Add proper dataset card (bundle table, GitHub link, citation)
Browse files
README.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,156 @@
|
|
| 1 |
---
|
| 2 |
license: cc-by-4.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
---
|
| 2 |
license: cc-by-4.0
|
| 3 |
+
pretty_name: "Debt Behind the AI Boom"
|
| 4 |
+
language:
|
| 5 |
+
- en
|
| 6 |
+
tags:
|
| 7 |
+
- code
|
| 8 |
+
- software-engineering
|
| 9 |
+
- technical-debt
|
| 10 |
+
- ai-generated-code
|
| 11 |
+
- empirical-study
|
| 12 |
+
- static-analysis
|
| 13 |
+
- github
|
| 14 |
+
size_categories:
|
| 15 |
+
- 100K<n<1M
|
| 16 |
+
configs:
|
| 17 |
+
- config_name: repos
|
| 18 |
+
data_files: ai_repos.csv
|
| 19 |
---
|
| 20 |
+
|
| 21 |
+
# Debt Behind the AI Boom — Replication Data
|
| 22 |
+
|
| 23 |
+
Data for the paper:
|
| 24 |
+
|
| 25 |
+
> **Debt Behind the AI Boom: A Large-Scale Empirical Study of AI-Generated Code in the Wild**
|
| 26 |
+
> Yue Liu, Ratnadira Widyasari, Yanjie Zhao, Ivana Clairine Irsan, Junkai Chen, David Lo
|
| 27 |
+
> 📄 [arXiv:2603.28592](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28592) · 💻 Code: [github.com/yueyueL/tech-debt-ai-coding](https://github.com/yueyueL/tech-debt-ai-coding)
|
| 28 |
+
|
| 29 |
+
We mined **302.6K AI-authored commits** from **6,299 GitHub repositories** across five
|
| 30 |
+
AI coding assistants (GitHub Copilot, Claude, Cursor, Gemini, Devin), ran static
|
| 31 |
+
analysis before and after each commit, and tracked whether the introduced issues
|
| 32 |
+
still survive in the codebase today.
|
| 33 |
+
|
| 34 |
+
**Key finding:** 484K issues were introduced; **22.7% still survive at HEAD**, including
|
| 35 |
+
issues introduced more than nine months earlier.
|
| 36 |
+
|
| 37 |
+
> This Hugging Face repository hosts the **data bundles**. All **code** lives on GitHub:
|
| 38 |
+
> 👉 **https://github.com/yueyueL/tech-debt-ai-coding**
|
| 39 |
+
|
| 40 |
+
---
|
| 41 |
+
|
| 42 |
+
## What's in this dataset
|
| 43 |
+
|
| 44 |
+
| File | Size | Uncompressed | What it is |
|
| 45 |
+
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 46 |
+
| `focused_repos.json` | 1.6 MB | — | Manifest of the **6,299 analyzed repositories** (stars, language, AI-commit counts per repo). The authoritative input to the analysis pipeline. |
|
| 47 |
+
| `ai_repos.csv` | 0.55 MB | — | Repo metadata (stars, language, primary AI tool) for the same 6,299 repos. *(Browsable in the Dataset Viewer above.)* |
|
| 48 |
+
| `commits.zip` | 48 MB | ~265 MB | All 6,299 `<repo>_commits.json` files (the AI-authored commit lists). **Input to reproduction Tier 3.** |
|
| 49 |
+
| `results-out.zip` | 978 MB | ~17 GB | Per-repo analyzer output (`debt_metrics.json`, `issue_survival.json`, `lifecycle_metrics.json`, `destiny_metrics.json`, `summary.json` + `debug/`) for all 6,299 repos. **Input to reproduction Tier 2.** |
|
| 50 |
+
|
| 51 |
+
`focused_repos.json` and `ai_repos.csv` are also in the GitHub repo; they are mirrored here so this dataset is self-contained. The two `.zip` bundles are **only** available here.
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
---
|
| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
## How to download
|
| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
These files are tracked with Git LFS — use the `huggingface_hub` client so downloads
|
| 58 |
+
are counted and resume automatically if interrupted:
|
| 59 |
+
|
| 60 |
+
```bash
|
| 61 |
+
pip install -U huggingface_hub
|
| 62 |
+
|
| 63 |
+
# A single bundle
|
| 64 |
+
hf download yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding results-out.zip --repo-type dataset --local-dir .
|
| 65 |
+
hf download yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding commits.zip --repo-type dataset --local-dir .
