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  ---
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  license: apache-2.0
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- pretty_name: "UAV Phased-Array & Blind Beamforming Co-Design: a Harbor RL Environment (Built with Beam)"
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  task_categories:
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  - reinforcement-learning
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  tags:
@@ -8,167 +8,60 @@ tags:
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  - rl-environment
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  - harbor
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  - terminal-bench
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- - terminal-bench-science
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  - beam
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  - reflection
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- - agents
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- - electromagnetics
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- - phased-array
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- - beamforming
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  size_categories:
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  - n<1K
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  viewer: false
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  ---
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- # UAV 2.45 GHz Phased-Array & Blind Covariance Beamforming Co-Design (`uav-array-codesign`)
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- A multi-physics electromagnetic structure design and sequential 6-DoF reinforcement-learning / control benchmark task built in the [Harbor](https://harborframework.com) / [Terminal-Bench-Science](https://github.com/harbor-framework/terminal-bench-science) format.
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- **Built with Beam:** this environment was used to evaluate [Reflection Beam](https://huggingface.co/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B) as the agent policy (3 rollouts via Hugging Face Inference Providers). See [Built with Beam](#built-with-beam-reflection-beam-as-the-agent-policy) for what Beam did, the results, and how to reproduce them.
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- **License:** Apache-2.0.
 
 
 
 
 
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- ## Repository Layout
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32
- ```text
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- .
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- ├── tasks/
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- │ └── engineering-sciences/
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- │ └── electrical-engineering/
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- │ └── uav-array-codesign/ # Canonical Terminal-Bench-Science / Harbor Hub package
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- │ ├── task.toml # Separate-verifier & no-network verifier configuration
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- │ ├── instruction.md # Agent specification
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- │ ├── README.md # Difficulty, reference solution, and calibration tables
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- │ ├── environment/
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- │ │ ├── Dockerfile # Agent sandbox image
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- │ │ ├── hfss_sim/ # Induced-EMF array solver & 6-DoF flight channel engine
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- │ │ └── baseline/ # Failing starting antenna & open-loop controller
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- │ ├── solution/
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- │ │ ├── solve.sh # Oracle entry point
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- │ │ ├── design_optimizer.py # Decoupled array + analytical L-network synthesizer
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- │ │ ├── controller.py # Blind covariance eigenspace-MVDR + link controller
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- │ │ └── run_evaluation.py # Public mission evaluator
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- │ ├── tests/
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- │ │ ├── Dockerfile # Isolated verifier image (pytest 8.4.1 + ctrf 0.3.5 baked)
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- │ │ ├── test.sh # Root-locked reward channel + setpriv UID 65534 runner
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- │ │ ├── test_outputs.py # 6 outcome & integrity gates
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- │ │ ├── isolated_eval_worker.py
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- │ │ ├── heldout_scenarios.py # 5 hidden adversarial 6-DoF flight trajectories
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- │ │ └── pristine_hfss_sim/ # Untouchable verifier copy of physics engine
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- │ └── authoring/
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- │ ├── hint.md # 3 progressive hints for `/run hints`
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- │ ├── provenance/ # Physical equation provenance & derivations
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- │ └── evidence/ # Structurally independent second implementation
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- ├── task/
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- │ ├── Piyush/ # Local working mirror of the task
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- │ └── Piyush.dev/ # Maintainer brief, requirement-verifier map & qualification suite
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- └── jobs/ # Recorded Harbor rollouts & ATIF trajectories (incl. jobs/beam-1.0-terminus2/)
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- ```
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-
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- ## Quick Start
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-
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- ### 1. Validate with the Reference Oracle and No-Op Agents
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-
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- ```bash
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- harbor trials start -p tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign -a oracle
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- harbor trials start -p tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign -a nop
