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README.md
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license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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---
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SuperWing, a comprehensive benchmark dataset of transonic swept wings comprising
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operating conditions. Unlike previous efforts that rely on perturbations of a baseline wing, SuperWing is generated using a simplified yet expressive
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varying dihedral, twist, and airfoil characteristics, the dataset captures realistic design complexity and
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---
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license: cc-by-sa-4.0
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---
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SuperWing, a comprehensive benchmark dataset of transonic swept wings comprising 4239 wing shapes and near 30,000 flow fields across diverse geometries and
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operating conditions. Unlike previous efforts that rely on perturbations of a baseline wing, SuperWing is generated using a simplified yet expressive
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parameterization scheme. By incorporating spanwise-varying dihedral, twist, and airfoil characteristics, the dataset captures realistic design complexity and
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ensures greater diversity than existing ones. Please refer to our ![arXiv paper]{https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14397} for more details on the dataset.
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# Features:
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1. Focusing on the **"kink" wings** (with two segments instead of one in the spanwise direction), which bring more complex flow features and are closer to the industry.
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2. **More diversity** on the wing shape by generating them from basic parameters instead of perturbing from a baseline wing shape
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3. RANS simulation with **well-validated** solver `ADflow` and structural computational mesh.
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# Data format:
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1. Geometric parameters
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`config.dat` includes the basic shape parameters to build a wing from scratch, with the method detailed in our ![arXiv paper]{https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14397}. For each wing
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shape, we provide 8 operating conditions, but note that they are not exactly the operating conditions in the final dataset since some of them may not lead to convergent
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results.
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|indexs|type|variables|comments|
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|1-7| global planform parameter | sweep angle, dihedral angle at tip, dihedral angle at kink, aspect ratio, taper ratio, kink adjustment, root adjustment |
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|8-17| spanwise variation of airfoils | thickness ratios (x3), camber ratios (x3), twist angles (x4) |
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|18-38| baseline airfoil shape | CSTs (9th order) for upper (x10) and lower (x10) surface, max thickness |
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|39-56| Mach numbers and angles of attacks |
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2. Index file
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`index.npy` provides the crucial information for all provided samples; it has a shape of $28856 \times 8$, with each channel listed below:
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|index|description|
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|-|-|
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|0|wing shape index (corresponding to in `config.dat`)|
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|1|operating condition index (count in each wing shape) |
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|2|angle of attack (in degrees)|
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|3|mach number|
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|4|reference area (to calculate coefficient)|
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|5|half span length|
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|6|lift coefficient|
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|7|drag coefficient|
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|8|pitching moment coefficient|
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3. Reference surface mesh and surface physical quantities on this reference mesh
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The reference mesh `geom0` contains the cell-centric coordinates of the reference surface mesh with size $256 \times 128 \times 3$, and the three channels stand
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for $x, y, z$. The surface physical quantities `data.npy` are on the same reference mesh with size $256 \times 128 \times 3$, and the three channels stand for
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$C_p, C_{f,\tau}, C_{f,z}$. (the latter two are the decomposed friction coefficients on the streamwise and spanwise directions). These data can serve as input and
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output for a machine learning model that predicts the aerodynamics of wings.
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**reference mesh**: The simulation mesh on the wing surface is first interpolated to a reference mesh. In the spanwise ($j$-direction), 128 cross-sectional planes are
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sampled with even spacing, and tips are excluded. For each cross-section ($i$-direction), a fixed set of normalized chordwise positions $\{(x/c)_i\}$ s is used for both
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the upper and lower surfaces, and the tail edge is represented only with one cell. The reference mesh along the wing surface is then unfolded as shown below, resulting
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in a final vertex surface grid of $257 \times 129$ points per wing (`origingeom.npy`). This is useful when we need to calculate coefficients from the surface flow outputs.
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The cell-centric grid for the mesh is obtained just by averaging the coordinates at the four vertices.
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5. Raw solver output
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The raw output of surface flow (`surf.cgns`) and 3D volume fields (`vol.cgns`) is also available in their original formats (CGNS files with the ADF format). They need the
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CGNS library to be read out. Since they are too large, they are available via university storage upon reasonable request to the authors.
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The table below summarizes the data.
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|Type | File & Description | Size
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|-|-|-|
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|Geometric parameters | `Configs.dat` | shape parameters | 5.0 MB
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|Information | `index.npy` | group information, operating conditions, and aerodynamic coefficients | 2.8 MB
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|Surface mesh | `*\wing.xyz` | surface simulation mesh | 7.8 GB
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| | `origingeom.npy` | reference surface mesh (grid points) | 3.3 GB
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| | `geom0.npy` | reference surface mesh (cell center) | 3.3 GB
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|Surface flow | `data.npy` | $C_p, \bm {C_f}$ at reference mesh (cell center) | 22.7 GB
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| | `*\surf.cgns` | raw surface flow output | 161.5 GB
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|Volume flow | `*\vol.cgns` | raw flow field output | 5.5 TB
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