"6916486","text":"Chapter III Court In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in Chapter III of the Australian Constitution. The doctrine of separation of powers refers to a system of government whereby three aspects of government powerlegislative power, executive power, and judicial powerare vested in separate institutions. This doctrine holds that abuse of power can be avoided by each arm of government acting as a check on","title":"Chapter III Court"},{"id":"5025262","text":"courts, in a manner similar to that of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 (United Kingdom). Legal and equitable remedies may be pursued in the one action in the one court. Judges are appointed by the executive government, without intervention by the existing judiciary. Once appointed, judges have tenure and there are restrictions on their removal from office. For example, a federal judge may not be removed from office except by the Governor-General upon an address of both Houses of Parliament for proved misbehavior. Judges in Australia are appointed by the Executive government of the relevant jurisdiction, and most","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"706063","text":"Justices to date, Elizabeth Evatt AC (1976-1988), Alastair Nicholson (1988-2004), Diana Bryant (2004-2017) and John Pascoe (Formerly Chief Judge Federal Circuit Court of Australia, appointed to current role in 2017). The position of Deputy Chief Justice has been vacant since the retirement of John Faulks on 30 October 2016. The 2008–09 federal budget provided for Family Court expenditure of $137m (including services provided free to the Federal Magistrates' Court). Commonwealth family law is dealt with by the Family Law Act 1975, the Family Law Regulations 1984 and the Marriage Act 1961. In 1986–87, the States agreed that children should be","title":"Family Court of Australia"},{"id":"1732836","text":"ISO 3166-2:AU ISO 3166-2:AU is the entry for Australia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Australia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 6 states and 2 territories. Lesser territories that are under the administration of the commonwealth government, such as the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands, are not listed. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a","title":"ISO 3166-2:AU"},{"id":"9936422","text":"offender. Court of Summary Jurisdiction The Court of Summary Jurisdiction is a court in the Northern Territory of Australia. It has jurisdiction to deal with criminal offences which occur in the territory. It is one of the courts that is usually referred to as a magistrates court. The court was established under the Justices Act (NT) in 1974 and replaced the courts of petty sessions commonly established in Australia since British settlement in 1788 to deal with less serious crime. Those courts followed the English tradition of justices of the peace sitting in and out of sessions in England. The","title":"Court of Summary Jurisdiction"},{"id":"12346125","text":"Supreme Court of Christmas Island The Supreme Court of Christmas Island was the highest court for Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia. The court was originally established in 1958 after sovereignty over the island was transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the island. The court was abolished on 10 May 2002. Judges from Australian courts were appointed to be judges of the court. Those judges would travel to the island to hear, consider and determine cases. In 1992, courts in","title":"Supreme Court of Christmas Island"},{"id":"8631105","text":"migration and bankruptcy applications filed in the federal courts. Approximately 90% of the Court's workload is in the area of family law. The Court also deals with nearly 80% of all family law matters filed in the federal courts. It is also intended to replace (in part) the federal jurisdiction with which state courts have been invested under the \"Judiciary Act 1903\". The court was established on 23 December 1999 by the Australian Government as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, as a result of royal assent of the \"Federal Magistrates Act 1999 (Cth)\". The court is now known as","title":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia"},{"id":"4177595","text":"the High Court of Australia was confirmed as the highest court of appeal. The theoretical possibility of the British Parliament enacting laws to override the Australian Constitution was also removed. The Legislature makes the laws, and supervises the activities of the other two arms with a view to changing the laws when appropriate. The Australian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Queen of Australia, a 76-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \"quota-preferential voting\": see Australian electoral","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"5197224","text":"England to the present day, as case law or precedent, by judges, courts, and tribunals. However, after over a century of federation, there is a substantial divergence between English and Australian common law. Unlike the United States Supreme Court, the High Court of Australia, which was established in 1903, has a general appellate jurisdiction over the State Supreme Courts. This ensures there is a single uniform Australian common law. Until 1963, the High Court regarded decisions of the House of Lords binding, and there was substantial uniformity between Australian and English common law. In 1978, the High Court declared that","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"10499488","text":"is being considered for exclusion: Judges may face the need to weigh the probative value versus the prejudicial impact in nearly any case. A part of this is symbolized by a weighing scale and represents justice. Australian rule of evidence is a mixture of statute and common law. It has a uniform \"Evidence Act\" (UEA or the 'Act') that consists of Acts of the Commonwealth, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory and Norfolk Island. The rules of evidence work to ensure that criminal trials are conducted in a manner that is fair to both parties in","title":"Relevance (law)"},{"id":"8631114","text":"Federal Magistrate. They are: , the judges of the Court were: Federal Circuit Court judges are assisted by Associates and Deputy Associates, many of whom are qualified lawyers. The Court sits permanently in each state capital, although in Perth it only hears general federal law matters as the Family Court of Western Australia has sole jurisdiction over family law in that state. The Court also sits permanently in the major regional centres of Launceston, Cairns, Townsville, Parramatta and Newcastle and regularly circuits to a large number of regional cities to hear family law cases. The Court hears some applications and","title":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia"},{"id":"2096922","text":"the Supreme Court of the United States which has a more limited jurisdiction. As such, the court is able to develop the common law consistently across all the states and territories. This role, alongside its role in constitutional interpretation, is one of the court's most significant. As Sir Owen Dixon said on his swearing in as Chief Justice of Australia: \"The High Court's jurisdiction is divided in its exercise between constitutional and federal cases which loom so largely in the public eye, and the great body of litigation between man and man, or even man and government, which has nothing","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"6787903","text":"beyond the statute. An example of procedural fairness is that a defendant has a right to respond to a case being made against them. At common law, the traditional remedies are the prerogative writs, referred to as \"constitutional writs\" in the exercise of federal judicial power, — principally \"certiorari\", \"prohibition\", and \"mandamus\", and the former equitable remedies, declarations and injunctions. Certiorari is granted either on two grounds: error of law on face of the record or jurisdictional error. Certiorari can only be granted if it is \"possible to identify a decision which has a discernible or apparent legal effect upon","title":"Australian administrative law"},{"id":"5213801","text":"the one court with each judge able to sit on cases in any of the courts. In 2004 the Full Court and the Court of Criminal Appeal were subsumed by the Court of Appeal, which, while still a division of the Supreme Court, has judges which sit solely on appeal cases. The Supreme Court is currently constituted by the following judicial officers (in order of seniority): The Supreme Court building has considerable heritage significance in Western Australia. In 1899, a joint parliamentary committee was formed to decide on the location of the new court building with three sites being considered.","title":"Supreme Court of Western Australia"},{"id":"2096927","text":"exceptions and subject to such regulations as the Parliament prescribes\". Parliament has prescribed a large limitation in section 35A of the \"Judiciary Act 1903\". This requires \"special leave\" to appeal. Special leave is granted only where a question of law is raised that is of public importance; or involves a conflict between courts; or \"is in the interests of the administration of justice\". Therefore, while the High Court is the final court of appeal, it cannot be considered a general court of appeal. The decision as to whether to grant special leave to appeal is determined by one or more","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"706070","text":"orders providing for the residence of a child. In December 2000, its jurisdiction was extended to encompass ‘residence’. The majority of proceedings under the \"Family Law Act\" are now filed in the FMC. In general practice, only the more complex and intractable family law cases are transferred from the Federal Magistrates' Court to the Family Court. In 2008, the federal Attorney-General announced a review of the delivery of family law services by the Family Court of Australia and the Federal Magistrates Court. A November 2008 report set out a possible framework of governance options to achieve a more integrated system","title":"Family Court of Australia"},{"id":"2096995","text":"first used in relation to the appointment of Justice Wilson, and has been generally successful, despite the occasional criticism that the states merely have a consultative, rather than a determinative, role in the selection process. There are no qualifications for Justices in the Constitution (other than that they must be under the compulsory retirement age of 70). The High Court of Australia Act 1979 requires that appointees have been a judge of a federal, state or territory court, or that they have been enrolled as a legal practitioner for at least five years with either the High Court itself or","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"5213799","text":"other bodies such as the State Administrative Tribunal. The General Division sits in the David Malcolm Justice Centre for civil proceedings and the District Court of WA Building and the original Supreme Court Building for criminal proceedings. The Court of Appeal hears both civil and criminal appeals from cases in the General Division, the District Court and the State Administrative Tribunal. It sits in the original Supreme Court Building. When required, Supreme Court judges may also constitute the Industrial Appeal Court and sit as a Court of Disputed Returns. The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Peter Quinlan","title":"Supreme Court of Western Australia"},{"id":"6916487","text":"another. In Australia, this separation is implied in the structure of the Constitution. Chapter I outlines legislative powerthe making, altering or repealing of laws; Chapter II outlines executive powerthe general and detailed carrying on of governmental functions; Chapter III outlines judicial powerthe interpretation of law, and adjudication according to law. Federal courts must have those features contained in Chapter III of the Constitution of Australia. These features serve two purposes: firstly, they prescribe the features of any court created by the federal government; and secondly, they serve as criteria when deciding whether a body qualifies as a Chapter III Court.","title":"Chapter III Court"},{"id":"1732839","text":"with alpha-2 code . ISO 3166-2:AU ISO 3166-2:AU is the entry for Australia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Australia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 6 states and 2 territories. Lesser territories that are under the administration of the commonwealth government, such as the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands, are not listed. Each code consists of two","title":"ISO 3166-2:AU"},{"id":"6677602","text":"to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance by single Judges. The Court includes an appeal division referred to as the Full Court comprising three Judges, the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the Supreme Courts of each of the states and territories. In relation to the other Courts in the federal stream, it is equal to","title":"Australian Intelligence Community"},{"id":"12360679","text":"number of judges mediating disputes to determine outcome. Most countries have systems of appeal courts, answering up to a supreme legal authority. In the United States, this authority is the Supreme Court; in Australia, the High Court; in the UK, the Supreme Court; in Germany, the \"Bundesverfassungsgericht\"; and in France, the \"Cour de Cassation\". For most European countries the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg can overrule national law, when EU law is relevant. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg allows citizens of the Council of Europe member states to bring cases relating to human rights issues before","title":"Law"},{"id":"5025261","text":"and contempt powers. But unlike their Supreme Court counterparts, their subject matter jurisdiction must be granted by statute. Under the doctrine of \"accrued jurisdiction\", the Federal Court can, however, rule on issues outside its explicit jurisdiction, provided that they are part of a larger matter that the court does have jurisdiction over. The High Court has limited trial powers, but very rarely exercises them. It has ample power to transfer cases started there to another, more appropriate court, so that the High Court can conserve its energies for its appellate functions. Common law and equity are administered by the same","title":"Judiciary of Australia"},{"id":"2096936","text":"the first 40 years of its operation. In 2017, however, this jumped to 13 appeals, most relating to asylum seekers. Some legal commentators (including the Australian Law Reform Commission) have argued that this appellate jurisdiction sits awkwardly with the High Court's other responsibilities and should be renegotiated or repealed. Problems identified including the need to apply Nauruan law and customary practice and that the High Court need not grant leave for an appeal to be heard. Matthew Batsiua, a former Justice Minister of Nauru, has suggested that the Nauruan government was unhappy with the arrangement following an October 2017 decision","title":"High Court of Australia"},{"id":"3957607","text":"traditional notions of what constitutes judicial process. The result may be a limited constitutional guarantee of due process. The judicial power of the Commonwealth is vested, in Chapter III of the Constitution, in the High Court and such other courts as the Parliament creates or invests with Federal jurisdiction. In Australian constitutional jargon, such courts are called \"Chapter III courts\". The members of Chapter III courts may not be removed except by the Governor-General on an address from both Houses of Parliament on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity; they otherwise hold office until the age of 70. In","title":"Australian constitutional law"},{"id":"12515940","text":"Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands The Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is the \"de jure\" superior court for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian external territory. The court was originally established in 1958 after the British Government transferred sovereignty for the islands from Singapore to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the Island. Judges from Australian courts were appointed to be judges of the court. Those judges would travel to the island to hear, consider and determine cases. In 1992 courts in Western","title":"Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands"},{"id":"7671890","text":"in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales and Supreme Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland, which are all subordinate to higher courts of appeal. The idea of a supreme court","title":"Supreme court"},{"id":"8631110","text":"the \"Bankruptcy Act 1966\", except those requiring jury trials. The vast majority of bankruptcy court cases in Australia are heard by The Federal Circuit Court (92% in 2004-5). The Court has civil jurisdiction with respect to claims under the following provisions of the \"Competition and Consumer Act 2010\" (formerly known as the \"Trade Practices Act 1974\"): The Court can provide injunctive relief and award damages of up to $750 000. The Court also has civil jurisdiction with respect to claims under the \"National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009\". There is provision in certain proceedings for a litigant to elect that","title":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia"},{"id":"3998907","text":"Law enforcement in Australia Law enforcement in Australia is one of the three major components of the country's justice system, along with courts and corrections. There are law enforcement officers employed by all three levels of government – federal, state / territory, and local. Federally, the main law enforcement agency is the Australian Federal Police (AFP), which has a wide mandate to enforce Australian criminal law and protect its national interests. There are also a number of other agencies that have powers confined to specific areas, such as national security (ASIO), customs and immigration (ABF), and white-collar crime (ATO, ACCC,","title":"Law enforcement in Australia"},{"id":"8179629","text":"of the Industrial Relations Court, the Environment, Resources and Development Court, the Licensing Court and the Youth Court, as well as Masters of the Supreme Court, also formally hold office as District Court Judges. They are not listed on this page (except where they have also served as a District Court Judge). The work of the Court is divided into four areas: civil, criminal, administrative and disciplinary, and criminal injuries. The District Court can hear most civil and criminal matters except for offences related to murder and treason. It also has jurisdiction over criminal injuries compensation claims. In the administrative","title":"District Court of South Australia"},{"id":"4009758","text":"the Supreme Court does for the federal government. These appellate courts do not normally conduct trials or hear witnesses. These courts are Canada's equivalent of the Court of Appeal in England and the various State Supreme Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals in the United States. Each of the above-listed appellate courts is the highest court from its respective province or territory. Each province's chief justice sits in the appellate court of that province. These courts (as listed below by province and territory in alphabetical order) exist at the provincial and territorial levels. The superior courts are the courts of","title":"Court system of Canada"},{"id":"5411889","text":"the States are equally represented notwithstanding great disparities in population (s. 7); the division of senators into different cohorts on alternating electoral cycles (s. 13); the establishment of a supreme court empowered to declare actions of either level of government unconstitutional, the High Court of Australia (s. 71); and a complex two-step amending procedure (s. 128). Since federation, the balance of power between levels of government has shifted substantially from the founders' vision. The shift has transferred power from State governments to the Commonwealth government. While voters have generally rejected proposals to enhance the Commonwealth's authority through constitutional amendment, the","title":"Federalism in Australia"},{"id":"12346132","text":"This all led to the unsatisfactory situation of prosecuting Australians under Singaporean law. Since 1992, courts in Western Australia have undertaken the work of the court under a service delivery arrangement with the Commonwealth Government. This was introduced at the same time as the introduction of Western Australian law to the island. The Western Australian Magistrates Court, District Court, Supreme Court, Family Court, Children's Court and Coroner's Court all provide services to the island as required. As a result, a separate superior court in the territory was no longer necessary. A proclamation issued by the Governor-General formally abolished the Court","title":"Supreme Court of Christmas Island"},{"id":"901177","text":"for years in the register, the debt must be settled within thirty days after the date the County Court judgment was served (unless the judgment was later set aside). If the debt was not fully paid within the statutory period, the entry will remain for six full years. County court is the name given to the intermediate court in one Australian state, namely the County Court of Victoria (in other states and territories it is called the 'District Court'). They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences except for treason, murder, and manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically over civil","title":"County court"},{"id":"4177587","text":"the Queen of Australia who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, with executive powers delegated by constitutional convention to the Australian head of government, the Prime Minister of Australia. The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into the executive branch, composed of the Federal Executive Council presided by the Governor-General, which delegates powers to the Cabinet of Australia led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch composed of the Parliament of Australia's House of Representatives and Senate, and the judicial branch composed of the High Court of Australia and federal courts. Separation of powers is implied by","title":"Government of Australia"},{"id":"9699515","text":"Australian Soil Classification The Australian Soil Classification is the classification system currently used to describe and classify soils in Australia. It is a general-purpose, hierarchical classification system, and consists of five categorical levels from the most general to the most specific: \"order\", \"suborder\", \"great group\", \"subgroup\", and \"family\". An interactive, online key is available. The Australian Soil Classification supersedes other classification systems previously developed for Australian soils, including the Factual Key (1960) and the Handbook of Australian Soils (1968). At the top, most general, level of the Australian Soil Classification, there are fourteen soil orders. They are: \"Anthroposols\", \"Organosols\", \"Podosols\",","title":"Australian Soil Classification"},{"id":"8631113","text":"and Indigenous Affairs, the Refugee Review Tribunal and the Migration Review Tribunal. The Court does not have jurisdiction to undertake a merits review of these types of decisions. Enforcing determinations of the Privacy Commissioner and private sector adjudicators under the \"Privacy Act 1988\". In 2006 the Court was embroiled in controversy when it was revealed that Magistrate Jennifer Rimmer had plagiarised the work of her colleagues when writing decisions. The Court has a Chief Judge (known as the Chief Federal Magistrate when the Court was called the Federal Magistrates Court). Only three people have served as Chief Judge or Chief","title":"Federal Circuit Court of Australia"},{"id":"12248662","text":"the circumstances in which an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council. Section 79 allows Parliament to prescribe the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth. Chapter IV deals with finance and trade in the federal system. Section 81 prescribes that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Parliament can make laws as to the appropriations of money (Section 53). Unlike most other powers of the parliament, laws made under the appropriations power are not ordinarily susceptible to effective legal challenge. Section","title":"Constitution of Australia"},{"id":"16742714","text":"South Wales commenced operation of a Youth Drug and Alcohol Court, which functions under the control of the Children's Court. It aims to provide an integrated case management approach to prevent re-offending and includes treatment and assistance with health and education needs. Established pursuant to the as a pilot project, five drug courts have been established in Queensland. The Act and regulations limit the number of people who can enter the system from each court each year. In August 2005, it was announced that the drug courts would be made permanent. To be eligible, defendants must be adults, dependent on","title":"Drug courts in Australia"},{"id":"5197219","text":"certain indirect protections have been recognised by implication or as a consequence of other constitutional principles. For example, there is an implied guarantee of freedom of political communication. Additionally, rights are protected indirectly through the separation of powers, which requires courts to be sufficiently independent and impartial from the other branches of government. Human rights in Australia are generally protected through statutes and the common law. If the government agrees that the changes are worthwhile, a Bill is drafted, usually by Parliamentary Counsel. The Bill is read and debated in both houses of parliament before it is either rejected, changed,","title":"Law of Australia"},{"id":"5538495","text":"tribunals can be appealed against in the District Court. The court is low in the Australian court hierarchy. The current Chief Judge of the District Court is Kevin Frederick Sleight, who has held the position since April 2015. District Court of Western Australia The District Court of Western Australia is the intermediate court in Western Australia. The Perth Registry is located at 500 Hay Street, Perth. Other registries are located at Albany, Broome, Bunbury, Busselton, Carnarvon, Derby, Esperance, Geraldton, Kalgoorlie, Karratha, Kununurra, and South Hedland. In the Criminal jurisdiction it hears serious, indictable criminal offences for which the maximum penalty","title":"District Court of Western Australia"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"5025259\",\n \"text\": \"Judiciary of Australia The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law. The large number of courts in Australia have different procedural powers and characteristics, different jurisdictional limits, different remedial powers and different cost structures. Under the Australian Constitution, federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal courts as may be created by the\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025278\",\n \"text\": \"act pursuant to some form of devolved legislation; such as Environmental Regulations or Rental Tenancy Regulations. A table of the Court hierarchy and Civil and Administrative Tribunals of the Australian States and Territories follows here: Judiciary of Australia The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both federal and State law. The large number of courts in Australia have different procedural powers and characteristics, different\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197205\",\n \"text\": \"Law of Australia The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. These include the Australian Constitution, legislation enacted by the Federal Parliament and the parliaments of the States and territories of Australia, regulations promulgated by the Executive, and the common law of Australia arising from the decisions of judges. The Australian Constitution is the legal foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia and sets out a federal system of government, dividing power between the federal Government and the States and territories, each of which are separate jurisdictions and have their own system of courts and\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096920\",\n \"text\": \"first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903. It now operates under sections 71 to 75 of the Constitution, the \\\"Judiciary Act\\\", and the \\\"High Court of Australia Act\\\" 1979. It is composed of seven Justices: the Chief Justice of Australia, currently Susan Kiefel, and six other Justices. They are appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the federal government, and under the constitution must retire at age 70. The High Court has had a permanent home in Canberra since 1979. The majority of its sittings are held in the High Court building, which is situated\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025269\",\n \"text\": \"was created by the Federal Court of Australia Act in 1976. Decisions of the High Court are binding on the Federal Court. There is an appeal level of the Federal Court (the \\\"Full Court\\\" of the Federal Court), which consists of several judges, usually three but occasionally five in very significant cases. The Family Court has jurisdiction over family law matters. It is a superior court of limited jurisdiction and was established in 1975 by the Family Law Act 1975 by the federal parliament. The Commonwealth has power over marriage and divorce under the Constitution. In the 1990s the states\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025266\",\n \"text\": \"71 of the Constitution. It has appellate jurisdiction over all other courts. It also has some original jurisdiction, and has the power of constitutional review. The High Court of Australia is the superior court to all federal courts, and is also the final route of appeal from all state superior courts. Appeals to the High Court are by special leave only, which is rarely granted. Therefore, for most cases, the appellate divisions of the Supreme Courts of each state and territory and the Federal Court are the ultimate appellate courts. The Full Court of the High Court is the ultimate\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025265\",\n \"text\": \"court' (or 'superior court of record'). In many respects Australian superior courts are similar to the Senior Courts of England and Wales. In Australia, superior courts generally: Inferior courts are those beneath superior courts in the appellate hierarchy, and are generally seen to include the Magistrates and District (or County) Court of each State as well as the Federal Circuit Court. Inferior courts are typically characterised by: These courts among them have jurisdiction over Commonwealth law, that is, law made by the Federal parliament of Australia. The High Court is the highest court in Australia. It was created by section\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025277\",\n \"text\": \"As these territories have very small populations, the courts only sit from time to time as needed. The three external territories are Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The remaining external territories (including Antarctica) do not have permanent courts. In the event of a case arising from these territories, the courts of the ACT have jurisdiction. All the States and Territories, with the exception of Tasmania, have a Civil and Administrative Tribunal. These hear cases relating to lesser State or Territory administrative disputes (involving some individual, business or government body). These commonly involve actions by persons bound to\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7570241\",\n \"text\": \"Justice of Australia, presently The Hon. Susan Kiefel AC, and six other Justices. The state supreme courts are also considered to be superior courts, those with unlimited jurisdiction to hear disputes and which are the pinnacle of the court hierarchy within their jurisdictions. They were created by means of the constitutions of their respective states or the Self Government Acts for the ACT and the Northern Territory. Appeals may be made from state supreme courts to the High Court of Australia. Inferior Courts are secondary to Superior Courts. Their existence stems from legislation and they only have the power to\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025275\",\n \"text\": \"jurisdiction,\\\" which enables them to hear all legal issues arising from a single set of facts. This enables all courts to deal with virtually all issues arising from the facts of a case, provided that the particular court has jurisdiction to hear the principal cause of action. Most of the states have two further levels of courts, which are comparable across the country. The district court (or county court in Victoria) handles most criminal trials for less serious indictable offences, and most civil matters below a threshold (usually around $1 million). The magistrates court (or local court) handles summary matters\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025273\",\n \"text\": \"court, thereby freeing up workload so the Federal Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia can hear more complicated cases. This court also hears appeals from various federal tribunals. Each state and territory has a court hierarchy of its own, with the jurisdictions of each court varying from state to state and territory to territory. However, all states and territories have a Supreme Court, which is a superior court of record and is the highest court within that state or territory. These courts also have appeal divisions, known as the Full Court or Court of Appeal of the\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025260\",\n \"text\": \"federal Parliament. These courts include the Federal Court of Australia, the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, and the Family Court of Australia. Federal jurisdiction can also be vested in State courts. The Supreme Courts of the states and territories are superior courts of record with general and unlimited jurisdiction within their own state or territory. They can try any justiciable dispute, whether it be for money or not, and whether it be for $1 or $1 billion. Like the Supreme Courts, the Family Court and Federal Court are superior courts of record, which means that they have certain inherent procedural\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197210\",\n \"text\": \"had been established through Acts of the British Parliament. The \\\"New South Wales Act\\\" 1823 provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court with the power to deal with all criminal and civil matters \\\"as fully and amply as Her Majesty's Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer at Westminster\\\". Inferior courts were also established, including courts of General or Quarter Sessions, and Courts of Requests. Representative government emerged in the 1840s and 1850s, and a considerable measure of autonomy was given to local legislatures in the second half of the nineteenth century. Colonial Parliaments introduced certain reforms such\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197227\",\n \"text\": \"ensure a treaty is honoured. The main substantive areas of law in Australia include: The Australian Law Reform Commission investigates suggestions for reform raised by attorneys-general and in some jurisdictions, by members of the public. Law of Australia The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. These include the Australian Constitution, legislation enacted by the Federal Parliament and the parliaments of the States and territories of Australia, regulations promulgated by the Executive, and the common law of Australia arising from the decisions of judges. The Australian Constitution is the legal foundation of the Commonwealth\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096919\",\n \"text\": \"High Court of Australia The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape the development of federalism in Australia. The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Court was constituted by, and its\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7570240\",\n \"text\": \"politics. The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, has the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and interprets the Constitution of Australia. The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The High Court was constituted by the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth). The High Court is composed of seven Justices: the Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7554523\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Court of Australia The Federal Court of Australia is an Australian superior court of record which has jurisdiction to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance by single Judges. The Court includes an appeal division referred to as the Full Court comprising three Judges, the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the Supreme Courts of each\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197207\",\n \"text\": \"Australia is the highest court in Australia, and hears appeals from federal and State courts on matters of both federal and State law. Unlike the United States, there is only one common law of Australia rather than common laws for each of the several jurisdictions of the states and territories. The legal institutions and traditions of Australian law are monocultural in character, reflecting its English origins. When the British arrived in Australia, they considered the continent to be \\\"terra nullius\\\", or land belonging to no-one, on the basis that the Aboriginal peoples already inhabiting the continent were too primitive to\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025276\",\n \"text\": \"and smaller civil matters. In jurisdictions without district or county courts, most of those matters are dealt with by the supreme courts. In Tasmania and the two mainland territories, however, there is only a Magistrates Court below the Supreme Court. In the three external territories (that is, territories not directly forming part of the Commonwealth of Australia but administered by the Commonwealth) there is a supreme court and a magistrates court or court of petty sessions. The supreme courts are staffed by judges of other courts, usually the Federal Court. Appeals from those courts lie to the full Federal Court.\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7554524\",\n \"text\": \"of the states and territories. In relation to the other Courts in the federal stream, it is equal to the Family Court of Australia, and superior to the Federal Circuit Court. It was established in 1976 by the Federal Court of Australia Act. The Chief Justice of the Federal Court is James Allsop. The Federal Court has no inherent jurisdiction. Its jurisdiction flows from statute. The Court's original jurisdiction include matters arising from Commonwealth legislation such as, for example, matters relating to taxation, trade practices, native title, intellectual property, industrial relations, corporations, immigration and bankruptcy. The Federal Court of Australia\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025263\",\n \"text\": \"judges have previously practised as a barrister. Federal judges may only serve until age 70. There is no constitutional limit on the length of service of State court judges, but State laws usually fix a retirement age. For example, in New South Wales, judges must retire at age 72, though they can remain as \\\"acting judges\\\" until age 76. The hierarchy consists of a variety of courts and tribunals at both the federal and state and territory levels, with the High Court being the highest court in the Australian judicial system. A single body of Australian common law is applied\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177612\",\n \"text\": \"courts created by the Federal Parliament, including the Federal Court of Australia, the Family Court of Australia, and the Federal Circuit Court of Australia. Additionally, unlike in the United States, the federal legislature has the power to enact laws which vest federal jurisdiction in State courts. Since the Australian Constitution requires a separation of powers at the federal level, only courts may exercise federal judicial power; and conversely, non-judicial functions cannot be vested in courts. State judicial power is exercised by each State's Supreme Court, and such other courts and tribunals created by the State Parliaments. The High Court is\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6916498\",\n \"text\": \"certificate \\\"has long since been spent\\\" and is \\\"obsolete\\\". In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament and the Parliament of Australia (with the request and consent of the Australian States), appeals to the Privy Council from State Supreme Courts were closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal. Chapter III Court In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of\",\n \"title\": \"Chapter III Court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197218\",\n \"text\": \"determine disputes about whether a law is within power and consistent with the Constitution. Chapter III of the Constitution required the creation of the High Court of Australia, and confers power to establish other federal courts and to vest federal jurisdiction in State courts. Australian courts could permit an appeal to the Privy Council on constitutional matters. The right of appeal from the High Court to the Privy Council was only abolished in 1975, and from State courts in 1986. Australia does not have a constitutional bill of rights and there are few express rights guaranteed by the Constitution. However,\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025268\",\n \"text\": \"the Constitution; however, the High Court has indicated it will not grant such leave in the future. The Federal Court primarily hears matters relating to corporations, trade practices, industrial relations, bankruptcy, customs, immigration and other areas of federal law. The court has original jurisdiction in these areas, and also has the power to hear appeals from a number of tribunals and other bodies (and, in cases not involving family law, from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia.) The court is a superior court of limited jurisdiction, but below the High Court of Australia in the hierarchy of federal courts, and\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025264\",\n \"text\": \"in the various Australian courts, and ultimately determined by the High Court now that appeals to the (British) Judicial Committee of the Privy Council have been abolished. The High Court has described the concept of a superior court (and associated 'notions derived from the position of pre-Judicature common law courts') as having 'no ready application in Australia to federal courts.' Despite this, Australian courts are frequently characterised as either 'superior' or 'inferior.' The Federal Court and the Supreme Courts of each State and Territory are generally considered to be superior courts. There is no single definition of the term 'superior\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8631104\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia The Federal Circuit Court of Australia, formerly known as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, is an Australian court with jurisdiction over matters broadly relating to family law and child support, administrative law, admiralty law, bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, industrial law, migration, privacy and trade practices. The Court was created to deal with the increasing workload of the Federal Court of Australia and the Family Court of Australia, by hearing less complex cases for them and freeing those Courts to deal only with more complex cases. The Federal Circuit Court deals with approximately 95% of\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12248661\",\n \"text\": \"armed forces rests with the government. Chapter III sets up the judicial branch of government; its provisions create the federal judicature and define the way it operates. Section 71 vests judicial power in a \\\"Federal Supreme Court\\\" to be called the High Court of Australia, and such other federal courts as Parliament creates, and in such other courts as Parliament invests with federal jurisdiction. Such courts are called \\\"Chapter III Courts\\\" and are the only courts that can exercise federal judicial power. Sections 73 and 75–78 outline the original and appellate jurisdiction of the High Court. Section 74 provides for\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025271\",\n \"text\": \"as for the Federal Court. Appeals from the Family Court are heard by the \\\"Full Court\\\" of the Family Court (three to five judges). Appeals from the Full Court lie to the High Court of Australia, though special leave is required. A single judge of the Family Court may hear appeals in family law matters from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia. Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court must go to either of these courts (Federal Court or Family Court), dependent on the area of law. Decisions of the Full Court of the Federal and Family Courts are binding on\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197206\",\n \"text\": \"parliaments. The constitutional framework of Australia is a combination of elements of the Westminster and United States systems of government. The federal legislature has the power to pass laws with respect to a number of express areas, which apply to the whole of Australia and override any State laws to the extent of any inconsistency. However, beyond those express areas the States legislatures generally have plenary power to enact laws on any subject. At both the federal and State levels, the substantive law of Australia is largely derived from the common law system of English law. The High Court of\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177613\",\n \"text\": \"the final court of appeal in Australia and has the jurisdiction to hear appeals on matters of both federal and state law. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by federal and State parliaments, and has jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Australia. Unlike in the United States, there is only one common law of Australia, rather than separate common laws for each State. The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament: The following corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) by section 5(1) of the Public Governance,\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6787890\",\n \"text\": \"the New South Wales Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2014. It replaced the Administrative Decisions Tribunal of New South Wales, previously established in 1998, alongside 21 other tribunals. The State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia was established in 2004. The Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2009. The South Australian Civil and Administrative Tribunal was established in 2015. In South Australia and Tasmania, some of the functions of the tribunals are performed by the courts. Both at Commonwealth level and in every State, there is an office of Ombudsman, with wide power to investigate action that\",\n \"title\": \"Australian administrative law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2097011\",\n \"text\": \"Law Reports\\\" for their first 100 volumes (1903 to 1959); there are also facsimiles of some unreported judgments (1906-2002). Since October 2013, audio-visual recordings of full-court hearings held in Canberra have been available on its website. High Court of Australia The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177611\",\n \"text\": \"election and he chose the ministry, as he said he would. The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each State Capital, with those in Sydney located in Phillip Street. There are 18 departments of the Australian Government. As a federation, in Australia judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. Federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"218112\",\n \"text\": \"side where the offence was murder, and eight for all other cases. In 1987 this was lowered to three peremptory challenges per side, the same amount allowed in South Australia. Eight peremptory challenges are allowed for both counsels for all offences in Queensland. Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory allow for six. Western Australia allows five peremptory challenges per side. In Australia majority verdicts are allowed in South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Queensland, while the ACT require unanimous verdicts. Since 1927 South Australia has permitted majority verdicts of 11:1, and 10:1 or\",\n \"title\": \"Jury trial\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15400395\",\n \"text\": \"Punishment in Australia Punishment in Australia usually occurs when an individual breaks the law, and enters into the Australian criminal justice system. Australia uses prisons, as well as community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as parole, probation, community service etc). The death penalty has been abolished, and corporal punishment is no longer used. Before the colonisation of Australia by Europeans, Indigenous Australians had their own traditional punishments, some of which are still practiced in the 21st century. Prisons in Australia are operated for the detention of minimum, medium, maximum and supermax security prisoners convicted in state and federal courts, as\",\n \"title\": \"Punishment in Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"13033154\",\n \"text\": \"Commonwealth Law Courts The Harry Gibbs Commonwealth Law Courts Building (often known simply as the Commonwealth Law Courts) contains the Queensland registries of the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia; and the Brisbane registries of the Family Court of Australia, Federal Magistrates Court of Australia and the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. It is located at 119 North Quay in the Brisbane CBD. The 13-storey building, designed by John Grealy, contains 33 courtrooms and 29 judge's chambers, as well as administration and prisoner holding facilities. The Commonwealth Law Courts' formal entrance is on North Quay, with a 25m-wide\",\n \"title\": \"Commonwealth Law Courts\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096921\",\n \"text\": \"in the Parliamentary Triangle overlooking Lake Burley Griffin. With an increasing utilisation of video links, sittings are also often held in the state capitals. The High Court exercises both original jurisdiction (cases that originate in the High Court) and appellate jurisdiction (appeals made to the High Court from other courts). The High Court is the court of final appeal with the ability to interpret the common law for the whole of Australia, not just the state or territory in which the matter arose. The High Court's broad jurisdiction is similar to that of the Supreme Court of Canada and unlike\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3758356\",\n \"text\": \"District court District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include: District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in most Australian States. They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically being for civil disputes where the amount claimed is greater than a $75 000 but less than $750 000. The limits vary between Australian States. In Victoria, the equivalent Court is called the County Court. Below them is the Magistrates' Courts, known as the Local Court in New South\",\n \"title\": \"District court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"706062\",\n \"text\": \"the passing of Family Law Act 1975, under Chapter 3 of the Australian Constitution, it commenced operations on 5 January 1976. It currently comprises a Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Appeal Division judges and other judges. In July 2008, there were 44 judges (5 of whom were also Judges of the Family Court of Western Australia), 2 judicial registrars and 1 senior registrar. In December 2017 the number of judges was down to 36, including 8 Judges of the Appeals Division. The Court maintains registries in all Australian states and territories except Western Australia. The Court has had four Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Family Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"706061\",\n \"text\": \"Family Court of Australia The Family Court of Australia is a superior Australian federal court of record which deals with family law matters, such as divorce applications, parenting disputes, and the division of wealth when a couple separate. Together with the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, it covers family law matters in all states and territories of Australia except for Western Australia. Its core function is to determine cases with the most complex law, facts and parties, to cover specialised areas in family law, and to provide national coverage as the national appellate court for family law matters. Established by\",\n \"title\": \"Family Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6787905\",\n \"text\": \"federal level under the \\\"Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977\\\" (Cth), or under similar judicial review legislation at the State level in Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, and the Australian Capital Territory. ' s 75(v) of the Constitution entrenches the jurisdiction of the High Court in relation to matters where mandamus, prohibition and injunction are claimed against an officer of the Commonwealth. Australian administrative law Australian administrative law defines the extent of the powers and responsibilities held by administrative agencies of Australian governments. It is basically a common law system, with an increasing statutory overlay that has shifted its focus toward codified\",\n \"title\": \"Australian administrative law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3758369\",\n \"text\": \"District Courts of Appeal are intermediate appellate courts. In Texas, the Texas District Courts are trial courts of general jurisdiction, hearing all felony and divorce cases, election controversies, and many civil matters. The Hawaii State District Courts, and those in Alaska, New York, and Kentucky, to name a few, are courts of limited jurisdiction. District court District courts are a category of courts which exists in several nations. These include: District Court is the name given to the intermediate court in most Australian States. They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences excluding treason, murder and, in some States, manslaughter. Their civil\",\n \"title\": \"District court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025274\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court (in civil matters), or the Court of Criminal Appeal (in criminal matters.) Decisions of the High Court are binding on all Australian courts, including state and territory Supreme Courts. The state and territory courts can sometimes exercise federal jurisdiction (i.e. rule on matters subject to federal legislation.) However, an attempt by the states and the Commonwealth to pass legislation that would cross-vest state judicial powers in the Federal courts was struck down by the High Court in Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally, as being unconstitutional. Notwithstanding this failure, however, both state and federal courts can exercise an \\\"accrued\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9936418\",\n \"text\": \"Court of Summary Jurisdiction The Court of Summary Jurisdiction is a court in the Northern Territory of Australia. It has jurisdiction to deal with criminal offences which occur in the territory. It is one of the courts that is usually referred to as a magistrates court. The court was established under the Justices Act (NT) in 1974 and replaced the courts of petty sessions commonly established in Australia since British settlement in 1788 to deal with less serious crime. Those courts followed the English tradition of justices of the peace sitting in and out of sessions in England. The court\",\n \"title\": \"Court of Summary Jurisdiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177594\",\n \"text\": \"by the State or Territory in which they are located. Government at the Commonwealth level and the State/Territory level is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government: The \\\"Separation of powers\\\" is the principle whereby the three arms of government undertake their activities largely separately from each other: Until the passage of the Australia Act 1986, and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, some Australian cases could be referred to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal. With this act, Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign, and\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12248645\",\n \"text\": \"she acts in a distinct capacity as monarch of each. Under Australia's common law system, the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the authority to interpret constitutional provisions. Their decisions determine the interpretation and application of the constitution. The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century, which culminated in the federation of the Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. However, the Constitution has continued to develop since then, with two laws having particularly significant impact on the constitutional status of the nation. In\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8142323\",\n \"text\": \"standard s.79 property adjustment, has 4 steps: The Family Law Act created the Family Court of Australia, with equal status to the Federal Court of Australia, as a court of record and with both original and appellate jurisdiction. Appeals from the Full Court of the Family Court of Australia (the appellate jurisdiction) are to the High Court of Australia. In 2000, in a somewhat controversial move, the Australian government created the Federal Circuit Court of Australia as a second court to handle matters under the Family Law Act. Appeals from the Federal Circuit Court are to the Family Court of\",\n \"title\": \"Family Law Act 1975\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16749132\",\n \"text\": \"Kong Director of Public Prosecutions, Kevin Zervos, was made a High Court judge in 2013. Sir Anthony Mason, Murray Gleeson, James Spigelman, William Gummow are appointed to the Court of Final Appeal as non-permanent justices from other common law jurisdictions. The Australian Consulate-General represents the Australian Government in Hong Kong. Some Australian states havetrade or business offices in Hong Kong, including Queensland and Victoria. In Australia, the Hong Kong SAR is represented through the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office based in Sydney. Australia's commercial interests in Hong Kong are extensive and range from banking, accounting, legal, engineering, information technology\",\n \"title\": \"Australia–Hong Kong relations\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2097001\",\n \"text\": \"seats returned to seven, and since then the court has had a full complement of seven Justices. there have been 52 Justices, twelve of whom have been Chief Justice. Current Justices Susan Kiefel, Virginia Bell and Michelle Gordon are the third, fourth and fifth women to sit on the bench, after Justices Mary Gaudron and Susan Crennan. There are three women sitting concurrently on the bench, alongside four men. In 2017, Justice Kiefel became the first woman to be appointed Chief Justice. More than half of the Justices, twenty-six, have been residents of New South Wales (with twenty-four of these\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5231344\",\n \"text\": \"court hierarchy it is one of eight state and territory Supreme Courts having unlimited jurisdiction in their respective parts of Australia. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest ACT court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia. The Court has the jurisdictional power to hear matters that relate to the Jervis Bay Territory, the Australian Antarctic Territory and the Heard and McDonald Islands Territory, although it has never exercised that power. The court was established on 1 January 1934 by the \\\"Seat of Government Supreme Court Act 1933\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2097003\",\n \"text\": \"campaigner for gay and lesbian rights and was one of the participants in the first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in 1978. Almost all judges on the High Court have taken silk as a Queen's Counsel (QC), King's Counsel (KC) or Senior Counsel (SC) before appointment. The exceptions are: Justice Sir Hayden Starke, Justices Sir Edward McTiernan, Sir William Webb, Sir Cyril Walsh, Michael Kirby, Robert French and James Edelman. From the retirement of Ian Callinan in 2007 until the appointment of Stephen Gageler in 2012, every justice of the High Court had prior judicial experience (serving on state\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025272\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Circuit Court judges, as are decisions of these courts on appeal from a Federal Circuit Court judge. In other circumstances, decisions of a single Federal or Family Court judge are not strictly binding; however, these will usually be followed by sentencing. The Federal Circuit Court of Australia (formerly known as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia) is an Australian court with jurisdiction over matters broadly relating to family law and child support, administrative law, admiralty law, bankruptcy, copyright, human rights, industrial law, migration, privacy and trade practices.There has been a shift recently towards having most cases held in this\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5231343\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory The Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory is the superior court for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It has unlimited jurisdiction within the territory in civil matters (although it usually only hears matters involving more than 250,000), and hears the most serious criminal matters. Criminal trials may be heard before a judge and jury, or by judge alone at the election of the accused. All matters are heard before a single judge, including appellate matters from the Magistrates Court, the Children's Court, and the ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal. In the Australian\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7554525\",\n \"text\": \"also has appellate jurisdiction from the Federal Circuit Court of Australia on all matters, with the exception of family law, where the Family Court of Australia has appellate jurisdiction. The Court also exercises general appellate jurisdiction in criminal and civil matters on appeal from the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island; and exercises appellate jurisdiction in appeals from State Supreme Courts in some federal matters. Other federal courts and tribunals where the Court exercises appellate jurisdiction include the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority and the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. The jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Australia includes the\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6787889\",\n \"text\": \"other things, includes some decisions made by Centrelink, decisions made with regards to military or veteran compensation, and some Freedom of Information decisions. For most other decisions, a standard application fee applies of A$884, however a reduced fee of $100 is available to those eligible for concession or who are experiencing financial hardship. Some of the states and territories of Australia also have tribunals similar to the AAT. They vary in terms of the degree of formality, focus on mediation, procedure and jurisdiction. Victoria established the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal in 1998. The Administrative and Equal Opportunity Division of\",\n \"title\": \"Australian administrative law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5231345\",\n \"text\": \"(Cth)\\\", since amended and now known as the \\\"Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT)\\\". The first judge of the court was Lionel Lukin. The first Chief Judge was Russell Walter Fox, appointed when the office was created in 1977. It was substituted with the office of Chief Justice in 1982 and the first Chief Justice was Richard Blackburn. Pursuant to section 37E of the \\\"Supreme Court Act 1933 (ACT)\\\", the court is known as the Court of Appeal when it exercises its appellate jurisdiction under Part 2A of the Act. The courthouse includes two jury courts and in December 2013 \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2097000\",\n \"text\": \"1912, an amendment to the \\\"Judiciary Act 1903\\\" expanded the bench to seven. For most of 1930 two seats were left vacant due to monetary constraints placed on the court by the Depression. The economic downturn had also led to a reduction in litigation and consequently less work for the court. After Sir Isaac Isaacs retired in 1931, his seat was left empty, and in 1933 an amendment to the \\\"Judiciary Act\\\" officially reduced the number of seats to six. However, this led to some decisions being split three-all. With the appointment of William Webb in 1946, the number of\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096938\",\n \"text\": \"of confidence in Nauru’s ability to determine its own destiny.\\\" Nauruan Justice Minister David Adeang cited the cost of appeals to the High Court as another reason for Nauru to establish its own Court of Appeal as the country's highest court. Under the agreement, the government of either country could end the arrangement with 90 days notice. Nauru unilaterally exercised that option on 12 December 2017 and the High Court's jurisdiction ended on 12 March 2018. However, the termination of the arrangement did not become known until after the Supreme Court had reheard the case of the protesters and again\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6916486\",\n \"text\": \"Chapter III Court In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in Chapter III of the Australian Constitution. The doctrine of separation of powers refers to a system of government whereby three aspects of government powerlegislative power, executive power, and judicial powerare vested in separate institutions. This doctrine holds that abuse of power can be avoided by each arm of government acting as a check on\",\n \"title\": \"Chapter III Court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025262\",\n \"text\": \"courts, in a manner similar to that of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 (United Kingdom). Legal and equitable remedies may be pursued in the one action in the one court. Judges are appointed by the executive government, without intervention by the existing judiciary. Once appointed, judges have tenure and there are restrictions on their removal from office. For example, a federal judge may not be removed from office except by the Governor-General upon an address of both Houses of Parliament for proved misbehavior. Judges in Australia are appointed by the Executive government of the relevant jurisdiction, and most\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"706063\",\n \"text\": \"Justices to date, Elizabeth Evatt AC (1976-1988), Alastair Nicholson (1988-2004), Diana Bryant (2004-2017) and John Pascoe (Formerly Chief Judge Federal Circuit Court of Australia, appointed to current role in 2017). The position of Deputy Chief Justice has been vacant since the retirement of John Faulks on 30 October 2016. The 2008–09 federal budget provided for Family Court expenditure of $137m (including services provided free to the Federal Magistrates' Court). Commonwealth family law is dealt with by the Family Law Act 1975, the Family Law Regulations 1984 and the Marriage Act 1961. In 1986–87, the States agreed that children should be\",\n \"title\": \"Family Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1732836\",\n \"text\": \"ISO 3166-2:AU ISO 3166-2:AU is the entry for Australia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Australia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 6 states and 2 territories. Lesser territories that are under the administration of the commonwealth government, such as the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands, are not listed. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a\",\n \"title\": \"ISO 3166-2:AU\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9936422\",\n \"text\": \"offender. Court of Summary Jurisdiction The Court of Summary Jurisdiction is a court in the Northern Territory of Australia. It has jurisdiction to deal with criminal offences which occur in the territory. It is one of the courts that is usually referred to as a magistrates court. The court was established under the Justices Act (NT) in 1974 and replaced the courts of petty sessions commonly established in Australia since British settlement in 1788 to deal with less serious crime. Those courts followed the English tradition of justices of the peace sitting in and out of sessions in England. The\",\n \"title\": \"Court of Summary Jurisdiction\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12346125\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of Christmas Island The Supreme Court of Christmas Island was the highest court for Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia. The court was originally established in 1958 after sovereignty over the island was transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the island. The court was abolished on 10 May 2002. Judges from Australian courts were appointed to be judges of the court. Those judges would travel to the island to hear, consider and determine cases. In 1992, courts in\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Christmas Island\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8631105\",\n \"text\": \"migration and bankruptcy applications filed in the federal courts. Approximately 90% of the Court's workload is in the area of family law. The Court also deals with nearly 80% of all family law matters filed in the federal courts. It is also intended to replace (in part) the federal jurisdiction with which state courts have been invested under the \\\"Judiciary Act 1903\\\". The court was established on 23 December 1999 by the Australian Government as the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia, as a result of royal assent of the \\\"Federal Magistrates Act 1999 (Cth)\\\". The court is now known as\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177595\",\n \"text\": \"the High Court of Australia was confirmed as the highest court of appeal. The theoretical possibility of the British Parliament enacting laws to override the Australian Constitution was also removed. The Legislature makes the laws, and supervises the activities of the other two arms with a view to changing the laws when appropriate. The Australian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Queen of Australia, a 76-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \\\"quota-preferential voting\\\": see Australian electoral\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197224\",\n \"text\": \"England to the present day, as case law or precedent, by judges, courts, and tribunals. However, after over a century of federation, there is a substantial divergence between English and Australian common law. Unlike the United States Supreme Court, the High Court of Australia, which was established in 1903, has a general appellate jurisdiction over the State Supreme Courts. This ensures there is a single uniform Australian common law. Until 1963, the High Court regarded decisions of the House of Lords binding, and there was substantial uniformity between Australian and English common law. In 1978, the High Court declared that\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"10499488\",\n \"text\": \"is being considered for exclusion: Judges may face the need to weigh the probative value versus the prejudicial impact in nearly any case. A part of this is symbolized by a weighing scale and represents justice. Australian rule of evidence is a mixture of statute and common law. It has a uniform \\\"Evidence Act\\\" (UEA or the 'Act') that consists of Acts of the Commonwealth, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory and Norfolk Island. The rules of evidence work to ensure that criminal trials are conducted in a manner that is fair to both parties in\",\n \"title\": \"Relevance (law)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8631114\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Magistrate. They are: , the judges of the Court were: Federal Circuit Court judges are assisted by Associates and Deputy Associates, many of whom are qualified lawyers. The Court sits permanently in each state capital, although in Perth it only hears general federal law matters as the Family Court of Western Australia has sole jurisdiction over family law in that state. The Court also sits permanently in the major regional centres of Launceston, Cairns, Townsville, Parramatta and Newcastle and regularly circuits to a large number of regional cities to hear family law cases. The Court hears some applications and\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096922\",\n \"text\": \"the Supreme Court of the United States which has a more limited jurisdiction. As such, the court is able to develop the common law consistently across all the states and territories. This role, alongside its role in constitutional interpretation, is one of the court's most significant. As Sir Owen Dixon said on his swearing in as Chief Justice of Australia: \\\"The High Court's jurisdiction is divided in its exercise between constitutional and federal cases which loom so largely in the public eye, and the great body of litigation between man and man, or even man and government, which has nothing\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6787903\",\n \"text\": \"beyond the statute. An example of procedural fairness is that a defendant has a right to respond to a case being made against them. At common law, the traditional remedies are the prerogative writs, referred to as \\\"constitutional writs\\\" in the exercise of federal judicial power, — principally \\\"certiorari\\\", \\\"prohibition\\\", and \\\"mandamus\\\", and the former equitable remedies, declarations and injunctions. Certiorari is granted either on two grounds: error of law on face of the record or jurisdictional error. Certiorari can only be granted if it is \\\"possible to identify a decision which has a discernible or apparent legal effect upon\",\n \"title\": \"Australian administrative law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5213801\",\n \"text\": \"the one court with each judge able to sit on cases in any of the courts. In 2004 the Full Court and the Court of Criminal Appeal were subsumed by the Court of Appeal, which, while still a division of the Supreme Court, has judges which sit solely on appeal cases. The Supreme Court is currently constituted by the following judicial officers (in order of seniority): The Supreme Court building has considerable heritage significance in Western Australia. In 1899, a joint parliamentary committee was formed to decide on the location of the new court building with three sites being considered.\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Western Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096927\",\n \"text\": \"exceptions and subject to such regulations as the Parliament prescribes\\\". Parliament has prescribed a large limitation in section 35A of the \\\"Judiciary Act 1903\\\". This requires \\\"special leave\\\" to appeal. Special leave is granted only where a question of law is raised that is of public importance; or involves a conflict between courts; or \\\"is in the interests of the administration of justice\\\". Therefore, while the High Court is the final court of appeal, it cannot be considered a general court of appeal. The decision as to whether to grant special leave to appeal is determined by one or more\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"706070\",\n \"text\": \"orders providing for the residence of a child. In December 2000, its jurisdiction was extended to encompass ‘residence’. The majority of proceedings under the \\\"Family Law Act\\\" are now filed in the FMC. In general practice, only the more complex and intractable family law cases are transferred from the Federal Magistrates' Court to the Family Court. In 2008, the federal Attorney-General announced a review of the delivery of family law services by the Family Court of Australia and the Federal Magistrates Court. A November 2008 report set out a possible framework of governance options to achieve a more integrated system\",\n \"title\": \"Family Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096995\",\n \"text\": \"first used in relation to the appointment of Justice Wilson, and has been generally successful, despite the occasional criticism that the states merely have a consultative, rather than a determinative, role in the selection process. There are no qualifications for Justices in the Constitution (other than that they must be under the compulsory retirement age of 70). The High Court of Australia Act 1979 requires that appointees have been a judge of a federal, state or territory court, or that they have been enrolled as a legal practitioner for at least five years with either the High Court itself or\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5213799\",\n \"text\": \"other bodies such as the State Administrative Tribunal. The General Division sits in the David Malcolm Justice Centre for civil proceedings and the District Court of WA Building and the original Supreme Court Building for criminal proceedings. The Court of Appeal hears both civil and criminal appeals from cases in the General Division, the District Court and the State Administrative Tribunal. It sits in the original Supreme Court Building. When required, Supreme Court judges may also constitute the Industrial Appeal Court and sit as a Court of Disputed Returns. The current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Peter Quinlan\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Western Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6916487\",\n \"text\": \"another. In Australia, this separation is implied in the structure of the Constitution. Chapter I outlines legislative powerthe making, altering or repealing of laws; Chapter II outlines executive powerthe general and detailed carrying on of governmental functions; Chapter III outlines judicial powerthe interpretation of law, and adjudication according to law. Federal courts must have those features contained in Chapter III of the Constitution of Australia. These features serve two purposes: firstly, they prescribe the features of any court created by the federal government; and secondly, they serve as criteria when deciding whether a body qualifies as a Chapter III Court.\",\n \"title\": \"Chapter III Court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1732839\",\n \"text\": \"with alpha-2 code . ISO 3166-2:AU ISO 3166-2:AU is the entry for Australia in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Australia, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 6 states and 2 territories. Lesser territories that are under the administration of the commonwealth government, such as the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands, are not listed. Each code consists of two\",\n \"title\": \"ISO 3166-2:AU\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6677602\",\n \"text\": \"to deal with most civil disputes governed by federal law (with the exception of family law matters), along with some summary (less serious) criminal matters. Cases are heard at first instance by single Judges. The Court includes an appeal division referred to as the Full Court comprising three Judges, the only avenue of appeal from which lies to the High Court of Australia. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Federal Court occupies a position equivalent to the Supreme Courts of each of the states and territories. In relation to the other Courts in the federal stream, it is equal to\",\n \"title\": \"Australian Intelligence Community\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12360679\",\n \"text\": \"number of judges mediating disputes to determine outcome. Most countries have systems of appeal courts, answering up to a supreme legal authority. In the United States, this authority is the Supreme Court; in Australia, the High Court; in the UK, the Supreme Court; in Germany, the \\\"Bundesverfassungsgericht\\\"; and in France, the \\\"Cour de Cassation\\\". For most European countries the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg can overrule national law, when EU law is relevant. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg allows citizens of the Council of Europe member states to bring cases relating to human rights issues before\",\n \"title\": \"Law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5025261\",\n \"text\": \"and contempt powers. But unlike their Supreme Court counterparts, their subject matter jurisdiction must be granted by statute. Under the doctrine of \\\"accrued jurisdiction\\\", the Federal Court can, however, rule on issues outside its explicit jurisdiction, provided that they are part of a larger matter that the court does have jurisdiction over. The High Court has limited trial powers, but very rarely exercises them. It has ample power to transfer cases started there to another, more appropriate court, so that the High Court can conserve its energies for its appellate functions. Common law and equity are administered by the same\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2096936\",\n \"text\": \"the first 40 years of its operation. In 2017, however, this jumped to 13 appeals, most relating to asylum seekers. Some legal commentators (including the Australian Law Reform Commission) have argued that this appellate jurisdiction sits awkwardly with the High Court's other responsibilities and should be renegotiated or repealed. Problems identified including the need to apply Nauruan law and customary practice and that the High Court need not grant leave for an appeal to be heard. Matthew Batsiua, a former Justice Minister of Nauru, has suggested that the Nauruan government was unhappy with the arrangement following an October 2017 decision\",\n \"title\": \"High Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3957607\",\n \"text\": \"traditional notions of what constitutes judicial process. The result may be a limited constitutional guarantee of due process. The judicial power of the Commonwealth is vested, in Chapter III of the Constitution, in the High Court and such other courts as the Parliament creates or invests with Federal jurisdiction. In Australian constitutional jargon, such courts are called \\\"Chapter III courts\\\". The members of Chapter III courts may not be removed except by the Governor-General on an address from both Houses of Parliament on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity; they otherwise hold office until the age of 70. In\",\n \"title\": \"Australian constitutional law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12515940\",\n \"text\": \"Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands The Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is the \\\"de jure\\\" superior court for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian external territory. The court was originally established in 1958 after the British Government transferred sovereignty for the islands from Singapore to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the Island. Judges from Australian courts were appointed to be judges of the court. Those judges would travel to the island to hear, consider and determine cases. In 1992 courts in Western\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7671890\",\n \"text\": \"in some jurisdictions is not named the \\\"Supreme Court\\\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \\\"Supreme Court\\\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales and Supreme Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland, which are all subordinate to higher courts of appeal. The idea of a supreme court\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8631110\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Bankruptcy Act 1966\\\", except those requiring jury trials. The vast majority of bankruptcy court cases in Australia are heard by The Federal Circuit Court (92% in 2004-5). The Court has civil jurisdiction with respect to claims under the following provisions of the \\\"Competition and Consumer Act 2010\\\" (formerly known as the \\\"Trade Practices Act 1974\\\"): The Court can provide injunctive relief and award damages of up to $750 000. The Court also has civil jurisdiction with respect to claims under the \\\"National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009\\\". There is provision in certain proceedings for a litigant to elect that\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3998907\",\n \"text\": \"Law enforcement in Australia Law enforcement in Australia is one of the three major components of the country's justice system, along with courts and corrections. There are law enforcement officers employed by all three levels of government – federal, state / territory, and local. Federally, the main law enforcement agency is the Australian Federal Police (AFP), which has a wide mandate to enforce Australian criminal law and protect its national interests. There are also a number of other agencies that have powers confined to specific areas, such as national security (ASIO), customs and immigration (ABF), and white-collar crime (ATO, ACCC,\",\n \"title\": \"Law enforcement in Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8179629\",\n \"text\": \"of the Industrial Relations Court, the Environment, Resources and Development Court, the Licensing Court and the Youth Court, as well as Masters of the Supreme Court, also formally hold office as District Court Judges. They are not listed on this page (except where they have also served as a District Court Judge). The work of the Court is divided into four areas: civil, criminal, administrative and disciplinary, and criminal injuries. The District Court can hear most civil and criminal matters except for offences related to murder and treason. It also has jurisdiction over criminal injuries compensation claims. In the administrative\",\n \"title\": \"District Court of South Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4009758\",\n \"text\": \"the Supreme Court does for the federal government. These appellate courts do not normally conduct trials or hear witnesses. These courts are Canada's equivalent of the Court of Appeal in England and the various State Supreme Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals in the United States. Each of the above-listed appellate courts is the highest court from its respective province or territory. Each province's chief justice sits in the appellate court of that province. These courts (as listed below by province and territory in alphabetical order) exist at the provincial and territorial levels. The superior courts are the courts of\",\n \"title\": \"Court system of Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5411889\",\n \"text\": \"the States are equally represented notwithstanding great disparities in population (s. 7); the division of senators into different cohorts on alternating electoral cycles (s. 13); the establishment of a supreme court empowered to declare actions of either level of government unconstitutional, the High Court of Australia (s. 71); and a complex two-step amending procedure (s. 128). Since federation, the balance of power between levels of government has shifted substantially from the founders' vision. The shift has transferred power from State governments to the Commonwealth government. While voters have generally rejected proposals to enhance the Commonwealth's authority through constitutional amendment, the\",\n \"title\": \"Federalism in Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12346132\",\n \"text\": \"This all led to the unsatisfactory situation of prosecuting Australians under Singaporean law. Since 1992, courts in Western Australia have undertaken the work of the court under a service delivery arrangement with the Commonwealth Government. This was introduced at the same time as the introduction of Western Australian law to the island. The Western Australian Magistrates Court, District Court, Supreme Court, Family Court, Children's Court and Coroner's Court all provide services to the island as required. As a result, a separate superior court in the territory was no longer necessary. A proclamation issued by the Governor-General formally abolished the Court\",\n \"title\": \"Supreme Court of Christmas Island\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"901177\",\n \"text\": \"for years in the register, the debt must be settled within thirty days after the date the County Court judgment was served (unless the judgment was later set aside). If the debt was not fully paid within the statutory period, the entry will remain for six full years. County court is the name given to the intermediate court in one Australian state, namely the County Court of Victoria (in other states and territories it is called the 'District Court'). They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences except for treason, murder, and manslaughter. Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically over civil\",\n \"title\": \"County court\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4177587\",\n \"text\": \"the Queen of Australia who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, with executive powers delegated by constitutional convention to the Australian head of government, the Prime Minister of Australia. The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into the executive branch, composed of the Federal Executive Council presided by the Governor-General, which delegates powers to the Cabinet of Australia led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch composed of the Parliament of Australia's House of Representatives and Senate, and the judicial branch composed of the High Court of Australia and federal courts. Separation of powers is implied by\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9699515\",\n \"text\": \"Australian Soil Classification The Australian Soil Classification is the classification system currently used to describe and classify soils in Australia. It is a general-purpose, hierarchical classification system, and consists of five categorical levels from the most general to the most specific: \\\"order\\\", \\\"suborder\\\", \\\"great group\\\", \\\"subgroup\\\", and \\\"family\\\". An interactive, online key is available. The Australian Soil Classification supersedes other classification systems previously developed for Australian soils, including the Factual Key (1960) and the Handbook of Australian Soils (1968). At the top, most general, level of the Australian Soil Classification, there are fourteen soil orders. They are: \\\"Anthroposols\\\", \\\"Organosols\\\", \\\"Podosols\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Australian Soil Classification\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8631113\",\n \"text\": \"and Indigenous Affairs, the Refugee Review Tribunal and the Migration Review Tribunal. The Court does not have jurisdiction to undertake a merits review of these types of decisions. Enforcing determinations of the Privacy Commissioner and private sector adjudicators under the \\\"Privacy Act 1988\\\". In 2006 the Court was embroiled in controversy when it was revealed that Magistrate Jennifer Rimmer had plagiarised the work of her colleagues when writing decisions. The Court has a Chief Judge (known as the Chief Federal Magistrate when the Court was called the Federal Magistrates Court). Only three people have served as Chief Judge or Chief\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Circuit Court of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12248662\",\n \"text\": \"the circumstances in which an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council. Section 79 allows Parliament to prescribe the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth. Chapter IV deals with finance and trade in the federal system. Section 81 prescribes that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Parliament can make laws as to the appropriations of money (Section 53). Unlike most other powers of the parliament, laws made under the appropriations power are not ordinarily susceptible to effective legal challenge. Section\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16742714\",\n \"text\": \"South Wales commenced operation of a Youth Drug and Alcohol Court, which functions under the control of the Children's Court. It aims to provide an integrated case management approach to prevent re-offending and includes treatment and assistance with health and education needs. Established pursuant to the as a pilot project, five drug courts have been established in Queensland. The Act and regulations limit the number of people who can enter the system from each court each year. In August 2005, it was announced that the drug courts would be made permanent. To be eligible, defendants must be adults, dependent on\",\n \"title\": \"Drug courts in Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5197219\",\n \"text\": \"certain indirect protections have been recognised by implication or as a consequence of other constitutional principles. For example, there is an implied guarantee of freedom of political communication. Additionally, rights are protected indirectly through the separation of powers, which requires courts to be sufficiently independent and impartial from the other branches of government. Human rights in Australia are generally protected through statutes and the common law. If the government agrees that the changes are worthwhile, a Bill is drafted, usually by Parliamentary Counsel. The Bill is read and debated in both houses of parliament before it is either rejected, changed,\",\n \"title\": \"Law of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5538495\",\n \"text\": \"tribunals can be appealed against in the District Court. The court is low in the Australian court hierarchy. The current Chief Judge of the District Court is Kevin Frederick Sleight, who has held the position since April 2015. District Court of Western Australia The District Court of Western Australia is the intermediate court in Western Australia. The Perth Registry is located at 500 Hay Street, Perth. Other registries are located at Albany, Broome, Bunbury, Busselton, Carnarvon, Derby, Esperance, Geraldton, Kalgoorlie, Karratha, Kununurra, and South Hedland. In the Criminal jurisdiction it hears serious, indictable criminal offences for which the maximum penalty\",\n \"title\": \"District Court of Western Australia\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what are the different levels of court in australia"}}},{"rowIdx":298,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Serratus anterior","rhomboid major","levator scapulae","rhomboid minor"],"string":"[\n \"Serratus anterior\",\n \"rhomboid major\",\n \"levator scapulae\",\n \"rhomboid minor\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"1678676","text":"the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and spine of the scapula. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint. The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles. These attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. The","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678675","text":"derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin \"(h)umerus\". The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678683","text":"somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the levator scapulae muscle. The inferior angle of the scapula is the lowest part of the scapula and is covered by the latissimus dorsi muscle. It moves forwards round the chest when the arm is abducted. The inferior angle is formed by the union of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula. It is thick and rough and its posterior or back surface affords attachment to the teres major and often to a few fibers of the latissimus dorsi. The anatomical plane that passes vertically through the inferior angle","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"8722636","text":"Spine of scapula The spine of the scapula or scapular spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. It begins at the vertical [vertebral or medial border] border by a smooth, triangular area over which the tendon of insertion of the lower part of the Trapezius glides, and, gradually becoming more elevated, ends in the acromion, which overhangs the shoulder-joint. The spine is triangular, and flattened from above downward, its apex being directed toward the vertebral border. The \"root of","title":"Spine of scapula"},{"id":"1678706","text":"the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the glenoid. The scapula serves as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles. Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"12539845","text":"role in shoulder impingement syndrome. It is a wide, flat bone lying on the posterior thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three different groups of muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff- the subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, along with humeral abduction. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula,","title":"Impingement syndrome"},{"id":"2070381","text":"the acromion, and the spine of the scapula, and travelling to insert on the deltoid tubercle of the humerus. Contraction of each part of the deltoid assists in different movements of the shoulder - flexion (clavicular part), abduction (middle part) and extension (scapular part). The teres major attaches to the outer part of the back of the scapula, beneath the teres minor, and attaches to the upper part of the humerus. It helps with medial rotation of the humerus. Muscles from the front Muscles from the chest wall that contribute to the shoulder are: Muscles from the back The armpit","title":"Shoulder"},{"id":"8722638","text":"of the acromion, below with the neck of the scapula. It forms the medial boundary of the great scapular notch, which serves to connect the supra- and infraspinatous fossae. Spine of scapula The spine of the scapula or scapular spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. It begins at the vertical [vertebral or medial border] border by a smooth, triangular area over which the tendon of insertion of the lower part of the Trapezius glides, and, gradually becoming more","title":"Spine of scapula"},{"id":"5540230","text":"Serratus anterior muscle The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. The serratus anterior acts to pull the scapula forward around the thorax. The muscle is named from Latin: \"serrare\" = to saw, referring to the shape, \"anterior\" = on the front side of the body. Serratus anterior normally originates by nine or ten slips (muscle branches) from either the first to ninth ribs or the first to eighth ribs. Because","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"8722637","text":"the spine\" of the scapula is the most medial part of the scapular spine. The root of the spine is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra. It presents two surfaces and three borders. Of the three borders, the anterior is attached to the dorsal surface of the bone; the posterior, or crest of the spine, is broad, and presents two lips and an intervening rough interval. The \"lateral border\", or base, the shortest of the three, is slightly concave; its edge, thick and round, is continuous above with the under surface","title":"Spine of scapula"},{"id":"5540231","text":"two slips usually arise from the second rib, the number of slips is greater than the number of ribs from which they originate. The muscle is inserted along the medial border of the scapula between the superior and inferior angles along with being inserted along the thoracic vertebrae. The muscle is divided into three named parts depending on their points of insertions: The serratus anterior lies deep to the subscapularis, from which it is separated by the subscapularis (supraserratus) bursa. It is separated from the rib by the scapulothoracic (infraserratus) bursa. The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"1678682","text":"part. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first laterally, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid cavity. There are 3 angles: The superior angle of the scapula or medial angle, is covered by the trapezius muscle. This angle is formed by the junction of the superior and medial borders of the scapula. The superior angle is located at the approximate level of the second thoracic vertebra. The superior angle of the scapula is thin, smooth, rounded, and inclined","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678680","text":"that below it the infraspinous fossa. The two fossae are connected by the spinoglenoid notch, situated lateral to the root of the spine. There is a ridge on the outer part of the back of the scapula. This runs from the lower part of the glenoid cavity, downward and backward to the vertebral border, about 2.5 cm above the inferior angle. Attached to the ridge is a fibrous septum, which separates the infraspinatus muscle from the Teres major and Teres minor muscles. The upper two-thirds of the surface between the ridge and the axillary border is narrow, and is crossed","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678678","text":"the subscapular fossa, to which the subscapularis muscle attaches. The medial two-thirds of the fossa have 3 longitudinal oblique ridges, and another thick ridge adjoins the lateral border; they run outward and upward. The ridges give attachment to the tendinous insertions, and the surfaces between them to the fleshy fibers, of the subscapularis muscle. The lateral third of the fossa is smooth and covered by the fibers of this muscle. At the upper part of the fossa is a transverse depression, where the bone appears to be bent on itself along a line at right angles to and passing through","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"5699140","text":"Infraspinatus muscle In human anatomy, the infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. As one of the four muscles of the rotator cuff, the main function of the infraspinatus is to externally rotate the humerus and stabilize the shoulder joint. It attaches medially to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and laterally to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The muscle arises by fleshy fibers from the medial two-thirds of the infraspinatous fossa, and by tendinous fibers from the ridges on its surface; it also arises from","title":"Infraspinatus muscle"},{"id":"12539846","text":"and spine of the scapula. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint. The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles and attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. Each of these muscles has their own role in shoulder function and must be in balance with each other in order to avoid shoulder pathology. Abnormal scapular function is called scapular dyskinesis. One action the scapula performs during a throwing or serving motion is elevation of the","title":"Impingement syndrome"},{"id":"5540237","text":"against the reaction forces of the free limb and exerts high bending forces on the ribs. To sustain these forces, the ribs have a pronounced curvature and are supported by the clavicle. In cursorial animals, the thorax is hanging between the scapulae at the serratus anterior and pectoralis muscles. Serratus anterior muscle The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. The serratus anterior acts to pull the scapula forward around the","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"3339065","text":"Rhomboid major muscle The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. In human anatomy, it acts together with the rhomboid minor to keep the scapula pressed against thoracic wall and to retract the scapula toward the vertebral column. The rhomboid major arises from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2 to T5 as well as the supraspinous ligament. It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle. The rhomboid major is considered a","title":"Rhomboid major muscle"},{"id":"1678692","text":"this first part of an overhead motion are the serratus anterior and the lower trapezius. These two muscles act as a force couple within the glenohumeral joint to properly elevate the acromion process, and if a muscle imbalance exists, shoulder impingement may develop. The name \"scapula\" as synonym of \"shoulder blade\" is of Latin origin. It is commonly used in medical English and is part of the current official Latin nomenclature, \"Terminologia Anatomica\". In classical Latin \"scapula\" is only used in its plural \"scapulae\". Although some sources mention that \"scapulae\" is used to refer during Roman antiquity to the \"shoulders\"","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"3339067","text":"onto the ribcage. Other muscles that perform this function include the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor. Both rhomboids (major and minor) also act to retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column. The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the scapulae) are the serratus anterior and lower fibers of the trapezius. If the lower fibers are inactive, the serratus anterior and upper trapezius work in tandem with rhomboids and levators to elevate","title":"Rhomboid major muscle"},{"id":"1570358","text":"conoid tubercle (above the coracoid process). These surface features are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments of the shoulder. It can be divided into three parts: medial end, lateral end and shaft. The medial end is quadrangular and articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint. The articular surface extends to the inferior aspect for attachment with the first costal cartilage. It gives attachments to: The lateral end is flat from above downward. It bears a facet for attachment to the acromion process of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint. The area","title":"Clavicle"},{"id":"1678677","text":"head, processes, and the thickened parts of the bone contain cancellous tissue; the rest consists of a thin layer of compact tissue. The central part of the supraspinatus fossa and the upper part of the infraspinatous fossa, but especially the former, are usually so thin in humans as to be semitransparent; occasionally the bone is found wanting in this situation, and the adjacent muscles are separated only by fibrous tissue. The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes. The front of the scapula (also known as the costal or ventral surface) has a broad concavity called","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678679","text":"the center of the glenoid cavity, forming a considerable angle, called the subscapular angle; this gives greater strength to the body of the bone by its arched form, while the summit of the arch serves to support the spine and acromion. The costal surface superior of the scapula is the origin of 1st digitation for the serratus anterior origin. The back of the scapula (also called the dorsal or posterior surface) is arched from above downward, and is subdivided into two unequal parts by the spine of the scapula. The portion above the spine is called the supraspinous fossa, and","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"3327108","text":"Levator scapulae muscle The levator scapulae is a skeletal muscle situated at the back and side of the neck. As the Latin name suggests, its main function is to lift the scapula. The levator scapulae originates from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of cervical vertebrae one to four. The muscle is inserted into medial border of the scapula extending from superior angle to junction of spine and medial border of scapula. The levator scapulae may lie deep to the S at its origin, deep or adjacent to the splenius capitis at its origin and mid-portion, and deep to","title":"Levator scapulae muscle"},{"id":"4616290","text":"thin layer of tissue over the pectoralis major, extending toward the latissimus dorsi muscle on the back. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, the subclavius muscle forms the axilla or armpit. The subclavius moves the shoulder downward and forward. Serratus anterior is another muscle on the front of the chest. It moves the scapula forward around the torso, as when throwing a punch. Between the ribs are various groups of intercostal muscles, which help with breathing. Pectoral muscles Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as \"pecs\") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the","title":"Pectoral muscles"},{"id":"1678685","text":"At its apex is a slight elevation, the supraglenoid tuberosity, to which the long head of the biceps brachii is attached. The neck of the scapula is the slightly constricted portion which surrounds the head and is more distinct below and behind than above and in front. There are three borders of the scapula: The scapula is ossified from 7 or more centers: one for the body, two for the coracoid process, two for the acromion, one for the vertebral border, and one for the inferior angle. Ossification of the body begins about the second month of fetal life, by","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"6588832","text":"tibia. It acts to rotate the leg medially. It is innervated by the tibial nerve. \"Bones and their significant points for muscle attachment:\" Scapula: Spine of the Scapula, Supraglenoid Tubercle, Glenoid Cavity, Acromion Process, Supraspinous Fossa, Infraspinous Fossa, Neck, Coracoid, Process, Subscapular Fossa Humerus: Head of Humerus, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Intertubercular Groove, Deltopectoral Crest, Deltoid Tuberosity, Body of the Humerus, Epicondyles (Medial and Lateral), Humeral condyle (Trochlea and Capitulum, Radial and Olecranon Fossae) Ulna and Radius: Olecranon Process, Trochlear Notch, Anconeal Process, Coronoid Processes (Medial and Lateral), Body of Ulna, Head of Radius, Body of Radius, Distal Trochlea, Styiloid","title":"Dog anatomy"},{"id":"1678674","text":"Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones the scapulae are paired, with the scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from early Roman times when it was thought that the bone resembled a trowel or small shovel. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in Latin medical terminology. The prefix is","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"5540234","text":"the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch. The serratus anterior also plays an important role in the upward rotation of the scapula, such as when lifting a weight overhead. It performs this in sync with the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius. The muscles of the shoulder can be categorized into three topographic units: the scapulohumeral, axiohumeral, and axioscapular groups. Serratus anterior forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"6356089","text":"major muscle originates on the dorsal surface of the inferior angle and the lower part of the lateral border of the scapula. The fibers of teres major insert into the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. It is supplied primarily by the lower subscapular nerve and additionally by the thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve). These are distal to the upper subscapular nerve. These three nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The nerves that innervate teres major consist of fibers from spinal nerves C5-C8. The tendon, at its insertion, lies behind that of the","title":"Teres major muscle"},{"id":"3339071","text":"Rhomboid minor muscle In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. Located inferior to levator scapulae and superior to rhomboid major, it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall. It lies deep to trapezius but superficial to the long spinal muscles. The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, and from the intervening supraspinous ligaments. It is inserted into a","title":"Rhomboid minor muscle"},{"id":"6889322","text":"is the anatomical mechanism that allows for all upper arm and shoulder movement in humans. The shoulder girdle consists of five muscles that attach to the clavicle and scapula and allow for the motion of the sternoclavicular joint (connection between sternum and clavicle) and acromioclavicular joint (connection between clavicle and scapula). The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. The shoulder girdle is a complex of five joints that can be divided into two","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"3339161","text":"Pectoralis minor The pectoralis minor () is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the pectoralis major in the human body. It arises from the upper margins and outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, near their cartilages and from the aponeuroses covering the intercostalis. The fibers pass superior and lateral and converge to form a flat tendon, which is inserted into the medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. The pectoralis minor muscle is covered anteriorly (superficially) by the clavipectoral fascia. The Medial pectoral nerve pierces","title":"Pectoralis minor"},{"id":"4616289","text":"Pectoral muscles Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as \"pecs\") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies under the breast. It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm. Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder. The pectoral fascia is a","title":"Pectoral muscles"},{"id":"3339070","text":"the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual muscles from the basal unit formed by the serratus anterior. In primitive life forms, the main function of the axioscapular group is to control the movements of the vertebral border of the scapula: fibers concerned with the dorsal movement of scapula evolved into the rhomboids, those with ventral motion into serratus anterior, and those with cranial movements into levator scapulae. Rhomboid major muscle The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column.","title":"Rhomboid major muscle"},{"id":"1678681","text":"near its center by a groove for the scapular circumflex vessels; the Teres minor attaches here. The broad and narrow portions above alluded to are separated by an oblique line, which runs from the axillary border, downward and backward, to meet the elevated ridge: to it is attached a fibrous septum which separates the Teres muscles from each other. Its lower third presents a broader, somewhat triangular surface, the inferior angle of the scapula, which gives origin to the Teres major, and over which the Latissimus dorsi glides; frequently the latter muscle takes origin by a few fibers from this","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"5699142","text":"is sometimes separated from the capsule of the shoulder-joint by a bursa, which may communicate with the joint cavity. The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. These muscles function to abduct and laterally rotate the arm, respectively. The infraspinatus is frequently fused with the teres minor. The infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder. When the arm is fixed, it abducts the inferior angle of the scapula. Its synergists are teres minor and the deltoid. The infraspinatus and teres minor rotate the head of the humerus outward (external, or lateral, rotation); they also assist in carrying","title":"Infraspinatus muscle"},{"id":"3339072","text":"small area of the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine. Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as an antagonist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the levator scapulae muscle to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula. The nerve supply comes from the dorsal scapular nerve, with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root","title":"Rhomboid minor muscle"},{"id":"6356076","text":"Subscapularis muscle The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. It arises from its medial two-thirds and from the lower two-thirds of the groove on the axillary border (subscapular fossa) of the scapula. Some fibers arise from tendinous laminae, which intersect the muscle and are attached to ridges on the bone; others from an aponeurosis, which separates the muscle from the teres major and the long head of the triceps brachii. The fibers pass laterally and coalesce into","title":"Subscapularis muscle"},{"id":"1678684","text":"is named the scapular line. The lateral angle of the scapula or glenoid angle also known as the head of the scapula is the thickest part of the scapula. It is broad and bears the glenoid cavity on its articular surface which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards, and articulates with the head of the humerus. The inferior angle is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. The surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a fibrocartilaginous structure, the glenoidal labrum, which deepens the cavity.","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"9414207","text":"(FSH), none of the individuals complained of pain. Fatigue, however, was a common characteristic and all had noted that there were limitations in their activities of daily life. In most cases of winged scapula, damage to the serratus anterior muscle causes the deformation of the back. The serratus anterior muscle attaches to the medial anterior aspect of the scapula (i.e. it attaches on the side closest to the spine and runs along the side of the scapula that faces the ribcage) and normally anchors the scapula against the rib cage. When the serratus anterior contracts, upward rotation, abduction, and weak","title":"Winged scapula"},{"id":"6588817","text":"glenoid tubercle on the scapula and inserts on the teres minor tuberosity of the humerus. It acts to flex the shoulder and rotate the arm laterally. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Supraspinatus: originates on the supraspinous fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to extend and stabilize the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. \"Medial muscles of the scapula and shoulder:\" Subscapularis: originates on the subscapular fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to rotate the arm medially and stabilize the joint. It is innervated","title":"Dog anatomy"},{"id":"3327114","text":"levator scapulae — by concentration of the proximal and distal fibers and progressive reduction of the intermediate fibers. The fibers concerned with the cranial displacement of the scapula became the levator scapulae. Levator scapulae muscle The levator scapulae is a skeletal muscle situated at the back and side of the neck. As the Latin name suggests, its main function is to lift the scapula. The levator scapulae originates from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of cervical vertebrae one to four. The muscle is inserted into medial border of the scapula extending from superior angle to junction of spine","title":"Levator scapulae muscle"},{"id":"3339073","text":"and only minor contribution from C4 or C6. The rhomboid minor gets its arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery. It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united. Rhomboid minor muscle In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. Located inferior to levator scapulae and superior to rhomboid major, it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall. It lies deep","title":"Rhomboid minor muscle"},{"id":"6889325","text":"joint. The acromion of the scapula rotates on the acromial end of the clavicle. The sternoclavicular joint is the articulation of the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage with the medial end of the clavicle. It is a saddle type of synovial joint but functions as a plane joint. The sternoclavicular joint accommodates a wide range of scapula movements and can be raised to a 60° angle. The scapulocostal joint (also known as the scapulothoracic joint) is a physiological joint formed by an articulation of the anterior scapula and the posterior thoracic rib cage. It is musculotendinous","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"5540235","text":"from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual muscles from the basal unit formed by the serratus anterior. In primitive life forms, the main function of the axioscapular group is to control the movements of the vertebral border of the scapula: fibers concerned with the dorsal movement of scapula evolved into the rhomboids, those with ventral motion into serratus anterior, and those with cranial movements into levator scapulae. The evolution of the serratus anterior itself has resulted in (1) grouping","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"8232254","text":"Conoid ligament The conoid ligament is the posterior and medial fasciculus of the coracoclavicular ligament. It is formed by a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. It is attached by its apex to a rough impression at the base of the coracoid process on the scapula, medial to the trapezoid ligament; above, by its expanded base, to the conoid tubercle on the under surface of the clavicle, and to a line proceeding medialward from it for 1.25 cm. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid muscles; behind, with the","title":"Conoid ligament"},{"id":"4314535","text":"Triceps The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for \"three-headed muscle of the arm\"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm). The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It extends distally anterior to the teres minor and posterior to the teres major. The medial head arises proximally from the groove of the radial nerve; from the dorsal (back) surface of the humerus; from the medial intermuscular septum; and its distal part also arises from","title":"Triceps"},{"id":"5637396","text":"Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \"supraspinati\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of","title":"Supraspinatus muscle"},{"id":"6588816","text":"vertebrae and inserts on the scapula. Its function is to support the trunk and depress the scapula. It is innervated by the ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves. \"Intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb:\" Deltoideus: originates on the acromial process of the scapula and inserts on the deltoid tuberosity. It acts to flex the shoulder. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Infraspinatus: originates on the infraspinatus fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to extend and flex the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. Teres minor: originates on the infra","title":"Dog anatomy"},{"id":"2070377","text":"arm to have tremendous mobility, at the expense of being much easier to dislocate than most other joints in the body. There is an approximately 4-to-1 disproportion in size between the large head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity.The glenoid cavity is made deeper by the addition of the fibrocartilaginous ring of the glenoid labrum. The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. This capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament which attaches the","title":"Shoulder"},{"id":"5540233","text":"act together, they keep the scapula pressed against the thorax \"together\" with the rhomboids and therefore these parts also act as synergists to the rhomboids. The inferior part can pull the lower end of the scapula laterally and forward and thus rotates the scapula to make elevation of the arm possible. Additionally, all three parts can lift the ribs when the shoulder girdle is fixed, and thus assist in respiration. The serratus anterior is occasionally called the \"big swing muscle\" or \"boxer's muscle\" because it is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula — that is, the pulling of","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"6889320","text":"Shoulder girdle The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid. Some mammalian species (such as the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. The pectoral girdles are to the upper limbs as the pelvic girdle is to the lower limbs; the girdles are the parts of the appendicular skeleton that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton. In","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"3327111","text":"passes laterally to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula, and in a third of cases, this branch supplies the muscle. If the dorsal scapular artery comes off the transverse cervical artery, the parent transverse cervical artery splits, the dorsal scapular artery passes medially, while the transverse cervical artery passes laterally. When the spine is fixed, levator scapulae elevates the scapula and rotates its inferior angle medially. It often works in combination with other muscles like the rhomboids and pectoralis minor to rotate down. Elevating or rotating one shoulder at a time would require muscles to stabilize the cervical spine and","title":"Levator scapulae muscle"},{"id":"1749283","text":"then it pulls the cork out (flexion). The biceps is one of three muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm, along with the brachialis muscle and the coracobrachialis muscle, with which the biceps shares a nerve supply. The biceps muscle has two heads, the short head and the long head, distinguished according to their origin at the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, respectively. From its origin on the glenoid, the long head remains tendinous as it passes through the shoulder joint and through the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Extending from its origin on the","title":"Biceps"},{"id":"6889327","text":"the scapula. This space is filled mostly by the subacromial bursa and the tendon of supraspinatus. This joint plays a role during complex movements while the arm is fully flexed at the glenohumeral joint, such as changing a lightbulb, or painting a ceiling. From its neutral position, the shoulder girdle can be rotated about an imaginary vertical axis at the medial end of the clavicle (the sternoclavicular joint). Throughout this movement the scapula is rotated around the chest wall so that it moves laterally and the glenoid cavity is rotated 40–45° in the horizontal plane. When the scapula is moved","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"4609111","text":"humans. Its origin is the xiphoid process of the sternum. The insertion is the humerus. In the cat there are three thin flat muscles that cover the back, and to a lesser extent, the neck. They pull the scapula toward the mid-dorsal line, anteriorly, and posteriorly. The most anterior of the trapezius muscles, it is also the largest. Its fibers run obliquely to the ventral surface. Its origin is the superior nuchal line and median dorsal line and its insertion is the clavicle. Its action is to draw the clavicle dorsally and towards the head. Acromiotrapezius is the middle trapezius","title":"Cat anatomy"},{"id":"5540236","text":"of its distal and proximal fibers, (2) size reduction of its intermediate fibers, and (3) the insertion of its dominant superior and inferior parts onto the superior and inferior angles of the scapula. In primates, the thoracic cage is wide and the scapula is rotated onto its posterior side to have the glenoid cavity face laterally. Additionally, the clavicle takes care of medial forces. In cursorial mammals (for example the horse and other quadrupeds), the scapula is hanging vertically on the side of the thorax and the clavicle is absent. Therefore, in climbing animals, the serratus anterior supports the scapula","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"9434588","text":"humerus (upper arm bone) is located. The acrocoracoid process is an expansion adjacent to this contact surface, to which the shoulderward end of the biceps brachii muscle attaches in these animals. In birds (and generally theropods and related animals), the entire unit is rigid and called scapulocoracoid. This plays a major role in bird flight. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. In fish it provides the base for the pectoral fin. Monotremes, as well as the extinct therapsids, possess both the","title":"Coracoid"},{"id":"4285625","text":"arises from the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula for the upper two-thirds of its extent, and from two aponeurotic laminae, one of which separates it from the infraspinatus muscle, the other from the teres major muscle. Its fibers run obliquely upwards and laterally; the upper ones end in a tendon which is inserted into the lowest of the three impressions on the greater tubercle of the humerus; the lowest fibers are inserted directly into the humerus immediately below this impression. The teres minor originates at the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the scapula. It","title":"Teres minor muscle"},{"id":"6356088","text":"Teres major muscle The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb. It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. The teres major muscle (from Latin \"teres\", meaning \"rounded\") is positioned above the latissimus dorsi muscle and assists in the extension and medial rotation of the humerus. This muscle is commonly confused as a rotator cuff muscle, but it is not because it does not attach to the capsule of the shoulder joint, unlike the teres minor muscle for example. The teres","title":"Teres major muscle"},{"id":"1754252","text":"deltoid tuberosity of the humerus and has several actions including abduction, extension, and circumduction of the shoulder. The supraspinatus also originates on the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and assists in abduction of the shoulder. The pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi insert at the \"intertubercular groove\" of the humerus. They work to adduct and medially, or internally, rotate the humerus. The infraspinatus and teres minor insert on the greater tubercle, and work to laterally, or externally, rotate the humerus. In contrast, the subscapularis muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle and","title":"Humerus"},{"id":"6889326","text":"in nature and is formed predominantly by the trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior muscles. The pectoralis minor also plays a role in its movements. The gliding movements at the scapulocostal joint are elevation, depression, retraction, protraction and superior and inferior rotation of the scapula. Disorders of the scapulocostal joint are not very common and usually restricted to snapping scapula. The suprahumeral joint (also known as the subacromial joint) is a physiological joint formed by an articulation of the coracoacromial ligament and the head of the humerus. It is formed by the gap between the humerus and the acromion process of","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"6356099","text":"Coracobrachialis muscle The coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and the short head of the biceps brachii.) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It arises from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii, and from the intermuscular septum between the two muscles. It is inserted by means of a flat tendon into an impression at the middle of the medial surface and border of the body of","title":"Coracobrachialis muscle"},{"id":"6356047","text":"Subclavius muscle The subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla. It arises by a short, thick tendon from the first rib and its cartilage at their junction, in front of the costoclavicular ligament. The fleshy fibers proceed obliquely superolaterally, to be inserted into the groove on the under surface of the clavicle. The nerve to subclavius (or subclavian nerve) innervates the muscle. This arises from the junction of the fifth and sixth cervical","title":"Subclavius muscle"},{"id":"1678475","text":"Acromion In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: \"akros\", \"highest\", \"ōmos\", \"shoulder\", plural: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first lateralward, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid cavity. Its superior","title":"Acromion"},{"id":"4285624","text":"Teres minor muscle The teres minor (Latin \"teres\" meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule. The primary function of the teres minor is to modulate the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward as the arm is abducted. It also functions to rotate the humerus laterally. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve. It","title":"Teres minor muscle"},{"id":"8232255","text":"trapezius. Conoid ligament The conoid ligament is the posterior and medial fasciculus of the coracoclavicular ligament. It is formed by a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. It is attached by its apex to a rough impression at the base of the coracoid process on the scapula, medial to the trapezoid ligament; above, by its expanded base, to the conoid tubercle on the under surface of the clavicle, and to a line proceeding medialward from it for 1.25 cm. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid muscles; behind, with","title":"Conoid ligament"},{"id":"1678467","text":"Trapezius The trapezius (or trapezoid) is a large paired surface muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula. It moves the scapula and supports the arm. The trapezius has three functional parts: an upper (descending) part which supports the weight of the arm; a middle region (transverse), which retracts the scapula; and a lower (ascending) part which medially rotates and depresses the scapula. The trapezius muscle resembles a trapezium (trapezoid in American English), or diamond-shaped quadrilateral. The word \"spinotrapezius\" refers to the human trapezius,","title":"Trapezius"},{"id":"6889334","text":"laterally. In more derived tetrapods the dermal part of the girdle was gradually reduced and the scapulocoracoid split into a dorsal scapula and a ventral coracoid. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the glenoid. The scapula served as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles. Chimpanzees","title":"Shoulder girdle"},{"id":"1678481","text":"retains its original function, to support the shoulder girdle and increase stride length. Acromion In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: \"akros\", \"highest\", \"ōmos\", \"shoulder\", plural: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first lateralward, and then","title":"Acromion"},{"id":"5540232","text":"nerve (Nerve of Bell), a branch of the brachial plexus. The long thoracic nerve travels inferiorly on the surface of the serratus. The nerve is especially vulnerable during certain types of surgery (for example, during lymph node clearance from the axilla (e.g., in case of axillary dissection in a surgery for breast cancer)). Damage to this nerve can lead to a winged scapula. All three parts described above pull the scapula forward around the thorax, which is essential for anteversion of the arm. As such, the muscle is an antagonist to the rhomboids. However, when the inferior and superior parts","title":"Serratus anterior muscle"},{"id":"5699141","text":"the infraspinatous fascia which covers it, and separates it from the teres major and teres minor. The fibers converge to a tendon, which glides over the lateral border of the spine of the scapula and passing across the posterior part of the capsule of the shoulder-joint, is inserted into the middle impression on the greater tubercle of the humerus. The trapezoidal insertion of the infraspinatus onto the humerus is much larger than the equivalent insertion of the supraspinatus, the reason why the infraspinatus is involved in rotator cuff tears about as frequently as the supraspinatus. The tendon of this muscle","title":"Infraspinatus muscle"},{"id":"2009843","text":"Dorsal scapular nerve The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root (anterior/ventral ramus) of the cervical nerve C5. Once the nerve leaves C5 it commonly pierces the middle scalene muscle, and continues deep to levator scapulae and the rhomboids (minor superior to major). It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid muscles, which pull the scapula towards the spine and levator scapulae muscle, which elevates the scapula. Injury to this nerve is usually apparent on inspection when the scapula on the injured side is located farther from the midline than the uninjured scapula. The patient","title":"Dorsal scapular nerve"},{"id":"2070378","text":"coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. There are also three other ligaments attaching the lesser tubercle of the humerus to lateral scapula and are collectively called the glenohumeral ligaments. The transverse humeral ligament, which passes from the lesser tubercle to the greater tubercle of humerus, covers the intertubercular groove, in which the long head of biceps brachii travels. The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of four muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. These muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis and that hold","title":"Shoulder"},{"id":"4314543","text":"head of the triceps brachii\". Triceps The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for \"three-headed muscle of the arm\"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm). The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It extends distally anterior to the teres minor and posterior to the teres major. The medial head arises proximally from the groove of the radial nerve; from the dorsal (back) surface of the humerus; from the medial intermuscular septum; and its","title":"Triceps"},{"id":"2070371","text":"Shoulder The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the acromioclavicular joint. In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, and the head sits in the glenoid cavity. The shoulder is the group","title":"Shoulder"},{"id":"6356048","text":"nerves, from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Insertion into coracoid process instead of clavicle or into both clavicle and coracoid process. Sternoscapular fasciculus to the upper border of scapula. Sternoclavicularis from manubrium to clavicle between pectoralis major and coracoclavicular fascia. The subclavius depresses the shoulder, carrying it downward and forward. It draws the clavicle inferiorly as well as anteriorly. The subclavius protects the underlying brachial plexus and subclavian vessels from a broken clavicle - the most frequently broken long bone. Subclavius muscle The subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along","title":"Subclavius muscle"},{"id":"6356077","text":"a tendon that is inserted into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the anterior part of the shoulder-joint capsule. Tendinous fibers extend to the greater tubercle with insertions into the bicipital groove. The tendon of the muscle is separated from the neck of the scapula by a large bursa, which communicates with the cavity of the shoulder-joint through an aperture in the capsule. The subscapularis is separated from the serratus anterior by the subscapularis (supraserratus) bursa. The subscapularis is supplied by the upper and lower subscapular nerves, branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. (C5-C6) The subscapularis","title":"Subscapularis muscle"},{"id":"4140571","text":"Rectus abdominis muscle The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the \"abdominal muscle\" or \"abs\", is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals. There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba. It extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V to VII superiorly. The proximal attachments are the pubic crest and the pubic symphysis. It attaches distally at the costal cartilages","title":"Rectus abdominis muscle"},{"id":"7463243","text":"Bicipital groove The bicipital groove (intertubercular groove, sulcus intertubercularis) is a deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. The bicipital groove lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii between the tendon of the pectoralis major on the lateral lip and the tendon of the teres major on the medial lip. It also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder joint. The insertion of the latissimus dorsi is found along the floor of the bicipital groove. The teres major inserts on the medial lip of the groove. It","title":"Bicipital groove"},{"id":"3339066","text":"superficial back muscle. It is deep to the trapezius, and is located directly inferior to the rhomboid minor. As the word \"rhomboid\" suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped. The \"major\" in its name indicates that it is the larger of the two rhomboids. The two rhomboids are sometimes fused into a single muscle. The rhomboid major, like the rhomboid minor, is innervated by the ventral primary ramus via the dorsal scapular nerve (C5). Both rhomboid muscles also derive their arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery. The rhomboid major helps to hold the scapula (and thus the upper limb)","title":"Rhomboid major muscle"},{"id":"3248171","text":"it does not execute this function when performing push-ups. The anterior portion of the deltoid muscle is one of the major shoulder-joint horizontal adductors, moving the upper arms toward the chest during the upward phase of a push-up. It also helps control the speed of movement during the downward phase. The deltoid attaches to parts of the clavicle and scapula, just above the shoulder joint on one end, and to the outside of the humerus bone on the other. Along with horizontal adduction, the anterior deltoid assists with flexion and internal rotation of the humerus within the shoulder socket. The","title":"Push-up"},{"id":"6296510","text":"the biceps brachii on the anterior side of the arm, and tendons of the rotator cuff; which are fused to all sides of the capsule except the inferior margin. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passes through the bicipital groove on the humerus and inserts on the superior margin of the glenoid cavity to press the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity. The tendons of the rotator cuff and their respective muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) stabilize and fix the joint. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles aid in abduction and","title":"Shoulder joint"},{"id":"4609110","text":"median ventral raphe, and its insertion is at the humerus. Its action is to draw the arm towards the chest. The pectoralis minor muscle is larger than the pectoralis major. However, most of its anterior border is covered by the pectoralis major. Its origins are ribs three–five, and its insertion is the coracoid process of the scapula. Its actions are the tipping of the scapula and the elevation of ribs three–five. The most posterior, flat, thin, and long strip of pectoral muscle is the xiphihumeralis. It is a band of parallel fibers that is found in felines but not in","title":"Cat anatomy"},{"id":"7684482","text":"Supraspinatous fossa The supraspinatous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinous fossa) of the posterior aspect of the scapula is smaller than the infraspinatous fossa, concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end. Its medial two-thirds give origin to the Supraspinatus. The fossa can be exposed by the removal of skin and the superficial fascia of the back and the trapezius muscle. The supraspinatous fossa is bounded by the spine of scapula on the inferior side, acromion process on the lateral side and the superior angle of scapula on the superior side. Supraspinatus muscle originates from the supraspinatous fossa.","title":"Supraspinatous fossa"},{"id":"1678704","text":"groups. For example, in frogs, the procoracoid bones may be braced together at the animal's underside to absorb the shock of landing, while in turtles, the combined structure forms a Y-shape in order to allow the scapula to retain a connection to the clavicle (which is part of the shell). In birds, the procoracoids help to brace the wing against the top of the sternum. In the fossil therapsids, a third bone, the true coracoid, formed just behind the procoracoid. The resulting three-boned structure is still seen in modern monotremes, but in all other living mammals, the procoracoid has disappeared,","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"1678705","text":"and the coracoid bone has fused with the scapula, to become the coracoid process. These changes are associated with the upright gait of mammals, compared with the more sprawling limb arrangement of reptiles and amphibians; the muscles formerly attached to the procoracoid are no longer required. The altered musculature is also responsible for the alteration in the shape of the rest of the scapula; the forward margin of the original bone became the spine and acromion, from which the main shelf of the shoulder blade arises as a new structure. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"4609107","text":"neck and fascia. The insertion is the superior nuchal line and atlas. It raises or turns the head. The serratus ventralis is exposed by cutting the wing-like latissimus dorsi. The said muscle is covered entirely by adipose tissue. The origin is from the first nine or ten ribs and from part of the cervical vertebrae. The serratus dorsalis is medial to both the scapula and the serratus ventralis. Its origin is via apoeurosis following the length of the mid-dorsal line, and its insertion is the dorsal portion of the last ribs. Its action is to depress and retracts the ribs","title":"Cat anatomy"},{"id":"17559582","text":"Glenoid tubercles The glenoid tubercles are two small bony eminences (or tubercles) located above and below the glenoid cavity on the scapula. The glenoid tubercles consist of the supra- and the infraglenoid tubercle. The Latin terms \"supra\" and \"infra\" meaning above and below respectively refers to the tubercles location in relation to the glenoid cavity. The Latin term \"glenoid\" meaning socket or cavity refers to the glenoid cavity. The glenoid tubercles serves as attachment points for the long heads of the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii muscles. The supraglenoid tubercle is where for the long head of the biceps","title":"Glenoid tubercles"},{"id":"3327113","text":"flexion or extension of the cervical spine. The muscles of the shoulder can be categorized into three topographic units: the scapulohumeral, axiohumeral, and axioscapular groups. Levator scapulae forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). The serratus anterior formed the basal unit for these three muscles. In higher primates it has evolved into two separate muscles — serratus anterior and","title":"Levator scapulae muscle"},{"id":"4580996","text":"Suprascapular nerve The suprascapular nerve is a nerve that arises from the brachial plexus. It is responsible for the innervation of some of the muscles that attach on the scapula, namely the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus which is formed by the union of the ventral rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. After branching from the upper trunk, the nerve passes across the posterior triangle of the neck parallel to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and deep to the trapezius muscle. It then runs along","title":"Suprascapular nerve"},{"id":"7925995","text":"Medial epicondyle of the humerus The medial epicondyle of the humerus is an epicondyle of the humerus bone of the upper arm in humans. It is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called the ventral epicondyle of the humerus. In comparative anatomy, the more neutral term entepicondyle is used. The medial epicondyle gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the","title":"Medial epicondyle of the humerus"},{"id":"9414213","text":"abnormalities such as malunited or greenstick fractures. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rarely indicated, but may be useful to rule out certain diagnoses if suspected, such as neurofibromatosis-related injury, intervertebral disc disorder, radiculopathy, and tumors. There are a variety of classifications for winged scapula, and likewise several treatment options. Strength training, particularly of the serratus anterior, may be recommended as this muscle is responsible for holding the medial scapula close to the rib cage. In more severe cases, physical therapy can help by strengthening related muscles. Physical therapy constitutes treatment options if there is weakness of","title":"Winged scapula"},{"id":"6588818","text":"by the subscapular nerve. Teres major: originates on the scapula and inserts on the teres major tuberosity of the humerus. It acts to flex the shoulder and rotate the arm medially. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Coracobrachialis: originates on the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. It acts to adduct, extend and stabilize the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. \"Caudal muscles of brachium:\" Tensor fasciae antebrachium: originates on the fascia covering the latissimus dorsi and inserts on the olecranon. It acts to extend","title":"Dog anatomy"},{"id":"7684612","text":"the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is called the glenoid. The glenoid is important because it defines the range of motion of the humerus. Glenoid cavity The glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa of scapula is a part of the shoulder. It is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is directed laterally and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. This cavity forms the glenohumeral joint along with the humerus. This type of joint is","title":"Glenoid cavity"},{"id":"16412819","text":"this pose: The downward rotation and adduction of the scapulae toward the rib cage. The glenohumeral joint extends and rotates medially. The elbows are flexed, and forearms pronated, with the wrists dorsiflexed and hands extended. The muscles at work are the subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, lower, mid-, and upper trapezius muscles; while the infraspinatus, teres minor, serratus anterior, anterior deltoids, and (if the scapulea are adducted) the pectoralis major and minor are being stretched. Should the practitioner have particularly tight pectoral muscles, deltoids, or shoulder joint capsules, this posture may be difficult. Pashchima Namaskarasana Pashchima Namaskarasana (;IAST:Paścima Namaskārāsanā;)","title":"Pashchima Namaskarasana"},{"id":"5637402","text":"A significant decrease in pain was observed over time following removal of the calcification. The study showed the overall effectiveness of arthroscopic procedures on shoulder repair, and the lack of risk experienced. Before surgery, supraspinatus tendonitis should be ruled out as the cause of pain. Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \"supraspinati\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of","title":"Supraspinatus muscle"},{"id":"1678689","text":"the bone by the 25th year. Failure of bony union between the acromion and spine sometimes occurs (see os acromiale), the junction being effected by fibrous tissue, or by an imperfect articulation; in some cases of supposed fracture of the acromion with ligamentous union, it is probable that the detached segment was never united to the rest of the bone. The following muscles attach to the scapula: Movements of the scapula are brought about by the scapular muscles. The scapula can perform six actions: Because of its sturdy structure and protected location, fractures of the scapula are uncommon. When they","title":"Scapula"},{"id":"2070372","text":"of structures in the region of the joint. The shoulder joint is the main joint of the shoulder. It is a ball and socket joint that allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out and up away from the body. The joint capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint and contribute to the shoulder's stability. The muscles","title":"Shoulder"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"1678676\",\n \"text\": \"the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and spine of the scapula. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint. The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles. These attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. The\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678675\",\n \"text\": \"derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin \\\"(h)umerus\\\". The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678683\",\n \"text\": \"somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the levator scapulae muscle. The inferior angle of the scapula is the lowest part of the scapula and is covered by the latissimus dorsi muscle. It moves forwards round the chest when the arm is abducted. The inferior angle is formed by the union of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula. It is thick and rough and its posterior or back surface affords attachment to the teres major and often to a few fibers of the latissimus dorsi. The anatomical plane that passes vertically through the inferior angle\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8722636\",\n \"text\": \"Spine of scapula The spine of the scapula or scapular spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. It begins at the vertical [vertebral or medial border] border by a smooth, triangular area over which the tendon of insertion of the lower part of the Trapezius glides, and, gradually becoming more elevated, ends in the acromion, which overhangs the shoulder-joint. The spine is triangular, and flattened from above downward, its apex being directed toward the vertebral border. The \\\"root of\",\n \"title\": \"Spine of scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678706\",\n \"text\": \"the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the glenoid. The scapula serves as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles. Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12539845\",\n \"text\": \"role in shoulder impingement syndrome. It is a wide, flat bone lying on the posterior thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three different groups of muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff- the subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, along with humeral abduction. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula,\",\n \"title\": \"Impingement syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2070381\",\n \"text\": \"the acromion, and the spine of the scapula, and travelling to insert on the deltoid tubercle of the humerus. Contraction of each part of the deltoid assists in different movements of the shoulder - flexion (clavicular part), abduction (middle part) and extension (scapular part). The teres major attaches to the outer part of the back of the scapula, beneath the teres minor, and attaches to the upper part of the humerus. It helps with medial rotation of the humerus. Muscles from the front Muscles from the chest wall that contribute to the shoulder are: Muscles from the back The armpit\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8722638\",\n \"text\": \"of the acromion, below with the neck of the scapula. It forms the medial boundary of the great scapular notch, which serves to connect the supra- and infraspinatous fossae. Spine of scapula The spine of the scapula or scapular spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. It begins at the vertical [vertebral or medial border] border by a smooth, triangular area over which the tendon of insertion of the lower part of the Trapezius glides, and, gradually becoming more\",\n \"title\": \"Spine of scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540230\",\n \"text\": \"Serratus anterior muscle The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. The serratus anterior acts to pull the scapula forward around the thorax. The muscle is named from Latin: \\\"serrare\\\" = to saw, referring to the shape, \\\"anterior\\\" = on the front side of the body. Serratus anterior normally originates by nine or ten slips (muscle branches) from either the first to ninth ribs or the first to eighth ribs. Because\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8722637\",\n \"text\": \"the spine\\\" of the scapula is the most medial part of the scapular spine. The root of the spine is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra. It presents two surfaces and three borders. Of the three borders, the anterior is attached to the dorsal surface of the bone; the posterior, or crest of the spine, is broad, and presents two lips and an intervening rough interval. The \\\"lateral border\\\", or base, the shortest of the three, is slightly concave; its edge, thick and round, is continuous above with the under surface\",\n \"title\": \"Spine of scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540231\",\n \"text\": \"two slips usually arise from the second rib, the number of slips is greater than the number of ribs from which they originate. The muscle is inserted along the medial border of the scapula between the superior and inferior angles along with being inserted along the thoracic vertebrae. The muscle is divided into three named parts depending on their points of insertions: The serratus anterior lies deep to the subscapularis, from which it is separated by the subscapularis (supraserratus) bursa. It is separated from the rib by the scapulothoracic (infraserratus) bursa. The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678682\",\n \"text\": \"part. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first laterally, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid cavity. There are 3 angles: The superior angle of the scapula or medial angle, is covered by the trapezius muscle. This angle is formed by the junction of the superior and medial borders of the scapula. The superior angle is located at the approximate level of the second thoracic vertebra. The superior angle of the scapula is thin, smooth, rounded, and inclined\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678680\",\n \"text\": \"that below it the infraspinous fossa. The two fossae are connected by the spinoglenoid notch, situated lateral to the root of the spine. There is a ridge on the outer part of the back of the scapula. This runs from the lower part of the glenoid cavity, downward and backward to the vertebral border, about 2.5 cm above the inferior angle. Attached to the ridge is a fibrous septum, which separates the infraspinatus muscle from the Teres major and Teres minor muscles. The upper two-thirds of the surface between the ridge and the axillary border is narrow, and is crossed\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678678\",\n \"text\": \"the subscapular fossa, to which the subscapularis muscle attaches. The medial two-thirds of the fossa have 3 longitudinal oblique ridges, and another thick ridge adjoins the lateral border; they run outward and upward. The ridges give attachment to the tendinous insertions, and the surfaces between them to the fleshy fibers, of the subscapularis muscle. The lateral third of the fossa is smooth and covered by the fibers of this muscle. At the upper part of the fossa is a transverse depression, where the bone appears to be bent on itself along a line at right angles to and passing through\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5699140\",\n \"text\": \"Infraspinatus muscle In human anatomy, the infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. As one of the four muscles of the rotator cuff, the main function of the infraspinatus is to externally rotate the humerus and stabilize the shoulder joint. It attaches medially to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and laterally to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The muscle arises by fleshy fibers from the medial two-thirds of the infraspinatous fossa, and by tendinous fibers from the ridges on its surface; it also arises from\",\n \"title\": \"Infraspinatus muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12539846\",\n \"text\": \"and spine of the scapula. These muscles are responsible for several actions of the glenohumeral joint. The third group, which is mainly responsible for stabilization and rotation of the scapula, consists of the trapezius, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles and attach to the medial, superior, and inferior borders of the scapula. Each of these muscles has their own role in shoulder function and must be in balance with each other in order to avoid shoulder pathology. Abnormal scapular function is called scapular dyskinesis. One action the scapula performs during a throwing or serving motion is elevation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Impingement syndrome\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540237\",\n \"text\": \"against the reaction forces of the free limb and exerts high bending forces on the ribs. To sustain these forces, the ribs have a pronounced curvature and are supported by the clavicle. In cursorial animals, the thorax is hanging between the scapulae at the serratus anterior and pectoralis muscles. Serratus anterior muscle The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. The serratus anterior acts to pull the scapula forward around the\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339065\",\n \"text\": \"Rhomboid major muscle The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. In human anatomy, it acts together with the rhomboid minor to keep the scapula pressed against thoracic wall and to retract the scapula toward the vertebral column. The rhomboid major arises from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2 to T5 as well as the supraspinous ligament. It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle. The rhomboid major is considered a\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678692\",\n \"text\": \"this first part of an overhead motion are the serratus anterior and the lower trapezius. These two muscles act as a force couple within the glenohumeral joint to properly elevate the acromion process, and if a muscle imbalance exists, shoulder impingement may develop. The name \\\"scapula\\\" as synonym of \\\"shoulder blade\\\" is of Latin origin. It is commonly used in medical English and is part of the current official Latin nomenclature, \\\"Terminologia Anatomica\\\". In classical Latin \\\"scapula\\\" is only used in its plural \\\"scapulae\\\". Although some sources mention that \\\"scapulae\\\" is used to refer during Roman antiquity to the \\\"shoulders\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339067\",\n \"text\": \"onto the ribcage. Other muscles that perform this function include the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor. Both rhomboids (major and minor) also act to retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column. The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the scapulae) are the serratus anterior and lower fibers of the trapezius. If the lower fibers are inactive, the serratus anterior and upper trapezius work in tandem with rhomboids and levators to elevate\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1570358\",\n \"text\": \"conoid tubercle (above the coracoid process). These surface features are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments of the shoulder. It can be divided into three parts: medial end, lateral end and shaft. The medial end is quadrangular and articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint. The articular surface extends to the inferior aspect for attachment with the first costal cartilage. It gives attachments to: The lateral end is flat from above downward. It bears a facet for attachment to the acromion process of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint. The area\",\n \"title\": \"Clavicle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678677\",\n \"text\": \"head, processes, and the thickened parts of the bone contain cancellous tissue; the rest consists of a thin layer of compact tissue. The central part of the supraspinatus fossa and the upper part of the infraspinatous fossa, but especially the former, are usually so thin in humans as to be semitransparent; occasionally the bone is found wanting in this situation, and the adjacent muscles are separated only by fibrous tissue. The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes. The front of the scapula (also known as the costal or ventral surface) has a broad concavity called\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678679\",\n \"text\": \"the center of the glenoid cavity, forming a considerable angle, called the subscapular angle; this gives greater strength to the body of the bone by its arched form, while the summit of the arch serves to support the spine and acromion. The costal surface superior of the scapula is the origin of 1st digitation for the serratus anterior origin. The back of the scapula (also called the dorsal or posterior surface) is arched from above downward, and is subdivided into two unequal parts by the spine of the scapula. The portion above the spine is called the supraspinous fossa, and\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3327108\",\n \"text\": \"Levator scapulae muscle The levator scapulae is a skeletal muscle situated at the back and side of the neck. As the Latin name suggests, its main function is to lift the scapula. The levator scapulae originates from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of cervical vertebrae one to four. The muscle is inserted into medial border of the scapula extending from superior angle to junction of spine and medial border of scapula. The levator scapulae may lie deep to the S at its origin, deep or adjacent to the splenius capitis at its origin and mid-portion, and deep to\",\n \"title\": \"Levator scapulae muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4616290\",\n \"text\": \"thin layer of tissue over the pectoralis major, extending toward the latissimus dorsi muscle on the back. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, the subclavius muscle forms the axilla or armpit. The subclavius moves the shoulder downward and forward. Serratus anterior is another muscle on the front of the chest. It moves the scapula forward around the torso, as when throwing a punch. Between the ribs are various groups of intercostal muscles, which help with breathing. Pectoral muscles Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as \\\"pecs\\\") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the\",\n \"title\": \"Pectoral muscles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678685\",\n \"text\": \"At its apex is a slight elevation, the supraglenoid tuberosity, to which the long head of the biceps brachii is attached. The neck of the scapula is the slightly constricted portion which surrounds the head and is more distinct below and behind than above and in front. There are three borders of the scapula: The scapula is ossified from 7 or more centers: one for the body, two for the coracoid process, two for the acromion, one for the vertebral border, and one for the inferior angle. Ossification of the body begins about the second month of fetal life, by\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6588832\",\n \"text\": \"tibia. It acts to rotate the leg medially. It is innervated by the tibial nerve. \\\"Bones and their significant points for muscle attachment:\\\" Scapula: Spine of the Scapula, Supraglenoid Tubercle, Glenoid Cavity, Acromion Process, Supraspinous Fossa, Infraspinous Fossa, Neck, Coracoid, Process, Subscapular Fossa Humerus: Head of Humerus, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Intertubercular Groove, Deltopectoral Crest, Deltoid Tuberosity, Body of the Humerus, Epicondyles (Medial and Lateral), Humeral condyle (Trochlea and Capitulum, Radial and Olecranon Fossae) Ulna and Radius: Olecranon Process, Trochlear Notch, Anconeal Process, Coronoid Processes (Medial and Lateral), Body of Ulna, Head of Radius, Body of Radius, Distal Trochlea, Styiloid\",\n \"title\": \"Dog anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678674\",\n \"text\": \"Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones the scapulae are paired, with the scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from early Roman times when it was thought that the bone resembled a trowel or small shovel. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in Latin medical terminology. The prefix is\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540234\",\n \"text\": \"the scapula forward and around the rib cage that occurs when someone throws a punch. The serratus anterior also plays an important role in the upward rotation of the scapula, such as when lifting a weight overhead. It performs this in sync with the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius. The muscles of the shoulder can be categorized into three topographic units: the scapulohumeral, axiohumeral, and axioscapular groups. Serratus anterior forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356089\",\n \"text\": \"major muscle originates on the dorsal surface of the inferior angle and the lower part of the lateral border of the scapula. The fibers of teres major insert into the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. It is supplied primarily by the lower subscapular nerve and additionally by the thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular nerve). These are distal to the upper subscapular nerve. These three nerves branch off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The nerves that innervate teres major consist of fibers from spinal nerves C5-C8. The tendon, at its insertion, lies behind that of the\",\n \"title\": \"Teres major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339071\",\n \"text\": \"Rhomboid minor muscle In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. Located inferior to levator scapulae and superior to rhomboid major, it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall. It lies deep to trapezius but superficial to the long spinal muscles. The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, and from the intervening supraspinous ligaments. It is inserted into a\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid minor muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889322\",\n \"text\": \"is the anatomical mechanism that allows for all upper arm and shoulder movement in humans. The shoulder girdle consists of five muscles that attach to the clavicle and scapula and allow for the motion of the sternoclavicular joint (connection between sternum and clavicle) and acromioclavicular joint (connection between clavicle and scapula). The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. The shoulder girdle is a complex of five joints that can be divided into two\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339161\",\n \"text\": \"Pectoralis minor The pectoralis minor () is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the pectoralis major in the human body. It arises from the upper margins and outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, near their cartilages and from the aponeuroses covering the intercostalis. The fibers pass superior and lateral and converge to form a flat tendon, which is inserted into the medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. The pectoralis minor muscle is covered anteriorly (superficially) by the clavipectoral fascia. The Medial pectoral nerve pierces\",\n \"title\": \"Pectoralis minor\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4616289\",\n \"text\": \"Pectoral muscles Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as \\\"pecs\\\") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies under the breast. It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm. Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder. The pectoral fascia is a\",\n \"title\": \"Pectoral muscles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339070\",\n \"text\": \"the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual muscles from the basal unit formed by the serratus anterior. In primitive life forms, the main function of the axioscapular group is to control the movements of the vertebral border of the scapula: fibers concerned with the dorsal movement of scapula evolved into the rhomboids, those with ventral motion into serratus anterior, and those with cranial movements into levator scapulae. Rhomboid major muscle The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column.\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678681\",\n \"text\": \"near its center by a groove for the scapular circumflex vessels; the Teres minor attaches here. The broad and narrow portions above alluded to are separated by an oblique line, which runs from the axillary border, downward and backward, to meet the elevated ridge: to it is attached a fibrous septum which separates the Teres muscles from each other. Its lower third presents a broader, somewhat triangular surface, the inferior angle of the scapula, which gives origin to the Teres major, and over which the Latissimus dorsi glides; frequently the latter muscle takes origin by a few fibers from this\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5699142\",\n \"text\": \"is sometimes separated from the capsule of the shoulder-joint by a bursa, which may communicate with the joint cavity. The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. These muscles function to abduct and laterally rotate the arm, respectively. The infraspinatus is frequently fused with the teres minor. The infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder. When the arm is fixed, it abducts the inferior angle of the scapula. Its synergists are teres minor and the deltoid. The infraspinatus and teres minor rotate the head of the humerus outward (external, or lateral, rotation); they also assist in carrying\",\n \"title\": \"Infraspinatus muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339072\",\n \"text\": \"small area of the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine. Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as an antagonist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the levator scapulae muscle to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula. The nerve supply comes from the dorsal scapular nerve, with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid minor muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356076\",\n \"text\": \"Subscapularis muscle The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. It arises from its medial two-thirds and from the lower two-thirds of the groove on the axillary border (subscapular fossa) of the scapula. Some fibers arise from tendinous laminae, which intersect the muscle and are attached to ridges on the bone; others from an aponeurosis, which separates the muscle from the teres major and the long head of the triceps brachii. The fibers pass laterally and coalesce into\",\n \"title\": \"Subscapularis muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678684\",\n \"text\": \"is named the scapular line. The lateral angle of the scapula or glenoid angle also known as the head of the scapula is the thickest part of the scapula. It is broad and bears the glenoid cavity on its articular surface which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards, and articulates with the head of the humerus. The inferior angle is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. The surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a fibrocartilaginous structure, the glenoidal labrum, which deepens the cavity.\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9414207\",\n \"text\": \"(FSH), none of the individuals complained of pain. Fatigue, however, was a common characteristic and all had noted that there were limitations in their activities of daily life. In most cases of winged scapula, damage to the serratus anterior muscle causes the deformation of the back. The serratus anterior muscle attaches to the medial anterior aspect of the scapula (i.e. it attaches on the side closest to the spine and runs along the side of the scapula that faces the ribcage) and normally anchors the scapula against the rib cage. When the serratus anterior contracts, upward rotation, abduction, and weak\",\n \"title\": \"Winged scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6588817\",\n \"text\": \"glenoid tubercle on the scapula and inserts on the teres minor tuberosity of the humerus. It acts to flex the shoulder and rotate the arm laterally. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Supraspinatus: originates on the supraspinous fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to extend and stabilize the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. \\\"Medial muscles of the scapula and shoulder:\\\" Subscapularis: originates on the subscapular fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to rotate the arm medially and stabilize the joint. It is innervated\",\n \"title\": \"Dog anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3327114\",\n \"text\": \"levator scapulae — by concentration of the proximal and distal fibers and progressive reduction of the intermediate fibers. The fibers concerned with the cranial displacement of the scapula became the levator scapulae. Levator scapulae muscle The levator scapulae is a skeletal muscle situated at the back and side of the neck. As the Latin name suggests, its main function is to lift the scapula. The levator scapulae originates from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of cervical vertebrae one to four. The muscle is inserted into medial border of the scapula extending from superior angle to junction of spine\",\n \"title\": \"Levator scapulae muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339073\",\n \"text\": \"and only minor contribution from C4 or C6. The rhomboid minor gets its arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery. It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united. Rhomboid minor muscle In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. Located inferior to levator scapulae and superior to rhomboid major, it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall. It lies deep\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid minor muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889325\",\n \"text\": \"joint. The acromion of the scapula rotates on the acromial end of the clavicle. The sternoclavicular joint is the articulation of the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage with the medial end of the clavicle. It is a saddle type of synovial joint but functions as a plane joint. The sternoclavicular joint accommodates a wide range of scapula movements and can be raised to a 60° angle. The scapulocostal joint (also known as the scapulothoracic joint) is a physiological joint formed by an articulation of the anterior scapula and the posterior thoracic rib cage. It is musculotendinous\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540235\",\n \"text\": \"from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). Functional demands have resulted in the evolution of individual muscles from the basal unit formed by the serratus anterior. In primitive life forms, the main function of the axioscapular group is to control the movements of the vertebral border of the scapula: fibers concerned with the dorsal movement of scapula evolved into the rhomboids, those with ventral motion into serratus anterior, and those with cranial movements into levator scapulae. The evolution of the serratus anterior itself has resulted in (1) grouping\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8232254\",\n \"text\": \"Conoid ligament The conoid ligament is the posterior and medial fasciculus of the coracoclavicular ligament. It is formed by a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. It is attached by its apex to a rough impression at the base of the coracoid process on the scapula, medial to the trapezoid ligament; above, by its expanded base, to the conoid tubercle on the under surface of the clavicle, and to a line proceeding medialward from it for 1.25 cm. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid muscles; behind, with the\",\n \"title\": \"Conoid ligament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4314535\",\n \"text\": \"Triceps The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for \\\"three-headed muscle of the arm\\\"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm). The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It extends distally anterior to the teres minor and posterior to the teres major. The medial head arises proximally from the groove of the radial nerve; from the dorsal (back) surface of the humerus; from the medial intermuscular septum; and its distal part also arises from\",\n \"title\": \"Triceps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5637396\",\n \"text\": \"Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \\\"supraspinati\\\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its spine. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of\",\n \"title\": \"Supraspinatus muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6588816\",\n \"text\": \"vertebrae and inserts on the scapula. Its function is to support the trunk and depress the scapula. It is innervated by the ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves. \\\"Intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb:\\\" Deltoideus: originates on the acromial process of the scapula and inserts on the deltoid tuberosity. It acts to flex the shoulder. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Infraspinatus: originates on the infraspinatus fossa and inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. It acts to extend and flex the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the suprascapular nerve. Teres minor: originates on the infra\",\n \"title\": \"Dog anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2070377\",\n \"text\": \"arm to have tremendous mobility, at the expense of being much easier to dislocate than most other joints in the body. There is an approximately 4-to-1 disproportion in size between the large head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid cavity.The glenoid cavity is made deeper by the addition of the fibrocartilaginous ring of the glenoid labrum. The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. This capsule is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament which attaches the\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540233\",\n \"text\": \"act together, they keep the scapula pressed against the thorax \\\"together\\\" with the rhomboids and therefore these parts also act as synergists to the rhomboids. The inferior part can pull the lower end of the scapula laterally and forward and thus rotates the scapula to make elevation of the arm possible. Additionally, all three parts can lift the ribs when the shoulder girdle is fixed, and thus assist in respiration. The serratus anterior is occasionally called the \\\"big swing muscle\\\" or \\\"boxer's muscle\\\" because it is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula — that is, the pulling of\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889320\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulder girdle The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid. Some mammalian species (such as the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. The pectoral girdles are to the upper limbs as the pelvic girdle is to the lower limbs; the girdles are the parts of the appendicular skeleton that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton. In\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3327111\",\n \"text\": \"passes laterally to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula, and in a third of cases, this branch supplies the muscle. If the dorsal scapular artery comes off the transverse cervical artery, the parent transverse cervical artery splits, the dorsal scapular artery passes medially, while the transverse cervical artery passes laterally. When the spine is fixed, levator scapulae elevates the scapula and rotates its inferior angle medially. It often works in combination with other muscles like the rhomboids and pectoralis minor to rotate down. Elevating or rotating one shoulder at a time would require muscles to stabilize the cervical spine and\",\n \"title\": \"Levator scapulae muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1749283\",\n \"text\": \"then it pulls the cork out (flexion). The biceps is one of three muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm, along with the brachialis muscle and the coracobrachialis muscle, with which the biceps shares a nerve supply. The biceps muscle has two heads, the short head and the long head, distinguished according to their origin at the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, respectively. From its origin on the glenoid, the long head remains tendinous as it passes through the shoulder joint and through the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Extending from its origin on the\",\n \"title\": \"Biceps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889327\",\n \"text\": \"the scapula. This space is filled mostly by the subacromial bursa and the tendon of supraspinatus. This joint plays a role during complex movements while the arm is fully flexed at the glenohumeral joint, such as changing a lightbulb, or painting a ceiling. From its neutral position, the shoulder girdle can be rotated about an imaginary vertical axis at the medial end of the clavicle (the sternoclavicular joint). Throughout this movement the scapula is rotated around the chest wall so that it moves laterally and the glenoid cavity is rotated 40–45° in the horizontal plane. When the scapula is moved\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4609111\",\n \"text\": \"humans. Its origin is the xiphoid process of the sternum. The insertion is the humerus. In the cat there are three thin flat muscles that cover the back, and to a lesser extent, the neck. They pull the scapula toward the mid-dorsal line, anteriorly, and posteriorly. The most anterior of the trapezius muscles, it is also the largest. Its fibers run obliquely to the ventral surface. Its origin is the superior nuchal line and median dorsal line and its insertion is the clavicle. Its action is to draw the clavicle dorsally and towards the head. Acromiotrapezius is the middle trapezius\",\n \"title\": \"Cat anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540236\",\n \"text\": \"of its distal and proximal fibers, (2) size reduction of its intermediate fibers, and (3) the insertion of its dominant superior and inferior parts onto the superior and inferior angles of the scapula. In primates, the thoracic cage is wide and the scapula is rotated onto its posterior side to have the glenoid cavity face laterally. Additionally, the clavicle takes care of medial forces. In cursorial mammals (for example the horse and other quadrupeds), the scapula is hanging vertically on the side of the thorax and the clavicle is absent. Therefore, in climbing animals, the serratus anterior supports the scapula\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9434588\",\n \"text\": \"humerus (upper arm bone) is located. The acrocoracoid process is an expansion adjacent to this contact surface, to which the shoulderward end of the biceps brachii muscle attaches in these animals. In birds (and generally theropods and related animals), the entire unit is rigid and called scapulocoracoid. This plays a major role in bird flight. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. In fish it provides the base for the pectoral fin. Monotremes, as well as the extinct therapsids, possess both the\",\n \"title\": \"Coracoid\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4285625\",\n \"text\": \"arises from the dorsal surface of the axillary border of the scapula for the upper two-thirds of its extent, and from two aponeurotic laminae, one of which separates it from the infraspinatus muscle, the other from the teres major muscle. Its fibers run obliquely upwards and laterally; the upper ones end in a tendon which is inserted into the lowest of the three impressions on the greater tubercle of the humerus; the lowest fibers are inserted directly into the humerus immediately below this impression. The teres minor originates at the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the scapula. It\",\n \"title\": \"Teres minor muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356088\",\n \"text\": \"Teres major muscle The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb. It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. The teres major muscle (from Latin \\\"teres\\\", meaning \\\"rounded\\\") is positioned above the latissimus dorsi muscle and assists in the extension and medial rotation of the humerus. This muscle is commonly confused as a rotator cuff muscle, but it is not because it does not attach to the capsule of the shoulder joint, unlike the teres minor muscle for example. The teres\",\n \"title\": \"Teres major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1754252\",\n \"text\": \"deltoid tuberosity of the humerus and has several actions including abduction, extension, and circumduction of the shoulder. The supraspinatus also originates on the spine of the scapula. It inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus, and assists in abduction of the shoulder. The pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi insert at the \\\"intertubercular groove\\\" of the humerus. They work to adduct and medially, or internally, rotate the humerus. The infraspinatus and teres minor insert on the greater tubercle, and work to laterally, or externally, rotate the humerus. In contrast, the subscapularis muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle and\",\n \"title\": \"Humerus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889326\",\n \"text\": \"in nature and is formed predominantly by the trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior muscles. The pectoralis minor also plays a role in its movements. The gliding movements at the scapulocostal joint are elevation, depression, retraction, protraction and superior and inferior rotation of the scapula. Disorders of the scapulocostal joint are not very common and usually restricted to snapping scapula. The suprahumeral joint (also known as the subacromial joint) is a physiological joint formed by an articulation of the coracoacromial ligament and the head of the humerus. It is formed by the gap between the humerus and the acromion process of\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356099\",\n \"text\": \"Coracobrachialis muscle The coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and the short head of the biceps brachii.) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It arises from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii, and from the intermuscular septum between the two muscles. It is inserted by means of a flat tendon into an impression at the middle of the medial surface and border of the body of\",\n \"title\": \"Coracobrachialis muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356047\",\n \"text\": \"Subclavius muscle The subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla. It arises by a short, thick tendon from the first rib and its cartilage at their junction, in front of the costoclavicular ligament. The fleshy fibers proceed obliquely superolaterally, to be inserted into the groove on the under surface of the clavicle. The nerve to subclavius (or subclavian nerve) innervates the muscle. This arises from the junction of the fifth and sixth cervical\",\n \"title\": \"Subclavius muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678475\",\n \"text\": \"Acromion In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: \\\"akros\\\", \\\"highest\\\", \\\"ōmos\\\", \\\"shoulder\\\", plural: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first lateralward, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid cavity. Its superior\",\n \"title\": \"Acromion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4285624\",\n \"text\": \"Teres minor muscle The teres minor (Latin \\\"teres\\\" meaning 'rounded') is a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff. The muscle originates from the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the corresponding right or left scapula and inserts at both the greater tubercle of the humerus and the posterior surface of the joint capsule. The primary function of the teres minor is to modulate the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward as the arm is abducted. It also functions to rotate the humerus laterally. The teres minor is innervated by the axillary nerve. It\",\n \"title\": \"Teres minor muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8232255\",\n \"text\": \"trapezius. Conoid ligament The conoid ligament is the posterior and medial fasciculus of the coracoclavicular ligament. It is formed by a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. It is attached by its apex to a rough impression at the base of the coracoid process on the scapula, medial to the trapezoid ligament; above, by its expanded base, to the conoid tubercle on the under surface of the clavicle, and to a line proceeding medialward from it for 1.25 cm. These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid muscles; behind, with\",\n \"title\": \"Conoid ligament\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678467\",\n \"text\": \"Trapezius The trapezius (or trapezoid) is a large paired surface muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula. It moves the scapula and supports the arm. The trapezius has three functional parts: an upper (descending) part which supports the weight of the arm; a middle region (transverse), which retracts the scapula; and a lower (ascending) part which medially rotates and depresses the scapula. The trapezius muscle resembles a trapezium (trapezoid in American English), or diamond-shaped quadrilateral. The word \\\"spinotrapezius\\\" refers to the human trapezius,\",\n \"title\": \"Trapezius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6889334\",\n \"text\": \"laterally. In more derived tetrapods the dermal part of the girdle was gradually reduced and the scapulocoracoid split into a dorsal scapula and a ventral coracoid. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the glenoid. The scapula served as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles. Chimpanzees\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder girdle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678481\",\n \"text\": \"retains its original function, to support the shoulder girdle and increase stride length. Acromion In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: \\\"akros\\\", \\\"highest\\\", \\\"ōmos\\\", \\\"shoulder\\\", plural: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first lateralward, and then\",\n \"title\": \"Acromion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5540232\",\n \"text\": \"nerve (Nerve of Bell), a branch of the brachial plexus. The long thoracic nerve travels inferiorly on the surface of the serratus. The nerve is especially vulnerable during certain types of surgery (for example, during lymph node clearance from the axilla (e.g., in case of axillary dissection in a surgery for breast cancer)). Damage to this nerve can lead to a winged scapula. All three parts described above pull the scapula forward around the thorax, which is essential for anteversion of the arm. As such, the muscle is an antagonist to the rhomboids. However, when the inferior and superior parts\",\n \"title\": \"Serratus anterior muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5699141\",\n \"text\": \"the infraspinatous fascia which covers it, and separates it from the teres major and teres minor. The fibers converge to a tendon, which glides over the lateral border of the spine of the scapula and passing across the posterior part of the capsule of the shoulder-joint, is inserted into the middle impression on the greater tubercle of the humerus. The trapezoidal insertion of the infraspinatus onto the humerus is much larger than the equivalent insertion of the supraspinatus, the reason why the infraspinatus is involved in rotator cuff tears about as frequently as the supraspinatus. The tendon of this muscle\",\n \"title\": \"Infraspinatus muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2009843\",\n \"text\": \"Dorsal scapular nerve The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root (anterior/ventral ramus) of the cervical nerve C5. Once the nerve leaves C5 it commonly pierces the middle scalene muscle, and continues deep to levator scapulae and the rhomboids (minor superior to major). It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid muscles, which pull the scapula towards the spine and levator scapulae muscle, which elevates the scapula. Injury to this nerve is usually apparent on inspection when the scapula on the injured side is located farther from the midline than the uninjured scapula. The patient\",\n \"title\": \"Dorsal scapular nerve\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2070378\",\n \"text\": \"coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. There are also three other ligaments attaching the lesser tubercle of the humerus to lateral scapula and are collectively called the glenohumeral ligaments. The transverse humeral ligament, which passes from the lesser tubercle to the greater tubercle of humerus, covers the intertubercular groove, in which the long head of biceps brachii travels. The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of four muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. These muscles are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis and that hold\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4314543\",\n \"text\": \"head of the triceps brachii\\\". Triceps The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for \\\"three-headed muscle of the arm\\\"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (straightening of the arm). The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. It extends distally anterior to the teres minor and posterior to the teres major. The medial head arises proximally from the groove of the radial nerve; from the dorsal (back) surface of the humerus; from the medial intermuscular septum; and its\",\n \"title\": \"Triceps\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2070371\",\n \"text\": \"Shoulder The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the acromioclavicular joint. In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, and the head sits in the glenoid cavity. The shoulder is the group\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356048\",\n \"text\": \"nerves, from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Insertion into coracoid process instead of clavicle or into both clavicle and coracoid process. Sternoscapular fasciculus to the upper border of scapula. Sternoclavicularis from manubrium to clavicle between pectoralis major and coracoclavicular fascia. The subclavius depresses the shoulder, carrying it downward and forward. It draws the clavicle inferiorly as well as anteriorly. The subclavius protects the underlying brachial plexus and subclavian vessels from a broken clavicle - the most frequently broken long bone. Subclavius muscle The subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along\",\n \"title\": \"Subclavius muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6356077\",\n \"text\": \"a tendon that is inserted into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the anterior part of the shoulder-joint capsule. Tendinous fibers extend to the greater tubercle with insertions into the bicipital groove. The tendon of the muscle is separated from the neck of the scapula by a large bursa, which communicates with the cavity of the shoulder-joint through an aperture in the capsule. The subscapularis is separated from the serratus anterior by the subscapularis (supraserratus) bursa. The subscapularis is supplied by the upper and lower subscapular nerves, branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. (C5-C6) The subscapularis\",\n \"title\": \"Subscapularis muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4140571\",\n \"text\": \"Rectus abdominis muscle The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the \\\"abdominal muscle\\\" or \\\"abs\\\", is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals. There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba. It extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V to VII superiorly. The proximal attachments are the pubic crest and the pubic symphysis. It attaches distally at the costal cartilages\",\n \"title\": \"Rectus abdominis muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7463243\",\n \"text\": \"Bicipital groove The bicipital groove (intertubercular groove, sulcus intertubercularis) is a deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. The bicipital groove lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii between the tendon of the pectoralis major on the lateral lip and the tendon of the teres major on the medial lip. It also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder joint. The insertion of the latissimus dorsi is found along the floor of the bicipital groove. The teres major inserts on the medial lip of the groove. It\",\n \"title\": \"Bicipital groove\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3339066\",\n \"text\": \"superficial back muscle. It is deep to the trapezius, and is located directly inferior to the rhomboid minor. As the word \\\"rhomboid\\\" suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped. The \\\"major\\\" in its name indicates that it is the larger of the two rhomboids. The two rhomboids are sometimes fused into a single muscle. The rhomboid major, like the rhomboid minor, is innervated by the ventral primary ramus via the dorsal scapular nerve (C5). Both rhomboid muscles also derive their arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery. The rhomboid major helps to hold the scapula (and thus the upper limb)\",\n \"title\": \"Rhomboid major muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3248171\",\n \"text\": \"it does not execute this function when performing push-ups. The anterior portion of the deltoid muscle is one of the major shoulder-joint horizontal adductors, moving the upper arms toward the chest during the upward phase of a push-up. It also helps control the speed of movement during the downward phase. The deltoid attaches to parts of the clavicle and scapula, just above the shoulder joint on one end, and to the outside of the humerus bone on the other. Along with horizontal adduction, the anterior deltoid assists with flexion and internal rotation of the humerus within the shoulder socket. The\",\n \"title\": \"Push-up\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6296510\",\n \"text\": \"the biceps brachii on the anterior side of the arm, and tendons of the rotator cuff; which are fused to all sides of the capsule except the inferior margin. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passes through the bicipital groove on the humerus and inserts on the superior margin of the glenoid cavity to press the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity. The tendons of the rotator cuff and their respective muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) stabilize and fix the joint. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles aid in abduction and\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder joint\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4609110\",\n \"text\": \"median ventral raphe, and its insertion is at the humerus. Its action is to draw the arm towards the chest. The pectoralis minor muscle is larger than the pectoralis major. However, most of its anterior border is covered by the pectoralis major. Its origins are ribs three–five, and its insertion is the coracoid process of the scapula. Its actions are the tipping of the scapula and the elevation of ribs three–five. The most posterior, flat, thin, and long strip of pectoral muscle is the xiphihumeralis. It is a band of parallel fibers that is found in felines but not in\",\n \"title\": \"Cat anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7684482\",\n \"text\": \"Supraspinatous fossa The supraspinatous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinous fossa) of the posterior aspect of the scapula is smaller than the infraspinatous fossa, concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end. Its medial two-thirds give origin to the Supraspinatus. The fossa can be exposed by the removal of skin and the superficial fascia of the back and the trapezius muscle. The supraspinatous fossa is bounded by the spine of scapula on the inferior side, acromion process on the lateral side and the superior angle of scapula on the superior side. Supraspinatus muscle originates from the supraspinatous fossa.\",\n \"title\": \"Supraspinatous fossa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678704\",\n \"text\": \"groups. For example, in frogs, the procoracoid bones may be braced together at the animal's underside to absorb the shock of landing, while in turtles, the combined structure forms a Y-shape in order to allow the scapula to retain a connection to the clavicle (which is part of the shell). In birds, the procoracoids help to brace the wing against the top of the sternum. In the fossil therapsids, a third bone, the true coracoid, formed just behind the procoracoid. The resulting three-boned structure is still seen in modern monotremes, but in all other living mammals, the procoracoid has disappeared,\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678705\",\n \"text\": \"and the coracoid bone has fused with the scapula, to become the coracoid process. These changes are associated with the upright gait of mammals, compared with the more sprawling limb arrangement of reptiles and amphibians; the muscles formerly attached to the procoracoid are no longer required. The altered musculature is also responsible for the alteration in the shape of the rest of the scapula; the forward margin of the original bone became the spine and acromion, from which the main shelf of the shoulder blade arises as a new structure. In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4609107\",\n \"text\": \"neck and fascia. The insertion is the superior nuchal line and atlas. It raises or turns the head. The serratus ventralis is exposed by cutting the wing-like latissimus dorsi. The said muscle is covered entirely by adipose tissue. The origin is from the first nine or ten ribs and from part of the cervical vertebrae. The serratus dorsalis is medial to both the scapula and the serratus ventralis. Its origin is via apoeurosis following the length of the mid-dorsal line, and its insertion is the dorsal portion of the last ribs. Its action is to depress and retracts the ribs\",\n \"title\": \"Cat anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"17559582\",\n \"text\": \"Glenoid tubercles The glenoid tubercles are two small bony eminences (or tubercles) located above and below the glenoid cavity on the scapula. The glenoid tubercles consist of the supra- and the infraglenoid tubercle. The Latin terms \\\"supra\\\" and \\\"infra\\\" meaning above and below respectively refers to the tubercles location in relation to the glenoid cavity. The Latin term \\\"glenoid\\\" meaning socket or cavity refers to the glenoid cavity. The glenoid tubercles serves as attachment points for the long heads of the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii muscles. The supraglenoid tubercle is where for the long head of the biceps\",\n \"title\": \"Glenoid tubercles\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3327113\",\n \"text\": \"flexion or extension of the cervical spine. The muscles of the shoulder can be categorized into three topographic units: the scapulohumeral, axiohumeral, and axioscapular groups. Levator scapulae forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs). The serratus anterior formed the basal unit for these three muscles. In higher primates it has evolved into two separate muscles — serratus anterior and\",\n \"title\": \"Levator scapulae muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4580996\",\n \"text\": \"Suprascapular nerve The suprascapular nerve is a nerve that arises from the brachial plexus. It is responsible for the innervation of some of the muscles that attach on the scapula, namely the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus which is formed by the union of the ventral rami of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves. After branching from the upper trunk, the nerve passes across the posterior triangle of the neck parallel to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and deep to the trapezius muscle. It then runs along\",\n \"title\": \"Suprascapular nerve\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7925995\",\n \"text\": \"Medial epicondyle of the humerus The medial epicondyle of the humerus is an epicondyle of the humerus bone of the upper arm in humans. It is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called the ventral epicondyle of the humerus. In comparative anatomy, the more neutral term entepicondyle is used. The medial epicondyle gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the\",\n \"title\": \"Medial epicondyle of the humerus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"9414213\",\n \"text\": \"abnormalities such as malunited or greenstick fractures. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rarely indicated, but may be useful to rule out certain diagnoses if suspected, such as neurofibromatosis-related injury, intervertebral disc disorder, radiculopathy, and tumors. There are a variety of classifications for winged scapula, and likewise several treatment options. Strength training, particularly of the serratus anterior, may be recommended as this muscle is responsible for holding the medial scapula close to the rib cage. In more severe cases, physical therapy can help by strengthening related muscles. Physical therapy constitutes treatment options if there is weakness of\",\n \"title\": \"Winged scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6588818\",\n \"text\": \"by the subscapular nerve. Teres major: originates on the scapula and inserts on the teres major tuberosity of the humerus. It acts to flex the shoulder and rotate the arm medially. It is innervated by the axillary nerve. Coracobrachialis: originates on the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. It acts to adduct, extend and stabilize the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. \\\"Caudal muscles of brachium:\\\" Tensor fasciae antebrachium: originates on the fascia covering the latissimus dorsi and inserts on the olecranon. It acts to extend\",\n \"title\": \"Dog anatomy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7684612\",\n \"text\": \"the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is called the glenoid. The glenoid is important because it defines the range of motion of the humerus. Glenoid cavity The glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa of scapula is a part of the shoulder. It is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is directed laterally and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. This cavity forms the glenohumeral joint along with the humerus. This type of joint is\",\n \"title\": \"Glenoid cavity\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16412819\",\n \"text\": \"this pose: The downward rotation and adduction of the scapulae toward the rib cage. The glenohumeral joint extends and rotates medially. The elbows are flexed, and forearms pronated, with the wrists dorsiflexed and hands extended. The muscles at work are the subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, lower, mid-, and upper trapezius muscles; while the infraspinatus, teres minor, serratus anterior, anterior deltoids, and (if the scapulea are adducted) the pectoralis major and minor are being stretched. Should the practitioner have particularly tight pectoral muscles, deltoids, or shoulder joint capsules, this posture may be difficult. Pashchima Namaskarasana Pashchima Namaskarasana (;IAST:Paścima Namaskārāsanā;)\",\n \"title\": \"Pashchima Namaskarasana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5637402\",\n \"text\": \"A significant decrease in pain was observed over time following removal of the calcification. The study showed the overall effectiveness of arthroscopic procedures on shoulder repair, and the lack of risk experienced. Before surgery, supraspinatus tendonitis should be ruled out as the cause of pain. Supraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus (plural \\\"supraspinati\\\") is a relatively small muscle of the upper back that runs from the supraspinatous fossa superior portion of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of\",\n \"title\": \"Supraspinatus muscle\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1678689\",\n \"text\": \"the bone by the 25th year. Failure of bony union between the acromion and spine sometimes occurs (see os acromiale), the junction being effected by fibrous tissue, or by an imperfect articulation; in some cases of supposed fracture of the acromion with ligamentous union, it is probable that the detached segment was never united to the rest of the bone. The following muscles attach to the scapula: Movements of the scapula are brought about by the scapular muscles. The scapula can perform six actions: Because of its sturdy structure and protected location, fractures of the scapula are uncommon. When they\",\n \"title\": \"Scapula\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2070372\",\n \"text\": \"of structures in the region of the joint. The shoulder joint is the main joint of the shoulder. It is a ball and socket joint that allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or to hinge out and up away from the body. The joint capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the scapula, humerus, and head of the biceps. It is lined by a thin, smooth synovial membrane. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint and contribute to the shoulder's stability. The muscles\",\n \"title\": \"Shoulder\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what muscles attach to medial border of scapula"}}},{"rowIdx":299,"cells":{"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Roman Peace"],"string":"[\n \"Roman Peace\"\n]","isConversational":false},"ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"id":"549242","text":"Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for \"Roman Peace\") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the \"good emperors\". Since it was inaugurated by Augustus with the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. During this period of approximately 206 years (27 BC to AD 180), the Roman empire achieved its greatest territorial extent and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"549246","text":"\"Pax Romana\" was broken by the First Jewish–Roman War, the Kitos War (also in Judea, 115–117), the Bar Kokhba Revolt (also known as the Third Jewish–Roman War), the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63, Trajan's Roman–Parthian War of 113, the Dacian Wars, various battles with Germanic tribes, including the Teutoburg Forest, and Boudica's war in Britain in AD 60 or 61. The Pax Romana began when Octavian (Augustus) defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium on 2 September 31 BC and became Roman emperor. He became princeps, or \"first citizen\". Lacking a good precedent of successful one-man rule, Augustus","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"549249","text":"had been beaten down and lost the ability to resist. Augustus' challenge was to persuade Romans that the prosperity they could achieve in the absence of warfare was better for the Empire than the potential wealth and honor acquired when fighting a risky war. Augustus succeeded by means of skillful propaganda. Subsequent emperors followed his lead, sometimes producing lavish ceremonies to close the Gates of Janus, issuing coins with Pax on the reverse, and patronizing literature extolling the benefits of the Pax Romana. After Augustus' death in 14 AD, most of his successors as Roman emperors continued his politics. The","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"549248","text":"BC with the commissioning of the Ara Pacis. At the time of the Ludi Saeculares in 17 BC the Concept of Peace was publicised, and in 13 BC was proclaimed when Augustus and Agrippa jointly returned from pacifying the provinces. The order to construct the Ara Pacis was no doubt part of this announcement. Augustus faced a problem making peace an acceptable mode of life for the Romans, who had been at war with one power or another continuously for 200 years. Romans regarded peace not as an absence of war, but the rare situation which existed when all opponents","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"4583193","text":"Pax Syriana Pax Syriana (Lat., \"Syrian Peace\") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase \"Pax Romana\", used in the study of international relations in Western Asia, usually pertaining to efforts by Syria to influence its neighbors, particularly Lebanon. The idea behind Pax Syriana is that Syria, through diplomacy and military strength, could secure peace in Lebanon. An earlier reference was published in \"Time\" magazine in 1976, referring to Syrian efforts to impose a truce during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. It has recently been used to refer to the period between 1990 and 2005 when","title":"Pax Syriana"},{"id":"12469874","text":"and \"Movimiento Internacional de Estudiantes Católicos\" in Spanish). \"Pax Romana\" (Latin) refers to over 200 years of peace during the days of the Roman Empire, including the life of Christ. The motto of Pax Romana is \"\"Pax Christi in regno Christi\"\" (Latin), which translates to \"peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ\". In 1921, student leaders from 23 countries met in Fribourg, Switzerland to create what is today the International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS/MIEC). They felt compelled to form an international union to organize for peace after the world had been shaken by World War I. Between the","title":"Pax Romana (organization)"},{"id":"2846349","text":"Concordia (mythology) In ancient Roman religion, Concordia is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society. Her Greek equivalent is usually regarded as Harmonia, with musical harmony a metaphor for an ideal of social concord or \"entente\" in the political discourse of the Republican era. She was thus often associated with Pax (\"Peace\") in representing a stable society. As such, she is more closely related to the Greek concept of \"homonoia\" (likemindedness), which was also represented by a goddess. Concordia Augusta was cultivated in the context of Imperial cult. Dedicatory inscriptions to her, on behalf of emperors and members","title":"Concordia (mythology)"},{"id":"549247","text":"created a junta of the greatest military magnates and stood as the front man. By binding together these leading magnates in a coalition, he eliminated the prospect of civil war. The Pax Romana was not immediate, despite the end of the civil wars, because fighting continued in Hispania and in the Alps. Nevertheless, Augustus closed the Gates of Janus (a ceremony indicating that Rome was at peace) three times, first in 29 BC and again in 25 BC. The third closure is undocumented, but Inez Scott Ryberg (1949) and Gaius Stern (2006) have persuasively dated the third closure to 13","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"549253","text":"The concept of Pax Romana was highly influential, and attempts to imitate it occurred in the Byzantine Empire, and in the Christian West, where it morphed into the Peace and Truce of God (\"pax Dei\" and \"treuga Dei\"). A theoretician of the imperial peace during the Middle Ages was Dante Aligheri. Dante's works on the topic were analyzed at the beginning of the 20th century by William Mitchell Ramsay in the book \"The Imperial Peace; An Ideal in European History\" (1913). Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for \"Roman Peace\") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"1559283","text":"Ara Pacis The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, \"Altar of Augustan Peace\"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. The monument was commissioned by the Roman Senate on July 4, 13 BC to honor the return of Augustus to Rome after three years in Hispania and Gaul, and consecrated on January 30, 9 BC. Originally located on the northern outskirts of Rome, a Roman mile from the boundary of the \"pomerium\" on the west side of the Via Flaminia, it stood in the northeastern corner of the Campus Martius, the","title":"Ara Pacis"},{"id":"7532381","text":"progress in therapy instead of love. Carmela expresses a jealousy towards Melfi that she's never felt about Tony's mistresses. Later, she tells Tony that she wants to be the woman in his life to help him, and Tony agrees. Later, at a banquet to Junior, FBI agents disguised as servers take photos of the event with button cameras. The FBI assumes that Tony remains a \"capo\" under Junior. The title is a reference to Pax Romana (Roman peace) and related terms (Pax Britannica, Pax Americana etc.), which refer to a lack of conflict over a long period of time due","title":"Pax Soprana"},{"id":"1559318","text":"a good one.\" The mayor’s office said Alemanno hopes to complete the project before the end of his term in 2013. Ara Pacis The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, \"Altar of Augustan Peace\"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. The monument was commissioned by the Roman Senate on July 4, 13 BC to honor the return of Augustus to Rome after three years in Hispania and Gaul, and consecrated on January 30, 9 BC. Originally located on the northern outskirts of Rome, a Roman mile from the boundary of","title":"Ara Pacis"},{"id":"564718","text":"modern \"Pax Americana\" may be seen as similar to the period of peace in Rome, \"Pax Romana\". In both situations, the period of peace was 'relative peace'. During both \"Pax Romana\" and \"Pax Americana\" wars continued to occur, but it was still a prosperous time for both Western and Roman civilizations. It is important to note that during these periods, and most other times of relative tranquility, the peace that is referred to does not mean complete peace. Rather, it simply means that the civilization prospered in their military, agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. From the end of the Napoleonic Wars","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"8371883","text":"infused with all the religious imagery and richness of the word \"shalom\" in the Hebrew Bible that had evolved over the history of the Jewish people. Subsequently, the use of the Greek Bible as the basis for St. Jerome’s Vulgate translation into Latin then brought all the new meanings of \"eirene\" to the Latin word \"pax\" and transformed it from a term for an imposed order of the sword, the \"Pax Romana\", into the chief image of peace for Western Christianity. The Gospels present the birth of Jesus as ushering in a new age of peace. In Luke, Zechariah celebrates","title":"Catholic peace traditions"},{"id":"564696","text":"Pax Americana Pax Americana (Latin for \"American Peace\", modeled after \"Pax Romana\", \"Pax Britannica\", and \"Pax Mongolica\") is a term applied to the concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the world beginning around the middle of the 20th century, thought to be caused by the preponderance of power enjoyed by the United States. Although the term finds its primary utility in the latter half of the 20th century, it has been used with different meanings and eras, such as the post-Civil War era in North America, and regionally in the Americas at the start of the","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"549250","text":"last five emperors of the Pax Romana were considered the \"Five Good Emperors\". Roman trade in the Mediterranean increased during the Pax Romana. Romans sailed East to acquire silks, gems, onyx and spices. Romans benefited from large profits and incomes in the Roman empire were raised due to trade in the Mediterranean. As the Pax Romana of the western world by Rome was largely contemporaneous to the Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China, long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history was significantly stimulated during these eras. The prominence of the concept of the \"Pax Romana\" led to","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"549251","text":"historians coining variants of the term to describe other systems of relative peace that have been established, attempted, or argued to have existed. Some variants include: More generically, the concept has been referred to as \"pax imperia\", (sometimes spelled as \"pax imperium\") meaning \"imperial peace\", or—less literally—\"hegemonic peace\". Raymond Aron notes that imperial peace—peace achieved through hegemony—sometimes, but not always—can become civil peace. As an example, the German Empire's imperial peace of 1871 (over its internal components like Saxony) slowly evolved into the later German state. As a counter-example, the imperial peace of Alexander the Great's empire dissolved because the","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"1559293","text":"more controversial in its subject, but far better preserved. A goddess sits amid a scene of fertility and prosperity with twins on her lap. Scholars have variously suggested that the goddess is Italia, Tellus (Earth), Venus, and Peace, although other views also circulate. Due to the widespread depiction around the sculpture of scenes of peace, and because the Altar is named for \"peace\", the favoured conclusion is that the goddess is Pax. The West Wall also contains two panels. The fragmentary \"Lupercal Panel\" apparently preserves the moment when Romulus and Remus were discovered by Faustulus the shepherd, while Mars looks","title":"Ara Pacis"},{"id":"19677395","text":"members and families. There are allegations that notional capture and escapes of organized crime bosses might be ploys to maintain the peace. It has been felt that an increase in violence after a period of peace is due to a change in the status quo, for example, an increase in competition between groups or political interference. The name is usually used in reference to the Sicilian Mafia and other Italian organized crime groups. The name is modeled on the Latin Pax Romana (English: \"Roman Peace\"), which was a long period of relative peace in the Roman Empire due to its","title":"Pax Mafiosa"},{"id":"564745","text":"institutions as evidence of imperialism, explanations for imperialism vary widely. In spite of such literature, the historians Archibald Paton Thorton and Stuart Creighton Miller argue against the very coherence of the concept. Miller argues that the overuse and abuse of the term \"imperialism\" makes it nearly meaningless as an analytical concept. Pax Americana Pax Americana (Latin for \"American Peace\", modeled after \"Pax Romana\", \"Pax Britannica\", and \"Pax Mongolica\") is a term applied to the concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the world beginning around the middle of the 20th century, thought to be caused by the","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"18282933","text":"garrison into the hands of the Romans. The armies of the consuls then went on to conquer Apollonia and relieve Epidamnos (soon renamed Dyrrhachium), thus establishing the first Roman foothold on the Greek mainland. Battle of Paxos The Battle of Paxos was a naval battle between a coalition of Illyrian tribes with their Acarnanian allies, against the allies of Corcyra (modern Corfu), the Achaean League and Aetolian League. The battle took place in the spring of 229 BC and was a direct consequence to the siege of Corcyra by the forces of queen Teuta. Polybius describes a cunning maritime stratagem","title":"Battle of Paxos"},{"id":"549243","text":"people – a third of the world’s population. According to Cassius Dio, the dictatorial reign of Commodus, later followed by the Year of the Five Emperors and the crisis of the third century, marked the descent \"from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust\". The Pax Romana is said to have been a \"miracle\" because prior to it there had never been peace for so many centuries in a given period of history. However, Walter Goffart wrote: \"The volume of the \"Cambridge Ancient History\" for the years A.D. 70–192 is called 'The Imperial Peace', but peace is","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"366846","text":"Roman law Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the \"Corpus Juris Civilis\" (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it, including common law. After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire,","title":"Roman law"},{"id":"344112","text":"Rome. Since his rule ended a century of civil wars and began an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, he was so loved that he came to hold the power of a monarch \"de facto\" if not \"de jure\". During the years of his rule, a new constitutional order emerged (in part organically and in part by design), so that, upon his death, this new constitutional order operated as before when Tiberius was accepted as the new emperor. The 200 years that began with Augustus's rule is traditionally regarded as the \"Pax Romana\" (\"Roman Peace\"). During this period, the cohesion","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"1974003","text":"peace flag also became international peace symbols. The use of the olive branch as a symbol of peace in Western civilization dates at least to 5th century BC Greece. The olive branch, which the Greeks believed represented plenty and drove away evil spirits, was one of the attributes of Eirene, the Greek goddess of peace. Eirene (whom the Romans called Pax), appeared on Roman Imperial coins with an olive branch. The Roman poet Virgil (70–10 BC) associated \"the plump olive\" with Pax and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his \"Aeneid\": <poem>High on the stern","title":"Peace symbols"},{"id":"564734","text":"\"Leadership\", translated into Greek, renders \"hegemony\"; an alternative translation is \"archia\" – Greek common word for \"empire\". Having defined the US hegemony as \"not true\", Nye looks for an analogy to the true empire: Decline, he writes, is not necessarily imminent. \"Rome remained dominant for more than three centuries after the peak of its power ... In fact, there are striking parallels with the early \"Pax Romana\" (especially between 189 BC when the supremacy over the Mediterranean was won and the first annexation in 168 BC). Under that \"Pax Romana\" other states remained formally independent and very seldom were called","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"14275900","text":"part of the commander's ritual investiture with \"imperium\". It followed upon the sacrifices and vows the commander offered up on the Capitol, and was concomitant with his possession of the auspices for war. Festus notes elsewhere that the \"Salian virgins\", whose relation to the Salian priests is unclear, performed their rituals \"paludatae\", dressed in military garb. \"Pax\", though usually translated into English as \"peace,\" was a compact, bargain or agreement. In religious usage, the harmony or accord between the divine and human was the \"pax deorum\" or \"pax divom\" (\"the peace of the gods\" or \"divine peace\"). \"Pax deorum\" was","title":"Glossary of ancient Roman religion"},{"id":"16313156","text":"240-250 AD. Stamps were also found in Alphen aan den Rijn (\"Albaniana\"), Utrecht, Vechten (\"Fectio\") and Cologne (\"Colonia Agrippina\"). These were probably build by the material the soldiers of the 15th cohort fabricated. The civilians are formed by Batavians and Romans. The \"Batavi\" were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD. The Roman civilians distinguish themselves by the use of more 'Romanised' clothing, jewelry and haircuts. Pax Romana has multiple","title":"Pax Romana (reenactment)"},{"id":"366853","text":"all applicable rules or give legal solutions for all possible cases. Rather, the tables contained specific provisions designed to change the then-existing customary law. Although the provisions pertain to all areas of law, the largest part is dedicated to private law and civil procedure. Many laws include \"Lex Canuleia\" (445 BC; which allowed the marriage—\"ius connubii\"—between patricians and plebeians), \"Leges Licinae Sextiae\" (367 BC; which made restrictions on possession of public lands—\"ager publicus\"—and also made sure that one of the consuls was plebeian), \"Lex Ogulnia\" (300 BC; plebeians received access to priest posts), and \"Lex Hortensia\" (287 BC; verdicts of","title":"Roman law"},{"id":"4873671","text":"because she had given it the better gift. Olive wreaths were worn by brides and awarded to olympic victors. The olive branch was one of the attributes of Eirene on Roman Imperial coins. For example, the reverse of a tetradrachm of Vespasian from Alexandria, 70-71 CE, shows Eirene standing holding a branch upward in her right hand. The Roman poet Virgil (70-19 BC) associated \"the plump olive\" with the goddess Pax (the Roman Eirene) and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his \"Aeneid\": For the Romans, there was an intimate relationship between war and peace,","title":"Olive branch"},{"id":"564731","text":"stable, and durable. It has, over the past decade, provided the geopolitical framework for widespread economic growth and the spread of American principles of liberty and democracy. Yet no moment in international politics can be frozen in time; even a global \"Pax Americana\" will not preserve itself. [... What is required is] a military that is strong and ready to meet both present and future challenges; a foreign policy that boldly and purposefully promotes American principles abroad; and national leadership that accepts the United States' global responsibilities. This is reflected in the research of American exceptionalism, which shows that \"there","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"549245","text":"date: Sicily after 210 [BC], the Italian Peninsula after 200 [BC]; the Po Valley after 190 [BC]; most of the Iberian Peninsula after 133 [BC]; North Africa after 100 [BC]; and for ever longer stretches of time in the Greek East.\" The first known record of the term \"Pax Romana\" appears in a writing by Seneca the Younger in 55 AD. The concept was highly influential, and the subject of theories and attempts to copy it in subsequent ages. Arnaldo Momigliano noted that \"\"Pax Romana\" is a simple formula for propaganda, but a difficult subject for research.\" In fact, the","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"1778769","text":"Romans could read and know them. Some of the provisions are procedural to ensure fairness amongst all Romans in the courts, while other established legal terms dictating the legality of capital crimes, intentional homicide, treason, perjury, judicial corruption, and writing slanderous poems. The Romans valued keeping peace in the city and the Twelve Tables were a mechanism of establishing and continuing peace and equality. The laws the Twelve Tables covered were a way to publicly display rights that each citizen had in the public and private sphere. These Twelve Tables displayed what was previously understood in Roman society as the","title":"Twelve Tables"},{"id":"564714","text":"to enter on it. [...] There is in America little of that spirit of selfish aggression which lies at the heart of militarism. Here alone exists a broad basis for \"a new passionate sense of brotherhood, and a new scale of human values.\" We have a deep abhorrence of war for war's sake; we are not enamored of glamour or glory. We have a strong faith in the principle of self-government. We do not care to dominate alien peoples, white or colored; we do not aspire to be the Romans of tomorrow or the \"masters of the world.\" The idealism","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"564698","text":"with \"Pax Britannica\" (1815–1914) under the British Empire, which served as the global hegemon and constabulary from the late 18th century until the early 20th century. The first articulation of a \"Pax Americana\" occurred after the end of the American Civil War with reference to the peaceful nature of the North American geographical region, and was abeyant at the commencement of the First World War. Its emergence was concurrent with the development of the idea of American exceptionalism. This view holds that the U.S. occupies a special niche among developed nations in terms of its national credo, historical evolution, political","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"16313154","text":"school visits and film and TV projects in the form of advice, equipment and cast. As their members come from all over the Netherlands, the society has no primary base. There are currently (2015) around twenty members, of which about fifteen in Roman military life. The military members are encouraged to create a fictional character to portray at events. In order to provide the greatest degree of authenticity the group uses accurate reproductions of equipment, and strives to copy authentic haircuts, mannerisms and so on through research and under advice from archaeologists and historians. While the men mainly portray the","title":"Pax Romana (reenactment)"},{"id":"564700","text":"had no anxieties: no standing armies to require taxes and hinder labor; no wars or rumors of wars that would interrupt trade; there is not only peace, but security, for the Pax Americana of the Union covered all the states within the federal constitutional republic. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first time the phrase appeared in print was in the August 1894 issue of \"Forum\": \"The true cause for exultation is the universal outburst of patriotism in support of the prompt and courageous action of President Cleveland in maintaining the supremacy of law throughout the length and breadth","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"344174","text":"war machine by \"organizing the communities that they conquered in Italy into a system that generated huge reservoirs of manpower for their army... Their main demand of all defeated enemies was they provide men for the Roman army every year.\" The primary mission of the Roman military of the early empire was to preserve the Pax Romana. The three major divisions of the military were: The pervasiveness of military garrisons throughout the Empire was a major influence in the process of cultural exchange and assimilation known as \"Romanization,\" particularly in regard to politics, the economy, and religion. Knowledge of the","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"16313158","text":"the Revolt of Saturninus. The \"classis Germanica\" rendered outstanding services in multitudinous landing operations. In 46, a naval expedition made a push deep into the Black Sea region and even travelled on the Tanais. In 47 a revolt by the Chauci, who took to piratical activities along the Gallic coast, was subdued by Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo. By 57 an expeditionary corps reached Chersonesos (see Charax, Crimea). Gladiatorial combats are well known as public entertainment in ancient Roman times. Pax Romana currently has a retiarius, secutor, Thraex, hoplomachus and murmillo. The \"Cohortes Urbanae\" served as a police force in Rome and","title":"Pax Romana (reenactment)"},{"id":"18817066","text":"symbolic distractions from faith, although the pax is not singled out for much special disparagement in Protestant polemics. The only exception were the Anabaptists, who instead kissed on meeting both in normal life and at services; this only stiffened the disdain felt by other Protestants. By about 1600 the use of the Kiss of Peace had declined and changed in Catholic practice as well. No longer regarded as a general ceremony of reconciliation, but as one of greeting those deserving honour, it was now restricted to the clergy and the choir, as well as magistrates and male nobility. It was","title":"Pax (liturgical object)"},{"id":"5067479","text":"Pax (liturgy) In Christian liturgy, \"the Pax\" is an abbreviation of the Latin salutations \"\"pax vobis\"\" (\"peace to you\") or \"\"pax vobiscum\"\" (\"peace with you\"), which are used in the Catholic Mass and Lutheran Divine Service. Like the other liturgical salutations, \"e. g.