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- ```
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-
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- ### 2. Run an Agent Evaluation (e.g. Reflection Beam via Hugging Face, or OpenRouter)
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-
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- ```bash
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- # Reflection Beam via Hugging Face Inference Providers (full command and notes in "Built with Beam" below)
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- OPENAI_API_KEY="$HF_TOKEN" OPENAI_API_BASE=https://router.huggingface.co/v1 \
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- harbor run \
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- -p tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign \
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- -a terminus-2 \
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- -m openai/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B:baseten \
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- --ak record_terminal_session=false \
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- --ak interleaved_thinking=true \
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- --ak 'llm_call_kwargs={"extra_body":{"chat_template_kwargs":{"allow_missing_thinking":true}}}'
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- # Example: Terminus-2 with OpenRouter
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- harbor run \
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- -p tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign \
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- -a terminus-2 \
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- -m openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash-1017 \
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- --ak record_terminal_session=false
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- # Browse trajectories and CTRF reports in Harbor Viewer
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- harbor view jobs
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- ```
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-
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- ### 3. Run the Full Maintainer Qualification & Mutant Suite
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-
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- ```bash
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- python3 task/Piyush.dev/run_qualification_suite.py
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- ```
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-
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- ## Benchmark Calibration & Empirical Results
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-
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- | Submission / Agent | $S_{11}(f_0)$ (dB) | Mutual Isolation (dB) | Nadir Gain (dBi) | Scan TARC | Public Outages | Held-out Outages | Tests Passed | Reward |
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- |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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- | **Verifier Requirement** | $\le -22.0$ | $\ge 18.0$ | $\ge 11.2$ | $\le 0.21$ | $\le 10$ | $\le 12$ | **6 / 6** | **1.0** |
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- | **Oracle (`solution/`)** | $-34.00$ | $24.60$ | $12.32$ | $0.157$ | $3$ | $3$ | **6 / 6** | **1.0** |
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- | **Independent (`authoring/evidence/`)** | $-55.79$ | $28.19$ | $12.02$ | $0.173$ | $8$ | $7$ | **6 / 6** | **1.0** |
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- | **DeepSeek V4.1 Flash (`1017`, v3.0)** | $-19.28$ | $23.14$ | $11.89$ | $0.184$ | $27$ | $19$ | **3 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | **Reflection Beam 1.0 (`VGPEJwt`)** | $-83.86$ | $120.00$ | $12.20$ | $0.198$ | $14$ | $15$ | **4 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | **Reflection Beam 1.0 (`ETkqViw`, timeout)** | $-49.42$ | $38.18$ | $13.71$ | $0.097$ | $12$ | $8$ | **4 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | **Reflection Beam 1.0 (`nznr5uY`, timeout)** | $-21.00$ | $30.79$ | $11.59$ | $0.184$ | $18$ | $17$ | **2 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | Legacy Baseline (`environment/baseline/`) | $-4.01$ | $11.42$ | $-23.87$ | $0.748$ | $584$ | $551$ | **1 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | Semantic & Anti-Cheat Mutants (`M1`–`M6`, `I1`–`I4`) | — | — | — | — | — | — | **1–5 / 6** | **0.0** |
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-
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- ## Built with Beam: Reflection Beam as the Agent Policy
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-
122
- This repository is an **RL environment**: a sandboxed, fully deterministic task with a programmatic, binary verifiable reward (6 outcome and integrity gates, run in an isolated no-network verifier container). An agent policy acts inside a Docker terminal, must co-design a coupled 2x2 phased array plus decoupling/matching network, write a closed-loop beamforming and link controller, and evaluate it. The reward is `1.0` only if all 6 tests pass, including 5 **held-out** adversarial 6-DoF flight missions the agent never sees.
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-
124
- **How Beam was used.** [Reflection Beam](https://huggingface.co/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B) (`reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B`) was evaluated as the **agent policy** inside this environment, using Harbor's `terminus-2` agent harness and Beam served through **Hugging Face Inference Providers** (OpenAI-compatible router, `baseten` provider). Beam drove every terminal action: reading the simulator source, sweeping antenna geometries, writing `/app/controller.py`, running diagnostics, and deciding when to submit. We ran 3 independent rollouts (Harbor 0.24.0, 900 s agent budget, 2 CPUs / 2 GB RAM, 25 Oct 2026). Full ATIF trajectories (including Beam's `reasoning_content`), verifier logs and CTRF reports are in [`jobs/beam-1.0-terminus2/`](jobs/beam-1.0-terminus2).
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-
126
- Beam is a reasoning model and the provider rejects multi-turn requests where earlier assistant turns lack their reasoning. We therefore enable `interleaved_thinking=true` (Harbor sends each turn's `reasoning_content` back to Beam), and pass `chat_template_kwargs.allow_missing_thinking=true` as a fallback for turns that Harbor summarizes.
