Duplicate from MatPROV-project/MatPROV

Co-authored-by: Hirofumi Tsuruta <tsurubee@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

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README.md

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+---
+license: cc-by-4.0
+language:
+- en
+tags:
+- materials-science
+- provenance
+- graph
+- PROV-DM
+- information-extraction
+pretty_name: MatPROV
+---
+
+# MatPROV
+
+**MatPROV** is a dataset of materials synthesis procedures extracted from scientific papers using large language models (LLMs) and represented in [PROV-DM](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/)–compliant structures.
+Further details on MatPROV are described in our paper "[MatPROV: A Provenance Graph Dataset of Material Synthesis Extracted from Scientific Literature](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01042).”
+
+---
+
+## Files
+
+```
+MatPROV/
+├── MatPROV.jsonl  # Main dataset (2,367 synthesis procedures)
+├── ground-truth/  # Expert-annotated ground truth
+│ └─ <DOI>.json
+├── few-shot/.     # Prompt examples used for synthesis procedure extraction
+│ └─ <DOI>.txt
+└── doi_status.csv # Status of each paper DOI across the pipeline
+```
+
+*Note: In file names under `ground-truth/` and `few-shot/`, forward slashes (`/`) in DOIs are replaced with underscores (`_`).*  
+
+---
+
+## Data format
+
+The main dataset file is `MatPROV.jsonl`, where each line corresponds to one paper’s structured record.
+Each record contains:
+
+- `doi`: DOI of the source paper  
+- `label`: Identifier for the extracted synthesis procedure, encoding the material's chemical composition and key synthesis characteristics (e.g., `CuGaTe2_ball-milling`)  
+- `prov_jsonld`: A PROV-JSONLD structure describing the synthesis procedure  
+
+### Example
+
+```json
+{
+  "doi": "10.1002/advs.201600035",
+  "label": "Fe1+xNb0.75Ti0.25Sb_composition variation",
+  "prov_jsonld": {
+    "@context": [
+      {"xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#"},
+      "https://openprovenance.org/prov-jsonld/context.jsonld",
+      "URL of MatPROV's context schema omitted for double-blind review"
+    ],
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [{"@value": "Fe", "@language": "EN"}],
+        "type": [{"@value": "material"}],
+        "matprov:purity": [{"@value": "99.97%", "@type": "xsd:string"}]
+      }
+      ...
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Visualization
+
+You can visualize the PROV-JSONLD data in MatPROV using the online tool at: https://matprov-project.github.io/prov-jsonld-viz/
+To do this, copy the value of the `"prov_jsonld"` field from any record in `MatPROV.jsonl` and paste it into the “PROV-JSONLD Editor” panel of the tool.
+A directed graph of the synthesis procedure will then be generated, as shown in the figure below.
+
+![Graph visualization](assets/prov-jsonld-viz-example.png)
+
+## Dataset construction summary
+
+- Source papers collected: 1648
+- **Relevant Text Extraction**
+  - 32 papers contained no synthesis-related text
+  - → 1616 papers remained
+- **Synthesis Procedure Extraction**
+  - 48 papers contained no synthesis procedure
+  - → 1568 papers remained (final dataset)
+
+The DOIs of these 1568 papers and their extracted data are included in `MatPROV.jsonl`.
+For details on the filtering status of each DOI, see `doi_status.csv`.
+
+## Ground Truth annotations
+
+- A subset of papers was manually annotated by a single domain expert.
+- Files are stored in `ground-truth/` and named as `<DOI>.json`.
+
+## Few-shot examples
+
+- Prompt examples used for LLM extraction are provided in `few-shot/`.
+- Files are stored in `few-shot/` and named as `<DOI>.txt`.
+
+## Links
+
+- Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01042
+- Code: https://github.com/MatPROV-project/matprov-experiments
+
+## Citation
+
+If you use MatPROV, please cite:
+
+```
+@inproceedings{tsuruta2025matprov,
+  title={Mat{PROV}: A Provenance Graph Dataset of Material Synthesis Extracted from Scientific Literature},
+  author={Hirofumi Tsuruta and Masaya Kumagai},
+  booktitle={NeurIPS 2025 Workshop on AI for Accelerated Materials Design},
+  year={2025}
+}
+```

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few-shot/10.1002_advs.201901598.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+Input:
+Polycrystalline Cu 2-δ Fe x S (δ = 0.1, x = 0, 0.0125, 0.0225, and 0.0325) and Cu 2-δ S (δ = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.1) samples were synthesized by a combination of melting and long-term high-temperature annealing method. High purity raw elements, Cu (shot, 99.999%, Alfa Aesar), S (shot, 99.999%, Alfa Aesar), and Fe (shots, 99.98%, Alfa Aesar) were weighed in their stoichiometric ratios and placed in boron nitride crucibles, and then sealed in fused silica tubes under vacuum. The temperature of the tubes was slowly raised to 1423 K in 6 h and then maintained at this temperature for 12 h before quenching into ice water. Then, the ingots were annealed at 773 K for 5 d. The annealed ingots were crushed into powders and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (Sumitomo SPS-2040) at 723 K under a pressure of 65 MPa for 5 min. Electrically insulating but thermally conducting BN layers were sprayed onto the carbon foils and the inner sides of the graphite die before the SPS process in order to prohibit DC pulsed currents going through the powders.
+
+Output:
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Cu2−δS_composition variation",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Cu" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999 %" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "shot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "S" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999 %" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "shot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "fused silica tube" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "boron nitride crucible" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealing" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "vacuum" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e13" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e12" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e5" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealed sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "raising" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1423 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "6 h" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e5" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e6" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "raised sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "maintaining" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1423 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "12 h" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e6" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e7" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "maintained sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quenching" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e7" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "ice water" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e16" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e8" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quenched sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "773 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "5 d" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a7", "entity": "e8" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a7", "entity": "e9" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushing" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a8", "entity": "e9" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a8", "entity": "e10" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "powder" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a9",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "spark plasma sintering" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "723 K" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "65 MPa" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "5 min" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e10" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "SPS-2040" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e14" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e11" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "spark plasma sintered sample" }]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "Cu2−δFexS_composition variation",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Cu" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999 %" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "shot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "S" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999 %" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "shot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Fe" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.98 %" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "shot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "fused silica tube" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "boron nitride crucible" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "SPS-2040" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealing" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "vacuum" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e14" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e13" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e6" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealed sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "raising" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1423 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "6 h" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e6" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e7" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "raised sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "maintaining" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1423 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "12 h" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e7" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e8" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "maintained sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quenching" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e8" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "ice water" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e16" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a6", "entity": "e9" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quenched sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "773 K" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "5 d" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a7", "entity": "e9" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a7", "entity": "e10" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushing" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a8", "entity": "e10" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a8", "entity": "e11" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "powder" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a9",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "spark plasma sintering" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "723 K" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "65 MPa" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "5 min" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e11" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e15" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a9", "entity": "e12" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "spark plasma sintered sample" }]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