\", \"\"Dominus vobiscum\"\", the \"Pax\" is of biblical origin. The Vulgate version of the Gospels contains such forms as \"\"veniet pax vestra\"\", \"\"pax vestra revertetur ad vos\"\" (literally, \"may your peace return to you\"; figuratively, \"let your peace rest on you\" or \"may you be treated with the peace with which you treat others\" ()), \"\"pax huic domui\"\"","title":"Pax (liturgy)"},{"id":"837424","text":"for Proserpina. Ceres bears a torch, sometimes two, and rides in a chariot drawn by snakes; or she sits on the sacred \"kiste\" (chest) that conceals the objects of her mystery rites. Sometimes she holds a caduceus, a symbol of Pax (Roman goddess of Peace). Augustan reliefs show her emergence, plant-like from the earth, her arms entwined by snakes, her outstretched hands bearing poppies and wheat, or her head crowned with fruits and vines. In free-standing statuary, she commonly wears a wheat-crown, or holds a wheat spray. Moneyers of the Republican era use Ceres' image, wheat ears and garlands to","title":"Ceres (mythology)"},{"id":"564699","text":"and religious institutions, and unique origins. The concept originates from Alexis de Tocqueville, who asserted that the then-50-year-old United States held a special place among nations because it was a country of immigrants and the first modern democracy. From the establishment of the United States after the American Revolution until the Spanish–American War, the foreign policy of the United States had a regional, instead of global, focus. The Pax Americana, which the Union enforced upon the states of central North America, was a factor in the United States' national prosperity. The larger states were surrounded by smaller states, but these","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"344183","text":"Roman and local law was thought to reflect an underlying \"ius gentium\", the \"law of nations\" or international law regarded as common and customary among all human communities. If the particulars of provincial law conflicted with Roman law or custom, Roman courts heard appeals, and the emperor held final authority to render a decision. In the West, law had been administered on a highly localized or tribal basis, and private property rights may have been a novelty of the Roman era, particularly among Celtic peoples. Roman law facilitated the acquisition of wealth by a pro-Roman elite who found their new","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"20611086","text":"delivered in a range of Spanish-speaking countries. The third generation of the PAA assesses students on three components: Verbal Reasoning, Mathematical Reasoning, and Indirect Writing. Scores on each section range from 200 to 800. The fourth generation of the PAA, launched in Puerto Rico in December 2017, assesses three components: Reading and Writing, Mathematics, and English as a Second Language. A 200- to 800-point scale is used for each component. This use of scaled scoring for a test score is typical of many assessments, as it facilitates score reporting after test equating. Research has supported the reliability and validity of","title":"PAA (test)"},{"id":"6944882","text":"Pagus In the later Western Roman Empire, following the reorganization of Diocletian, a pagus (compare French \"pays\", Spanish \"pago\", \"a region, terroir\") became the smallest administrative district of a province. By that time the word had long been in use with various meanings. Smith's \"Dictionary\" says of it, \"The meaning of this word cannot be given in precise and absolute terms, partly because we can have no doubt that its significance varied greatly between the earliest and the later times of Roman history, partly because of its application by Latin writers to similar, but not identical, communities outside Italy ...\"","title":"Pagus"},{"id":"3766367","text":"Pax Sinica Pax Sinica (Latin for \"Chinese peace\") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase \"Pax Romana\", applied to the period of peace in East Asia, maintained by Chinese hegemony. During this period, long-distance trade flourished, cities ballooned, standards of living rose, and the population surged. It is usually the period of rule by the Western Zhou, Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties. During these periods, China maintained the dominant civilization in the region, due to its political, economic, military and cultural power. The Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China coincided with the Pax Romana","title":"Pax Sinica"},{"id":"1447097","text":"Pax Britannica Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\", modelled after \"Pax Romana\") was the period of relative peace between the Great Powers during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force. Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's \"imperial century\", around of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival, other than perhaps Russia in central Asia. When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans, the British and French defeated","title":"Pax Britannica"},{"id":"7562107","text":"Ager publicus The ager publicus (, \"public land\") is the Latin name for the public land of Ancient Rome. It was usually acquired via the means of expropriation from enemies of Rome. In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the \"ager publicus\" was used for Roman and (after 338 BC) Latin colonies. Later tradition held that as far back as the 5th century BC, the Patrician and Plebeian classes disputed the rights of the rich to exploit the land, and in 367 BC two Plebeian Tribunes, Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius Sextinus Lateranus promulgated a law","title":"Ager publicus"},{"id":"349288","text":"were held on the ninth day. Each month was presided over by a particular, usually major deity. The oldest calendars were lunar, structured around the most significant periods in the agricultural cycle, and the religious duties required to yield a good harvest. Before any campaign or battle, Roman commanders took auspices, or haruspices, to seek the gods' opinion regarding the likely outcome. Military success was achieved through a combination of personal and collective \"virtus\" (roughly, \"manly virtue\") and divine will. Triumphal generals dressed as Jupiter Capitolinus, and laid their victor's laurels at his feet. Religious negligence, or lack of \"virtus\",","title":"Roman Republic"},{"id":"7532382","text":"to the unchallenged rule of a single dominant power, which Tony hopes to achieve within the Soprano family. Pax Romana was an era initiated by the Roman emperor Augustus, mentioned by Tony in his conversation with Uncle Junior. In 2015, Alan Sepinwall argued that \"Pax Soprana\" is \"so fraught with discomfort and complications with both family and Family (and whatever separate sphere Melfi occupies) that it's nearly as compelling in its own right as last week's Very Special Episode.\" Todd VanDerWerff of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote that the episode \"isn't a tremendous hour of television like 'College' was, but it","title":"Pax Soprana"},{"id":"579700","text":"Appian Way The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: \"Via Appia\") is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy. Its importance is indicated by its common name, recorded by Statius: The road is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor who began and completed the first section as a military road to the south in 312 BC during the Samnite Wars. The Appian Way was used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 B.C. The Appian Way","title":"Appian Way"},{"id":"350621","text":"Roman roads Roman roads (Latin: \"viae Romanae\" IPA: ; singular: \"via Romana\" IPA: ; meaning \"Roman way\") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. They provided efficient means for the overland movement of armies, officials, and civilians, and the inland carriage of official communications and trade goods. Roman roads were of several kinds, ranging from small local roads to broad, long-distance highways built to connect cities, major towns and military bases. These major roads","title":"Roman roads"},{"id":"349129","text":"Roman Republic The Roman Republic (, ; ) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society under the Republic was a cultural mix of Latin, Etruscan, and Greek elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organisation was strongly influenced by the Greek city states of Magna Graecia, with collective","title":"Roman Republic"},{"id":"16313157","text":"projects portraying different types of Roman military units. The \"Classis Germanica\" was established in 12 BC by Drusus at Castra Vetera. It controlled the Rhine river, and was mainly a fluvial fleet, although it also operated in the North Sea. It is noteworthy that the Romans' initial lack of experience with the tides of the ocean left Drusus' fleet stranded on the Zuyder Zee. After ca. 30 AD, the fleet moved its main base to the \"castrum\" of Alteburg, some 4 km south of \"Colonia Agrippinensis\" (modern Cologne). Later granted the honorifics \"Augusta Pia Fidelis Domitiana\" following the suppression of","title":"Pax Romana (reenactment)"},{"id":"2528249","text":"much higher status as a form of respect, camaraderie, or propaganda. After the fall of the Republic, Roman emperors initially referred to themselves only as \"princeps\" despite having power of life and death over their \"fellow citizens\". Various modern figures such as the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the prime minister of parliamentary regimes, the Federal President of Switzerland, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Chief Justice of the Philippines, the Archbishop of Canterbury of the Anglican Communion and the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church fall under both senses: bearing higher status and various additional powers","title":"Primus inter pares"},{"id":"6944890","text":"\"Gau\". In Latin texts, a canton of the Helvetic Confederacy is rendered \"pagus\". Pagus In the later Western Roman Empire, following the reorganization of Diocletian, a pagus (compare French \"pays\", Spanish \"pago\", \"a region, terroir\") became the smallest administrative district of a province. By that time the word had long been in use with various meanings. Smith's \"Dictionary\" says of it, \"The meaning of this word cannot be given in precise and absolute terms, partly because we can have no doubt that its significance varied greatly between the earliest and the later times of Roman history, partly because of its","title":"Pagus"},{"id":"19677394","text":"Pax Mafiosa The Pax Mafiosa is a term describing a state of relative non-violence in the territories of organized crime groups caused by agreements not to interfere in criminal activities. The \"peace\" has been described as a state of relative non-violence. This is generated from an agreement between different competing organized crime groups to not compete in criminal activity and territory, leading to a stable peace. Governmental authorities may also agree to this peace for their citizens, by non-interference in drug trafficking and other criminal activities. Conversely, organized crime groups benefit from reduced competition and risk, and non-harassment of their","title":"Pax Mafiosa"},{"id":"6914535","text":"Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain is a real-time strategy video game. The game emphasizes empire building and customization. \"Pax Imperia\" is a Latin term, meaning peace from empire. See also: Pax Romana. Other examples of \"Pax\" include, but are not limited to: Pax Britannica, Pax Americana, and Pax Sinica. Instead of using a single large map as do most of the current real-time strategy games, Pax Imperia\" revolves around star systems connected by wormholes or jump points, which connect a system of star systems in a large web. The game allowed for the player to customise the","title":"Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain"},{"id":"564715","text":"of Americans centers in the future of America, wherein we hope to work out those principles of liberty and democracy to which we are committed This political idealism, this strain of pacifism, this abstinence from aggression and desire to be left alone to work out our own destiny, has been manifest from the birth of the republic. We have not always followed our light, but we have never been utterly faithless to it. It was observed during this time that the initial defeat of Germany opened a moral recasting of the world. The battles between Germans and Allies were seen","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"8830111","text":"with the period after World War I, when only Asia Minor and Eastern Thrace remained under Turkish rule. The term is derived by analogy from the more common \"Pax Romana\", \"the Roman Peace\". Pax Ottomana In historiography, the Pax Ottomana (literally \"the Ottoman Peace\") or Pax Ottomanica is the economic and social stability attained in the conquered provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which, at the height of the Empire's power during the 16th and 17th centuries, applied to lands in the Balkans, Anatolia, the Middle East, North Africa and the Caucasus. The term is preferred in particular by historians and","title":"Pax Ottomana"},{"id":"5155660","text":"Pari passu Pari passu is a Latin phrase that literally means \"with an equal step\" or \"on equal footing\". It is sometimes translated as \"ranking equally\", \"hand-in-hand\", \"with equal force\", or \"moving together\", and by extension, \"fairly\", \"without partiality\". This term is commonly used in law. \"Black's Law Dictionary\" (8th ed., 2004) defines \"pari passu\" as \"proportionally; at an equal pace; without preference\". In inheritance, an \"in pari passu\" (\"per capita\") distribution can be distinguished from a \"per stirpes\" (by family branch) distribution. For example, suppose a testator had two children A and B. A has two children, and B","title":"Pari passu"},{"id":"344106","text":"Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world. Its adoption of Christianity led to the formation of Christendom during the Middle Ages. Classical and Roman art had a profound impact on the late medieval Italian Renaissance, while Rome's republican institutions influenced the political development of later republics such as the United States. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Neoclassical architecture. The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time. It was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"344302","text":"man who \"survived the end of his world\". Religion in the Roman Empire encompassed the practices and beliefs the Romans regarded as their own, as well as the many cults imported to Rome or practised by peoples throughout the provinces. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety \"(pietas)\" in maintaining good relations with the gods \"(pax deorum)\". The archaic religion believed to have been handed down from the earliest kings of Rome was the foundation of the \"mos maiorum\", \"the way of the ancestors\" or \"tradition\", viewed","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"14859770","text":"the Emperor Augustus Caesar sent an army to conquer the last Ligurian tribes, around modern Sisteron, Digne, Castellane and in other mountainous valleys, who still resisted Roman domination. In 8 BC the Emperor Augustus built a triumphal monument at La Turbie to commemorate the final pacification of the region. The \"Pax Romana\", or Roman Peace, in Provence lasted for nearly three centuries. During this period, all of Provence, from the Alps to the Pyrenées for the first time had the same language, administration, currency and culture. Residents of Provence felt secure enough to give up their fortified hilltop towns and","title":"History of Provence"},{"id":"366864","text":"the west. Classical law was replaced by so-called vulgar law. The Roman Republic's constitution or \"mos maiorum\" (\"custom of the ancestors\") was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent. Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in constitutions to this day. Examples include checks and balances, the separation of powers, vetoes, filibusters, quorum requirements, term limits, impeachments, the powers of the purse, and regularly scheduled elections. Even some lesser used modern constitutional concepts, such as the block voting found in the electoral college of the United States, originate from ideas found in the","title":"Roman law"},{"id":"8953472","text":"of the emperors - idealizations summarizing all the virtues that should be possessed by the exceptional man worthy of governing the Empire. In earlier portraits, Augustus allowed himself to be portrayed in monarchical fashion, but amended these with later more diplomatic images that represented him as \"primus inter pares\". The head and neck were produced separately in Parian marble and inserted to the torso. The statue's iconography is frequently compared to that of the \"carmen saeculare\" by Horace, and commemorates Augustus's establishment of the Pax Romana. The breastplate is carved in relief with numerous small figures depicting the return, thanks","title":"Augustus of Prima Porta"},{"id":"366884","text":"in civil law jurisdictions. As steps towards a unification of the private law in the member states of the European Union are being taken, the old \"jus commune\", which was the common basis of legal practice everywhere in Europe, but allowed for many local variants, is seen by many as a model. Roman law Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the \"Corpus Juris Civilis\" (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic","title":"Roman law"},{"id":"344128","text":"throughout the Empire, but was not imposed officially on peoples brought under Roman rule. This policy contrasts with that of Alexander the Great, who aimed to impose Greek throughout his empire as the official language. As a consequence of Alexander's conquests, koine Greek had become the shared language around the eastern Mediterranean and into Asia Minor. The \"linguistic frontier\" dividing the Latin West and the Greek East passed through the Balkan peninsula. Romans who received an elite education studied Greek as a literary language, and most men of the governing classes could speak Greek. The Julio-Claudian emperors encouraged high standards","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"18282925","text":"Battle of Paxos The Battle of Paxos was a naval battle between a coalition of Illyrian tribes with their Acarnanian allies, against the allies of Corcyra (modern Corfu), the Achaean League and Aetolian League. The battle took place in the spring of 229 BC and was a direct consequence to the siege of Corcyra by the forces of queen Teuta. Polybius describes a cunning maritime stratagem mastered by the Illyrian fleet. The Illyrians took four triremes and sank a quinquereme, while the rest of the Greeks managed to escape. This resulted in the Illyrian forces establishing a garrison in Corcyra,","title":"Battle of Paxos"},{"id":"11917331","text":"Roman de Gare Crossed Tracks () is a 2007 French film directed by Claude Lelouch (who appears in credits as Hervé Picard). The film follows a novelist, her ghost writer, and a wayward young woman as a chance encounter at a rest stop interrupts the delicate balance of their lives. French actor Dominique Pinon received wide praise for his rare turn as the film's leading man. The title is French slang for \"trashy novel one reads in a train or train station\" similar to the English phrase \"airport novel\". As the movie opens, a woman writer with a recently bestselling","title":"Roman de Gare"},{"id":"11179889","text":"Eirene (goddess) Eirene (; , \"Eirēnē\", , \"Peace\"), more commonly known in English as Peace, was one of the Horae, the personification of peace. She was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, sceptre, and a torch or rhyton. She is said sometimes to be the daughter of Zeus and Themis and sister of Dike and Eunomia. Her Roman equivalent was Pax. Eirene was particularly well regarded by the citizens of Athens. After a naval victory over Sparta in 375 BC, the Athenians established a cult for Peace, erecting altars to her. They held an annual","title":"Eirene (goddess)"},{"id":"549252","text":"Greek city states maintained their political identity and more importantly, embryos of their own armed forces. Aron notes that during the Pax Romana, the Jewish war was a reminder that the overlapping of the imperial institutions over the local ones did not erase them and the overlap was a source of tension and flare-ups. Aron summarizes that, \"In other words, \"imperial peace\" becomes civil peace insofar as the memory of the previously independent political units are effaced, insofar as individuals within a pacified zone feel themselves less united to the traditional or local community and more to the conquering state.\"","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"349240","text":"powers (consuls and praetors). It also elected censors. Only the Comitia Centuriata could declare war, and ratify the results of a census. It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases. The assembly of the tribes (i.e., the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would","title":"Roman Republic"},{"id":"2528248","text":"Primus inter pares Primus inter pares (, ) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but are accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office. Historically, the \"princeps senatus\" of the Roman Senate was such a figure and initially bore only the distinction that he was allowed to speak first during debate. Also, Constantine the Great was given the role of \"primus inter pares\". However, the term is also often used ironically or self-deprecatingly by leaders with","title":"Primus inter pares"},{"id":"20680145","text":"Dioceses, religious orders, church congregations and their social services, but does accept private customers. , the bank has 190 members of staff at the Cologne headquarter and six branches in German and representative office in Rome in close proximity to the Vatican. It has approximately 30,000 customers (private/institutions). The bank focuses on socially responsible investing (e.g. microfinance investments) and investment management. It also provides LIGA Pay Union Funds, real estate consultation, EU-development funds, fundraising and foundation consultation services. The bank itself says that ethics and sustainability are important to its business and determines the economic actions it takes in the","title":"Pax-Bank"},{"id":"18817065","text":"was circulating from 1286, do not mention the pax. But the first vernacular translation, in French from 1382, has an inserted mention of \"la paix porter\". A synod in Prague in 1355 is the first mention from the Holy Roman Empire; the synod recommended that the pax should be introduced if congregations were reluctant to exchange actual kisses. Other evidence, including surviving paxes, shows it spread at least to Italy, Germany and Spain, and was probably standard in Western European churches by the Reformation. In Protestantism the pax, and all thought of actual kisses was abandoned as useless and undesirable","title":"Pax (liturgical object)"},{"id":"378336","text":"BC and 25 May 567 BC (the date of the third triumph is not legible on the \"Fasti\"). Most of the reforms credited to Servius extended voting rights to certain groups — in particular to Rome's citizen-commoners (known in the Republican era as plebs), minor landholders hitherto disqualified from voting by ancestry, status or ethnicity. The same reforms simultaneously defined the fiscal and military obligations of all Roman citizens. As a whole, the so-called Servian reforms probably represent a long-drawn, complex and piecemeal process of populist policy and reform, extending from Servius' predecessors, Ancus Marcius and Tarquinius Priscus, to his","title":"Servius Tullius"},{"id":"15897440","text":"Lusitania), since it was located on a strategic roadway junction with connection Myrtilis Iulia (a harbor city along the Guadiana river). Sometime between 31 and 27 B.C., during the reign of the emperor Augustus, the city was granted the status of \"municipium\" following the Battle of Actium, and the colonists ascribed to the \"gens Galeria\". It was at this time that a new designation began to appear: \"Pax Augusta\" (referring to the \"peace of Augustus\") as mentioned by Strabo. Archeology excavations during the 20th century uncovered the remains of a large Roman temple, , dating to the first century A.D.","title":"Pax Julia"},{"id":"16313153","text":"Pax Romana (reenactment) Pax Romana is a Classical reenactment society based in the Netherlands, with the main goal to show Romans in the Netherlands as they would have lived in the last quarter of the first century AD. The group was set up in 2007 by a group of Ancient Rome enthusiasts, including archaeologists and a Latinist. The group is member of the Landelijk Platform voor Levende Geschiedenis. Pax Romana works as a living history and re-enactment group. The goal is primarily education and is put into practice through the medium of displays (military encampments and civilian cooking and crafts),","title":"Pax Romana (reenactment)"},{"id":"5099885","text":"swore allegiance to Octavian Augustus and was then organized in eleven regions from the Alps to the Ionian Sea. More than two centuries of stability followed, during which Italy was referred to as the \"rectrix mundi\" (queen of the world) and \"omnium terrarum parens\" (motherland of all lands). Several emperors made notable accomplishments in this period: Claudius incorporated Britain into the Roman Empire, Vespasian subjugated the Great Revolt of Judea and reformed the financial system, Trajan conquered Dacia and defeated Parthia, and Marcus Aurelius epitomized the ideal of the philosopher king. The crisis of the third century hit Italy particularly","title":"Roman Italy"},{"id":"19866370","text":"city, such as Roma, the patron deity of the city, or the Roman eagle. That was useful as the Roman world expanded and symbols of Rome became more important in maintaining unity. By the 1st century AD, the she-wolf was common in both Rome and the provinces. She and the twins were featured on the elaborate Ara Pacis, built in honor of Augustus and dedicated to Pax, the goddess of peace. Coins with their depiction were minted and widely circulated. They were also produced in Roman Colonies as a way to express their own \"Roman-ness\". They have been found on","title":"She-wolf (Roman mythology)"},{"id":"15897439","text":"Pax Julia Pax Iulia (also known as \"Colonia Civitas Pacensis\") was a city in the Roman province of Lusitania (today situated in the Portuguese municipality of Beja). The region was inhabited during 400 B.C. by Celtic tribes, but there are indications that Carthaginian settlers occupied the territory, from the writings of 2nd century scholars Polybius and Claudius Ptolemy. In 48 B.C., it was renamed \"Pax Iulia\" (referring to the \"peace of the \"gens\" Julia\") by Julius Caesar following the peace between Rome and the Lusitani. The settlement became the centre of the \"conventus iuridicus\" Pacensis, (in the Roman province of","title":"Pax Julia"},{"id":"349304","text":"from their mothers in the art of spinning, weaving, and sewing. Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200. Education began at the age of around six, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing and counting. By the age of twelve, they would be learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking. Effective oratory and good Latin were highly valued among the elite, and were essential to a career in law or politics. In the 3rd century, Greek art taken as","title":"Roman Republic"},{"id":"148759","text":"the Bulgarian national motto \"Union gives strength\" (Съединението прави силата). However, bundled birch twigs could also symbolise corporal punishment (see birching). The \"fasces lictoriae\" (\"bundles of the lictors\") symbolised power and authority (\"imperium\") in ancient Rome, beginning with the early Roman Kingdom and continuing through the republican and imperial periods. By republican times, use of the fasces was surrounded with tradition and protocol. A corps of \"apparitores\" (subordinate officials) called lictors each carried fasces before a magistrate, in a number corresponding to his rank. Lictors preceded consuls (and proconsuls), praetors (and propraetors), dictators, curule aediles, quaestors, and the Flamen Dialis","title":"Fasces"},{"id":"344136","text":"create a sense of shared identity while encompassing diverse peoples within its political system over a long span of time. The Roman attention to creating public monuments and communal spaces open to all—such as forums, amphitheatres, racetracks and baths—helped foster a sense of \"Romanness\". Roman society had multiple, overlapping social hierarchies that modern concepts of \"class\" in English may not represent accurately. The two decades of civil war from which Augustus rose to sole power left traditional society in Rome in a state of confusion and upheaval, but did not effect an immediate redistribution of wealth and social power. From","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"5067483","text":"of the use of \"\"pax\"\". In Christian epigraphy, there are a variety of formulae: \"\"pax\"\"; \"\"in pace\"\"; \"\"pax tecum\"\"; \"\"vivas in pace\"\"; \"\"requiescat in pace\"\"; \"\"pax Christi tecum sit\"\"; \"\"anima dulcissima requiescas in pace\"\"; \"\"dormit in pace\"\"; and \"\"in locum refrigerii, lucis et pacis\"\" (from the formula of the Mass at the Momento of the Dead). For the formula Pax and other formulas in funeral epigraphy: Pax (liturgy) In Christian liturgy, \"the Pax\" is an abbreviation of the Latin salutations \"\"pax vobis\"\" (\"peace to you\") or \"\"pax vobiscum\"\" (\"peace with you\"), which are used in the Catholic Mass and Lutheran","title":"Pax (liturgy)"},{"id":"366854","text":"plebeian assemblies—\"plebiscita\"—now bind all people). Another important statute from the Republican era is the \"Lex Aquilia\" of 286 BC, which may be regarded as the root of modern tort law. However, Rome's most important contribution to European legal culture was not the enactment of well-drafted statutes, but the emergence of a class of professional jurists (\"prudentes\", sing. \"prudens\", or \"jurisprudentes\") and of a legal science. This was achieved in a gradual process of applying the scientific methods of Greek philosophy to the subject of law, a subject which the Greeks themselves never treated as a science. Traditionally, the origins of","title":"Roman law"},{"id":"6961345","text":"Theodosianus established between the \"Labarum\" and the Cantabrarii, the school of Roman soldiers in charge of carrying the \"Cantabrum\". Additionally, and according to the definition of the Royal Academy of the Spanish language, labarum is the Roman standard (as in military ceremonial flag) on which, under Emperor Constantin's rule, the cross and the Monogram of Christ (XP: Chi-Rho) was drawn. By association of ideas, labarum can refer just to the monogram itself, or even just the cross. Etymologically, the word comes from \"(p)lab-\" which means \"to speak\" in a number of Celtic languages, many of which have derivatives. For example,","title":"Cantabrian labarum"},{"id":"549244","text":"not what one finds in its pages\". Arthur M. Eckstein writes that the period must be seen in contrast to the much more frequent warfare in the Roman Republic in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Eckstein also notes that the incipient Pax Romana appeared during the Republic, and that its temporal span varied with geographical region as well: \"Although the standard textbook dates for the Pax Romana, the famous “Roman Peace” in the Mediterranean, are 31 BC to AD 250, the fact is that the Roman Peace was emerging in large regions of the Mediterranean at a much earlier","title":"Pax Romana"},{"id":"344218","text":"conform to imperial ideals, while also expressing their individual identity and regional preeminence. In the areas of the western Empire inhabited by Celtic-speaking peoples, Rome encouraged the development of urban centres with stone temples, forums, monumental fountains, and amphitheatres, often on or near the sites of the preexisting walled settlements known as \"oppida\". Urbanization in Roman Africa expanded on Greek and Punic cities along the coast. The network of cities throughout the Empire (\"coloniae\", \"municipia\", \"civitates\" or in Greek terms \"poleis\") was a primary cohesive force during the Pax Romana. Romans of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD were encouraged","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"2846350","text":"of the imperial family, were common. In art, Concordia was depicted sitting, wearing a long cloak and holding onto a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace). She was often shown in between two other figures, such as standing between two members of the Imperial family shaking hands. She was associated with a pair of female deities, such as Pax and Salus, or Securitas and Fortuna. She was also paired with Hercules and Mercury, representing \"Security and Luck\" respectively. The oldest Temple of Concord, built in 367 BC by Marcus Furius Camillus, stood","title":"Concordia (mythology)"},{"id":"18817062","text":"Italian and German. The modern term \"pax tablet\" may be used, especially by church historians, where art historians mostly favour \"pax\". \"Osculatory\" is used in some 19th-century sources, and some claim that this refers to a pendant form, worn round the neck by the priest. This does not appear in most modern scholarship, though given a one-line entry by \"Oxford Art Online\". Translators unfamiliar with the concept may introduce still further names into English. \"Kusstafel\" (\"kiss-board\") is one of the German names. The Kiss of Peace was included in the Mass of the Western Church from the 2nd century at","title":"Pax (liturgical object)"},{"id":"1778777","text":"is a woman's legal status and standing in society. Women were considered to be a form of guardianship similar to that of minors, and sections on ownership and possession give off the impression that women were considered to be akin to a piece of real estate or property due to the use of terms such as \"ownership\" and \"possession\". The Twelve Tables are often cited as the foundation for ancient Roman law. Although faced with many issues, the Twelve Tables provided a premature understanding of some key concepts such as justice, equality, and punishment. While these ideas were not fully","title":"Twelve Tables"},{"id":"344182","text":"to have some official capacity, such as a procurator or a military officer, including centurions down to the lowly \"stationarii\" or military police. Roman courts held original jurisdiction over cases involving Roman citizens throughout the empire, but there were too few judicial functionaries to impose Roman law uniformly in the provinces. Most parts of the Eastern empire already had well-established law codes and juridical procedures. In general, it was Roman policy to respect the \"mos regionis\" (\"regional tradition\" or \"law of the land\") and to regard local laws as a source of legal precedent and social stability. The compatibility of","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"3274581","text":"introduced by Ögedei Khan in 1234 and supplied fresh horses and fodder. His brothers Chagatai Khan and Tolui and his nephew Batu Khan further extended this network. The Mongol army administered the Yam. The Yam stretched across Mongol territory from Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean. The routes were well organised, funded, maintained, and administrated by the Mongols. This highly sophisticated system of communication and travel made it relatively easy to send important messages and travel long distances in relatively short amounts of time. As a result of the relatively lucid communication and ease of movement, the Mongols were able","title":"Pax Mongolica"},{"id":"344140","text":"throughout the Republic and Empire, but did not vote, hold political office, or serve in the military. A mother's citizen status determined that of her children, as indicated by the phrase \"ex duobus civibus Romanis natos\" (\"children born of two Roman citizens\"). A Roman woman kept her own family name \"(nomen)\" for life. Children most often took the father's name, but in the Imperial period sometimes made their mother's name part of theirs, or even used it instead. The archaic form of \"manus\" marriage in which the woman had been subject to her husband's authority was largely abandoned by the","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"564725","text":"mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a \"Pax Americana\" enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, and the kind that enables men and nations to grow, and to hope, and build a better life for their children—not merely peace for Americans but peace for all men and women, not merely peace in our time but peace in all time. Beginning around the Vietnam War,","title":"Pax Americana"},{"id":"344303","text":"as central to Roman identity. There was no principle analogous to \"separation of church and state\". The priesthoods of the state religion were filled from the same social pool of men who held public office, and in the Imperial era, the Pontifex Maximus was the emperor. Roman religion was practical and contractual, based on the principle of \"do ut des\", \"I give that you might give.\" Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and its relation to","title":"Roman Empire"},{"id":"16284457","text":"Martha wanted him to go there. So they put him in this thing with monks and nuns; they were trying to rehabilitate him.\" Minaj debuted the character live during a controversial performance at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. \"Roman Holiday\" is a fast-paced Hindi hip-hop and pop rap and song influenced by opera music that runs for four minutes and five seconds. It features a complex production, utilizing elements such as rattling sound effects, sonic drops, synths, and laser's The song also references the traditional hymn \"Oh Come All Ye Faithful\". The song received comparisons to \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" by Queen,","title":"Roman Holiday (song)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"id\": \"549242\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for \\\"Roman Peace\\\") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the \\\"good emperors\\\". Since it was inaugurated by Augustus with the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. During this period of approximately 206 years (27 BC to AD 180), the Roman empire achieved its greatest territorial extent and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549246\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Pax Romana\\\" was broken by the First Jewish–Roman War, the Kitos War (also in Judea, 115–117), the Bar Kokhba Revolt (also known as the Third Jewish–Roman War), the Roman–Parthian War of 58–63, Trajan's Roman–Parthian War of 113, the Dacian Wars, various battles with Germanic tribes, including the Teutoburg Forest, and Boudica's war in Britain in AD 60 or 61. The Pax Romana began when Octavian (Augustus) defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium on 2 September 31 BC and became Roman emperor. He became princeps, or \\\"first citizen\\\". Lacking a good precedent of successful one-man rule, Augustus\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549249\",\n \"text\": \"had been beaten down and lost the ability to resist. Augustus' challenge was to persuade Romans that the prosperity they could achieve in the absence of warfare was better for the Empire than the potential wealth and honor acquired when fighting a risky war. Augustus succeeded by means of skillful propaganda. Subsequent emperors followed his lead, sometimes producing lavish ceremonies to close the Gates of Janus, issuing coins with Pax on the reverse, and patronizing literature extolling the benefits of the Pax Romana. After Augustus' death in 14 AD, most of his successors as Roman emperors continued his politics. The\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549248\",\n \"text\": \"BC with the commissioning of the Ara Pacis. At the time of the Ludi Saeculares in 17 BC the Concept of Peace was publicised, and in 13 BC was proclaimed when Augustus and Agrippa jointly returned from pacifying the provinces. The order to construct the Ara Pacis was no doubt part of this announcement. Augustus faced a problem making peace an acceptable mode of life for the Romans, who had been at war with one power or another continuously for 200 years. Romans regarded peace not as an absence of war, but the rare situation which existed when all opponents\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4583193\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Syriana Pax Syriana (Lat., \\\"Syrian Peace\\\") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase \\\"Pax Romana\\\", used in the study of international relations in Western Asia, usually pertaining to efforts by Syria to influence its neighbors, particularly Lebanon. The idea behind Pax Syriana is that Syria, through diplomacy and military strength, could secure peace in Lebanon. An earlier reference was published in \\\"Time\\\" magazine in 1976, referring to Syrian efforts to impose a truce during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. It has recently been used to refer to the period between 1990 and 2005 when\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Syriana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"12469874\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Movimiento Internacional de Estudiantes Católicos\\\" in Spanish). \\\"Pax Romana\\\" (Latin) refers to over 200 years of peace during the days of the Roman Empire, including the life of Christ. The motto of Pax Romana is \\\"\\\"Pax Christi in regno Christi\\\"\\\" (Latin), which translates to \\\"peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ\\\". In 1921, student leaders from 23 countries met in Fribourg, Switzerland to create what is today the International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS/MIEC). They felt compelled to form an international union to organize for peace after the world had been shaken by World War I. Between the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2846349\",\n \"text\": \"Concordia (mythology) In ancient Roman religion, Concordia is the goddess who embodies agreement in marriage and society. Her Greek equivalent is usually regarded as Harmonia, with musical harmony a metaphor for an ideal of social concord or \\\"entente\\\" in the political discourse of the Republican era. She was thus often associated with Pax (\\\"Peace\\\") in representing a stable society. As such, she is more closely related to the Greek concept of \\\"homonoia\\\" (likemindedness), which was also represented by a goddess. Concordia Augusta was cultivated in the context of Imperial cult. Dedicatory inscriptions to her, on behalf of emperors and members\",\n \"title\": \"Concordia (mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549247\",\n \"text\": \"created a junta of the greatest military magnates and stood as the front man. By binding together these leading magnates in a coalition, he eliminated the prospect of civil war. The Pax Romana was not immediate, despite the end of the civil wars, because fighting continued in Hispania and in the Alps. Nevertheless, Augustus closed the Gates of Janus (a ceremony indicating that Rome was at peace) three times, first in 29 BC and again in 25 BC. The third closure is undocumented, but Inez Scott Ryberg (1949) and Gaius Stern (2006) have persuasively dated the third closure to 13\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549253\",\n \"text\": \"The concept of Pax Romana was highly influential, and attempts to imitate it occurred in the Byzantine Empire, and in the Christian West, where it morphed into the Peace and Truce of God (\\\"pax Dei\\\" and \\\"treuga Dei\\\"). A theoretician of the imperial peace during the Middle Ages was Dante Aligheri. Dante's works on the topic were analyzed at the beginning of the 20th century by William Mitchell Ramsay in the book \\\"The Imperial Peace; An Ideal in European History\\\" (1913). Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for \\\"Roman Peace\\\") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1559283\",\n \"text\": \"Ara Pacis The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, \\\"Altar of Augustan Peace\\\"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. The monument was commissioned by the Roman Senate on July 4, 13 BC to honor the return of Augustus to Rome after three years in Hispania and Gaul, and consecrated on January 30, 9 BC. Originally located on the northern outskirts of Rome, a Roman mile from the boundary of the \\\"pomerium\\\" on the west side of the Via Flaminia, it stood in the northeastern corner of the Campus Martius, the\",\n \"title\": \"Ara Pacis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7532381\",\n \"text\": \"progress in therapy instead of love. Carmela expresses a jealousy towards Melfi that she's never felt about Tony's mistresses. Later, she tells Tony that she wants to be the woman in his life to help him, and Tony agrees. Later, at a banquet to Junior, FBI agents disguised as servers take photos of the event with button cameras. The FBI assumes that Tony remains a \\\"capo\\\" under Junior. The title is a reference to Pax Romana (Roman peace) and related terms (Pax Britannica, Pax Americana etc.), which refer to a lack of conflict over a long period of time due\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Soprana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1559318\",\n \"text\": \"a good one.