---
license: cc-by-4.0
language:
  - en
pretty_name: "Leaves.PH: Metro Manila tree-canopy series"
tags:
  - remote-sensing
  - urban-canopy
  - sentinel-2
  - metro-manila
  - geospatial
viewer: false
---

# Leaves.PH: Metro Manila tree-canopy series

Open per-LGU and per-barangay annual tree-canopy estimates for the 17 LGUs of
Metro Manila (2019 to 2026), measured from Sentinel-2 imagery with a
human-calibrated classifier. Canopy here is a dense-vegetation proxy, not a
pixel-exact tree census. Read each year as a cross-sectional snapshot, not a
validated change series.

## What is in this repo

- `per_lgu/per_lgu_canopy_2019_2026.csv`, `per_barangay/per_barangay_canopy_2019_2026_model.csv`: the published canopy series.
- `MODEL_CARD.md`, `BENCHMARKS.md`, `RESULTS.md`: accuracy, intended use, known biases, and the 656-label evaluation. All metrics live here.
- `canopy_model/`: the published classifier, its 656 manual gold labels, and the ablation it was chosen from.
- `validation_v3/*.png`: per-LGU visual validation panels.

The CLIP detection artefacts are a separate research track (in optimization) and
are not the source of any published figure.

## Links

- Code and full methodology: https://github.com/xmpuspus/leaves-ph
- Interactive map: https://leaves.ph
- Model repository: https://huggingface.co/xmpuspus/leaves-ph
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20470306

## License

Data: CC-BY-4.0. Code (in the GitHub repository): MIT. Upstream inputs retain
their own licenses (Copernicus Sentinel-2, Hansen GFC, ESA WorldCover, Google
Dynamic World, Meta Canopy Height, OpenStreetMap, PSA); see the repository
LICENSE for the required attribution string.

## Citation

```
@software{puspus_leaves_ph_2026,
  title  = {Leaves.PH: open tree-canopy measurement for Metro Manila},
  author = {Puspus, Xavier},
  year   = {2026},
  version = {0.7.0},
  doi    = {10.5281/zenodo.20470306},
  url    = {https://github.com/xmpuspus/leaves-ph}
}
```