few-shot/10.1038_s41467-019-09921-4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+Input:
+Single crystalline PbSe was prepared in a two-step process using Pb and Se materials with 99.999% metals-based purity. First, polycrystalline PbSe was obtained by reacting Pb and Se in a quartz ampoule at 1100 °C. The resulting material was crushed and placed into a quartz ampoule with a tapered bottom, which had been prepared by washing with nitric acid, rinsing with deionized water, and drying. A large single crystal (>10 g) was grown using the gradient freeze method. During this crystal growth, the quartz ampoule was supported by a quartz rod, which resulted in a cold finger effect that caused a crystal to be grown at the top of the ampoule due to vapor transport.
+
+Output:
+[
+  {
+    "label": "PbSe",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Pb" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999%" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Se" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "99.999%" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "reacted sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "polycrystalline" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushed sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "placed sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "gradient frozen sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "single crystal" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quartz ampoule" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quartz ampoule with a tapered bottom" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quartz rod" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "reacting" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1100 °C" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "crushing" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "placing" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "gradient freezing" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e7" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e8" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e5" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e5" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e9" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e6" }
+    ]
+  }
+]

few-shot/10.1063_1.4903773.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+Input:
+Samples of composition Mn 54-x Al 46 C x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) were produced by argon arc-melting. The as-prepared ingots were used to prepare ribbon samples by a single-roller melt spinning technique under argon atmosphere at a wheel speed of 15 m/s. To get the magnetic MnAl phase, the as-spun ribbons were annealed at 450 °C for 45 min under argon atmosphere, while the as-prepared ingots were annealed at 1050 °C for two days under argon atmosphere and were then cooled in air.
+
+Output:
+[
+  {
+    "label": "mn54-xal46cx_arc-melted",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Mn" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Al" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "C" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc-melting" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "argon" }],
+        "matprov:concentration": [{ "@value": "0, 1, 2, 3" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc-melted sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e4" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "1050 °C" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "2 days" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "argon" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e5" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "cooling" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "air" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "cooled sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e5" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a5", "entity": "e8" }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "mn54-xal46cx_single-roller-melt-spun",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Mn" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Al" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "C" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc melting" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "argon" }],
+        "matprov:concentration": [{ "@value": "0, 1, 2, 3" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc-melted sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ingot" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e4" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "single-roller melt spinning" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "argon" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "single-roller melt-spun sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ribbon" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e6" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "450 °C" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "45 min" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "argon" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ribbon" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e6" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e7" }
+    ]
+  }
+]

few-shot/10.1155_2018_9380573.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+Input:
+In x Se 1-x bilayer thin films of the same thickness (2500 Å) and different thickness ratios (x 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) were deposited by the thermal evaporation method on a clean glass substrate under a vacuum of 10 -6 mbar. The structural, electrical, and optical measurements of the films were carried on to investigate the effect of annealing temperature and thickness ratio. Prepared bilayer films were also annealed at substrate temperatures of 70 °C and 100 °C. e thin films were prepared using the thermal evaporation coating unit shown in Figure 1.
+
+Output:
+[
+  {
+    "label": "InSe_thickness_ratio_and_annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "In" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Se" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "clean glass substrate" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "thermal evaporation coating unit" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "thermal evaporation" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "vacuum" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "10⁻⁶ mbar" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e6" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "thermal evaporated sample" }],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [{ "@value": "2500 Å" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "bilayer thin film" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e4" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "70, 100 °C" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e5" }
+    ]
+  }
+]