127
 
128
- ### Reproduce the Beam evaluation
129
 
130
  ```bash
131
- export OPENAI_API_KEY="$HF_TOKEN" # Hugging Face token with Inference Providers access
132
- export OPENAI_API_BASE="https://router.huggingface.co/v1"
133
 
134
- harbor run \
135
- -p tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign \
136
- -a terminus-2 \
137
- -m openai/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B:baseten \
138
- -k 3 -n 3 \
139
  --ak record_terminal_session=false \
140
  --ak interleaved_thinking=true \
141
  --ak 'llm_call_kwargs={"extra_body":{"chat_template_kwargs":{"allow_missing_thinking":true}}}' \
142
  --ak 'model_info={"max_input_tokens":131072,"max_output_tokens":32768,"input_cost_per_token":0,"output_cost_per_token":0}'
143
  ```
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145
- ### Beam results (3 rollouts, `jobs/beam-1.0-terminus2/`)
146
-
147
- | Trial | Agent outcome | Turns | Tokens in / out | $S_{11}(f_0)$ (dB) | Isolation (dB) | Nadir Gain (dBi) | Scan TARC | Public Outages (max consec.) | Held-out Outages (max consec.) | Tests Passed | Reward |
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- |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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- | **Requirement** | — | — | — | $\le -22.0$ | $\ge 18.0$ | $\ge 11.2$ | $\le 0.21$ | $\le 10$ ($\le 4$) | $\le 12$ ($\le 4$) | **6 / 6** | **1.0** |
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- | `VGPEJwt` | Submitted (13 min) | 63 | 2.99M / 89k | $-83.86$ | $120.00$ | $12.20$ | $0.198$ | $14$ ($5$) | $15$ ($6$) | **4 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | `ETkqViw` | Timed out (900 s) | 102 | 5.78M / 102k | $-49.42$ | $38.18$ | $13.71$ | $0.097$ | $12$ ($5$) | $8$ ($2$) | **4 / 6** | **0.0** |
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- | `nznr5uY` | Timed out (900 s) | 89 | 4.24M / 69k | $-21.00$ | $30.79$ | $11.59$ | $0.184$ | $18$ ($4$) | $17$ ($4$) | **2 / 6** | **0.0** |
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154
- Per-test outcomes (`verifier/ctrf.json`):
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-
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- | Test | `VGPEJwt` | `ETkqViw` | `nznr5uY` |
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- |---|---|---|---|
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- | `test_simulator_integrity` | pass | pass | pass |
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- | `test_antenna_design_em_performance` | pass | pass | **fail** (S11 −21.00 dB > −22.0) |
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- | `test_hfss_characterization_consistency` | pass | pass | pass |
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- | `test_controller_public_missions` | **fail** (14 outages > 10) | **fail** (min PDR 0.896 < 0.92) | **fail** (18 outages > 10) |
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- | `test_evaluation_summary_consistency` | pass | **fail** (summary never written) | **fail** (stale summary: 1762.57 vs 1779.24 return) |
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- | `test_controller_heldout_missions` | **fail** (15 outages > 12) | pass | **fail** (17 outages > 12) |
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-
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- Metrics above are the verifier's own recomputation with the pristine simulator on each rollout's submitted artifacts (they match the values in the verifier assertion messages). Mean reward: **0.0 / 1.0** (pass@3 = 0).
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-
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- ### What Beam's trajectories reveal
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-
169
- - **The electromagnetic half is within reach.** In 2 of 3 rollouts Beam produced a decoupled, matched array that clears every EM gate after reading the induced-EMF solver and the decoupling/matching network model; in `VGPEJwt` the mutual susceptance is cancelled essentially completely (isolation saturates at 120 dB, $S_{11}$ = −83.9 dB). The third rollout missed the matching gate by only 1 dB ($S_{11}$ = −21.0 dB).
170
- - **Closed-loop jammer-aware control is the bottleneck.** Every rollout's controller delivered high average SINR (28–37 dB on the public missions) and episode return above threshold, yet failed the *tail* metrics: total outage steps (12–18 vs ≤ 10) and outage bursts (up to 6 consecutive steps). Beam optimized averages rather than worst-case outage runs during jammer escalation and banking manoeuvres.
171
- - **Self-verification against an under-specified objective.** The instruction gives no numeric thresholds. In `VGPEJwt` Beam ran the public suite, saw 14 outage steps, judged that the run "satisfies all stated performance goals", and submitted; the hidden verifier rejected both the public (14 > 10) and held-out (15 > 12) outage budgets.