|
| 66 |
+
|
| 67 |
+
# Or the entire dataset
|
| 68 |
+
hf download yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding --repo-type dataset --local-dir ./tech-debt-data
|
| 69 |
+
```
|
| 70 |
+
|
| 71 |
+
In Python:
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
```python
|
| 74 |
+
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
|
| 75 |
+
path = hf_hub_download("yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding", "results-out.zip", repo_type="dataset")
|
| 76 |
+
```
|
| 77 |
+
|
| 78 |
+
---
|
| 79 |
+
|
| 80 |
+
## Reproduction tiers
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
The study reproduces at three levels of effort. Full step-by-step commands are in the
|
| 83 |
+
[GitHub README](https://github.com/yueyueL/tech-debt-ai-coding#reproduction-tiers).
|
| 84 |
+
|
| 85 |
+
| Tier | What you do | Time | Disk | Needs |
|
| 86 |
+
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 87 |
+
| **T1** | Browse `results/out/aggregate_summary.json` via the dashboard | <1 min | 0 GB | Python 3.10+ (GitHub clone only — no download) |
|
| 88 |
+
| **T2** | Re-aggregate from saved per-repo metrics | ~5 min | ~10 GB | Python 3.10+, `results-out.zip` |
|
| 89 |
+
| **T3** | Re-run the full pipeline from raw commits | days | ~500 GB | Python 3.10+, Pylint, ESLint, Semgrep, git, `commits.zip` |
|
| 90 |
+
|
| 91 |
+
**T2 — re-aggregate:**
|
| 92 |
+
```bash
|
| 93 |
+
hf download yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding results-out.zip --repo-type dataset --local-dir .
|
| 94 |
+
unzip results-out.zip -d results/
|
| 95 |
+
python3 -m src.reporting.aggregate --out-dir results/out
|
| 96 |
+
```
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
**T3 — full re-run:**
|
| 99 |
+
```bash
|
| 100 |
+
hf download yueyuel/tech-debt-ai-coding commits.zip --repo-type dataset --local-dir data/
|
| 101 |
+
unzip data/commits.zip -d data/
|
| 102 |
+
# then follow the GitHub README for analyzer setup + batch run
|
| 103 |
+
```
|
| 104 |
+
|
| 105 |
+
---
|
| 106 |
+
|
| 107 |
+
## Schema
|
| 108 |
+
|
| 109 |
+
Brief notes below; full schemas (including the commit and metric JSON shapes) are in
|
| 110 |
+
[`data/README.md`](https://github.com/yueyueL/tech-debt-ai-coding/blob/main/data/README.md) on GitHub.
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
**`focused_repos.json`**
|
| 113 |
+
```json
|
| 114 |
+
{
|
| 115 |
+
"total_repos": 6299,
|
| 116 |
+
"repos": [
|
| 117 |
+
{"repo": "owner/name", "file": "data/commits/owner_name_commits.json",
|
| 118 |
+
"stars": 12345, "language": "Python", "ai_commits": 42,
|
| 119 |
+
"total_commits": 5000, "ai_percentage": 0.84}
|
| 120 |
+
]
|
| 121 |
+
}
|
| 122 |
+
```
|
| 123 |
+
|
| 124 |
+
**`commits/<owner>_<repo>_commits.json`** (inside `commits.zip`)
|
| 125 |
+
```json
|
| 126 |
+
{
|
| 127 |
+
"repo": "owner/name", "total_commits_scanned": 5000, "ai_commits_count": 42,
|
| 128 |
+
"tools_found": {"copilot": 30, "claude": 12},
|
| 129 |
+
"ai_commits": [
|
| 130 |
+
{"sha": "abc123", "ai_tool": "copilot", "detection_method": "coauthor",
|
| 131 |
+
"date": "2025-06-15T10:30:00Z", "url": "https://github.com/owner/name/commit/abc123"}
|
| 132 |
+
]
|
| 133 |
+
}
|
| 134 |
+
```
|
| 135 |
+
|
| 136 |
+
---
|
| 137 |
+
|
| 138 |
+
## License
|
| 139 |
+
|
| 140 |
+
Released under [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). You are free
|
| 141 |
+
to share and adapt the data with attribution to the paper below.
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
## Citation
|
| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 146 |
+
@article{liu2026techdebt,
|
| 147 |
+
title = {Debt Behind the AI Boom: A Large-Scale Empirical Study of
|
| 148 |
+
AI-Generated Code in the Wild},
|
| 149 |
+
author = {Liu, Yue and Widyasari, Ratnadira and Zhao, Yanjie and
|
| 150 |
+
Irsan, Ivana Clairine and Chen, Junkai and Lo, David},
|
| 151 |
+
year = {2026},
|
| 152 |
+
eprint = {2603.28592},
|
| 153 |
+
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
|
| 154 |
+
primaryClass = {cs.SE}
|
| 155 |
+
}
|
| 156 |
+
```
|