few-shot/10.12693_aphyspola.144.333.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Input:
+The ingot sample with nominal composition (Nd 10 Fe 67 B 23 ) 93 Nb 7 was produced by arc-melting of the high purity (min. 4 N) elements under low pressure of inert gas (Ar). Boron was added in the form of Fe-B alloy with a well-known composition. Ribbons were produced by the melt-spinning technique under low pressure of a protective atmosphere (Ar). Produced ribbons were sealed off in quart tubes under a low pressure of Ar gas and annealed in a wide range of temperatures for 5 min.
+
+Output:
+[
+  {
+    "label": "(Nd10Fe67B23)93Nb7_annealed",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Nd" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "min. 4 N" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Fe" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "min. 4 N" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Fe–B alloy" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "Nb" }],
+        "matprov:purity": [{ "@value": "min. 4 N" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc-melting" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "Ar" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "low pressure" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e1" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e2" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e3" },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e4" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a1", "entity": "e5" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "arc-melted sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "melt-spinning" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "Ar" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "low pressure" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e5" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a2", "entity": "e6" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "melt-spun sample" }],
+        "matprov:form": [{ "@value": "ribbon" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealing" }],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [{ "@value": "Ar" }],
+        "matprov:pressure": [{ "@value": "low pressure" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e6" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e7" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "sealed sample" }]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "tool" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "quart tubes" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a3", "entity": "e10" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealing" }],
+        "matprov:temperature": [{ "@value": "wide range" }],
+        "matprov:duration": [{ "@value": "5 min" }]
+      },
+      { "@type": "Usage", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e7" },
+      { "@type": "Generation", "activity": "a4", "entity": "e8" },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [{ "@value": "material" }],
+        "label": [{ "@value": "annealed sample" }]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1002_advs.201600035.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "FeNb0.8Ti0.2Sb_ball-milling-time",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Fe",
+              "Iron"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.97 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "piece",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Nb",
+              "Niobium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.8 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        ]
+      }
+    ]
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+      {
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+              "Niobium"
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+        ],
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+              "3 min",
+              "3 minutes"
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+      {
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+      {
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+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
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+              "SPS sample",
+              "compacted sample"
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+        ]
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+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
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+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1023 K",
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+        "matprov:duration": [
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+              "2 d",
+              "2 days"
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+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
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+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
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+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1002_advs.201901598.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Cu2−δS_composition variation",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Cu",
+              "Copper"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.999 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "shot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
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+            "@value": "99.999 %",
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+          }
+        ]
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+      {
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+          {
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+          }
+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
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+      {
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+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "SPS-2040",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
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+        "type": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
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+              "SPSed sample",
+              "SPS sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
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+        ],
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+              "Cu",
+              "Copper"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
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+          }
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+      },
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+          }
+        ],
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+            ],
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+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": [
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+              "Iron"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
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+          }
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+        ],
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+        ],
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+        ]
+      },
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+        ],
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+      {
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+      {
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+        ],
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+          {
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+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "sintered sample",
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+              "SPS sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1002_aelm.202200053.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1448 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "C10-PTTT_sequentially doped sample",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "chloroform solution",
+              "chloroform"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coating",
+              "coating",
+              "spin-coat"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mg mL-1",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1500 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "120 s",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "nitrogen",
+              "N2"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coated sample",
+              "coated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "50 nm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "film",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glovebox",
+              "nitrogen glovebox"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "cooling",
+              "cooling down",
+              "slowly cooling",
+              "slowly cooling down"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "RT",
+              "room temperature"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dopant-dispersed acetonitrile",
+              "acetonitrile"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "immersing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "over 2 h",
+              "over 2 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "immersed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "C10-PTTT_ion exchange doped sample",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "chloroform solution",
+              "chloroform"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coating",
+              "coating",
+              "spin-coat"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mg mL-1",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1500 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "120 s",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "nitrogen",
+              "N2"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coated sample",
+              "coated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "50 nm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "film",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glovebox",
+              "nitrogen glovebox"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "cooling",
+              "cooling down",
+              "slowly cooling",
+              "slowly cooling down"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "RT",
+              "room temperature"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "electrolyte:dopant solution",
+              "electrolyte:dopant"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropping",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "150 μL cm-2",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropped sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "leaving",
+              "exposing",
+              "exposure"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "leaved sample",
+              "exposed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spinning off",
+              "spin off",
+              "spun off",
+              "spinning"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "8000 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spun-off sample",
+              "spun sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "acetonitrile",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "rinsing",
+              "removing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "rinsed sample",
+              "removed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "C10-PTTSe_sequentially doped sample",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "chloroform solution",
+              "chloroform"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coating",
+              "coating",
+              "spin-coat"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mg mL-1",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1500 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "120 s",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "nitrogen",
+              "N2"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coated sample",
+              "coated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "60 nm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "film",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glovebox",
+              "nitrogen glovebox"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "cooling",
+              "cooling down",
+              "slowly cooling",
+              "slowly cooling down"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "RT",
+              "room temperature"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dopant-dispersed acetonitrile",
+              "acetonitrile"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "immersing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "over 2 h",
+              "over 2 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "immersed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "C10-PTTSe_ion exchange doped sample",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "chloroform solution",
+              "chloroform"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coating",
+              "coating",
+              "spin-coat"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mg mL-1",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1500 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "120 s",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "nitrogen",
+              "N2"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spin-coated sample",
+              "coated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "60 nm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "film",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glovebox",
+              "nitrogen glovebox"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "cooling",
+              "cooling down",
+              "slowly cooling",
+              "slowly cooling down"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "RT",
+              "room temperature"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "electrolyte:dopant solution",
+              "electrolyte:dopant"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropping",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "150 μL cm-2",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropped sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "leaving",
+              "exposing",
+              "exposure"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "leaved sample",
+              "exposed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spinning off",
+              "spin off",
+              "spun off",
+              "spinning"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "8000 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spun-off sample",
+              "spun sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "acetonitrile",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "rinsing",
+              "removing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "rinsed sample",
+              "removed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1007_s10909-017-1794-y.json

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "La5Ni2Si3_polycrystalline",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "La",
+              "lanthanum"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "99.9 wt% or better",
+              "99.9 wt%"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ni",
+              "Nickel"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "99.9 wt% or better",
+              "99.9 wt%"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Si",
+              "Silicon"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "99.9 wt% or better",
+              "99.9 wt%"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "argon arc-melting",
+              "arc-melting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ultra-high purity argon",
+              "ultra-high purity Ar",
+              "argon",
+              "Ar"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "argon arc-melted sample",
+              "arc-melted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "remelting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "remelted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "900 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1 week",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "evacuated quartz ampoule",
+              "quartz ampoule",
+              "ampoule"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "quenching",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "quenched sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "cold water",
+              "water"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1007_s11671-010-9795-7.json