172
- - **Budget management and edit reliability.** Two rollouts hit the 900 s timeout mid-iteration. Beam spent many early turns re-reading simulator source in small chunks because long outputs scrolled out of the terminal viewport. In `ETkqViw` a patch to `controller.py` silently failed to apply (the pilot covariance was never cached), so the MVDR solver fell back to identity and Beam spent its remaining turns diagnosing the regression; it never wrote `evaluation_summary.json`. In `nznr5uY` (which went through Harbor context summarization) Beam itself noted the summary was stale but timed out before regenerating it, so the summary no longer matched the final controller.
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-
174
- These are exactly the skills the environment is designed to reward: coupled physical design, worst-case (not mean) robustness to held-out dynamics, and disciplined end-to-end verification within a fixed budget.
 
1
  ---
2
  license: apache-2.0
3
+ pretty_name: "UAV Antenna Array & Beamforming Co-Design (Harbor RL Environment)"
4
  task_categories:
5
  - reinforcement-learning
6
  tags:
 
8
  - rl-environment
9
  - harbor
10
  - terminal-bench
 
11
  - beam
12
  - reflection
 
 
 
 
13
  size_categories:
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  - n<1K
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  viewer: false
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  ---
17
+ # uav-array-codesign
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19
+ An RL environment for coding agents, in [Harbor](https://harborframework.com) / Terminal-Bench-Science format. The agent designs a 2x2 antenna array for a 2.45 GHz drone radio, then writes a beamforming and link controller that keeps the link up while the drone flies and gets jammed. A physics simulator scores the result, and the reward is 1 only if all 6 tests pass.
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21
+ ## How it's graded
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23
+ - Simulator files were not modified
24
+ - Antenna design meets the matching, isolation, gain and scan targets
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+ - Submitted antenna characterization matches the simulator
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+ - Controller holds the link on 5 public flight missions
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+ - Submitted evaluation summary matches a fresh run
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+ - Controller holds the link on 5 hidden missions
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30
+ Exact thresholds are in the [task README](tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign/README.md).
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+ ## Built with Beam
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ We ran Reflection's [Beam-1.0](https://huggingface.co/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B) as the agent through Harbor's `terminus-2` harness, served by Hugging Face Inference Providers, for 3 trials. Beam got the antenna design right in 2 of 3 trials but failed every trial on link outages. In one trial it saw 14 outages (the limit is 10) and still declared success. Trajectories and verifier logs are in `jobs/beam-1.0-terminus2/`.
 
 
 
 
 
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36
+ | Run | Tests passed | Reward | Outages (public / hidden) |
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+ |---|---|---|---|
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+ | Oracle solution | 6/6 | 1.0 | 3 / 3 |
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+ | Independent solution | 6/6 | 1.0 | 8 / 7 |
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+ | Beam trial 1 | 4/6 | 0.0 | 14 / 15 |
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+ | Beam trial 2 (timed out) | 4/6 | 0.0 | 12 / 8 |
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+ | Beam trial 3 (timed out) | 2/6 | 0.0 | 18 / 17 |
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+ | DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | 3/6 | 0.0 | 27 / 19 |
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+ | Starting baseline | 1/6 | 0.0 | 584 / 551 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Quick start
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48
  ```bash
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+ T=tasks/engineering-sciences/electrical-engineering/uav-array-codesign
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+ harbor trials start -p $T -a oracle
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+ # Beam via Hugging Face (token limits below are a conservative guess)
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+ OPENAI_API_KEY="$HF_TOKEN" OPENAI_API_BASE=https://router.huggingface.co/v1 \
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+ harbor run -p $T -a terminus-2 -m openai/reflection/Beam-1.0-501B-A23B:baseten -k 3 -n 3 \
 
 
55
  --ak record_terminal_session=false \
56
  --ak interleaved_thinking=true \
57
  --ak 'llm_call_kwargs={"extra_body":{"chat_template_kwargs":{"allow_missing_thinking":true}}}' \
58
  --ak 'model_info={"max_input_tokens":131072,"max_output_tokens":32768,"input_cost_per_token":0,"output_cost_per_token":0}'
59
  ```
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61
+ ## Layout
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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63
+ ```text
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+ tasks/ the Harbor task: instruction, environment, solution, tests
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+ task/ working copy, author notes and qualification script
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+ jobs/ recorded agent runs (Beam, DeepSeek)
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+ ```