\\\" The mayor’s office said Alemanno hopes to complete the project before the end of his term in 2013. Ara Pacis The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, \\\"Altar of Augustan Peace\\\"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. The monument was commissioned by the Roman Senate on July 4, 13 BC to honor the return of Augustus to Rome after three years in Hispania and Gaul, and consecrated on January 30, 9 BC. Originally located on the northern outskirts of Rome, a Roman mile from the boundary of\",\n \"title\": \"Ara Pacis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564718\",\n \"text\": \"modern \\\"Pax Americana\\\" may be seen as similar to the period of peace in Rome, \\\"Pax Romana\\\". In both situations, the period of peace was 'relative peace'. During both \\\"Pax Romana\\\" and \\\"Pax Americana\\\" wars continued to occur, but it was still a prosperous time for both Western and Roman civilizations. It is important to note that during these periods, and most other times of relative tranquility, the peace that is referred to does not mean complete peace. Rather, it simply means that the civilization prospered in their military, agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. From the end of the Napoleonic Wars\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8371883\",\n \"text\": \"infused with all the religious imagery and richness of the word \\\"shalom\\\" in the Hebrew Bible that had evolved over the history of the Jewish people. Subsequently, the use of the Greek Bible as the basis for St. Jerome’s Vulgate translation into Latin then brought all the new meanings of \\\"eirene\\\" to the Latin word \\\"pax\\\" and transformed it from a term for an imposed order of the sword, the \\\"Pax Romana\\\", into the chief image of peace for Western Christianity. The Gospels present the birth of Jesus as ushering in a new age of peace. In Luke, Zechariah celebrates\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic peace traditions\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564696\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Americana Pax Americana (Latin for \\\"American Peace\\\", modeled after \\\"Pax Romana\\\", \\\"Pax Britannica\\\", and \\\"Pax Mongolica\\\") is a term applied to the concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the world beginning around the middle of the 20th century, thought to be caused by the preponderance of power enjoyed by the United States. Although the term finds its primary utility in the latter half of the 20th century, it has been used with different meanings and eras, such as the post-Civil War era in North America, and regionally in the Americas at the start of the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549250\",\n \"text\": \"last five emperors of the Pax Romana were considered the \\\"Five Good Emperors\\\". Roman trade in the Mediterranean increased during the Pax Romana. Romans sailed East to acquire silks, gems, onyx and spices. Romans benefited from large profits and incomes in the Roman empire were raised due to trade in the Mediterranean. As the Pax Romana of the western world by Rome was largely contemporaneous to the Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China, long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history was significantly stimulated during these eras. The prominence of the concept of the \\\"Pax Romana\\\" led to\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549251\",\n \"text\": \"historians coining variants of the term to describe other systems of relative peace that have been established, attempted, or argued to have existed. Some variants include: More generically, the concept has been referred to as \\\"pax imperia\\\", (sometimes spelled as \\\"pax imperium\\\") meaning \\\"imperial peace\\\", or—less literally—\\\"hegemonic peace\\\". Raymond Aron notes that imperial peace—peace achieved through hegemony—sometimes, but not always—can become civil peace. As an example, the German Empire's imperial peace of 1871 (over its internal components like Saxony) slowly evolved into the later German state. As a counter-example, the imperial peace of Alexander the Great's empire dissolved because the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1559293\",\n \"text\": \"more controversial in its subject, but far better preserved. A goddess sits amid a scene of fertility and prosperity with twins on her lap. Scholars have variously suggested that the goddess is Italia, Tellus (Earth), Venus, and Peace, although other views also circulate. Due to the widespread depiction around the sculpture of scenes of peace, and because the Altar is named for \\\"peace\\\", the favoured conclusion is that the goddess is Pax. The West Wall also contains two panels. The fragmentary \\\"Lupercal Panel\\\" apparently preserves the moment when Romulus and Remus were discovered by Faustulus the shepherd, while Mars looks\",\n \"title\": \"Ara Pacis\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19677395\",\n \"text\": \"members and families. There are allegations that notional capture and escapes of organized crime bosses might be ploys to maintain the peace. It has been felt that an increase in violence after a period of peace is due to a change in the status quo, for example, an increase in competition between groups or political interference. The name is usually used in reference to the Sicilian Mafia and other Italian organized crime groups. The name is modeled on the Latin Pax Romana (English: \\\"Roman Peace\\\"), which was a long period of relative peace in the Roman Empire due to its\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Mafiosa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564745\",\n \"text\": \"institutions as evidence of imperialism, explanations for imperialism vary widely. In spite of such literature, the historians Archibald Paton Thorton and Stuart Creighton Miller argue against the very coherence of the concept. Miller argues that the overuse and abuse of the term \\\"imperialism\\\" makes it nearly meaningless as an analytical concept. Pax Americana Pax Americana (Latin for \\\"American Peace\\\", modeled after \\\"Pax Romana\\\", \\\"Pax Britannica\\\", and \\\"Pax Mongolica\\\") is a term applied to the concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the world beginning around the middle of the 20th century, thought to be caused by the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18282933\",\n \"text\": \"garrison into the hands of the Romans. The armies of the consuls then went on to conquer Apollonia and relieve Epidamnos (soon renamed Dyrrhachium), thus establishing the first Roman foothold on the Greek mainland. Battle of Paxos The Battle of Paxos was a naval battle between a coalition of Illyrian tribes with their Acarnanian allies, against the allies of Corcyra (modern Corfu), the Achaean League and Aetolian League. The battle took place in the spring of 229 BC and was a direct consequence to the siege of Corcyra by the forces of queen Teuta. Polybius describes a cunning maritime stratagem\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Paxos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549243\",\n \"text\": \"people – a third of the world’s population. According to Cassius Dio, the dictatorial reign of Commodus, later followed by the Year of the Five Emperors and the crisis of the third century, marked the descent \\\"from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust\\\". The Pax Romana is said to have been a \\\"miracle\\\" because prior to it there had never been peace for so many centuries in a given period of history. However, Walter Goffart wrote: \\\"The volume of the \\\"Cambridge Ancient History\\\" for the years A.D. 70–192 is called 'The Imperial Peace', but peace is\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366846\",\n \"text\": \"Roman law Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the \\\"Corpus Juris Civilis\\\" (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it, including common law. After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire,\",\n \"title\": \"Roman law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344112\",\n \"text\": \"Rome. Since his rule ended a century of civil wars and began an unprecedented period of peace and prosperity, he was so loved that he came to hold the power of a monarch \\\"de facto\\\" if not \\\"de jure\\\". During the years of his rule, a new constitutional order emerged (in part organically and in part by design), so that, upon his death, this new constitutional order operated as before when Tiberius was accepted as the new emperor. The 200 years that began with Augustus's rule is traditionally regarded as the \\\"Pax Romana\\\" (\\\"Roman Peace\\\"). During this period, the cohesion\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1974003\",\n \"text\": \"peace flag also became international peace symbols. The use of the olive branch as a symbol of peace in Western civilization dates at least to 5th century BC Greece. The olive branch, which the Greeks believed represented plenty and drove away evil spirits, was one of the attributes of Eirene, the Greek goddess of peace. Eirene (whom the Romans called Pax), appeared on Roman Imperial coins with an olive branch. The Roman poet Virgil (70–10 BC) associated \\\"the plump olive\\\" with Pax and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his \\\"Aeneid\\\": <poem>High on the stern\",\n \"title\": \"Peace symbols\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564734\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Leadership\\\", translated into Greek, renders \\\"hegemony\\\"; an alternative translation is \\\"archia\\\" – Greek common word for \\\"empire\\\". Having defined the US hegemony as \\\"not true\\\", Nye looks for an analogy to the true empire: Decline, he writes, is not necessarily imminent. \\\"Rome remained dominant for more than three centuries after the peak of its power ... In fact, there are striking parallels with the early \\\"Pax Romana\\\" (especially between 189 BC when the supremacy over the Mediterranean was won and the first annexation in 168 BC). Under that \\\"Pax Romana\\\" other states remained formally independent and very seldom were called\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14275900\",\n \"text\": \"part of the commander's ritual investiture with \\\"imperium\\\". It followed upon the sacrifices and vows the commander offered up on the Capitol, and was concomitant with his possession of the auspices for war. Festus notes elsewhere that the \\\"Salian virgins\\\", whose relation to the Salian priests is unclear, performed their rituals \\\"paludatae\\\", dressed in military garb. \\\"Pax\\\", though usually translated into English as \\\"peace,\\\" was a compact, bargain or agreement. In religious usage, the harmony or accord between the divine and human was the \\\"pax deorum\\\" or \\\"pax divom\\\" (\\\"the peace of the gods\\\" or \\\"divine peace\\\"). \\\"Pax deorum\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Glossary of ancient Roman religion\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16313156\",\n \"text\": \"240-250 AD. Stamps were also found in Alphen aan den Rijn (\\\"Albaniana\\\"), Utrecht, Vechten (\\\"Fectio\\\") and Cologne (\\\"Colonia Agrippina\\\"). These were probably build by the material the soldiers of the 15th cohort fabricated. The civilians are formed by Batavians and Romans. The \\\"Batavi\\\" were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD. The Roman civilians distinguish themselves by the use of more 'Romanised' clothing, jewelry and haircuts. Pax Romana has multiple\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366853\",\n \"text\": \"all applicable rules or give legal solutions for all possible cases. Rather, the tables contained specific provisions designed to change the then-existing customary law. Although the provisions pertain to all areas of law, the largest part is dedicated to private law and civil procedure. Many laws include \\\"Lex Canuleia\\\" (445 BC; which allowed the marriage—\\\"ius connubii\\\"—between patricians and plebeians), \\\"Leges Licinae Sextiae\\\" (367 BC; which made restrictions on possession of public lands—\\\"ager publicus\\\"—and also made sure that one of the consuls was plebeian), \\\"Lex Ogulnia\\\" (300 BC; plebeians received access to priest posts), and \\\"Lex Hortensia\\\" (287 BC; verdicts of\",\n \"title\": \"Roman law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"4873671\",\n \"text\": \"because she had given it the better gift. Olive wreaths were worn by brides and awarded to olympic victors. The olive branch was one of the attributes of Eirene on Roman Imperial coins. For example, the reverse of a tetradrachm of Vespasian from Alexandria, 70-71 CE, shows Eirene standing holding a branch upward in her right hand. The Roman poet Virgil (70-19 BC) associated \\\"the plump olive\\\" with the goddess Pax (the Roman Eirene) and he used the olive branch as a symbol of peace in his \\\"Aeneid\\\": For the Romans, there was an intimate relationship between war and peace,\",\n \"title\": \"Olive branch\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564731\",\n \"text\": \"stable, and durable. It has, over the past decade, provided the geopolitical framework for widespread economic growth and the spread of American principles of liberty and democracy. Yet no moment in international politics can be frozen in time; even a global \\\"Pax Americana\\\" will not preserve itself. [... What is required is] a military that is strong and ready to meet both present and future challenges; a foreign policy that boldly and purposefully promotes American principles abroad; and national leadership that accepts the United States' global responsibilities. This is reflected in the research of American exceptionalism, which shows that \\\"there\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549245\",\n \"text\": \"date: Sicily after 210 [BC], the Italian Peninsula after 200 [BC]; the Po Valley after 190 [BC]; most of the Iberian Peninsula after 133 [BC]; North Africa after 100 [BC]; and for ever longer stretches of time in the Greek East.\\\" The first known record of the term \\\"Pax Romana\\\" appears in a writing by Seneca the Younger in 55 AD. The concept was highly influential, and the subject of theories and attempts to copy it in subsequent ages. Arnaldo Momigliano noted that \\\"\\\"Pax Romana\\\" is a simple formula for propaganda, but a difficult subject for research.\\\" In fact, the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1778769\",\n \"text\": \"Romans could read and know them. Some of the provisions are procedural to ensure fairness amongst all Romans in the courts, while other established legal terms dictating the legality of capital crimes, intentional homicide, treason, perjury, judicial corruption, and writing slanderous poems. The Romans valued keeping peace in the city and the Twelve Tables were a mechanism of establishing and continuing peace and equality. The laws the Twelve Tables covered were a way to publicly display rights that each citizen had in the public and private sphere. These Twelve Tables displayed what was previously understood in Roman society as the\",\n \"title\": \"Twelve Tables\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564714\",\n \"text\": \"to enter on it. [...] There is in America little of that spirit of selfish aggression which lies at the heart of militarism. Here alone exists a broad basis for \\\"a new passionate sense of brotherhood, and a new scale of human values.\\\" We have a deep abhorrence of war for war's sake; we are not enamored of glamour or glory. We have a strong faith in the principle of self-government. We do not care to dominate alien peoples, white or colored; we do not aspire to be the Romans of tomorrow or the \\\"masters of the world.\\\" The idealism\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564698\",\n \"text\": \"with \\\"Pax Britannica\\\" (1815–1914) under the British Empire, which served as the global hegemon and constabulary from the late 18th century until the early 20th century. The first articulation of a \\\"Pax Americana\\\" occurred after the end of the American Civil War with reference to the peaceful nature of the North American geographical region, and was abeyant at the commencement of the First World War. Its emergence was concurrent with the development of the idea of American exceptionalism. This view holds that the U.S. occupies a special niche among developed nations in terms of its national credo, historical evolution, political\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16313154\",\n \"text\": \"school visits and film and TV projects in the form of advice, equipment and cast. As their members come from all over the Netherlands, the society has no primary base. There are currently (2015) around twenty members, of which about fifteen in Roman military life. The military members are encouraged to create a fictional character to portray at events. In order to provide the greatest degree of authenticity the group uses accurate reproductions of equipment, and strives to copy authentic haircuts, mannerisms and so on through research and under advice from archaeologists and historians. While the men mainly portray the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564700\",\n \"text\": \"had no anxieties: no standing armies to require taxes and hinder labor; no wars or rumors of wars that would interrupt trade; there is not only peace, but security, for the Pax Americana of the Union covered all the states within the federal constitutional republic. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first time the phrase appeared in print was in the August 1894 issue of \\\"Forum\\\": \\\"The true cause for exultation is the universal outburst of patriotism in support of the prompt and courageous action of President Cleveland in maintaining the supremacy of law throughout the length and breadth\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344174\",\n \"text\": \"war machine by \\\"organizing the communities that they conquered in Italy into a system that generated huge reservoirs of manpower for their army... Their main demand of all defeated enemies was they provide men for the Roman army every year.\\\" The primary mission of the Roman military of the early empire was to preserve the Pax Romana. The three major divisions of the military were: The pervasiveness of military garrisons throughout the Empire was a major influence in the process of cultural exchange and assimilation known as \\\"Romanization,\\\" particularly in regard to politics, the economy, and religion. Knowledge of the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16313158\",\n \"text\": \"the Revolt of Saturninus. The \\\"classis Germanica\\\" rendered outstanding services in multitudinous landing operations. In 46, a naval expedition made a push deep into the Black Sea region and even travelled on the Tanais. In 47 a revolt by the Chauci, who took to piratical activities along the Gallic coast, was subdued by Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo. By 57 an expeditionary corps reached Chersonesos (see Charax, Crimea). Gladiatorial combats are well known as public entertainment in ancient Roman times. Pax Romana currently has a retiarius, secutor, Thraex, hoplomachus and murmillo. The \\\"Cohortes Urbanae\\\" served as a police force in Rome and\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18817066\",\n \"text\": \"symbolic distractions from faith, although the pax is not singled out for much special disparagement in Protestant polemics. The only exception were the Anabaptists, who instead kissed on meeting both in normal life and at services; this only stiffened the disdain felt by other Protestants. By about 1600 the use of the Kiss of Peace had declined and changed in Catholic practice as well. No longer regarded as a general ceremony of reconciliation, but as one of greeting those deserving honour, it was now restricted to the clergy and the choir, as well as magistrates and male nobility. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Pax (liturgical object)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5067479\",\n \"text\": \"Pax (liturgy) In Christian liturgy, \\\"the Pax\\\" is an abbreviation of the Latin salutations \\\"\\\"pax vobis\\\"\\\" (\\\"peace to you\\\") or \\\"\\\"pax vobiscum\\\"\\\" (\\\"peace with you\\\"), which are used in the Catholic Mass and Lutheran Divine Service. Like the other liturgical salutations, \\\"e. g.\\\", \\\"\\\"Dominus vobiscum\\\"\\\", the \\\"Pax\\\" is of biblical origin. The Vulgate version of the Gospels contains such forms as \\\"\\\"veniet pax vestra\\\"\\\", \\\"\\\"pax vestra revertetur ad vos\\\"\\\" (literally, \\\"may your peace return to you\\\"; figuratively, \\\"let your peace rest on you\\\" or \\\"may you be treated with the peace with which you treat others\\\" ()), \\\"\\\"pax huic domui\\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Pax (liturgy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"837424\",\n \"text\": \"for Proserpina. Ceres bears a torch, sometimes two, and rides in a chariot drawn by snakes; or she sits on the sacred \\\"kiste\\\" (chest) that conceals the objects of her mystery rites. Sometimes she holds a caduceus, a symbol of Pax (Roman goddess of Peace). Augustan reliefs show her emergence, plant-like from the earth, her arms entwined by snakes, her outstretched hands bearing poppies and wheat, or her head crowned with fruits and vines. In free-standing statuary, she commonly wears a wheat-crown, or holds a wheat spray. Moneyers of the Republican era use Ceres' image, wheat ears and garlands to\",\n \"title\": \"Ceres (mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564699\",\n \"text\": \"and religious institutions, and unique origins. The concept originates from Alexis de Tocqueville, who asserted that the then-50-year-old United States held a special place among nations because it was a country of immigrants and the first modern democracy. From the establishment of the United States after the American Revolution until the Spanish–American War, the foreign policy of the United States had a regional, instead of global, focus. The Pax Americana, which the Union enforced upon the states of central North America, was a factor in the United States' national prosperity. The larger states were surrounded by smaller states, but these\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344183\",\n \"text\": \"Roman and local law was thought to reflect an underlying \\\"ius gentium\\\", the \\\"law of nations\\\" or international law regarded as common and customary among all human communities. If the particulars of provincial law conflicted with Roman law or custom, Roman courts heard appeals, and the emperor held final authority to render a decision. In the West, law had been administered on a highly localized or tribal basis, and private property rights may have been a novelty of the Roman era, particularly among Celtic peoples. Roman law facilitated the acquisition of wealth by a pro-Roman elite who found their new\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20611086\",\n \"text\": \"delivered in a range of Spanish-speaking countries. The third generation of the PAA assesses students on three components: Verbal Reasoning, Mathematical Reasoning, and Indirect Writing. Scores on each section range from 200 to 800. The fourth generation of the PAA, launched in Puerto Rico in December 2017, assesses three components: Reading and Writing, Mathematics, and English as a Second Language. A 200- to 800-point scale is used for each component. This use of scaled scoring for a test score is typical of many assessments, as it facilitates score reporting after test equating. Research has supported the reliability and validity of\",\n \"title\": \"PAA (test)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6944882\",\n \"text\": \"Pagus In the later Western Roman Empire, following the reorganization of Diocletian, a pagus (compare French \\\"pays\\\", Spanish \\\"pago\\\", \\\"a region, terroir\\\") became the smallest administrative district of a province. By that time the word had long been in use with various meanings. Smith's \\\"Dictionary\\\" says of it, \\\"The meaning of this word cannot be given in precise and absolute terms, partly because we can have no doubt that its significance varied greatly between the earliest and the later times of Roman history, partly because of its application by Latin writers to similar, but not identical, communities outside Italy ...\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Pagus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3766367\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Sinica Pax Sinica (Latin for \\\"Chinese peace\\\") is a historiographical term, modeled after the original phrase \\\"Pax Romana\\\", applied to the period of peace in East Asia, maintained by Chinese hegemony. During this period, long-distance trade flourished, cities ballooned, standards of living rose, and the population surged. It is usually the period of rule by the Western Zhou, Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties. During these periods, China maintained the dominant civilization in the region, due to its political, economic, military and cultural power. The Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China coincided with the Pax Romana\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Sinica\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1447097\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Britannica Pax Britannica (Latin for \\\"British Peace\\\", modelled after \\\"Pax Romana\\\") was the period of relative peace between the Great Powers during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force. Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's \\\"imperial century\\\", around of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival, other than perhaps Russia in central Asia. When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans, the British and French defeated\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Britannica\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7562107\",\n \"text\": \"Ager publicus The ager publicus (, \\\"public land\\\") is the Latin name for the public land of Ancient Rome. It was usually acquired via the means of expropriation from enemies of Rome. In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the \\\"ager publicus\\\" was used for Roman and (after 338 BC) Latin colonies. Later tradition held that as far back as the 5th century BC, the Patrician and Plebeian classes disputed the rights of the rich to exploit the land, and in 367 BC two Plebeian Tribunes, Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius Sextinus Lateranus promulgated a law\",\n \"title\": \"Ager publicus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"349288\",\n \"text\": \"were held on the ninth day. Each month was presided over by a particular, usually major deity. The oldest calendars were lunar, structured around the most significant periods in the agricultural cycle, and the religious duties required to yield a good harvest. Before any campaign or battle, Roman commanders took auspices, or haruspices, to seek the gods' opinion regarding the likely outcome. Military success was achieved through a combination of personal and collective \\\"virtus\\\" (roughly, \\\"manly virtue\\\") and divine will. Triumphal generals dressed as Jupiter Capitolinus, and laid their victor's laurels at his feet. Religious negligence, or lack of \\\"virtus\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"7532382\",\n \"text\": \"to the unchallenged rule of a single dominant power, which Tony hopes to achieve within the Soprano family. Pax Romana was an era initiated by the Roman emperor Augustus, mentioned by Tony in his conversation with Uncle Junior. In 2015, Alan Sepinwall argued that \\\"Pax Soprana\\\" is \\\"so fraught with discomfort and complications with both family and Family (and whatever separate sphere Melfi occupies) that it's nearly as compelling in its own right as last week's Very Special Episode.\\\" Todd VanDerWerff of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" wrote that the episode \\\"isn't a tremendous hour of television like 'College' was, but it\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Soprana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"579700\",\n \"text\": \"Appian Way The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: \\\"Via Appia\\\") is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy. Its importance is indicated by its common name, recorded by Statius: The road is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor who began and completed the first section as a military road to the south in 312 BC during the Samnite Wars. The Appian Way was used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 B.C. The Appian Way\",\n \"title\": \"Appian Way\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"350621\",\n \"text\": \"Roman roads Roman roads (Latin: \\\"viae Romanae\\\" IPA: ; singular: \\\"via Romana\\\" IPA: ; meaning \\\"Roman way\\\") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. They provided efficient means for the overland movement of armies, officials, and civilians, and the inland carriage of official communications and trade goods. Roman roads were of several kinds, ranging from small local roads to broad, long-distance highways built to connect cities, major towns and military bases. These major roads\",\n \"title\": \"Roman roads\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"349129\",\n \"text\": \"Roman Republic The Roman Republic (, ; ) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society under the Republic was a cultural mix of Latin, Etruscan, and Greek elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organisation was strongly influenced by the Greek city states of Magna Graecia, with collective\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16313157\",\n \"text\": \"projects portraying different types of Roman military units. The \\\"Classis Germanica\\\" was established in 12 BC by Drusus at Castra Vetera. It controlled the Rhine river, and was mainly a fluvial fleet, although it also operated in the North Sea. It is noteworthy that the Romans' initial lack of experience with the tides of the ocean left Drusus' fleet stranded on the Zuyder Zee. After ca. 30 AD, the fleet moved its main base to the \\\"castrum\\\" of Alteburg, some 4 km south of \\\"Colonia Agrippinensis\\\" (modern Cologne). Later granted the honorifics \\\"Augusta Pia Fidelis Domitiana\\\" following the suppression of\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2528249\",\n \"text\": \"much higher status as a form of respect, camaraderie, or propaganda. After the fall of the Republic, Roman emperors initially referred to themselves only as \\\"princeps\\\" despite having power of life and death over their \\\"fellow citizens\\\". Various modern figures such as the Chair of the Federal Reserve, the prime minister of parliamentary regimes, the Federal President of Switzerland, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Chief Justice of the Philippines, the Archbishop of Canterbury of the Anglican Communion and the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church fall under both senses: bearing higher status and various additional powers\",\n \"title\": \"Primus inter pares\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6944890\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Gau\\\". In Latin texts, a canton of the Helvetic Confederacy is rendered \\\"pagus\\\". Pagus In the later Western Roman Empire, following the reorganization of Diocletian, a pagus (compare French \\\"pays\\\", Spanish \\\"pago\\\", \\\"a region, terroir\\\") became the smallest administrative district of a province. By that time the word had long been in use with various meanings. Smith's \\\"Dictionary\\\" says of it, \\\"The meaning of this word cannot be given in precise and absolute terms, partly because we can have no doubt that its significance varied greatly between the earliest and the later times of Roman history, partly because of its\",\n \"title\": \"Pagus\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19677394\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Mafiosa The Pax Mafiosa is a term describing a state of relative non-violence in the territories of organized crime groups caused by agreements not to interfere in criminal activities. The \\\"peace\\\" has been described as a state of relative non-violence. This is generated from an agreement between different competing organized crime groups to not compete in criminal activity and territory, leading to a stable peace. Governmental authorities may also agree to this peace for their citizens, by non-interference in drug trafficking and other criminal activities. Conversely, organized crime groups benefit from reduced competition and risk, and non-harassment of their\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Mafiosa\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6914535\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain is a real-time strategy video game. The game emphasizes empire building and customization. \\\"Pax Imperia\\\" is a Latin term, meaning peace from empire. See also: Pax Romana. Other examples of \\\"Pax\\\" include, but are not limited to: Pax Britannica, Pax Americana, and Pax Sinica. Instead of using a single large map as do most of the current real-time strategy games, Pax Imperia\\\" revolves around star systems connected by wormholes or jump points, which connect a system of star systems in a large web. The game allowed for the player to customise the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Imperia: Eminent Domain\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564715\",\n \"text\": \"of Americans centers in the future of America, wherein we hope to work out those principles of liberty and democracy to which we are committed This political idealism, this strain of pacifism, this abstinence from aggression and desire to be left alone to work out our own destiny, has been manifest from the birth of the republic. We have not always followed our light, but we have never been utterly faithless to it. It was observed during this time that the initial defeat of Germany opened a moral recasting of the world. The battles between Germans and Allies were seen\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8830111\",\n \"text\": \"with the period after World War I, when only Asia Minor and Eastern Thrace remained under Turkish rule. The term is derived by analogy from the more common \\\"Pax Romana\\\", \\\"the Roman Peace\\\". Pax Ottomana In historiography, the Pax Ottomana (literally \\\"the Ottoman Peace\\\") or Pax Ottomanica is the economic and social stability attained in the conquered provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which, at the height of the Empire's power during the 16th and 17th centuries, applied to lands in the Balkans, Anatolia, the Middle East, North Africa and the Caucasus. The term is preferred in particular by historians and\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Ottomana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5155660\",\n \"text\": \"Pari passu Pari passu is a Latin phrase that literally means \\\"with an equal step\\\" or \\\"on equal footing\\\". It is sometimes translated as \\\"ranking equally\\\", \\\"hand-in-hand\\\", \\\"with equal force\\\", or \\\"moving together\\\", and by extension, \\\"fairly\\\", \\\"without partiality\\\". This term is commonly used in law. \\\"Black's Law Dictionary\\\" (8th ed., 2004) defines \\\"pari passu\\\" as \\\"proportionally; at an equal pace; without preference\\\". In inheritance, an \\\"in pari passu\\\" (\\\"per capita\\\") distribution can be distinguished from a \\\"per stirpes\\\" (by family branch) distribution. For example, suppose a testator had two children A and B. A has two children, and B\",\n \"title\": \"Pari passu\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344106\",\n \"text\": \"Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world. Its adoption of Christianity led to the formation of Christendom during the Middle Ages. Classical and Roman art had a profound impact on the late medieval Italian Renaissance, while Rome's republican institutions influenced the political development of later republics such as the United States. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Neoclassical architecture. The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time. It was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344302\",\n \"text\": \"man who \\\"survived the end of his world\\\". Religion in the Roman Empire encompassed the practices and beliefs the Romans regarded as their own, as well as the many cults imported to Rome or practised by peoples throughout the provinces. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety \\\"(pietas)\\\" in maintaining good relations with the gods \\\"(pax deorum)\\\". The archaic religion believed to have been handed down from the earliest kings of Rome was the foundation of the \\\"mos maiorum\\\", \\\"the way of the ancestors\\\" or \\\"tradition\\\", viewed\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"14859770\",\n \"text\": \"the Emperor Augustus Caesar sent an army to conquer the last Ligurian tribes, around modern Sisteron, Digne, Castellane and in other mountainous valleys, who still resisted Roman domination. In 8 BC the Emperor Augustus built a triumphal monument at La Turbie to commemorate the final pacification of the region. The \\\"Pax Romana\\\", or Roman Peace, in Provence lasted for nearly three centuries. During this period, all of Provence, from the Alps to the Pyrenées for the first time had the same language, administration, currency and culture. Residents of Provence felt secure enough to give up their fortified hilltop towns and\",\n \"title\": \"History of Provence\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366864\",\n \"text\": \"the west. Classical law was replaced by so-called vulgar law. The Roman Republic's constitution or \\\"mos maiorum\\\" (\\\"custom of the ancestors\\\") was an unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent. Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in constitutions to this day. Examples include checks and balances, the separation of powers, vetoes, filibusters, quorum requirements, term limits, impeachments, the powers of the purse, and regularly scheduled elections. Even some lesser used modern constitutional concepts, such as the block voting found in the electoral college of the United States, originate from ideas found in the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"8953472\",\n \"text\": \"of the emperors - idealizations summarizing all the virtues that should be possessed by the exceptional man worthy of governing the Empire. In earlier portraits, Augustus allowed himself to be portrayed in monarchical fashion, but amended these with later more diplomatic images that represented him as \\\"primus inter pares\\\". The head and neck were produced separately in Parian marble and inserted to the torso. The statue's iconography is frequently compared to that of the \\\"carmen saeculare\\\" by Horace, and commemorates Augustus's establishment of the Pax Romana. The breastplate is carved in relief with numerous small figures depicting the return, thanks\",\n \"title\": \"Augustus of Prima Porta\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366884\",\n \"text\": \"in civil law jurisdictions. As steps towards a unification of the private law in the member states of the European Union are being taken, the old \\\"jus commune\\\", which was the common basis of legal practice everywhere in Europe, but allowed for many local variants, is seen by many as a model. Roman law Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the \\\"Corpus Juris Civilis\\\" (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic\",\n \"title\": \"Roman law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344128\",\n \"text\": \"throughout the Empire, but was not imposed officially on peoples brought under Roman rule. This policy contrasts with that of Alexander the Great, who aimed to impose Greek throughout his empire as the official language. As a consequence of Alexander's conquests, koine Greek had become the shared language around the eastern Mediterranean and into Asia Minor. The \\\"linguistic frontier\\\" dividing the Latin West and the Greek East passed through the Balkan peninsula. Romans who received an elite education studied Greek as a literary language, and most men of the governing classes could speak Greek. The Julio-Claudian emperors encouraged high standards\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18282925\",\n \"text\": \"Battle of Paxos The Battle of Paxos was a naval battle between a coalition of Illyrian tribes with their Acarnanian allies, against the allies of Corcyra (modern Corfu), the Achaean League and Aetolian League. The battle took place in the spring of 229 BC and was a direct consequence to the siege of Corcyra by the forces of queen Teuta. Polybius describes a cunning maritime stratagem mastered by the Illyrian fleet. The Illyrians took four triremes and sank a quinquereme, while the rest of the Greeks managed to escape. This resulted in the Illyrian forces establishing a garrison in Corcyra,\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Paxos\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11917331\",\n \"text\": \"Roman de Gare Crossed Tracks () is a 2007 French film directed by Claude Lelouch (who appears in credits as Hervé Picard). The film follows a novelist, her ghost writer, and a wayward young woman as a chance encounter at a rest stop interrupts the delicate balance of their lives. French actor Dominique Pinon received wide praise for his rare turn as the film's leading man. The title is French slang for \\\"trashy novel one reads in a train or train station\\\" similar to the English phrase \\\"airport novel\\\". As the movie opens, a woman writer with a recently bestselling\",\n \"title\": \"Roman de Gare\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"11179889\",\n \"text\": \"Eirene (goddess) Eirene (; , \\\"Eirēnē\\\", , \\\"Peace\\\"), more commonly known in English as Peace, was one of the Horae, the personification of peace. She was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, sceptre, and a torch or rhyton. She is said sometimes to be the daughter of Zeus and Themis and sister of Dike and Eunomia. Her Roman equivalent was Pax. Eirene was particularly well regarded by the citizens of Athens. After a naval victory over Sparta in 375 BC, the Athenians established a cult for Peace, erecting altars to her. They held an annual\",\n \"title\": \"Eirene (goddess)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549252\",\n \"text\": \"Greek city states maintained their political identity and more importantly, embryos of their own armed forces. Aron notes that during the Pax Romana, the Jewish war was a reminder that the overlapping of the imperial institutions over the local ones did not erase them and the overlap was a source of tension and flare-ups. Aron summarizes that, \\\"In other words, \\\"imperial peace\\\" becomes civil peace insofar as the memory of the previously independent political units are effaced, insofar as individuals within a pacified zone feel themselves less united to the traditional or local community and more to the conquering state.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"349240\",\n \"text\": \"powers (consuls and praetors). It also elected censors. Only the Comitia Centuriata could declare war, and ratify the results of a census. It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases. The assembly of the tribes (i.e., the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2528248\",\n \"text\": \"Primus inter pares Primus inter pares (, ) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but are accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office. Historically, the \\\"princeps senatus\\\" of the Roman Senate was such a figure and initially bore only the distinction that he was allowed to speak first during debate. Also, Constantine the Great was given the role of \\\"primus inter pares\\\". However, the term is also often used ironically or self-deprecatingly by leaders with\",\n \"title\": \"Primus inter pares\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"20680145\",\n \"text\": \"Dioceses, religious orders, church congregations and their social services, but does accept private customers. , the bank has 190 members of staff at the Cologne headquarter and six branches in German and representative office in Rome in close proximity to the Vatican. It has approximately 30,000 customers (private/institutions). The bank focuses on socially responsible investing (e.g. microfinance investments) and investment management. It also provides LIGA Pay Union Funds, real estate consultation, EU-development funds, fundraising and foundation consultation services. The bank itself says that ethics and sustainability are important to its business and determines the economic actions it takes in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pax-Bank\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18817065\",\n \"text\": \"was circulating from 1286, do not mention the pax. But the first vernacular translation, in French from 1382, has an inserted mention of \\\"la paix porter\\\". A synod in Prague in 1355 is the first mention from the Holy Roman Empire; the synod recommended that the pax should be introduced if congregations were reluctant to exchange actual kisses. Other evidence, including surviving paxes, shows it spread at least to Italy, Germany and Spain, and was probably standard in Western European churches by the Reformation. In Protestantism the pax, and all thought of actual kisses was abandoned as useless and undesirable\",\n \"title\": \"Pax (liturgical object)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"378336\",\n \"text\": \"BC and 25 May 567 BC (the date of the third triumph is not legible on the \\\"Fasti\\\"). Most of the reforms credited to Servius extended voting rights to certain groups — in particular to Rome's citizen-commoners (known in the Republican era as plebs), minor landholders hitherto disqualified from voting by ancestry, status or ethnicity. The same reforms simultaneously defined the fiscal and military obligations of all Roman citizens. As a whole, the so-called Servian reforms probably represent a long-drawn, complex and piecemeal process of populist policy and reform, extending from Servius' predecessors, Ancus Marcius and Tarquinius Priscus, to his\",\n \"title\": \"Servius Tullius\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15897440\",\n \"text\": \"Lusitania), since it was located on a strategic roadway junction with connection Myrtilis Iulia (a harbor city along the Guadiana river). Sometime between 31 and 27 B.C., during the reign of the emperor Augustus, the city was granted the status of \\\"municipium\\\" following the Battle of Actium, and the colonists ascribed to the \\\"gens Galeria\\\". It was at this time that a new designation began to appear: \\\"Pax Augusta\\\" (referring to the \\\"peace of Augustus\\\") as mentioned by Strabo. Archeology excavations during the 20th century uncovered the remains of a large Roman temple, , dating to the first century A.D.\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Julia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16313153\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment) Pax Romana is a Classical reenactment society based in the Netherlands, with the main goal to show Romans in the Netherlands as they would have lived in the last quarter of the first century AD. The group was set up in 2007 by a group of Ancient Rome enthusiasts, including archaeologists and a Latinist. The group is member of the Landelijk Platform voor Levende Geschiedenis. Pax Romana works as a living history and re-enactment group. The goal is primarily education and is put into practice through the medium of displays (military encampments and civilian cooking and crafts),\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana (reenactment)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5099885\",\n \"text\": \"swore allegiance to Octavian Augustus and was then organized in eleven regions from the Alps to the Ionian Sea. More than two centuries of stability followed, during which Italy was referred to as the \\\"rectrix mundi\\\" (queen of the world) and \\\"omnium terrarum parens\\\" (motherland of all lands). Several emperors made notable accomplishments in this period: Claudius incorporated Britain into the Roman Empire, Vespasian subjugated the Great Revolt of Judea and reformed the financial system, Trajan conquered Dacia and defeated Parthia, and Marcus Aurelius epitomized the ideal of the philosopher king. The crisis of the third century hit Italy particularly\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Italy\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"19866370\",\n \"text\": \"city, such as Roma, the patron deity of the city, or the Roman eagle. That was useful as the Roman world expanded and symbols of Rome became more important in maintaining unity. By the 1st century AD, the she-wolf was common in both Rome and the provinces. She and the twins were featured on the elaborate Ara Pacis, built in honor of Augustus and dedicated to Pax, the goddess of peace. Coins with their depiction were minted and widely circulated. They were also produced in Roman Colonies as a way to express their own \\\"Roman-ness\\\". They have been found on\",\n \"title\": \"She-wolf (Roman mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"15897439\",\n \"text\": \"Pax Julia Pax Iulia (also known as \\\"Colonia Civitas Pacensis\\\") was a city in the Roman province of Lusitania (today situated in the Portuguese municipality of Beja). The region was inhabited during 400 B.C. by Celtic tribes, but there are indications that Carthaginian settlers occupied the territory, from the writings of 2nd century scholars Polybius and Claudius Ptolemy. In 48 B.C., it was renamed \\\"Pax Iulia\\\" (referring to the \\\"peace of the \\\"gens\\\" Julia\\\") by Julius Caesar following the peace between Rome and the Lusitani. The settlement became the centre of the \\\"conventus iuridicus\\\" Pacensis, (in the Roman province of\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Julia\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"349304\",\n \"text\": \"from their mothers in the art of spinning, weaving, and sewing. Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200. Education began at the age of around six, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing and counting. By the age of twelve, they would be learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking. Effective oratory and good Latin were highly valued among the elite, and were essential to a career in law or politics. In the 3rd century, Greek art taken as\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"148759\",\n \"text\": \"the Bulgarian national motto \\\"Union gives strength\\\" (Съединението прави силата). However, bundled birch twigs could also symbolise corporal punishment (see birching). The \\\"fasces lictoriae\\\" (\\\"bundles of the lictors\\\") symbolised power and authority (\\\"imperium\\\") in ancient Rome, beginning with the early Roman Kingdom and continuing through the republican and imperial periods. By republican times, use of the fasces was surrounded with tradition and protocol. A corps of \\\"apparitores\\\" (subordinate officials) called lictors each carried fasces before a magistrate, in a number corresponding to his rank. Lictors preceded consuls (and proconsuls), praetors (and propraetors), dictators, curule aediles, quaestors, and the Flamen Dialis\",\n \"title\": \"Fasces\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344136\",\n \"text\": \"create a sense of shared identity while encompassing diverse peoples within its political system over a long span of time. The Roman attention to creating public monuments and communal spaces open to all—such as forums, amphitheatres, racetracks and baths—helped foster a sense of \\\"Romanness\\\". Roman society had multiple, overlapping social hierarchies that modern concepts of \\\"class\\\" in English may not represent accurately. The two decades of civil war from which Augustus rose to sole power left traditional society in Rome in a state of confusion and upheaval, but did not effect an immediate redistribution of wealth and social power. From\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"5067483\",\n \"text\": \"of the use of \\\"\\\"pax\\\"\\\". In Christian epigraphy, there are a variety of formulae: \\\"\\\"pax\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"in pace\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"pax tecum\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"vivas in pace\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"requiescat in pace\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"pax Christi tecum sit\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"anima dulcissima requiescas in pace\\\"\\\"; \\\"\\\"dormit in pace\\\"\\\"; and \\\"\\\"in locum refrigerii, lucis et pacis\\\"\\\" (from the formula of the Mass at the Momento of the Dead). For the formula Pax and other formulas in funeral epigraphy: Pax (liturgy) In Christian liturgy, \\\"the Pax\\\" is an abbreviation of the Latin salutations \\\"\\\"pax vobis\\\"\\\" (\\\"peace to you\\\") or \\\"\\\"pax vobiscum\\\"\\\" (\\\"peace with you\\\"), which are used in the Catholic Mass and Lutheran\",\n \"title\": \"Pax (liturgy)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"366854\",\n \"text\": \"plebeian assemblies—\\\"plebiscita\\\"—now bind all people). Another important statute from the Republican era is the \\\"Lex Aquilia\\\" of 286 BC, which may be regarded as the root of modern tort law. However, Rome's most important contribution to European legal culture was not the enactment of well-drafted statutes, but the emergence of a class of professional jurists (\\\"prudentes\\\", sing. \\\"prudens\\\", or \\\"jurisprudentes\\\") and of a legal science. This was achieved in a gradual process of applying the scientific methods of Greek philosophy to the subject of law, a subject which the Greeks themselves never treated as a science. Traditionally, the origins of\",\n \"title\": \"Roman law\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"6961345\",\n \"text\": \"Theodosianus established between the \\\"Labarum\\\" and the Cantabrarii, the school of Roman soldiers in charge of carrying the \\\"Cantabrum\\\". Additionally, and according to the definition of the Royal Academy of the Spanish language, labarum is the Roman standard (as in military ceremonial flag) on which, under Emperor Constantin's rule, the cross and the Monogram of Christ (XP: Chi-Rho) was drawn. By association of ideas, labarum can refer just to the monogram itself, or even just the cross. Etymologically, the word comes from \\\"(p)lab-\\\" which means \\\"to speak\\\" in a number of Celtic languages, many of which have derivatives. For example,\",\n \"title\": \"Cantabrian labarum\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"549244\",\n \"text\": \"not what one finds in its pages\\\". Arthur M. Eckstein writes that the period must be seen in contrast to the much more frequent warfare in the Roman Republic in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Eckstein also notes that the incipient Pax Romana appeared during the Republic, and that its temporal span varied with geographical region as well: \\\"Although the standard textbook dates for the Pax Romana, the famous “Roman Peace” in the Mediterranean, are 31 BC to AD 250, the fact is that the Roman Peace was emerging in large regions of the Mediterranean at a much earlier\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Romana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344218\",\n \"text\": \"conform to imperial ideals, while also expressing their individual identity and regional preeminence. In the areas of the western Empire inhabited by Celtic-speaking peoples, Rome encouraged the development of urban centres with stone temples, forums, monumental fountains, and amphitheatres, often on or near the sites of the preexisting walled settlements known as \\\"oppida\\\". Urbanization in Roman Africa expanded on Greek and Punic cities along the coast. The network of cities throughout the Empire (\\\"coloniae\\\", \\\"municipia\\\", \\\"civitates\\\" or in Greek terms \\\"poleis\\\") was a primary cohesive force during the Pax Romana. Romans of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD were encouraged\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"2846350\",\n \"text\": \"of the imperial family, were common. In art, Concordia was depicted sitting, wearing a long cloak and holding onto a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace). She was often shown in between two other figures, such as standing between two members of the Imperial family shaking hands. She was associated with a pair of female deities, such as Pax and Salus, or Securitas and Fortuna. She was also paired with Hercules and Mercury, representing \\\"Security and Luck\\\" respectively. The oldest Temple of Concord, built in 367 BC by Marcus Furius Camillus, stood\",\n \"title\": \"Concordia (mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"18817062\",\n \"text\": \"Italian and German. The modern term \\\"pax tablet\\\" may be used, especially by church historians, where art historians mostly favour \\\"pax\\\". \\\"Osculatory\\\" is used in some 19th-century sources, and some claim that this refers to a pendant form, worn round the neck by the priest. This does not appear in most modern scholarship, though given a one-line entry by \\\"Oxford Art Online\\\". Translators unfamiliar with the concept may introduce still further names into English. \\\"Kusstafel\\\" (\\\"kiss-board\\\") is one of the German names. The Kiss of Peace was included in the Mass of the Western Church from the 2nd century at\",\n \"title\": \"Pax (liturgical object)\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"1778777\",\n \"text\": \"is a woman's legal status and standing in society. Women were considered to be a form of guardianship similar to that of minors, and sections on ownership and possession give off the impression that women were considered to be akin to a piece of real estate or property due to the use of terms such as \\\"ownership\\\" and \\\"possession\\\". The Twelve Tables are often cited as the foundation for ancient Roman law. Although faced with many issues, the Twelve Tables provided a premature understanding of some key concepts such as justice, equality, and punishment. While these ideas were not fully\",\n \"title\": \"Twelve Tables\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344182\",\n \"text\": \"to have some official capacity, such as a procurator or a military officer, including centurions down to the lowly \\\"stationarii\\\" or military police. Roman courts held original jurisdiction over cases involving Roman citizens throughout the empire, but there were too few judicial functionaries to impose Roman law uniformly in the provinces. Most parts of the Eastern empire already had well-established law codes and juridical procedures. In general, it was Roman policy to respect the \\\"mos regionis\\\" (\\\"regional tradition\\\" or \\\"law of the land\\\") and to regard local laws as a source of legal precedent and social stability. The compatibility of\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"3274581\",\n \"text\": \"introduced by Ögedei Khan in 1234 and supplied fresh horses and fodder. His brothers Chagatai Khan and Tolui and his nephew Batu Khan further extended this network. The Mongol army administered the Yam. The Yam stretched across Mongol territory from Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean. The routes were well organised, funded, maintained, and administrated by the Mongols. This highly sophisticated system of communication and travel made it relatively easy to send important messages and travel long distances in relatively short amounts of time. As a result of the relatively lucid communication and ease of movement, the Mongols were able\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Mongolica\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344140\",\n \"text\": \"throughout the Republic and Empire, but did not vote, hold political office, or serve in the military. A mother's citizen status determined that of her children, as indicated by the phrase \\\"ex duobus civibus Romanis natos\\\" (\\\"children born of two Roman citizens\\\"). A Roman woman kept her own family name \\\"(nomen)\\\" for life. Children most often took the father's name, but in the Imperial period sometimes made their mother's name part of theirs, or even used it instead. The archaic form of \\\"manus\\\" marriage in which the woman had been subject to her husband's authority was largely abandoned by the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"564725\",\n \"text\": \"mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a \\\"Pax Americana\\\" enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, and the kind that enables men and nations to grow, and to hope, and build a better life for their children—not merely peace for Americans but peace for all men and women, not merely peace in our time but peace in all time. Beginning around the Vietnam War,\",\n \"title\": \"Pax Americana\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"344303\",\n \"text\": \"as central to Roman identity. There was no principle analogous to \\\"separation of church and state\\\". The priesthoods of the state religion were filled from the same social pool of men who held public office, and in the Imperial era, the Pontifex Maximus was the emperor. Roman religion was practical and contractual, based on the principle of \\\"do ut des\\\", \\\"I give that you might give.\\\" Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and its relation to\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"id\": \"16284457\",\n \"text\": \"Martha wanted him to go there. So they put him in this thing with monks and nuns; they were trying to rehabilitate him.\\\" Minaj debuted the character live during a controversial performance at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. \\\"Roman Holiday\\\" is a fast-paced Hindi hip-hop and pop rap and song influenced by opera music that runs for four minutes and five seconds. It features a complex production, utilizing elements such as rattling sound effects, sonic drops, synths, and laser's The song also references the traditional hymn \\\"Oh Come All Ye Faithful\\\". The song received comparisons to \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" by Queen,\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Holiday (song)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what does pax romana mean and why is it important"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":2,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":8757,"offset":200,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3NjUxMjIzMywic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3hmYWN0L25xLWRwciIsImV4cCI6MTc3NjUxNTgzMywiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9._qAv08QBuGBXDPeuW_av18JNbVINn-aJNdC2nmWoj7lMpF9oJ7jnQEO-q4ywBriIYk9pZnorGIdMJsMskNcNAA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":8757,"numBytesParquet":315501001}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
answers list | ctxs list | question stringlengths 26 100 |
|---|---|---|
[
"2005"
] | [
{
"id": "2124883",
"text": "never offered on the Volkswagen Routan, the rebadged nameplate variant of the Chrysler minivans. For model year 2011 Chrysler revised the system, rebranding it as \"Super Stow 'n Go\". New pivoting head restraints with taller seatbacks and a revised folding mechanism (marketed as... | when did dodge caravan start stow and go |
[
"Middlesbrough",
"Sunderland",
"Hull City"
] | [
{
"id": "19987961",
"text": "three points from safety with one game remaining, fellow strugglers Swansea and Southampton still had to play each other, meaning that Stoke would be unable to catch both of those teams and finish fourth from bottom. The game between Swansea and Southampton ended in a 1–0 away w... | who will get relegated from the premier league 2016/17 |
[
"mericarp"
] | [
{
"id": "8290120",
"text": "Carrot The carrot (\"Daucus carota\" subsp. \"sativus\") is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist. Carrots are a domesticated form of the wild carrot, \"Daucus carota\", native to Europe and southwestern Asia. The... | what part of the carrot is the seed |
[
"March 19, 1918"
] | [
{
"id": "11677013",
"text": "effort to conserve fuel, Germany began observing DST on May 1, 1916. The rest of Europe soon followed. The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918, which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin ... | when did daylight savings begin in the united states |
[
"Noah Jupe",
"John Krasinski",
"Emily Blunt",
"Millicent Simmonds"
] | [
{
"id": "20236595",
"text": "A Quiet Place (film) A Quiet Place is a 2018 American post-apocalyptic horror film directed by John Krasinski, who wrote the screenplay with Bryan Woods and Scott Beck. The film stars Krasinski, alongside Emily Blunt, Millicent Simmonds and Noah Jupe. The plot revolves around a ... | who stars in the movie the quiet place |
[
"10,000 years ago"
] | [
{
"id": "2762796",
"text": "History of Tasmania The history of Tasmania begins at the end of the most recent ice age (approximately 10,000 years ago) when it is believed that the island was joined to the Australian mainland. Little is known of the human history of the island until the British colonisation i... | when was tasmania cut off from the mainland |
[
"Solomon Burke"
] | [
{
"id": "3798064",
"text": "Don't Give Up on Me Don't Give Up on Me is a studio album by R&B/Soul singer Solomon Burke, recorded and released in 2002 on Fat Possum Records. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album. It is noteworthy for the contributions of original and previously unr... | who wrote the song don't give up on me |
[
"Alexander Norén"
] | [
{
"id": "18830283",
"text": "according to the first category in which he qualified, but other categories are shown in parentheses. Mark Calcavecchia, Darren Clarke (2), Ben Curtis, John Daly, David Duval, Ernie Els (2), Todd Hamilton, Pádraig Harrington (2), Zach Johnson (2,3,4,12,14), Paul Lawrie, Justin L... | who won the aam scottish open in 2016 |
[
"European theatre"
] | [
{
"id": "7594611",
"text": "World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"the war to end all wars\", it led to the mobil... | where did most of the fighting take place in ww1 |
[
"8 March 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "8895207",
"text": "December 2016, it was announced that the show had been re-commissioned for a ninth and tenth series. Series 9 began on 8 March 2018. A live Christmas-based episode will be broadcast on BBC One on 21 December 2018. The series focuses on Lee Mack, who plays a fictional version of h... | when does not going out series 9 start |
[
"Tevilah"
] | [
{
"id": "15136702",
"text": "History of baptism John the Baptist, who is considered a forerunner to Christianity, used baptism as the central sacrament of his messianic movement. Christians consider Jesus to have instituted the sacrament of baptism. The earliest Christian baptisms were probably normally by ... | where did the practice of baptism come from |
[
"Louis Riel"
] | [
{
"id": "1299539",
"text": "its monopoly in the North-West, including Upper Fort Garry. In late 1869 and early 1870, the fort was seized by Louis Riel and his Métis followers during the Red River Rebellion. After the Rebellion, the area around the fort continued to grow. In 1873, the city of Winnipeg was es... | who led an armed uprising and seized fort garry |
[
"1831–1850"
] | [
{
"id": "609633",
"text": "a one-vote margin. It was enacted into law in May 1836. Two years later President Martin Van Buren ordered 7,000 Federal troops and state militia under General Winfield Scott into Cherokee lands to evict the tribe. Over 16,000 Cherokee were forcibly relocated westward to Indian Te... | when were the cherokees forced to move west |
[
"2004"
] | [
{
"id": "17232322",
"text": "down the slide too soon, resulting in the injury. The park was acquired by Universal Studios in October 1998, Ogden Corp in March 1999, Alfa SmartParks in March 2000, and Palace Entertainment on July 10, 2002. The park closed in 2004. In March 2007, Publishing and Broadcasting L... | when did wet n wild close las vegas |
[
"Michael Jackson"
] | [
{
"id": "5647166",
"text": "Rock with You \"Rock with You\" is a song recorded by American singer Michael Jackson. It was written by Rod Temperton and produced by Quincy Jones. It was first offered to Karen Carpenter, while she was working on her first solo album, but she turned it down. It was released on ... | who sings i want to rock with you |
[
"Formula Rossa"
] | [
{
"id": "8094250",
"text": "V2: Vertical Velocity Vertical Velocity is a steel Inverted Impulse roller coaster located at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. It is California's first and only Spiraling Impulse Coaster, built by Intamin and opened in 2001. It stands and reaches speeds of up t... | what is the fastest roller coaster in california |
[
"Abelmoschus esculentus"
] | [
{
"id": "15230546",
"text": "West Indies, 'Lady Finger' is also used to describe the Ney Poovan banana cultivar (\"Musa acuminata\" × \"balbisiana\" Colla (AB Group) cv. 'Ney Poovan'). Lady Finger bananas can grow at a height of 25 ft (7.5 m). Its pseudostem is slender and streaked with reddish brown, but i... | what is the botanical name of lady finger |
[
"Baghdad",
"Raqqa",
"Samarra"
] | [
{
"id": "17162133",
"text": "and Kufa to Mecca, levelled the surface and built walls and ditches in some areas, and built stations for the pilgrims with rooms and a mosque in which to pray. In 762 the caliph al-Mansur founded a new capital of Baghdad on the Tigris, which soon grew to one of the largest citi... | 1. what city was built as the new capital for the abbasids |
[
"Noomi Rapace"
] | [
{
"id": "13375180",
"text": "Noomi Rapace Noomi Rapace (; ; born 28 December 1979) is a Swedish actress. She achieved fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the \"Millennium\" series: \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\", \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\", and \"The Gi... | actress in the girl with the dragon tattoo swedish |
[
"Mary Eileen McDonnell"
] | [
{
"id": "2757557",
"text": "of \"Execution of Justice\", \"The Heidi Chronicles\", and \"Summer and Smoke\". After more than 21 years of theater and television work, McDonnell made her film breakthrough in 1990 as Stands With A Fist, the daughter of American settlers raised by Sioux Indians, in Kevin Costne... | who played stands with fists in dances with wolves |
[
"late Carboniferous period"
] | [
{
"id": "5345831",
"text": "vast quantities of particulate matter and vapor into the air that occluded sunlight, inhibiting photosynthesis. 75% of all life, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct, marking the end of the Cretaceous period and Mesozoic era. The first true mammals evolved in the sha... | when did the first mammal appear on earth |
[
"Gregory Jack Biffle"
] | [
{
"id": "17927088",
"text": "Charlie Kimball and Conor Daly. Season still in progress<br> Ryan Reed Ryan Reed (born August 12, 1993) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 16 Ford Mustang for Roush Fenway Racing. Reed beg... | who drove the number 16 car in nascar |
[
"Contemporary dancer Lex Ishimoto"
] | [
{
"id": "14345765",
"text": "So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 7) So You Think You Can Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season seven premiered on May 27, 2010. In the August 12 finale, contemporary/jazz dancer Lau... | who won so you think uou can dance |
[
"March 27, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "20437246",
"text": "MLB The Show 18 MLB The Show 18 is a baseball video game by SIE San Diego Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, based on Major League Baseball (MLB). It is the thirteenth entry of the \"\" franchise, and was released worldwide on March 27, 2018, for PlayStation... | when does mlb 2018 the show come out |
[
"Lori"
] | [
{
"id": "20114444",
"text": "the hospital to warn of his escape. Tombs breaks free and nearly kills Tree, but Carter follows and rescues her. Tombs kills Carter before chasing Tree to a nearby bell tower, where she subdues him with a crowbar. Realizing that Carter will remain dead if she ends the loop, Tree... | who kills the main character in happy death day |
[
"The Irish Sea"
] | [
{
"id": "4681380",
"text": "St George's Channel St George's Channel (, ) is a sea channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. Historically, the name \"St George's Channel\" was used interchangeably with \"Irish Sea\" or \"Irish Channel\" to encompass all the waters bet... | what is the body of water between england and ireland |
[
"one"
] | [
{
"id": "1121906",
"text": "Lakh A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written Lac or Lacs; Devanāgarī: लाख) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 10). In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. For example, in India 15... | one hundred thousand is equal to how many lakhs |
[
"Brazil",
"Italy"
] | [
{
"id": "145479",
"text": "two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950). With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date. Brazil were also the first team to win th... | which country has won the world cup two years in a row |
[
"igneous"
] | [
{
"id": "111087",
"text": "eruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape the Earth's surface over geological time. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and an... | the most common type of rock in earth's crust is |
[
"2006"
] | [
{
"id": "7211258",
"text": "three games continued for the Padres in Game 4. The team failed to score after the first, and went a combined 2-for-32 with runners in scoring position in the Series. It was the final Division Series game televised by Fox, at least for the foreseeable future. This is also, as of ... | when is the last time the padres made the playoffs |
[
"pulsars"
] | [
{
"id": "290352",
"text": "to neutrons, or ultra-dense quark-degenerate matter. Neutron stars are detected from their electromagnetic radiation. Neutron stars are usually observed to pulse radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation, and neutron stars observed with pulses are called pulsars. Pulsars' ra... | a spinning neutron star that appears to give off radio waves is called a |
[
"Don Diamont"
] | [
{
"id": "8124820",
"text": "Brad Carlton Brad Carlton is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", portrayed by Don Diamont. The character became a mainstay on the series for over ten years. He was known for his relationships with Traci Abbott, Ashley Abbott and Victoria ... | who played brad carlton on young and the restless |
[
"the Charlotte Hornets"
] | [
{
"id": "2674557",
"text": "Dwight Howard Dwight David Howard (born December 8, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Howard, who plays center, spent his high school career at Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy. He chose... | who does dwight howard play for right now |
[
"1938"
] | [
{
"id": "6859782",
"text": "The Sword in the Stone (1963 film) The Sword in the Stone is a 1963 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney and released by Buena Vista Distribution. The 18th Disney animated feature film, it was the final Disney animated film to be released before W... | when was the sword in the stone written |
[
"Jim Peterik",
"Frankie Sullivan"
] | [
{
"id": "4501019",
"text": "Eye of the Tiger \"Eye of the Tiger\" is a song composed by American rock band Survivor. It was released as a single from their third album of the same name \"Eye of the Tiger\" and was also the theme song for the film \"Rocky III\", which was released a day before the single. Th... | who wrote the song eye of the tiger |
[
"extraordinary",
"new",
"unprecedented"
] | [
{
"id": "4494921",
"text": "Urvashi Urvashi (Sanskrit: उर्वशी, lit. \"she who can control heart of others. (\"Ur\" means heart and \"vash\" means to control\") is an Apsara (nymph) in Hindu legend. Monier Monier-Williams proposes a different etymology in which the name means 'widely pervasive' and suggests ... | what is the meaning of the name apoorva |
[
"Ranjit Singh"
] | [
{
"id": "5860215",
"text": "Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Panjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, wh... | leader of sikh empire who became maharajah of punjab |
[
"Georgia Bulldogs",
"Oklahoma Sooners"
] | [
{
"id": "20244370",
"text": "2018 Rose Bowl The 2018 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Georgia Bulldogs, played on January 1, 2018 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. The 104th Rose Bowl Game was a semifinal for the College Football Playoff (CFP), ... | who's playing in the rose bowl january 1st 2018 |
[
"Vince Carter"
] | [
{
"id": "2726722",
"text": "points. On March 19, 2018, in a 106–90 loss to the Detroit Pistons, Carter had seven points to move past Patrick Ewing into 22nd place on the NBA's career scoring list. At the season's end, he was named the recipient of the NBPA's Backbone Award and Most Respected Award, as part ... | who is the oldest player currently playing in the nba |
[
"2014"
] | [
{
"id": "14822559",
"text": "including the following: 2013 NFL season The 2013 NFL season was the 94th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season saw the Seattle Seahawks capture the first championship in the franchise's 38 years in the league with a lopsided 43-8 victory over t... | when was the last time the seattle seahawks went to the superbowl |
[
"Venom",
"Screwed"
] | [
{
"id": "10772222",
"text": "Cyrus Lupo Det. Cyrus \"Lupes\" Lupo is a fictional character on the long-running NBC series \"Law & Order\", played by Jeremy Sisto. He replaced Nina Cassady, who was written out of the show due to Milena Govich's departure from the cast. He appeared in 63 episodes. Prior to hi... | what episode of law and order was ludacris on |
[
"Jimmy Durante"
] | [
{
"id": "8745184",
"text": "I'll Be Seeing You (song) \"I'll Be Seeing You\" is a popular song, with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Irving Kahal. Published in 1938, it was inserted into the Broadway musical \"Right This Way\", which closed after fifteen performances. The resemblance between the main tune... | who sings i'll be seeing you in the notebook |
[
"20"
] | [
{
"id": "19269383",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest r... | how many episodes in got season 7 pretty little liars |
[
"Jack Hobbs"
] | [
{
"id": "4825486",
"text": "partnership when they made 128 for the first wicket against Surrey at Broadhalfpenny Down in September 1769. W. G. Grace was the first batsman to score 100 career centuries in first-class cricket, reaching the milestone in 1895. His career total of 124 centuries was subsequently ... | who scored most centuries in first class cricket |
[
"Manchester United"
] | [
{
"id": "10239278",
"text": "Roy Evans, who won the League Cup, but upon his resignation in 1998, the era was over. In contrast, Manchester United have succeeded thanks to the services of three extraordinary men, all decades apart, without the need for continuity and sustained success beyond each man's depa... | who has won the most trophies man utd or liverpool |
[
"Ananias"
] | [
{
"id": "327750",
"text": "Ananias of Damascus arrived, he laid his hands on him and said: \"Brother Saul, the Lord, \"[even]\" Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost.\" His sight was restored, he got up... | who prayed for saul to regain his sight |
[
"the eighth season"
] | [
{
"id": "16467165",
"text": "Flight (Grey's Anatomy) \"Flight\" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode... | what season is the plane crash greys anatomy |
[
"Carl Dean Switzer"
] | [
{
"id": "4155524",
"text": "played Spanky, Tommy Bond, who had played Butch, and Sidney Kibrick, who had played The Woim. Carl Switzer, Darla Hood and Billie Thomas, who had played Alfalfa, Darla and Buckwheat respectively were already deceased. It was found that Hanna-Barbera's license from King World did ... | who played alfalfa in the original little rascals |
[
"1954"
] | [
{
"id": "2298920",
"text": "Hearst Castle Hearst Castle is a National Historic Landmark and California Historical Landmark mansion located on the Central Coast of California, United States. Designed by architect Julia Morgan, it was a residence for newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst between 1919 and ... | when did hearst castle became a state park |
[
"Sir Harry Johnston"
] | [
{
"id": "13870514",
"text": "Buganda Agreement (1900) The Buganda Agreement (alternatively the Uganda Agreement or Treaty of Mengo) of March 1900 formalised the relationship between the Kingdom of Buganda and the British Uganda Protectorate. The agreement was negotiated by Alfred Tucker, Bishop of Uganda, a... | who signed the 1900 buganda agreement on behalf of the british |
[
"mid-1950s"
] | [
{
"id": "3688416",
"text": "x 190 cm), the sizes for other bed types tend to vary. Mainland European sizes differ, not merely because of the use of the metric system. In the mid-1950s, the United States bedding industry introduced a new size: the king size. A king-sized bed differs from the other sizes in i... | when did the king size bed come out |
[
"the Virginia Company of London"
] | [
{
"id": "822224",
"text": "Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestow... | who founded jamestown in what is now virginia |
[
"Mariah Carey"
] | [
{
"id": "4568536",
"text": "Richie Rich (film) Richie Rich (stylized as Ri¢hie Ri¢h) is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and based on Harvey Comics cartoon character of the same name created by Alfred Harvey and Warren Kremer. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures under thei... | who plays first lionel richie or mariah carey |
[
"1842"
] | [
{
"id": "148522",
"text": "Electric Company (GE), further modified the original fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Three years later another GE chemist, Leonard Niedrach, devised a way of depositing platinum onto the membrane, which served as cataly... | when was the first hydrogen fuel cell created |
[
"1956"
] | [
{
"id": "215144",
"text": "interest in the prospect of playing or managing professional baseball. Robinson ended his major league career when he struck out to end Game 7 of the 1956 World Series. After the season, Robinson was traded by the Dodgers to the arch-rival New York Giants for Dick Littlefield and ... | when did jackie robinson retire from the brooklyn dodgers |
[
"Emma Stone"
] | [
{
"id": "1283466",
"text": "Howard in the 2007 film \"Spider-Man 3\" and by Emma Stone in the 2012 reboot film \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" and its sequel \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2.\" Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, Gwen Stacy first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #31 (December 1965... | real name of gwen stacy in amazing spiderman |
[
"the probation officer"
] | [
{
"id": "9631085",
"text": "and set a specific schedule for the disclosure of the initial draft of the presentence report to the defendant and both counsel, for the filing of objections to the report by counsel, and for the submission of the final report to the court, the defendant, and counsel. The report ... | who is responsible for preparing the presentence investigation report |
[
"32 teams"
] | [
{
"id": "341505",
"text": "from a state-sponsored cover-up, with no indication that the program has ceased since then. Russia was the host nation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were held from June 14 to July 15, 2018 in the stadiums of 11 various Russian cities, namely, Kaliningrad, Kazan, Moscow,... | how many teams are in the world cup in russia |
[
"Charlie Daniels Band"
] | [
{
"id": "4793666",
"text": "The Devil Went Down to Georgia \"The Devil Went Down to Georgia\" is a song written and performed by the Charlie Daniels Band and released on their 1979 album \"Million Mile Reflections\". The song is written in the key of D minor. Vassar Clements originally wrote the basic melod... | who sang the original devil went down to georgia |
[
"January 8, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "20601666",
"text": "6 seconds remaining to defeat Clemson by a final score of 43-42. The win brought Clemson its first (and ultimately, only) loss of the season, as the Tigers went on to win the College Football Playoff National Championship. 2018 ACC Championship Game The 2018 ACC Championship Gam... | when do the college championship game come on |
[
"Europe/London"
] | [
{
"id": "7350178",
"text": "for the United Kingdom in the file zone.tab, named Europe/London. This refers to the area having the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code \"GB\". The zone names Europe/Guernsey, Europe/Isle_of_Man and Europe/Jersey exist because they have their own ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 but the zone.tab ... | what is the name of the time zone for london |
[
"31 May 2009"
] | [
{
"id": "9120358",
"text": "contains a memorial tablet to her father. Barbara died on 16 October 2007 in Truro, Cornwall, at the age of 96. Her funeral was held 5 November at Truro Cathedral. To avoid unwanted attention and maintain privacy, Barbara insisted that her funeral take place before any public ann... | when did the last living survivor of the titanic die |
[
"June 15, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "1571218",
"text": "third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15... | when did season 6 of voltron come out |
[
"the Journal des Débats"
] | [
{
"id": "862221",
"text": "'Wait and Hope'\". \"The Count of Monte Cristo\" was originally published in the \"Journal des Débats\" in eighteen parts. Serialization ran from August 28, 1844 to January 15, 1846. The first edition in book form was published in Paris by \"Pétion\" in 18 volumes with the first t... | where was the count of monte cristo published |
[
"Santa Monica"
] | [
{
"id": "19910459",
"text": "How to Be a Latin Lover How to Be a Latin Lover is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Ken Marino, written by Chris Spain and Jon Zack and stars Eugenio Derbez, Salma Hayek, Raphael Alejandro, Raquel Welch, Rob Riggle, Rob Huebel, Rob Corddry, Renée Taylor, Linda Lavin, Kris... | where was the movie how to be a latin lover filmed |
[
"Eris Baker"
] | [
{
"id": "19510477",
"text": "This Is Us (TV series) This Is Us is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dan Fogelman that premiered on NBC on September 20, 2016. The series follows the lives and families of two parents, and their three children, in several different time frames. It stars an ... | who is the character tess in this is us |
[
"November 25, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "18141389",
"text": "on July 17, 2016. The third season premiered on September 17, 2016, and concluded on October 7, 2017. The fourth season premiered on October 21, 2017. In Canada, the series premiered on YTV on October 8, 2014. In Australia and New Zealand, the series began airing on Nickelodeon ... | when is the new henry danger coming on |
[
"January 12, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "20420592",
"text": "Batman: Gotham by Gaslight Batman: Gotham by Gaslight is a 2018 American animated steampunk superhero alternate history action thriller film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the thirtieth film in the DC Universe Animate... | when does batman gotham by gaslight come out |
[
"Thomas Andrew Felton"
] | [
{
"id": "1961929",
"text": "Tom Felton Thomas Andrew Felton (born 22 September 1987) is an English actor and musician. Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard. He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in \"The Bor... | who played draco malfoy in the harry potter movies |
[
"Mexico"
] | [
{
"id": "215671",
"text": "Brazil and Paraguay, and the biggest importers were the US and Germany. The jaguar is listed on CITES Appendix I, which means that all international trade in jaguars or their body parts is prohibited. Hunting jaguars is prohibited in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Hon... | jaguar is the national animal of which country |
[
"Supreme Court"
] | [
{
"id": "1771968",
"text": "Russia, the former Soviet Union and the United States. The United States Constitution provides for a federal government that is superior to state governments with regard to its enumerated powers. These powers include the authority to govern international affairs, interstate comme... | who ensures that the states abide by constitutional and federal law |
[
"Jacob"
] | [
{
"id": "8184102",
"text": "fostering nepotism. Cousins are not included in the lists of prohibited relatives provided in the Bible, specifically in the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy. The Old Testament also contains several examples of married cousins. Two of the most famous are prominent in Genesis. R... | who was leah married to in the bible |
[
"December 20, 2017"
] | [
{
"id": "18411194",
"text": "The Greatest Showman The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut, written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, Rebecca Ferguson, and Zendaya. The film is inspired by t... | when was the greatest showman released in theaters |
[
"Hans Zimmer",
"Benjamin Wallfisch"
] | [
{
"id": "20442644",
"text": "Blade Runner 2049 (soundtrack) Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a soundtrack album of the music for the 2017 American science fiction film \"Blade Runner 2049\". Released in October 2017, the album contains music by Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch, alo... | who did the music for the new blade runner film |
[
"Cape Gracias a Dios"
] | [
{
"id": "5566191",
"text": "northeastern Venezuela, though after entering the Caribbean Sea, another reconnaissance flight was unable to confirm the existence of a low-level circulation. Shortly thereafter, while moving into an area of light wind shear, it was able to organize and strengthen further, and on... | where did hurricane edith make landfall in 1971 |
[
"Oregon Ducks"
] | [
{
"id": "17338746",
"text": "NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship The NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship is an annual men's college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for teams in Division I. The tournament crowns a team, indi... | who won the first men's ncaa tournament |
[
"4,000"
] | [
{
"id": "5304988",
"text": "the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1,110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 w... | how many nuclear missles does the us have |
[
"Philadelphia Eagles",
"Minnesota Vikings"
] | [
{
"id": "18465624",
"text": "2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The... | who played in the 2017 nfc championship game |
[
"January 7, 2018"
] | [
{
"id": "18748926",
"text": "p.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of \"Dragon Ball Super\" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on A... | when do episodes 122 of dragon ball super come out |
[
"a wreath of ivy"
] | [
{
"id": "3065944",
"text": "the name of their choice inside an urn, after which five tablets were randomly selected. The person who received the highest number of votes won. The winning author, actor and choir were thus selected not purely by lot, but chance did play a part. The passion of the Greeks for th... | what would the winner of the greek theater contest win |
[
"season seven"
] | [
{
"id": "9015646",
"text": "forced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time t... | what season does meredith and derek get married in grey's anatomy |
[
"Shape of You"
] | [
{
"id": "19432911",
"text": "year. On October 15, 2016, \"One Dance\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \"Lean On\". Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" overtook \"One Dan... | what is the most played song ever on spotify |
[
"Mark Lenard"
] | [
{
"id": "3772574",
"text": "Mark Lenard Mark Lenard (born Leonard Rosenson, October 15, 1924 – November 22, 1996) was an American actor, primarily in television. His most famous role was as Sarek, father of the popular character Spock, in the science fiction \"Star Trek\" franchise, in both and , as well as... | who played spock's dad on star trek |
[
"1995"
] | [
{
"id": "11951622",
"text": "1995 Buffalo Bills season The 1995 Buffalo Bills season was the 36th season for the club and its 26th in the National Football League. After suffering a losing season the previous season, the 1995 Bills won the AFC East, and made the playoffs for the seventh time in eight season... | when was the last time the bills won their division |
[
"1754"
] | [
{
"id": "1121190",
"text": "French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars. The title \"French and Indian War\" in the singular is used in the ... | when did the french and indian war officially start |
[
"Russia"
] | [
{
"id": "10915537",
"text": "2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first Wo... | where is going to be the world cup 2018 |
[
"Anthony Hope"
] | [
{
"id": "4993301",
"text": "Hope and the mysterious Sweeney Todd, whom Anthony has recently rescued at sea and befriended, dock in London. A beggar woman sexually solicits them, appearing to recognize Todd for a moment (\"No Place Like London\"), and Todd shoos her away. Todd relates some of his troubled pa... | who did sweeney todd meet on the ship back to london |
[
"William Thomas Sadler"
] | [
{
"id": "15175292",
"text": "of the Circle K. Solomon confirmed that they have Steven Soderbergh aboard for production of the film, along with Scott Kroopf, who produced the original films. They also have planned for William Sadler to return as the Grim Reaper. Pre-production of \"Face the Music\" was start... | who plays the grim reaper in bill and ted |
[
"Colonel John Ewerekumoh Yeri"
] | [
{
"id": "5535827",
"text": "the state. The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976. It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City. It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967... | who is the first governor of edo state |
[
"1754"
] | [
{
"id": "11027227",
"text": "Albany Plan The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York. More than twenty... | when did the albany plan of union take place |
[
"1973"
] | [
{
"id": "7505339",
"text": "Robert R. Garwood Robert Russell Garwood (born April 1, 1946) is a controversial former Vietnam War prisoner of war (POW). Garwood was a United States Marine Corps Private First Class when he was captured on September 28, 1965 near Da Nang, Quang Nam Province. Often cited as the ... | when was the last pow released from vietnam |
[
"Toni Braxton",
"Teddy Bishop",
"Johntá Austin",
"Bryan-Michael Cox"
] | [
{
"id": "8571183",
"text": "Just Be a Man About It \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a song by American singer Toni Braxton from her third studio album, \"The Heat\" (2000). It was released on June 20, 2000, as the album's second single. \"Just Be a Man About It\" is a telephone breakup song, where Braxton ques... | who wrote just be a man about it by toni braxton |
[
"Brendon McCullum"
] | [
{
"id": "8060391",
"text": "New Zealand's target and win the match. Martin Guptill has accrued the most runs in the format, and is the only batsman to have scored more than 2,200 runs. Aaron Finch has made the two highest individual scores in T20Is, with his innings of 172 against Zimbabwe in 2018 eclipsing... | who has scored most runs in t20 international matches |
[
"Joseph Kahn"
] | [
{
"id": "18335085",
"text": "Out of the Woods (song) \"Out of the Woods\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff of fun.. It was the second song to be officially released from her fifth studio album \"1989\", serving as the first pr... | who directed taylor swift out of the woods |
[
"Collingwood Football Club"
] | [
{
"id": "11320911",
"text": "1964 VFL Grand Final The 1964 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Collingwood Football Club and Melbourne Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 19 September 1964. It was the 68th annual Grand Final of the Vict... | who did melbourne beat in the 1964 grand final |
[
"Gillian Jacobs"
] | [
{
"id": "19661703",
"text": "Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy. It is the third film directed by Falcone and co-written by the pair, following \"Tammy\" (2014) and \"The Boss\" (2016). The film, ... | who played helen on life of the party |
[
"John Roberts"
] | [
{
"id": "14949834",
"text": "John Roberts (actor) John Roberts (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and writer who voices Linda Belcher on the animated sitcom \"Bob's Burgers\". Roberts currently voices Linda, the doting matriarch of the Belcher family, in the Fox animated pr... | who plays linda belcher on bob's burgers |
[
"Intermediate courts",
"Inferior courts",
"Apex court",
"Superior courts",
"Quasi-judicial tribunals"
] | [
{
"id": "5025259",
"text": "Judiciary of Australia The judiciary of Australia comprises judges who sit in federal courts and courts of the States and Territories of Australia. The High Court of Australia sits at the apex of the Australian court hierarchy as the ultimate court of appeal on matters of both fe... | what are the different levels of court in australia |
[
"Serratus anterior",
"rhomboid major",
"levator scapulae",
"rhomboid minor"
] | [
{
"id": "1678676",
"text": "the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. The extrinsic muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infragle... | what muscles attach to medial border of scapula |
[
"Roman Peace"
] | [
{
"id": "549242",
"text": "Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for \"Roman Peace\") was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the \"good emperors\". Since... | what does pax romana mean and why is it important |
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