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Bi2Se3_hydrothermal_annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "bismuth nitrate pentahydrate",
+              "Bi(NO3)3.5H2O"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1 mmol",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Se",
+              "Selenium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1.5 mmol",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NaOH",
+              "sodium hydroxide"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": "4 mmol",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "EDTA",
+              "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": "2 mmol",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "DMF",
+              "Dimethyl formamide"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "teflon-liner",
+              "liner"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ultrasonicator",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "autoclave",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "furnace",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "added sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "added sample",
+              "controlled sample",
+              "pH-reduced sample",
+              "shape-directed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "added sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
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+        ],
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "sealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+      },
+      {
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+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
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+        ],
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
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+          {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
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+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
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+              "filtered sample"
+            ],
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+      },
+      {
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+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "rinsed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+      {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dried sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
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+      },
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+        "type": [
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        ],
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+            "@language": "en"
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        "type": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": [
+              "distilled water",
+              "water"
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+        ]
+      },
+      {
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+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": [
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+              "controlling",
+              "pH-reducing",
+              "shape-directing"
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+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
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+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": [
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+              "30 min",
+              "30 minutes"
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+      },
+      {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "140 and 200 °C",
+              "140, 200 °C"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
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+      },
+      {
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+        "label": [
+          {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+        "matprov:temperature": [
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+            "@value": "room temperature",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
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+        "@id": "a7",
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+      },
+      {
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+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "rinsing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
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+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "drying",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "100 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "4 h",
+              "4 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
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+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
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+            "@value": "vacuum",
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+      },
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+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
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+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1016_j.jmrt.2021.03.001.json

@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "BaYyFe2-yO4_composition variation",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+      },
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+      },
+      {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Y2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
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+      },
+      {
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+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
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+              "C6H8O7",
+              "citric acid"
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "deionized water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
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+        "label": [
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        "type": [
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ground-truth/10.1016_j.phpro.2015.12.181.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1293 @@
+[
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ground-truth/10.1016_j.scriptamat.2017.11.044.json

@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
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+            "@value": [
+              "alumina paper rings",
+              "alumina paper ring",
+              "paper rings",
+              "paper ring"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "40 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "graphite paper",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "graphite punch",
+              "punch"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "40 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "porous graphite felt",
+              "graphite felt",
+              "felt"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "40 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "felt",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintering",
+              "flash spark plasma sintering",
+              "FSPS"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintered sample",
+              "flash spark plasma sintered sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "TinO2n-1_cspsed",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "TinO2n-1",
+              "Titanium suboxide"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "50 to 500 μm",
+              "50 μm to 500 μm"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sps device",
+              "FCT HPD 25"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "preparing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "16 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1000 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "3 min",
+              "3 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "vacuum",
+              "vacuum (5 Pa)"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "100 °C/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "prepared sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintering",
+              "conventional spark plasma sintering",
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "CSPS"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1300-1500 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "5-15 min",
+              "5-15 minutes",
+              "5 to 15 min",
+              "5 to 15 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintered sample",
+              "conventional spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "spark plasma sintered sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1038_s41467-019-09921-4.json

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "PbSe",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Pb",
+              "Lead"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.999%",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Se",
+              "Selenium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.999%",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "reacted sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "polycrystalline",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "crushed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "placed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gradient frozen sample",
+              "grown sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "single crystal",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quartz ampoule",
+              "ampoule"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quartz ampoule with a tapered bottom",
+              "quartz ampoule",
+              "ampoule"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quartz rod",
+              "rod"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "reacting",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1100 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "crushing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "placing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gradient freezing",
+              "growing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1038_s41535-018-0080-9.json

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "CeRh0.58Ir0.42In5_growing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ce",
+              "Cerium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Rh",
+              "Rhodium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ir",
+              "Iridium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Indium-rich flux",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "grown sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "single crystalline",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "growing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1038_s41598-019-41818-6.json

@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Ti2NiCoSnSb_ball-milling",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ti",
+              "Titanium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ni",
+              "Nickel"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Co",
+              "Cobalt"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Sn",
+              "Tin"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Sb",
+              "Antimony"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "vacuum arc melted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "remelted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "hand crushed sample",
+              "crushed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mortar",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "pestle",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Fritsch Pulverisette P-5 high energy planetary ball mill ",
+              "Pulverisette P-5 high energy planetary ball mill",
+              "high energy planetary ball mill",
+              "planetary ball mill"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "WC vial",
+              "WC vials",
+              "tungsten carbide (WC) vial",
+              "tungsten carbide (WC) vials",
+              "tungsten carbide vial",
+              "tungsten carbide vials"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "WC ball",
+              "WC balls",
+              "tungsten carbide (WC) ball",
+              "tungsten carbide (WC) balls",
+              "tungsten carbide ball",
+              "tungsten carbide balls"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Toluene",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ball-milled sample",
+              "planetary ball milled sample",
+              "milled sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "microcrystalline, nanocrystalline",
+              "microcrystalline and nanocrystalline"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Dr. Sinter SPS-650",
+              "Dr. Sinter",
+              "SPS-650"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e17",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "sintered sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "20 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "VAM",
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+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "remelting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "hand crushing",
+              "crusing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ball-milling",
+              "planetary ball milling"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "300 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "1, 5 h",
+              "1 and 5 h",
+              "1 h, 5 h",
+              "1 h and 5 h"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "SPS",
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "sintering"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1373 K",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "5 min",
+              "5 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "50 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "100 K/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1038_s41598-020-61460-x.json

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Sr4Fe6O13_annealed",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ferric nitrate",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "strontium nitrate",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "citric acid",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ammonia solution",
+              "ammonia"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "adding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "added sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e4"
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+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "stirring",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "600 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "stirred sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "evaporating",
+              "evaporation"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "130 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "evaporated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "gel",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "auto-combustion",
+              "auto-combusting",
+              "igniting",
+              "burning"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "auto-combusted sample",
+              "ignited sample",
+              "burned sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcining",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "500, 1100 °C",
+              "500 °C, 1100 °C",
+              "500 and 1100 °C",
+              "500 °C and 1100 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "3, 10 h",
+              "3 h, 10 h",
+              "3 and 10 h",
+              "3 h and 10 h"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "4 °C/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcined sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1038_srep16291.json

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Cu2S_thin-film",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glass",
+              "glasses"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "KrF excimer laser",
+              "excimer laser",
+              "Lamda Physik COMPexPro 201",
+              "COMPexPro 201"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "chamber",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "grown sample",
+              "pulsed laser deposited sample",
+              "deposited sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "growing",
+              "pulsed laser deposition (PLD)",
+              "pulsed laser deposition",
+              "PLD",
+              "deposition",
+              "depositing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "350 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "argon gas",
+              "argon"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "0.5 Pa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "350 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "30 minutes",
+              "30 min"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1039_c6ra06688g.json

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3_spark plasma sintering",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3",
+              "Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 powder"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": ">99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": "8 g",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "graphite die",
+              "die"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1.27 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "SPS",
+              "sintering"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "sintered sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "disc-shaped",
+              "disc"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "12.5 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1063_1.4903773.json

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "mn54-xal46cx_arc-melted",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Mn",
+              "Manganese"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Al",
+              "Aluminium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "C",
+              "Carbon"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc melting",
+              "argon arc-melting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "argon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "0",
+              "1",
+              "2",
+              "3"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc-melted sample",
+              "argon arc-melted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ingot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1050 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "2 days",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "argon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ingot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooling",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ingot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "mn54-xal46cx_single-roller-melt-spun",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Mn",
+              "Manganese"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Al",
+              "Aluminium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "C",
+              "Carbon"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc melting",
+              "argon arc-melting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "argon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "0",
+              "1",
+              "2",
+              "3"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc-melted sample",
+              "argon arc-melted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ingot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "single-roller melt spinning",
+              "melt spinning"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "argon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "single-roller melt-spun sample",
+              "melt-spun sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ribbon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "450 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "45 min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "argon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ribbon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1063_1.4944771.json

@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "R2Fe14B_synthesis",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "R2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "B2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "CaCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "fired sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ca",
+              "Calcium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "SPEX-8000 shaker",
+              "SPEX-8000",
+              "shaker"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "milled sample",
+              "shook sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "argon-filled glove box",
+              "glove box"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quartz tube",
+              "tube"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "diffusion pump",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "box furnace",
+              "furnace"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "water-glycerol solution",
+              "water-glycerol"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e17",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dilute acetic acid solution",
+              "acetic acid solution",
+              "acetic acid"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "0.1 vol.%",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e18",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "removed sample",
+              "washed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e19",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ethanol",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e20",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e21",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heat-treated sample",
+              "heated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "firing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "milling",
+              "shaking"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "4 h",
+              "4 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ar",
+              "argon"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "800 - 900 °C",
+              "800 to 900 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "removing",
+              "washing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heat-treating",
+              "heating"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "vacuum",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "300 - 400 °C",
+              "300 to 400 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "1 - 4 minutes",
+              "1 to 4 minutes",
+              "1 - 4 min",
+              "1 to 4 min"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e18"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e18"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e19"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e20"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e20"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e21"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1088_1742-6596_1011_1_012009.json

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "BaFe12-2xCoxNixO19_doping ion concentration",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "natural iron sand",
+              "iron sand",
+              "magnetite compound (Fe3O4)",
+              "magnetite compound",
+              "Fe3O4"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:mass": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "368.937 grams",
+              "368.937 g"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sand",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "separation",
+              "separating"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "permanent magnet",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "separated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "BaCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "HCl",
+              "hydrochloric acid"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "37 %",
+              "12.063 M",
+              "37% 12.063 M",
+              "37%, 12.063 M"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NH4OH",
+              "NH4OH solution"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "6.5 M",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "distilled water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "CoCl2·6H2O",
+              "Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate",
+              "Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate (CoCl2.6H2O) PA"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NiCl2·6H2O",
+              "Nickel (II) Chloride Hexahydrate (NiCl2.6H2O) PA",
+              "Nickel (II) Chloride Hexahydrate"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "co-precipitation",
+              "co-precipitating",
+              "synthesizing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "co-precipitated sample",
+              "synthesized sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1088_1757-899x_202_1_012048.json

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "MnCl·H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ZnSO4·7H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "FeCl3·6H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "distilled water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolving",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolved sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "HCl solution",
+              "HCl"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "adding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "added sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "stirring",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "5 minutes",
+              "5 min"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "500 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "room temperature",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "stirred sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NaOH solution",
+              "NaOH"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1.5 M",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropping",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "room temperature, 60 °C, 90 °C, and 120 °C",
+              "room temperature, 60, 90, and 120 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1000 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dropped sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "stirring",
+              "synthesizing",
+              "reaction",
+              "reacting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "60 minutes",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1000 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "90 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 M",
+              "0.5 M, 1.5 M, 3 M, and 6 M",
+              "0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 M",
+              "0.5 M, 1.5 M, 3 M, 6 M"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "stirred sample",
+              "synthesized sample",
+              "reacted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "slurry",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooling",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "room temperature",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "slurry",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "washed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "slurry",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "90 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "4 hours",
+              "4 h"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "furnace",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1088_2053-1591_ab532d.json

@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "BaFe12O19_irradiating",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ba(NO3)2",
+              "Barium nitrate",
+              "Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "GR grade",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Fe(NO3)3.9H2O",
+              "Iron nitrate",
+              "Iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": ">98 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "distilled water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolved sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "C6H8O7",
+              "Citric acid",
+              "Citric acid C6H8O7"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "GR grade",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NH4OH solution",
+              "NH4OH",
+              "aqueous solution of NH4OH"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "GR grade",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "added sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dropwise-used sample",
+              "dropwise-added sample",
+              "added sample",
+              "maintained sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "hot plate",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gelled sample",
+              "turned sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "gel",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "self-ignited sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "burnt sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ash",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "crushed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "preheated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcined sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e17",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ag16+ ions",
+              "Ag16+ ion",
+              "Ag ions",
+              "Ag ion"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e18",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "15UD Pelletron Accelerator",
+              "Pelletron Accelerator",
+              "Accelerator"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e19",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "irradiated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolving",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "adding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "using drop wise",
+              "using dropwise",
+              "adding drop wise",
+              "adding dropwise",
+              "maintaining",
+              "using",
+              "adding"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "80-90 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gelling",
+              "turning"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "self-igniting",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "burning",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "crushing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "preheating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "500 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcining",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "950 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "4 h",
+              "4 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "irradiating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a9",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a9",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a10",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a10",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a11",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a11",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a11",
+        "entity": "e18"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a11",
+        "entity": "e19"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1088_2399-6528_ab3336.json

@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Sm0.5Ca0.5−xSrxMnO3_solid-state reaction",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "MnCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Sm2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "SrCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "CaCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "agate mortar",
+              "mortar"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "pestle",
+              "agate pestle"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "weighed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planetary ball mill",
+              "ball mill"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ball-milled sample",
+              "milled sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcined sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintered sample",
+              "pelleted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "weighing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ball-milling",
+              "milling"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "6 h",
+              "6 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "calcining",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "800 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "sintering",
+              "pelletizing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, 980 °C, 1020 °C and 1050 °C",
+              "850, 900, 950, 980, 1020 and 1050 °C",
+              "850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C, 980 °C, 1020 °C, 1050 °C",
+              "850, 900, 950, 980, 1020, 1050 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "12 h",
+              "12 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1155_2015_854840.json

@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Mg1−xZnxFe2O4_sol-gel_autocombustion",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Mg(NO3)2·6H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Zn(NO3)2·6H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe(NO3)3·9H2O",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "citric acid",
+              "C6H8O7·H2O",
+              "citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O)"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ammonia",
+              "ammonia (NH3·H2O)",
+              "NH3·H2O"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "deionized water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolved sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "added sample",
+              "changed the pH sample",
+              "mixed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heated sample",
+              "dried gel sample",
+              "stirred sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dried gel",
+              "gel"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dried sample",
+              "dried gel sample",
+              "dried gel"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dried gel",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "burnt sample",
+              "self-propagating combusted sample",
+              "combusted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "loose powder",
+              "powder"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ground sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "thermostat water bath",
+              "water bath"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dry oven",
+              "oven"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolving",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "adding",
+              "changing the pH",
+              "mixing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heating",
+              "drying",
+              "stirring"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "80 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "drying",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "120 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "2 h",
+              "2 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "burning",
+              "self-propagating combustion",
+              "combustion",
+              "combusting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "room temperature",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "grinding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "800 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "3 h",
+              "3 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1155_2018_9380573.json

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "InSe_thickness_ratio_and_annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "In",
+              "Indium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Se",
+              "Selenium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "glass substrate",
+              "clean glass substrate"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "thermal evaporation coating unit",
+              "evaporation coating unit",
+              "coating unit"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "thermal evaporation",
+              "evaporation",
+              "evaporating",
+              "depositing",
+              "deposition"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "vacuum",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10⁻⁶ mbar",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "thermal evaporated sample",
+              "evaporated sample",
+              "deposited sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "2500 Å",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "bilayer thin film",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "70",
+              "100 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.12693_aphyspola.113.111.json

@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Fe61Co20Nb7B12_planar-flow-casting-annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe61Co20Nb7B12",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planar-flow cast sample",
+              "cast sample",
+              "prepared sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "amorphous ribbons",
+              "amorphous ribbon",
+              "ribbons",
+              "ribbon"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_width": [
+          {
+            "@value": "6-10 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "17-21 µm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
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+              "casting",
+              "preparing"
+            ],
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+      },
+      {
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
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+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "vacuum, Ar",
+              "vacuum or Ar",
+              "vacuum and Ar"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "500 °C, 540 °C, and 580 °C",
+              "500 °C, 540 °C, 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, and 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, 580 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "1 h",
+              "1 hour"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "Fe57Co20V4Nb7B12_planar-flow-casting-annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe57Co20V4Nb7B12",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planar-flow cast sample",
+              "cast sample",
+              "prepared sample"
+            ],
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+        ],
+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "amorphous ribbons",
+              "amorphous ribbon",
+              "ribbons",
+              "ribbon"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_width": [
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+            "@value": "6-10 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "17-21 µm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
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+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
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+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
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+            "@value": [
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+              "vacuum or Ar",
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+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
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+        ],
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+              "500 °C, 540 °C, and 580 °C",
+              "500 °C, 540 °C, 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, and 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, 580 °C"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
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+            "@value": [
+              "1 h",
+              "1 hour"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
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+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
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+      },
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+        "entity": "e4"
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
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+            "@language": "en"
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+            "@language": "en"
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+        "@type": "Entity",
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+        "type": [
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+              "amorphous ribbons",
+              "amorphous ribbon",
+              "ribbons",
+              "ribbon"
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+        ],
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+          {
+            "@value": "10 cm",
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+          }
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+        "matprov:length_width": [
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+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
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+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
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+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
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+            "@value": [
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+              "casting",
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+        ]
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+        "@id": "a2",
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+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
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+            "@value": [
+              "vacuum, Ar",
+              "vacuum or Ar",
+              "vacuum and Ar"
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+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "500 °C, 540 °C, and 580 °C",
+              "500 °C, 540 °C, 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, and 580 °C",
+              "500, 540, 580 °C"
+            ],
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+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "1 h",
+              "1 hour"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.12693_aphyspola.131.813.json

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "SMC_synthesis",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Ni80Fe14.7Mo4.5Mn0.5Si0.3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "hardened steel vial",
+              "steel vial",
+              "vial"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "steel balls",
+              "steel ball",
+              "balls",
+              "ball"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "mechanical alloying",
+              "alloying"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "350 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "mechanically alloyed sample",
+              "alloyed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "metal nitrates",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "citric acid",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "NH4OH",
+              "NH4OH (26% aqueous)"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:concentration": [
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+            "@value": "26 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "aqueous",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "distilled water",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolving",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dissolved sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "aqueous",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "adjusting",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "adjusted sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "70 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "4 hours",
+              "4 h"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "viscous gel",
+              "gel"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "mixed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "laboratory dryer",
+              "dryer"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
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+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "200 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "12 hours",
+              "12 h"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "compacting",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "800 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "compacted sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "toroidal",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "24 mm, 17 mm",
+              "24, 17 mm"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_height": [
+          {
+            "@value": "3 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "compacted sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cylindrical",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_height": [
+          {
+            "@value": "3 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e17",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "microwave furnace",
+              "fornace"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heat treating",
+              "heating"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "800 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "30 minutes",
+              "30 min"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "nitrogen",
+              "N2"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e18",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "heat-treated sample",
+              "heated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
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+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e18"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.12693_aphyspola.133.680.json

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Fe81Mo8Cu1B10_synthesis",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Fe",
+              "Iron"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Mo",
+              "Molybdenum"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Cu",
+              "Copper"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "B",
+              "Boron"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quenching wheel",
+              "wheel"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planar flow cast sample",
+              "cast sample",
+              "prepared sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ribbon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_thickness": [
+          {
+            "@value": "20 µm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_width": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1-2 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "N ions",
+              "N ion",
+              "N"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "bombarded sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planar flow casting",
+              "casting",
+              "prepering"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "bombarding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.12693_aphyspola.144.333.json

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "(Nd10Fe67B23)93Nb7_annealed",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Nd",
+              "Neodymium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "min. 4 N",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Fe",
+              "Iron"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "min. 4 N",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe–B alloy",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Nb",
+              "Niobium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "min. 4 N",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc-melting",
+              "melting"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Ar",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "low pressure",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "arc-melted sample",
+              "melted sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "melt-spinning",
+              "producing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Ar",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "low pressure",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "melt-spun sample",
+              "produced sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ribbon",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Ar",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "low pressure",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "quart tubes",
+              "tubes"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "wide range",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": "5 min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.1515_amm-2017-0140.json

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3_nanocomposite",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Bismuth",
+              "Bi"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.999 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Antimony",
+              "Sb"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Tellurium",
+              "Te"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.999 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ga2O3 nanoparticles",
+              "Ga2O3"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gas atomized sample",
+              "atomized sample",
+              "prepared sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Planetary miller P100",
+              "Planetary miller"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "ball-milled sample",
+              "milled sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "sps sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "gas atomization",
+              "preparing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ball-milling",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "SPS"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "50 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "673 K",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.3390_ma12050731.json

@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Yb13.5RE0.5ZnSb11_spark plasma sintered",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
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+              "Yb filings",
+              "Ytterbium"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
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+        ],
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+          {
+            "@value": "filings",
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+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Sb",
+              "Sb shot",
+              "Antimony"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "shot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Zn",
+              "Zn shot",
+              "Zinc"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "shot",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "RE",
+              "RE filings",
+              "Rare earth"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "filings",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "SPEX 55ml tungsten carbide canister",
+              "55ml tungsten carbide canister",
+              "tungsten carbide canister",
+              "WC canister",
+              "canister"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "tungsten carbide balls",
+              "tungsten carbide ball",
+              "WC balls",
+              "WC ball",
+              "balls",
+              "ball"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "SPEX 8000M mixer mill",
+              "mixer mill"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "combining",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e25",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "combined sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "milling",
+              "ball milling",
+              "mixing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "1 h and 30 min",
+              "1 hour and 30 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ar",
+              "argon"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "milled sample",
+              "ball milled sample",
+              "mixed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Nb tube",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length": [
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+            "@value": "13 cm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Ar",
+              "argon"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "quartz",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
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+        "label": [
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+            "@value": "sealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "vacuum",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e13",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "box furnace",
+              "furnace"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealing",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "900 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "96 h",
+              "96 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e14",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "annealed sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e15",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "agate mortar",
+              "mortar"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e16",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "pestle",
+              "agate pestle"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "grinding",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e17",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ground sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e18",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "200 mesh stainless steel sieve",
+              "stainless steel sieve"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sieving",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e19",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sieved sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e20",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "thin graphite foil spacers",
+              "thin graphite foil spacer",
+              "graphite foil spacers",
+              "graphite foil spacer",
+              "foil spacers",
+              "foil spacer"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e21",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "high-density graphite die",
+              "graphite die",
+              "die"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "12.7 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "loading",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e22",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Dr. Sinter Lab SPS-211LX unit",
+              "Dr. Sinter Lab SPS-211LX",
+              "SPS-211LX unit",
+              "SPS-211LX"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "SPS",
+              "sintering"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "dynamic vacuum",
+              "vacuum"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure_start": [
+          {
+            "@value": "20 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure_end": [
+          {
+            "@value": "63 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_start": [
+          {
+            "@value": "20 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_end": [
+          {
+            "@value": "800 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "15 min",
+              "15 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e23",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "loaded sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e24",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "SPS sample",
+              "sintered sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
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+        "@type": "Usage",
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+      {
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+      },
+      {
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+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e25"
+      },
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+      {
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+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
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+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
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+        "entity": "e12"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
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+        "entity": "e13"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e14"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e15"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e16"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e17"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e18"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a6",
+        "entity": "e19"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e19"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e20"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e21"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a7",
+        "entity": "e23"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e23"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e22"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a8",
+        "entity": "e24"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.3390_ma14020273.json

@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "Ca349_conventional-sintering",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "CaCO3",
+              "calcium carbonate"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "< 10 μm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Co3O4",
+              "cobalt oxide"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "< 10 μm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "steel balls",
+              "steel ball",
+              "balls",
+              "ball"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ethanol",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planetary ball-milled sample",
+              "ball-milled sample",
+              "milled sample",
+              "ground sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dried sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "hydraulic press",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "consolidated sample",
+              "pressed sample",
+              "hydraulic pressed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "16 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_height": [
+          {
+            "@value": "4 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "pellet",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "horizontal tubular furnace",
+              "tubular furnace",
+              "furnace"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sintered sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planetary ball milling",
+              "ball-milling",
+              "milling",
+              "grinding"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "30 min",
+              "30 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "drying",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "24 h",
+              "24 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "70 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "20 min",
+              "20 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "consolidating",
+              "pressing",
+              "hydraulic pressing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "400 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "sintering",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "850, 900, and 950 °C",
+              "850 °C, 900 °C, and 950 °C",
+              "850, 900, 950 °C",
+              "850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "5 °C/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "10 h",
+              "10 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "label": "Ca349_spark-plasma-sintering",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "CaCO3",
+              "calcium carbonate"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "< 10 μm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Co3O4",
+              "cobalt oxide"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "< 10 μm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "steel balls",
+              "steel ball",
+              "balls",
+              "ball"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "ethanol",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planetary ball-milled sample",
+              "ball-milled sample",
+              "milled sample",
+              "ground sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "dried sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heated sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "hydraulic press",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "consolidated sample",
+              "pressed sample",
+              "hydraulic pressed sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_diameter": [
+          {
+            "@value": "16 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:length_height": [
+          {
+            "@value": "4 mm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "pellet",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e11",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "spark plasma sintering system",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e12",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintered sample",
+              "sintered sample",
+              "SPS sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "planetary ball milling",
+              "ball-milling",
+              "milling",
+              "grinding"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "30 min",
+              "30 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "drying",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "24 h",
+              "24 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "heating",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "70 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "20 min",
+              "20 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "consolidating",
+              "pressing",
+              "hydraulic pressing"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "400 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "spark plasma sintering",
+              "sintering",
+              "SPS"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "850-950 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:pressure": [
+          {
+            "@value": "50 MPa",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "100 °C/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "10 min",
+              "10 minutes"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a4",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e11"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a5",
+        "entity": "e12"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]

ground-truth/10.3390_nano12193452.json

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+[
+  {
+    "label": "SrFe12-xNdxO19_annealing",
+    "@graph": [
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "SrCO3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Nd2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.5 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "Fe2O3",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99.9 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e4",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "acetone",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:purity": [
+          {
+            "@value": "99 %",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e5",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "80 mL milling vials",
+              "milling vials",
+              "80 mL milling vial",
+              "milling vial",
+              "vials",
+              "vial"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e6",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "Activator 2S planetary ball mill",
+              "planetary ball mill",
+              "ball mill"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "loaded sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e7",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "high-energy milled sample",
+              "milled sample",
+              "planetary ball milled sample",
+              "ball milled sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e8",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "tubular resistance furnace",
+              "furnace"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "tool",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e9",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "annealed sample",
+              "heat-treated sample"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:form": [
+          {
+            "@value": "powder",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Entity",
+        "@id": "e10",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooled sample",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": [
+          {
+            "@value": "material",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a0",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "loading",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a1",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "high-energy milling",
+              "milling",
+              "planetary ball milling",
+              "ball milling"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:rotation": [
+          {
+            "@value": "400 rpm",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "6 h",
+              "6 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "room temperature",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a2",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "annealing",
+              "heat-treating",
+              "heating treatment"
+            ],
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature": [
+          {
+            "@value": "1000 °C",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:duration": [
+          {
+            "@value": [
+              "2 h",
+              "2 hours"
+            ],
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:temperature_rate": [
+          {
+            "@value": "10 °C/min",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Activity",
+        "@id": "a3",
+        "label": [
+          {
+            "@value": "cooling",
+            "@language": "en"
+          }
+        ],
+        "matprov:atmosphere": [
+          {
+            "@value": "air",
+            "@type": "xsd:string"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e1"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e2"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e3"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e4"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e5"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e6"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a0",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e0"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a1",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e7"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e8"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a2",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Usage",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e9"
+      },
+      {
+        "@type": "Generation",
+        "activity": "a3",
+        "entity": "e10"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]